351
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Garg B, Gill SS, Biswas DK, Sahoo RK, Kunchge NS, Tuteja R, Tuteja N. Simultaneous Expression of PDH45 with EPSPS Gene Improves Salinity and Herbicide Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:364. [PMID: 28392794 PMCID: PMC5364135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the problem of salinity- and weed-induced crop losses, a multi-stress tolerant trait is need of the hour but a combinatorial view of such traits is not yet explored. The overexpression of PDH45 (pea DNA helicase 45) and EPSPS (5-enoylpruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase) genes have been reported to impart salinity and herbicide tolerance. Further, the understanding of mechanism and pathways utilized by PDH45 and EPSPS for salinity and herbicide tolerance will help to improve the crops of economical importance. In the present study, we have performed a comparative analysis of salinity and herbicide tolerance to check the biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of tobacco transgenic plants. Collectively, the results showed that PDH45 overexpressing transgenic lines display efficient tolerance to salinity stress, while PDH45+EPSPS transgenics showed tolerance to both the salinity and herbicide as compared to the control [wild type (WT) and vector control (VC)] plants. The activities of the components of enzymatic antioxidant machinery were observed to be higher in the transgenic plants indicating the presence of an efficient antioxidant defense system which helps to cope with the stress-induced oxidative-damages. Photosynthetic parameters also showed significant increase in PDH45 and PDH45+EPSPS overexpressing transgenic plants in comparison to WT, VC and EPSPS transgenic plants under salinity stress. Furthermore, PDH45 and PDH45+EPSPS synergistically modulate the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid mediated signaling pathways for combating salinity stress. The findings of our study suggest that pyramiding of the PDH45 gene with EPSPS gene renders host plants tolerant to salinity and herbicide by enhancing the antioxidant machinery thus photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Garg
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Sarvajeet S. Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, India
| | - Dipul K. Biswas
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Ranjan K. Sahoo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Renu Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar PradeshNoida, India
- *Correspondence: Narendra Tuteja, ;
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352
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Vu LD, Stes E, Van Bel M, Nelissen H, Maddelein D, Inzé D, Coppens F, Martens L, Gevaert K, De Smet I. Up-to-Date Workflow for Plant (Phospho)proteomics Identifies Differential Drought-Responsive Phosphorylation Events in Maize Leaves. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4304-4317. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Dai Vu
- Department
of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Medical
Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department
of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Medical
Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Department
of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department
of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Davy Maddelein
- Medical
Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department
of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department
of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- Medical
Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Medical
Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department
of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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353
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ChloroSeq, an Optimized Chloroplast RNA-Seq Bioinformatic Pipeline, Reveals Remodeling of the Organellar Transcriptome Under Heat Stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:2817-27. [PMID: 27402360 PMCID: PMC5015939 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although RNA-Seq has revolutionized transcript analysis, organellar transcriptomes are rarely assessed even when present in published datasets. Here, we describe the development and application of a rapid and convenient method, ChloroSeq, to delineate qualitative and quantitative features of chloroplast RNA metabolism from strand-specific RNA-Seq datasets, including processing, editing, splicing, and relative transcript abundance. The use of a single experiment to analyze systematically chloroplast transcript maturation and abundance is of particular interest due to frequent pleiotropic effects observed in mutants that affect chloroplast gene expression and/or photosynthesis. To illustrate its utility, ChloroSeq was applied to published RNA-Seq datasets derived from Arabidopsis thaliana grown under control and abiotic stress conditions, where the organellar transcriptome had not been examined. The most appreciable effects were found for heat stress, which induces a global reduction in splicing and editing efficiency, and leads to increased abundance of chloroplast transcripts, including genic, intergenic, and antisense transcripts. Moreover, by concomitantly analyzing nuclear transcripts that encode chloroplast gene expression regulators from the same libraries, we demonstrate the possibility of achieving a holistic understanding of the nucleus-organelle system. ChloroSeq thus represents a unique method for streamlining RNA-Seq data interpretation of the chloroplast transcriptome and its regulators.
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354
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Jallet D, Caballero MA, Gallina AA, Youngblood M, Peers G. Photosynthetic physiology and biomass partitioning in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown in a sinusoidal light regime. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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355
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Grieco M, Jain A, Ebersberger I, Teige M. An evolutionary view on thylakoid protein phosphorylation uncovers novel phosphorylation hotspots with potential functional implications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3883-96. [PMID: 27117338 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of photosynthetic light reactions by reversible protein phosphorylation is well established today, but functional studies have so far mostly been restricted to processes affecting light-harvesting complex II and the core proteins of photosystem II. Virtually no functional data are available on regulatory effects at the other photosynthetic complexes despite the identification of multiple phosphorylation sites. Therefore we summarize the available data from 50 published phospho-proteomics studies covering the main complexes involved in photosynthetic light reactions in the 'green lineage' (i.e. green algae and land plants) as well as its cyanobacterial counterparts. In addition, we performed an extensive orthologue search for the major photosynthetic thylakoid proteins in 41 sequenced genomes and generated sequence alignments to survey the phylogenetic distribution of phosphorylation sites and their evolutionary conservation from green algae to higher plants. We observed a number of uncharacterized phosphorylation hotspots at photosystem I and the ATP synthase with potential functional relevance as well as an unexpected divergence of phosphosites. Although technical limitations might account for a number of those differences, we think that many of these phosphosites have important functions. This is particularly important for mono- and dicot plants, where these sites might be involved in regulatory processes such as stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arpit Jain
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Anlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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356
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Abdelrahman M, Abdel-Motaal F, El-Sayed M, Jogaiah S, Shigyo M, Ito SI, Tran LSP. Dissection of Trichoderma longibrachiatum-induced defense in onion (Allium cepa L.) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepa by target metabolite profiling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 246:128-138. [PMID: 26993243 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are versatile opportunistic plant symbionts that can cause substantial changes in the metabolism of host plants, thereby increasing plant growth and activating plant defense to various diseases. Target metabolite profiling approach was selected to demonstrate that Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from desert soil can confer beneficial agronomic traits to onion and induce defense mechanism against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepa (FOC), through triggering a number of primary and secondary metabolite pathways. Onion seeds primed with Trichoderma T1 strain displayed early seedling emergence and enhanced growth compared with Trichoderma T2-treatment and untreated control. Therefore, T1 was selected for further investigations under greenhouse conditions, which revealed remarkable improvement in the onion bulb growth parameters and resistance against FOC. The metabolite platform of T1-primed onion (T1) and T1-primed onion challenged with FOC (T1+FOC) displayed significant accumulation of 25 abiotic and biotic stress-responsive metabolites, representing carbohydrate, phenylpropanoid and sulfur assimilation metabolic pathways. In addition, T1- and T1+FOC-treated onion plants showed discrete antioxidant capacity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared with control. Our findings demonstrated the contribution of T. longibrachiatum to the accumulation of key metabolites, which subsequently leads to the improvement of onion growth, as well as its resistance to oxidative stress and FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abdel-Motaal
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Magdi El-Sayed
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Plant Healthcare and Diagnostic Center, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Masayoshi Shigyo
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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357
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Ahmad P, Abdel Latef AA, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Gucel S, Tran LSP. Nitric Oxide Mitigates Salt Stress by Regulating Levels of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes in Chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:347. [PMID: 27066020 PMCID: PMC4814448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to evaluate whether external application of nitric oxide (NO) in the form of its donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) could mitigate the deleterious effects of NaCl stress on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants. SNAP (50 μM) was applied to chickpea plants grown under non-saline and saline conditions (50 and 100 mM NaCl). Salt stress inhibited growth and biomass yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll content of chickpea plants. High salinity increased electrolyte leakage, carotenoid content and the levels of osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, soluble proteins and soluble sugars), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase in chickpea plants. Expression of the representative SOD, CAT and APX genes examined was also up-regulated in chickpea plants by salt stress. On the other hand, exogenous application of NO to salinized plants enhanced the growth parameters, LRWC, photosynthetic pigment production and levels of osmolytes, as well as the activities of examined antioxidant enzymes which is correlated with up-regulation of the examined SOD, CAT and APX genes, in comparison with plants treated with NaCl only. Furthermore, electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and MDA contents showed decline in salt-stressed plants supplemented with NO as compared with those in NaCl-treated plants alone. Thus, the exogenous application of NO protected chickpea plants against salt stress-induced oxidative damage by enhancing the biosyntheses of antioxidant enzymes, thereby improving plant growth under saline stress. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NO has capability to mitigate the adverse effects of high salinity on chickpea plants by improving LRWC, photosynthetic pigment biosyntheses, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidative defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Sri Pratap CollegeSrinagar, India
| | - Arafat A. Abdel Latef
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityQena, Egypt
- Biology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif UniversityTurabah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterGiza, Egypt
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed F. Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salih Gucel
- Centre for Environmental Research, Near East UniversityNicosia, Cyprus
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
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358
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Guihéneuf F, Khan A, Tran LSP. Genetic Engineering: A Promising Tool to Engender Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Stress Resilience in Green Microalgae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:400. [PMID: 27066043 PMCID: PMC4815356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As we march into the 21st century, the prevailing scenario of depleting energy resources, global warming and ever increasing issues of human health and food security will quadruple. In this context, genetic and metabolic engineering of green microalgae complete the quest toward a continuum of environmentally clean fuel and food production. Evolutionarily related, but unlike land plants, microalgae need nominal land or water, and are best described as unicellular autotrophs using light energy to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into algal biomass, mitigating fossil CO2 pollution in the process. Remarkably, a feature innate to most microalgae is synthesis and accumulation of lipids (60-65% of dry weight), carbohydrates and secondary metabolites like pigments and vitamins, especially when grown under abiotic stress conditions. Particularly fruitful, such an application of abiotic stress factors such as nitrogen starvation, salinity, heat shock, etc., can be used in a biorefinery concept for production of multiple valuable products. The focus of this mini-review underlies metabolic reorientation practices and tolerance mechanisms as applied to green microalgae under specific stress stimuli for a sustainable pollution-free future. Moreover, we entail current progress on genetic engineering as a promising tool to grasp adaptive processes for improving strains with potential biotechnological interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Guihéneuf
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Asif Khan
- Research Group Germline Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumi, Japan
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359
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Abdel Latef AA, Tran LSP. Impacts of Priming with Silicon on the Growth and Tolerance of Maize Plants to Alkaline Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:243. [PMID: 27014283 PMCID: PMC4785188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been known to augment plant defense against biotic and abiotic pressures. Maize (Zea maize L.) is classified as a Si accumulator and is relatively susceptible to alkaline stress. In this study, seeds of maize were grown in pots and exposed to various concentrations of Na2CO3 (0, 25, 50, and 75 mM) with or without 1.5 mM Si in the form of sodium metasilicate Na2O3Si.5H2O for 25 days. Alkaline-stressed plants showed a decrease in growth parameters, leaf relative water content (LRWC), and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, total phenols and potassium ion (K(+)), as well as potassium/sodium ion (K(+)/Na(+)) ratio. By contrast, alkaline stress increased the contents of soluble proteins, total free amino acids, proline, Na(+) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in stressed plants. On the other hand, application of Si by seed-priming improved growth of stressed plants, which was accompanied by the enhancement in LRWC, and levels of photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, total free amino acids and K(+), as well as activities of SOD, CAT, and POD enzymes. Furthermore, Si supplement resulted in a decrease in the contents of proline, MDA and Na(+), which together with enhanced K(+) level led to a favorable adjustment of K(+)/Na(+) ratio, in stressed plants relative to plants treated with alkaline stress alone. Taken together, these results indicate that Si plays a pivotal role in alleviating the negative effects of alkaline stress on maize growth by improving water status, enhancing photosynthetic pigments, accumulating osmoprotectants rather than proline, activating the antioxidant machinery, and maintaining the balance of K(+)/Na(+) ratio. Thus, our findings demonstrate that seed-priming with Si is an efficient strategy that can be used to boost tolerance of maize plants to alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat A. Abdel Latef
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityQena, Egypt
- Biology Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif UniversityTaif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
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360
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Alpuerto JB, Hussain RMF, Fukao T. The key regulator of submergence tolerance, SUB1A, promotes photosynthetic and metabolic recovery from submergence damage in rice leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:672-84. [PMID: 26477688 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The submergence-tolerance regulator, SUBMERGENCE1A (SUB1A), of rice (Oryza sativa L.) modulates gene regulation, metabolism and elongation growth during submergence. Its benefits continue during desubmergence through protection from reactive oxygen species and dehydration, but there is limited understanding of SUB1A's role in physiological recovery from the stress. Here, we investigated the contribution of SUB1A to desubmergence recovery using the two near-isogenic lines, submergence-sensitive M202 and tolerant M202(Sub1). No visible damage was detected in the two genotypes after 3 d of submergence, but the sublethal stress differentially altered photosynthetic parameters and accumulation of energy reserves. Submergence inhibited photosystem II photochemistry and stimulated breakdown of protein and accumulation of several amino acids in both genotypes at similar levels. Upon desubmergence, however, more rapid return to homeostasis of these factors was observed in M202(Sub1). Submergence considerably restrained non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in M202, whereas the value was unaltered in M202(Sub1) during the stress. Upon reaeration, submerged plants encounter sudden exposure to higher light. A greater capability for NPQ-mediated photoprotection can benefit the rapid recovery of photosynthetic performance and energy reserve metabolism in M202(Sub1). Our findings illuminate the significant role of SUB1A in active physiological recovery upon desubmergence, a component of enhanced tolerance to submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takeshi Fukao
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences
- Translational Plant Sciences Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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361
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Tsukagoshi H. Control of root growth and development by reactive oxygen species. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:57-63. [PMID: 26724502 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are relatively simple molecules that exist within cells growing in aerobic conditions. ROS were originally associated with oxidative stress and seen as highly reactive molecules that are injurious to many cell components. More recently, however, the function of ROS as signal molecules in many plant cellular processes has become more evident. One of the most important functions of ROS is their role as a plant growth regulator. For example, ROS are key molecules in regulating plant root development, and as such, are comparable to plant hormones. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of ROS that are mainly associated with plant root growth are discussed. The molecular links between root growth regulation by ROS and other signals will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironaka Tsukagoshi
- The Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, PhD Professional: Gateway to Success in Frontier Asia, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Aichi, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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362
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Seasonal induction of alternative principal pathway for rose flower scent. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20234. [PMID: 26831950 PMCID: PMC4735289 DOI: 10.1038/srep20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological adaptations to seasonal changes are often observed in the phenotypic traits of plants and animals, and these adaptations are usually expressed through the production of different biochemical end products. In this study, ecological adaptations are observed in a biochemical pathway without alteration of the end products. We present an alternative principal pathway to the characteristic floral scent compound 2-phenylethanol (2PE) in roses. The new pathway is seasonally induced in summer as a heat adaptation that uses rose phenylpyruvate decarboxylase (RyPPDC) as a novel enzyme. RyPPDC transcript levels and the resulting production of 2PE are increased time-dependently under high temperatures. The novel summer pathway produces levels of 2PE that are several orders of magnitude higher than those produced by the previously known pathway. Our results indicate that the alternative principal pathway identified here is a seasonal adaptation for managing the weakened volatility of summer roses.
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363
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Garg R, Shankar R, Thakkar B, Kudapa H, Krishnamurthy L, Mantri N, Varshney RK, Bhatia S, Jain M. Transcriptome analyses reveal genotype- and developmental stage-specific molecular responses to drought and salinity stresses in chickpea. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19228. [PMID: 26759178 PMCID: PMC4725360 DOI: 10.1038/srep19228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and salinity are the major factors that limit chickpea production worldwide. We performed whole transcriptome analyses of chickpea genotypes to investigate the molecular basis of drought and salinity stress response/adaptation. Phenotypic analyses confirmed the contrasting responses of the chickpea genotypes to drought or salinity stress. RNA-seq of the roots of drought and salinity related genotypes was carried out under control and stress conditions at vegetative and/or reproductive stages. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes revealed divergent gene expression in the chickpea genotypes at different developmental stages. We identified a total of 4954 and 5545 genes exclusively regulated in drought-tolerant and salinity-tolerant genotypes, respectively. A significant fraction (~47%) of the transcription factor encoding genes showed differential expression under stress. The key enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, generation of precursor metabolites/energy, protein modification, redox homeostasis and cell wall component biogenesis, were affected by drought and/or salinity stresses. Interestingly, transcript isoforms showed expression specificity across the chickpea genotypes and/or developmental stages as illustrated by the AP2-EREBP family members. Our findings provide insights into the transcriptome dynamics and components of regulatory network associated with drought and salinity stress responses in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Garg
- Functional and Applied Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Shankar
- Functional and Applied Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijal Thakkar
- Functional and Applied Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- Functional and Applied Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- Functional and Applied Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,School of Computational &Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Hoque TS, Hossain MA, Mostofa MG, Burritt DJ, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Methylglyoxal: An Emerging Signaling Molecule in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1341. [PMID: 27679640 PMCID: PMC5020096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenated short aldehyde methylglyoxal (MG) is produced in plants as a by-product of a number of metabolic reactions, including elimination of phosphate groups from glycolysis intermediates dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. MG is mostly detoxified by the combined actions of the enzymes glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II that together with glutathione make up the glyoxalase system. Under normal growth conditions, basal levels of MG remain low in plants; however, when plants are exposed to abiotic stress, MG can accumulate to much higher levels. Stress-induced MG functions as a toxic molecule, inhibiting different developmental processes, including seed germination, photosynthesis and root growth, whereas MG, at low levels, acts as an important signaling molecule, involved in regulating diverse events, such as cell proliferation and survival, control of the redox status of cells, and many other aspects of general metabolism and cellular homeostases. MG can modulate plant stress responses by regulating stomatal opening and closure, the production of reactive oxygen species, cytosolic calcium ion concentrations, the activation of inward rectifying potassium channels and the expression of many stress-responsive genes. MG appears to play important roles in signal transduction by transmitting and amplifying cellular signals and functions that promote adaptation of plants growing under adverse environmental conditions. Thus, MG is now considered as a potential biochemical marker for plant abiotic stress tolerance, and is receiving considerable attention by the scientific community. In this review, we will summarize recent findings regarding MG metabolism in plants under abiotic stress, and evaluate the concept of MG signaling. In addition, we will demonstrate the importance of giving consideration to MG metabolism and the glyoxalase system, when investigating plant adaptation and responses to various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsina S. Hoque
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad G. Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Mohammad G. Mostofa, Lam-Son P. Tran, ;
| | | | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa UniversityKagawa, Japan
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mohammad G. Mostofa, Lam-Son P. Tran, ;
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Ripoll J, Bertin N, Bidel LPR, Urban L. A User's View of the Parameters Derived from the Induction Curves of Maximal Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: Perspectives for Analyzing Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1679. [PMID: 27891137 PMCID: PMC5104755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the fast kinetics of the induction curve of maximal fluorescence represents a relatively recent development for chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. The parameters of the so-called JIP-test are exploited by an increasingly large community of users to assess plant stress and its consequences. We provide here evidence that these parameters are capable to distinguish between stresses of different natures or intensities, and between stressed plants of different genetic background or at different developmental stages at the time of stress. It is, however, important to keep in mind that the JIP-test is inherently limited in scope, that it is based on assumptions which are not fully validated and that precautions must be taken to ensure that measurements are meaningful. Recent advances suggest that some improvements could be implemented to increase the reliability of measurements and the pertinence of the parameters calculated. We moreover advocate for using the JIP-test in combination with other techniques to build comprehensive pictures of plant responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ripoll
- INRA – Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
- UMR QualiSud, Université d’Avignon et des Pays du VaucluseAvignon, France
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRA – Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
| | | | - Laurent Urban
- UMR QualiSud, Université d’Avignon et des Pays du VaucluseAvignon, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Urban,
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Nama S, Madireddi SK, Devadasu ER, Subramanyam R. High light induced changes in organization, protein profile and function of photosynthetic machinery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:367-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gururani MA, Mohanta TK, Bae H. Current Understanding of the Interplay between Phytohormones and Photosynthesis under Environmental Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19055-85. [PMID: 26287167 PMCID: PMC4581286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress accounts for huge crop losses every year across the globe. In plants, the photosynthetic machinery gets severely damaged at various levels due to adverse environmental conditions. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a result of stress further promote the photosynthetic damage by inhibiting the repair system of photosystem II. Earlier studies have suggested that phytohormones are not only required for plant growth and development, but they also play a pivotal role in regulating plants’ responses to different abiotic stress conditions. Although, phytohormones have been studied in great detail in the past, their influence on the photosynthetic machinery under abiotic stress has not been studied. One of the major factors that limits researchers fromelucidating the precise roles of phytohormones is the highly complex nature of hormonal crosstalk in plants. Another factor that needs to be elucidated is the method used for assessing photosynthetic damage in plants that are subjected to abiotic stress. Here, we review the current understanding on the role of phytohormones in the photosynthetic machinery under various abiotic stress conditions and discuss the potential areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 712-749, Korea.
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 712-749, Korea.
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