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Yin YX, Wang SB, Xiao HJ, Zhang HX, Zhang Z, Jing H, Zhang YL, Chen RG, Gong ZH. Overexpression of the CaTIP1-1 pepper gene in tobacco enhances resistance to osmotic stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20101-16. [PMID: 25375192 PMCID: PMC4264158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the gene expression and activity of water channel protein can control transmembrane water movement. We have reported the overexpression of CaTIP1-1, which caused a decrease in chilling tolerance in transgenic plants by increasing the size of the stomatal pore. CaTIP1-1 expression was strongly induced by salt and mannitol stresses in pepper (Capsicum annuum). However, its biochemical and physiological functions are still unknown in transgenic tobacco. In this study, transient expression of CaTIP1-1-GFP in tobacco suspension cells revealed that the protein was localized in the tonoplast. CaTIP1-1 overexpressed in radicle exhibited vigorous growth under high salt and mannitol treatments more than wild-type plants. The overexpression of CaTIP1-1 pepper gene in tobacco enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities and increased transcription levels of reactive oxygen species-related gene expression under osmotic stresses. Moreover, the viability of transgenic tobacco cells was higher than the wild-type after exposure to stress. The pepper plants with silenced CaTIP1-1 in P70 decreased tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses using the detached leaf method. We concluded that the CaTIP1-1 gene plays an important role in response to osmotic stresses in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xu Yin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Shu-Bin Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China.
| | - Huai-Juan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Huai-Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hua Jing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ying-Li Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Ru-Gang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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352
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Sade N, Shatil-Cohen A, Attia Z, Maurel C, Boursiac Y, Kelly G, Granot D, Yaaran A, Lerner S, Moshelion M. The role of plasma membrane aquaporins in regulating the bundle sheath-mesophyll continuum and leaf hydraulics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1609-20. [PMID: 25266632 PMCID: PMC4226360 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.248633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the cellular role of aquaporins (AQPs) in the regulation of whole-plant hydraulics, in general, and extravascular, radial hydraulic conductance in leaves (K(leaf)), in particular, is still fairly limited. We hypothesized that the AQPs of the vascular bundle sheath (BS) cells regulate K(leaf). To examine this hypothesis, AQP genes were silenced using artificial microRNAs that were expressed constitutively or specifically targeted to the BS. MicroRNA sequences were designed to target all five AQP genes from the PLASMA MEMBRANE-INTRINSIC PROTEIN1 (PIP1) subfamily. Our results show that the constitutively silenced PIP1 (35S promoter) plants had decreased PIP1 transcript and protein levels and decreased mesophyll and BS osmotic water permeability (P(f)), mesophyll conductance of CO2, photosynthesis, K(leaf), transpiration, and shoot biomass. Plants in which the PIP1 subfamily was silenced only in the BS (SCARECROW:microRNA plants) exhibited decreased mesophyll and BS Pf and decreased K(leaf) but no decreases in the rest of the parameters listed above, with the net result of increased shoot biomass. We excluded the possibility of SCARECROW promoter activity in the mesophyll. Hence, the fact that SCARECROW:microRNA mesophyll exhibited reduced P(f), but not reduced mesophyll conductance of CO2, suggests that the BS-mesophyll hydraulic continuum acts as a feed-forward control signal. The role of AQPs in the hierarchy of the hydraulic signal pathway controlling leaf water status under normal and limited-water conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Arava Shatil-Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Ziv Attia
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Adi Yaaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Stephen Lerner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
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353
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van Doorn WG, Kamdee C. Flower opening and closure: an update. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5749-57. [PMID: 25135521 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review is an update of a 2003 review (Journal of Experimental Botany 54,1801-1812) by the same corresponding author. Many examples of flower opening have been recorded using time-lapse photography, showing its velocity and the required elongation growth. Ethylene regulates flower opening, together with at least gibberellins and auxin. Ethylene and gibberellic acid often promote and inhibit, respectively, the expression of DELLA genes and the stability of DELLA proteins. DELLA results in growth inhibition. Both hormones also inhibited and promoted, respectively, the expression of aquaporin genes required for cell elongation. Arabidopsis miRNA319a mutants exhibited narrow and short petals, whereby miRNA319a indirectly regulates auxin effects. Flower opening in roses was controlled by a NAC transcription factor, acting through miRNA164. The regulatory role of light and temperature, in interaction with the circadian clock, has been further elucidated. The end of the life span in many flowers is determined by floral closure. In some species pollination resulted in earlier closure of turgid flowers, compared with unpollinated flowers. It is hypothesized that this pollination-induced effect is only found in flowers in which closure is regulated by ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter G van Doorn
- Mann Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chanattika Kamdee
- Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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354
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Komsic-Buchmann K, Wöstehoff L, Becker B. The contractile vacuole as a key regulator of cellular water flow in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2014; 13:1421-30. [PMID: 25217463 PMCID: PMC4248701 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00163-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Most freshwater flagellates use contractile vacuoles (CVs) to expel excess water. We have used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a green model system to investigate CV function during adaptation to osmotic changes in culture medium. We show that the contractile vacuole in Chlamydomonas is regulated in two different ways. The size of the contractile vacuoles increases during cell growth, with the contraction interval strongly depending on the osmotic strength of the medium. In contrast, there are only small fluctuations in cytosolic osmolarity and plasma membrane permeability. Modeling of the CV membrane permeability indicates that only a small osmotic gradient is necessary for water flux into the CV, which most likely is facilitated by the aquaporin major intrinsic protein 1 (MIP1). We show that MIP1 is localized to the contractile vacuole, and that the expression rate and protein level of MIP1 exhibit only minor fluctuations under different osmotic conditions. In contrast, SEC6, a protein of the exocyst complex that is required for the water expulsion step, and a dynamin-like protein are upregulated under strong hypotonic conditions. The overexpression of a CreMIP1-GFP construct did not change the physiology of the CV. The functional implications of these results are discussed.
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355
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Beauzamy L, Nakayama N, Boudaoud A. Flowers under pressure: ins and outs of turgor regulation in development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1517-33. [PMID: 25288632 PMCID: PMC4204789 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turgor pressure is an essential feature of plants; however, whereas its physiological importance is unequivocally recognized, its relevance to development is often reduced to a role in cell elongation. SCOPE This review surveys the roles of turgor in development, the molecular mechanisms of turgor regulation and the methods used to measure turgor and related quantities, while also covering the basic concepts associated with water potential and water flow in plants. Three key processes in flower development are then considered more specifically: flower opening, anther dehiscence and pollen tube growth. CONCLUSIONS Many molecular determinants of turgor and its regulation have been characterized, while a number of methods are now available to quantify water potential, turgor and hydraulic conductivity. Data on flower opening, anther dehiscence and lateral root emergence suggest that turgor needs to be finely tuned during development, both spatially and temporally. It is anticipated that a combination of biological experiments and physical measurements will reinforce the existing data and reveal unexpected roles of turgor in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léna Beauzamy
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, INRA, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, UCBL Lyon I, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, INRA, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, UCBL Lyon I, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, INRA, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, UCBL Lyon I, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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356
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Heinen RB, Bienert GP, Cohen D, Chevalier AS, Uehlein N, Hachez C, Kaldenhoff R, Le Thiec D, Chaumont F. Expression and characterization of plasma membrane aquaporins in stomatal complexes of Zea mays. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:335-50. [PMID: 25082269 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, the microscopic pores on the surface of the aerial parts of plants, are bordered by two specialized cells, known as guard cells, which control the stomatal aperture according to endogenous and environmental signals. Like most movements occurring in plants, the opening and closing of stomata are based on hydraulic forces. During opening, the activation of plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters results in solute accumulation in the guard cells. To re-establish the perturbed osmotic equilibrium, water follows the solutes into the cells, leading to their swelling. Numerous studies have contributed to the understanding of the mechanism and regulation of stomatal movements. However, despite the importance of transmembrane water flow during this process, only a few studies have provided evidence for the involvement of water channels, called aquaporins. Here, we microdissected Zea mays stomatal complexes and showed that members of the aquaporin plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily are expressed in these complexes and that their mRNA expression generally follows a diurnal pattern. The substrate specificity of two of the expressed ZmPIPs, ZmPIP1;5 and ZmPIP1;6, was investigated by heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes and yeast cells. Our data show that both isoforms facilitate transmembrane water diffusion in the presence of the ZmPIP2;1 isoform. In addition, both display CO2 permeability comparable to that of the CO2 diffusion facilitator NtAQP1. These data indicate that ZmPIPs may have various physiological roles in stomatal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Heinen
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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357
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Yue C, Cao H, Wang L, Zhou Y, Hao X, Zeng J, Wang X, Yang Y. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of tea plant aquaporin (AQP) gene family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:65-76. [PMID: 25093260 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of aquaporin proteins (AQPs) has been extensively studied in plants. However, the information of AQPs in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is unclear. In this manuscript, we isolated 20 full-length AQP cDNAs from the tea plant, and these sequences were classified into five subfamilies. The genes in these subfamilies displayed differential expression profiles in the studied tissues. The CsAQP expression patterns correlated with flower development and opening (FDO) and bud endodormancy (BED). To better understand the short-term expression patterns of CsAQPs in response to abiotic stress, tea plants were treated with abscisic acid (ABA), cold, salt or drought. ABA treatment down-regulated the expression of various CsAQPs. Salt up-regulated the transcription of most CsAQP genes. Cold treatment resulted in a complicated transcriptional regulation pattern for various CsAQPs. The expression of CsAQPs, especially plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (CsPIPs) and tonoplast intrinsic proteins (CsTIPs), was induced by drought and remained relatively high after rehydration in leaves, whereas almost all the CsAQPs were repressed in roots. Our results highlighted the diversity of CsAQPs in the tea plant and demonstrated that the CsPIP and CsTIP genes play a vital role in the stress response as well as in FDO and BED. Furthermore, certain CsSIPs (small basic intrinsic proteins), CsNIPs (NOD26-like intrinsic proteins) and CsXIPs (X intrinsic proteins) may regulate BED and FDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yue
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Hongli Cao
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; National Center for Tea Improvement, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; National Center for Tea Improvement, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; National Center for Tea Improvement, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Yajun Yang
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; National Center for Tea Improvement, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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358
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Robbins NE, Trontin C, Duan L, Dinneny JR. Beyond the barrier: communication in the root through the endodermis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:551-9. [PMID: 25125504 PMCID: PMC4213087 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The root endodermis is characterized by the Casparian strip and by the suberin lamellae, two hydrophobic barriers that restrict the free diffusion of molecules between the inner cell layers of the root and the outer environment. The presence of these barriers and the position of the endodermis between the inner and outer parts of the root require that communication between these two domains acts through the endodermis. Recent work on hormone signaling, propagation of calcium waves, and plant-fungal symbiosis has provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that the endodermis acts as a signaling center. The endodermis is also a unique mechanical barrier to organogenesis, which must be overcome through chemical and mechanical cross talk between cell layers to allow for development of new lateral organs while maintaining its barrier functions. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding these two important aspects of the endodermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Robbins
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R., C.T., L.D., J.R.D.); andDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R.)
| | - Charlotte Trontin
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R., C.T., L.D., J.R.D.); andDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R.)
| | - Lina Duan
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R., C.T., L.D., J.R.D.); andDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R.)
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R., C.T., L.D., J.R.D.); andDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (N.E.R.)
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359
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Gavrin A, Kaiser BN, Geiger D, Tyerman SD, Wen Z, Bisseling T, Fedorova EE. Adjustment of host cells for accommodation of symbiotic bacteria: vacuole defunctionalization, HOPS suppression, and TIP1g retargeting in Medicago. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3809-22. [PMID: 25217511 PMCID: PMC4213156 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.128736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In legume-rhizobia symbioses, the bacteria in infected cells are enclosed in a plant membrane, forming organelle-like compartments called symbiosomes. Symbiosomes remain as individual units and avoid fusion with lytic vacuoles of host cells. We observed changes in the vacuole volume of infected cells and thus hypothesized that microsymbionts may cause modifications in vacuole formation or function. To examine this, we quantified the volumes and surface areas of plant cells, vacuoles, and symbiosomes in root nodules of Medicago truncatula and analyzed the expression and localization of VPS11 and VPS39, members of the HOPS vacuole-tethering complex. During the maturation of symbiosomes to become N2-fixing organelles, a developmental switch occurs and changes in vacuole features are induced. For example, we found that expression of VPS11 and VPS39 in infected cells is suppressed and host cell vacuoles contract, permitting the expansion of symbiosomes. Trafficking of tonoplast-targeted proteins in infected symbiotic cells is also altered, as shown by retargeting of the aquaporin TIP1g from the tonoplast membrane to the symbiosome membrane. This retargeting appears to be essential for the maturation of symbiosomes. We propose that these alterations in the function of the vacuole are key events in the adaptation of the plant cell to host intracellular symbiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Gavrin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brent N Kaiser
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Wen
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena E Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chevalier AS, Bienert GP, Chaumont F. A new LxxxA motif in the transmembrane Helix3 of maize aquaporins belonging to the plasma membrane intrinsic protein PIP2 group is required for their trafficking to the plasma membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:125-38. [PMID: 24989232 PMCID: PMC4149701 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins play important roles in maintaining plant water status under challenging environments. The regulation of aquaporin density in cell membranes is essential to control transcellular water flows. This work focuses on the maize (Zea mays) plasma membrane intrinsic protein (ZmPIP) aquaporin subfamily, which is divided into two sequence-related groups (ZmPIP1s and ZmPIP2s). When expressed alone in mesophyll protoplasts, ZmPIP2s are efficiently targeted to the plasma membrane, whereas ZmPIP1s are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A protein domain-swapping approach was utilized to demonstrate that the transmembrane domain3 (TM3), together with the previously identified N-terminal ER export diacidic motif, account for the differential localization of these proteins. In addition to protoplasts, leaf epidermal cells transiently transformed by biolistic particle delivery were used to confirm and refine these results. By generating artificial proteins consisting of a single transmembrane domain, we demonstrated that the TM3 of ZmPIP1;2 or ZmPIP2;5 discriminates between ER and plasma membrane localization, respectively. More specifically, a new LxxxA motif in the TM3 of ZmPIP2;5, which is highly conserved in plant PIP2s, was shown to regulate its anterograde routing along the secretory pathway, particularly its export from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien S Chevalier
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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361
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Transendothelial Transport and Its Role in Therapeutics. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:309404. [PMID: 27355037 PMCID: PMC4897564 DOI: 10.1155/2014/309404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Present review paper highlights role of BBB in endothelial transport of various substances into the brain. More specifically, permeability functions of BBB in transendothelial transport of various substances such as metabolic fuels, ethanol, amino acids, proteins, peptides, lipids, vitamins, neurotransmitters, monocarbxylic acids, gases, water, and minerals in the peripheral circulation and into the brain have been widely explained. In addition, roles of various receptors, ATP powered pumps, channels, and transporters in transport of vital molecules in maintenance of homeostasis and normal body functions have been described in detail. Major role of integral membrane proteins, carriers, or transporters in drug transport is highlighted. Both diffusion and carrier mediated transport mechanisms which facilitate molecular trafficking through transcellular route to maintain influx and outflux of important nutrients and metabolic substances are elucidated. Present review paper aims to emphasize role of important transport systems with their recent advancements in CNS protection mainly for providing a rapid clinical aid to patients. This review also suggests requirement of new well-designed therapeutic strategies mainly potential techniques, appropriate drug formulations, and new transport systems for quick, easy, and safe delivery of drugs across blood brain barrier to save the life of tumor and virus infected patients.
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362
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Zhou L, Wang C, Liu R, Han Q, Vandeleur RK, Du J, Tyerman S, Shou H. Constitutive overexpression of soybean plasma membrane intrinsic protein GmPIP1;6 confers salt tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:181. [PMID: 24998596 PMCID: PMC4105146 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under saline conditions, plant growth is depressed via osmotic stress and salt can accumulate in leaves leading to further depression of growth due to reduced photosynthesis and gas exchange. Aquaporins are proposed to have a major role in growth of plants via their impact on root water uptake and leaf gas exchange. In this study, soybean plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1;6 (GmPIP1;6) was constitutively overexpressed to evaluate the function of GmPIP1;6 in growth regulation and salt tolerance in soybean. RESULTS GmPIP1;6 is highly expressed in roots as well as reproductive tissues and the protein targeted to the plasma membrane in onion epidermis. Treatment with 100 mM NaCl resulted in reduced expression initially, then after 3 days the expression was increased in root and leaves. The effects of constitutive overexpression of GmPIP1;6 in soybean was examined under normal and salt stress conditions. Overexpression in 2 independent lines resulted in enhanced leaf gas exchange, but not growth under normal conditions compared to wild type (WT). With 100 mM NaCl, net assimilation was much higher in the GmPIP1;6-Oe and growth was enhanced relative to WT. GmPIP1;6-Oe plants did not have higher root hydraulic conductance (Lo) under normal conditions, but were able to maintain Lo under saline conditions compared to WT which decreased Lo. GmPIP1;6-Oe lines grown in the field had increased yield resulting mainly from increased seed size. CONCLUSIONS The general impact of overexpression of GmPIP1;6 suggests that it may be a multifunctional aquaporin involved in root water transport, photosynthesis and seed loading. GmPIP1;6 is a valuable gene for genetic engineering to improve soybean yield and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Present Address: College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Rebecca K Vandeleur
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Steven Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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363
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Hachez C, Laloux T, Reinhardt H, Cavez D, Degand H, Grefen C, De Rycke R, Inzé D, Blatt MR, Russinova E, Chaumont F. Arabidopsis SNAREs SYP61 and SYP121 coordinate the trafficking of plasma membrane aquaporin PIP2;7 to modulate the cell membrane water permeability. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3132-47. [PMID: 25082856 PMCID: PMC4145137 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are aquaporins that facilitate the passive movement of water and small neutral solutes through biological membranes. Here, we report that post-Golgi trafficking of PIP2;7 in Arabidopsis thaliana involves specific interactions with two syntaxin proteins, namely, the Qc-SNARE SYP61 and the Qa-SNARE SYP121, that the proper delivery of PIP2;7 to the plasma membrane depends on the activity of the two SNAREs, and that the SNAREs colocalize and physically interact. These findings are indicative of an important role for SYP61 and SYP121, possibly forming a SNARE complex. Our data support a model in which direct interactions between specific SNARE proteins and PIP aquaporins modulate their post-Golgi trafficking and thus contribute to the fine-tuning of the water permeability of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Hachez
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timothée Laloux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hagen Reinhardt
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Damien Cavez
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hervé Degand
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christopher Grefen
- Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Developmental Genetics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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365
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Lobet G, Couvreur V, Meunier F, Javaux M, Draye X. Plant water uptake in drying soils. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1619-27. [PMID: 24515834 PMCID: PMC3982728 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, investigations on root water uptake have evolved toward a deeper integration of the soil and roots compartment properties, with the goal of improving our understanding of water acquisition from drying soils. This evolution parallels the increasing attention of agronomists to suboptimal crop production environments. Recent results have led to the description of root system architectures that might contribute to deep-water extraction or to water-saving strategies. In addition, the manipulation of root hydraulic properties would provide further opportunities to improve water uptake. However, modeling studies highlight the role of soil hydraulics in the control of water uptake in drying soil and call for integrative soil-plant system approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lobet
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
| | - Félicien Meunier
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
| | - Mathieu Javaux
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
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Athman A, Tanz SK, Conn VM, Jordans C, Mayo GM, Ng WW, Burton RA, Conn SJ, Gilliham M. Protocol: a fast and simple in situ PCR method for localising gene expression in plant tissue. PLANT METHODS 2014; 10:29. [PMID: 25250056 PMCID: PMC4171716 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important step in characterising the function of a gene is identifying the cells in which it is expressed. Traditional methods to determine this include in situ hybridisation, gene promoter-reporter fusions or cell isolation/purification techniques followed by quantitative PCR. These methods, although frequently used, can have limitations including their time-consuming nature, limited specificity, reliance upon well-annotated promoters, high cost, and the need for specialized equipment. In situ PCR is a relatively simple and rapid method that involves the amplification of specific mRNA directly within plant tissue whilst incorporating labelled nucleotides that are subsequently detected by immunohistochemistry. Another notable advantage of this technique is that it can be used on plants that are not easily genetically transformed. RESULTS An optimised workflow for in-tube and on-slide in situ PCR is presented that has been evaluated using multiple plant species and tissue types. The protocol includes optimised methods for: (i) fixing, embedding, and sectioning of plant tissue; (ii) DNase treatment; (iii) in situ RT-PCR with the incorporation of DIG-labelled nucleotides; (iv) signal detection using colourimetric alkaline phosphatase substrates; and (v) mounting and microscopy. We also provide advice on troubleshooting and the limitations of using fluorescence as an alternative detection method. Using our protocol, reliable results can be obtained within two days from harvesting plant material. This method requires limited specialized equipment and can be adopted by any laboratory with a vibratome (vibrating blade microtome), a standard thermocycler, and a microscope. We show that the technique can be used to localise gene expression with cell-specific resolution. CONCLUSIONS The in situ PCR method presented here is highly sensitive and specific. It reliably identifies the cellular expression pattern of even highly homologous and low abundance transcripts within target tissues, and can be completed within two days of harvesting tissue. As such, it has considerable advantages over other methods, especially in terms of time and cost. We recommend its adoption as the standard laboratory technique of choice for demonstrating the cellular expression pattern of a gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmini Athman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Sandra K Tanz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vanessa M Conn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Charlotte Jordans
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gwenda M Mayo
- Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Adelaide Microscopy Waite Facility, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Weng W Ng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Simon J Conn
- Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, Division Immunology, Level 3, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Jarzyniak KM, Jasiński M. Membrane transporters and drought resistance - a complex issue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:687. [PMID: 25538721 PMCID: PMC4255493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Land plants have evolved complex adaptation strategies to survive changes in water status in the environment. Understanding the molecular nature of such adaptive changes allows the development of rapid innovations to improve crop performance. Plant membrane transport systems play a significant role when adjusting to water scarcity. Here we put proteins participating in transmembrane allocations of various molecules in the context of stomatal, cuticular, and root responses, representing a part of the drought resistance strategy. Their role in the transport of signaling molecules, ions or osmolytes is summarized and the challenge of the forthcoming research, resulting from the recent discoveries, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Jarzyniak
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesPoznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life SciencesPoznań, Poland
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesPoznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life SciencesPoznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michał Jasiński, Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań 61-704, Poland e-mail:
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Aroca R, Ferrante A, Vernieri P, Chrispeels MJ. Drought, abscisic acid and transpiration rate effects on the regulation of PIP aquaporin gene expression and abundance in Phaseolus vulgaris plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2006; 130:735-745. [PMID: 28303406 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Drought causes a decline of root hydraulic conductance, which aside from embolisms, is governed ultimately by aquaporins. Multiple factors probably regulate aquaporin expression, abundance and activity in leaf and root tissues during drought; among these are the leaf transpiration rate, leaf water status, abscisic acid (ABA) and soil water content. Here a study is made of how these factors could influence the response of aquaporin to drought. METHODS Three plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) or aquaporins were cloned from Phaseolus vulgaris plants and their expression was analysed after 4 d of water deprivation and also 1 d after re-watering. The effects of ABA and of methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of stomatal opening, on gene expression and protein abundance were also analysed. Protein abundance was examined using antibodies against PIP1 and PIP2 aquaporins. At the same time, root hydraulic conductance (L), transpiration rate, leaf water status and ABA tissue concentration were measured. KEY RESULTS None of the treatments (drought, ABA or MTX) changed the leaf water status or tissue ABA concentration. The three treatments caused a decline in the transpiration rate and raised PVPIP2;1 gene expression and PIP1 protein abundance in the leaves. In the roots, only the drought treatment raised the expression of the three PIP genes examined, while at the same time diminishing PIP2 protein abundance and L. On the other hand, ABA raised both root PIP1 protein abundance and L. CONCLUSIONS The rise of PvPIP2;1 gene expression and PIP1 protein abundance in the leaves of P. vulgaris plants subjected to drought was correlated with a decline in the transpiration rate. At the same time, the increase in the expression of the three PIP genes examined caused by drought and the decline of PIP2 protein abundance in the root tissues were not correlated with any of the parameters measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Aroca
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
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