401
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Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Toward Integrative Diagnostic Frameworks and Tailored Treatments. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040796. [PMID: 35453843 PMCID: PMC9029739 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represents an increasing social burden, with the unsolved issue of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). The failure of clinical trials treating Alzheimer′s Disease (AD) so far highlighted the need for a different approach in drug design and patient selection. Identifying subjects in the prodromal or early symptomatic phase is critical to slow down neurodegeneration, but the implementation of screening programs with this aim will have an ethical and social aftermath. Novel minimally invasive candidate biomarkers (derived from blood, saliva, olfactory brush) or classical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been developed in research settings to stratify patients with NDDs. Misfolded protein accumulation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss are the pathophysiological hallmarks detected by these biomarkers to refine diagnosis, prognosis, and target engagement of drugs in clinical trials. We reviewed fluid biomarkers of NDDs, considering their potential role as screening, diagnostic, or prognostic tool, and their present-day use in clinical trials (phase II and III). A special focus will be dedicated to novel techniques for the detection of misfolded proteins. Eventually, an applicative diagnostic algorithm will be proposed to translate the research data in clinical practice and select prodromal or early patients to be enrolled in the appropriate DMTs trials for NDDs.
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402
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Thomas AJ, Hamilton CA, Heslegrave A, Barker S, Durcan R, Lawley S, Barnett N, Lett D, Firbank M, Roberts G, Taylor JP, Donaghy PC, Zetterberg H, O'Brien J. A Longitudinal Study of Plasma pTau181 in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1495-1504. [PMID: 35318733 PMCID: PMC9540809 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology is common in dementia with Lewy bodies and is associated with increased decline. Plasma pTau181 is a blood-based biomarker that can detect AD co-pathology. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether pTau181 was associated with cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) and MCI with AD (MCI-AD). METHODS We assessed plasma pTau181 using a single-molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay at baseline and follow-up in a longitudinal cohort of MCI-LB, MCI-AD, and controls. RESULTS One hundred forty-six subjects (56 probable MCI-LB, 22 possible MCI-LB, 44 MCI-AD, and 24 controls) were reviewed for up to 5.7 years. Probable MCI-LB had significantly higher pTau181 (22.2% mean increase) compared with controls and significantly lower (24.4% mean decrease) levels compared with MCI-AD. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of pTau181 in discriminating probable MCI-LB from controls showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (83% specificity, 57% sensitivity); for discriminating MCI-AD from healthy controls, AUC was 0.8 (83.3% specificity, 72.7% sensitivity). pTau181 concentration was less useful in discriminating between probable MCI-LB and MCI-AD: AUC of 0.64 (71.4% specificity, 52.3% sensitivity). There was an association between pTau181 and cognitive decline in MCI-AD but not in MCI-LB. In a subset with repeat samples there was a nonsignificant 3% increase per follow-up year in plasma pTau181. The rate of change in pTau181 was not significantly different in different diagnostic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS pTau181 was not associated with an increased decline assessed using either baseline or repeat pTau181. pTau181 partially discriminated probable MCI-LB from controls and MCI-AD from controls but was not useful in distinguishing probable MCI-LB from MCI-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Calum A Hamilton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Barker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Durcan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lawley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Barnett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Lett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Firbank
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Roberts
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Nuclear Medicine Department, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Donaghy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - John O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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403
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Snellman A, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Emeršič A, Vrillon A, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Gregorič Kramberger M, Čučnik S, Paquet C, Rot U, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. N-terminal and mid-region tau fragments as fluid biomarkers in neurological diseases. Brain 2022; 145:2834-2848. [PMID: 35311972 PMCID: PMC9420020 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived tau secreted into CSF and blood consists of different N-terminal and mid-domain fragments, which may have a differential temporal course and thus, biomarker potential across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum or in other neurological diseases. While current clinically validated total tau assays target mid-domain epitopes, comparison of these assays with new biomarkers targeting N-terminal epitopes using the same analytical platform may be important to increase the understanding of tau pathophysiology. We developed three total tau immunoassays targeting specific N-terminal (NTA and NTB total tau) or mid-region (MR total tau) epitopes, using single molecule array technology. After analytical validation, the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers was evaluated in CSF and compared with the Innotest total tau (and as proof of concept, with N-p-tau181 and N-p-tau217) in three clinical cohorts (n = 342 total). The cohorts included participants across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum (n = 276), other dementias (n = 22), Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (n = 24), acute neurological disorders (n = 18) and progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 22). Furthermore, we evaluated all three new total tau biomarkers in plasma (n = 44) and replicated promising findings with NTA total tau in another clinical cohort (n = 50). In CSF, all total tau biomarkers were increased in Alzheimer’s disease compared with controls (P < 0.0001) and correlated with each other (rs = 0.53−0.95). NTA and NTB total tau, but not other total tau assays, distinguished amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative mild cognitive impairment with high accuracies (AUCs 84% and 82%, P < 0.001) matching N-p-tau217 (AUC 83%; DeLong test P = 0.93 and 0.88). All total tau assays were excellent in differentiating Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias (P < 0.001, AUCs 89–100%). In Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and acute neurological disorders, N-terminal total tau biomarkers had significantly higher fold changes versus controls in CSF (45–133-fold increase) than Innotest or MR total tau (11–42-fold increase, P < 0.0001 for all). In progressive supranuclear palsy, CSF concentrations of all total tau biomarkers were similar to those in controls. Plasma NTA total tau concentrations were increased in Alzheimer’s disease compared with controls in two independent cohorts (P = 0.0056 and 0.0033), while Quanterix total tau performed poorly (P = 0.55 and 0.44). Taken together, N-terminal-directed CSF total tau biomarkers increase ahead of standard total tau alternatives in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum, increase to higher degrees in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and acute neurological diseases and show better potential than Quanterix total tau as Alzheimer’s disease blood biomarkers. For progressive supranuclear palsy, other tau biomarkers should continue to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Snellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreja Emeršič
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Milica Gregorič Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU Nord APHP Hospital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S11-44 Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropsychopharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Uroš Rot
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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404
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Huang S, Wang YJ, Guo J. Biofluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress, Problems, and Perspectives. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:677-691. [PMID: 35306613 PMCID: PMC9206048 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the establishment of the biomarker-based A-T-N (Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration) framework in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the diagnosis of AD has become more precise, and cerebrospinal fluid tests and positron emission tomography examinations based on this framework have become widely accepted. However, the A-T-N framework does not encompass the whole spectrum of AD pathologies, and problems with invasiveness and high cost limit the application of the above diagnostic methods aimed at the central nervous system. Therefore, we suggest the addition of an “X” to the A-T-N framework and a focus on peripheral biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD. In this review, we retrospectively describe the recent progress in biomarkers based on the A-T-N-X framework, analyze the problems, and present our perspectives on the diagnosis of AD.
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405
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Connecting Acute and Chronic Neurocognitive Impairment: Commentary on Post-Operative Delirium and Its Relationship with Biomarkers of Dementia: A Meta-analysis. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:323-325. [PMID: 35538872 DOI: 10.1017/s104161022200028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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406
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Hardy-Sosa A, León-Arcia K, Llibre-Guerra JJ, Berlanga-Acosta J, Baez SDLC, Guillen-Nieto G, Valdes-Sosa PA. Diagnostic Accuracy of Blood-Based Biomarker Panels: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:683689. [PMID: 35360215 PMCID: PMC8963375 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.683689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because of high prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need for inexpensive and minimally invasive diagnostic tests to detect biomarkers in the earliest and asymptomatic stages of the disease. Blood-based biomarkers are predicted to have the most impact for use as a screening tool and predict the onset of AD, especially in LMICs. Furthermore, it has been suggested that panels of markers may perform better than single protein candidates. Methods Medline/Pubmed was searched to identify current relevant studies published from January 2016 to December 2020. We included all full-text articles examining blood-based biomarkers as a set of protein markers or panels to aid in AD's early diagnosis, prognosis, and characterization. Results Seventy-six articles met the inclusion criteria for systematic review. Majority of the studies reported plasma and serum as the main source for biomarker determination in blood. Protein-based biomarker panels were reported to aid in AD diagnosis and prognosis with better accuracy than individual biomarkers. Conventional (amyloid-beta and tau) and neuroinflammatory biomarkers, such as amyloid beta-42, amyloid beta-40, total tau, phosphorylated tau-181, and other tau isoforms, were the most represented. We found the combination of amyloid beta-42/amyloid beta-40 ratio and APOEε4 status to be most represented with high accuracy for predicting amyloid beta-positron emission tomography status. Conclusion Assessment of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in blood as a non-invasive and cost-effective alternative will potentially contribute to early diagnosis and improvement of therapeutic interventions. Given the heterogeneous nature of AD, combination of markers seems to perform better in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease than individual biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hardy-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Saiyet de la C. Baez
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba, La Habana, Cuba
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407
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Genome-wide association study identifies APOE locus influencing plasma p-tau181 levels. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:459-463. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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408
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Nabizadeh F, Pourhamzeh M, Khani S, Rezaei A, Ranjbaran F, Deravi N. Plasma phosphorylated-tau181 levels reflect white matter microstructural changes across Alzheimer's disease progression. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:761-771. [PMID: 35015198 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairments that hinder daily activities and lead to personal and behavioral problems. Plasma hyperphosphorylated tau protein at threonine 181 (p-tau181) has recently emerged as a new sensitive tool for the diagnosis of AD patients. We herein investigated the association of plasma P-tau181 and white matter (WM) microstructural changes in AD. We obtained data from a large prospective cohort of elderly individuals participating in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which included baseline measurements of plasma P-tau181 and imaging findings. A subset of 41 patients with AD, 119 patients with mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and 43 healthy controls (HC) was included in the study, all of whom had baseline blood P-tau181 levels and had also undergone Diffusion Tensor Imaging. The analysis revealed that the plasma level of P-tau181 has a positive correlation with changes in Mean Diffusivity (MD), Radial Diffusivity (RD), and Axial Diffusivity (AxD), but a negative with Fractional Anisotropy (FA) parameters in WM regions of all participants. There is also a significant association between WM microstructural changes in different regions and P-tau181 plasma measurements within each MCI, HC, and AD group. In conclusion, our findings clarified that plasma P-tau181 levels are associated with changes in WM integrity in AD. P-tau181 could improve the accuracy of diagnostic procedures and support the application of blood-based biomarkers to diagnose WM neurodegeneration. Longitudinal clinical studies are also needed to demonstrate the efficacy of the P-tau181 biomarker and predict its role in structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Nabizadeh
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saghar Khani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Rezaei
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbaran
- School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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409
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Lazar SV, Mor S, Wang D, Goldbloom-Helzner L, Clark K, Hao D, Farmer DL, Wang A. Engineering extracellular vesicles for Alzheimer's disease: An emerging cell-free approach for earlier diagnosis and treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1541. [PMID: 35266650 PMCID: PMC9397584 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting over five million people globally and has no established cure. Current AD-related treatments only alleviate cognitive and behavioral symptoms and do not address disease onset or progression, underlining the unmet need to create an effective, innovative AD therapeutic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics. These secreted, lipid-bound cellular signaling carriers show promise for potential clinical applications for neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Additionally, analyzing contents and characteristics of patient-derived EVs may address the unmet need for earlier AD diagnostic techniques, informing physicians of altered genetic expression or cellular communications specific to healthy and diseased physiological states. There are numerous recent advances in regenerative medicine using EVs and include bioengineering perspectives to modify EVs, target glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases like AD, and potentially use EVs to diagnose and treat AD earlier. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirjan Mor
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis
| | - David Wang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Leora Goldbloom-Helzner
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Kaitlin Clark
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Diana Lee Farmer
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
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410
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Tau proteins in blood as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:239-259. [PMID: 35175385 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized neuropathologically by extracellular Aβ plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. While in AD tau pathology probably follows early alterations in Aβ metabolism, it develops independently in the so-called primary tauopathies, the main form being frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology. Tau pathology in AD brain is reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by elevated levels of the two AD tau biomarkers total and phosphorylated tau, which are now used for routine diagnostic purposes. On the contrary, no established neurochemical biomarkers exist for tau pathology in primary tauopathies. Thanks to recent technological advances, total and phosphorylated tau can now be quantified also on peripheral blood, and accumulating evidence shows that measurement of plasma phosphorylated tau species (P-tau181, P-tau217, and P-tau231) has high performances in discriminating AD patients from cognitively unimpaired subjects but also from patients with other dementias. Moreover, plasma P-tau levels are associated with tracer uptake on tau- and amyloid-PET as well as with brain atrophy, cognitive measures and longitudinal changes of these parameters. These features, together with the low invasiveness, scalability, and ease of longitudinal sampling, which differentiate plasma P-tau species from their CSF counterparts, make these proteins promising peripheral biomarkers for AD in both research and clinical setting. This review discusses the recent developments in the field of plasma tau proteins as diagnostic, pathophysiological and prognostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease; additional findings from the fields of genetic forms of AD and of non-AD proteinopathies are also summarized.
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411
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Inglese S, Lavazza A, Abbate C. Crystal Ball Health Policies: A Case Against Preventive Testing For Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:842629. [PMID: 35242026 PMCID: PMC8886442 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.842629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After the recent approval of a new drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, the first in almost twenty years, it is useful to consider what are the real possibilities to make a preclinical diagnosis of dementia and to treat its symptoms. The scientific community widely agrees that the drugs available today can only slow down the progression of the disease; it, therefore, seems helpful to warn against encouraging the spread of preventive testing. In fact, faced with the prospect of drugs that promise to act in the first stage of Alzheimer’s, there might be an incentive to invest in the research on biomarkers and even healthy adults could be encouraged to increasingly resort to such prediction tests. Our claim, however, is that such massive use of biomarkers would eventually make things worse for many individuals and for society as well. A few examples are given to illustrate this risk. Therefore, our proposal is to limit access to prediction testing until truly effective treatments for Alzheimer’s are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Inglese
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Geriatric Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lavazza
- Centro Universitario Internazionale, Arezzo, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Lavazza
| | - Carlo Abbate
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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412
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Wang Y, Pan F, Xie F, He R, Guo Q. Correlation Between Urine Formaldehyde and Cognitive Abilities in the Clinical Spectrum of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:820385. [PMID: 35221998 PMCID: PMC8873387 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.820385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine-based formaldehyde has been reported to be a potential biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is a lack of research about the correlation between urine formaldehyde and cognitive abilities in the clinical spectrum of AD, especially the preclinical period. The relationship of urine formaldehyde with APOE genotype, brain Aβ status and plasma pathological markers in AD are also not clear. This study intends to explore the correlation between urine formaldehyde and cognitive abilities throughout the AD continuum, to evaluate the role of APOE genotype and Aβ accumulation on urine formaldehyde, and further to clarify the relationship between urine formaldehyde level and AD plasma pathological markers. We recruited 72 cognitively normal controls (NC), 110 subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 140 objectively defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD), 171 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 136 AD dementia participants. Next, we collected the data of clinical materials, neuropsychological examination, APOE genotyping, urine formaldehyde concentration, 18F-florbetapir PET imaging and plasma biomarkers. Compared with NC, Obj-SCD and MCI groups, the level of urine formaldehyde was found to be significantly upregulated in SCD group. In addition, the level of urine formaldehyde was significantly higher in AD group compared to both NC and MCI groups. Further subgroup analysis showed that, the level of urine formaldehyde was higher in APOE ε4+ subgroup compared to APOE ε4– subgroup in both NC and AD groups. There was no difference in urine formaldehyde level between the brain Aβ+ subgroup and Aβ– subgroup in each group. In addition, regression analysis showed urine formaldehyde level was correlated with gender, plasma Aβ42 and p-Tau181/T-tau. The dynamic change of urine formaldehyde in the AD continuum could be used as a potential biomarker, and combined with comprehensive cognitive evaluation could become a useful method to distinguish SCD from NC and Obj-SCD, and to distinguish MCI from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Pan
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongqiao He,
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Qihao Guo,
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413
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Snellman A, Ekblad LL, Koivumäki M, Lindgrén N, Tuisku J, Perälä M, Kallio L, Lehtonen R, Saunavaara V, Saunavaara J, Oikonen V, Aarnio R, Löyttyniemi E, Parkkola R, Karrasch M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rinne JO. ASIC-E4: Interplay of Beta-Amyloid, Synaptic Density and Neuroinflammation in Cognitively Normal Volunteers With Three Levels of Genetic Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease - Study Protocol and Baseline Characteristics. Front Neurol 2022; 13:826423. [PMID: 35222254 PMCID: PMC8863967 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.826423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed characterization of early pathophysiological changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) is necessary to enable development of correctly targeted and timed disease-modifying treatments. ASIC-E4 study ("Beta-Amyloid, Synaptic loss, Inflammation and Cognition in healthy APOE ε4 carriers") combines state-of-the-art neuroimaging and fluid-based biomarker measurements to study the early interplay of three key pathological features of AD, i.e., beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction and loss in cognitively normal volunteers with three different levels of genetic (APOE-related) risk for late-onset AD. OBJECTIVE Here, our objective is to describe the study design, used protocols and baseline demographics of the ASIC-E4 study. METHODS/DESIGN ASIC-E4 is a prospective observational multimodal imaging study performed in Turku PET Centre in collaboration with University of Gothenburg. Cognitively normal 60-75-year-old-individuals with known APOE ε4/ε4 genotype were recruited via local Auria Biobank (Turku, Finland). Recruitment of the project has been completed in July 2020 and 63 individuals were enrolled to three study groups (Group 1: APOE ε4/ε4, N = 19; Group 2: APOE ε4/ε3, N = 22; Group 3: APOE ε3/ε3, N = 22). At baseline, all participants will undergo positron emission tomography imaging with tracers targeted against Aβ deposition (11C-PIB), activated glia (11C-PK11195) and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (11C-UCB-J), two brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, and extensive cognitive testing. In addition, blood samples are collected for various laboratory measurements and blood biomarker analysis and cerebrospinal fluid samples are collected from a subset of participants based on additional voluntary informed consent. To evaluate the predictive value of the early neuroimaging findings, neuropsychological evaluation and blood biomarker measurements will be repeated after a 4-year follow-up period. DISCUSSION Results of the ASIC-E4 project will bridge the gap related to limited knowledge of the synaptic and inflammatory changes and their association with each other and Aβ in "at-risk" individuals. Thorough in vivo characterization of the biomarker profiles in this population will produce valuable information for diagnostic purposes and future drug development, where the field has already started to look beyond Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Laura L. Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Lindgrén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Perälä
- Auria Biobank, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lila Kallio
- Auria Biobank, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riina Lehtonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Richard Aarnio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mira Karrasch
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juha O. Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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414
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Jonaitis EM, Zetterberg H, Koscik RL, Betthauser TJ, Van Hulle CA, Hogan K, Hegge L, Kollmorgen G, Suridjan I, Gleason CE, Engelman CD, Okonkwo OC, Asthana S, Bendlin BB, Carlsson CM, Johnson SC, Blennow K. Crosswalk study on blood collection-tube types for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12266. [PMID: 35155728 PMCID: PMC8828996 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers show promise, but pre-analytical protocol differences may pose problems. We examined seven AD blood biomarkers (amyloid beta [A β ] 42 ,A β 40 ,phosphorylated tau [ p - ta u 181 , total tau [t-tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL],A β 42 40 , andp - ta u 181 A β 42 ) in three collection tube types (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] plasma, heparin plasma, serum). METHODS Plasma and serum were obtained from cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid positron emission tomography-positive and -negative participants (N = 38) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. We modeled AD biomarker values observed in EDTA plasma versus heparin plasma and serum, and assessed correspondence with brain amyloidosis. RESULTS Results suggested bias due to tube type, but crosswalks are possible for some analytes, with excellent model fit for NfL (R 2 = 0.94), adequate for amyloid (R 2 = 0.40-0.69), and weaker for t-tau (R 2 = 0.04-0.42) andp - ta u 181 (R 2 = 0.22-0.29). Brain amyloidosis differentiated several measures, especially EDTA plasmapTa u 181 A β 42 (d = 1.29). DISCUSSION AD biomarker concentrations vary by tube type. However, correlations for some biomarkers support harmonization across types, suggesting cautious optimism for use in banked blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Jonaitis
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratoryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Tobey J. Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kirk Hogan
- Department of AnesthesiologySchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Laura Hegge
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Carey E. Gleason
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- School of Medicine and Public HealthWisconsin Alzheimer's InstituteUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratoryInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
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415
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Benedet AL, Brum WS, Hansson O, Karikari TK, Zimmer ER, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Ashton NJ. The accuracy and robustness of plasma biomarker models for amyloid PET positivity. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:26. [PMID: 35130933 PMCID: PMC8819863 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have broad potential as screening tools in primary care and disease-modifying trials. Detecting elevated amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology to support trial recruitment or initiating Aβ-targeting treatments would be of critical value. In this study, we aimed to examine the robustness of plasma biomarkers to detect elevated Aβ pathology at different stages of the AD continuum. Beyond determining the best biomarker—or biomarker combination—for detecting this outcome, we also simulated increases in inter-assay coefficient of variability (CV) to account for external factors not considered by intra-assay variability. With this, we aimed to determine whether plasma biomarkers would maintain their accuracy if applied in a setting which anticipates higher variability (i.e., clinical routine). Methods We included 118 participants (cognitively unimpaired [CU, n = 50], cognitively impaired [CI, n = 68]) from the ADNI study with a full plasma biomarker profile (Aβ42/40, GFAP, p-tau181, NfL) and matched amyloid imaging. Initially, we investigated how simulated CV variations impacted single-biomarker discriminative performance of amyloid status. Then, we evaluated the predictive performance of models containing different biomarker combinations, based both on original and simulated measurements. Plasma Aβ42/40 was represented by both immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and single molecule array (Simoa) methods in separate analyses. Model selection was based on a decision tree which incorporated Akaike information criterion value, likelihood ratio tests between the best-fitting models and, finally, and Schwartz’s Bayesian information criterion. Results Increasing variation greatly impacted the performance of plasma Aβ42/40 in discriminating Aβ status. In contrast, the performance of plasma GFAP and p-tau181 remained stable with variations >20%. When biomarker models were compared, the models “AG” (Aβ42/40 + GFAP; AUC = 86.5), “A” (Aβ42/40; AUC = 82.3), and “AGP” (Aβ42/40 + GFAP + p-tau181; AUC = 93.5) were superior in determining Aβ burden in all participants, within-CU, and within-CI groups, respectively. In the robustness analyses, when repeating model selection based on simulated measurements, models including IP-MS Aβ42/40 were also most often selected. Simoa Aβ42/40 did not contribute to any selected model when used as an immunoanalytical alternative to IP-MS Aβ42/40. Conclusions Plasma Aβ42/40, as quantified by IP-MS, shows high performance in determining Aβ positivity at all stages of the AD continuum, with GFAP and p-tau181 further contributing at CI stage. However, between-assay variations greatly impacted the performance of Aβ42/40 but not that of GFAP and p-tau181. Therefore, when dealing with between-assay CVs that exceed 5%, plasma GFAP and p-tau181 should be considered for a more robust determination of Aβ burden in CU and CI participants, respectively. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00942-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Wagner S Brum
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
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416
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Jack CR, Therneau TM, Lundt ES, Wiste HJ, Mielke MM, Knopman DS, Graff-Radford J, Lowe VJ, Vemuri P, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Gunter JL, Petersen RC. Long-term associations between amyloid positron emission tomography, sex, apolipoprotein E and incident dementia and mortality among individuals without dementia: hazard ratios and absolute risk. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac017. [PMID: 35310829 PMCID: PMC8924651 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and mortality rates rise inexorably with age and consequently interact. However, because of the major logistical difficulties in accounting for both outcomes in a defined population, very little work has examined how risk factors and biomarkers for incident dementia are influenced by competing mortality. The objective of this study was to examine long-term associations between amyloid PET, APOE ɛ4, sex, education and cardiovascular/metabolic conditions, and hazard and absolute risk of dementia and mortality in individuals without dementia at enrolment. Participants were enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a population-based study of cognitive ageing in Olmsted County, MN, USA. All were without dementia and were age 55-92 years at enrolment and were followed longitudinally. Predictor variables were amyloid PET, APOE ɛ4 status, sex, education, cardiovascular/metabolic conditions and age. The main outcomes were incident dementia and mortality. Multivariable, multi-state models were used to estimate mortality and incident dementia rates and absolute risk of dementia and mortality by predictor variable group. Of the 4984 participants in the study, 4336 (87%) were cognitively unimpaired and 648 (13%) had mild cognitive impairment at enrolment. The median age at enrolment was 75 years; 2463 (49%) were women. The median follow-up time was 9.4 years (7.5 years after PET). High versus normal amyloid (hazard ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.43-2.79), APOE ɛ4 (women: hazard ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.80-2.77; men: hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.71), older age and two additional cardiovascular/metabolic conditions (hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.22-1.53) were associated with the increased hazard of dementia (all P < 0.001). Among APOE ɛ4 carriers with elevated amyloid, remaining lifetime risk of dementia at age 65 years was greater in women [74% (95% confidence interval 65-84%) high and 58% (95% confidence interval 52-65%) moderate amyloid], than men [62% (95% confidence interval 52-73%) high and 44% (95% confidence interval 35-53%) moderate amyloid]. Overall, the hazard and absolute risk of dementia varied considerably by predictor group. The absolute risk of dementia associated with predictors characteristic of Alzheimer's disease was greater in women than men while at the same time the combination of APOE ɛ4 non-carrier with normal amyloid was more protective in women than men. This set of findings may be attributed in part to different biological effects and in part to lower mortality rates in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry M. Therneau
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily S. Lundt
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Heather J. Wiste
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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417
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Xie Y, Yang S, Li W, Sun H, He Q, Wu T. Predicted Cognitive Conversion in Guiding Early Decision-Tailoring on Patients With Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:813923. [PMID: 35185520 PMCID: PMC8847748 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.813923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline is the most dominant and patient-oriented symptom during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study was designed to test the feasibility of hybrid convolutional neural networks and long-short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) modeling driven early decision-tailoring with the predicted long-term cognitive conversion in AD and MCI. METHODS Characteristics of patients with AD or MCI covering demographic features, clinical features, and time-dependent neuropsychological-related features were fused into the hybrid CNN-LSTM modeling to predict cognitive conversion based on a 4-point change in the AD assessment scale-cognition score. Treatment reassignment rates were estimated based on the actual and predicted cognitive conversion at 3 and 6 months according to the prespecified principle; that is if the ADAS-cog score of the patient declines less than 4 points or increases at either follow-up time point, the medical treatment recommended upon their diagnosis would be considered insufficient. Therefore, it is recommended to upgrade the medical treatment upon diagnosis. Actual and predicted treatment reassignment rates were compared in the general population and subpopulations categorized by age, gender, symptom severity, and the intervention subtypes. RESULTS A total of 224 patients were included in the analysis. The hybrid CNN-LSTM model achieved the mean AUC of 0.735 (95% CI: 0.701-0.769) at 3 months and 0.853 (95% CI: 0.814-0.892) at 6 months in predicting cognitive conversion status. The AUC at 6 months was significantly impacted when data collected at 3 months were withdrawn. The predicted cognitive conversion suggested a revision of medical treatment in 46.43% (104/224) of patients at 3 months and 54.02% (121/224) at 6 months as compared with 62.05% (139/224) at 3 months (p = 0.001) and 62.50% (140/224) at 6 months (p = 0.069) according to their actual cognitive conversion. No significant differences were detected between treatment reassignment rates estimated based on actual and predicted cognitive conversion in all directions at 6 months. CONCLUSION Using the synergistic advances of deep learning modeling and featured longitudinal information, our hypothesis was preliminarily verified with the comparable predictive performance in cognitive conversion. Results provided the possibility of reassigned recommended treatment for those who may suffer from cognitive decline in the future. Considering the limited diversity of treatment strategies applied in this study, the real-world medical situation should be further simulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaiqing Sun
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou First People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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418
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Petersen RC. Are plasma markers for Alzheimer's disease ready for clinical use? NATURE AGING 2022; 2:94-96. [PMID: 37117758 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Petersen
- Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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419
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Janelidze S, Palmqvist S, Leuzy A, Stomrud E, Verberk IMW, Zetterberg H, Ashton NJ, Pesini P, Sarasa L, Allué JA, Teunissen CE, Dage JL, Blennow K, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Hansson O. Detecting amyloid positivity in early Alzheimer's disease using combinations of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:283-293. [PMID: 34151519 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied usefulness of combining blood amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)217, and neurofilament light (NfL) to detect abnormal brain Aβ deposition in different stages of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Plasma biomarkers were measured using mass spectrometry (Aβ42/Aβ40) and immunoassays (p-tau217 and NfL) in cognitively unimpaired individuals (CU, N = 591) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 304) from two independent cohorts (BioFINDER-1, BioFINDER-2). RESULTS In CU, a combination of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau217 detected abnormal brain Aβ status with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 to 0.86. In MCI, the models including p-tau217 alone or Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau217 had similar AUCs (0.86-0.88); however, the latter showed improved model fit. The models were implemented in an online application providing individualized risk assessments (https://brainapps.shinyapps.io/PredictABplasma/). DISCUSSION A combination of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau217 discriminated Aβ status with relatively high accuracy, whereas p-tau217 showed strongest associations with Aβ pathology in MCI but not in CU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Antoine Leuzy
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Tissot C, Therriault J, Kunach P, L Benedet A, Pascoal TA, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Servaes S, Lussier FZ, Chamoun M, Tudorascu DL, Stevenson J, Rahmouni N, Poltronetti NM, Pallen V, Bezgin G, Kang MS, Mathotaarachchi SS, Wang YT, Fernandez Arias J, Ferreira PCL, Ferrari-Souza JP, Vanmechelen E, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Gauthier S, Rosa-Neto P. Comparing tau status determined via plasma pTau181, pTau231 and [ 18F]MK6240 tau-PET. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103837. [PMID: 35134647 PMCID: PMC8844756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is assessed via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Positron emission tomography (PET). Novel methods to detect phosphorylated tau (pTau) in blood have been recently developed. We aim to investigate agreement of tau status as determined by [18F]MK6240 tau-PET, plasma pTau181 and pTau231. METHODS We assessed cognitively unimpaired young, cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment and AD individuals with [18F]MK6240, plasma pTau181, pTau 231, [18F]AZD4694 amyloid-PET and MRI. A subset underwent CSF assessment. We conducted ROC curves to obtain cut-off values for plasma pTau epitopes. Individuals were categorized as positive or negative in all biomarkers. We then compared the distribution among concordant and discordant groups in relation to diagnosis, Aβ status, APOEε4 status, [18F]AZD4694 global SUVR, hippocampal volume and CSF pTau181. FINDINGS The threshold for positivity was 15.085 pg/mL for plasma pTau181 and 17.652 pg/mL for plasma pTau231. Most individuals had concordant statuses, however, 18% of plasma181/PET, 26% of plasma231/PET and 25% of the pTau231/pTau181 were discordant. Positivity to at least one biomarker was often accompanied by diagnosis of cognitive impairment, Aβ positivity, APOEε4 carriership, higher levels of [18F]AZD4694 global SUVR, hippocampal atrophy and CSF pTau181. INTERPRETATION Plasma pTau181, pTau231 and [18F]MK6240 seem to reflect different stages of tau progression. Plasma biomarkers can be useful in the context of diagnostic information and clinical trials, to evaluate the disease stage. Moreover, they seem to confidently evaluate tau-PET positivity. FUNDING Moreover, this study was supported by Weston Brain Institute, Canadian Institute of Health Research and Fonds de Recherche du Québec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Tissot
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter Kunach
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andréa L Benedet
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stijn Servaes
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Firoza Z Lussier
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jenna Stevenson
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nina Margherita Poltronetti
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vanessa Pallen
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gleb Bezgin
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Min Su Kang
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sulantha S Mathotaarachchi
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jaime Fernandez Arias
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - João Pedro Ferrari-Souza
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate program in Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, 6875 La Salle Blvd - FBC room 3149, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Montreal, Canada.
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Hazan J, Alston D, Fox NC, Howard R. Practical application of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative plasma P-tau181 reference data to support diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 34997780 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitively impaired non-AD participants (CI non-AD) and Control participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset that could potentially act as reference data for clinic diagnoses of AD. METHODS Data from 1558 participants (649 AD participants, 445 CI non-AD participants and 464 controls) were examined, comparing p-tau181 levels between Controls, AD and other dementias, stratified by age. RESULTS There were significant differences in plasma p-tau181 values between Controls and those with AD at all ages up to 85 years. There were also significant differences between AD and CI non-AD participants up to the age of 85 years. CONCLUSIONS Plasma P-tau181 may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of AD in those clinical settings where biomarkers have traditionally been less used. P-tau181 may be less useful as an aid to diagnosis in the very oldest-old. Further work is needed to establish the feasibility and utility of this biomarker within dementia diagnosis services not led by Neurologists, such as UK National Health Service Memory Services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Hazan
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Duncan Alston
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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422
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Valverde A, Gordón Pidal JM, Montero-Calle A, Arévalo B, Serafín V, Calero M, Moreno-Guzmán M, López MÁ, Escarpa A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Barderas R, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. Paving the way for reliable Alzheimer's disease blood diagnosis by quadruple electrochemical immunosensing. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Valverde
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Analytical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - José M. Gordón Pidal
- Universidad de Alcala Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering SPAIN
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC SPAIN
| | - Beatriz Arévalo
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Analytical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Verónica Serafín
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Analytical Chemistry SPAIN
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel López
- Universidad de Alcala Analytical Chemsitry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering SPAIN
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Universidad de Alcala Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering SPAIN
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Analytical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC SPAIN
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Analytical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - José Manuel Pingarrón
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Química Analítica Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid SPAIN
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Barisano G, Montagne A, Kisler K, Schneider JA, Wardlaw JM, Zlokovic BV. Blood-brain barrier link to human cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:108-115. [PMID: 35450117 PMCID: PMC9017393 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-021-00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is frequently seen in disorders associated with cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent advances in neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers suggest that vascular dysfunction is not an innocent bystander only accompanying neuronal dysfunction. Loss of cerebrovascular integrity, often referred to as breakdown in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), has recently shown to be an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction and possibly underlying mechanism of age-related cognitive decline. Damage to the BBB may initiate or further invoke a range of tissue injuries causing synaptic and neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment that may contribute to AD. Therefore, better understanding of how vascular dysfunction caused by BBB breakdown interacts with amyloid-β and tau AD biomarkers to confer cognitive impairment may lead to new ways of thinking about pathogenesis, and possibly treatment and prevention of early cognitive impairment, dementia and AD, for which we still do not have effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Barisano
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Giuseppe Barisano and Axel Montagne
| | - Axel Montagne
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Giuseppe Barisano and Axel Montagne
| | - Kassandra Kisler
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mahaman YAR, Embaye KS, Huang F, Li L, Zhu F, Wang JZ, Liu R, Feng J, Wang X. Biomarkers used in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101544. [PMID: 34933129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), being the number one in terms of dementia burden, is an insidious age-related neurodegenerative disease and is presently considered a global public health threat. Its main histological hallmarks are the Aβ senile plaques and the P-tau neurofibrillary tangles, while clinically it is marked by a progressive cognitive decline that reflects the underlying synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Many of the drug therapies targeting the two pathological hallmarks namely Aβ and P-tau have been proven futile. This is probably attributed to the initiation of therapy at a stage where cognitive alterations are already obvious. In other words, the underlying neuropathological changes are at a stage where these drugs lack any therapeutic value in reversing the damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to start treatment in the very early stage where these changes can be reversed, and hence, early diagnosis is of primordial importance. To this aim, the use of robust and informative biomarkers that could provide accurate diagnosis preferably at an earlier phase of the disease is of the essence. To date, several biomarkers have been established that, to a different extent, allow researchers and clinicians to evaluate, diagnose, and more specially exclude other related pathologies. In this study, we extensively reviewed data on the currently explored biomarkers in terms of AD pathology-specific and non-specific biomarkers and highlighted the recent developments in the diagnostic and theragnostic domains. In the end, we have presented a separate elaboration on aspects of future perspectives and concluding remarks.
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425
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Meng X, Li M, Cao W, Yang J, Xu X, Liu W, Li W, Cai Q, Wang S, Ma G, Liu Z, Huang G. A novel DPP-4 inhibitor Gramcyclin A attenuates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic mice via enhancing brain GLP-1-dependent glucose uptake. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1297-1309. [PMID: 35088915 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) signaling with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor might exert protective effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that intragastric administration of Gramcyclin A (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, for 3 months significantly reversed cognitive decline in APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic mice in a dose-dependent manner. Gramcyclin A treatment markedly reduced Aβ plaques as well as the insoluble and soluble forms of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Treatment with Gramcyclin A remarkedly decreased the level of microglia and suppressed neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Moreover, Gramcyclin A treatment could increase brain glucose uptake in APP/PS1/tau mice, as detected by 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET) imaging. Furthermore, Gramcyclin A significantly increased expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GLP-1R, proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and inhibited insulin receptor (IRS)-1 phosphorylation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Collectively, Gramcyclin A conferred protective effects against AD via enhancing brain GLP-1-dependent glucose uptake. The DPP-4 inhibitor Gramcyclin A might be a potential therapeutic drug for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junshan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Meyer PF, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Strikwerda-Brown C, Köbe T, Gonneaud J, Pichet Binette A, Ozlen H, Yakoub Y, Simrén J, Pannee J, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Labonté A, Baker SL, Schöll M, Vanmechelen E, Breitner JCS, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Poirier J, Villeneuve S. Plasma p-tau231, p-tau181, PET biomarkers and cognitive change in older adults. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:548-560. [PMID: 35084051 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate novel plasma p-tau231, p-tau181 as well as Aβ40 and Aβ42 assays as indicators of tau and Aβ pathologies measured with positron emission tomography (PET), and their association with cognitive change, in cognitively unimpaired older adults. METHODS In a cohort of 244 older adults at risk of AD owing to a family history of AD dementia, we measured single molecule array (Simoa)-based plasma tau biomarkers (p-tau231, p-tau181), Aβ40 and Aβ42 with immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, and Simoa NfL. A subset of 129 participants underwent amyloid-β (18 F-NAV4694) and tau (18 F-flortaucipir) PET assessments. We investigated plasma biomarker associations with Aβ and tau PET at the global and voxel level and tested plasma biomarker combinations for improved detection of Aβ-PET positivity. We also investigated associations with 8-year cognitive change. RESULTS Plasma p-tau biomarkers correlated with flortaucipir binding in medial temporal, parietal and inferior temporal regions. P-tau231 showed further associations in lateral parietal and occipital cortices. Plasma Aβ42/40 explained more variance in global Aβ-PET binding than Aβ42 alone. P-tau231 also showed strong and widespread associations with cortical Aβ-PET binding. Combining Aβ42/40 with p-tau231 or p-tau181 allowed for good distinction between Aβ-negative and -positive participants (AUC range 0.81-0.86). Individuals with low plasma Aβ42/40 and high p-tau experienced faster cognitive decline. INTERPRETATION Plasma p-tau231 showed more robust associations with PET biomarkers than p-tau181 in pre-symptomatic individuals. The combination of p-tau and Aβ42/40 biomarkers detected early AD pathology and cognitive decline. Such markers could be used as pre-screening tools to reduce the cost of prevention trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Meyer
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Theresa Köbe
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hazal Ozlen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yara Yakoub
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joel Simrén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Josef Pannee
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John C S Breitner
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Centre for Studies on Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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427
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Morozova A, Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Pavlova O, Pavlov K, Soloveva K, Volkova M, Alekseeva P, Andryshchenko A, Kostyuk G, Gurina O, Chekhonin V. Neurobiological Highlights of Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1217. [PMID: 35163141 PMCID: PMC8835608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on several psychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is a major component of the disease, influencing life quality. There are plenty of data proving that cognitive impairment accompanies and even underlies some psychiatric disorders. In addition, sources provide information on the biological background of cognitive problems associated with mental illness. This scientific review aims to summarize the current knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia, depression, mild cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease).The review provides data about the prevalence of cognitive impairment in people with mental illness and associated biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Olga Pavlova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Kristina Soloveva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Maria Volkova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Alisa Andryshchenko
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgiy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (O.A.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (O.P.); (K.P.); (O.G.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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428
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Application of QPLEXTM biomarkers in cognitively normal individuals across a broad age range and diverse regions with cerebral amyloid deposition. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:61-71. [PMID: 35058557 PMCID: PMC8814000 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain precedes the onset of symptoms such as cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, the early detection of Aβ accumulation is crucial. We previously reported the applicability of the QPLEXTM Alz plus assay kit for the prescreening of Aβ accumulation. Here, we tested the specific application of the kit in a large cohort of cognitively normal (CN) individuals of varying ages for the early detection of Aβ accumulation. We included a total of 221 CN participants with or without brain Aβ. The QPLEXTM biomarkers were characterized based on age groups (1st–3rd tertile) and across various brain regions with cerebral amyloid deposition. The 3rd tertile group (>65 years) was found to be the most suitable age group for the application of our assay kit. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC, discrimination power) was 0.878 with 69.7% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity in the 3rd tertile group. Additionally, specific correlations between biomarkers and cerebral amyloid deposition in four different brain regions revealed an overall correlation with general amyloid deposition, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, the combinational panel with plasma Aβ1–42 levels maximized the discrimination efficiency and achieved an AUC of 0.921 with 95.7% sensitivity and 67.3% specificity. Thus, we suggest that the QPLEXTM Alz plus assay is useful for prescreening brain Aβ levels in CN individuals, especially those aged >65 years, to prevent disease progression via the early detection of disease initiation. A novel assay kit called QPLEXTM Alz plus assay offers a convenient method for assessing brain levels of the beta-amyloid proteins implicated in Alzheimer’s disease in people with normal cognitive abilities, especially those aged over 65. South Korean researchers led by Inhee Mook-Jung at Seoul National University assessed the efficacy of blood tests using the QPLEXTM kit on 221 participants in the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (KBASE). The researchers developed the assay to identify several circulating biomarkers of brain beta-amyloid accumulation. They found the test can distinguish between people known to either have or not have beta-amyloid deposits in their brain. This suggests QPLEXTM Alz plus assay could offer an improved procedure for easy and early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s, increasing the opportunities for effective early treatment.
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429
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Ogonowski N, Salcidua S, Leon T, Chamorro-Veloso N, Valls C, Avalos C, Bisquertt A, Rentería ME, Orellana P, Duran-Aniotz C. Systematic Review: microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:807764. [PMID: 35095478 PMCID: PMC8790149 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.807764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is estimated at >10% per year, reaching up to 80-90% after 6 years. MCI is considered an indicator of early-stage AD. In this context, the diagnostic screening of MCI is crucial for detecting individuals at high risk of AD before they progress and manifest further severe symptoms. Typically, MCI has been determined using neuropsychological assessment tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) or Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Unfortunately, other diagnostic methods are not available or are unable to identify MCI in its early stages. Therefore, identifying new biomarkers for MCI diagnosis and prognosis is a significant challenge. In this framework, miRNAs in serum, plasma, and other body fluids have emerged as a promising source of biomarkers for MCI and AD-related cognitive impairments. Interestingly, miRNAs can regulate several signaling pathways via multiple and diverse targets in response to pathophysiological stimuli. This systematic review aims to describe the current state of the art regarding AD-related target genes modulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral fluids samples in MCI subjects to identify potential miRNA biomarkers in the early stages of AD. We found 30 articles that described five miRNA expression profiles from peripheral fluid in MCI subjects, showing possible candidates for miRNA biomarkers that may be followed up as fluid biomarkers or therapeutic targets of early-stage AD. However, additional research is needed to validate these miRNAs and characterize the precise neuropathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ogonowski
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stefanny Salcidua
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas Leon
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Clinic (CMYN) Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Constanza Avalos
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Miguel E. Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paulina Orellana
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
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430
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Leuzy A, Mattsson‐Carlgren N, Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Dage JL, Hansson O. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14408. [PMID: 34859598 PMCID: PMC8749476 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent a mounting public health challenge. As these diseases are difficult to diagnose clinically, biomarkers of underlying pathophysiology are playing an ever-increasing role in research, clinical trials, and in the clinical work-up of patients. Though cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET)-based measures are available, their use is not widespread due to limitations, including high costs and perceived invasiveness. As a result of rapid advances in the development of ultra-sensitive assays, the levels of pathological brain- and AD-related proteins can now be measured in blood, with recent work showing promising results. Plasma P-tau appears to be the best candidate marker during symptomatic AD (i.e., prodromal AD and AD dementia) and preclinical AD when combined with Aβ42/Aβ40. Though not AD-specific, blood NfL appears promising for the detection of neurodegeneration and could potentially be used to detect the effects of disease-modifying therapies. This review provides an overview of the progress achieved thus far using AD blood-based biomarkers, highlighting key areas of application and unmet challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leuzy
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson‐Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of NeurologySkåne University HospitalLundSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Memory ClinicSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Jeffrey L Dage
- Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Memory ClinicSkåne University HospitalLundSweden
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431
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Zhu Y, Pan D, He L, Rong X, Li H, Li Y, Pi Y, Xu Y, Tang Y. China Registry Study on Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: Protocol of a Prospective Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:797704. [PMID: 35002683 PMCID: PMC8733254 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.797704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To develop appropriate strategies for early diagnosis and intervention of cognitive impairment, the identification of minimally invasive and cost-effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment is crucial and desirable. Therefore, the CHina registry study on cOgnitive imPairment in the Elderly (HOPE) study is designed to investigate the natural course of cognitive decline and explore the clinical, imaging, and biochemical markers for the detection and diagnosis of cognitive impairment on its earliest stage. Methods: Approximately 5,000 Chinese elderly aged more than 50 years were recruited from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China by the year 2024. All subjects were invited to complete the clinical assessment, neuropsychological assessment, the biological samples collection (blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, and optional amyloid and tau PET. The follow-up survey was conducted every 1 year to repeat these assessments for 20 years. To better clarify the relationship between potential risk factors and endpoint events [changes in cognitive score or incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or dementia], appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the data, including but not limited to, such as linear mixed-effect model, competing risk model, or the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model. Significance: The CHina registry study on cOgnitive imPairment in the Elderly study is designed to explore the longitudinal changes in characteristics of participants with cognitive decline and to identify potential plasma and imaging biomarkers with cost-benefit and scalability advantages. The results will enable broader clinical access and efficient population screening and then improve the development of treatment and the quality of life for cognitive impairment at the early stage. Trial registration number: NCT04360200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Clinical Research Design Division, Clinical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxuan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongteng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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432
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Creese B, Ismail Z. Mild behavioral impairment: measurement and clinical correlates of a novel marker of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:2. [PMID: 34986891 PMCID: PMC8734161 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life onset neuropsychiatric symptoms are established risk factors for dementia. The mild behavioral impairment (MBI) diagnostic framework was designed to standardize assessment to determine dementia risk better. In this Mini Review, we summarize the emerging clinical and biomarker evidence, which suggests that for some, MBI is a marker of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. MAIN: MBI is generally more common in those with greater cognitive impairment. In community and clinical samples, frequency is around 10-15%. Mounting evidence in cognitively normal samples links MBI symptoms with known AD biomarkers for amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration, as well as AD risk genes. Clinical studies have found detectable differences in cognition associated with MBI in cognitively unimpaired people. CONCLUSION The emerging evidence from biomarker and clinical studies suggests MBI can be an early manifestation of underlying neurodegenerative disease. Future research must now further validate MBI to improve identification of those at the very earliest stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Creese
- Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, Community Health Sciences, and Pathology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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433
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Klafki HW, Wirths O, Mollenhauer B, Liepold T, Rieper P, Esselmann H, Vogelgsang J, Wiltfang J, Jahn O. Detection and quantification of Aβ-3-40 (APP669-711) in cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurochem 2022; 160:578-589. [PMID: 34984682 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurochemical biomarkers can support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and may facilitate clinical trials. In blood plasma, the ratio of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides Aβ-3-40/Aβ1-42 can predict cerebral amyloid-β pathology with high accuracy (Nakamura et al., 2018). Whether or not Aβ-3-40 (aka. amyloid precursor protein (APP) 669-711) is also present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is not clear. Here, we investigated whether Aβ-3-40 can be detected in CSF and to what extent the CSF Aβ-3-40/Aβ42 ratio is able to differentiate between individuals with or without amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) evidence of brain amyloid. The occurrence of Aβ-3-40 in human CSF was assessed by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. For quantifying the CSF concentrations of Aβ-3-40 in 23 amyloid PET-negative and 17 amyloid PET-positive subjects, we applied a sandwich-type immunoassay. Our findings provide clear evidence of the presence of Aβ-3-40 and Aβ-3-38 in human CSF. While there was no statistically significant difference in the CSF concentration of Aβ-3-40 between the two diagnostic groups, the CSF Aβ-3-40/Aβ42 ratio was increased in the amyloid PET-positive individuals. We conclude that Aβ-3-40 appears to be a regular constituent of CSF and may potentially serve to accentuate the selective decrease in CSF Aβ42 in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Thomas Liepold
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Proteomics Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Petra Rieper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Esselmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Proteomics Group, Goettingen, Germany
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434
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Fowler CJ, Stoops E, Rainey‐Smith SR, Vanmechelen E, Vanbrabant J, Dewit N, Mauroo K, Maruff P, Rowe CC, Fripp J, Li Q, Bourgeat P, Collins SJ, Martins RN, Masters CL, Doecke JD. Plasma p‐tau181/Aβ
1‐42
ratio predicts Aβ‐PET status and correlates with CSF‐p‐tau181/Aβ
1‐42
and future cognitive decline. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2022; 14:e12375. [DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie R. Rainey‐Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care Edith Cowan University Joondalup Western Australia Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher C. Rowe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Austin Health, Molecular Imaging Research and The Florey Department of Neuroscience University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- Australian E‐Health Research Centre CSIRO Herston Queensland Australia
| | - Qiao‐Xin Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Australian E‐Health Research Centre CSIRO Herston Queensland Australia
| | - Steven J. Collins
- Department of Medicine (RMH) The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care Edith Cowan University Joondalup Western Australia Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian E‐Health Research Centre CSIRO Herston Queensland Australia
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435
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Achard V, Ceyzériat K, Tournier BB, Frisoni GB, Garibotto V, Zilli T. Biomarkers to Evaluate Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration: Old Drugs, New Concerns. Front Oncol 2022; 11:734881. [PMID: 34970480 PMCID: PMC8712866 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment for prostate cancer patients, routinely used in the palliative or in the curative setting in association with radiotherapy. Among the systemic long-term side effects of ADT, growing data suggest a potentially increased risk of dementia/Alzheimer’s disease in prostate cancer patients treated with hormonal manipulation. While pre-clinical data suggest that androgen ablation may have neurotoxic effects due to Aβ accumulation and increased tau phosphorylation in small animal brains, clinical studies have measured the impact of ADT on long-term cognitive function, with conflicting results, and studies on biological changes after ADT are still lacking. The aim of this review is to report on the current evidence on the association between the ADT use and the risk of cognitive impairment in prostate cancer patients. We will focus on the contribution of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, namely through imaging, to investigate potential ADT-induced brain modifications. The evidence from these preliminary studies shows brain changes in gray matter volume, cortical activation and metabolism associated with ADT, however with a large variability in biomarker selection, ADT duration and cognitive outcome. Importantly, no study investigated yet biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, namely amyloid and tau. These preliminary data emphasize the need for larger targeted investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vérane Achard
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University and University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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436
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Neal J, Hutchings PB, Phelps C, Williams D. Football and Dementia: Understanding the Link. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:849876. [PMID: 35693952 PMCID: PMC9184440 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.849876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Football, also known as soccer or association football, is popular but has a potential link with dementia developing in retired players. The FA and soccer regulators in the USA have imposed guidelines limiting players exposure to heading, despite controversy whether this dementia is caused by heading the ball, a form of mild repetitive head injury (RHI), over many years. Substantial data exist showing that many ex-North American Football players develop a specific neurodegenerative disease: chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), the neuropathological disorder of boxers. In the United Kingdom evidence for the neuropathological basis of footballers' dementia has been slow to emerge. A 2017 study revealed that in six ex-soccer players four had CTE with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two had AD. A 2019 study showed that ex-footballers were 3.5 times more likely to die from dementia or other neuro-degenerative diseases than matched controls. We argue that in childhood and adolescence the brain is vulnerable to heading, predicated on its disproportionate size and developmental immaturity. RHI in young individuals is associated with early neuroinflammation, a potential trigger for promoting neurodegeneration in later life. Evidence is available to support the guidelines limiting heading for players of all ages, while professional and non-players should be included in prospective studies to investigate the link between soccer and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Neal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Paul B Hutchings
- Centre for Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Education and Humanities, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Phelps
- Centre for Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Education and Humanities, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Swansea, United Kingdom
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437
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Tsiknia AA, Edland SD, Sundermann EE, Reas ET, Brewer JB, Galasko D, Banks SJ. Sex differences in plasma p-tau181 associations with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, cognitive decline, and clinical progression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4314-4322. [PMID: 35768637 PMCID: PMC9718670 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that women on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum have more pathological tau in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), than men. Some studies have found that higher levels of tau biomarkers are more strongly associated with clinical AD, cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in women than in men. Despite major developments in the use of plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) as an AD biomarker, it is unknown whether these sex differences apply to plasma p-tau181. In 1060 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants (47% women, 73.8 ± 7.6 years old), we examined sex differences in plasma p-tau181 levels and their association with other biomarkers, cognitive decline and incident AD. Linear regressions tested for an effect of sex on plasma p-tau181 levels and for plasma p-tau181 × sex interactions on CSF p-tau181, as well as entorhinal cortex tau, cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and brain glucose metabolism, quantified using PET imaging. Linear mixed effects models tested for a sex × baseline plasma p-tau181 interaction on change in cognition over time. Finally, Cox models tested for a sex × plasma p-tau181 interaction on the risk of AD dementia in participants who were free of dementia at baseline. Despite similar plasma p-tau181 levels between sexes, women had lower brain glucose metabolism, greater brain Aβ and entorhinal cortex tau deposition, higher CSF p-tau181 and faster cognitive decline in relation to higher baseline plasma p-tau181 levels compared with men. Among Aβ positive, dementia-free participants, women had higher rates of incident AD dementia associated with increasing baseline plasma p-tau181 levels, relative to men. Our results suggest that sex may impact the clinical interpretation of plasma p-tau181 concentrations. If replicated, these findings could have important implications for the use of plasma p-tau181 as an accessible AD biomarker and screening tool for preventive and therapeutic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis A. Tsiknia
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Steven D. Edland
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Erin E. Sundermann
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
| | - Emilie T. Reas
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - James B. Brewer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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438
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Abstract
With the expected rise in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the coming decades due to the aging population and a lack of effective disease-modifying treatments, there is a need for preventive strategies that may tap into resilience parameters. A wide array of resilience strategies has been proposed including genetics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle modifications, behavioral changes, and management of comorbid disease. These different strategies can be broadly classified as distinguishing between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, some of which can be quantified so that their clinical intervention can be effectively accomplished. A clear shift in research focus from dementia risk to addressing disease resistance and resilience is emerging that has provided new potential therapeutic targets. Here we review and summarize the latest investigations of resilience mechanisms and methods of quantifying resilience for clinical research. These approaches include identifying genetic variants that may help identify novel pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism, cellular trafficking, synaptic function, inflammation) for therapeutic treatments and biomarkers for use in a precision medicine-like regimen. In addition, innovative structural and molecular neuroimaging analyses may assist in detecting and quantifying pathological changes well before the onset of clinical symptoms setting up the possibility of primary and secondary prevention trials. Lastly, we summarize recent studies demonstrating the study of resilience in caregivers of persons living with dementia may have direct and indirect impact on the quality of care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh S. Joshi
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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439
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McGrath ER, Beiser AS, O'Donnell A, Yang Q, Ghosh S, Gonzales MM, Himali JJ, Satizabal CL, Johnson KA, Tracy RP, Seshadri S. Blood Phosphorylated Tau 181 as a Biomarker for Amyloid Burden on Brain PET in Cognitively Healthy Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1517-1526. [PMID: 35491781 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181) is a promising biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may offer utility for predicting preclinical disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prospective association between plasma p-tau181 and amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau-PET deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals. METHODS Plasma p-tau181 levels were measured at baseline in 52 [48% women, mean 64.4 (SD 5.5) years] cognitively unimpaired Framingham Offspring cohort participants using samples stored between 2011-2014 who subsequently underwent 11C-Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB)-PET and/or 18F-Flortaucipir (FTP)-PET scans (n = 18 with tau-PET) a mean of 6.8 (SD 0.6) years later. Our primary outcomes included Aβ-precuneus, Aβ-FLR (frontal, lateral, and retrosplenial cortices) and tau-global composite region PET deposition. Secondary outcomes included individual regional Aβ and tau PET-deposition. P-tau181 was compared with plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in predicting PET outcomes. RESULTS P-tau181 was associated with increased Aβ deposition in the FLR (β±SE, 1.25±0.30, p < 0.0001), precuneus (1.35±0.29, p < 0.001), and other cortical regions. Plasma NFL (1.30±0.49, p = 0.01) and GFAP (1.46±0.39, p < 0.001) were also associated with FLR Aβ deposition. In models including all three biomarkers adjusted for age, sex, APOE E4 allele, AD polygenic risk score and cortical atrophy score, p-tau181 (0.93±0.31, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.18) and GFAP (0.93±0.41, p = 0.03, R2 = 0.11), but not NFL (0.25±0.51, p = 0.62, R2 = 0.01), were associated with FLR-Aβ deposition. Plasma p-tau181 was not associated with tau-PET burden. CONCLUSION In cognitively unimpaired adults, elevated plasma p-tau181 is associated with future increased Aβ deposition across multiple brain regions. Our results highlight the potential utility of p-tau181 as a blood-biomarker to screen for brain-amyloid deposition in cognitively healthy individuals in a community-setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer R McGrath
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne O'Donnell
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saptaparni Ghosh
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitzi M Gonzales
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, the Gordon Center for Medical Imaging and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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440
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Sexton CE, Anstey KJ, Baldacci F, Barnum CJ, Barron AM, Blennow K, Brodaty H, Burnham S, Elahi FM, Götz J, Jeon YH, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Landau SM, Lautenschlager NT, Laws SM, Lipnicki DM, Lu H, Masters CL, Moyle W, Nakamura A, Pasinetti GM, Rao N, Rowe C, Sachdev PS, Schofield PR, Sigurdsson EM, Smith K, Srikanth V, Szoeke C, Tansey MG, Whitmer R, Wilcock D, Wong TY, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Alzheimer's disease research progress in Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Sydney. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:178-190. [PMID: 34058063 PMCID: PMC9396711 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association International Conference held its sixth Satellite Symposium in Sydney, Australia in 2019, highlighting the leadership of Australian researchers in advancing the understanding of and treatment developments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. This leadership includes the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which has fueled the identification and development of many biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Two multimodal lifestyle intervention studies have been launched in Australia; and Australian researchers have played leadership roles in other global studies in diverse populations. Australian researchers have also played an instrumental role in efforts to understand mechanisms underlying vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia; and through the Women's Healthy Aging Project have elucidated hormonal and other factors that contribute to the increased risk of AD in women. Alleviating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia has also been a strong research and clinical focus in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna M. Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Burnham
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fanny M. Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus (Brisbane), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Sciences, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M. Landau
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicola T. Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Darren M. Lipnicki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, Australia
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Biomarker Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISSMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Naren Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Christopher Rowe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Einar M. Sigurdsson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kate Smith
- Centre for Aboriginal Medical and Dental Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Malú G. Tansey
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Normal Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Whitmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Donna Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, Pennsylvania, USA
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441
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Gulmammadli N, Konukoğlu D, Merve Kurtuluş E, Tezen D, Ibrahim Erbay M, Bozluolçay M. Serum Sirtuin-1, HMGB1-TLR4, NF-KB and IL-6 Levels in Alzheimer's: The Relation Between Neuroinflammatory Pathway and Severity of Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:841-848. [PMID: 36573053 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221226140721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the world's aging population, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease requiring markers or tools to accurately and easily diagnose and monitor the process. OBJECTIVE In this study, serum Sirtuin-1(SIRT-1), High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Amyloid βeta-42 (Aβ- 42), and p-tau181 levels in patients diagnosed with AD according to NINCS-ADRA criteria were studied. We investigated the inflammatory pathways that lead to progressive neuronal loss and highlight their possible relationship with dementia severity in the systemic circulation. METHODS Patients over 60 years of age were grouped according to their Standard Mini Mental Test results, MRI, and/or Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography or according to their CT findings as Control n:20; AD n:32; Vascular Dementia (VD) n:17; AD + VD; n = 21. Complete blood count, Glucose, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Enzymes, Urea, Creatinine, Electrolytes, Bilirubin, and Thyroid Function tests were evaluated. ELISA was used for the analysis of serum SIRT1, HMGB1, TLR4, NF-kB, IL-6, Aβ-42, and p-tau181 levels. RESULTS Levels of serum Aβ-42, SIRT1, HMGB1, and IL-6 were significantly higher (p< 0.001, p< 0.01, p< 0.001, and p< 0.001, respectively), and TLR4 levels were significantly lower (p< 0.001) in the dementia group than in the control group. No significant difference was observed between dementia and control groups for serum NF-kB and p-tau181 levels. CONCLUSION Our results show that the levels of the Aβ42, SIRT 1, HMGB1, and TLR4 pathways are altered in AD and VD. SIRT 1 activity plays an important role in the inflammatory pathway of dementia development, particularly in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrin Gulmammadli
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Merve Kurtuluş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Tezen
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ibrahim Erbay
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Melda Bozluolçay
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
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442
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Leuzy A, Smith R, Cullen NC, Strandberg O, Vogel JW, Binette AP, Borroni E, Janelidze S, Ohlsson T, Jögi J, Ossenkoppele R, Palmqvist S, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Klein G, Stomrud E, Hansson O. Biomarker-Based Prediction of Longitudinal Tau Positron Emission Tomography in Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 79:149-158. [PMID: 34928318 PMCID: PMC8689441 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Question Which biomarkers best predict longitudinal tau accumulation at different clinical stages of Alzheimer disease? Findings In this cohort study of 343 participants including amyloid-β–positive individuals who were cognitively unimpaired or had mild cognitive impairment, the largest annual increase in [18F]RO948 tau positron emission tomography (PET) was seen across the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala and in temporal cortical regions, respectively. In a power analysis, plasma phosphorylated tau217 with tau PET at baseline in stage I and II, respectively, resulted in sample size reductions. Meaning In trials using tau PET as a main outcome, plasma phosphorylated tau217 with tau PET may prove optimal for enrichment in both preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer disease. Importance There is currently no consensus as to which biomarkers best predict longitudinal tau accumulation at different clinical stages of Alzheimer disease (AD). Objective To describe longitudinal [18F]RO948 tau positron emission tomography (PET) findings across the clinical continuum of AD and determine which biomarker combinations showed the strongest associations with longitudinal tau PET and best optimized clinical trial enrichment. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal cohort study consecutively enrolled amyloid-β (Aβ)–negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, Aβ-positive CU individuals, Aβ-positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and individuals with AD dementia between September 2017 and November 2020 from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 (discovery cohort) and BioFINDER-1 (validation cohort) studies. Exposures Baseline plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42/Aβ40, tau phosphorylated at threonine-217 (p-tau217), p-tau181 and neurofilament light, magnetic resonance imaging, amyloid PET ([18F]flutemetamol), and tau PET ([18F]RO948 in the BioFINDER-2 study; [18F]flortaucipir in the BioFINDER-1 study). Main Outcomes and Measures Baseline tau PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and annual percent change in tau PET SUVR across regions of interest derived using a data-driven approach combining clustering and event-based modeling. Regression models were used to examine associations between individual biomarkers and longitudinal tau PET and to identify which combinations best predicted longitudinal tau PET. These combinations were then entered in a power analysis to examine how their use as an enrichment strategy would affect sample size in a simulated clinical trial. Results Of 343 participants, the mean (SD) age was 72.56 (7.24) years, and 157 (51.1%) were female. The clustering/event-based modeling–based approach identified 5 regions of interest (stages). In Aβ-positive CU individuals, the largest annual increase in tau PET SUVR was seen in stage I (entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala; 4.04% [95% CI, 2.67%-5.32%]). In Aβ-positive individuals with MCI and with AD dementia, the greatest increases were seen in stages II (temporal cortical regions; 4.45% [95% CI, 3.41%-5.49%]) and IV (certain frontal regions; 5.22% [95% CI, 3.95%-6.49%]), respectively. In Aβ-negative CU individuals and those with MCI, modest change was seen in stage I (1.38% [95% CI, 0.78%-1.99%] and 1.80% [95% CI, 0.76%-2.84%], respectively). When looking at individual predictors and longitudinal tau PET in the stages that showed most change, plasma p-tau217 (R2 = 0.27, P < .005), tau PET (stage I baseline SUVR; R2 = 0.13, P < .05) and amyloid PET (R2 = 0.10, P < .05) were significantly associated with longitudinal tau PET in stage I in Aβ-positive CU individuals. In Aβ-positive individuals with MCI, plasma p-tau217 (R2 = 0.24, P < .005) and tau PET (stage II baseline SUVR; R2 = 0.44, P < .001) were significantly associated with longitudinal tau PET in stage II. Findings were replicated in BioFINDER-1 using longitudinal [18F]flortaucipir. For the power analysis component, plasma p-tau217 with tau PET resulted in sample size reductions of 43% (95% CI, 34%-46%; P < .005) in Aβ-positive CU individuals and of 68% (95% CI, 61%-73%; P < .001) in Aβ-positive individuals with MCI. Conclusions and Relevance In trials using tau PET as the outcome, plasma p-tau217 with tau PET may prove optimal for enrichment in preclinical and prodromal AD. However, plasma p-tau217 was most important in preclinical AD, while tau PET was more important in prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leuzy
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Jögi
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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443
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Gao Z, Zhang R, Jiang L, Zhou H, Wang Q, Ma Y, Zhang D, Qin Y, Tian P, Zhang N, Shi Z, Xu S. Administration of miR-195 Inhibitor Enhances Memory Function Through Improving Synaptic Degradation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of the Hippocampal Neurons in SAMP8 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1495-1509. [PMID: 34924391 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and miR-195 is involved in mitochondrial disorder through targeting MFN-2 protein in hippocampal neurons of AD. OBJECTIVE To clarify if administration of miR-195 inhibitor could enhance the memory deficits through improving hippocampal neuron mitochondrial dysfunction in SAMP8 mice. METHODS The expression of miR-195 was detected by RT-qPCR in primary hippocampal neurons and HT-22 cells treated with Aβ 1-42. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess the learning and memory function in SAMP8 mice administrated with antagomir-195. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the morphological changes of synapses and mitochondria of hippocampus in SAMP8 mice. Mitochondrial respiration was measured using a high-resolution oxygraph. RESULTS The expression of miR-195 were upregulated in the primary hippocampal neurons and HT-22 cells induced by Aβ 1-42. Inhibition of miR-195 ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction in HT-22 cells induced by Aβ 1-42, including mitochondrial morphologic damages, mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration function, and ATP production. Administration of antagomir-195 by the third ventricle injection markedly ameliorated the cognitive function, postsynaptic density thickness, length of synaptic active area, mitochondrial aspect ratio, and area in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. Finally, antagomir-195 was able to promote an increase in the activity of respiratory chain complex CI and II in SAMP8 mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that miR-195 inhibitor ameliorated the cognitive impairment of AD mice by improving mitochondrial structure damages and dysfunction in the hippocampal neurons, which provide an experimental basis for further exploring the treatment strategy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Gao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yingxin Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Pei Tian
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Shi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Shunjiang Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
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444
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Salami A, Adolfsson R, Andersson M, Blennow K, Lundquist A, Adolfsson AN, Schöll M, Zetterberg H, Nyberg L. Association of APOE ɛ4 and Plasma p-tau181 with Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease and Longitudinal Change in Hippocampus Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1309-1320. [PMID: 34924376 PMCID: PMC8925119 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele has been linked to increased tau phosphorylation and tangle formation. APOE ɛ4 carriers with elevated tau might be at the higher risk for AD progression. Previous studies showed that tau pathology begins early in areas of the medial temporal lobe. Similarly, APOE ɛ4 carriers showed altered hippocampal functional integrity. However, it remains unknown whether elevated tau accumulation on hippocampal functional changes would be more pronounced for APOE ɛ4 carriers. Objective: We related ɛ4 carriage to levels of plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau181) up to 15 years prior to AD onset. Furthermore, elevated p-tau181 was explored in relation to longitudinal changes in hippocampal function and connectivity. Methods: Longitudinal population-based study. Plasma p-tau181 was analyzed in 142 clinically defined Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases and 126 controls. The longitudinal analysis involved 87 non-demented individuals with two waves of plasma samples and three waves of functional magnetic resonance imaging during rest and memory encoding. Results: Increased p-tau181 was observed for both ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers close to AD, but exclusively for ɛ4 carriers in the early preclinical groups (7- and 13-years pre-AD). In ɛ4 carriers, longitudinal p-tau181 increase was paralleled by elevated local hippocampal connectivity at rest and subsequent reduction of hippocampus encoding-related activity. Conclusion: Our findings support an association of APOE ɛ4 and p-tau181 with preclinical AD and hippocampus functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salami
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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445
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Huang H, Li M, Zhang M, Qiu J, Cheng H, Mou X, Chen Q, Li T, Peng J, Li B. Sleep Quality Improvement Enhances Neuropsychological Recovery and Reduces Blood Aβ 42/40 Ratio in Patients with Mild-Moderate Cognitive Impairment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1366. [PMID: 34946311 PMCID: PMC8704453 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain degeneration and is associated with a high prevalence of sleep disorders. Amyloid β peptide-42/40 (Aβ42/40) and Tau-pT181 are the core biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Accumulated data from studies in mouse models and humans demonstrated an aberrant elevation of these biomarkers due to sleep disturbance, especially sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). However, it is not clear if sleep quality improvement reduces the blood levels of Ab42/40 ratio and Tau-pT181 in Alzheimer's disease patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a longitudinal analysis was conducted on 64 patients with mild-moderate cognition impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease accompanied by SDB. Another 33 MCI cases without sleep-disordered breathing were included as the control group. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score system. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), 24-h Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-24), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scoring systems. Aβ42, Aβ40, and Tau-pT181 protein levels in blood specimens were measured using ELISA assays. All patients received donepezil treatment for Alzheimer's disease. SDB was managed with continuous pressure ventilation. Results: A significant correlation was found among PSQI, HRSD-24, HAMA, Aβ42/40 ratio, and Tau-pT181 level in all cases. In addition, a very strong and negative correlation was discovered between education level and dementia onset age. Compared to patients without SDB (33 non-SD cases), patients with SDB (64 SD cases) showed a significantly lower HRSD-24 score and a higher Aβ42/40 ratio Tau-pT181 level. Sleep treatment for patients with SDB significantly improved all neuropsychological scores, Aβ42/40 ratio, and Tau-pT181 levels. However, 11 patients did not completely recover from a sleep disorder (PSQI > 5 post-treatment). In this subgroup of patients, although HAMA score and Tau-pT181 levels were significantly reduced, MoCA and HRSD-24 scores, as well as Aβ42/40 ratio, were not significantly improved. ROC analysis found that the blood Aβ42/40 ratio held the highest significance in predicting sleep disorder occurrence. Conclusions: This is the first clinical study on sleep quality improvement in Alzheimer's disease patients. Sleep quality score was associated with patient depression and anxiety scores, as well as Aβ42/40 ratio and Tau-pT181 levels. A complete recovery is critical for fully improving all neuropsychological assessments, Aβ42/40 ratio, and Tau-pT181 levels. Blood Aβ42/40 ratio is a feasible prognostic factor for predicting sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Qianjiang 433121, China; (M.L.); (X.M.); (Q.C.)
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment, Wuhan 434300, China
| | - Mingqiu Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Qianjiang 433121, China; (M.L.); (X.M.); (Q.C.)
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment, Wuhan 434300, China
| | - Menglin Zhang
- Health Science Center, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Jingzhou 434023, China;
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Qianjiang 433121, China;
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Division of Research & Education Administration, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Qianjiang 433121, China;
| | - Xin Mou
- Department of Geriatrics, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Qianjiang 433121, China; (M.L.); (X.M.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qinghong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Qianjiang 433121, China; (M.L.); (X.M.); (Q.C.)
| | - Tina Li
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Nursing, Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, The Yangtze University School of Medicine, Qianjiang 433121, China;
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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446
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Lantero‐Rodriguez J, Snellman A, Benedet AL, Milà‐Alomà M, Camporesi E, Montoliu‐Gaya L, Ashton NJ, Vrillon A, Karikari TK, Gispert JD, Salvadó G, Shekari M, Toomey CE, Lashley TL, Zetterberg H, Suárez‐Calvet M, Brinkmalm G, Rosa Neto P, Blennow K. P-tau235: a novel biomarker for staging preclinical Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e15098. [PMID: 34725927 PMCID: PMC8649868 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by a long preclinical phase. Although phosphorylated tau (p-tau) species such as p-tau217 and p-tau231 provide accurate detection of early pathological changes, other biomarkers capable of staging disease progression during preclinical AD are still needed. Combining exploratory and targeted mass spectrometry methods in neuropathologically confirmed brain tissue, we observed that p-tau235 is a prominent feature of AD pathology. In addition, p-tau235 seemed to be preceded by p-tau231, in what appeared to be a sequential phosphorylation event. To exploit its biomarker potential in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we developed and validated a new p-tau235 Simoa assay. Using three clinical cohorts, we demonstrated that (i) CSF p-235 increases early in AD continuum, and (ii) changes in CSF p-tau235 and p-tau231 levels during preclinical AD are consistent with the sequential phosphorylation evidence in AD brain. In conclusion, CSF p-tau235 appears to be not only a highly specific biomarker of AD but also a promising staging biomarker for the preclinical phase. Thus, it could prove useful tracking disease progression and help enriching clinical trial recruitment.
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447
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Benussi A, Alberici A, Samra K, Russell LL, Greaves CV, Bocchetta M, Ducharme S, Finger E, Fumagalli G, Galimberti D, Jiskoot LC, Le Ber I, Masellis M, Nacmias B, Rowe JB, Sanchez-Valle R, Seelaar H, Synofzik M, Rohrer JD, Borroni B. Conceptual framework for the definition of preclinical and prodromal frontotemporal dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1408-1423. [PMID: 34874596 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presymptomatic stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are still poorly defined and encompass a long accrual of progressive biological (preclinical) and then clinical (prodromal) changes, antedating the onset of dementia. The heterogeneity of clinical presentations and the different neuropathological phenotypes have prevented a prior clear description of either preclinical or prodromal FTD. Recent advances in therapeutic approaches, at least in monogenic disease, demand a proper definition of these predementia stages. It has become clear that a consensus lexicon is needed to comprehensively describe the stages that anticipate dementia. The goal of the present work is to review existing literature on the preclinical and prodromal phases of FTD, providing recommendations to address the unmet questions, therefore laying out a strategy for operationalizing and better characterizing these presymptomatic disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Kiran Samra
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lucy L Russell
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Caroline V Greaves
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giorgio Fumagalli
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lize C Jiskoot
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR, Paris, France.,Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Paris, France
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, and IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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448
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Bayoumy S, Verberk IMW, den Dulk B, Hussainali Z, Zwan M, van der Flier WM, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Vanbrabant J, Stoops E, Vanmechelen E, Dage JL, Teunissen CE. Clinical and analytical comparison of six Simoa assays for plasma P-tau isoforms P-tau181, P-tau217, and P-tau231. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:198. [PMID: 34863295 PMCID: PMC8645090 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies using different assays and technologies showed highly promising diagnostic value of plasma phosphorylated (P-)tau levels for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to compare six P-tau Simoa assays, including three P-tau181 (Eli Lilly, ADx, Quanterix), one P-tau217 (Eli Lilly), and two P-tau231 (ADx, Gothenburg). METHODS We studied the analytical (sensitivity, precision, parallelism, dilution linearity, and recovery) and clinical (40 AD dementia patients, age 66±8years, 50%F; 40 age- and sex-matched controls) performance of the assays. RESULTS All assays showed robust analytical performance, and particularly P-tau217 Eli Lilly; P-tau231 Gothenburg and all P-tau181 assays showed robust clinical performance to differentiate AD from controls, with AUCs 0.936-0.995 (P-tau231 ADx: AUC = 0.719). Results obtained with all P-tau181 assays, P-tau217 Eli Lilly assay, and P-tau231 Gothenburg assay strongly correlated (Spearman's rho > 0.86), while correlations with P-tau231 ADx results were moderate (rho < 0.65). DISCUSSION P-tau isoforms can be measured robustly by several novel high-sensitive Simoa assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Bayoumy
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ben den Dulk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Zulaiga Hussainali
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Marissa Zwan
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Stoops
- ADx NeuroSciences NV, Technologiepark 94, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Jeffrey L Dage
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.,Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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449
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MicroRNA-Target Interaction Regulatory Network in Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121275. [PMID: 34945753 PMCID: PMC8708198 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia; however, early diagnosis of the disease is challenging. Research suggests that biomarkers found in blood, such as microRNAs (miRNA), may be promising for AD diagnostics. Experimental data on miRNA–target interactions (MTI) associated with AD are scattered across databases and publications, thus making the identification of promising miRNA biomarkers for AD difficult. In response to this, a list of experimentally validated AD-associated MTIs was obtained from miRTarBase. Cytoscape was used to create a visual MTI network. STRING software was used for protein–protein interaction analysis and mirPath was used for pathway enrichment analysis. Several targets regulated by multiple miRNAs were identified, including: BACE1, APP, NCSTN, SP1, SIRT1, and PTEN. The miRNA with the highest numbers of interactions in the network were: miR-9, miR-16, miR-34a, miR-106a, miR-107, miR-125b, miR-146, and miR-181c. The analysis revealed seven subnetworks, representing disease modules which have a potential for further biomarker development. The obtained MTI network is not yet complete, and additional studies are needed for the comprehensive understanding of the AD-associated miRNA targetome.
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450
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Rauchmann BS, Schneider-Axmann T, Perneczky R. Associations of longitudinal plasma p-tau181 and NfL with tau-PET, Aβ-PET and cognition. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:1289-1295. [PMID: 34187867 PMCID: PMC8606440 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore if changes over time of plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 and neurofilament light chain (NfL) predict future tau and amyloid β (Aβ) PET load and cognitive performance, we studied a subsample of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuroimaging cohort with longitudinal blood peptide assessments. METHODS Eight hundred and sixty-five AD Neuroimaging Initiative participants were included. Using established AD cut-points for the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Aβ42, total-tau and p-tau181, subjects were classified according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association research framework, grouping markers into those of Aβ deposition (A), tau pathology (T) and neurodegeneration (N). Analysis of variance was used to compare the plasma biomarker data between the ATN groups. The rate of change over time of p-tau181 and NfL was obtained from linear mixed effects models and compared between the ATN groups. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association of baseline plasma biomarker concentrations and rates of change with future PET tau and Aβ load and cognitive performance. RESULTS P-tau181 and NfL plasma concentrations increased along the AD spectrum, but only NfL showed greater rates of change in AD patients versus controls. Cognitive performance was associated cross-sectionally with NfL in all subgroups, and with p-tau181 only in AD spectrum individuals. The baseline concentrations of both plasma markers predicted PET Aβ and tau load and cognitive performance. The rate of change of NfL predicted future PET tau and cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS P-tau and NfL behave differently within the same individuals over time and may therefore offer complementary diagnostic information. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02854033, NCT01231971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,School of Public Health, Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, Germany
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