351
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Role of granule proteases in the life and death of neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:473-481. [PMID: 28212734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute a crucial component of the innate immune defenses against microbes. Produced in the bone marrow and patrolling in blood vessels, neutrophils are recruited to injured tissues and are immediately active to contain pathogen invasion. Neutrophils undergo programmed cell death by multiple, context-specific pathways, which have consequences on immunopathology and disease outcome. Studies in the last decade indicate additional functions for neutrophils - or a subset of neutrophils - in modulating adaptive responses and tumor progression. Neutrophil granules contain abundant amounts of various proteases, which are directly implicated in protective and pathogenic functions of neutrophils. It now emerges that neutral serine proteases such as cathepsin G and proteinase-3 also contribute to the neutrophil life cycle, but do so via different pathways than that of the aspartate protease cathepsin D and that of mutants of the serine protease elastase. The aim of this review is to appraise the present knowledge of the function of neutrophil granule proteases and their inhibitors in neutrophil cell death, and to integrate these findings in the current understandings of neutrophil life cycle and programmed cell death pathways.
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352
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Zhong XZ, Zou Y, Sun X, Dong G, Cao Q, Pandey A, Rainey JK, Zhu X, Dong XP. Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) by Lysosomal Adenosine Involved in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3445-3455. [PMID: 28087698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired adenosine homeostasis has been associated with numerous human diseases. Lysosomes are referred to as the cellular recycling centers that generate adenosine by breaking down nucleic acids or ATP. Recent studies have suggested that lysosomal adenosine overload causes lysosome defects that phenocopy patients with mutations in transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ channel, suggesting that lysosomal adenosine overload may impair TRPML1 and then lead to subsequent lysosomal dysfunction. In this study, we demonstrate that lysosomal adenosine is elevated by deleting adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme responsible for adenosine degradation. We also show that lysosomal adenosine accumulation inhibits TRPML1, which is rescued by overexpressing ENT3, the adenosine transporter situated in the lysosome membrane. Moreover, ADA deficiency results in lysosome enlargement, alkalinization, and dysfunction. These are rescued by activating TRPML1. Importantly, ADA-deficient B-lymphocytes are more vulnerable to oxidative stress, and this was rescued by TRPML1 activation. Our data suggest that lysosomal adenosine accumulation impairs lysosome function by inhibiting TRPML1 and subsequently leads to cell death in B-lymphocytes. Activating TRPML1 could be a new therapeutic strategy for those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xue Sun
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 Jilin, China
| | | | - Qi Cao
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Aditya Pandey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 Jilin, China
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353
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Single Cell Analysis of Phagocytosis, Phagosome Maturation, Phagolysosomal Leakage, and Cell Death Following Exposure of Macrophages to Silica Particles. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1519:55-77. [PMID: 27815873 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6581-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of silica in various occupational settings results in the development of silicosis, a disease characterized by lung fibrosis. Uptake of silica particles by alveolar macrophages results in cell death and this is one of the contributing factors to the development of silicosis. We have characterized the uncoated or protein-coated (non-opsonized) and Fc receptor-mediated (antibody-opsonized) routes of silica phagocytosis and toxicity. Numerous microscopy techniques and fluorescent probes are outlined in this chapter to carefully measure particle uptake, by macrophages, phagosome maturation, phagosomal reactive oxygen species generation, phagolysosomal leakage, and cell death.
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354
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Huang BP, Lin CS, Wang CJ, Kao SH. Upregulation of heat shock protein 70 and the differential protein expression induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances migration and inhibits apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:284-293. [PMID: 28367089 PMCID: PMC5370291 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays diverse roles in liver damage and hepatocarcinogenesis with its multipotent bioactivity. However, the influence of TNFα on protein expression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incompletely understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the differential protein expression of HCC in response to TNFα stimulus. We observed that HepG2 cell revealed a higher resistance to TNFα-induced apoptosis as compared to the non-tumorigenic hepatocyte THLE-2. By using a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, we found that 520 proteins were differentially expressed in the HepG2 cells exposed to TNFα, including 211 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated proteins. We further confirmed several proteins with significant expression change (TNFα/control ratio>2.0 or <0.5) by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. We also analyzed the differential expressed proteins using Gene ontology and KEGG annotations, and the results implicated that TNFα might regulate ribosome, spliceosome, antigen processing and presentation, and energy metabolism in HepG2 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was involved in both the promoted migration and the inhibited apoptosis of HepG2 cells in response to TNFα. Collectively, these findings indicate that TNFα alters protein expression such as HSP70, which triggering specific molecular processes and signaling cascades that promote migration and inhibit apoptosis of HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee-Piao Huang
- Department of pathology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shiang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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355
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Dual Detection of Nucleolytic and Proteolytic Markers of Lysosomal Cell Death: DNase II-Type Breaks and Cathepsin D. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1554:229-236. [PMID: 28185196 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6759-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that can degrade proteins and DNA. Leakage of these reactive compounds through a compromised lysosomal membrane causes lysosomal cell death, which can have apoptotic, necrotic, or mixed morphology. Lysosomal cathepsin proteases, such as cathepsin D, and the lysosomal endonuclease, DNase II, have both been implicated in lysosome-related cell death. Here, we present a fluorescence dual-labeling technique for simultaneous visualization of these two markers of lysosomal activity linked to cell death. The approach labels the intracellular distribution of cathepsin D and the sites with DNase II-type breaks in fixed tissue sections. It determines the lysosomal or extra-lysosomal localization of the markers and can be useful in studying pathways and signals of lysosomal cell death.
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356
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Bunderson-Schelvan M, Holian A, Hamilton RF. Engineered nanomaterial-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and anti-cathepsin agents. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:230-248. [PMID: 28632040 PMCID: PMC6127079 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1305924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), or small anthropogenic particles approximately < 100 nm in size and of various shapes and compositions, are increasingly incorporated into commercial products and used for industrial and medical purposes. There is an exposure risk to both the population at large and individuals in the workplace with inhalation exposures to ENMs being a primary concern. Further, there is increasing evidence to suggest that certain ENMs may represent a significant health risk, and many of these ENMs exhibit distinct similarities with other particles and fibers that are known to induce adverse health effects, such as asbestos, silica, and particulate matter (PM). Evidence regarding the importance of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of cathepsins in ENM toxicity has been accumulating. The aim of this review was to describe our current understanding of the mechanisms leading to ENM-associated pathologies, including LMP and the role of cathepsins with a focus on inflammation. In addition, anti-cathepsin agents, some of which have been tested in clinical trials and may prove useful for ameliorating the harmful effects of ENM exposure, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Raymond F. Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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357
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Jin Y, Liu X, Liu H, Chen S, Gao C, Ge K, Zhang C, Zhang J. Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles through lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPs) cause apoptosis of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells through oxidative stress-induced lysosomal and mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Huifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Shizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Chunyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Cuimiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
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358
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Hailey DW, Esterberg R, Linbo TH, Rubel EW, Raible DW. Fluorescent aminoglycosides reveal intracellular trafficking routes in mechanosensory hair cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:472-486. [PMID: 27991862 DOI: 10.1172/jci85052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AGs) are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are associated with kidney damage, balance disorders, and permanent hearing loss. This damage occurs primarily by killing of proximal tubule kidney cells and mechanosensory hair cells, though the mechanisms underlying cell death are not clear. Imaging molecules of interest in living cells can elucidate how molecules enter cells, traverse intracellular compartments, and interact with sites of activity. Here, we have imaged fluorescently labeled AGs in live zebrafish mechanosensory hair cells. We determined that AGs enter hair cells via both nonendocytic and endocytic pathways. Both routes deliver AGs from the extracellular space to lysosomes, and structural differences between AGs alter the efficiency of this delivery. AGs with slower delivery to lysosomes were immediately toxic to hair cells, and impeding lysosome delivery increased AG-induced death. Therefore, pro-death cascades induced at early time points of AG exposure do not appear to derive from the lysosome. Our findings help clarify how AGs induce hair cell death and reveal properties that predict toxicity. Establishing signatures for AG toxicity may enable more efficient evaluation of AG treatment paradigms and structural modifications to reduce hair cell damage. Further, this work demonstrates how following fluorescently labeled drugs at high resolution in living cells can reveal important details about how drugs of interest behave.
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359
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Neveu B, Spinella JF, Richer C, Lagacé K, Cassart P, Lajoie M, Jananji S, Drouin S, Healy J, Hickson GRX, Sinnett D. CLIC5: a novel ETV6 target gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2016; 101:1534-1543. [PMID: 27540136 PMCID: PMC5479611 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.149740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common rearrangement in childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation resulting in the ETV6-AML1 fusion gene. A frequent concomitant event is the loss of the residual ETV6 allele suggesting a critical role for the ETV6 transcriptional repressor in the etiology of this cancer. However, the precise mechanism through which loss of functional ETV6 contributes to disease pathogenesis is still unclear. To investigate the impact of ETV6 loss on the transcriptional network and to identify new transcriptional targets of ETV6, we used whole transcriptome analysis of both pre-B leukemic cell lines and patients combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation. Using this integrative approach, we identified 4 novel direct ETV6 target genes: CLIC5, BIRC7, ANGPTL2 and WBP1L To further evaluate the role of chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC5 in leukemogenesis, we generated cell lines overexpressing CLIC5 and demonstrated an increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. We further described the implications of CLIC5's ion channel activity in lysosomal-mediated cell death, possibly by modulating the function of the transferrin receptor with which it colocalizes intracellularly. For the first time, we showed that loss of ETV6 leads to significant overexpression of CLIC5, which in turn leads to decreased lysosome-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggest that heightened CLIC5 activity could promote a permissive environment for oxidative stress-induced DNA damage accumulation, and thereby contribute to leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neveu
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Spinella
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Molecular biology program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Karine Lagacé
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Simon Drouin
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jasmine Healy
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilles R X Hickson
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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360
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Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B. Lysosomal cathepsins and their regulation in aging and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:22-37. [PMID: 27125852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes and lysosomal hydrolases, including the cathepsins, have been shown to change their properties with aging brain a long time ago, although their function was not really understood. The first biochemical and clinical studies were followed by a major expansion in the last 20 years with the development of animal disease models and new approaches leading to a major advancement of understanding of the role of physiological and degenerative processes in the brain at the molecular level. This includes the understanding of the major role of autophagy and the cathepsins in a number of diseases, including its critical role in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Similarly, cathepsins and some other lysosomal proteases were shown to have important roles in processing and/or degradation of several important neuronal proteins, thereby having either neuroprotective or harmful roles. In this review, we discuss lysosomal cathepsins and their regulation with the focus on cysteine cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors, as well as their role in several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Stoka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; J. Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vito Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; J. Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova 39, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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361
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Mathews PM, Levy E. Cystatin C in aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:38-50. [PMID: 27333827 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the function of catalytically active proteases is regulated, in part, by their endogenous inhibitors, and any change in the synthesis and/or function of a protease or its endogenous inhibitors may result in inappropriate protease activity. Altered proteolysis as a result of an imbalance between active proteases and their endogenous inhibitors can occur during normal aging, and such changes have also been associated with multiple neuronal diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), rare heritable neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia, some forms of epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the most extensively studied endogenous inhibitor is the cysteine-protease inhibitor cystatin C (CysC). Changes in the expression and secretion of CysC in the brain have been described in various neurological disorders and in animal models of neurodegeneration, underscoring a role for CysC in these conditions. In the brain, multiple in vitro and in vivo findings have demonstrated that CysC plays protective roles via pathways that depend upon the inhibition of endosomal-lysosomal pathway cysteine proteases, such as cathepsin B (Cat B), via the induction of cellular autophagy, via the induction of cell proliferation, or via the inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation. We review the data demonstrating the protective roles of CysC under conditions of neuronal challenge and the protective pathways induced by CysC under various conditions. Beyond highlighting the essential role that balanced proteolytic activity plays in supporting normal brain aging, these findings suggest that CysC is a therapeutic candidate that can potentially prevent brain damage and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mathews
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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362
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Can 'calpain-cathepsin hypothesis' explain Alzheimer neuronal death? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:169-179. [PMID: 27306474 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells, so their homeostasis and survival depend on the tightly-regulated, continuous protein degradation, synthesis, and turnover. In neurons, autophagy is indispensable to facilitate recycling of long-lived, damaged proteins and organelles in a lysosome-dependent manner. Since lysosomal proteolysis under basal conditions performs an essential housekeeping function, inhibition of the proteolysis exacerbates level of neurodegeneration. The latter is characterized by an accumulation of abnormal proteins or organelles within autophagic vacuoles which reveal as 'granulo-vacuolar degenerations' on microscopy. Heat-shock protein70.1 (Hsp70.1), as a means of molecular chaperone and lysosomal stabilizer, is a potent survival protein that confers neuroprotection against diverse stimuli, but its depletion induces neurodegeneration via autophagy failure. In response to hydroxynonenal generated from linoleic or arachidonic acids by the reactive oxygen species, a specific oxidative injury 'carbonylation' occurs at the key site Arg469 of Hsp70.1. Oxidative stress-induced carbonylation of Hsp70.1, in coordination with the calpain-mediated cleavage, leads to lysosomal destabilization/rupture and release of cathepsins with the resultant neuronal death. Hsp70.1 carbonylation which occurs anywhere in the brain is indispensable for neuronal death, but extent of calpain activation should be more crucial for determining the cell death fate. Importantly, not only acute ischemia during stroke but also chronic ischemia due to ageing may cause calpain activation. Here, role of Hsp70.1-mediated lysosomal rupture is discussed by comparing ischemic and Alzheimer neuronal death. A common neuronal death cascade may exist between cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease.
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363
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Gómez-Sintes R, Ledesma MD, Boya P. Lysosomal cell death mechanisms in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:150-168. [PMID: 26947122 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradative organelles essential for cell homeostasis that regulate a variety of processes, from calcium signaling and nutrient responses to autophagic degradation of intracellular components. Lysosomal cell death is mediated by the lethal effects of cathepsins, which are released into the cytoplasm following lysosomal damage. This process of lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin release is observed in several physiopathological conditions and plays a role in tissue remodeling, the immune response to intracellular pathogens and neurodegenerative diseases. Many evidences indicate that aging strongly influences lysosomal activity by altering the physical and chemical properties of these organelles, rendering them more sensitive to stress. In this review we focus on how aging alters lysosomal function and increases cell sensitivity to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lysosomal cell death, both in physiological conditions and age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Sintes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CIB-CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ledesma
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CIB-CSIC, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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364
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Malet JK, Cossart P, Ribet D. Alteration of epithelial cell lysosomal integrity induced by bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27739224 PMCID: PMC5347955 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens can interfere during infection with host cell organelles, such as mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi system or nuclei. As important cellular functions are often compartmentalized in these organelles, their targeting allows pathogens to manipulate key host functions during infection. Here, we identify lysosomes as a new class of organelles targeted by the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. We demonstrate that extracellular Listeria, via secretion of the pore‐forming toxin listeriolysin O, alters lysosomal integrity in epithelial cells but not in macrophages. Listeriolysin O induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and release of lysosomal content, such as cathepsins proteases, which remain transiently active in the host cytosol. We furthermore show that other bacterial pore‐forming toxins, such as perfringolysin O and pneumolysin, also induce lysosomes alteration. Together, our data unveil a novel activity of bacterial cholesterol‐dependent cytolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Karim Malet
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, U604, F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France.,Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, U604, F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - David Ribet
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France.,Inserm, U604, F-75015, Paris, France.,INRA, USC2020, F-75015, Paris, France
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365
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Abstract
In the early 50s, Christian De Duve identified a new cellular structure, the lysosome, defined as the cell's “suicide bag” (de Duve, 2005). Sixty years later, it is clear that the lysosome greatly exceeded the expectations of its discoverer. Over 50 different types of lysosomal storage diseases have been identified, each due to the deficiency or malfunction of a specific lysosomal protein. In addition, an important role of the lysosome has been unveiled in several common human diseases, such as cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and infection. Recent studies have led to the identification of a lysosome‐to‐nucleus signaling pathway and a lysosomal gene network that regulate cellular clearance and energy metabolism. These observations have opened a completely new field of research and changed our traditional view of the lysosome from a dead‐end organelle to a control center of cell metabolism. An important challenge for the future will be to exploit these discoveries to identify modulators of lysosomal function that may be used to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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366
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Abstract
Lysosomes (or lytic bodies) were so named because they contain high levels of hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosome function and dysfunction have been found to play important roles in human disease, including cancer; however, the ways in which lysosomes contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression are still being uncovered. Beyond serving as a cellular recycling center, recent evidence suggests that the lysosome is involved in energy homeostasis, generating building blocks for cell growth, mitogenic signaling, priming tissues for angiogenesis and metastasis formation, and activating transcriptional programs. This review examines emerging knowledge of how lysosomal processes contribute to the hallmarks of cancer and highlights vulnerabilities that might be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; , .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; , .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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367
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Abstract
The lysosome has long been viewed as the recycling center of the cell. However, recent discoveries have challenged this simple view and have established a central role of the lysosome in nutrient-dependent signal transduction. The degradative role of the lysosome and its newly discovered signaling functions are not in conflict but rather cooperate extensively to mediate fundamental cellular activities such as nutrient sensing, metabolic adaptation, and quality control of proteins and organelles. Moreover, lysosome-based signaling and degradation are subject to reciprocal regulation. Transcriptional programs of increasing complexity control the biogenesis, composition, and abundance of lysosomes and fine-tune their activity to match the evolving needs of the cell. Alterations in these essential activities are, not surprisingly, central to the pathophysiology of an ever-expanding spectrum of conditions, including storage disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Thus, unraveling the functions of this fascinating organelle will contribute to our understanding of the fundamental logic of metabolic organization and will point to novel therapeutic avenues in several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143;
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
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368
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Chen F, Deng Z, Xiong Z, Zhang B, Yang J, Hu J. A ROS-mediated lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway is induced by ginsenoside Rh2 in hepatoma HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2016; 6:3828-37. [PMID: 26449932 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2), isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, has been proven as an anticancer compound both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the role of the lysosomes during the apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by GRh2. The results showed that GRh2 significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the HepG2 cells, which consequently resulted in early lysosomal membrane permeabilization with the release of cathepsin B (Cat B) to the cytosol. Western blot analysis showed that the released Cat B in the cytosol contributed to Bid cleavage. Subsequently mitochondrial damage was observed in the HepG2 cells. Interestingly, when the HepG2 cells were pre-treated with N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) for 1 h, which inhibited ROS generation before being exposed to GRh2, the permeabilization of lysosomal membranes and the levels of Cat B in the cytosol were down-regulated. Moreover, mitochondrial damage was alleviated when the HepG2 cells were pre-treated with leupeptin (Leu). From the above results, it could be concluded that GRh2 induced apoptosis of the HepG2 cells through accumulation of ROS and activation of the lysosomal-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involving the release of Cat B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - ZeYuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - ZengXing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - JianYuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - JiangNing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China. and College of Life Science & Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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369
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Pagliero RJ, D'Astolfo DS, Lelieveld D, Pratiwi RD, Aits S, Jaattela M, Martin NI, Klumperman J, Egan DA. Discovery of Small Molecules That Induce Lysosomal Cell Death in Cancer Cell Lines Using an Image-Based Screening Platform. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:489-510. [PMID: 27732064 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal cell death (LCD) pathway is a caspase 3-independent cell death pathway that has been suggested as a possible target for cancer therapy, making the development of sensitive and specific high-throughput (HT) assays to identify LCD inducers highly desirable. In this study, we report a two-step HT screening platform to reliably identify such molecules. First, using a robust HT primary screen based on propidium iodide uptake, we identified compounds that kill through nonapoptotic pathways. A phenotypic image-based assay using a galectin-3 (Gal-3) reporter was then used to further classify hits based on lysosomal permeabilization, a hallmark of LCD. The identification of permeabilized lysosomes in our image-based assay is not affected by changes in the lysosomal pH, thus resolving an important limitation in currently used methods. We have validated our platform in a screen by identifying 24 LCD inducers, some previously known to induce LCD. Although most LCD inducers were cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs), we have also identified a non-CAD LCD inducer, which is of great interest in the field. Our data also gave new insights into the biology of LCD, suggesting that lysosomal accumulation and acid sphingomyelinase inhibition are not sufficient or necessary for the induction of LCD. Overall, our results demonstrate a robust HT platform to identify novel LCD inducers that will also be very useful for gaining deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of LCD induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina J Pagliero
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Diego S D'Astolfo
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht, the Netherlands .,2 KNAW-Hubrecht Institute , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Lelieveld
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Riyona D Pratiwi
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Aits
- 3 Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jaattela
- 3 Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- 4 Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David A Egan
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht, the Netherlands
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370
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Qi X, Man SM, Malireddi RKS, Karki R, Lupfer C, Gurung P, Neale G, Guy CS, Lamkanfi M, Kanneganti TD. Cathepsin B modulates lysosomal biogenesis and host defense against Francisella novicida infection. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2081-97. [PMID: 27551156 PMCID: PMC5030800 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal cathepsins regulate an exquisite range of biological functions, and their deregulation is associated with inflammatory, metabolic, and degenerative diseases in humans. In this study, we identified a key cell-intrinsic role for cathepsin B as a negative feedback regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Mice and macrophages lacking cathepsin B activity had increased resistance to the cytosolic bacterial pathogen Francisella novicida Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B down-regulated mechanistic target of rapamycin activity and prevented cleavage of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1. These events drove transcription of lysosomal and autophagy genes via transcription factor EB, which increased lysosomal biogenesis and activation of autophagy initiation kinase ULK1 for clearance of the bacteria. Our results identified a fundamental biological function of cathepsin B in providing a checkpoint for homeostatic maintenance of lysosome populations and basic recycling functions in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Qi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | | | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Christopher Lupfer
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Clifford S Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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371
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Hernández-Tiedra S, Fabriàs G, Dávila D, Salanueva ÍJ, Casas J, Montes LR, Antón Z, García-Taboada E, Salazar-Roa M, Lorente M, Nylandsted J, Armstrong J, López-Valero I, McKee CS, Serrano-Puebla A, García-López R, González-Martínez J, Abad JL, Hanada K, Boya P, Goñi F, Guzmán M, Lovat P, Jäättelä M, Alonso A, Velasco G. Dihydroceramide accumulation mediates cytotoxic autophagy of cancer cells via autolysosome destabilization. Autophagy 2016; 12:2213-2229. [PMID: 27635674 PMCID: PMC5103338 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is considered primarily a cell survival process, although it can also lead to cell death. However, the factors that dictate the shift between these 2 opposite outcomes remain largely unknown. In this work, we used Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the main active component of marijuana, a compound that triggers autophagy-mediated cancer cell death) and nutrient deprivation (an autophagic stimulus that triggers cytoprotective autophagy) to investigate the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for the activation of cytotoxic autophagy in cancer cells. By using a wide array of experimental approaches we show that THC (but not nutrient deprivation) increases the dihydroceramide:ceramide ratio in the endoplasmic reticulum of glioma cells, and this alteration is directed to autophagosomes and autolysosomes to promote lysosomal membrane permeabilization, cathepsin release and the subsequent activation of apoptotic cell death. These findings pave the way to clarify the regulatory mechanisms that determine the selective activation of autophagy-mediated cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Hernández-Tiedra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Gemma Fabriàs
- c Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM) , Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - David Dávila
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Íñigo J Salanueva
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- c Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM) , Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- d Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) , and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n , Leioa , Spain
| | - Zuriñe Antón
- d Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) , and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n , Leioa , Spain
| | - Elena García-Taboada
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | - María Salazar-Roa
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Mar Lorente
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- e Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC) , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jane Armstrong
- f Dermatological Sciences , Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK.,g Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK
| | - Israel López-Valero
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Christopher S McKee
- f Dermatological Sciences , Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Ana Serrano-Puebla
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,h Departament of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Roberto García-López
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | - José González-Martínez
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - José L Abad
- c Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM) , Departments of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- i Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Patricia Boya
- h Departament of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Félix Goñi
- d Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) , and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n , Leioa , Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,j Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Penny Lovat
- f Dermatological Sciences , Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- e Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC) , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Alicia Alonso
- d Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) , and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n , Leioa , Spain
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I , School of Biology, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain.,b Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
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372
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Akiyama T, Oishi K, Wullaert A. Bifidobacteria Prevent Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Subsequent Barrier Disruption in Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162448. [PMID: 27611782 PMCID: PMC5017626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is caused by accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER, thereby compromising its vital cellular functions in protein production and secretion. Genome wide association studies in humans as well as experimental animal models linked ER stress in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) with intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanisms linking the outcomes of ER stress in IECs to intestinal disease have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the impact of ER stress on intestinal epithelial barrier function using human colon carcinoma-derived Caco-2 monolayers. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress decreased the trans-epithelial electrical resistance of Caco-2 monolayers, concomitant with loss of cellular plasma membrane integrity. Epithelial barrier disruption in Caco-2 cells after ER stress was not caused by caspase- or RIPK1-dependent cell death but was accompanied by lysosomal rupture and up-regulation of the ER stress markers Grp78, sXBP1 and Chop. Interestingly, several bifidobacteria species inhibited tunicamycin-induced ER stress and thereby diminished barrier disruption in Caco-2 monolayers. Together, these results showed that ER stress compromises the epithelial barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers and demonstrate beneficial impacts of bifidobacteria on ER stress in IECs. Our results identify epithelial barrier loss as a potential link between ER stress and intestinal disease development, and suggest that bifidobacteria could exert beneficial effects on this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Akiyama
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (TA); (AW)
| | - Kenji Oishi
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Ghent, Belgium
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andy Wullaert
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Ghent, Belgium
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Internal Medicine Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (TA); (AW)
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373
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Kosic M, Arsikin-Csordas K, Paunovic V, Firestone RA, Ristic B, Mircic A, Petricevic S, Bosnjak M, Zogovic N, Mandic M, Bumbasirevic V, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. Synergistic Anticancer Action of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization and Glycolysis Inhibition. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22936-22948. [PMID: 27587392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effect of combining lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP)-inducing agent N-dodecylimidazole (NDI) with glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG). NDI-triggered LMP and 2DG-mediated glycolysis block synergized in inducing rapid ATP depletion, mitochondrial damage, and reactive oxygen species production, eventually leading to necrotic death of U251 glioma cells but not primary astrocytes. NDI/2DG-induced death of glioma cells was partly prevented by lysosomal cathepsin inhibitor E64 and antioxidant α-tocopherol, suggesting the involvement of LMP and oxidative stress in the observed cytotoxicity. LMP-inducing agent chloroquine also displayed a synergistic anticancer effect with 2DG, whereas glucose deprivation or glycolytic inhibitors iodoacetate and sodium fluoride synergistically cooperated with NDI, thus further indicating that the anticancer effect of NDI/2DG combination was indeed due to LMP and glycolysis block. The two agents synergistically induced ATP depletion, mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, and necrotic death also in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Moreover, the combined oral administration of NDI and 2DG reduced in vivo melanoma growth in C57BL/6 mice by inducing necrotic death of tumor cells, without causing liver, spleen, or kidney toxicity. Based on these results, we propose that NDI-triggered LMP causes initial mitochondrial damage that is further increased by 2DG due to the lack of glycolytic ATP required to maintain mitochondrial health. This leads to a positive feedback cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP loss, and reactive oxygen species production, culminating in necrotic cell death. Therefore, the combination of LMP-inducing agents and glycolysis inhibitors seems worthy of further exploration as an anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kosic
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Arsikin-Csordas
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Raymond A Firestone
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mircic
- the Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Petricevic
- the Institute of Biomedical Research, Galenika a.d., Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, and
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- the Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Zogovic
- the Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Mandic
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Bumbasirevic
- the Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- the Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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374
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Suzuki H, Matsuoka M. The Lysosomal Trafficking Transmembrane Protein 106B Is Linked to Cell Death. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21448-21460. [PMID: 27563066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A common genetic variation in the transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) gene has been suggested to be a risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with inclusions of transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) (FTLD-TDP), the most common pathological subtype in FTLD. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that TMEM106B levels are up-regulated in the brains of FTLD-TDP patients, although the significance of this finding remains unknown. In this study, we show that the overexpression of TMEM106B and its N-terminal fragments induces cell death, enhances oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity, and causes the cleavage of TDP-43, which represents TDP-43 pathology, using cell-based models. TMEM106B-induced death is mediated by the caspase-dependent mitochondrial cell death pathways and possibly by the lysosomal cell death pathway. These findings suggest that the up-regulation of TMEM106B may increase the risk of FTLD by directly causing neurotoxicity and a pathological phenotype linked to FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaaki Matsuoka
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and .,Dermatological Neuroscience, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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375
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Boya P, Esteban-Martínez L, Serrano-Puebla A, Gómez-Sintes R, Villarejo-Zori B. Autophagy in the eye: Development, degeneration, and aging. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 55:206-245. [PMID: 27566190 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of cellular components. Proteins, lipids, and even whole organelles are engulfed in autophagosomes and delivered to the lysosome for elimination. In response to stress, autophagy mediates the degradation of cell components, which are recycled to generate the nutrients and building blocks required to sustain cellular homeostasis. Moreover, it plays an important role in cellular quality control, particularly in neurons, in which the total burden of altered proteins and damaged organelles cannot be reduced by redistribution to daughter cells through cell division. Research has only begun to examine the role of autophagy in the visual system. The retina, a light-sensitive tissue, detects and transmits electrical impulses through the optic nerve to the visual cortex in the brain. Both the retina and the eye are exposed to a variety of environmental insults and stressors, including genetic mutations and age-associated alterations that impair their function. Here, we review the main studies that have sought to explain autophagy's importance in visual function. We describe the role of autophagy in retinal development and cell differentiation, and discuss the implications of autophagy dysregulation both in physiological aging and in important diseases such as age-associated macular degeneration and glaucoma. We also address the putative role of autophagy in promoting photoreceptor survival and discuss how selective autophagy could provide alternative means of protecting retinal cells. The findings reviewed here underscore the important role of autophagy in maintaining proper retinal function and highlight novel therapeutic approaches for blindness and other diseases of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Boya
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lorena Esteban-Martínez
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Puebla
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez-Sintes
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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376
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Ryumina AP, Serebrovskaya EO, Staroverov DB, Zlobovskaya OA, Shcheglov AS, Lukyanov SA, Lukyanov KA. Lysosome-associated miniSOG as a photosensitizer for mammalian cells. Biotechniques 2016; 61:92-4. [PMID: 27528074 DOI: 10.2144/000114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded photosensitizers represent a promising optogenetic tool for the induction of light-controlled oxidative stress strictly localized to a selected intracellular compartment. Here we tested the phototoxic effects of the flavin-containing phototoxic protein miniSOG targeted to the cytoplasmic surfaces of late endosomes and lysosomes by fusion with Rab7. In HeLa Kyoto cells stably expressing miniSOG-Rab7, we demonstrated a high level of cell death upon blue-light illumination. Pepstatin A completely abolished phototoxicity of miniSOG-Rab7, showing a key role for cathepsin D in this model. Using a far-red fluorescence sensor for caspase-3, we observed caspase-3 activation during miniSOG-Rab7-mediated cell death. We conclude that upon illumination, miniSOG-Rab7 induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and leakage of cathepsins into the cytosol, resulting in caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina P Ryumina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O Serebrovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Sergey A Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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377
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Venkatesan T, Choi YW, Mun SP, Kim YK. Pinus radiata bark extract induces caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:451-64. [PMID: 27400986 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the anticancer activity of Pinus radiata bark extract (PRE) against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. First, we observed that PRE induces potent cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 cells. The cell death had features of cytoplasmic vacuolation, plasma membrane permeabilization, chromatin condensation, phosphatidylserine externalization, absence of executioner caspase activation, insensitivity to z-VAD-fmk (caspase inhibitor), increased accumulation of autophagic markers, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Both the inhibition of early stage autophagy flux and lysosomal cathepsins did not improve cell viability. The antioxidant, n-acetylcysteine, and the iron chelator, deferoxamine, failed to restore the lysosomal integrity indicating that PRE-induced LMP is independent of oxidative stress. This was corroborated with the absence of enhanced ROS production in PRE-treated cells. Chelation of both intracellular calcium and zinc promotes PRE-induced LMP. Geranylgeranylacetone, an inducer of Hsp70 expression, also had no significant protective effect on PRE-induced LMP. Moreover, we found that PRE induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in MCF-7 cells. The ER stress inhibitor, 4-PBA, did not restore the mitochondrial membrane integrity, whereas cathepsin inhibitors demonstrated significant protective effects. Collectively, our results suggest that PRE induces an autophagic block, LMP, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in MCF-7 cells. However, further studies are clearly warranted to explore the exact mechanism behind the anticancer activity of PRE in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamizhiniyan Venkatesan
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Forest Science, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Young-Woong Choi
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Forest Science, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Mun
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyoon Kim
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Forest Science, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea.
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378
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Butzbach K, Rasse-Suriani FA, Gonzalez MM, Cabrerizo FM, Epe B. Albumin-Folate Conjugates for Drug-targeting in Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:611-9. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Butzbach
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Federico A.O. Rasse-Suriani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Chascomús Argentina
| | - M. Micaela Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Chascomús Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Chascomús Argentina
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Mainz; Mainz Germany
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379
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Salvesen GS, Hempel A, Coll NS. Protease signaling in animal and plant-regulated cell death. FEBS J 2016; 283:2577-98. [PMID: 26648190 PMCID: PMC5606204 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the proteases required for regulated cell death mechanisms in animals and plants. The aim is to be incisive, and not inclusive of all the animal proteases that have been implicated in various publications. The review also aims to focus on instances when several publications from disparate groups have demonstrated the involvement of an animal protease, and also when there is substantial biochemical, mechanistic and genetic evidence. In doing so, the literature can be culled to a handful of proteases, covering most of the known regulated cell death mechanisms: apoptosis, regulated necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and NETosis in animals. In plants, the literature is younger and not as extensive as for mammals, although the molecular drivers of vacuolar death, necrosis and the hypersensitive response in plants are becoming clearer. Each of these death mechanisms has at least one proteolytic component that plays a major role in controlling the pathway, and sometimes they combine in networks to regulate cell death/survival decision nodes. Some similarities are found among animal and plant cell death proteases but, overall, the pathways that they govern are kingdom-specific with very little overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy S. Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne Hempel
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nuria Sanchez Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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380
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Aits S, Kricker J, Liu B, Ellegaard AM, Hämälistö S, Tvingsholm S, Corcelle-Termeau E, Høgh S, Farkas T, Holm Jonassen A, Gromova I, Mortensen M, Jäättelä M. Sensitive detection of lysosomal membrane permeabilization by lysosomal galectin puncta assay. Autophagy 2016; 11:1408-24. [PMID: 26114578 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1063871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) contributes to tissue involution, degenerative diseases, and cancer therapy. Its investigation has, however, been hindered by the lack of sensitive methods. Here, we characterize and validate the detection of galectin puncta at leaky lysosomes as a highly sensitive and easily manageable assay for LMP. LGALS1/galectin-1 and LGALS3/galectin-3 are best suited for this purpose due to their widespread expression, rapid translocation to leaky lysosomes and availability of high-affinity antibodies. Galectin staining marks individual leaky lysosomes early during lysosomal cell death and is useful when defining whether LMP is a primary or secondary cause of cell death. This sensitive method also reveals that cells can survive limited LMP and confirms a rapid formation of autophagic structures at the site of galectin puncta. Importantly, galectin staining detects individual leaky lysosomes also in paraffin-embedded tissues allowing us to demonstrate LMP in tumor xenografts in mice treated with cationic amphiphilic drugs and to identify a subpopulation of lysosomes that initiates LMP in involuting mouse mammary gland. The use of ectopic fluorescent galectins renders the galectin puncta assay suitable for automated screening and visualization of LMP in live cells and animals. Thus, the lysosomal galectin puncta assay opens up new possibilities to study LMP in cell death and its role in other cellular processes such as autophagy, senescence, aging, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Aits
- a Cell Death and Metabolism Unit; Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease; Danish Cancer Society Research Center ; Copenhagen , Denmark
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381
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58-F, a flavanone from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents hepatocyte death by decreasing lysosomal membrane permeability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27875. [PMID: 27306715 PMCID: PMC4910050 DOI: 10.1038/srep27875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) has been implicated in cell death. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between cell death and H2O2-/CCl4-induced LMP in hepatocytes in vitro and following acute liver injury in vivo. The key finding was that H2O2 triggered LMP by oxidative stress, as evidenced by a suppression of LAMP1 expression, a reduction in LysoTracker Green and AO staining, and the leakage of proton and cathepsin B/D from the lysosome to the cytoplasm, resulting in cell death. CCl4 also triggered hepatocyte death by decreasing lysosome LAMP1 expression and by inducing the accumulation of products of peroxidative lipids and oxidized proteins. Furthermore, a novel compound 5,8-dimethoxy-6-methyl-7-hydroxy-3-3(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl) chroman-4-one (58-F) was extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus and served as a potential therapeutic drug. In vivo and in vitro results showed that 58-F effectively rescued hepatocytes by decreasing LMP and by inducing lysosomal enzyme translocation to the cytosol.
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382
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Cocchiaro P, Fox C, Tregidgo NW, Howarth R, Wood KM, Situmorang GR, Pavone LM, Sheerin NS, Moles A. Lysosomal protease cathepsin D; a new driver of apoptosis during acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27112. [PMID: 27271556 PMCID: PMC4895243 DOI: 10.1038/srep27112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt reduction in kidney function caused by different pathological processes. It is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality in the acute phase and an increased risk of developing End Stage Renal Disease. Despite the progress in the management of the disease, mortality rates in the last five decades remain unchanged at around 50%. Therefore there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic strategies to treat AKI. Lysosomal proteases, particularly Cathepsin D (CtsD), play multiple roles in apoptosis however, their role in AKI is still unknown. Here we describe a novel role for CtsD in AKI. CtsD expression was upregulated in damaged tubular cells in nephrotoxic and ischemia reperfusion (IRI) induced AKI. CtsD inhibition using Pepstatin A led to an improvement in kidney function, a reduction in apoptosis and a decrease in tubular cell damage in kidneys with nephrotoxic or IRI induced AKI. Pepstatin A treatment slowed interstitial fibrosis progression following IRI induced AKI. Renal transplant biopsies with acute tubular necrosis demonstrated high levels of CtsD in damaged tubular cells. These results support a role for CtsD in apoptosis during AKI opening new avenues for the treatment of AKI by targeting lysosomal proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cocchiaro
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy
| | - Christopher Fox
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas W Tregidgo
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel Howarth
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katrina M Wood
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gerhard R Situmorang
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Urology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luigi M Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy
| | - Neil S Sheerin
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Moles
- Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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383
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Anthelmintic effects of a cationic toxin from a South American rattlesnake venom. Toxicon 2016; 116:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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384
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Identification of a Transcription Factor That Regulates Host Cell Exit and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005652. [PMID: 27191591 PMCID: PMC4871555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with host cell death signaling pathways is characterized by an initial anti-apoptotic phase followed by a pro-necrotic phase to allow for host cell exit of the bacteria. The bacterial modulators regulating necrosis induction are poorly understood. Here we describe the identification of a transcriptional repressor, Rv3167c responsible for regulating the escape of Mtb from the phagosome. Increased cytosolic localization of MtbΔRv3167c was accompanied by elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and reduced activation of the protein kinase Akt, and these events were critical for the induction of host cell necrosis and macroautophagy. The increase in necrosis led to an increase in bacterial virulence as reflected in higher bacterial burden and reduced survival of mice infected with MtbΔRv3167c. The regulon of Rv3167c thus contains the bacterial mediators involved in escape from the phagosome and host cell necrosis induction, both of which are crucial steps in the intracellular lifecycle and virulence of Mtb. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a highly successful human pathogen. Following entry into host phagocytic cells, Mtb resides within a modified phagosomal compartment and inhibits apoptotic host cell death. Recent studies have demonstrated that Mtb eventually translocates from the phagosomal compartment to the cytosol. This event is followed by the induction of necrotic host cell death allowing the bacteria to exit the host cell and infect naive cell populations. Our study adds to this relatively unexplored aspect of Mtb pathogenesis by revealing that the transcriptional repressor Rv3167c of Mtb negatively regulates phagosomal escape and host cell necrosis. We furthermore demonstrate that the increased necrosis induction by the Mtb mutant strain deficient in Rv3167c required elevated reactive oxygen species levels within host cell mitochondria and reduced activation of the protein kinase Akt. In addition, the increased virulence of the Mtb mutant strain observed after aerosol infection of mice strengthens the link between the ability of the bacteria to induce host cell necrosis and virulence. The Mtb genes negatively regulated by Rv3167c are thus potential virulence factors that can be targeted for drug and vaccine development.
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385
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Kobayashi S. Choose Delicately and Reuse Adequately: The Newly Revealed Process of Autophagy. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1098-103. [PMID: 26235572 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation system for intracellular components. One of the roles of autophagy is the prompt removal of damaged organelles. Another unique role is to supply resources that maintain metabolism in response to the cellular nutritional state. Precise management of all the components in the autophagic system is essential for cellular health. Especially important are the selectivity of target cargos for autophagy, and the coordination of autophagy with the lysosomal catabolic process. This review outlines our current understanding of autophagy and discusses potential therapeutic perspectives. Emphasis will be given to lysosomal function as a central controller of metabolism, and to selective autophagy as a key mechanism for the efficient removal of dysfunctional organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of
Osteopathic Medicine
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386
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Adada M, Luberto C, Canals D. Inhibitors of the sphingomyelin cycle: Sphingomyelin synthases and sphingomyelinases. Chem Phys Lipids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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387
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Weikel KA, Ruderman NB, Cacicedo JM. Unraveling the actions of AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic diseases: Systemic to molecular insights. Metabolism 2016; 65:634-645. [PMID: 27085772 PMCID: PMC4834453 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role both in sensing and regulating cellular energy state. In experimental animals, its activation has been shown to reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes-related co-morbidities such as insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, in humans, AMPK activation alone often does not completely resolve these conditions. Thus, an improved understanding of AMPK action and regulation in metabolic and other diseases is needed. Herein, we provide a brief description of the enzymatic regulation of AMPK and review its role in maintaining energy homeostasis. We then discuss tissue-specific actions of AMPK that become distorted during such conditions as obesity, type 2 diabetes and certain cancers. Finally, we explore recent findings regarding the interactions of AMPK with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and the lysosome and discuss how changes in these relationships during overnutrition may lead to AMPK dysfunction. A more thorough understanding of AMPK's molecular interactions during diseases of overnutrition may provide key insights for the development of AMPK-based combinatorial treatments for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Weikel
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Neil B Ruderman
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - José M Cacicedo
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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388
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Lysosomal membrane permeabilization is involved in oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death in LAMP2-deficient iPSCs-derived cerebral cortical neurons. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:335-345. [PMID: 28955840 PMCID: PMC5600451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Danon disease may suffer from severe cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle dysfunction as well as varying degrees of mental retardation, in which the primary deficiency of lysosomal membrane-associated protein-2 (LAMP2) is considerably associated. Owing to the scarcity of human neurons, the pathological role of LAMP2 deficiency in neural injury of humans remains largely elusive. However, the application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may shed light on overcoming such scarcity. In this study, we obtained iPSCs derived from a patient carrying a mutated LAMP2 gene that is associated with Danon disease. By differentiating such LAMP2-deficient iPSCs into cerebral cortical neurons and with the aid of various biochemical assays, we demonstrated that the LAMP2-deficient neurons are more susceptible to mild oxidative stress-induced injury. The data from MTT assay and apoptotic analysis demonstrated that there was no notable difference in cellular viability between the normal and LAMP2-deficient neurons under non-stressed condition. When exposed to mild oxidative stress (10 μM H2O2), the LAMP2-deficient neurons exhibited a significant increase in apoptosis. Surprisingly, we did not observe any aberrant accumulation of autophagic materials in the LAMP2-deficient neurons under such stress condition. Our results from cellular fractionation and inhibitor blockade experiments further revealed that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in the LAMP2-deficient cortical neurons was caused by increased abundance of cytosolic cathepsin L. These results suggest the involvement of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in the LAMP2 deficiency associated neural injury. We generated iPSCs from patients with LAMP2-c.183_184insA mutation. We differentiated the patient specific iPSCs into LAMP2-deficient cortical neurons. The LAMP2-deficient neurons are more susceptible to oxidative stress induced cell death. Cathepsin L inhibitor rescued oxidative stress induced cell death in LAMP2-deficient neurons.
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389
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Lin CF, Tsai CC, Huang WC, Wang YC, Tseng PC, Tsai TT, Chen CL. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and Caspase-2 Mediate Ceramide- and Etoposide-Induced Apoptosis by Regulating the Lysosomal-Mitochondrial Axis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145460. [PMID: 26727221 PMCID: PMC4699703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) regulates the sequential activation of caspase-2 and caspase-8 before mitochondrial apoptosis. Here, we report the regulation of Mcl-1 destabilization and cathepsin D-regulated caspase-8 activation by GSK-3β and caspase-2. Treatment with either the ceramide analogue C2-ceramide or the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide sequentially induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), the reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and apoptosis. Following LMP, cathepsin D translocated from lysosomes to the cytoplasm, whereas inhibiting cathepsin D blocked mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, cathepsin D caused the activation of caspase-8 but not caspase-2. Inhibiting GSK-3β and caspase-2 blocked Mcl-1 destabilization, LMP, cathepsin D re-localization, caspase-8 activation, and mitochondrial apoptosis. Expression of Mcl-1 was localized to the lysosomes, and forced expression of Mcl-1 prevented apoptotic signaling via the lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway. These results demonstrate the importance of GSK-3β and caspase-2 in ceramide- and etoposide-induced apoptosis through mechanisms involving Mcl-1 destabilization and the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Translational Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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390
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Lysosomes as mediators of drug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 24:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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391
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Xu Y, Wang J, Song X, Wei R, He F, Peng G, Luo B. Protective mechanisms of CA074-me (other than cathepsin-B inhibition) against programmed necrosis induced by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 120:97-105. [PMID: 26562519 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the key role of lysosomes in ischemic cell death in the brain and have led to the "lysosomocentric" hypothesis. In this hypothesis, the release of cathepsin-B due to a change of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) or rupture is critical, and this can be prevented by its inhibitors CA074 and CA074-me. However, the role of CA074-me in neuronal death and its effect on the change of lysosomal membrane integrity after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is not clear, so we investigated this here. Rat hippocampal CA1 neuronal death was evaluated after 20-min global cerebral I/R injury. CA074-me (1 μg, 10 μg) were given intracerebroventricularly 1h before ischemia or 1h post reperfusion. The changes of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), cathepsin-B, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), and the change of lysosomal pH were evaluated respectively. Hippocampal CA1 neuronal programmed necrosis induced by global cerebral I/R injury was prevented by CA074-me both pre-treatment and post-treatment. Diffuse cytoplasmic cathepsin-B and LAMP-1 immunostaining synchronized with the pyknotic nuclear changes 2 days post reperfusion, and a rise of lysosomal pH with the leakage of DND-153, a dye of lysosomes, after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was detected. Both of these changes demonstrated the rupture of lysosomal membrane and the leakage of cathepsin-B, and this was strongly inhibited by CA074-me pre-treatment. The overexpression and nuclear translocation of RIP3 and the reduction of NAD(+) level after I/R injury were also inhibited, while the upregulation of Hsp70 was strengthened by CA074-me pre-treatment. Delayed fulminant leakage of cathepsin-B due to lysosomal rupture is a critical harmful factor in neuronal programmed necrosis induced by 20-min global I/R injury. In addition to being an inhibitor of cathepsin-B, CA074-me may have an indirect neuroprotective effect by maintaining lysosomal membrane integrity and protecting against lysosomal rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 89 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingye Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xinghui Song
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Department of Neurology, Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 89 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Neurology, Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 89 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 89 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 89 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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392
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Quintana M, Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP, Triola G. Squaramides with cytotoxic activity against human gastric carcinoma cells HGC-27: synthesis and mechanism of action. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of squaramates and squaramides have been synthesized and their cytotoxic activity has been investigated in different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Quintana
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Department
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
- CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Department
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
- CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Gemma Triola
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Department
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC)
- CSIC
- Barcelona
- Spain
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393
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Approaching a Unified Theory for Particle-Induced Inflammation. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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394
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Mangan MSJ, Bird CH, Kaiserman D, Matthews AY, Hitchen C, Steer DL, Thompson PE, Bird PI. A Novel Serpin Regulatory Mechanism: SerpinB9 IS REVERSIBLY INHIBITED BY VICINAL DISULFIDE BOND FORMATION IN THE REACTIVE CENTER LOOP. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3626-38. [PMID: 26670609 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.699298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular protease inhibitor Sb9 (SerpinB9) is a regulator of the cytotoxic lymphocyte protease GzmB (granzyme B). Although GzmB is primarily involved in the destruction of compromised cells, recent evidence suggests that it is also involved in lysosome-mediated death of the cytotoxic lymphocyte itself. Sb9 protects the cell from GzmB released from lysosomes into the cytosol. Here we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within cytotoxic lymphocytes by receptor stimulation are required for lyososomal permeabilization and release of GzmB into the cytosol. Importantly, ROS also inactivate Sb9 by oxidizing a highly conserved cysteine pair (P1-P1' in rodents and P1'-P2' in other mammals) in the reactive center loop to form a vicinal disulfide bond. Replacement of the P4-P3' reactive center loop residues of the prototype serpin, SERPINA1, with the P4-P5' residues of Sb9 containing the cysteine pair is sufficient to convert SERPINA1 into a ROS-sensitive GzmB inhibitor. Conversion of the cysteine pair to serines in either human or mouse Sb9 results in a functional serpin that inhibits GzmB and resists ROS inactivation. We conclude that ROS sensitivity of Sb9 allows the threshold for GzmB-mediated suicide to be lowered, as part of a conserved post-translational homeostatic mechanism regulating lymphocyte numbers or activity. It follows, for example, that antioxidants may improve NK cell viability in adoptive immunotherapy applications by stabilizing Sb9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S J Mangan
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia and
| | - Catherina H Bird
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia and
| | - Dion Kaiserman
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia and
| | - Anthony Y Matthews
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia and
| | - Corinne Hitchen
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia and
| | - David L Steer
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia and
| | - Philip E Thompson
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Phillip I Bird
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia and
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395
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Chini CCS, Espindola-Netto JM, Mondal G, Guerrico AMG, Nin V, Escande C, Sola-Penna M, Zhang JS, Billadeau DD, Chini EN. SIRT1-Activating Compounds (STAC) Negatively Regulate Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth and Viability Through a SIRT1 Lysosomal-Dependent Pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2496-507. [PMID: 26655844 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies suggest that SIRT1-activating compounds (STAC) are a promising class of anticancer drugs, although their mechanism of action remains elusive. The main goal of this study is to determine the role of STACs as a potential therapy for pancreatic cancer. In addition, we also explored the mechanism by which these compounds affect pancreatic cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using in vitro (cell culture experiments) and in vivo (xenograft experiments) approaches, we studied the role of SIRT1 agonists (STAC) in human pancreatic cancer cell viability and growth. RESULTS We show that SIRT1 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and that the STACs SRT1720, SRT1460, and SRT3025 inhibited cell growth and survival of pancreatic cancer cells. STACs enhanced the sensitivity of pancreatic cells to gemcitabine and paclitaxel, indicating that these drugs could be used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. We also show that STACs were very effective in inhibiting tumor xenograft growth. In mechanistic studies, we observed that STACs activated a SIRT1 lysosomal-dependent cell death. Furthermore, the effect of STACs on cell viability was also dependent on the expression of the endogenous SIRT1 inhibitor DBC1. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results reveal an essential role for SIRT1 and lysosomes in the death pathway regulated by STACs in pancreatic cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2496-507. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C S Chini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jair M Espindola-Netto
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (BioTecFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gourish Mondal
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anatilde M Gonzalez Guerrico
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Veronica Nin
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (BioTecFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
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396
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Lysosomal cysteine peptidases – Molecules signaling tumor cell death and survival. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:168-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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397
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Verbovšek U, Van Noorden CJ, Lah TT. Complexity of cancer protease biology: Cathepsin K expression and function in cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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398
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Zhitomirsky B, Assaraf YG. Lysosomal sequestration of hydrophobic weak base chemotherapeutics triggers lysosomal biogenesis and lysosome-dependent cancer multidrug resistance. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1143-56. [PMID: 25544758 PMCID: PMC4359223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a primary hindrance to curative cancer chemotherapy. In this respect, lysosomes were suggested to play a role in intrinsic MDR by sequestering protonated hydrophobic weak base chemotherapeutics away from their intracellular target sites. Here we show that intrinsic resistance to sunitinib, a hydrophobic weak base tyrosine kinase inhibitor known to accumulate in lysosomes, tightly correlates with the number of lysosomes accumulating high levels of sunitinib in multiple human carcinoma cells. Furthermore, exposure of cancer cells to hydrophobic weak base drugs leads to a marked increase in the number of lysosomes per cell. Non-cytotoxic, nanomolar concentrations, of the hydrophobic weak base chemotherapeutics doxorubicin and mitoxantrone triggered rapid lysosomal biogenesis that was associated with nuclear translocation of TFEB, the dominant transcription factor regulating lysosomal biogenesis. This resulted in increased lysosomal gene expression and lysosomal enzyme activity. Thus, treatment of cancer cells with hydrophobic weak base chemotherapeutics and their consequent sequestration in lysosomes triggers lysosomal biogenesis, thereby further enhancing lysosomal drug entrapment and MDR. The current study provides the first evidence that drug-induced TFEB-associated lysosomal biogenesis is an emerging determinant of MDR and suggests that circumvention of lysosomal drug sequestration is a novel strategy to overcome this chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Zhitomirsky
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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399
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Cell biology and immunology lessons taught by Legionella pneumophila. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 59:3-10. [PMID: 26596966 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replicating within a broad range of hosts. One unique feature of this pathogen is the cohort of ca. 300 virulence factors (effectors) delivered into host cells via its Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Study of these proteins has produced novel insights into the mechanisms of host function modulation by pathogens, the regulation of essential processes of eukaryotic cells and of immunosurveillance. In this review, we will briefly discuss the roles of some of these effectors in the creation of a niche permissive for bacterial replication in phagocytes and recent advancements in the dissection of the innate immune detection mechanisms by challenging immune cells with L. pneumophila.
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400
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