401
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Song Z, Kim H, Ba X, Baumgartner R, Lee JS, Tang H, Leal C, Cheng J. Polypeptide vesicles with densely packed multilayer membranes. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4091-4098. [PMID: 25939493 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00820d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multilamellar membranes are important building blocks for constructing self-assembled structures with improved barrier properties, such as multilamellar lipid vesicles. Polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) have attracted growing interest, but multilamellar polymersomes are much less explored. Here, we report the formation of polypeptide vesicles with unprecedented densely packed multilayer membrane structures with poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(γ-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)-l-glutamate) (PEG-b-PL), an amphiphilic diblock rod-coil copolymer containing a short PEG block and a short hydrophobic rod-like polypeptide segment. The polypeptide rods undergo smectic ordering with PEG buried between the hydrophobic polypeptide layers. The size of both blocks and the rigidity of the hydrophobic polypeptide block are critical in determining the membrane structures. Increase of the PEG length in PEG-b-PL results in the formation of bilayer sheets, while using random-coil polypeptide block leads to the formation of large compound micelles. UV treatment causes ester bond cleavage of the polypeptide side chain, which induces helix-to-coil transition, change of copolymer amphiphilicity, and eventual disassembly of vesicles. These polypeptide vesicles with unique membrane structures provide a new insight into self-assembly structure control by precisely tuning the composition and conformation of polymeric amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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402
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Lale SV, Kumar A, Prasad S, Bharti AC, Koul V. Folic Acid and Trastuzumab Functionalized Redox Responsive Polymersomes for Intracellular Doxorubicin Delivery in Breast Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1736-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu V. Lale
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shyam Prasad
- Division
of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida 201301, India
| | - Alok C. Bharti
- Division
of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida 201301, India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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403
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Klein R, Wurm FR. Aliphatic Polyethers: Classical Polymers for the 21st Century. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1147-65. [PMID: 25967116 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyethers-polymers with the structural element (R'-O-R)n in their backbone--are an old class of polymers which were already used at the time of the ancient Egyptians. However, still today these materials are highly important with applications in all areas of our life, reaching from the automotive and paper industry to cosmetics and biomedical applications. In this Review, different aliphatic polyethers like poly(epoxide)s, poly(oxetane)s, and poly(tetrahydrofuran) are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the history, the polymerization techniques (industrially and in academia), the properties, the applications as well as recent developments of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Klein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099, Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School "Material Science in Mainz", Staudingerweg 9, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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404
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Kumar A, Lale SV, Mahajan S, Choudhary V, Koul V. ROP and ATRP Fabricated Dual Targeted Redox Sensitive Polymersomes Based on pPEGMA-PCL-ss-PCL-pPEGMA Triblock Copolymers for Breast Cancer Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9211-9227. [PMID: 25838044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To minimize cardiotoxicity and to increase the bioavailability of doxorubicin, polymersomes based on redox sensitive amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate)-poly(caprolactone)-s-s-poly(caprolactone)-poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate) (pPEGMA-PCL-ss-PCL-pPEGMA) with disulfide linkage were designed and developed. The polymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone followed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of PEGMA. The triblock copolymers demonstrated various types of nanoparticle morphologies by varying hydrophobic/hydrophilic content of polymer blocks, with PEGMA content of ∼18% in the triblock copolymer leading to the formation of polymersomes in the size range ∼150 nm. High doxorubicin loading content of ∼21% was achieved in the polymersomes. Disulfide linkages were incorporated in the polymeric backbone to facilitate degradation of the nanoparticles by the intracellular tripeptide glutathione (GSH), leading to intracellular drug release. Release studies showed ∼59% drug release in pH 5.5 in the presence of 10 mM GSH, whereas only ∼19% was released in pH 7.4. In cellular uptake studies, dual targeted polymersomes showed ∼22-fold increase in cellular uptake efficiency in breast cancer cell lines (BT474 and MCF-7) as compared to nontargeted polymersomes with higher apoptosis rates. In vivo studies on Ehrlich's ascites tumor (EAT) bearing Swiss albino mouse model showed ∼85% tumor regression as compared to free doxorubicin (∼42%) without any significant cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin. The results indicate enhanced antitumor efficacy of the redox sensitive biocompatible nanosystem and shows promise as a potential drug nanocarrier in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shantanu V Lale
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shveta Mahajan
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Veena Koul
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
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405
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Kim J, Pramanick S, Lee D, Park H, Kim WJ. Polymeric biomaterials for the delivery of platinum-based anticancer drugs. Biomater Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221935 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since cisplatin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii), received FDA approval for use in cancer treatment in 1978, platinum-based drugs have been one of the most widely used drugs for the treatment of tumors in testicles, ovaries, head and neck. However, there are concerns associated with the use of platinum-based anticancer drugs, owing to severe side effects and drug resistance. In order to overcome these limitations, various drug-delivery systems have been developed based on diverse organic and inorganic materials. In particular, the versatility of polymeric materials facilitates the tuning of drug-delivery systems to meet their primary goals. This review focuses on the progress made over the last five years in the application of polymeric nanoparticles for the delivery of platinum-based anticancer drugs. The present article not only describes the fundamental principles underlying the implementation of polymeric nanomaterials in platinum-based drug delivery, but also summarizes concepts and strategies employed in the development of drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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406
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Richard PU, Duskey JT, Stolarov S, Spulber M, Palivan CG. New concepts to fight oxidative stress: nanosized three-dimensional supramolecular antioxidant assemblies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1527-45. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1036738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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407
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Smith JA, Leonardi T, Huang B, Iraci N, Vega B, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles and their synthetic analogues in aging and age-associated brain diseases. Biogerontology 2015; 16:147-85. [PMID: 24973266 PMCID: PMC4578234 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely upon diverse and complex intercellular communications networks for a myriad of physiological processes. Disruption of these processes is implicated in the onset and propagation of disease and disorder, including the mechanisms of senescence at both cellular and organismal levels. In recent years, secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a particularly novel vector by which cell-to-cell communications are enacted. EVs actively and specifically traffic bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites between cells at local and systemic levels, modulating cellular responses in a bidirectional manner under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. EVs are being implicated not only in the generic aging process, but also as vehicles of pathology in a number of age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and disease. Thus, circulating EVs-or specific EV cargoes-are being utilised as putative biomarkers of disease. On the other hand, EVs, as targeted intercellular shuttles of multipotent bioactive payloads, have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties, which can potentially be modulated and enhanced through cellular engineering. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in employing nanomedicinal approaches to mimic the putative therapeutic properties of EVs by employing synthetic analogues for targeted drug delivery. Herein we describe what is known about the origin and nature of EVs and subsequently review their putative roles in biology and medicine (including the use of synthetic EV analogues), with a particular focus on their role in aging and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
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408
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Zhu W, Song Z, Wei P, Meng N, Teng F, Yang F, Liu N, Feng R. Y-shaped biotin-conjugated poly (ethylene glycol)–poly (epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer for the targeted delivery of curcumin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 443:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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409
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Chen P, Qiu M, Deng C, Meng F, Zhang J, Cheng R, Zhong Z. pH-Responsive chimaeric pepsomes based on asymmetric poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-leucine)-b-poly(l-glutamic acid) triblock copolymer for efficient loading and active intracellular delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1322-30. [PMID: 25759951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
pH-Responsive chimaeric polypeptide-based polymersomes (refer to as pepsomes) were designed and developed from asymmetric poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-leucine)-b-poly(l-glutamic acid) (PEG-PLeu-PGA, PEG is longer than PGA) triblock copolymers for efficient encapsulation and triggered intracellular delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl). PEG-PLeu-PGA was conveniently prepared by sequential ring-opening polymerization of l-leucine N-carboxyanhydride and γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride using PEG-NH2 as an initiator followed by deprotection. Pepsomes formed from PEG-PLeu-PGA had unimodal distribution and small sizes of 64-71 nm depending on PLeu block lengths. Interestingly, these chimaeric pepsomes while stable at pH 7.4 were quickly disrupted at pH 5.0, likely due to alternation of ionization state of the carboxylic groups in PGA that shifts PGA blocks from hydrophilic and random coil structure into hydrophobic and α-helical structure. DOX·HCl could be actively loaded into the watery core of pepsomes with a high loading efficiency. Remarkably, the in vitro release studies revealed that release of DOX·HCl was highly dependent on pH, in which about 24.0% and 75.7% of drug was released at pH 7.4 and 5.0, respectively, at 37 °C in 24 h. MTT assays demonstrated that DOX·HCl-loaded pepsomes exhibited high antitumor activity, similar to free DOX·HCl in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, they were also potent toward drug-resistant MCF-7 cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR). Confocal microscopy studies showed that DOX·HCl-loaded pepsomes delivered and released drug into the cell nuclei of MCF-7/ADR cells in 4 h, while little DOX·HCl fluorescence was observed in MCF-7/ADR cells treated with free drug under otherwise the same conditions. These chimaeric pepsomes with facile synthesis, efficient drug loading, and pH-triggered drug release behavior are an attractive alternative to liposomes for targeted cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Qiu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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410
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Wong CK, Laos AJ, Soeriyadi AH, Wiedenmann J, Curmi PMG, Gooding JJ, Marquis CP, Stenzel MH, Thordarson P. Polymersomes Prepared from Thermoresponsive Fluorescent Protein-Polymer Bioconjugates: Capture of and Report on Drug and Protein Payloads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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411
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Wong CK, Laos AJ, Soeriyadi AH, Wiedenmann J, Curmi PMG, Gooding JJ, Marquis CP, Stenzel MH, Thordarson P. Polymersomes prepared from thermoresponsive fluorescent protein-polymer bioconjugates: capture of and report on drug and protein payloads. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5317-22. [PMID: 25736460 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymersomes provide a good platform for targeted drug delivery and the creation of complex (bio)catalytically active systems for research in synthetic biology. To realize these applications requires both spatial control over the encapsulation components in these polymersomes and a means to report where the components are in the polymersomes. To address these twin challenges, we synthesized the protein-polymer bioconjugate PNIPAM-b-amilFP497 composed of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and a green-fluorescent protein variant (amilFP497). Above 37 °C, this bioconjugate forms polymersomes that can (co-)encapsulate the fluorescent drug doxorubicin and the fluorescent light-harvesting protein phycoerythrin 545 (PE545). Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET), we can distinguish the co-encapsulated PE545 protein inside the polymersome membrane while doxorubicin is found both in the polymersome core and membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Ken Wong
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW (Australia); School of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW (Australia)
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412
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Pei D, Li Y, Huang Q, Ren Q, Li F, Shi T. Quantum dots encapsulated glycopolymer vesicles: Synthesis, lectin recognition and photoluminescent properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 127:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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413
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Geilich BM, van de Ven AL, Singleton GL, Sepúlveda LJ, Sridhar S, Webster TJ. Silver nanoparticle-embedded polymersome nanocarriers for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3511-9. [PMID: 25628231 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05823b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly diminishing number of effective antibiotics that can be used to treat infectious diseases and associated complications in a physician's arsenal is having a drastic impact on human health today. This study explored the development and optimization of a polymersome nanocarrier formed from a biodegradable diblock copolymer to overcome bacterial antibiotic resistance. Here, polymersomes were synthesized containing silver nanoparticles embedded in the hydrophobic compartment, and ampicillin in the hydrophilic compartment. Results showed for the first time that these silver nanoparticle-embedded polymersomes (AgPs) inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli transformed with a gene for ampicillin resistance (bla) in a dose-dependent fashion. Free ampicillin, AgPs without ampicillin, and ampicillin polymersomes without silver nanoparticles had no effect on bacterial growth. The relationship between the silver nanoparticles and ampicillin was determined to be synergistic and produced complete growth inhibition at a silver-to-ampicillin ratio of 1 : 0.64. In this manner, this study introduces a novel nanomaterial that can effectively treat problematic, antibiotic-resistant infections in an improved capacity which should be further examined for a wide range of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Geilich
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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414
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Talelli M, Barz M, Rijcken CJ, Kiessling F, Hennink WE, Lammers T. Core-Crosslinked Polymeric Micelles: Principles, Preparation, Biomedical Applications and Clinical Translation. NANO TODAY 2015; 10:93-117. [PMID: 25893004 PMCID: PMC4398985 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles (PM) are extensively used to improve the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Many different PM have been designed and evaluated over the years, and some of them have steadily progressed through clinical trials. Increasing evidence suggests, however, that for prolonged circulation times and for efficient EPR-mediated drug targeting to tumors and to sites of inflammation, PM need to be stabilized, to prevent premature disintegration. Core-crosslinking is among the most popular methods to improve the in vivo stability of PM, and a number of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPM) have demonstrated promising efficacy in animal models. The latter is particularly true for CCPM in which (pro-) drugs are covalently entrapped. This ensures proper drug retention in the micelles during systemic circulation, efficient drug delivery to pathological sites via EPR, and tailorable drug release kinetics at the target site. We here summarize recent advances in the CCPM field, addressing the chemistry involved in preparing them, their in vitro and in vivo performance, potential biomedical applications, and guidelines for efficient clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Talelli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, University of Twente and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
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415
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Griepenburg J, Sood N, Vargo KB, Williams D, Rawson J, Therien MJ, Hammer DA, Dmochowski IJ. Caging metal ions with visible light-responsive nanopolymersomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:799-807. [PMID: 25518002 PMCID: PMC4303334 DOI: 10.1021/la5036689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are bilayer vesicles that self-assemble from amphiphilic diblock copolymers, and provide an attractive system for the delivery of biological and nonbiological molecules due to their environmental compatibility, mechanical stability, synthetic tunability, large aqueous core, and hyperthick hydrophobic membrane. Herein, we report a nanoscale photoresponsive polymersome system featuring a meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged bis[(porphinato)zinc] (PZn2) fluorophore hydrophobic membrane solute and dextran in the aqueous core. Upon 488 nm irradiation in solution or in microinjected zebrafish embryos, the polymersomes underwent deformation, as monitored by a characteristic red-shifted PZn2 emission spectrum and confirmed by cryo-TEM. The versatility of this system was demonstrated through the encapsulation and photorelease of a fluorophore (FITC), as well as two different metal ions, Zn(2+) and Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne
C. Griepenburg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nimil Sood
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kevin B. Vargo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dewight Williams
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jeff Rawson
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael J. Therien
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich
Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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416
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Teekamp N, Duque LF, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ, Olinga P. Production methods and stabilization strategies for polymer-based nanoparticles and microparticles for parenteral delivery of peptides and proteins. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1311-31. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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417
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Fan Y, Zhang D, Wang J, Jin H, Zhou Y, Yan D. Preparation of anion-exchangeable polymer vesicles through the self-assembly of hyperbranched polymeric ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7234-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anion-exchangeable polymer vesicles including pH-indicative and protein-coated vesicles were prepared through the self-assembly of a hyperbranched polymeric ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Haibao Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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418
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Ding J, Li C, Zhang Y, Xu W, Wang J, Chen X. Chirality-mediated polypeptide micelles for regulated drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:346-55. [PMID: 25278445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of triblock poly(ethylene glycol)-polyleucine (PEG-PLeu) copolymers were synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of L-Leu N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), or equivalent D-Leu NCA and L-Leu NCA with amino-terminated PEG as a macroinitiator. The amphiphilic copolymers spontaneously self-assembled into spherical micellar aggregations in an aqueous environment. The micelle with a racemic polypeptide core exhibited smaller critical micelle concentration and diameter compared to those with a levorotatory polypeptide core. A model anthracycline antineoplastic agent, i.e., doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded into micelles through nanoprecipitation, and the PEG-P(D,L-Leu) micelle exhibited higher drug-loading efficacy than that with a P(L-Leu) core-this difference was attributed to the flexible and compact P(L-Leu) core. Sustained in vitro DOX release from micelles with both levorotatory and racemic polypeptide cores was observed, and the DOX-loaded PEG-P(D,L-Leu) micelle exhibited a slower release rate. More interestingly, DOX-loaded micelles exhibited chirality-mediated antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, which are all better than that of free DOX. Furthermore, both enhanced tumor inhibition and excellent security in vivo were confirmed by histopathological or in situ cell apoptosis analyses. Therefore, DOX-loaded PEG-PLeu micelles appear to be an interesting nanoscale polymeric formulation for promising malignancy chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
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419
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Zhang Q, He J, Zhang M, Ni P. A polyphosphoester-conjugated camptothecin prodrug with disulfide linkage for potent reduction-triggered drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4922-4932. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reduction-cleavable polyphosphoester-camptothecin (CPT) prodrug tailored for enhancing drug loading content and triggering drug release has been prepared and applied in tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
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420
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Kania G, Kwolek U, Nakai K, Yusa SI, Bednar J, Wójcik T, Chłopicki S, Skórka T, Szuwarzyński M, Szczubiałka K, Kepczynski M, Nowakowska M. Stable polymersomes based on ionic–zwitterionic block copolymers modified with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5523-5531. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel biocompatible polymersomes with semipermeable ionic membranes were used as promising delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kania
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- Kraków 30-060
- Poland
| | - Urszula Kwolek
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- Kraków 30-060
- Poland
| | - Keita Nakai
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Hyogo
- Himeji
- Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Hyogo
- Himeji
- Japan
| | - Jan Bednar
- University of Grenoble 1/CNRS
- LIPhy UMR 5588
- Grenoble
- France
- Charles University in Prague
| | - Tomasz Wójcik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- Kraków 30-348
- Poland
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- Kraków 30-348
- Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology
| | - Tomasz Skórka
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kraków 31-342
- Poland
| | | | | | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- Kraków 30-060
- Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- Kraków 30-060
- Poland
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421
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Zhang WJ, Hong CY, Pan CY. A unique fabrication strategy of hierarchical morphologies: combination of multi-step self-assembling and morphology transition. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumber-like hierarchical microstructures were fabricated, and a multi-step self-assembling process was observed in the RAFT dispersion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
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422
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Sun W, Lu Y, Gu Z. Advances in Anticancer Protein Delivery Using Micro-/ Nanoparticles. PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION : MEASUREMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR IN POWDERS AND OTHER DISPERSE SYSTEMS 2014; 31:1204-1222. [PMID: 27642232 PMCID: PMC5026193 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteins exhibiting anticancer activities, especially those capable of discriminately killing cancer cells, have attracted increasing interest in developing protein-based anticancer therapeutics. This progress report surveys recent advances in delivering anticancer proteins directly to tumor tissue for inducing apoptosis/necrosis or indirectly to antigen presenting cells for provoking immune responses. Protein delivery carriers such as inorganic particles, lipid particles, polymeric particles, DNA/protein based biomacromolecular particles as well as cell based carriers are reviewed with comments on their advantages and limitations. Future challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujin Sun
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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423
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Coupland JN, Hayes JE. Physical approaches to masking bitter taste: lessons from food and pharmaceuticals. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2921-39. [PMID: 25205460 PMCID: PMC4898047 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. Food and pharmaceutical manufacturers share a common need for bitterness-masking strategies that allow them to deliver useful quantities of the active compounds in an acceptable form and in this review we compare and contrast the challenges and approaches by researchers in both fields. We focus on physical approaches, i.e., micro- or nano-structures to bind bitter compounds in the mouth, yet break down to allow release after they are swallowed. In all of these methods, the assumption is the degree of bitterness suppression depends on the concentration of bitterant in the saliva and hence the proportion that is bound. Surprisingly, this hypothesis has only rarely been fully tested using a combination of adequate human sensory trials and measurements of binding. This is especially true in pharmaceutical systems, perhaps due to the greater experimental challenges in sensory analysis of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Coupland
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 337 Food Science Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA,
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424
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Beh CC, Mammucari R, Foster NR. Formation of nanocarrier systems by dense gas processing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11046-11054. [PMID: 25162492 DOI: 10.1021/la502594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarrier systems, such as liposomes, polymersomes, and micelles, find applications in the delivery of a wide range of compounds, including targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals. Nanocarrier systems have the ability to increase the bioavailability, reduce toxicity, and avoid undesirable interactions of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this work, a novel dense gas technique known as depressurization of an expanded solution into aqueous media (DESAM) was used to produce different types of nanocarrier systems. The effects of using different types of dense gases and different operating temperatures were investigated. Encapsulation of hydrophilic compounds in the vesicles (liposomes and polymersomes) was also studied. The highest encapsulation efficiencies in liposomes and polymersomes achieved were 10.2 and 9.7%, respectively. The DESAM process was also able to reduce the residual solvent content in the product to 2.2% (v/v), which is significantly lower than the solvent residual levels reported for conventional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Chun Beh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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425
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Gräfe D, Gaitzsch J, Appelhans D, Voit B. Cross-linked polymersomes as nanoreactors for controlled and stabilized single and cascade enzymatic reactions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10752-61. [PMID: 25099948 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric vesicles or polymersomes are one of the supramolecular entities at the leading edge of synthetic biology. These small compartments have shown to be feasible candidates as nanoreactors, especially for enzymatic reactions. Once cross-linked and equipped with a pH sensitive material, the reaction can be switched off (pH 8) and on (pH 6) in accordance with the increased permeability of the polymersome membranes under acidic conditions. Thus cross-linked and pH sensitive polymersomes provide a basis for pH controlled enzymatic reactions where no integrated transmembrane protein is needed for regulating the uptake and release of educts and products in the polymersome lumen. This pH-tunable working tool was further used to investigate their use in sequential enzymatic reactions (glucose oxidase and myoglobin) where enzymes are loaded in one common polymersome or in two different polymersomes. Crossing membranes and overcoming the space distance between polymersomes were shown successfully, meaning that educts and products can be exchanged between enzyme compartments for successful enzymatic cascade reactions. Moreover the stabilizing effect of polymersomes is also observable by single enzymatic reactions as well as a sequence. This study is directed to establish robust and controllable polymersome nanoreactors for enzymatic reactions, describing a switch between an off (pH 8) and on (pH 6) state of polymersome membrane permeability with no transmembrane protein needed for transmembrane exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gräfe
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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426
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Analytical and numerical study of diffusion-controlled drug release from composite spherical matrices. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:681-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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427
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Isaacman MJ, Cui W, Theogarajan LS. Rapid Metal -free Macromolecular Coupling via in situ Nitrile Oxide-Activated Alkene Cycloaddition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 52:3134-3141. [PMID: 26811566 DOI: 10.1002/pola.27371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile oxide 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition is a simple and powerful coupling methodology. However, the self-dimerization of nitrile oxides has prevented the widespread use of this strategy for macromolecular coupling. By combining an in situ nitrile oxide generation with a highly reactive activated dipolarophile, we have overcome these obstacles and present a metal-free macromolecular coupling strategy for the modular synthesis of several ABA triblock copolymers. Nitrile oxides were generated in situ from chloroxime terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) B-blocks and coupled with several distinct hydrophilic (poly(2-methyloxazoline) and poly(ethylene glycol)), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) or hydrophobic (poly(L-lactide) A-blocks terminated in activated dipolarophiles in a rapid fashion with high yield. This methodology overcomes many drawbacks of previously reported metal-free methods due to its rapid kinetics, versatility, scalability, and ease of introduction of necessary functionality. Nitrile oxide cycloaddition should find use as an attractive macromolecular coupling strategy for the synthesis of biocompatible polymeric nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Isaacman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106; California Nanosystems Institute at UC Santa Barbara, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
| | - Weibin Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106; California Nanosystems Institute at UC Santa Barbara, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
| | - Luke S Theogarajan
- California Nanosystems Institute at UC Santa Barbara, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
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428
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Lee J, Choi JR, Ha SK, Choi I, Lee SH, Kim D, Choi N, Sung JH. A microfluidic device for evaluating the dynamics of the metabolism-dependent antioxidant activity of nutrients. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2948-2957. [PMID: 24920301 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Various food components are known for their health-promoting effects. However, their biochemical effects are generally evaluated in vitro, and their actual in vivo effect can vary significantly, depending on their metabolic profiles. To evaluate the effect of the liver metabolism on the antioxidant activity, we have developed a two-compartment microfluidic system that integrates the dynamics of liver metabolism and the subsequent antioxidant activity of food components. In the first compartment of the device, human liver enzyme fractions were immobilized inside a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel to mimic the liver metabolism. The radical scavenging activity was evaluated by the change of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) absorbance in the second compartment. Reaction engineering and fluid mechanics principles were used to develop a simplified analytical model and a more complex finite element model, which were used to design the chip and determine the optimal flow conditions. For real-time measurements of the reaction on a chip, we developed a custom-made photospectrometer system with an LED light source. The developed microfluidic system showed a linear and dose-dependent antioxidant activity in response to increasing concentration of flavonoid. We also compared the antioxidant activity of flavonoid after various liver metabolic reactions. This microfluidic system can serve as a novel in vitro platform for predicting the antioxidant activity of various food components in a more physiologically realistic manner, as well as for studying the mechanism of action of such food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.
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429
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Cui J, Han Y, Jiang W. Asymmetric vesicle constructed by AB/CB diblock copolymer mixture and its behavior: a Monte Carlo study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9219-9227. [PMID: 25029409 DOI: 10.1021/la501674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric vesicles constructed from AB/CB diblock copolymer mixture in a selective solvent for A and C blocks are studied using Monte Carlo simulation. The effects of the mixed ratio of the two diblock copolymers, the solution pH, and the hydrophilic chain length on the distributions of hydrophilic blocks on the surfaces of asymmetric vesicles are studied systematically. The simulation results show that asymmetric vesicle, in which the inner and outer surfaces are constructed from different hydrophilic blocks, can be obtained from AB/CB diblock copolymer mixture. The formation of ABC or CBA three-layer asymmetric vesicle depends on the composition of the mixture, the chain length of hydrophilic block, and the solution pH. The hydrophilic block with the same charge (induced by the solution pH), or longer chain length, or lower content in the mixture is more likely to distribute on the outer surface of the vesicle. Moreover, the transition from ABC to CBA three-layer asymmetric vesicle in which blocks C are charged can occur by adjusting the composition of the mixture. On the other hand, the investigations of the interfacial energy density of asymmetric vesicles elucidate the distribution regularity of hydrophilic blocks. When the hydrophilic chain lengths are equal, the difference between the outer and inner interfacial energies is the main factor that determines the asymmetric vesicle structures; that is, the distributions of different hydrophilic blocks on asymmetric vesicles always tend to gain the largest difference between the outer and inner interfacial energies. However, when the hydrophilic chain lengths are different, the chain conformational entropy becomes the main driving force for determining the distribution of hydrophilic blocks on asymmetric vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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430
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Guojun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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431
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Huang SJ, Hsu ZR, Wang LF. Synthesis and characterization of pluronic-block-poly(N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) pentablock copolymers for drug/gene co-delivery systems. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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432
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Pippa N, Mariaki M, Pispas S, Demetzos C. Preparation, development and in vitro release evaluation of amphotericin B-loaded amphiphilic block copolymer vectors. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:80-6. [PMID: 24998505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to design and develop a suitable polymeric formulation incorporating amphotericin B (Ampho B) in order to overcome its water insolubility problem. To this end, we have chosen the poly(isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) amphiphilic block copolymer (IEO) family. We investigate the self assembly behavior and the stability kinetics of IEO copolymer based nanostructures formed in HPLC grade water and in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The IEO block copolymer samples investigated have different molecular weights and compositions. A gamut of light scattering techniques (static, dynamic and electrophoretic) were used in order to extract information on the size, ζ-potential and morphological characteristics of the structures formed, as a function of the molar ratio of incorporated lipophilic drug Ampho B. The amphiphilic character and the colloidal stability of the particular polymeric drug vectors indicate that these nanostructures can be utilized as effective containers for the particular hydrophobic drug. The incorporation of Ampho B led to alteration of the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the pure polymeric carriers. It is observed that the in vitro release of Ampho B from the prepared vectors IEO-b:Ampho B was quite slow, while the IEO-a carriers did not release Ampho B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Mariaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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433
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Cabral H, Miyata K, Kishimura A. Nanodevices for studying nano-pathophysiology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:35-52. [PMID: 24993612 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nano-scaled devices are a promising platform for specific detection of pathological targets, facilitating the analysis of biological tissues in real-time, while improving the diagnostic approaches and the efficacy of therapies. Herein, we review nanodevice approaches, including liposomes, nanoparticles and polymeric nanoassemblies, such as polymeric micelles and vesicles, which can precisely control their structure and functions for specifically interacting with cells and tissues. These systems have been successfully used for the selective delivery of reporter and therapeutic agents to specific tissues with controlled cellular and subcellular targeting of biomolecules and programmed operation inside the body, suggesting a high potential for developing the analysis for nano-pathophysiology.
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434
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Wu W, Wang W, Li S, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Luo X, Li J. Physiological pH-triggered morphological transition of amphiphilic block copolymer self-assembly. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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435
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Till U, Gaucher-Delmas M, Saint-Aguet P, Hamon G, Marty JD, Chassenieux C, Payré B, Goudounèche D, Mingotaud AF, Violleau F. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with multi-angle light scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering for characterization of polymersomes: comparison with classical techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7841-53. [PMID: 24951132 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymersomes formed from amphiphilic block copolymers, such as poly(ethyleneoxide-b-ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) or poly(ethyleneoxide-b-methylmethacrylate), were characterized by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), multi-angle light scattering (MALS), and refractive index detection, leading to the determination of their size, shape, and molecular weight. The method was cross-examined with more classical ones, like batch dynamic and static light scattering, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results show good complementarities between all the techniques; asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation being the most pertinent one when the sample exhibits several different types of population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Till
- Université de Toulouse, UPS/CNRS, IMRCP, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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436
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Iatrou H, Dimas K, Gkikas M, Tsimblouli C, Sofianopoulou S. Polymersomes from polypeptide containing triblock Co- and terpolymers for drug delivery against pancreatic cancer: asymmetry of the external hydrophilic blocks. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1222-38. [PMID: 24838730 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined amphiphilic polymers of the ABA and ABC type are synthesized, where A is poly(L-lysine hydrochloride) (PLL), B is poly(γ-benzyl-(d7) L-glutamate) (PBLG(-d7)), and C is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The two polymers exhibit similar PBLG(-d7) composition, while in the ABC, the volume fraction of PEO block is higher than that of PLL. Both polymers form polymersomes in water. The polymersomes are loaded with doxorubicin or paclitaxel. It is found that in the ABC, due to asymmetry of the two hydrophilic blocks, PEO is always on the outer periphery and the dimensions of the vesicles are smaller. The release of the vesicles is temperature- and pH-dependent. In vivo toxicity tests of the empty vesicles show that they are not toxic. In vitro activity of the loaded vesicles against human pancreatic cancer cell lines reveals comparable activity to Myocet for the ABA loaded with doxorubicin, while lower activity is observed for the ABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermis Iatrou
- University of Athens, Chemistry Department, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
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437
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Ailincai D, Ritter H. Cyclodextrin-poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanoparticles able to complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:651-7. [PMID: 24991501 PMCID: PMC4077308 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new compound composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was synthesized by click chemistry. This compound was used to obtain stable nanoparticles, which have been proven to be able to complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate. The nanoparticles are characterized by a distinct morphology, i.e., a hydrophobic core formed by the polyester chain and a shell containing the CD part. Moreover, the formed nanoparticles have been proven to encapsulate umbelliferone in the polyester phase, which may serve as an example for the uptake of a drug. The formed nanoparticles were characterized in terms of sizes and morphology by both DLS and TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ailincai
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Helmut Ritter
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Geb. 26.33, Eb. 00, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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438
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Krishnamoorthy B, Karanam V, Chellan VR, Siram K, Natarajan TS, Gregory M. Polymersomes as an effective drug delivery system for glioma--a review. J Drug Target 2014; 22:469-77. [PMID: 24830300 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.916712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most commonly occurring malignant brain tumours which need proper treatment strategy. The current therapies for treating glioma like surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have failed in achieving satisfactory results and this forms a rationale for the development of novel drug delivery systems. Among them, polymersomes are superior novel carriers with diverse functions like enhanced stability, low permeability, tunable membrane properties, surface functionality, and long blood circulation time which make them suitable for cancer therapy. These are bilayered vesicles capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs used to target glioma effectively. In this review, we have discussed on general preparation, characterization, and targeting aspects of surface modified polymersomes for effective delivery of therapeutic agents to glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PSG College of Pharmacy , Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu , India and
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439
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Camblin M, Detampel P, Kettiger H, Wu D, Balasubramanian V, Huwyler J. Polymersomes containing quantum dots for cellular imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2287-98. [PMID: 24872691 PMCID: PMC4026565 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are highly fluorescent and stable probes for cellular and molecular imaging. However, poor intracellular delivery, stability, and toxicity of QDs in biological compartments hamper their use in cellular imaging. To overcome these limitations, we developed a simple and effective method to load QDs into polymersomes (Ps) made of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PDMS-PMOXA) diblock copolymers without compromising the characteristics of the QDs. These Ps showed no cellular toxicity and QDs were successfully incorporated into the aqueous compartment of the Ps as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Ps containing QDs showed colloidal stability over a period of 6 weeks if stored in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at physiological pH (7.4). Efficient intracellular delivery of Ps containing QDs was achieved in human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) and was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ps containing QDs showed a time- and concentration-dependent uptake in HepG2 cells and exhibited better intracellular stability than liposomes. Our results suggest that Ps containing QDs can be used as nanoprobes for cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Camblin
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Detampel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Kettiger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dalin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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440
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Multifunctional polymersomes for cytosolic delivery of gemcitabine and doxorubicin to cancer cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6482-97. [PMID: 24797878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although liposomes are widely used as carriers of drugs and imaging agents, they suffer from a lack of stability and the slow release of the encapsulated contents at the targeted site. Polymersomes (vesicles of amphiphilic polymers) are considerably more stable compared to liposomes; however, they also demonstrate a slow release for the encapsulated contents, limiting their efficacy as a drug-delivery tool. As a solution, we prepared and characterized echogenic polymersomes, which are programmed to release the encapsulated drugs rapidly when incubated with cytosolic concentrations of glutathione. These vesicles encapsulated air bubbles inside and efficiently reflected diagnostic-frequency ultrasound. Folate-targeted polymersomes showed an enhanced uptake by breast and pancreatic-cancer cells in a monolayer as well as in three-dimensional spheroid cultures. Polymersomes encapsulated with the anticancer drugs gemcitabine and doxorubicin showed significant cytotoxicity to these cells. With further improvements, these vesicles hold the promise to serve as multifunctional nanocarriers, offering a triggered release as well as diagnostic ultrasound imaging.
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441
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de la Rosa VR. Poly(2-oxazoline)s as materials for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1211-1225. [PMID: 23975334 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The conjunction of polymers and medicine enables the development of new materials that display novel features, opening new ways to administrate drugs, design implants and biosensors, to deliver pharmaceuticals impacting cancer treatment, regenerative medicine or gene therapy. Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) constitute a polymer class with exceptional properties for their use in a plethora of different biomedical applications and are proposed as a versatile platform for the development of new medicine. Herein, a global vision of POx as a platform for novel biomaterials is offered, by highlighting the recent advances and breakthroughs in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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442
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Neubauer MP, Poehlmann M, Fery A. Microcapsule mechanics: from stability to function. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:65-80. [PMID: 24345731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsules are reviewed with special emphasis on the relevance of controlled mechanical properties for functional aspects. At first, assembly strategies are presented that allow control over the decisive geometrical parameters, diameter and wall thickness, which both influence the capsule's mechanical performance. As one of the most powerful approaches the layer-by-layer technique is identified. Subsequently, ensemble and, in particular, single-capsule deformation techniques are discussed. The latter generally provide more in-depth information and cover the complete range of applicable forces from smaller than pN to N. In a theory chapter, we illustrate the physics of capsule deformation. The main focus is on thin shell theory, which provides a useful approximation for many deformation scenarios. Finally, we give an overview of applications and future perspectives where the specific design of mechanical properties turns microcapsules into (multi-)functional devices, enriching especially life sciences and material sciences.
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443
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Cui J, van Koeverden MP, Müllner M, Kempe K, Caruso F. Emerging methods for the fabrication of polymer capsules. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:14-31. [PMID: 24210468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hollow polymer capsules are attracting increasing research interest due to their potential application as drug delivery vectors, sensors, biomimetic nano- or multi-compartment reactors and catalysts. Thus, significant effort has been directed toward tuning their size, composition, morphology, and functionality to further their application. In this review, we provide an overview of emerging techniques for the fabrication of polymer capsules, encompassing: self-assembly, layer-by-layer assembly, single-step polymer adsorption, bio-inspired assembly, surface polymerization, and ultrasound assembly. These techniques can be applied to prepare polymer capsules with diverse functionality and physicochemical properties, which may fulfill specific requirements in various areas. In addition, we critically evaluate the challenges associated with the application of polymer capsules in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Martin P van Koeverden
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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444
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Wen X, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhang X, Lu L, Shuai X, Shen J. In vivo monitoring of neural stem cells after transplantation in acute cerebral infarction with dual-modal MR imaging and optical imaging. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4627-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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445
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Sun H, Meng F, Cheng R, Deng C, Zhong Z. Reduction and pH dual-bioresponsive crosslinked polymersomes for efficient intracellular delivery of proteins and potent induction of cancer cell apoptosis. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2159-68. [PMID: 24440420 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical applications of protein drugs are restricted because of the absence of viable protein delivery vehicles. Here, we report on reduction- and pH--sensitive crosslinked polymersomes based on the poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(acrylic acid)-poly(2-(diethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate) (PEG-PAA-PDEA) triblock copolymer for efficient intracellular delivery of proteins and the potent induction of cancer cell apoptosis. PEG-PAA-PDEA (1.9-0.8-8.2kgmol(-1)) was synthesized by controlled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and further modified with cysteamine to yield the thiol-containing PEG-PAA(SH)-PDEA copolymer. PEG-PAA(SH)-PDEA was water-soluble at acidic and physiological pH but formed robust and monodisperse polymersomes with an average size of ∼35nm upon increasing the pH to 7.8 or above followed by oxidative crosslinking. These disulfide-crosslinked polymersomes, while exhibiting excellent colloidal stability, were rapidly dissociated in response to 10mM glutathione at neutral or mildly acidic conditions. Notably, these polymersomes could efficiently load proteins like bovine serum albumin and cytochrome C (CC). The in vitro release studies revealed that protein release was fast and nearly quantitative under the intracellular-mimicking reducing environment. Confocal microscopy observations showed that these dual-sensitive polymersomes efficiently released fluorescein isothiocyanate-CC into MCF-7 cells in 6h. Most remarkably, MTT assays showed that CC-loaded dual-sensitive polymersomes induced potent cancer cell apoptosis, in which markedly decreased cell viabilities of 11.3%, 8.1% and 52.7% were observed for MCF-7, HeLa and 293T cells, respectively, at a CC dosage of 160μgml(-1). In contrast, free CC caused no cell death under otherwise the same conditions. These dual-bioresponsive polymersomes have appeared as a multifunctional platform for active intracellular protein release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Sun
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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446
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Chantasirichot S, Inoue Y, Ishihara K. Amphiphilic Triblock Phospholipid Copolymers Bearing Phenylboronic Acid Groups for Spontaneous Formation of Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5006099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Chantasirichot
- Department of Materials Engineering, ‡Department of Bioengineering,
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuuki Inoue
- Department of Materials Engineering, ‡Department of Bioengineering,
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, ‡Department of Bioengineering,
School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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447
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Akter N, Radiman S. Effect of polyethylene glycol-2000 on amino acid surfactant-based vesicles. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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448
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Miao L, Liu F, Lin S, Hu J, Liu G, Yang Y, Tu Y, Hou C, Li F, Hu M, Luo H. Superparamagnetic-oil-filled nanocapsules of a ternary graft copolymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3996-4004. [PMID: 24684287 DOI: 10.1021/la500415u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stearic and oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were dispersed in decahydronaphthalene (DN). This oil phase was dispersed in water using ternary graft copolymer poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-graft-[polystyrene-ran-(methoxy polyethylene glycol)-ran-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)] or PGMA-g-(PS-r-MPEG-r-PCEMA) to yield capsules. The walls of these capsules were composed of PCEMA chains that were soluble in neither water nor DN, and the DN-soluble PS chains stretched into the droplet phase and the water-soluble MPEG chains extended into the aqueous phase. Structurally stable capsules were prepared by photolyzing the capsules with UV light to cross-link the PCEMA layer. Both the magnetite particles and the magnetite-containing capsules were superparamagnetic. The sizes of the capsules increased as they were loaded with more magnetite nanoparticles, reaching a maximal loading of ~0.5 mg of ligated magnetite nanoparticles per mg of copolymer. But the radii of the capsules were always <100 nm. Thus, a novel nanomaterial--superparamagnetic-oil-filled polymer nanocapsules--was prepared. The more heavily loaded capsules were readily captured by a magnet and could be redispersed via shaking. Although the cross-linked capsules survived this capturing and redispersing treatment many times, the un-cross-linked capsules ruptured after four cycles. These results suggest the potential to tailor-make capsules with tunable wall stability for magnetically controlled release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry and ‡Key Laboratory of Cellulose Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, PR China 510650
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449
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Pradhan S, Chaudhury CS, Lipke EA. Dual-phase, surface tension-based fabrication method for generation of tumor millibeads. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3817-3825. [PMID: 24617794 DOI: 10.1021/la500402m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous methods have been developed for the fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel microstructures for drug-delivery and tissue-engineering applications. However, present methods focus on the fabrication of submicrometer scale hydrogel structures which have limited applications in creating larger tissue constructs, especially in recreating cancer tissue microenvironments. We aimed to establish a platform where cancer cells can be cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, which closely replicates the native cancer microenvironment and facilitates efficient testing of anticancer drugs. This study demonstrated a novel surface tension-based fabrication technique for the generation of millimeter-scale hydrogel beads using a liquid-liquid dual phase system. The "hydrogel millibeads" obtained by this method were larger than previously reported, highly uniform in shape and size with better ease of size control and a high degree of consistency and reproducibility between batches. In addition, human breast cancer cells were encapsulated within these hydrogel constructs to generate "tumor millibeads", which were subsequently maintained in long-term 3D culture. Microscopic visualization using fluorescence imaging and microstructure analysis showed the morphology and uniform distribution of the cells within the 3D matrix and arrangement of cells with the surrounding scaffold material. Cell viability analysis revealed the creation of a core region of dead cells surrounded by healthy, viable cell layers at the periphery following long-term culture. These observations closely matched with those of native and in vivo tumors. Based on these results, this study established a rapidly reproducible surface tension-based fabrication technique for making spherical hydrogel millibeads and demonstrated the potential of this method in creating engineered 3D tumor tissues. It is envisioned that the developed hydrogel millibead system will facilitate the formation of physiologically relevant in vitro tumor models which will closely simulate the native tumor microenvironmental conditions and could enable future high-throughput testing of different anticancer drugs in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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450
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Huang B, Zhou S, Chen M, Wu L. Synthesis of Phosphate Buffered Saline- and Ascorbic Acid-Responsive Polymeric Nanocapsules with Cross-Linked Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Polystyrene Blocks. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- Department of Materials
Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers,
the Advanced Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuxue Zhou
- Department of Materials
Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers,
the Advanced Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials
Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers,
the Advanced Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials
Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers,
the Advanced Coatings Research Center of MEC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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