351
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Fox J, Rioux BV, Goulet EDB, Johanssen NM, Swift DL, Bouchard DR, Loewen H, Sénéchal M. Effect of an acute exercise bout on immediate post-exercise irisin concentration in adults: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:16-28. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Fox
- Faculty of Kinesiology; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton NB Canada
| | - B. V. Rioux
- Faculty of Kinesiology; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton NB Canada
| | - E. D. B. Goulet
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
- Research Centre on Aging; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - N. M. Johanssen
- School of Kinesiology; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - D. L. Swift
- Faculty of Kinesiology; East Carolina University; Greenville NC USA
- College of Health and Human Performance; Greenville NC USA
| | - D. R. Bouchard
- Faculty of Kinesiology; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton NB Canada
| | - H. Loewen
- University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - M. Sénéchal
- Faculty of Kinesiology; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton NB Canada
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352
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Williams J, Smith F, Kumar S, Vijayan M, Reddy PH. Are microRNAs true sensors of ageing and cellular senescence? Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:350-363. [PMID: 27903442 PMCID: PMC5357446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All living beings are programmed to death due to aging and age-related processes. Aging is a normal process of every living species. While all cells are inevitably progressing towards death, many disease processes accelerate the aging process, leading to senescence. Pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and skin diseases have been associated with deregulated aging. Healthy aging can delay onset of all age-related diseases. Genetics and epigenetics are reported to play large roles in accelerating and/or delaying the onset of age-related diseases. Cellular mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases are not completely understood. However, recent molecular biology discoveries have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential sensors of aging and cellular senescence. Due to miRNAs capability to bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA of specific genes, miRNAs can prevent the translation of specific genes. The purpose of our article is to highlight recent advancements in miRNAs and their involvement in cellular changes in aging and senescence. Our article discusses the current understanding of cellular senescence, its interplay with miRNAs regulation, and how they both contribute to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Williams
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Flint Smith
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neuroscience & Pharmacology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States.
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353
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de Souza VA, Oliveira D, Barbosa SR, Corrêa JODA, Colugnati FAB, Mansur HN, Fernandes NMDS, Bastos MG. Sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialysis: Analysis of the prevalence and associated factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176230. [PMID: 28448584 PMCID: PMC5407780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a chronic condition that is associated with aging and characterized by a reduction of muscle mass, strength, and function. Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CKD not yet on dialysis and its correlation with clinical and laboratory variables and inflammatory markers. METHODS A total of 100 patients of both sexes aged over 18 were evaluated. Sarcopenia was defined using the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project. Sociodemographic and clinical data, activities of daily living, functional capacity, and physical activity were also evaluated. Inflammation was assessed by the serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin (IL) 4 and 6. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.9% and 28.7% using the EWGSOP and FNIH criteria, respectively. Sarcopenia was more prevalent in the more advanced stages of CKD (34.5% in stages 2 and 3A; and 65.5% in stages 3B, 4, and 5) and associated with worse performance in activities of daily living (p = 0.049), lower walking speeds (p < 0.001), and higher body mass indexes (BMIs) (p = 0.001) in the non-adjusted model. In addition, patients with sarcopenia had lower functional capacity (p = 0.012) and higher prevalence of physical inactivity (p = 0.041) compared with patients without sarcopenia. After adjustment for confounding variables, sarcopenia was still significantly correlated with walking speed (p = 0.004) and BMI (p = 0.002). HsCRP levels were inversely correlated with appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI (p = 0.007) and were also positively associated with BMI (p = 0.001). IL4 levels were positively correlated with walking speed (p = 0.007) and lean mass in the lower limbs (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is common in patients with CKD, particularly in the most advanced stages of the disease. We observed an association between the levels of inflammatory markers and peripheral lean body mass, physical performance, and BMI. This association between sarcopenia and modifiable factors highlights the importance of early diagnosis and the implementation of therapeutic measures to minimize adverse outcomes in patients with CKD not yet on dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Angelina de Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Dílmerson Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy, School of Physical Education, UNIFAMINAS, Muriaé, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ribeiro Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - José Otávio do Amaral Corrêa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Novais Mansur
- Department of Education, School of Physical Education, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology – Southeast of Minas Gerais - Campus Rio Pomba, Rio Pomba, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Gomes Bastos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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354
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Shafiee G, Heshmat R, Larijani B. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids as potential biomarkers for sarcopenia: a step toward personalized medicine. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:19. [PMID: 28439503 PMCID: PMC5399331 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of muscle mass and function, leading to disability, morbidity and increased mortality in older people. Given the relatively high prevalence and related- outcome of the disease, correct diagnosis, screening, monitoring and treatment of sarcopenia are needed in clinical practice. Recent researches have focused on cell-free nucleic acids, which are released into the circulation following cell death, as a potential biomarker of aging and systematic inflammation. It seems that the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia can be possible by the help of the analysis of cell-free nucleic acids as noninvasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr shariati hospital, north karegar st, Tehran, 14114 Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr shariati hospital, north karegar st, Tehran, 14114 Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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355
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and disability in older adults has significant public health implications. This case review discusses the benefits and risks of weight loss in older adults and outlines treatment options available to Medicare beneficiaries. The importance of preserving lean muscle mass in weight management is emphasized.
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356
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Chung T, Park JS, Kim S, Montes N, Walston J, Höke A. Evidence for dying-back axonal degeneration in age-associated skeletal muscle decline. Muscle Nerve 2017; 55:894-901. [PMID: 27464347 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-associated muscle strength decline is a major contributing factor to increased late-life functional decline and comorbidity, and is strongly associated with early mortality. Although all parts of the neuromuscular system seem to be affected by aging, dying-back of motor axons likely plays a major role. METHODS We compared the degeneration in ventral roots and neuromuscular junction denervation in young and aged mice and correlated the findings with strength and electrophysiological measures. RESULTS With normal aging, there is little decline in motor axon numbers in the ventral roots, but the neuromuscular junctions show marked partial denervation that is associated with increased jitter on stimulated single fiber electromyography and a decrease in muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dying-back axonal degeneration may be partially responsible for the electrophysiological and strength changes observed with aging. Muscle Nerve 55: 894-901, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jae Sung Park
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Physical Education, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangri Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Nataly Montes
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Caribbean Healthcare System, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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357
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The epigenetic landscape of age-related diseases: the geroscience perspective. Biogerontology 2017; 18:549-559. [PMID: 28352958 PMCID: PMC5514215 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the epigenetics of age-related diseases, focusing on those studies that have described DNA methylation landscape in cardio-vascular diseases, musculoskeletal function and frailty. We stress the importance of adopting the conceptual framework of “geroscience”, which starts from the observation that advanced age is the major risk factor for several of these pathologies and aims at identifying the mechanistic links between aging and age-related diseases. DNA methylation undergoes a profound remodeling during aging, which includes global hypomethylation of the genome, hypermethylation at specific loci and an increase in inter-individual variation and in stochastic changes of DNA methylation values. These epigenetic modifications can be an important contributor to the development of age-related diseases, but our understanding on the complex relationship between the epigenetic signatures of aging and age-related disease is still poor. The most relevant results in this field come from the use of the so called “epigenetics clocks” in cohorts of subjects affected by age-related diseases. We report these studies in final section of this review.
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358
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Won H, Abdul MZ, Mat Ludin AF, Omar MA, Razali R, Shahar S. The cut-off values of anthropometric variables for predicting mild cognitive impairment in Malaysian older adults: a large population based cross-sectional study. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:275-282. [PMID: 28223785 PMCID: PMC5304972 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s118942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Older adults are at risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and simple anthropometric measurements can be used to screen for this condition. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the cut-off values of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for predicting the risk of MCI in older Malaysian adults. Methods A total of 2,240 Malaysian older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited using multistage random sampling in a population based cross-sectional study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off values of BMI and WC with optimum sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MCI. Age, gender, years of education, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, depression, and medical conditions were used as confounding factors in this analysis. Results A BMI cut-off value of 26 kg/m2 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.725; sensitivity 90.5%; specificity 38.8%) was appropriate in identifying the risk of getting MCI in both men and women. The optimum WC cut-offs for likelihood of MCI were 90 cm (AUC 0.745; sensitivity 78.0%; specificity 59.8%) for men and 82 cm (AUC 0.714; sensitivity 84.3%; specificity 49.7%) for women. The optimum calf circumference (CC) cut-off values for identifying MCI were 29 cm (AUC 0.731; sensitivity 72.6%; specificity 61.1%) for men and 26 cm (AUC 0.598; sensitivity 79.1%; specificity 45.3%) for women. Conclusion The cut-off values could be advocated and used as part of the screening of MCI among older Malaysian adults. There is a need to further determine the predictive values of these cut-off points on outcomes through longitudinal study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiloo Won
- Nutrition Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Manaf Zahara Abdul
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Biomedical Science Program, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Centre for Burden of Disease Research, Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Rosdinom Razali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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359
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Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Kiesswetter E, Drey M, Sieber CC. Nutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:43-48. [PMID: 28155181 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frailty and sarcopenia are important concepts in the quest to prevent physical dependence, as geriatrics are shifting towards identifications of early stages of disability. Definitions of both sarcopenia and frailty are still developing, and both concepts clearly overlap in their physical aspects. Malnutrition (both undernutrition and obesity) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of frailty and sarcopenia. The quality of the diet along the lifespan has a close relation with the incidence of both entities, and nutritional interventions may be able to reduce the incidence or revert either of them. This brief review explores the role of energy and protein intake and other key nutrients on muscle function. Nutrition may be a key element of multimodal interventions for frailty and sarcopenia. The results of the "Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies" (SPRINTT) trial will offer key insights on the effect of such interventions in frail, sarcopenic older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Cruz-Jentoft
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Ctra.Colmenar km 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Kiesswetter
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Michael Drey
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Cornel C Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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360
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Chan DCD, Tsou HH, Chang CB, Yang RS, Tsauo JY, Chen CY, Hsiao CF, Hsu YT, Chen CH, Chang SF, Hsiung CA, Kuo KN. Integrated care for geriatric frailty and sarcopenia: a randomized control trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:78-88. [PMID: 27897406 PMCID: PMC5326822 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise, nutrition, and psychological interventions may all have positive impacts on frailty and sarcopenia. However, it is not known whether an integrated care programme with all three components can be beneficial and the intensity of such programme is also not certain. In this study, we aim to determine the effectiveness of two levels of integrated care on frailty and sarcopenia. METHODS A randomized control trial was conducted at two community hospitals in Taiwan. Older adults (65-79 years of age, N = 289) who scored ≥1 on the Cardiovascular Health Study Phenotypic Classification of Frailty (CHS_PCF) were enrolled in the trial. Low-level care (LLC) participants received a 2 h education course on frailty, sarcopenia, coping strategy, nutrition, and demonstration of study exercise programme. Educational multimedia material was distributed as reference for home practice with bi-monthly telephone follow-ups on adherences. High-level care (HLC) participants, in addition to LLC instructions, received six sessions of on-site problem solving therapy and 48 exercise sessions within 6 months. Brief nutrition consultation was also provided during the exercise sessions. Primary outcome was improvement of the CHS_PCF by at least one category (from pre-frail to robust, or from frail to pre-frail or robust) from baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes of individual frailty, and sarcopenia indicators. Assessments were done at 3, 6, and 12 months by trained research assistants blinded to randomization status. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied. RESULTS Mean age was 71.6 ± 4.3 years, with 53% females. For the entire cohort, improvement of primary outcome was 35% at 3 months, increased to 40% at 6 months, and remained stable at 39% at 12 months. Improvement rates were similar in both groups. Compared with the LLC group, HLC participants had greater improvements in the following indices: energy expenditure of walking, 5 m walking time, dominant hand grip strength, timed-up-and-go-test, and one-leg-stand time - mainly at 6 and 12 month assessments. CONCLUSIONS The 6 month integrated care improved frailty and sarcopenia status among community-dwelling elders, with high-intensity training yielding greater improvements. Low-level care could be promoted as a basic intervention, while HLC could be reserved for those at high risk and with high motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Cheng Derrick Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Superintendent Office, National Taiwan University Hospital Chu-Tung Branch, Hsin-Chu County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chirn-Bin Chang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Chu-Tung Branch, Hsin-Chu County, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Yih Tsauo
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gerontology, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Trial Statistics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Chang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ken N Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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361
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Optimizing Function for the Older Adult With Degenerative Scoliosis Through Pilates Environment Intervention. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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362
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Engelen L, Gale J, Chau JY, Hardy LL, Mackey M, Johnson N, Shirley D, Bauman A. Who is at risk of chronic disease? Associations between risk profiles of physical activity, sitting and cardio‐metabolic disease in Australian adults. Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 41:178-183. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Engelen
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Joanne Gale
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Josephine Y. Chau
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Louise L. Hardy
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Martin Mackey
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Nathan Johnson
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating DisordersUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Debra Shirley
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of Sydney New South Wales
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363
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Matteini AM, Tanaka T, Karasik D, Atzmon G, Chou W, Eicher JD, Johnson AD, Arnold AM, Callisaya ML, Davies G, Evans DS, Holtfreter B, Lohman K, Lunetta KL, Mangino M, Smith AV, Smith JA, Teumer A, Yu L, Arking DE, Buchman AS, Chibinik LB, De Jager PL, Evans DA, Faul JD, Garcia ME, Gillham‐Nasenya I, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Hsu Y, Ittermann T, Lahousse L, Liewald DC, Liu Y, Lopez L, Rivadeneira F, Rotter JI, Siggeirsdottir K, Starr JM, Thomson R, Tranah GJ, Uitterlinden AG, Völker U, Völzke H, Weir DR, Yaffe K, Zhao W, Zhuang WV, Zmuda JM, Bennett DA, Cummings SR, Deary IJ, Ferrucci L, Harris TB, Kardia SLR, Kocher T, Kritchevsky SB, Psaty BM, Seshadri S, Spector TD, Srikanth VK, Windham BG, Zillikens MC, Newman AB, Walston JD, Kiel DP, Murabito JM. GWAS analysis of handgrip and lower body strength in older adults in the CHARGE consortium. Aging Cell 2016; 15:792-800. [PMID: 27325353 PMCID: PMC5013019 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in muscle strength with aging is an important predictor of health trajectory in the elderly. Several factors, including genetics, are proposed contributors to variability in muscle strength. To identify genetic contributors to muscle strength, a meta-analysis of genomewide association studies of handgrip was conducted. Grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer in 27 581 individuals of European descent over 65 years of age from 14 cohort studies. Genomewide association analysis was conducted on ~2.7 million imputed and genotyped variants (SNPs). Replication of the most significant findings was conducted using data from 6393 individuals from three cohorts. GWAS of lower body strength was also characterized in a subset of cohorts. Two genomewide significant (P-value< 5 × 10(-8) ) and 39 suggestive (P-value< 5 × 10(-5) ) associations were observed from meta-analysis of the discovery cohorts. After meta-analysis with replication cohorts, genomewide significant association was observed for rs752045 on chromosome 8 (β = 0.47, SE = 0.08, P-value = 5.20 × 10(-10) ). This SNP is mapped to an intergenic region and is located within an accessible chromatin region (DNase hypersensitivity site) in skeletal muscle myotubes differentiated from the human skeletal muscle myoblasts cell line. This locus alters a binding motif of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (CEBPB) that is implicated in muscle repair mechanisms. GWAS of lower body strength did not yield significant results. A common genetic variant in a chromosomal region that regulates myotube differentiation and muscle repair may contribute to variability in grip strength in the elderly. Further studies are needed to uncover the mechanisms that link this genetic variant with muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchGerontology Research CenterNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA,Faculty of Medicine in the GalileeBar‐Ilan UniversitySafed13010Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Institute for Aging Research Departments of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine1300 Morris Park AvenueBronxNYUSA,Department of Human BiologyUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Wen‐Chi Chou
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - John D. Eicher
- National Heart, Lung and Blood InstitutePopulation Sciences BranchBethesdaMDUSA,National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- National Heart, Lung and Blood InstitutePopulation Sciences BranchBethesdaMDUSA,National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA
| | - Alice M. Arnold
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Michele L. Callisaya
- Stroke and Ageing Research GroupDepartment of MedicineSchool of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia,Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of PeriodontologyDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and EndodontologyCentre of Oral HealthUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Center for Human GeneticsDivision of Public Health SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA,Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Dan E. Arking
- McKusick‐Nathans Institute of Genetic MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA,Department of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Lori B. Chibinik
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric GenomicsDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA,Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric GenomicsDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA,Program in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Institute of Healthy Aging and Department of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- Survey Research CenterInstitute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Melissa E. Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population ScienceNational Institute on AgingBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart AssociationKopavogurIceland,University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yi‐Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA,Department of Medicine, Molecular and Integrative Physiological SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Respiratory MedicineGhent University and Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - David C. Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human GeneticsDivision of Public Health SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Lorna Lopez
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)‐sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)Rotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Division of Genomic Outcome, Departments of Pediatrics and MedicineInstitute for Translational Genomics and Population SciencesLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Russell Thomson
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)‐sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA)Rotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional GenomicsUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)GreifswaldGermany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)GreifswaldGermany
| | - David R. Weir
- Survey Research CenterInstitute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Epidemiology & BiostatisticsUniversity of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Wei Vivian Zhuang
- Public Health ProgramCenter for Health Policy and EthicsCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNEUSA
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies SectionTranslational Gerontology BranchGerontology Research CenterNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population ScienceNIABethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of PeriodontologyDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and EndodontologyCentre of Oral HealthUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington and Group Health Research InstituteGroup Health CooperativeSeattleWAUSA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA,Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Velandai K. Srikanth
- Stroke and Ageing Research GroupDepartment of MedicineSchool of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia,Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - B. Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine/Division of GeriatricsUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal MedicineErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jeremy D. Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMAUSA,Department of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
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364
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Rotator cuff tear and sarcopenia: are these related? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2016; 25:e249-55. [PMID: 27083579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and consequent loss of muscle function with aging. Its prevalence among the general population is 12% to 30% in those aged >60 years. We evaluated (1) the difference in the prevalence of sarcopenia between patients with rotator cuff tear and controls and (2) the sarcopenia severity according to the size of the rotator cuff tear. METHODS Group 1 included 48 consecutive patients with chronic symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears (mean age, 60.1 ± 6.5 years; range, 46-76 years), and group 2 included 48 age- and sex-matched patients. The sarcopenic index was evaluated by using the grip strength of the asymptomatic contralateral side and the skeletal muscle mass. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the baseline data and demographic factors between the groups. The sarcopenic index was significantly inferior in the rotator cuff tear group than in the age- and sex-matched control groups (P = .041, .007, and .05, respectively). Patients with large to massive tears had a significantly inferior sarcopenic index than those with small and medium tears. CONCLUSION The results showed that sarcopenia was more severe in patients with a chronic symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tear than in the age- and sex-matched control population and was correlated with the size of the tear, with the numbers available. Despite the individual variance in the underlying medical condition and physical activities, this study suggests that clinicians should consider the sarcopenic condition of patients with a rotator cuff tear, especially in elderly patients with large to massive tears.
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365
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Lamster IB, Asadourian L, Del Carmen T, Friedman PK. The aging mouth: differentiating normal aging from disease. Periodontol 2000 2016; 72:96-107. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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366
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Kizilarslanoglu MC, Kuyumcu ME, Yesil Y, Halil M. Sarcopenia in critically ill patients. J Anesth 2016; 30:884-90. [PMID: 27376823 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-016-2211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia occurring as a primary consequence of aging and secondary due to certain medical problems including chronic disease, malnutrition and inactivity is a progressive generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with aging (approximately 5-13 % in the sixth and seventh decades). However, data showing the prevalence and clinical outcomes of sarcopenia in intensive care units (ICUs) are limited. A similar condition to sarcopenia in the ICU, called ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), has been reported more frequently. Here, we aim to examine the importance of sarcopenia, especially ICU-AW, in ICU patients via related articles in Medline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet C Kizilarslanoglu
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet E Kuyumcu
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yesil
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Halil
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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367
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Lim JY. Therapeutic potential of eccentric exercises for age-related muscle atrophy. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:176-181. [PMID: 28462115 PMCID: PMC5390411 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on evidence-based interventions to prevent mobility decline and enhance physical performance in older adults. Several modalities, in addition to traditional strengthening programs, have been designed to manage age-related functional decline more effectively. In this study, we reviewed the current relevant literatures to assess the therapeutic potential of eccentric exercises for age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia). Age-related changes in human skeletal muscle, and their relationship with physical performance, are discussed with reference to in vitro physiologic and human biomechanics studies. An overview of issues relevant to sarcopenia is provided in the context of the recent consensus on the diagnosis and management of the condition. A decline in mobility among the aging population is closely linked with changes in the muscle force-velocity relationship. Interventions based specifically on increasing velocity and eccentric strength can improve function more effectively compared with traditional strengthening programs. Eccentric strengthening programs are introduced as a specific method for improving both muscle force and velocity. To be more effective, exercise interventions for older adults should focus on enhancing the muscle force-velocity relationship. Exercises that can be performed easily, and that utilize eccentric strength (which is relatively spared during the aging process), are needed to improve both muscle force and velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mechanic and Molecular Myology Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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368
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The prevalence of sarcopenia and related factors in a community-dwelling elders Thai population. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2016; 2:110-115. [PMID: 30775476 PMCID: PMC6372734 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is one of common problems among elderly worldwide. Objectives Sarcopenia is one of common problems among elderly worldwide. To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and related factors in community-dwelling elders Thai population. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in 243 subjects aged over 60 years. All participants were evaluated for handgrip strength by dynamometer and for gait speed by walking a 6-m distance. The muscle mass for subjects who had abnormal grip strength and/or gait speed was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The prevalence of sarcopenia was calculated and factors related to sarcopenia were also analyzed. Results The mean age was 69.7 ± 6.9 years with three-fourths female participants. Approximate 60% of subjects were overweight. There were 74 participants (30.5%, (95% CI: 25.0%–36.5%)) with abnormal grip strength; gait speed and muscle mass. Males had more prevalence than females (33.9% vs. 29.3% respectively). There is higher prevalence with increasing age among both genders (17.9%, 41.4% and 80.0% in young old, middle old, and the very old groups respectively in male; and 11.5%, 49.1%, and 65.0% in female). After using multivariate analysis, age, body mass index (BMI), and quadriceps strengths were significantly related to sarcopenia with the adjusted odds ratio of 15.47 (95% CI: 4.93, 48.54), 12.84 (95% CI: 3.85, 42.82) and 3.77 (95% CI: 1.70, 8.37) respectively. Conclusions Thirty percent of the community-based elderly experienced sarcopenia. As the prevalence is high, the screening for sarcopenia should be performed in community-dwelling elders especially older age, underweight subjects and lower quadriceps strength.
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369
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Yousef H, Conboy MJ, Morgenthaler A, Schlesinger C, Bugaj L, Paliwal P, Greer C, Conboy IM, Schaffer D. Systemic attenuation of the TGF-β pathway by a single drug simultaneously rejuvenates hippocampal neurogenesis and myogenesis in the same old mammal. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11959-78. [PMID: 26003168 PMCID: PMC4494916 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell function declines with age largely due to the biochemical imbalances in their tissue niches, and this work demonstrates that aging imposes an elevation in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in the neurogenic niche of the hippocampus, analogous to the previously demonstrated changes in the myogenic niche of skeletal muscle with age. Exploring the hypothesis that youthful calibration of key signaling pathways may enhance regeneration of multiple old tissues, we found that systemically attenuating TGF-β signaling with a single drug simultaneously enhanced neurogenesis and muscle regeneration in the same old mice, findings further substantiated via genetic perturbations. At the levels of cellular mechanism, our results establish that the age-specific increase in TGF-β1 in the stem cell niches of aged hippocampus involves microglia and that such an increase is pro-inflammatory both in brain and muscle, as assayed by the elevated expression of β2 microglobulin (B2M), a component of MHC class I molecules. These findings suggest that at high levels typical of aged tissues, TGF-β1 promotes inflammation instead of its canonical role in attenuating immune responses. In agreement with this conclusion, inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling normalized B2M to young levels in both studied tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadie Yousef
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Current address: Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam Morgenthaler
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christina Schlesinger
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lukasz Bugaj
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Preeti Paliwal
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Greer
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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370
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Scott D, Park MS, Kim TN, Ryu JY, Hong HC, Yoo HJ, Baik SH, Jones G, Choi KM. Associations of Low Muscle Mass and the Metabolic Syndrome in Caucasian and Asian Middle-aged and Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:248-55. [PMID: 26892573 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related declines in skeletal muscle mass may confer significant metabolic consequences for older adults. Associations of low muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Caucasians, and comparisons with associations observed in Asian populations, have not been reported. We examined associations of low muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Asian and Caucasian middle-aged and older men and women using criteria for low muscle mass. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Two population-based studies of Australian (Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort Study; TASOAC; N=1005) and Korean (Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study; KSOS; N=376) community-dwelling adults, mean age 62 and 58 years, respectively. MEASUREMENTS Appendicular lean mass (aLM) determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalised to height squared (aLM/Ht2), weight (aLM/Wt) or body mass index (aLM/BMI). Participants in the lowest sex-specific 20% for aLM measures were defined as having low muscle mass. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS Although Australians demonstrated generally unfavourable anthropometric and metabolic characteristics compared to Koreans, prevalence of MetS was similar (29.5% in Australians and 31.4% in Koreans, respectively). Low aLM/Ht2 was associated with significantly reduced likelihood of MetS in both Australians (OR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.19 - 0.46) and Koreans (OR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.16 - 0.62). Conversely, low aLM/BMI was associated with increased odds for MetS in Australians (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.12 - 2.84), but not Koreans (OR: 1.33, 95% CI = 0.67 - 2.64). CONCLUSION Low aLM/BMI is associated with significantly increased likelihood of MetS in Australian adults, but not Koreans, suggesting potential differences in effects of low muscle mass relative to body mass on cardiometabolic health in Caucasian and Asian middle-aged and older adults. Low muscle mass relative to height is associated with reduced likelihood of MetS in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scott
- Prof. Kyung Mook Choi, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul 152-050, Korea. E-mail: , Tel.: 822-2626-3043, Fax: 822-2626-1096
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371
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Vasconcelos KSDS, Dias JMD, Bastone ADC, Vieira RA, Andrade ACDS, Perracini MR, Guerra RO, Dias RC. Handgrip Strength Cutoff Points to Identify Mobility Limitation in Community-dwelling Older People and Associated Factors. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:306-15. [PMID: 26892580 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The specific threshold of muscle weakness that leads to mobility limitations has not been identified. OBJECTIVES To determine the best cutoff point of handgrip strength for identifying mobility limitation and to investigate the factors associated with muscle weakness and mobility limitation in community-dwelling older people. DESIGN Transversal study. SETTING Cities of Belo Horizonte, Barueri and Santa Cruz in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 1374 community-dwelling older people from the Frailty study in Brazilian older people (FIBRA Study). MEASUREMENTS Outcomes included muscle weakness determined according to gender-specific handgrip strength cutoff points generated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, mobility limitation defined as a gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s; and a combination of both muscle weakness and mobility limitation. Associated factors included socio-demographic variables, lifestyle, anthropometrics, health conditions, use of health services and disability. RESULTS The cutoff points of handgrip strength with the best balancing between sensitivity and specificity for mobility limitation were 25.8 kgf for men (sensitivity 69%, specificity 73%) and 17.4 kgf (sensitivity 60%, specificity 66%) for women. Age and disability in instrumental activities of daily living were associated with all outcomes. Women had greater odds of mobility limitation than men. Physical inactivity, body fat, diabetes, depression, sleeping disturbances, number of medications and occurrence of falls remained as significant associated factors in the final model. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength can be a useful tool to identify mobility limitation in clinical practice. Interventions to prevent or minimize impacts of sarcopenia should stimulate physical activity and improvement of body composition in addition to the management of chronic diseases and disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S de Souza Vasconcelos
- Karina Simone de Souza Vasconcelos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Physical Therapy, Rua Engenheiro Hermenegildo Campos de Almeida, 260, ap 31, Jundiaí - SP, Brasil, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13208640, Brazil, +55 11 45816347, mobile: +55 11 964339875,
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372
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Farshidfar F, Shulgina V, Myrie SB. Nutritional supplementations and administration considerations for sarcopenia in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Farshidfar
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Veronika Shulgina
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Semone B. Myrie
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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373
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de Souza Barbosa JF, Zepeda MUP, Béland F, Guralnik JM, Zunzunegui MV, Guerra RO. Clinically relevant weakness in diverse populations of older adults participating in the International Mobility in Aging Study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:25. [PMID: 26867805 PMCID: PMC5005882 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare cut points for weakness proposed by Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project with cut points estimated with our own data; to assess the prevalence of clinically relevant handgrip strength (HGS) weakness according to published criteria across distinct populations of older adults; to estimate the ability of HGS weakness to identify slowness. This is a cross-sectional analysis of International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS) involving 1935 community-dwelling older adults, between 65 and 74 years, who completed HGS and gait speed assessment. We used baseline data from Tirana (Albania), Natal (Brazil), Manizales (Colombia), Kingston (Ontario, Canada), and Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec, Canada). Weakness was defined according to sex-specific HGS cut points associated with slowness proposed by FNIH Sarcopenia Project. Slowness was defined as gait speed <0.8 m/s. IMIAS cut points for clinical weakness had good agreement with those proposed by FNIH. Weakness prevalence across the research sites ranged from 1.1 % (Saint-Hyacinthe) to 19.2 % (Manizales) among men. Women from Manizales (13.5 %) and Natal (19.3 %) had higher prevalence of weakness than their counterparts. FNIH cut points had a strong association with slowness, for both sexes. The IMIAS population generated cut points which were close to those proposed by FNIH. There was large variability in prevalence of weakness across our research sites. The HGS cut points for weakness proposed by FNIH performed well in IMIAS populations, providing a useful tool for screening older adults at risk for functional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - François Béland
- Departament of Health Administration, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack M Guralnik
- Departament of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Gerontology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Oliveira Guerra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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374
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) frequency is a growing problem worldwide, because of long life expectancy and life style modifications. In old age (≥60-65 years old), DM is becoming an alarming public health problem in developed and even in developing countries as for some authors one from two old persons are diabetic or prediabetic and for others 8 from 10 old persons have some dysglycemia. DM complications and co-morbidities are more frequent in old diabetics compared to their young counterparts. The most frequent are cardiovascular diseases due to old age and to precocious atherosclerosis specific to DM and the most bothersome are visual and cognitive impairments, especially Alzheimer disease and other kind of dementia. Alzheimer disease seems to share the same risk factors as DM, which means insulin resistance due to lack of physical activity and eating disorders. Visual and physical handicaps, depression, and memory troubles are a barrier to care for DM treatment. For this, old diabetics are now classified into two main categories as fit and independent old people able to take any available medication, exactly as their young or middle age counterparts, and fragile or frail persons for whom physical activity, healthy diet, and medical treatment should be individualized according to the presence or lack of cognitive impairment and other co-morbidities. In the last category, the fundamental rule is "go slowly and individualize" to avoid interaction with poly medicated elder persons and fatal iatrogenic hypoglycemias in those treated with sulfonylureas or insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Chentli
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Bab El Oued Teaching Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Said Azzoug
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Bab El Oued Teaching Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Souad Mahgoun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Bab El Oued Teaching Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
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375
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Bose B, Shenoy PS. Aging induced loss of stemness with concomitant gain of myogenic properties of a pure population of CD34(+)/CD45(-) muscle derived stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 70:1-12. [PMID: 26655331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the functional decline of cells, tissues, and organs, as well as, a striking increase in susceptibility to a wide range of diseases. Within a tissue, both differentiated cells and adult stem cells are susceptible to intrinsic and extrinsic changes while aging. Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) are tissue specific stem cells which have been studied well for their multipotential nature. Although there are reports relating to diminished function and regenerative capacity of aged MDSCs as compared to their young counterparts, not much has been reported relating to the concomitant gain in unipotent nature of aged MDSCs. In this study, we report an inverse correlation between aging and expression of adult/mesenchymal stem cell markers and a direct correlation between aging and myogenecity in MDSCs. Aged MDSCs were able to generate a greater number of dystrophin positive myofibres, as compared to, the young MDSCs when transplanted in muscle of dystrophic mice. Our data, therefore, suggests that aging stress adds to the decline in stem cell characteristics with a concomitant increase in unipotency, in terms of, myogenecity of MDSCs. This study, hence, also opens the possibilities of using unipotent aged MDSCs as potential candidates for transplantation in patients with muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Bose
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - P Sudheer Shenoy
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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376
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Park KHJ. Mechanisms of Muscle Denervation in Aging: Insights from a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2015; 6:380-9. [PMID: 26425392 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle denervation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is thought to be a contributing factor in age-related muscle weakness. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that modulate NMJ innervation is a key to developing therapies to combat age-related muscle weakness affecting the elderly. Two mouse models, one lacking the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene and another harboring the transgenic mutant human SOD1 gene, display progressive changes at the NMJ, including muscle endplate fragmentation, nerve terminal sprouting, and denervation. These changes at the NMJ share many of the common features observed in the NMJs of aged mice. In this review, research findings demonstrating the effects of PGC-1α, IGF-1, GDNF, MyoD, myogenin, and miR-206 on NMJ innervation patterns in the G93A SOD1 mice will be highlighted in the context of age-related muscle denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H J Park
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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377
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Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1237-45. [PMID: 26353786 PMCID: PMC4594048 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein supplementation in combination with resistance training may increase muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly subjects. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of post-exercise protein supplementation with collagen peptides v. placebo on muscle mass and muscle function following resistance training in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. A total of fifty-three male subjects (72·2 (sd 4·68) years) with sarcopenia (class I or II) completed this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. All the participants underwent a 12-week guided resistance training programme (three sessions per week) and were supplemented with either collagen peptides (treatment group (TG)) (15 g/d) or silica as placebo (placebo group (PG)). Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and bone mass (BM) were measured before and after the intervention using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic quadriceps strength (IQS) of the right leg was determined and sensory motor control (SMC) was investigated by a standardised one-leg stabilisation test. Following the training programme, all the subjects showed significantly higher (P<0·01) levels for FFM, BM, IQS and SMC with significantly lower (P<0·01) levels for FM. The effect was significantly more pronounced in subjects receiving collagen peptides: FFM (TG +4·2 (sd 2·31) kg/PG +2·9 (sd 1·84) kg; P<0·05); IQS (TG +16·5 (sd 12·9) Nm/PG +7·3 (sd 13·2) Nm; P<0·05); and FM (TG -5·4 (sd 3·17) kg/PG -3·5 (sd 2·16) kg; P<0·05). Our data demonstrate that compared with placebo, collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training further improved body composition by increasing FFM, muscle strength and the loss in FM.
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378
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Rea IM, Dellet M, Mills KI. Living long and ageing well: is epigenomics the missing link between nature and nurture? Biogerontology 2015; 17:33-54. [PMID: 26133292 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex trait and increasingly we understand that both genes and lifestyle interact in the longevity phenotype. Non-genetic factors, including diet, physical activity, health habits, and psychosocial factors contribute approximately 50% of the variability in human lifespan with another 25% explained by genetic differences. Family clusters of nonagenarian and centenarian siblings, who show both exceptional age-span and health-span, are likely to have inherited facilitatory gene groups, but also have nine decades of life experiences and behaviours which have interacted with their genetic profiles. Identification of their shared genes is just one small step in the link from genes to their physical and psychological profiles. Behavioural genomics is beginning to demonstrate links to biological mechanisms through regulation of gene expression, which directs the proteome and influences the personal phenotype. Epigenetics has been considered the missing link between nature and nurture. Although there is much that remains to be discovered, this article will discuss some of genetic and environmental factors which appear important in good quality longevity and link known epigenetic mechanisms to themes identified by nonagenarians themselves related to their longevity. Here we suggest that exceptional 90-year old siblings have adopted a range of behaviours and life-styles which have contributed to their ageing-well-phenotype and which link with important public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Margaret Dellet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast , Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ken I Mills
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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379
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Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia. Proc Nutr Soc 2015; 74:355-66. [PMID: 25851205 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first reports of accurate skeletal muscle mass measurement in human subjects appeared at about the same time as introduction of the sarcopenia concept in the late 1980s. Since then these methods, computed tomography and MRI, have been used to gain insights into older (i.e. anthropometry and urinary markers) and more recently developed and refined methods (ultrasound, bioimpedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) of quantifying regional and total body skeletal muscle mass. The objective of this review is to describe the evolution of these methods and their continued development in the context of sarcopenia evaluation and treatment. Advances in these technologies are described with a focus on additional quantifiable measures that relate to muscle composition and 'quality'. The integration of these collective evaluations with strength and physical performance indices is highlighted with linkages to evaluation of sarcopenia and the spectrum of related disorders such as sarcopenic obesity, cachexia and frailty. Our findings show that currently available methods and those in development are capable of non-invasively extending measures from solely 'mass' to quality evaluations that promise to close the gaps now recognised between skeletal muscle mass and muscle function, morbidity and mortality. As the largest tissue compartment in most adults, skeletal muscle mass and aspects of muscle composition can now be evaluated by a wide array of technologies that provide important new research and clinical opportunities aligned with the growing interest in the spectrum of conditions associated with sarcopenia.
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380
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Kim KS, Park KS, Kim MJ, Kim SK, Cho YW, Park SW. Type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 Suppl 1:115-21. [PMID: 24450569 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to clarify the association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of low muscle mass in older adults. METHODS In the present study, 414 adults aged 65 years or older (144 patients with type 2 diabetes and 270 control participants) were included. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height(2) (ASM/Ht(2)) or appendicular skeletal muscle mass/weight (ASM/Wt) of <2 SD below the sex-specific normal mean of the young reference group, or <lower 20th percentile of total body skeletal muscle mass/weight (TSM/Wt) from control participants. RESULTS Older men with type 2 diabetes showed significantly lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass than those without diabetes (19.5 ± 3.5 kg vs 21.0 ± 2.8 kg, P < 0.001). The prevalence of low muscle mass was consistently higher in older men with diabetes than those without diabetes defined by ASM/Ht(2) (57.6% vs 41.5%, P = 0.040), ASM/Wt (23.7% vs 12.3%, P = 0.046) and TSM/Wt (49.2% vs 20.0%, P < 0.001). In older women with diabetes, the prevalence of low muscle mass was higher than those without diabetes by ASM/Wt (25.9% vs 15.0%, P = 0.044) and TSM/Wt (32.9% vs 20.0%, P = 0.030), but not by ASM/Ht(2) (7.1% vs 8.6%, P = 0.685). The risk of low muscle mass was approximately two- to fourfold higher in older adults with type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In Korean older adults, type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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381
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Drey M, Sieber CC, Degens H, McPhee J, Korhonen MT, Müller K, Ganse B, Rittweger J. Relation between muscle mass, motor units and type of training in master athletes. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 36:70-6. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Drey
- Institute for Biomedicine of Ageing; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nürnberg Germany
| | - Cornel C. Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Ageing; University of Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nürnberg Germany
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester UK
| | - Jamie McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester UK
| | - Marko T. Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center; Department of Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Klaus Müller
- German Aerospace Center; Institute of Aerospace Medicine; Cologne Germany
| | - Bergita Ganse
- German Aerospace Center; Institute of Aerospace Medicine; Cologne Germany
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center; Institute of Aerospace Medicine; Cologne Germany
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382
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Birbrair A, Zhang T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Mintz A, Delbono O. Pericytes: multitasking cells in the regeneration of injured, diseased, and aged skeletal muscle. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:245. [PMID: 25278877 PMCID: PMC4166895 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are perivascular cells that envelop and make intimate connections with adjacent capillary endothelial cells. Recent studies show that they may have a profound impact in skeletal muscle regeneration, innervation, vessel formation, fibrosis, fat accumulation, and ectopic bone formation throughout life. In this review, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of pericytes' influence on adult skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We also discuss how further elucidating their biology may offer new approaches to the treatment of conditions characterized by muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maria L Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA ; Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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383
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Oxytocin is an age-specific circulating hormone that is necessary for muscle maintenance and regeneration. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4082. [PMID: 24915299 PMCID: PMC4512838 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines with age. Previous studies suggest that this process can be reversed by exposure to young circulation, but systemic age-specific factors responsible for this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here we report that oxytocin- a hormone best known for its role in lactation, parturition, and social behaviors - is required for proper muscle tissue regeneration and homeostasis, and that plasma levels of oxytocin decline with age. Inhibition of oxytocin signaling in young animals reduces muscle regeneration, whereas systemic administration of oxytocin rapidly improves muscle regeneration by enhancing aged muscle stem cell activation/proliferation throughactivation of the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. We further show that the genetic lack of oxytocin does not cause a developmental defect in muscle, but instead leads to premature sarcopenia. Considering that oxytocin is an FDA approved drug, this work reveals a potential novel and safe way to combat or prevent skeletal muscle aging.
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384
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Expression of sialic acids in human adult skeletal muscle tissue. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:926-35. [PMID: 24703356 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Investigations mostly in animal models have shown a role of sialic acid in the morphology and functionality of skeletal muscle during development and adult life. Several studies in humans have been performed regarding changes in sialic acid expression in a particular pathology, hereditary inclusion body myopathy, leading to muscular weakness and atrophy, with a similar phenomenon appearing also in sarcopenia of aging. In this study the expression of monomeric and polymeric sialic acids was evaluated in human skeletal muscle during adult life. Surgical biopsies of the Quadriceps femoris muscle from men aged 18-25 years (young group; n=8) and men aged 72-78 (elderly group; n=10) were collected for analysis. Expression of sialic acids was evaluated using lectin histochemistry, associated with enzymatic and chemical treatments to characterize monomeric and polymeric sialic acids. The polysialic acid expression was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Various types of sialic acid in the muscle tissue, in different amounts in the study groups, were detected. Monomeric sialic acids decreased in the elderly group compared with the young group, whereas polysialic acid increased. Sialic acid acetylation was present only in the young group. These findings demonstrated that changes in the expression of sialic acids in skeletal muscle tissue may be related to morphofunctional modifications occurring during aging.
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385
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Motoneuron Loss Is Associated With Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:435-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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386
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Mohler MJ, Fain MJ, Wertheimer AM, Najafi B, Nikolich-Žugich J. The Frailty Syndrome: Clinical measurements and basic underpinnings in humans and animals. Exp Gerontol 2014; 54:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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387
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388
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Correa-de-Araujo R, Hadley E. Skeletal muscle function deficit: a new terminology to embrace the evolving concepts of sarcopenia and age-related muscle dysfunction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:591-4. [PMID: 24737562 PMCID: PMC3999854 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns remain as to the best terminology to embrace sarcopenia's evolving conceptualization. Many of these concerns stem from the fact that age-related decrements in muscle performance associated with physical impairment are only partially explained by decreases in muscle mass and that other pathophysiologic factors contribute to age-related impairments in muscle performance. METHODS Review of literature on the evolving conceptualization of sarcopenia since its early definition in 1989 and concerns with terminology. RESULTS Early definitions of sarcopenia were based solely on muscle mass in relationship to the range of muscle within a reference population. Subsequent definitions added performance criteria to muscle mass alone. The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project identified criteria for clinically relevant low muscle strength (weakness) and low lean mass. Progress on the sarcopenia's evolving definitions has not been accompanied by recommendations on specific terminologies that address the lack of sufficient specificity from the use of an anatomic term to define a functional condition with numerous now known nonanatomic contributory factors. Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit is a broader construct that accommodates a set of diagnoses that includes both sarcopenia and other age-related muscle dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit is proposed as a new terminology to embrace the evolving conceptualization of sarcopenia and other age-related muscle dysfunctions. It comprises a variety of contributory etiologies and has the potential to provide a framework for developing diagnostic categories that are useful for both clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892-9205.
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389
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Hong HC, Hwang SY, Choi HY, Yoo HJ, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. Relationship between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study. Hepatology 2014; 59:1772-8. [PMID: 23996808 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have shown that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia may share pathophysiological mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and decreased physical activity. However, their direct relationship has not been investigated. The association between NAFLD and sarcopenia was examined in 452 apparently healthy adults enrolled in the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS), an ongoing prospective observational cohort study. The liver attenuation index (LAI), which was measured using abdominal computed tomography (CT), was used as a parameter for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Sarcopenia was defined using a skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) [SMI (%) = total skeletal muscle mass (kg) / weight (kg) × 100] that was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). After adjusting for age and sex, both SMI and LAI were negatively correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.001) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (P < 0.001) as well as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, SMI and LAI had positive relationships with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, but both had a negative relationship with triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total body fat. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for NAFLD risk was 5.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.63-16.33) in the lowest quartile of SMI compared to the highest after adjusting for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION Individuals with lower muscle mass exhibited increased risk of NAFLD. This result may provide a novel insight into the mechanism linking between sarcopenia and NAFLD. (Clinical trial no. NCT01594710.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Cheol Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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390
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Keith SA, Amrit FRG, Ratnappan R, Ghazi A. The C. elegans healthspan and stress-resistance assay toolkit. Methods 2014; 68:476-86. [PMID: 24727065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of knowledge on the genetic mechanisms that govern aging has emerged from the study of mutants that exhibit enhanced longevity and exceptional resilience to adverse environmental conditions. In these studies, lifespan has been an excellent proxy for establishing the rate of aging, but it is not always correlated with qualitative measures of healthy aging or 'healthspan'. Although the attributes of healthspan have been challenging to define, they share some universal features that are increasingly being incorporated into aging studies. Here we describe methods used to determine Caenorhabditis elegans healthspan. These include assessments of tissue integrity and functionality and resistance to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors. We have chosen to include simple, rapid assays in this collection that can be easily undertaken in any C. elegans laboratory, and can be relied on to provide a preliminary but thorough insight into the healthspan of a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Alexander Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Francis Raj Gandhi Amrit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Ramesh Ratnappan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Arjumand Ghazi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7129 Rangos Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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391
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Tajrishi MM, Sato S, Shin J, Zheng TS, Burkly LC, Kumar A. The TWEAK-Fn14 dyad is involved in age-associated pathological changes in skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1219-1224. [PMID: 24680686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is a major clinical problem in the elderly. Recently, proinflammatory cytokine TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 were identified as key mediators of muscle wasting in various catabolic states. However, the role of the TWEAK-Fn14 pathway in pathological changes in skeletal muscle during aging remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the levels of Fn14 are increased in skeletal muscle of 18-month old (aged) mice compared with adult mice. Genetic ablation of Fn14 significantly increased the levels of specific muscle proteins and blunted the age-associated fiber atrophy in mice. While gene expression of two prominent muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases MAFBx and MuRF1 remained comparable, levels of ubiquitinated proteins and the expression of autophagy-related molecule Atg12 were significantly reduced in Fn14-knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type mice during aging. Ablation of Fn14 significantly diminished the DNA-binding activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), gene expression of various inflammatory molecules, and interstitial fibrosis in skeletal muscle of aged mice. Collectively, our study suggests that the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling axis contributes to age-associated muscle atrophy and fibrosis potentially through its local activation of proteolytic systems and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan M Tajrishi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Timothy S Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Linda C Burkly
- Department of Immunology, Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
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392
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Demontiero O, Boersma D, Suriyaarachchi P, Duque G. Clinical Outcomes of Impaired Muscle and Bone Interactions. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-014-9164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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393
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Heymsfield SB, Adamek M, Gonzalez MC, Jia G, Thomas DM. Assessing skeletal muscle mass: historical overview and state of the art. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5:9-18. [PMID: 24532493 PMCID: PMC3953319 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-014-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though skeletal muscle (SM) is the largest body compartment in most adults and a key phenotypic marker of sarcopenia and cachexia, SM mass was until recently difficult and often impractical to quantify in vivo. This review traces the historical development of SM mass measurement methods and their evolution to advances that now promise to provide in-depth noninvasive measures of SM composition. METHODS Key steps in the advancement of SM measurement methods and their application were obtained from historical records and widely cited publications over the past two centuries. Recent advances were established by collecting information on notable studies presented at scientific meetings and their related publications. RESULTS The year 1835 marks the discovery of creatine in meat by Chevreul, a finding that still resonates today in the D3-creatine method of measuring SM mass. Matiegka introduced an anthropometric approach for estimating SM mass in 1921 with the vision of creating a human "capacity" marker. The 1940s saw technological advances eventually leading up to the development of ultrasound and bioimpedance analysis methods of quantifying SM mass in vivo. Continuing to seek an elusive SM mass "reference" method, Burkinshaw and Cohn introduced the whole-body counting-neutron activation analysis method and provided some of the first detailed reports of cancer cachexia in the late 1970s. Three transformative breakthroughs leading to the current SM mass reference methods appeared in the 1970s and early 1980s as follows: the introduction of computed tomography (CT), photon absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Each is advanced as an accurate and/or practical approach to quantifying whole-body and regional SM mass across the lifespan. These advances have led to a new understanding of fundamental body size-SM mass relationships that are now widely applied in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with sarcopenia and cachexia. An intermediate link between SM mass and function is SM composition. Advances in water-fat MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, MR elastography, imaging of connective tissue structures by ultra-short echo time MR, and other new MR approaches promise to close the gap that now exists between SM anatomy and function. CONCLUSIONS The global efforts of scientists over the past two centuries provides us with highly accurate means by which to measure SM mass across the lifespan with new advances promising to extend these efforts to noninvasive methods for quantifying SM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA,
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394
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Berardelli M, De Rango F, Morelli M, Corsonello A, Mazzei B, Mari V, Montesanto A, Lattanzio F, Passarino G. Urinary incontinence in the elderly and in the oldest old: correlation with frailty and mortality. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:206-11. [PMID: 23496115 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is very common in the elderly and has personal and social implications. Many authors have pointed out the necessity to analyze UI in correlation with the overall quality of aging, to better understand this syndrome and define measures for its prevention and treatment. In the present study, we addressed this problem by analyzing the UI correlation with frailty, which has emerged in the last decade as the geriatric syndrome correlated with individual homeostatic capacity and then as the basis of the age-related physical decline. In addition, the monitoring of our sample for a long period allowed us to estimate the prognostic significance of UI by analyzing the correlation between UI and mortality. The analysis was performed in a large sample that included numerous ultra-nonagenarians, a population segment that is still poorly known for UI and other geriatric parameters. We found a strict correlation between UI and frailty, suggesting that UI is correlated to the homeostatic and physiological decline leading to frailty. In addition, we found that UI is an independent mortality risk factor in ultra-nonagenarians, suggesting that the neurological sensitivity needed to be continent is lost very soon when the frailty associated physiological decline begins. On the whole, our study suggests that UI is a marker of frailty and that UI patients should be monitored and, in case, treated in a timely manner to avoid, or to limit, the effects of frailty such as malnutrition, falls, and the consequent accumulation of disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Berardelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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395
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Abstract
Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, was first described in 1997. Since then, myostatin has gained growing attention because of the discovery that myostatin inhibition leads to muscle mass accrual. Myostatin not only plays a key role in muscle homeostasis, but also affects fat and bone. This review will focus on the impact of myostatin and its inhibition on muscle mass/function, adipose tissue and bone density/geometry in humans. Although existing data are sparse, myostatin inhibition leads to increased lean mass and 1 study found a decrease in fat mass and increase in bone formation. In addition, myostatin levels are increased in sarcopenia, cachexia and bed rest whereas they are increased after resistance training, suggesting physiological regulatory of myostatin. Increased myostatin levels have also been found in obesity and levels decrease after weight loss from caloric restriction. Knowledge on the relationship of myostatin with bone is largely based on animal data where elevated myostatin levels lead to decreased BMD and myostatin inhibition improved BMD. In summary, myostatin appears to be a key factor in the integrated physiology of muscle, fat, and bone. It is unclear whether myostatin directly affects fat and bone, or indirectly via muscle. Whether via direct or indirect effects, myostatin inhibition appears to increase muscle and bone mass and decrease fat tissue-a combination that truly appears to be a holy grail. However, at this time, human data for both efficacy and safety are extremely limited. Moreover, whether increased muscle mass also leads to improved function remains to be determined. Ultimately potential beneficial effects of myostatin inhibition will need to be determined based on hard outcomes such as falls and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Buehring
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, UW Madison, 2870 University Ave, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA,
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396
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Abstract
Mouse models with cell-specific deletion of the estrogen receptor (ER) α, the androgen receptor (AR) or the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), as well as cascade-selective estrogenic compounds have provided novel insights into the function and signalling of ERα and AR. The studies reveal that the effects of estrogens on trabecular versus cortical bone mass are mediated by direct effects on osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. The protection of cortical bone mass by estrogens is mediated via ERα, using a non-nucleus-initiated mechanism. By contrast, the AR of mature osteoblasts is indispensable for the maintenance of trabecular bone mass in male mammals, but not required for the anabolic effects of androgens on cortical bone. Most unexpectedly, and independently of estrogens, ERα in osteoblast progenitors stimulates Wnt signalling and periosteal bone accrual in response to mechanical strain. RANKL expression in B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes, contributes to the loss of trabecular bone caused by estrogen deficiency. In this Review, we summarize this evidence and discuss its implications for understanding the regulation of trabecular and cortical bone mass; the integration of hormonal and mechanical signals; the relative importance of estrogens versus androgens in the male skeleton; and, finally, the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
| | - Charles A O'Brien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
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397
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Wagner AL, Urschel KL, Betancourt A, Adams AA, Horohov DW. Effects of advanced age on whole-body protein synthesis and skeletal muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in horses. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:1433-42. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.11.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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398
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Phelps M, Pettan-Brewer C, Ladiges W, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Decline in muscle strength and running endurance in klotho deficient C57BL/6 mice. Biogerontology 2013; 14:729-39. [PMID: 24030242 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alpha klotho (known as klotho) is a multifunctional protein that may be linked to age-associated decline in tissue homeostasis. The original klotho hypomorphic (klotho (hm) ) mouse, produced on a mixed C57BL/6 and C3H background, is short lived and exhibits extensive aging-like deterioration of several body systems. Differently, klotho (hm) mice on a pure C57BL/6 background do not appear sickly nor die young, which has permitted us to gain insight into the effect of klotho deficiency in adult life. First, analyzing klotho transcript levels in the kidney, the main site of klotho production, we demonstrated a 71-fold decline in klotho (hm) females compared to wildtype females versus only a 4-fold decline in mutant males. We then examined the effect of klotho deficiency on muscle-related attributes in adult mice, focusing on 7-11 month old females. Body weight and forelimb grip strength were significantly reduced in klotho (hm) mice compared to wildtype and klotho overexpressing mice. The female mice were also subjected to voluntary wheel running for a period of 6 days. Running endurance was markedly reduced in klotho (hm) mice, which exhibited a sporadic running pattern that may be characteristic of repeated bouts of exhaustions. When actually running, klotho (hm) females ran at the same speed as wildtype and klotho overexpressing mice, but spent about 65 % less time running compared to the other two groups. Our novel results suggest an important link between klotho deficiency and muscle performance. This study provides a foundation for further research on klotho involvement as a potential inhibitor of age-associated muscle deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Phelps
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Room G520, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 35740, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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399
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Froehlich JM, Fowler ZG, Galt NJ, Smith DL, Biga PR. Sarcopenia and piscines: the case for indeterminate-growing fish as unique genetic model organisms in aging and longevity research. Front Genet 2013; 4:159. [PMID: 23967015 PMCID: PMC3743216 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and dynapenia pose significant problems for the aged, especially as life expectancy rises in developed countries. Current therapies are marginally efficacious at best, and barriers to breakthroughs in treatment may result from currently employed model organisms. Here, we argue that the use of indeterminate-growing teleost fish in skeletal muscle aging research may lead to therapeutic advancements not possible with current mammalian models. Evidence from a comparative approach utilizing the subfamily Danioninae suggests that the indeterminate growth paradigm of many teleosts arises from adult muscle stem cells with greater proliferative capacity, even in spite of smaller progenitor populations. We hypothesize that paired-box transcription factors, Pax3/7, are involved with this enhanced self-renewal and that prolonged expression of these factors may allow some fish species to escape, or at least forestall, sarcopenia/dynapenia. Future research efforts should focus on the experimental validation of these genes as key factors in indeterminate growth, both in the context of muscle stem cell proliferation and in prevention of skeletal muscle senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Froehlich
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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400
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Lee WJ, Liu LK, Peng LN, Lin MH, Chen LK. Comparisons of Sarcopenia Defined by IWGS and EWGSOP Criteria Among Older People: Results From the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14:528.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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