351
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Automation of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward retinal pigment epithelial cells for large-scale productions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10646. [PMID: 31337830 PMCID: PMC6650487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction or death of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is involved in some forms of Retinitis Pigmentosa and in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Since there is no cure for most patients affected by these diseases, the transplantation of RPE cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represents an attractive therapeutic alternative. First attempts to transplant hPSC-RPE cells in AMD and Stargardt patients demonstrated the safety and suggested the potential efficacy of this strategy. However, it also highlighted the need to upscale the production of the cells to be grafted in order to treat the millions of potential patients. Automated cell culture systems are necessary to change the scale of cell production. In the present study, we developed a protocol amenable for automation that combines in a sequential manner Nicotinamide, Activin A and CHIR99021 to direct the differentiation of hPSCs into RPE cells. This novel differentiation protocol associated with the use of cell culture robots open new possibilities for the production of large batches of hPSC-RPE cells while maintaining a high cell purity and functionality. Such methodology of cell culture automation could therefore be applied to various differentiation processes in order to generate the material suitable for cell therapy.
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352
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Singh RK, Occelli LM, Binette F, Petersen-Jones SM, Nasonkin IO. Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Tissue in the Subretinal Space of the Cat Eye. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1151-1166. [PMID: 31210100 PMCID: PMC6708274 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop biological approaches to restore vision, we developed a method of transplanting stem cell-derived retinal tissue into the subretinal space of a large-eye animal model (cat). Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were differentiated to retinal organoids in a dish. hESC-derived retinal tissue was introduced into the subretinal space of wild-type cats following a pars plana vitrectomy. The cats were systemically immunosuppressed with either prednisolone or prednisolone plus cyclosporine A. The eyes were examined by fundoscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging for adverse effects due to the presence of the subretinal grafts. Immunohistochemistry was done with antibodies to retinal and human markers to delineate graft survival, differentiation, and integration into cat retina. We successfully delivered hESC-derived retinal tissue into the subretinal space of the cat eye. We observed strong infiltration of immune cells in the graft and surrounding tissue in the cats treated with prednisolone. In contrast, we showed better survival and low immune response to the graft in cats treated with prednisolone plus cyclosporine A. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies (STEM121, CALB2, DCX, and SMI-312) revealed large number of graft-derived fibers connecting the graft and the host. We also show presence of human-specific synaptophysin puncta in the cat retina. This work demonstrates feasibility of engrafting hESC-derived retinal tissue into the subretinal space of large-eye animal models. Transplanting retinal tissue in degenerating cat retina will enable rapid development of preclinical in vivo work focused on vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh K Singh
- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly BioTime Inc.), Carlsbad, California
| | - Laurence M Occelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lasing, Michigan
| | - Francois Binette
- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly BioTime Inc.), Carlsbad, California
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lasing, Michigan
| | - Igor O Nasonkin
- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly BioTime Inc.), Carlsbad, California
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353
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Kwa FA, Dulull NK, Roessner U, Dias DA, Rupasinghe TW. Lipidomics reveal the protective effects of a vegetable-derived isothiocyanate against retinal degeneration. F1000Res 2019; 8:1067. [PMID: 33145006 PMCID: PMC7590896 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19598.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the ageing population. Without effective treatment strategies that can prevent disease progression, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of vision loss and improve patients' quality of life. Dysfunctional innate immune responses to oxidative stress observed in AMD can be caused by the formation of oxidised lipids, whilst polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown to increase the risk of AMD and disease progression in affected individuals. Previously, our laboratory has shown that the vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane (LSF), can protect human adult pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by upregulating gene expression of the oxidative stress enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferase µ1. This study aims to validate the protective effects of LSF on human retinal cells under oxidative stress conditions and to reveal the key players in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that may facilitate this protection. Methods: The in vitro oxidative stress model of AMD was based on the exposure of an adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 cell line to 200µM hydrogen peroxide. Percentage cell proliferation following LSF treatment was measured using tetrazolium salt-based assays. Untargeted fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress conditions, LSF treatment induced dose-dependent cell proliferation. The key fatty acids that were increased by LSF treatment of the retinal cells include oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid. LSF treatment also increased levels of the lipid classes phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl ester and oxo-phytodienoic acid but decreased levels of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids. Conclusions: We propose that retinal cells at risk of oxidative damage and apoptosis can be pre-conditioned with LSF to regulate levels of selected fatty acids and lipids known to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A. Kwa
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Nabeela K. Dulull
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Thusitha W. Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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354
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Kwa FA, Dulull NK, Roessner U, Dias DA, Rupasinghe TW. Lipidomics reveal the protective effects of a vegetable-derived isothiocyanate against retinal degeneration. F1000Res 2019; 8:1067. [PMID: 33145006 PMCID: PMC7590896 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19598.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the ageing population. Without effective treatment strategies that can prevent disease progression, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of vision loss and improve patients' quality of life. Dysfunctional innate immune responses to oxidative stress observed in AMD can be caused by the formation of oxidised lipids, whilst polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown to increase the risk of AMD and disease progression in affected individuals. Previously, our laboratory has shown that the vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane (LSF), can protect human adult pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by upregulating gene expression of the oxidative stress enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferase µ1. This study aims to validate the protective effects of LSF on human retinal cells under oxidative stress conditions and to reveal the key players in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that may facilitate this protection. Methods: The in vitro oxidative stress model of AMD was based on the exposure of an adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 cell line to 200µM hydrogen peroxide. Percentage cell proliferation following LSF treatment was measured using tetrazolium salt-based assays. Untargeted fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress conditions, LSF treatment induced dose-dependent cell proliferation. The key fatty acids that were increased by LSF treatment of the retinal cells include oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid. LSF treatment also increased levels of the lipid classes phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl ester and oxo-phytodienoic acid but decreased levels of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids. Conclusions: We propose that retinal cells at risk of oxidative damage and apoptosis can be pre-conditioned with LSF to regulate levels of selected fatty acids and lipids known to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A. Kwa
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Nabeela K. Dulull
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Thusitha W. Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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355
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Kwa FA, Dulull NK, Roessner U, Dias DA, Rupasinghe TW. Lipidomics reveal the protective effects of a vegetable-derived isothiocyanate against retinal degeneration. F1000Res 2019; 8:1067. [PMID: 33145006 PMCID: PMC7590896 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19598.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the ageing population. Without effective treatment strategies that can prevent disease progression, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of vision loss and improve patients' quality of life. Dysfunctional innate immune responses to oxidative stress observed in AMD can be caused by the formation of oxidised lipids, whilst polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown to increase the risk of AMD and disease progression in affected individuals. Previously, our laboratory has shown that the vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane (LSF), can protect human adult pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by upregulating gene expression of the oxidative stress enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferase µ1. This study aims to validate the protective effects of LSF on human retinal cells under oxidative stress conditions and to reveal the key players in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that may facilitate this protection. Methods: The in vitro oxidative stress model of AMD was based on the exposure of an adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 cell line to 200µM hydrogen peroxide. Percentage cell proliferation following LSF treatment was measured using tetrazolium salt-based assays. Untargeted fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress conditions, LSF treatment induced dose-dependent cell proliferation. The key fatty acids that were increased by LSF treatment of the retinal cells include oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid. LSF treatment also increased levels of the lipid classes phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl ester and oxo-phytodienoic acid but decreased levels of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids. Conclusions: We propose that retinal cells at risk of oxidative damage and apoptosis can be pre-conditioned with LSF to regulate levels of selected fatty acids and lipids known to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A. Kwa
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Nabeela K. Dulull
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Thusitha W. Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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356
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Kwa FA, Dulull NK, Roessner U, Dias DA, Rupasinghe TW. Lipidomics reveal the protective effects of a vegetable-derived isothiocyanate against retinal degeneration. F1000Res 2019; 8:1067. [PMID: 33145006 PMCID: PMC7590896 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19598.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the ageing population. Without effective treatment strategies that can prevent disease progression, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of vision loss and improve patients' quality of life. Dysfunctional innate immune responses to oxidative stress observed in AMD can be caused by the formation of oxidised lipids, whilst polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown to increase the risk of AMD and disease progression in affected individuals. Previously, our laboratory has shown that the vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane (LSF), can protect human adult pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by upregulating gene expression of the oxidative stress enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferase µ1. This study aims to validate the protective effects of LSF on human retinal cells under oxidative stress conditions and to reveal the key players in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that may facilitate this protection. Methods: The in vitro oxidative stress model of AMD was based on the exposure of an adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 cell line to 200µM hydrogen peroxide. Percentage cell proliferation following LSF treatment was measured using tetrazolium salt-based assays. Untargeted fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress conditions, LSF treatment induced dose-dependent cell proliferation. The key fatty acids that were increased by LSF treatment of the retinal cells include oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid. LSF treatment also increased levels of the lipid classes phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl ester and oxo-phytodienoic acid but decreased levels of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids. Conclusions: We propose that retinal cells at risk of oxidative damage and apoptosis can be pre-conditioned with LSF to regulate levels of selected fatty acids and lipids known to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A. Kwa
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Nabeela K. Dulull
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Thusitha W. Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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357
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Kwa FA, Dulull NK, Roessner U, Dias DA, Rupasinghe TW. Lipidomics reveal the protective effects of a vegetable-derived isothiocyanate against retinal degeneration. F1000Res 2019; 8:1067. [PMID: 33145006 PMCID: PMC7590896 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19598.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 03/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the ageing population. Without effective treatment strategies that can prevent disease progression, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of vision loss and improve patients' quality of life. Dysfunctional innate immune responses to oxidative stress observed in AMD can be caused by the formation of oxidised lipids, whilst polyunsaturated fatty acids have shown to increase the risk of AMD and disease progression in affected individuals. Previously, our laboratory has shown that the vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, L-sulforaphane (LSF), can protect human adult pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by upregulating gene expression of the oxidative stress enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferase µ1. This study aims to validate the protective effects of LSF on human retinal cells under oxidative stress conditions and to reveal the key players in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that may facilitate this protection. Methods: The in vitro oxidative stress model of AMD was based on the exposure of an adult retinal pigment epithelium-19 cell line to 200µM hydrogen peroxide. Percentage cell proliferation following LSF treatment was measured using tetrazolium salt-based assays. Untargeted fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress conditions, LSF treatment induced dose-dependent cell proliferation. The key fatty acids that were increased by LSF treatment of the retinal cells include oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid. LSF treatment also increased levels of the lipid classes phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl ester and oxo-phytodienoic acid but decreased levels of phosphatidylethanolamine lipids. Conclusions: We propose that retinal cells at risk of oxidative damage and apoptosis can be pre-conditioned with LSF to regulate levels of selected fatty acids and lipids known to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A. Kwa
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistic, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Nabeela K. Dulull
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Thusitha W. Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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358
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Photoreceptor cell replacement in macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa: A pluripotent stem cell-based approach. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 71:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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359
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Barnstable CJ. Pluripotential stem cells as replacement therapy in degenerative diseases of the eye. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S156. [PMID: 31576363 PMCID: PMC6685874 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Barnstable
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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360
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A model of ganglion axon pathways accounts for percepts elicited by retinal implants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9199. [PMID: 31235711 PMCID: PMC6591412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration cause irreversible vision loss in more than 10 million people worldwide. Retinal prostheses, now implanted in over 250 patients worldwide, electrically stimulate surviving cells in order to evoke neuronal responses that are interpreted by the brain as visual percepts ('phosphenes'). However, instead of seeing focal spots of light, current implant users perceive highly distorted phosphenes that vary in shape both across subjects and electrodes. We characterized these distortions by asking users of the Argus retinal prosthesis system (Second Sight Medical Products Inc.) to draw electrically elicited percepts on a touchscreen. Using ophthalmic fundus imaging and computational modeling, we show that elicited percepts can be accurately predicted by the topographic organization of optic nerve fiber bundles in each subject's retina, successfully replicating visual percepts ranging from 'blobs' to oriented 'streaks' and 'wedges' depending on the retinal location of the stimulating electrode. This provides the first evidence that activation of passing axon fibers accounts for the rich repertoire of phosphene shape commonly reported in psychophysical experiments, which can severely distort the quality of the generated visual experience. Overall our findings argue for more detailed modeling of biological detail across neural engineering applications.
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361
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De Luca M, Aiuti A, Cossu G, Parmar M, Pellegrini G, Robey PG. Advances in stem cell research and therapeutic development. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:801-811. [PMID: 31209293 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite many reports of putative stem-cell-based treatments in genetic and degenerative disorders or severe injuries, the number of proven stem cell therapies has remained small. In this Review, we survey advances in stem cell research and describe the cell types that are currently being used in the clinic or are close to clinical trials. Finally, we analyse the scientific rationale, experimental approaches, caveats and results underpinning the clinical use of such stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) and Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pamela Gehron Robey
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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362
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Panneman EL, Coric D, Tran LMD, de Vries-Knoppert WAEJ, Petzold A. Progression of Anterograde Trans-Synaptic Degeneration in the Human Retina Is Modulated by Axonal Convergence and Divergence. Neuroophthalmology 2019; 43:382-390. [PMID: 32165897 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2019.1599027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the visual pathway of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina is a tight barrier for retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration. In this observational, retrospective cross-sectional study, segmented macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans were reviewed to investigate if this observation also holds true for anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration. Significant thinning was found in all retinal layers in patients with outer retinal diseases compared with the healthy controls, while there was no significant attenuation of the outer retina in patients with MS. In contrast to the tight barrier function observed with retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration, the INL appears to be more permissive for the propagation of anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration. We speculate that this may be due to the size of the area affected and be explained by convergence and divergence of axons within the retinal layers. These findings are likely relevant to future restorative stem cell treatment of the outer retinal layers, as time may matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Panneman
- Expertisecentre Neuro-Ophthalmology, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Coric
- Expertisecentre Neuro-Ophthalmology, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Centre Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M D Tran
- Expertisecentre Neuro-Ophthalmology, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W A E J de Vries-Knoppert
- Expertisecentre Neuro-Ophthalmology, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Petzold
- Expertisecentre Neuro-Ophthalmology, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Centre Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road & National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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363
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Woolf AS. Growing a new human kidney. Kidney Int 2019; 96:871-882. [PMID: 31399199 PMCID: PMC6856720 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are 3 reasons to generate a new human kidney. The first is to learn more about the biology of the developing and mature organ. The second is to generate tissues with which to model congenital and acquired kidney diseases. In particular, growing human kidneys in this manner ultimately should help us understand the mechanisms of common chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and others featuring fibrosis, as well as nephrotoxicity. The third reason is to provide functional kidney tissues that can be used directly in regenerative medicine therapies. The second and third reasons to grow new human kidneys are especially compelling given the millions of persons worldwide whose lives depend on a functioning kidney transplant or long-term dialysis, as well as those with end-stage renal disease who die prematurely because they are unable to access these treatments. As shown in this review, the aim to create healthy human kidney tissues has been partially realized. Moreover, the technology shows promise in terms of modeling genetic disease. In contrast, barely the first steps have been taken toward modeling nongenetic chronic kidney diseases or using newly grown human kidney tissue for regenerative medicine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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364
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Hackland JOS, Shelar PB, Sandhu N, Prasad MS, Charney RM, Gomez GA, Frith TJR, García-Castro MI. FGF Modulates the Axial Identity of Trunk hPSC-Derived Neural Crest but Not the Cranial-Trunk Decision. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:920-933. [PMID: 31091435 PMCID: PMC6524753 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient embryonic tissue that gives rise to a multitude of derivatives in an axially restricted manner. An in vitro counterpart to neural crest can be derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and can be used to study neural crest ontogeny and neurocristopathies, and to generate cells for therapeutic purposes. In order to successfully do this, it is critical to define the specific conditions required to generate neural crest of different axial identities, as regional restriction in differentiation potential is partly cell intrinsic. WNT and FGF signaling have been implicated as inducers of posterior fate, but the exact role that these signals play in trunk neural crest formation remains unclear. Here, we present a fully defined, xeno-free system for generating trunk neural crest from hPSCs and show that FGF signaling directs cells toward different axial identities within the trunk compartment while WNT signaling is the primary determinant of trunk versus cranial identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O S Hackland
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Patrick B Shelar
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nabjot Sandhu
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maneeshi S Prasad
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Gustavo A Gomez
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas J R Frith
- University of Sheffield, Department of Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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365
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Beyeler M. Commentary: Detailed Visual Cortical Responses Generated by Retinal Sheet Transplants in Rats With Severe Retinal Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:471. [PMID: 31133795 PMCID: PMC6524404 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beyeler
- Vision and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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366
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Schiff L, Boles NC, Fernandes M, Nachmani B, Gentile R, Blenkinsop TA. P38 inhibition reverses TGFβ1 and TNFα-induced contraction in a model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Commun Biol 2019; 2:162. [PMID: 31069271 PMCID: PMC6499805 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a metaplasia in the vitreous of the eye manifested by the transformation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the development of contracting epiretinal membranes (ERM), which lead to retinal detachment and vision loss. While TGFβ1 and TNFα have been associated with PVR, here we show that these cytokines act synergistically to induce an aggressive contraction phenotype on adult human (ah)RPE. Connected RPE detach upon contraction and form motile membranes that recruit more cells. TGFβ1 and TNFα (TNT)-induced contracting membranes uniquely express muscle and extracellular rearrangement genes. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing of patient-dissected PVR membranes showed activation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Inhibition of p38 during TNT treatment blocks ahRPE transformation and membrane contraction. Furthermore, TNT-induced membrane contractility can be reversed by p38 inhibition after induction. Therefore, targeting the p38-MAPK pathway may have therapeutic benefits for patients with PVR even after the onset of contracting ERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Schiff
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | | | - Marie Fernandes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Bar Nachmani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Ronald Gentile
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Timothy A. Blenkinsop
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY 10029 USA
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367
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Blau
- From the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.M.B.); and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.Q.D.)
| | - George Q Daley
- From the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.M.B.); and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.Q.D.)
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368
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Wood EH, Tang PH, De la Huerta I, Korot E, Muscat S, Palanker DA, Williams GA. STEM CELL THERAPIES, GENE-BASED THERAPIES, OPTOGENETICS, AND RETINAL PROSTHETICS: Current State and Implications for the Future. Retina 2019; 39:820-835. [PMID: 30664120 PMCID: PMC6492547 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and discuss current innovations and future implications of promising biotechnology and biomedical offerings in the field of retina. We focus on therapies that have already emerged as clinical offerings or are poised to do so. METHODS Literature review and commentary focusing on stem cell therapies, gene-based therapies, optogenetic therapies, and retinal prosthetic devices. RESULTS The technologies discussed herein are some of the more recent promising biotechnology and biomedical developments within the field of retina. Retinal prosthetic devices and gene-based therapies both have an FDA-approved product for ophthalmology, and many other offerings (including optogenetics) are in the pipeline. Stem cell therapies offer personalized medicine through novel regenerative mechanisms but entail complex ethical and reimbursement challenges. CONCLUSION Stem cell therapies, gene-based therapies, optogenetics, and retinal prosthetic devices represent a new era of biotechnological and biomedical progress. These bring new ethical, regulatory, care delivery, and reimbursement challenges. By addressing these issues proactively, we may accelerate delivery of care to patients in a safe, efficient, and value-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter H Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Edward Korot
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
| | | | - Daniel A Palanker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - George A Williams
- Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, Michigan
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
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369
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Zarbin M, Sugino I, Townes‐Anderson E. Concise Review: Update on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:466-477. [PMID: 30748126 PMCID: PMC6477002 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal cell therapy can have the objectives of rescue (i.e., modulation of metabolic abnormalities primarily for sight preservation) as well as replacement (i.e., replace cells lost due to injury or disease for sight restoration as well as preservation). The first clinical trials of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation for vision-threatening complications of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have begun with some preliminary signs of success (e.g., improvement in vision in some patients, anatomic evidence of transplant-host integration with some evidence of host photoreceptor recovery, long-term survival of autologous induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE transplants without immune suppression) as well as limitations (e.g., limited RPE suspension survival in the AMD eye, limited tolerance for long-term systemic immune suppression in elderly patients, suggestion of uncontrolled cell proliferation in the vitreous cavity). RPE survival on aged and AMD Bruch's membrane can be improved with chemical treatment, which may enhance the efficacy of RPE suspension transplants in AMD patients. Retinal detachment, currently used to deliver transplanted RPE cells to the subretinal space, induces disjunction of the first synapse in the visual pathway: the photoreceptor-bipolar synapse. This synaptic change occurs even in areas of attached retina near the locus of detachment. Synaptic disjunction and photoreceptor apoptosis associated with retinal detachment can be reduced with Rho kinase inhibitors. Addition of Rho kinase inhibitors may improve retinal function and photoreceptor survival after subretinal delivery of cells either in suspension or on scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zarbin
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceRutgers‐New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ilene Sugino
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceRutgers‐New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ellen Townes‐Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and NeuroscienceRutgers‐New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNew JerseyUSA
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370
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García Delgado AB, de la Cerda B, Alba Amador J, Valdés Sánchez ML, Fernández-Muñoz B, Relimpio López I, Rodríguez de la Rúa E, Díez Lloret A, Calado SM, Sánchez Pernaute R, Bhattacharya SS, Díaz Corrales FJ. Subretinal Transplant of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium on Nanostructured Fibrin-Agarose. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:799-808. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. García Delgado
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Berta de la Cerda
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Julia Alba Amador
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular, Iniciativa Andaluza en Terapias Avanzadas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Lourdes Valdés Sánchez
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular, Iniciativa Andaluza en Terapias Avanzadas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Relimpio López
- University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- RETICS Oftared, Carlos III Institute of Health (Spain), Ministry of Health RD16/0008/0010, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez de la Rúa
- University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
- RETICS Oftared, Carlos III Institute of Health (Spain), Ministry of Health RD16/0008/0010, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrea Díez Lloret
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez Pernaute
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular, Iniciativa Andaluza en Terapias Avanzadas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Shom S. Bhattacharya
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Díaz Corrales
- Regeneration and Cell Therapy Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
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371
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372
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Abstract
Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC was founded by Mark Humayun, MD, PhD, and David R. Hinton, MD, from the University of Southern California; and Dennis O. Clegg, PhD, from the University of California, Santa Barbara. The technology to produce the stem cell-based retinal implant is exclusively licensed to Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC from the University of Southern California, the California Institute of Technology, and the University of California, Santa Barbara. Humayun and Hinton have an equity interest in and are consultants for Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC.
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373
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Takagi S, Mandai M, Gocho K, Hirami Y, Yamamoto M, Fujihara M, Sugita S, Kurimoto Y, Takahashi M. Evaluation of Transplanted Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 3:850-859. [PMID: 31248784 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the results after 4 years of follow-up in a previously presented first case of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) sheet autologous transplantation using multimodal imaging. DESIGN Follow-up of a single case. PARTICIPANT A patient with exudative age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. METHODS Transplantation of an autologous iPSC-derived RPE cell sheet after removal of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in September 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The function of the graft was assessed 4 years after surgery by color fundus photography, spectral-domain (SD) OCT, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and an adaptive optics (AO) retinal camera. RESULTS At the 4-year follow-up, the transplanted autologous iPSC-derived RPE sheet had survived beneath the retina with slight expansion of the pigmented area and no adverse events. The outer nuclear layer above and adjacent to the graft showed acceptable thickness and an organized structure. Fluorescein angiography and SD OCT suggested the presence of vessel-like structures confined to the grafted area associated with the remaining trunk vessel of preoperative polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy but with no exudative changes. Visual acuity has been stable with no additional injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent. The choroidal volume at the graft site is relatively preserved when compared with the volume outside this site without RPE after removal of the CNV. Indocyanine green angiography revealed a preserved choriocapillaris around the iPSC-derived RPE sheet. Dark cell-like structures with a predominantly hexagonal arrangement were observed by AO imaging in an area located near the margin of the graft sheet. The average intercell distance was found to be stable over time. CONCLUSIONS Thus far, the grafted iPSC-derived RPE sheet has survived for 4 years and seems to support photoreceptors and choroidal vessels. The morphologic characteristics of the RPE are observed at the transplant site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University, University Hospital Mizonokuchi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kiyoko Gocho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokuso Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sunao Sugita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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374
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Maeda A, Mandai M, Takahashi M. Gene and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy for Retinal Diseases. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:201-216. [PMID: 31018110 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Given the importance of visual information to many daily activities, retinal degenerative diseases-which include both inherited conditions (such as retinitis pigmentosa) and acquired conditions (such as age-related macular degeneration)-can have a dramatic impact on human lives. The therapeutic options for these diseases remain limited. Since the discovery of the first causal gene for retinitis pigmentosa almost three decades ago, more than 250 genes have been identified, and gene therapies have been rapidly developed. Simultaneously, stem cell technologies such as induced pluripotent stem cell-based transplantation have advanced and have been applied to the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Here, we review recent progress in these expanding fields and discuss the potential for precision medicine in ophthalmic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Maeda
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan;
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan;
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; .,Kobe City Eye Center Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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375
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Scruggs BA, Jiao C, Cranston CM, Kaalberg E, Wang K, Russell SR, Wiley LA, Mullins RF, Stone EM, Tucker BA, Sohn EH. Optimizing Donor Cellular Dissociation and Subretinal Injection Parameters for Stem Cell-Based Treatments. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:797-809. [PMID: 31004408 PMCID: PMC6646699 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Subretinal delivery of stem cell‐derived retinal cells as a strategy to treat retinal degenerative blindness holds great promise. Currently, two clinical trials are underway in which human fetal retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are being delivered to patients by intravitreal or subretinal injection to preserve or restore vision, respectively. With the advent of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), and in turn three‐dimensional derivation of retinal tissue, it is now possible to generate autologous RPCs for cell replacement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of commonly used cell isolation and surgical manipulation strategies on donor cell viability. iPSC‐RPCs were subjected to various conditions, including different dissociation and isolation methods, injection cannula sizes, and preinjection storage temperatures and times. The effects of commonly used surgical techniques on both host and donor cell viability were evaluated in Yucatan mini‐pigs (n = 61 eyes). We found a significant increase in cell viability when papain was used for RPC isolation. In addition, a significant decrease in cell viability was detected when using the 41G cannula compared with 31G and at storage times of 4 hours compared with 30 minutes. Although 96.4% of all eyes demonstrated spontaneous retinal reattachment following injection, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) abnormalities were seen more frequently in eyes receiving injections via a 31G cannula; interestingly, eyes that received cell suspensions were relatively protected against such RPE changes. These findings indicate that optimization of donor cell isolation and delivery parameters should be considered when developing a subretinal cell replacement strategy. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:797&809
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni A Scruggs
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chunhua Jiao
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Cathryn M Cranston
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Emily Kaalberg
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stephen R Russell
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Luke A Wiley
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Elliott H Sohn
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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376
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377
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Waugh N, Loveman E, Colquitt J, Royle P, Yeong JL, Hoad G, Lois N. Treatments for dry age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2019; 22:1-168. [PMID: 29846169 DOI: 10.3310/hta22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual loss in older people. Advanced AMD takes two forms, neovascular (wet) and atrophic (dry). Stargardt disease (STGD) is the commonest form of inherited macular dystrophy. OBJECTIVE To carry out a systematic review of treatments for dry AMD and STGD, and to identify emerging treatments where future NIHR research might be commissioned. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library from 2005 to 13 July 2017 for reviews, journal articles and meeting abstracts. We looked for studies of interventions that aim to preserve or restore vision in people with dry AMD or STGD. The most important outcomes are those that matter to patients: visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, reading speed, ability to drive, adverse effects of treatment, quality of life, progression of disease and patient preference. However, visual loss is a late event and intermediate predictors of future decline were accepted if there was good evidence that they are strong predictors of subsequent visual outcomes. These include changes detectable by investigation, but not necessarily noticed by people with AMD or STGD. ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization search portal and the UK Clinical Trials gateway were searched for ongoing and recently completed clinical trials. RESULTS The titles and abstracts of 7948 articles were screened for inclusion. The full text of 398 articles were obtained for further screening and checking of references and 112 articles were included in the final report. Overall, there were disappointingly few good-quality studies (including of sufficient size and duration) reporting useful outcomes, particularly in STGD. However we did identify a number of promising research topics, including drug treatments, stem cells, new forms of laser treatment, and implantable intraocular lens telescopes. In many cases, research is already under way, funded by industry or governments. LIMITATIONS In AMD, the main limitation came from the poor quality of much of the evidence. Many studies used VA as their main outcome despite not having sufficient duration to observe changes. The evidence on treatments for STGD is sparse. Most studies tested interventions with no comparison group, were far too short term, and the quality of some studies was poor. FUTURE WORK We think that the topics on which the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Efficacy Mechanism and Evaluation (EME) programmes might consider commissioning primary research are in STGD, a HTA trial of fenretinide (ReVision Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA), a visual cycle inhibitor, and EME research into the value of lutein and zeaxanthin supplements, using short-term measures of retinal function. In AMD, we suggest trials of fenretinide and of a potent statin. There is epidemiological evidence from the USA that the drug, levodopa, used for treating Parkinson's disease, may reduce the incidence of AMD. We suggest that similar research should be carried out using the large general practice databases in the UK. Ideally, future research should be at earlier stages in both diseases, before vision is impaired, using sensitive measures of macular function. This may require early detection of AMD by screening. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016038708. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research HTA programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Waugh
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Pamela Royle
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Noemi Lois
- Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Wellcome-Wolfson Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, UK
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378
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Makabe K, Sugita S, Hono A, Kamao H, Takahashi M. Mycoplasma Ocular Infection in Subretinal Graft Transplantation of iPS Cells-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:1298-1308. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Makabe
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sunao Sugita
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hono
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
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379
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Nirwan RS, Albini TA, Sridhar J, Flynn HW, Kuriyan AE. Assessing "Cell Therapy" Clinics Offering Treatments of Ocular Conditions using Direct-to-Consumer Marketing Websites in the United States. Ophthalmology 2019; 126:1350-1355. [PMID: 30904542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE "Cell therapy" is becoming increasingly available to the public via online direct-to-consumer advertisement within the United States (U.S.). The current study investigates the scope of "cell therapy" clinics across the U.S. that advertise and offer "cell therapy" for ocular conditions based on information provided on their websites. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS The study included companies that are U.S.-based, participate in direct-to-consumer online marketing, have websites that can be data-mined with content analysis, and advertise therapy for ocular conditions. METHODS Using a systematic, extensive keyword-based Internet search, content analysis of company websites was utilized to identify, document, and analyze U.S. businesses marketing "cell therapy" for ocular conditions as of September 16, 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinic locations, source of stem cells used, route of administration, marketed ocular conditions, and cost of treatment. RESULTS Forty companies with 76 clinics use "cell therapy" to treat ocular conditions. California (23), Florida (12), and Illinois (10) contain the most clinics. All 40 companies specified sources of cells, which included autologous adipose-derived stem cells (35; 67%), autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells (8; 15%), amniotic stem cells (2; 4%), peripheral blood-derived stem cells (2; 4%), umbilical cord blood stem cells (2; 4%), allogenic bone marrow-derived stem cells (1; 2%), placental stem cells (1; 2%), and xenocells (1; 2%). The most commonly marketed ocular conditions included macular degeneration (35), optic neuritis (18), retinitis pigmentosa (17), and diabetic retinopathy (16). The most common routes of administration were intravenous (22) and "unspecified" (12); however, other companies listed more ocular-specific routes such as intravitreal injections (2), retrobulbar injections (2), eye injections (2), retrofundal injection (1), sub-Tenon injection (1), intraocular injection with vitrectomy (1), and eye drops (1). The cost of advertised "cell therapy" ranged from $4000 to $10 500. CONCLUSIONS "Cell therapy" for ocular conditions is readily available via direct-to-consumer marketing strategies across the United States. The "cells" are harvested from numerous sources and administered through different methods for multiple ocular conditions at these "cell therapy" clinics. Limited data for these treatments necessitates advocating caution to physicians and patients about treatments offered at commercial "cell therapy" clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A Albini
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Harry W Flynn
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ajay E Kuriyan
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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380
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Ho MT, Teal CJ, Shoichet MS. A hyaluronan/methylcellulose-based hydrogel for local cell and biomolecule delivery to the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:46-54. [PMID: 30898580 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine strategies rely on exogenous cell transplantation and/or endogenous cell stimulation. Biomaterials can help to increase the regenerative potential of cells and biomolecules by controlling transplanted cell fate and provide a local, sustained release of biomolecules. In this review, we describe the use of a hyaluronan/methylcellulose (HAMC)-based hydrogel as a delivery vehicle to the brain, spinal cord, and retina to promote cellular survival and tissue repair. We discuss various controlled release strategies to prolong the delivery of factors for neuroprotection. The versatility of this hydrogel for a diversity of applications highlights its potential to enhance cell- and biomolecule-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T Ho
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carter J Teal
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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381
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De Sousa PA, Ritchie D, Green A, Chandran S, Knight R, Head MW. Renewed assessment of the risk of emergent advanced cell therapies to transmit neuroproteinopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:363-377. [PMID: 30483944 PMCID: PMC6514076 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inadvertent transmission of long incubating, untreatable and fatal neurodegenerative prionopathies, notably iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, following transplantation of cadaver-derived corneas, pituitary growth, hormones and dura mater, constitutes a historical precedent which has underpinned the application of precautionary principles to modern day advanced cell therapies. To date these have been reflected by geographic or medical history risk-based deferral of tissue donors. Emergent understanding of other prion-like proteinopathies, their potential independence from prions as a transmissible agent and the variable capability of scalably manufacturable stem cells and derivatives to take up and clear or to propagate prions, substantiate further commitment to qualifying neurodegenerative proteinopathy transmission risks. This is especially so for those involving direct or facilitated access to a recipient’s brain or connected visual or nervous system such as for the treatment of stroke, retinal and adult onset neurodegenerative diseases, treatments for which have already commenced. In this review, we assess the prospective global dissemination of advanced cell therapies founded on transplantation or exposure to allogeneic human cells, recap lessons learned from the historical precedents of CJD transmission and review recent advances and current limits in understanding of prion and other neurodegenerative disease prion-like susceptibility and transmission. From these we propose grounds for a reassessment of the risks of emergent advanced cell therapies to transmit neuroproteinopathies and suggestions to ACT developers and regulators for risk mitigation and extension of criteria for deferrals.
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382
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Attwood SW, Edel MJ. iPS-Cell Technology and the Problem of Genetic Instability-Can It Ever Be Safe for Clinical Use? J Clin Med 2019; 8:E288. [PMID: 30823421 PMCID: PMC6462964 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC) as a source of autologous tissues shows great promise in regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, several major challenges remain to be addressed before iPSC-derived cells can be used in therapy, and experience of their clinical use is extremely limited. In this review, the factors affecting the safe translation of iPSC to the clinic are considered, together with an account of efforts being made to overcome these issues. The review draws upon experiences with pluripotent stem-cell therapeutics, including clinical trials involving human embryonic stem cells and the widely transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. The discussion covers concerns relating to: (i) the reprogramming process; (ii) the detection and removal of incompletely differentiated and pluripotent cells from the resulting medicinal products; and (iii) genomic and epigenetic changes, and the evolutionary and selective processes occurring during culture expansion, associated with production of iPSC-therapeutics. In addition, (iv) methods for the practical culture-at-scale and standardization required for routine clinical use are considered. Finally, (v) the potential of iPSC in the treatment of human disease is evaluated in the light of what is known about the reprogramming process, the behavior of cells in culture, and the performance of iPSC in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Attwood
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Michael J Edel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
- Control of Pluripotency Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
- Harry Perkins Research Institute, Fiona Stanley Hospital, University of Western Australia, PO Box 404, Bull Creek, Western Australia 6149, Australia.
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383
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Hanovice NJ, Leach LL, Slater K, Gabriel AE, Romanovicz D, Shao E, Collery R, Burton EA, Lathrop KL, Link BA, Gross JM. Regeneration of the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium after widespread genetic ablation. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007939. [PMID: 30695061 PMCID: PMC6368336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized monolayer of pigmented cells within the eye that is critical for maintaining visual system function. Diseases affecting the RPE have dire consequences for vision, and the most prevalent of these is atrophic (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is thought to result from RPE dysfunction and degeneration. An intriguing possibility for treating RPE degenerative diseases like atrophic AMD is the stimulation of endogenous RPE regeneration; however, very little is known about the mechanisms driving successful RPE regeneration in vivo. Here, we developed a zebrafish transgenic model (rpe65a:nfsB-eGFP) that enabled ablation of large swathes of mature RPE. RPE ablation resulted in rapid RPE degeneration, as well as degeneration of Bruch’s membrane and underlying photoreceptors. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time that zebrafish are capable of regenerating a functional RPE monolayer after RPE ablation. Regenerated RPE cells first appear at the periphery of the RPE, and regeneration proceeds in a peripheral-to-central fashion. RPE ablation elicits a robust proliferative response in the remaining RPE. Subsequently, proliferative cells move into the injury site and differentiate into RPE. BrdU incorporation assays demonstrate that the regenerated RPE is likely derived from remaining peripheral RPE cells. Pharmacological disruption using IWR-1, a Wnt signaling antagonist, significantly reduces cell proliferation in the RPE and impairs overall RPE recovery. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish RPE possesses a robust capacity for regeneration and highlight a potential mechanism through which endogenous RPE regenerate in vivo. Diseases resulting in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration are among the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and no therapy exists that can replace RPE or restore lost vision. One intriguing possibility is the development of therapies focused on stimulating endogenous RPE regeneration. For this to be possible, we must first gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying RPE regeneration. Here, we develop a transgenic zebrafish system through which we ablate large swathes of mature RPE and demonstrate that zebrafish regenerate RPE after widespread injury. Injury-adjacent RPE proliferate and regenerate RPE, suggesting that they are the source of regenerated tissue. Finally, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling may be involved in RPE regeneration. These findings establish a versatile in vivo model through which the molecular and cellular underpinnings of RPE regeneration can be further characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Hanovice
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lyndsay L. Leach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kayleigh Slater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ana E. Gabriel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dwight Romanovicz
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Enhua Shao
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Tsinghua University Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ross Collery
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Burton
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kira L. Lathrop
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Link
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Gross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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384
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Eguizabal C, Aran B, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Geens M, Heindryckx B, Panula S, Popovic M, Vassena R, Veiga A. Two decades of embryonic stem cells: a historical overview. Hum Reprod Open 2019; 2019:hoy024. [PMID: 30895264 PMCID: PMC6396646 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How did the field of stem cell research develop in the years following the derivation of the first human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line? SUMMARY ANSWER Supported by the increasing number of clinical trials to date, significant technological advances in the past two decades have brought us ever closer to clinical therapies derived from pluripotent cells. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Since their discovery 20 years ago, the use of human pluripotent stem cells has progressed tremendously from bench to bedside. Here, we provide a concise review of the main keystones of this journey and focus on ongoing clinical trials, while indicating the most relevant future research directions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a historical narrative, including relevant publications in the field of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) derivation and differentiation, recounted both through scholarly research of published evidence and interviews of six pioneers who participated in some of the most relevant discoveries in the field. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The authors all contributed by researching the literature and agreed upon body of works. Portions of the interviews of the field pioneers have been integrated into the review and have also been included in full for advanced reader interest. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The stem cell field is ever expanding. We find that in the 20 years since the derivation of the first hESC lines, several relevant developments have shaped the pluripotent cell field, from the discovery of different states of pluripotency, the derivation of induced PSC, the refinement of differentiation protocols with several clinical trials underway, as well as the recent development of organoids. The challenge for the years to come will be to validate and refine PSCs for clinical use, from the production of highly defined cell populations in clinical grade conditions to the possibility of creating replacement organoids for functional, if not anatomical, function restoration. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is a non-systematic review of current literature. Some references may have escaped the experts’ analysis due to the exceedingly diverse nature of the field. As the field of regenerative medicine is rapidly advancing, some of the most recent developments may have not been captured entirely. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The multi-disciplinary nature and tremendous potential of the stem cell field has important implications for basic as well as translational research. Recounting these activities will serve to provide an in-depth overview of the field, fostering a further understanding of human stem cell and developmental biology. The comprehensive overview of clinical trials and expert opinions included in this narrative may serve as a valuable scientific resource, supporting future efforts in translational approaches. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) ESHRE provided funding for the authors’ on-site meeting and discussion during the preparation of this manuscript. S.M.C.S.L. is funded by the European Research Council Consolidator (ERC-CoG-725722-OVOGROWTH). M.P. is supported by the Special Research Fund, Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds (BOF01D08114). M.G. is supported by the Methusalem grant of Vrije Universiteit Brussel, in the name of Prof. Karen Sermon and by Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT, Project Number: 150042). A.V. and B.A. are supported by the Plataforma de Proteomica, Genotipado y Líneas Celulares (PT1770019/0015) (PRB3), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Research grant to B.H. by the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) (FWO.KAN.2016.0005.01 and FWO.Project G051516N). There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable. ESHRE Pages are not externally peer reviewed. This article has been approved by the Executive Committee of ESHRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eguizabal
- Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Group, Basque Center for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Barrio Labeaga S/N, Galdakao, Spain
| | - B Aran
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Centre of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Ghent Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Geens
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Univeristeit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette (Brussels), Belgium
| | - B Heindryckx
- Ghent Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Panula
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Popovic
- Ghent Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - A Veiga
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Centre of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Dexeus Mujer, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
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385
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Mandal N, Lotery AJ. Multimodal imaging of late-onset retinal degeneration complicated by bilateral choroidal neovascularization. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1020-1027. [PMID: 30692649 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Mandal
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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386
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Yanai A, McNab P, Gregory-Evans K. Retinal therapy with induced pluripotent stem cells; leading the way to human clinical trials. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1568872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pia McNab
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin Gregory-Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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387
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Cell Therapy for Retinal Dystrophies: From Cell Suspension Formulation to Complex Retinal Tissue Bioengineering. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4568979. [PMID: 30809263 PMCID: PMC6364130 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4568979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is an irreversible phenomenon caused by various disease conditions including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). During the course of these diseases, photoreceptors (PRs) are susceptible to degeneration due to their malfunctions or to a primary dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Once lost, these cells could not be endogenously regenerated in humans, and cell therapy to replace the lost cells is one of the promising strategies to recover vision. Depending on the nature of the primary defect and the stage of the disease, RPE cells, PRs, or both might be transplanted to achieve therapeutic effects. We describe in this review the current knowledge and recent progress to develop such approaches. The different cell sources proposed for cell therapy including human pluripotent stem cells are presented with their advantages and limits. Another critical aspect described herein is the pharmaceutical formulation of the end product to be delivered into the eye of patients. Finally, we also outline the future research directions in order to develop a complex multilayered retinal tissue for end-stage patients.
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388
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Bloch E, Luo Y, da Cruz L. Advances in retinal prosthesis systems. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2019; 11:2515841418817501. [PMID: 30729233 PMCID: PMC6350159 DOI: 10.1177/2515841418817501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal prosthesis systems have undergone significant advances in the past quarter century, resulting in the development of several different novel surgical and engineering approaches. Encouraging results have demonstrated partial visual restoration, with improvement in both coarse objective function and performance of everyday tasks. To date, four systems have received marketing approval for use in Europe or the United States, with numerous others undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation, reflecting the established safety profile of these devices for chronic implantation. This progress represents the first notion that the field of visual restorative medicine could offer blind patients a hope of real and measurable benefit. However, there are numerous complex engineering and biophysical obstacles still to be overcome, to reconcile the gap that remains between artificial and natural vision. Current developments in the form of enhanced image processing algorithms and data transfer approaches, combined with emerging nanofabrication and conductive polymerization techniques, herald an exciting and innovative future for retinal prosthetics. This review provides an update of retinal prosthetic systems currently undergoing development and clinical trials while also addressing future challenges in the field, such as the assessment of functional outcomes in ultra-low vision and strategies for tackling existing hardware and software constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Bloch
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Luo
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lyndon da Cruz
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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389
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Sharma R, Khristov V, Rising A, Jha BS, Dejene R, Hotaling N, Li Y, Stoddard J, Stankewicz C, Wan Q, Zhang C, Campos MM, Miyagishima KJ, McGaughey D, Villasmil R, Mattapallil M, Stanzel B, Qian H, Wong W, Chase L, Charles S, McGill T, Miller S, Maminishkis A, Amaral J, Bharti K. Clinical-grade stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium patch rescues retinal degeneration in rodents and pigs. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaat5580. [PMID: 30651323 PMCID: PMC8784963 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat5580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in testing stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a potential therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the recent reports of oncogenic mutations in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) underlie the need for robust manufacturing and functional validation of clinical-grade iPSC-derived RPE before transplantation. Here, we developed oncogenic mutation-free clinical-grade iPSCs from three AMD patients and differentiated them into clinical-grade iPSC-RPE patches on biodegradable scaffolds. Functional validation of clinical-grade iPSC-RPE patches revealed specific features that distinguished transplantable from nontransplantable patches. Compared to RPE cells in suspension, our biodegradable scaffold approach improved integration and functionality of RPE patches in rats and in a porcine laser-induced RPE injury model that mimics AMD-like eye conditions. Our results suggest that the in vitro and in vivo preclinical functional validation of iPSC-RPE patches developed here might ultimately be useful for evaluation and optimization of autologous iPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Khristov
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aaron Rising
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Balendu Shekhar Jha
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roba Dejene
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathan Hotaling
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yichao Li
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Stoddard
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Casey Stankewicz
- Cellular Dynamics International Inc. (a FUJIFILM company), Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Qin Wan
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Connie Zhang
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Kiyoharu J Miyagishima
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David McGaughey
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Functional Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Villasmil
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Boris Stanzel
- Macula Center Saar, Sulzbach Knappschaft Eye Clinic, Sulzbach/Saar 66280, Germany
| | - Haohua Qian
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wai Wong
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucas Chase
- Cellular Dynamics International Inc. (a FUJIFILM company), Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | | | - Trevor McGill
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sheldon Miller
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan Amaral
- Office of Scientific Director, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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390
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Establishing Liposome-Immobilized Dexamethasone-Releasing PDMS Membrane for the Cultivation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Suppression of Neovascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020241. [PMID: 30634448 PMCID: PMC6358770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the eye disease with the highest epidemic incidence, and has great impact on the aged population. Wet-type AMD commonly has the feature of neovascularization, which destroys the normal retinal structure and visual function. So far, effective therapy options for rescuing visual function in advanced AMD patients are highly limited, especially in wet-type AMD, in which the retinal pigmented epithelium and Bruch's membrane structure (RPE-BM) are destroyed by abnormal angiogenesis. Anti-VEGF treatment is an effective remedy for the latter type of AMD; however, it is not a curative therapy. Therefore, reconstruction of the complex structure of RPE-BM and controlled release of angiogenesis inhibitors are strongly required for sustained therapy. The major purpose of this study was to develop a dual function biomimetic material, which could mimic the RPE-BM structure and ensure slow release of angiogenesis inhibitor as a novel therapeutic strategy for wet AMD. We herein utilized plasma-modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet to create a biomimetic scaffold mimicking subretinal BM. This dual-surface biomimetic scaffold was coated with laminin and dexamethasone-loaded liposomes. The top surface of PDMS was covalently grafted with laminin and used for cultivation of the retinal pigment epithelial cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-RPE). To reach the objective of inhibiting angiogenesis required for treatment of wet AMD, the bottom surface of modified PDMS membrane was further loaded with dexamethasone-containing liposomes via biotin-streptavidin linkage. We demonstrated that hiPSC-RPE cells could proliferate, express normal RPE-specific genes and maintain their phenotype on laminin-coated PDMS membrane, including phagocytosis ability, and secretion of anti-angiogenesis factor PEDF. By using in vitro HUVEC angiogenesis assay, we showed that application of our membrane could suppress oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis, which was manifested in decreased secretion of VEGF by RPE cells and suppression of vascularization. In conclusion, we propose modified biomimetic material for dual delivery of RPE cells and liposome-enveloped dexamethasone, which can be potentially applied for AMD therapy.
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391
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Huang H, Sharma HS, Chen L, Saberi H, Mao G. 2018 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neurorestoratology discipline is getting worldwide attention from the clinicians, basic scientists, students and policy makers alike. Accordingly, this year too, the discipline has made profound advances and great achievements for the benefit of the mankind. In this report, of the 2018 Neurorestoratology Yearbook, salient features of new developments are summarized. This Yearbook consists 3 key themes namely (i) the new findings on pathogenesis of neurological diseases or degeneration; (ii) the new mechanisms of neurorestorative aspects; and (iii) the achievements and progresses made in the clinical field of neurorestorative therapies. The new trend has emerged in clinical studies that are based on greater levels of evidence-based medical practices both in clinical therapies and clinical trials based on standard designs.
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392
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Surgical Approaches for Cell Therapeutics Delivery to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Retina. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1186:141-170. [PMID: 31654389 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing successful surgical strategies to deliver cell therapeutics to the back of the eye is an essential pillar to success for stem cell-based applications in blinding retinal diseases. Within this chapter, we have attempted to gather all key considerations during preclinical animal trials.Guidance is provided for choices on animal models, options for immunosuppression, as well as anesthesia. Subsequently we cover surgical strategies for RPE graft delivery, both as suspension as well as in monolayers in small rodents, rabbits, pigs, and nonhuman primate. A detailed account is given in particular on animal variations in vitrectomy and subretinal surgery, which requires a considerable learning curve, when transiting from human to animal. In turn, however, many essential subretinal implantation techniques in large-eyed animals are directly transferrable to human clinical trial protocols.A dedicated subchapter on photoreceptor replacement provides insights on preparation of suspension as well as sheet grafts, to subsequently outline the basics of subretinal delivery via both the transscleral and transvitreal route. In closing, a future outlook on vision restoration through retinal cell-based therapeutics is presented.
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393
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Cuevas E, Parmar P, Sowden JC. Restoring Vision Using Stem Cells and Transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:563-567. [PMID: 31884671 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of retinal cells, or the support of surviving retinal neurons, in a degenerated retina presents a significant challenge in the fields of ophthalmology and regenerative medicine. Stem cell-based therapies are being explored as an approach for treating retinal dystrophies, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Stargardt's disease, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review provides an update on the recent progress made toward the restoration of vision lost to degenerative disease using stem cell-based transplantation strategies and the challenges that need to be overcome. Both retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor replacement therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cuevas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Paresh Parmar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
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394
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Sheremet NL, Mikaelyan AA, Andreev AY, Kiselev SL. [Possibilities of treating retinal diseases in patients with damaged retinal pigment epithelium]. Vestn Oftalmol 2019; 135:226-234. [PMID: 31691665 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2019135052226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal diseases associated with damage to retinal pigment epithelium (PPE) are the most frequent causes of irreversible loss of vision in adults. Since there is no therapeutic treatment available that could repair RPE and its connections with the adjacent photoreceptors, the review focuses on various methods of surgical treatment. One of the most promising methods at present is the use of stem cells derivatives. Results of numerous experimental and clinical trials show that use of human induced pluripotent stem cells in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the retina can be considered effective and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Sheremet
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - A A Mikaelyan
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - A Yu Andreev
- Krasnogorsk City Hospital #1, 4 Karbisheva St., Krasnogorsk, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 143403
| | - S L Kiselev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 3 Gubkina St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119333
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395
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Mitsios A, Dubis AM, Moosajee M. Choroideremia: from genetic and clinical phenotyping to gene therapy and future treatments. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2018; 10:2515841418817490. [PMID: 30627697 PMCID: PMC6311551 DOI: 10.1177/2515841418817490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroideremia is an X-linked inherited chorioretinal dystrophy leading to blindness by late adulthood. Choroideremia is caused by mutations in the CHM gene which encodes Rab escort protein 1 (REP1), an ubiquitously expressed protein involved in intracellular trafficking and prenylation activity. The exact site of pathogenesis remains unclear but results in degeneration of the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. Animal and stem cell models have been used to study the molecular defects in choroideremia and test effectiveness of treatment interventions. Natural history studies of choroideremia have provided additional insight into the clinical phenotype of the condition and prepared the way for clinical trials aiming to investigate the safety and efficacy of suitable therapies. In this review, we provide a summary of the current knowledge on the genetics, pathophysiology, clinical features and therapeutic strategies that might become available for choroideremia in the future, including gene therapy, stem cell treatment and small-molecule drugs with nonsense suppression action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsios
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam M Dubis
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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396
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Modified cells as potential ocular drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:1621-1626. [PMID: 30562585 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to ocular targets is problematic, especially in retinal disease treatment. Therefore, targeted drug delivery, prolonged drug action, and minimally invasive treatments are needed. In this review, we describe cell technologies for drug delivery. These technologies are based on genetic engineering and nongenetic-based approaches for cell modification. In principle, cell technologies enable targeted delivery, long drug action, and minimally invasive administration, but they have only been sparsely studied for ocular drug delivery. Herein, these technologies are discussed in the ocular context.
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397
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Bharti
- Ocular Stem Cell and Translational Research Unit at the National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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398
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Takiuti JT, Takahashi VKL, Apatoff MBL, Tsang SH. Stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine in RPE degenerative disease: advances and challenges. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2018.1555034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia T. Takiuti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor K. L. Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary Ben L. Apatoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NewYork, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Stem Cell Initiative (CSCI), Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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399
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Cerquone Perpetuini A, Mathoux J, Kennedy BN. The potential of small molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor: mimetics to treat inherited retinal degeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 14:85-86. [PMID: 30531081 PMCID: PMC6262985 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerquone Perpetuini
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justine Mathoux
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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400
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Highly efficient scarless knock-in of reporter genes into human and mouse pluripotent stem cells via transient antibiotic selection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201683. [PMID: 30496180 PMCID: PMC6264506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) edited with genetic reporters are useful tools for differentiation analysis and for isolation of specific cell populations for study. Reporter integration into the genome is now commonly achieved by targeted DNA nuclease-enhanced homology directed repair (HDR). However, human PSCs are known to have a low frequency of gene knock-in (KI) by HDR, making reporter line generation an arduous process. Here, we report a methodology for scarless KI of large fluorescent reporter genes into PSCs by transient selection with puromycin or zeocin. With this method, we can perform targeted KI of a single reporter gene with up to 65% efficiency, as well as simultaneous KI of two reporter genes into different loci with up to 11% efficiency. Additionally, we demonstrate that this method also works in mouse PSCs.
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