401
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Amplification of mutated NRAS leading to congenital melanoma in neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Melanoma Res 2016; 25:453-60. [PMID: 26266759 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms behind malignant progression in patients with giant nevi are largely unknown. Here, we aim to describe novel genetic findings and explain possible mechanisms resulting in the most severe form of neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Detailed histological (biopsy and post-mortem) studies, tissue culture, and high-resolution cytogenetic analysis, including chromosome and array comparative genomic hybridization, Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Panel, and Sanger sequencing, were performed on tissues from a white male who succumbed at 17 months of age to congenital melanoma associated with a bathing-trunk nevus. We also used quantitative PCR to quantitatively assess the expression of NRAS among normal cells, including fibroblast and melanocytes, as well as melanoma cells from our patient. Full autopsy documented tumors in the brain, spinal cord, lung, liver, testis, bone marrow, and, retrospectively, in the placenta. Next-generation sequencing and chromosome microarray in our patient revealed novel findings, including duplication of a mutated NRAS gene, leading to an aggressive clinical course and disseminated disease. Quantitative PCR showed a five-fold increase in NRAS expression in the melanoma cell line when compared with normal melanocytes. Finally, three amino acid-changing germline variants were detected: homozygous TP53 p.P72R, heterozygous KIT p.M541L, and homozygous KDR (VEGFR2) p.Q472H. These genes are involved in malignancy and other potentially relevant pathways, such as mast cell and melanocytic signaling, as well as angiogenesis. These findings provide novel insights into the biology of congenital melanocytic proliferations, showing that amplification of mutated NRAS seems to represent a new genetic mechanism leading to melanoma in the context of neurocutaneous melanocytosis.
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402
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Amente S, Milazzo G, Sorrentino MC, Ambrosio S, Di Palo G, Lania L, Perini G, Majello B. Lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1/KDM1A) and MYCN cooperatively repress tumor suppressor genes in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14572-83. [PMID: 26062444 PMCID: PMC4546488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-modifying enzyme lysine-specific demethylase 1, KDM1A/LSD1 is involved in maintaining the undifferentiated, malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma cells and its overexpression correlated with aggressive disease, poor differentiation and infaust outcome. Here, we show that LSD1 physically binds MYCN both in vitro and in vivo and that such an interaction requires the MYCN BoxIII. We found that LSD1 co-localizes with MYCN on promoter regions of CDKN1A/p21 and Clusterin (CLU) suppressor genes and cooperates with MYCN to repress the expression of these genes. KDM1A needs to engage with MYCN in order to associate with the CDKN1A and CLU promoters. The expression of CLU and CDKN1A can be restored in MYCN-amplified cells by pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 activity or knockdown of its expression. Combined pharmacological inhibition of MYCN and LSD1 through the use of small molecule inhibitors synergistically reduces MYCN-amplified Neuroblastoma cell viability in vitro. These findings demonstrate that LSD1 is a critical co-factor of the MYCN repressive function, and suggest that combination of LSD1 and MYCN inhibitors may have strong therapeutic relevance to counteract MYCN-driven oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Amente
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Ambrosio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Di Palo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Lania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,CIRI Health Sciences and Technologies (HST), Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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403
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Mateo-Lozano S, García M, Rodríguez-Hernández CJ, de Torres C. Regulation of Differentiation by Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Normal and Tumoral Developing Nervous System. Front Physiol 2016; 7:169. [PMID: 27242543 PMCID: PMC4861737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During normal development of the nervous system (NS), neural progenitor cells (NPCs) produce specialized populations of neurons and glial cells upon cell fate restriction and terminal differentiation. These sequential processes require the dynamic regulation of thousands of genes. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is temporally and spatially regulated in both neurons and glial cells during development of the NS. In particular, CaSR expression and function have been shown to play a significant role during differentiation of NPCs toward the oligodendrocyte lineage and also in maturation of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs). Moreover, CaSR regulates axonal and dendritic growth in both central and peripheral nervous systems (PNSs), a process necessary for proper construction of mature neuronal networks. On the other hand, several lines of evidence support a role for CaSR in promotion of cell differentiation and inhibition of proliferation in neuroblastoma, a tumor arising from precursor cells of developing PNS. Thus, among the variety of NS functions in which the CaSR participates, this mini-review focuses on its role in differentiation of normal and tumoral cells. Current knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for CaSR regulation and function in these contexts is also discussed, together with the therapeutic opportunities provided by CaSR allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mateo-Lozano
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta García
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J Rodríguez-Hernández
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain; Department of Oncology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica - Hospital Sant Joan de DéuBarcelona, Spain
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404
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Ratner N, Brodeur GM, Dale RC, Schor NF. The "neuro" of neuroblastoma: Neuroblastoma as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Ann Neurol 2016; 80:13-23. [PMID: 27043043 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer derived from cells of neural crest origin. The hallmarks of its enigmatic character include its propensity for spontaneous regression under some circumstances and its association with paraneoplastic opsoclonus, myoclonus, and ataxia. The neurodevelopmental underpinnings of its origins may provide important clues for development of novel therapeutic and preventive agents for this frequently fatal malignancy and for the associated paraneoplastic syndromes. Ann Neurol 2016;80:13-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Russell C Dale
- Clinical School, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nina F Schor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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405
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Lee JK, Phillips JW, Smith BA, Park JW, Stoyanova T, McCaffrey EF, Baertsch R, Sokolov A, Meyerowitz JG, Mathis C, Cheng D, Stuart JM, Shokat KM, Gustafson WC, Huang J, Witte ON. N-Myc Drives Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Initiated from Human Prostate Epithelial Cells. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:536-547. [PMID: 27050099 PMCID: PMC4829466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MYCN amplification and overexpression are common in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). However, the impact of aberrant N-Myc expression in prostate tumorigenesis and the cellular origin of NEPC have not been established. We define N-Myc and activated AKT1 as oncogenic components sufficient to transform human prostate epithelial cells to prostate adenocarcinoma and NEPC with phenotypic and molecular features of aggressive, late-stage human disease. We directly show that prostate adenocarcinoma and NEPC can arise from a common epithelial clone. Further, N-Myc is required for tumor maintenance, and destabilization of N-Myc through Aurora A kinase inhibition reduces tumor burden. Our findings establish N-Myc as a driver of NEPC and a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John W Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bryan A Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jung Wook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Erin F McCaffrey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Baertsch
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Artem Sokolov
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Justin G Meyerowitz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Colleen Mathis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joshua M Stuart
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - W Clay Gustafson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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406
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MYCN-mediated miR-21 overexpression enhances chemo-resistance via targeting CADM1 in tongue cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1129-1141. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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407
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Smith JR, Moreno L, Heaton SP, Chesler L, Pearson ADJ, Garrett MD. Novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers for MYCN protein and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway signaling in children with neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:538-52. [PMID: 26686971 PMCID: PMC5423144 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for improved therapies for children with high-risk neuroblastoma where survival rates remain low. MYCN amplification is the most common genomic change associated with aggressive neuroblastoma and drugs targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR, to activate MYCN oncoprotein degradation, are entering clinical evaluation. Our aim was to develop and validate pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers to evaluate both proof of mechanism and proof of concept for drugs that block PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity in children with neuroblastoma. We have addressed the issue of limited access to tumor biopsies for quantitative detection of protein biomarkers by optimizing a three-color fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) method to purify CD45-/GD2+/CD56+ neuroblastoma cells from bone marrow. We then developed a novel quantitative measurement of MYCN protein in these isolated neuroblastoma cells, providing the potential to demonstrate proof of concept for drugs that inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in this disease. In addition we have established quantitative detection of three biomarkers for AKT pathway activity (phosphorylated and total AKT, GSK3β and P70S6K) in surrogate platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from pediatric patients. Together our new approach to neuroblastoma cell isolation for protein detection and suite of PD assays provides for the first time the opportunity for robust, quantitative measurement of protein-based PD biomarkers in this pediatric patient population. These will be ideal tools to support clinical evaluation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway drugs and their ability to target MYCN oncoprotein in upcoming clinical trials in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Smith
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Moreno
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; Children's and Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom; CNIO, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon P Heaton
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; Children's and Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D J Pearson
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; Children's and Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle D Garrett
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom.
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408
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de Boisvilliers M, Perrin F, Hebache S, Balandre AC, Bensalma S, Garnier A, Vaudry D, Fournier A, Festy F, Muller JM, Chadéneau C. VIP and PACAP analogs regulate therapeutic targets in high-risk neuroblastoma cells. Peptides 2016; 78:30-41. [PMID: 26826611 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer. New therapies for high-risk NB aim to induce cell differentiation and to inhibit MYCN and ALK signaling in NB. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are 2 related neuropeptides sharing common receptors. The level of VIP increases with NB differentiation. Here, the effects of VIP and PACAP analogs developed for therapeutic use were studied in MYCN-amplified NB SK-N-DZ and IMR-32 cells and in Kelly cells that in addition present the F1174L ALK mutation. As previously reported by our group in IMR-32 cells, VIP induced neuritogenesis in SK-N-DZ and Kelly cells and reduced MYCN expression in Kelly but not in SK-N-DZ cells. VIP decreased AKT activity in the ALK-mutated Kelly cells. These effects were PKA-dependent. IMR-32, SK-NDZ and Kelly cells expressed the genes encoding the 3 subtypes of VIP and PACAP receptors, VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1. In parallel to its effect on MYCN expression, VIP inhibited invasion in IMR-32 and Kelly cells. Among the 3 PACAP analogs tested, [Hyp(2)]PACAP-27 showed higher efficiency than VIP in Kelly cells. These results indicate that VIP and PACAP analogs act on molecular and cellular processes that could reduce aggressiveness of high-risk NB.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mutation
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein/genetics
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Organ Specificity
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/chemical synthesis
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/chemical synthesis
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Madryssa de Boisvilliers
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Florian Perrin
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Salima Hebache
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Annie-Claire Balandre
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Souheyla Bensalma
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Garnier
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Université de Rouen, INSERM U982, Equipe Neuropeptides, survie neuronale et plasticité cellulaire, IRIB, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Place E. Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Alain Fournier
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Franck Festy
- Université de la Réunion, Stemcis c/o CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Jean-Marc Muller
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Corinne Chadéneau
- Université de Poitiers, Équipe Récepteurs, Régulations et Cellules Tumorales (2RCT), Pôle Biologie Santé, Bât. B36/B37, UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, 1 rue Georges Bonnet TSA, 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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409
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Ham J, Costa C, Sano R, Lochmann TL, Sennott EM, Patel NU, Dastur A, Gomez-Caraballo M, Krytska K, Hata AN, Floros KV, Hughes MT, Jakubik CT, Heisey DAR, Ferrell JT, Bristol ML, March RJ, Yates C, Hicks MA, Nakajima W, Gowda M, Windle BE, Dozmorov MG, Garnett MJ, McDermott U, Harada H, Taylor SM, Morgan IM, Benes CH, Engelman JA, Mossé YP, Faber AC. Exploitation of the Apoptosis-Primed State of MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma to Develop a Potent and Specific Targeted Therapy Combination. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:159-72. [PMID: 26859456 PMCID: PMC4749542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fewer than half of children with high-risk neuroblastoma survive. Many of these tumors harbor high-level amplification of MYCN, which correlates with poor disease outcome. Using data from our large drug screen we predicted, and subsequently demonstrated, that MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas are sensitive to the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199. This sensitivity occurs in part through low anti-apoptotic BCL-xL expression, high pro-apoptotic NOXA expression, and paradoxical, MYCN-driven upregulation of NOXA. Screening for enhancers of ABT-199 sensitivity in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas, we demonstrate that the Aurora Kinase A inhibitor MLN8237 combines with ABT-199 to induce widespread apoptosis. In diverse models of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, including a patient-derived xenograft model, this combination uniformly induced tumor shrinkage, and in multiple instances led to complete tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungoh Ham
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carlotta Costa
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Renata Sano
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy L Lochmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Erin M Sennott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Neha U Patel
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Anahita Dastur
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Gomez-Caraballo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kateryna Krytska
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konstantinos V Floros
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mark T Hughes
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Charles T Jakubik
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel A R Heisey
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Justin T Ferrell
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Molly L Bristol
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ryan J March
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig Yates
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mark A Hicks
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Wataru Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Madhu Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, VCU, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Brad E Windle
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shirley M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Iain M Morgan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yael P Mossé
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony C Faber
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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410
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Bielinsky AK. Penetrating enemy territory: Soluble PCNA-peptides stress out MYCN-overexpressing neuroblastomas. EBioMedicine 2016; 2:1844-5. [PMID: 26844252 PMCID: PMC4703722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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411
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Ueda T, Nakata Y, Yamasaki N, Oda H, Sentani K, Kanai A, Onishi N, Ikeda K, Sera Y, Honda ZI, Tanaka K, Sata M, Ogawa S, Yasui W, Saya H, Takita J, Honda H. ALKR1275Q perturbs extracellular matrix, enhances cell invasion and leads to the development of neuroblastoma in cooperation with MYCN. Oncogene 2016; 35:4447-58. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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412
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Generating trunk neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19727. [PMID: 26812940 PMCID: PMC4728437 DOI: 10.1038/srep19727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCC) are stem cells that generate different lineages, including neuroendocrine, melanocytic, cartilage, and bone. The differentiation potential of NCC varies according to the level from which cells emerge along the neural tube. For example, only anterior “cranial” NCC form craniofacial bone, whereas solely posterior “trunk” NCC contribute to sympathoadrenal cells. Importantly, the isolation of human fetal NCC carries ethical and scientific challenges, as NCC induction typically occur before pregnancy is detectable. As a result, current knowledge of NCC biology derives primarily from non-human organisms. Important differences between human and non-human NCC, such as expression of HNK1 in human but not mouse NCC, suggest a need to study human NCC directly. Here, we demonstrate that current protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) to NCC are biased toward cranial NCC. Addition of retinoic acid drove trunk-related markers and HOX genes characteristic of a posterior identity. Subsequent treatment with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) enhanced differentiation to sympathoadrenal cells. Our approach provides methodology for detailed studies of human NCC, and clarifies roles for retinoids and BMPs in the differentiation of human PSC to trunk NCC and to sympathoadrenal lineages.
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413
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Abstract
We describe two children with ganglioneuroma (GN) likely originating from incompletely resected neuroblastoma (NB) during infancy, stages 2A and 2B, who did not undergo postoperative adjuvant chemotherapies. Both NB tumors had no MYCN amplification, had TrKA but no TrkB expression, and by TUNEL had apoptosis. These findings may have contributed to spontaneous maturation of the residual primary NB and hence the favorable prognosis, which suggests surgery alone might be the sufficient initial therapy for low-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yao
- a Department of Pathology , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Xiu-Mei Liu
- b Department of Pathology , Qi Lu Children's Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Ye-Jun Qin
- a Department of Pathology , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
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414
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Kim J, Schoeberl B. Beyond static biomarkers--The dynamic response potential of signaling networks as an alternate biomarker? Sci Signal 2015; 8:fs21. [PMID: 26696629 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this week's issue of Science Signaling, Fey et al. introduce a new type of biomarker. Using the example of neuroblastoma, the authors demonstrate that patient-specific differences in the computed property (the Hill coefficient) of the dynamics of a pathway involved in cell death signaling outperformed the prognostic capability of any single static biomarker alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- Merrimack, 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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415
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Nicolai S, Pieraccioli M, Peschiaroli A, Melino G, Raschellà G. Neuroblastoma: oncogenic mechanisms and therapeutic exploitation of necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2010. [PMID: 26633716 PMCID: PMC4720889 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial childhood tumor classified in five stages (1, 2, 3, 4 and 4S), two of which (3 and 4) identify chemotherapy-resistant, highly aggressive disease. High-risk NB frequently displays MYCN amplification, mutations in ALK and ATRX, and genomic rearrangements in TERT genes. These NB subtypes are also characterized by reduced susceptibility to programmed cell death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. The latter feature is a major cause of failure in the treatment of advanced NB patients. Thus, proper reactivation of apoptosis or of other types of programmed cell death pathways in response to treatment is relevant for the clinical management of aggressive forms of NB. In this short review, we will discuss the most relevant genomic rearrangements that define high-risk NB and the role that destabilization of p53 and p73 can have in NB aggressiveness. In addition, we will propose a strategy to stabilize p53 and p73 by using specific inhibitors of their ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Finally, we will introduce necroptosis as an alternative strategy to kill NB cells and increase tumor immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - M Pieraccioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - A Peschiaroli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, Via E. Ramarini 32, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Via Anguillarese, 301, Rome 00123, Italy
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416
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Forgham H, Johnson D, Carter N, Veuger S, Carr-Wilkinson J. Stem Cell Markers in Neuroblastoma-An Emerging Role for LGR5. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:77. [PMID: 26697427 PMCID: PMC4667032 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers in various cancer subtypes is a well documented research area. Our findings show that the stem cell marker Lgr5 is associated with an aggressive phenotype in neuroblastoma. Here, we discuss these findings within the context of recent studies in several cancers such as lung, colorectal and intestinal cancer, glioblastoma and ewing's sarcoma. Neuroblastoma continues to be an elusive disease, due to its heterogeneous presentation ranging from spontaneous regression to aggressive metastatic disease and intertwined genetic variability. Currently, the most significant prognostic marker of high risk disease and poor prognosis is amplification of the MYCN oncogene, which is found in approximately 25% of cases (Huang and Weiss, 2013). With this in mind, there is still much to learn about the driving mechanisms of this aggressive pediatric tumor. Neuroblastoma development is thought to be the result of aberrant differentiation of the cell of origin, embryonic neural crest cells which then migrate and invade during the developmental stage (Joshi et al., 2007). Aberrant cells are those which would, under normal conditions form the mature tissues of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Tumors are known to develop indiscriminately along the radius of the sympathetic ganglia, although it is well established that the adrenal glands are fundamentally the most common primary site (Jessen and Mirsky, 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Forgham
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK ; Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren Johnson
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK
| | - Noel Carter
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK
| | - Stephany Veuger
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK
| | - Jane Carr-Wilkinson
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK ; Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Newcastle Cancer Centre at The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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417
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Bosse KR, Maris JM. Advances in the translational genomics of neuroblastoma: From improving risk stratification and revealing novel biology to identifying actionable genomic alterations. Cancer 2015; 122:20-33. [PMID: 26539795 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that commonly affects young children and is remarkably heterogenous in its malignant potential. Recently, the genetic basis of neuroblastoma has come into focus and not only has catalyzed a more comprehensive understanding of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis but also has revealed novel oncogenic vulnerabilities that are being therapeutically leveraged. Neuroblastoma is a model pediatric solid tumor in its use of recurrent genomic alterations, such as high-level MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma-derived homolog) amplification, for risk stratification. Given the relative paucity of recurrent, activating, somatic point mutations or gene fusions in primary neuroblastoma tumors studied at initial diagnosis, innovative treatment approaches beyond small molecules targeting mutated or dysregulated kinases will be required moving forward to achieve noticeable improvements in overall patient survival. However, the clonally acquired, oncogenic aberrations in relapsed neuroblastomas are currently being defined and may offer an opportunity to improve patient outcomes with molecularly targeted therapy directed toward aberrantly regulated pathways in relapsed disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about neuroblastoma genetics and genomics, highlighting the improved prognostication and potential therapeutic opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in understanding germline predisposition, recurrent segmental chromosomal alterations, somatic point mutations and translocations, and clonal evolution in relapsed neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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418
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Boufraqech M, Kebebew E. New genomic somatic amplifications and deletions in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2015; 50. [PMID: 26224588 PMCID: PMC4623951 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Boufraqech
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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419
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Sun Y, Bell JL, Carter D, Gherardi S, Poulos RC, Milazzo G, Wong JW, Al-Awar R, Tee AE, Liu PY, Liu B, Atmadibrata B, Wong M, Trahair T, Zhao Q, Shohet JM, Haupt Y, Schulte JH, Brown PJ, Arrowsmith CH, Vedadi M, MacKenzie KL, Hüttelmaier S, Perini G, Marshall GM, Braithwaite A, Liu T. WDR5 Supports an N-Myc Transcriptional Complex That Drives a Protumorigenic Gene Expression Signature in Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5143-54. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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420
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Jin Y, Wang H, Han W, Lu J, Chu P, Han S, Ni X, Ning B, Yu D, Guo Y. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs11669203 in TGFBR3L is associated with the risk of neuroblastoma in a Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3739-47. [PMID: 26468016 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With a primary mortality, neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Amplification of the MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog) oncogene is observed in 20-30 % of NB cases, a feature which also characterizes a highly aggressive subtype of the disease. However, the systematic study of association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MYCN-regulated genes and the risk of NB has not been investigated. In the current study, we scanned a set of 16 SNPs located within known or predicted MYCN binding sites in a cohort of 247 patients of Chinese origin with neuroblastic family tumors, including neuroblastoma (NB), ganglioneuroma (GN), and ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB), and in 290 cancer-free controls to determine whether any of the tested SNPs are associated with neuroblastic family tumors. We found that the rs11669203 G>C polymorphism, located in TGFBR3L promoter, is significantly associated with the risk of NB. Further, we found that this association is site specific to adrenal NB compared to non-adrenal NB. In addition, transcriptome analysis indicated that increased expression of TGFBR3L is strongly correlated with poor survival. The SNP rs11669203 located at the MYCN binding site of TGFBR3L is significantly associated with elevated risk of NB, and abnormal MYCN-regulated TGFBR3L expression may contribute to NB oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baitang Ning
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Dianke Yu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA.
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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421
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Bao J, Qin L, Cui L, Wang X, Meng Q, Zhu L, Zhang S. Microarray data analysis of neuroblastoma: Expression of SOX2 downregulates the expression of MYCN. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6867-72. [PMID: 26398570 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the genes directly or indirectly correlated with the amplification of MYCN in neuroblastoma (NB). Microarray data (GSE53371) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and included 10 NB cell lines with MYCN amplification and 10 NB cell lines with normal MYCN copy numbers. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Data package, and a false discovery rate of <0.05 and |log2FC (fold change)|>1 were selected as cut‑off criteria. Hierarchical clustering analysis and Gene Ontology analysis were respectively performed for the DEGs using the Pheatmap package in R language and The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein‑protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed for the DEGs using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. Pathway analysis was performed for the DEGs in the PPI network using the WEB‑based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit. The correlation between MYCN and the key gene associated with MYCN was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. In total, 137 downregulated and 35 upregulated DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that KCNMB4 was involved in the regulation of action potential in neuron term, and the FOS, GLI3 and GLI1 genes were involved in the extracellular matrix‑receptor interaction pathway. The PPI network and correlation analysis revealed that the expression of SOX2 was directly correlated with the expression of MYCN, and the correlation coefficient of SOX2 and MYCN was ‑0.83. Therefore, SOX2, KCNMB4, FOS, GLI3 and GLI1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of NB, with the expression of SOX2 downregulating the expression of MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Bao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Luying Qin
- Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Cui
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Linchao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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422
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Schwarzl T, Higgins DG, Kolch W, Duffy DJ. Measuring Transcription Rate Changes via Time-Course 4-Thiouridine Pulse-Labelling Improves Transcriptional Target Identification. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3368-74. [PMID: 26362006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying changes in the transcriptional regulation of target genes from high-throughput studies is important for unravelling molecular mechanisms controlled by a given perturbation. When measuring global transcript levels only, the effect of the perturbation [e.g., transcription factor (TF) overexpression or drug treatment] on its target genes is often obscured by delayed feedback and secondary effects until the changes are fully propagated. As a proof of principle, we show that selective measuring of transcripts that are only synthesised after a perturbation [4-thiouridine (4sU) sequencing (4sU-seq)] is a more sensitive method to identify targets and time-dependent transcriptional responses than global transcript profiling. By metabolically labelling RNA in a time-course setup, we could vastly increase the sensitivity of MYCN target gene detection compared to traditional RNA sequencing. The validity of targets identified by 4sU-seq was demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and neuroblastoma microarray tumour data. Here, we describe the methodology, both molecular biology and computational aspects, required to successfully apply this 4sU-seq approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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423
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Boratyn E, Nowak I, Horwacik I, Durbas M, Mistarz A, Kukla M, Kaczówka P, Łastowska M, Jura J, Rokita H. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-Induced Protein 1 Overexpression Modulates Transcriptome, Including MicroRNA, in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:694-707. [PMID: 26308737 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered MCPIP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1), a multidomain protein encoded by the MCPIP1 (ZC3H12A) gene, has been described as a new differentiation factor, a ribonuclease, and a deubiquitination-supporting factor. However, its role in cancer is poorly recognized. Our recent analysis of microarrays data showed a lack of expression of the MCPIP1 transcript in primary neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Additionally, enforced expression of the MCPIP1 gene in BE(2)-C cells caused a significant decrease in neuroblastoma proliferation and viability. Aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of MCPIP1 in neuroblastoma, using expression DNA microarrays and microRNA microarrays. Transient transfections of BE(2)-C cells were used for overexpression of either wild type of MCPIP1 (MCPIP1-wt) or its RN-ase defective mutant (MCPIP1-ΔPIN). We have analyzed changes of transcriptome and next, we have used qRT-PCR to verify mRNA levels of selected genes responding to MCPIP1 overexpression. Additionally, protein levels were determined for some of the selected genes. The choline transporter, CTL1, encoded by the SLC44A1 gene, was significantly repressed at the specific mRNA and protein levels and most importantly this translated into a decreased choline transport in MCPIP1-overexpressing cells. Then, we have found microRNA-3613-3p as the mostly altered in the pools of cells overexpressing the wild type MCPIP1. Next, we analyzed the predicted targets of the miR-3613-3p and validated them using qRT-PCR and western blot. These results indicate that the expression of miR-3613-3p might be regulated by MCPIP1 by cleavage of its precursor form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Boratyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Iwona Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Irena Horwacik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Durbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Mistarz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kukla
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kaczówka
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Maria Łastowska
- Department of Pathology, Institute "Pomnik - Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka", Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, Warszawa, 04-730, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Hanna Rokita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
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424
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Cortés C, Kozma SC, Tauler A, Ambrosio S. MYCN concurrence with SAHA-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:341-52. [PMID: 26306783 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has been shown to induce apoptosis in several human tumor types, including neuroblastomas. Amplification and over-expression of the MYCN oncogene is a diagnostic hallmark and a poor prognostic indicator in high-risk neuroblastomas. Here, we studied the relationship between MYCN amplification and over-expression and the anti-tumor effect of SAHA to assess whether this drug may serve as a treatment option for high-risk neuroblastomas. METHODS Different human neuroblastoma cell lines, over-expressing or not over-expressing MYCN, were used in this study. Targeted knockdown and exogenous over-expression of MYCN were employed to examine correlations between MYCN expression levels and SAHA responses. After various time periods and concentration exposures to the drug, cell viability was measured by MTS assay, and variations in MYCN mRNA and protein levels were assessed by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS We found that SAHA decreased cell viability in all cell lines tested through apoptosis induction, and that SAHA had a stronger effect on cell lines carrying an amplified MYCN gene. A decrease in MYCN mRNA and protein levels was observed in the SAHA treated cell lines. Subsequent silencing and exogenous over-expression of MYCN changed the proliferation rate of the cells, but did not have any significant impact on the effect of SAHA on the viability of the cells. We also found that SAHA blocked the expression of MYCN and, by doing so, reduced the effects mediated by this protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SAHA may be used as a single-drug treatment option for neuroblastomas with an amplified MYCN gene, and as an adjuvant treatment option for all neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Cortés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain
| | - Sara C Kozma
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain
| | - Albert Tauler
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Dep. Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain.
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425
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Duffy DJ. Problems, challenges and promises: perspectives on precision medicine. Brief Bioinform 2015; 17:494-504. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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426
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Rihani A, Vandesompele J, Speleman F, Van Maerken T. Inhibition of CDK4/6 as a novel therapeutic option for neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2015. [PMID: 26225123 PMCID: PMC4518532 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is a neural crest-derived tumor and is the most common cancer in children less than 1 year of age. We hypothesized that aberrations in genes that control the cell cycle could play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and could provide a tractable therapeutic target. Methods In this study, we screened 131 genes involved in cell cycle regulation at different levels by analyzing the effect of siRNA-mediated gene silencing on the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Results Marked reductions in neuroblastoma cellular proliferation were recorded after knockdown of CCND1 or PLK1. We next showed that pharmacological inhibition of cyclin D1 dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) with PD 0332991 (palbociclib) reduced the growth of neuroblastoma cell lines, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibited the cyclin D1-Rb pathway. Conclusion Selective inhibition of CDK4/6 using palbociclib may provide a new therapeutic option for treating neuroblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0224-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rihani
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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427
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Mobley BC, Kwon M, Kraemer BR, Hickman FE, Qiao J, Chung DH, Carter BD. Expression of MYCN in Multipotent Sympathoadrenal Progenitors Induces Proliferation and Neural Differentiation, but Is Not Sufficient for Tumorigenesis. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222553 PMCID: PMC4519318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal glands, hypothesized to originate from progenitors of the developing sympathetic nervous system. Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is a genetic marker of risk in this disease. Understanding the impact of oncogene expression on sympathoadrenal progenitor development may improve our knowledge of neuroblastoma initiation and progression. We isolated sympathoadrenal progenitor cells from the postnatal murine adrenal gland by sphere culture and found them to be multipotent, generating differentiated colonies of neurons, Schwann cells, and myofibroblasts. MYCN overexpression in spheres promoted commitment to the neural lineage, evidenced by an increased frequency of neuron-containing colonies. MYCN promoted proliferation of both sympathoadrenal progenitor spheres and differentiated neurons derived from these spheres, but there was also an increase in apoptosis. The proliferation, apoptosis, and neural lineage commitment induced by MYCN are tumor-like characteristics and thereby support the hypothesis that multipotent adrenal medullary progenitor cells are cells of origin for neuroblastoma. We find, however, that MYCN overexpression is not sufficient for these cells to form tumors in nude mice, suggesting that additional transforming mutations are necessary for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret C. Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
- * E-mail: (BCM); (BDC)
| | - Minjae Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
| | - Bradley R. Kraemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
| | - F. Edward Hickman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
| | - Dai H. Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, the United States of America
- * E-mail: (BCM); (BDC)
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428
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Cabanillas Stanchi KM, Bruchelt G, Handgretinger R, Holzer U. Nifurtimox reduces N-Myc expression and aerobic glycolysis in neuroblastoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1353-63. [PMID: 26177922 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors in childhood and usually accompanied with poor prognosis and rapid tumor progression when diagnosed with amplification of the proto-oncogene N-Myc. The amplification of N-Myc has major influence on the maintenance of aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect. This specific switch in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate instead of the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A even in the presence of oxygen has important benefits for the tumor, e.g. increased production of enzymes and enzyme substrates that are involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis. The antiprotozoal drug nifurtimox, which is generally used for the treatment of infections with the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, has been reported to have cytotoxic properties in the therapy of neuroblastoma. However, its action of mechanism has not been described in detail yet. The presented in vitro study on the neuroblastoma cell lines LA-N-1, IMR-32, LS and SK-N-SH shows an increased production of oxidative stress, a reduced lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity and reduced lactate production after nifurtimox treatment. Furthermore, nifurtimox leads to reduced mRNA and protein levels of the proto-oncogene protein N-Myc. Thus, the current work gives new insights into the effect of nifurtimox on tumor metabolism revealing a shifted glucose metabolism from production of lactate to oxidative phosphorylation and a reduced expression of the major molecular prognostic factor in neuroblastoma N-Myc, presenting nifurtimox as a possible adjuvant therapeutic agent against (high risk) neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Melanie Cabanillas Stanchi
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Gernot Bruchelt
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Ursula Holzer
- a University Hospital Tuebingen; Children's Hospital; Department I - General Pediatrics; Hematology/Oncology ; Tuebingen , Germany
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429
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MYC in pancreatic cancer: novel mechanistic insights and their translation into therapeutic strategies. Oncogene 2015; 35:1609-18. [PMID: 26119937 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its aggressiveness, late detection and marginal therapeutic accessibility, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a most challenging malignant disease. Despite scientific progress in the understanding of the mechanisms that underly PDAC initiation and progression, the successful translation of experimental findings into effective new therapeutic strategies remains a largely unmet need. The oncogene MYC is activated in many PDAC cases and is a master regulator of vital cellular processes. Excellent recent studies have shed new light on the tremendous functions of MYC in cancer and identified inhibition of MYC as a likewise beneficial and demanding effort. This review will focus on mechanisms that contribute to deregulation of MYC expression in pancreatic carcinogenesis and progression and will summarize novel biological findings from recent in vivo models. Finally, we provide a perspective, how regulation of MYC in PDAC may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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430
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Cage TA, Chanthery Y, Chesler L, Grimmer M, Knight Z, Shokat K, Weiss WA, Gustafson WC. Downregulation of MYCN through PI3K Inhibition in Mouse Models of Pediatric Neural Cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:111. [PMID: 26029667 PMCID: PMC4429235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYCN proto-oncogene is associated with poor outcome across a broad range of pediatric tumors. While amplification of MYCN drives subsets of high-risk neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, dysregulation of MYCN in medulloblastoma (in the absence of amplification) also contributes to pathogenesis. Since PI3K stabilizes MYCN, we have used inhibitors of PI3K to drive degradation. In this study, we show PI3K inhibitors by themselves induce cell cycle arrest, with modest induction of apoptosis. In screening inhibitors of PI3K against MYCN, we identified PIK-75 and its derivative, PW-12, inhibitors of both PI3K and of protein kinases, to be highly effective in destabilizing MYCN. To determine the effects of PW-12 treatment in vivo, we analyzed a genetically engineered mouse model for MYCN-driven neuroblastoma and a model of MYCN-driven medulloblastoma. PW-12 showed significant activity in both models, inducing vascular collapse and regression of medulloblastoma with prominent apoptosis in both models. These results demonstrate that inhibitors of lipid and protein kinases can drive apoptosis in MYCN-driven cancers and support the importance of MYCN as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tene Aneka Cage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvan Chanthery
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Matthew Grimmer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Knight
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevan Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A. Weiss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W. Clay Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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431
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Agarwal S, Lakoma A, Chen Z, Hicks J, Metelitsa LS, Kim ES, Shohet JM. G-CSF Promotes Neuroblastoma Tumorigenicity and Metastasis via STAT3-Dependent Cancer Stem Cell Activation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2566-79. [PMID: 25908586 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. A cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulation in neuroblastoma is known to be marked by expression of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). Here, we report on the mechanistic contributions of the G-CSFR in neuroblastoma CSCs. Specifically, we demonstrate that the receptor ligand G-CSF selectively activates STAT3 within neuroblastoma CSC subpopulations, promoting their expansion in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous G-CSF enhances tumor growth and metastasis in human xenograft and murine neuroblastoma tumor models. In response to G-CSF, STAT3 acts in a feed-forward loop to transcriptionally activate the G-CSFR and sustain neuroblastoma CSCs. Blockade of this G-CSF-STAT3 signaling loop with either anti-G-CSF antibody or STAT3 inhibitor depleted the CSC subpopulation within tumors, driving correlated tumor growth inhibition, decreased metastasis, and increased chemosensitivity. Taken together, our results define G-CSF as a CSC-activating factor in neuroblastoma, suggest a comprehensive reevaluation of the clinical use of G-CSF in these patients to support white blood cell counts, and suggest that direct targeting of the G-CSF-STAT3 signaling represents a novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Lakoma
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zaowen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Section of Pediatric Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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432
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Shoji W, Suenaga Y, Kaneko Y, Islam SMR, Alagu J, Yokoi S, Nio M, Nakagawara A. NCYM promotes calpain-mediated Myc-nick production in human MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:501-6. [PMID: 25896758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NCYM is a cis-antisense gene of MYCN and is amplified in human neuroblastomas. High NCYM expression is associated with poor prognoses, and the NCYM protein stabilizes MYCN to promote proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of NCYM in the regulation of cell survival have remained poorly characterized. Here we show that NCYM promotes cleavage of MYCN to produce the anti-apoptotic protein, Myc-nick, both in vitro and in vivo. NCYM and Myc-nick were induced at G2/M phase, and NCYM knockdown induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by Myc-nick downregulation. These results reveal a novel function of NCYM as a regulator of Myc-nick production in human neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shoji
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suenaga
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan; Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Kaneko
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - S M Rafiqul Islam
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Jennifer Alagu
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Sana Yokoi
- Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Masaki Nio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.
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433
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Stacey SN, Helgason H, Gudjonsson SA, Thorleifsson G, Zink F, Sigurdsson A, Kehr B, Gudmundsson J, Sulem P, Sigurgeirsson B, Benediktsdottir KR, Thorisdottir K, Ragnarsson R, Fuentelsaz V, Corredera C, Gilaberte Y, Grasa M, Planelles D, Sanmartin O, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Nexø BA, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Jonasson JG, Tryggvadottir L, Johannsdottir H, Kristinsdottir AM, Stefansson H, Masson G, Magnusson OT, Halldorsson BV, Kong A, Rafnar T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Vogel U, Kumar R, Nagore E, Mayordomo JI, Gudbjartsson DF, Olafsson JH, Stefansson K. New basal cell carcinoma susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6825. [PMID: 25855136 PMCID: PMC4403348 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ongoing screen for DNA sequence variants that confer risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 24,988,228 SNPs and small indels detected through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders and imputed into 4,572 BCC patients and 266,358 controls. Here we show the discovery of four new BCC susceptibility loci: 2p24 MYCN (rs57244888[C], OR=0.76, P=4.7 × 10(-12)), 2q33 CASP8-ALS2CR12 (rs13014235[C], OR=1.15, P=1.5 × 10(-9)), 8q21 ZFHX4 (rs28727938[G], OR=0.70, P=3.5 × 10(-12)) and 10p14 GATA3 (rs73635312[A], OR=0.74, P=2.4 × 10(-16)). Fine mapping reveals that two variants correlated with rs73635312[A] occur in conserved binding sites for the GATA3 transcription factor. In addition, expression microarrays and RNA-seq show that rs13014235[C] and a related SNP rs700635[C] are associated with expression of CASP8 splice variants in which sequences from intron 8 are retained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Florian Zink
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Birte Kehr
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Bardur Sigurgeirsson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Kristrun R. Benediktsdottir
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Kristin Thorisdottir
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Rafn Ragnarsson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Division of Dermatology, San Jorge General Hospital, Huesca 22004, Spain
| | - Matilde Grasa
- Division of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Dolores Planelles
- Laboratory of Histocompatibility-Molecular Biology, Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Avenida del Cid, 65-A, Valencia 46014, Spain
| | - Onofre Sanmartin
- Department of Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia 46009, Spain
- Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia 46003, Spain
| | - Peter Rudnai
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest H-1450, Hungary
| | - Eugene Gurzau
- Health Department, Environmental Health Centre, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj, RO-Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- Department of Environmental Health, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica SK-975 56, Slovakia
| | - Bjørn A. Nexø
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Jon G. Jonasson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 8, Reykjavik 105, Iceland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Skogarhlid 8, Reykjavik 105, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Bjarni V. Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia 46009, Spain
- Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia 46003, Spain
| | - José I. Mayordomo
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | | | - Jon H. Olafsson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/AMGEN, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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434
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Chen J, Hackett CS, Zhang S, Song YK, Bell RJA, Molinaro AM, Quigley DA, Balmain A, Song JS, Costello JF, Gustafson WC, Van Dyke T, Kwok PY, Khan J, Weiss WA. The genetics of splicing in neuroblastoma. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:380-95. [PMID: 25637275 PMCID: PMC4390477 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Regulation of mRNA splicing, a critical and tightly regulated cellular function, underlies the majority of proteomic diversity and is frequently disrupted in disease. Using an integrative genomics approach, we combined both genomic data and exon-level transcriptome data in two somatic tissues (cerebella and peripheral ganglia) from a transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma, a tumor that arises from the peripheral neural crest. Here, we describe splicing quantitative trait loci associated with differential splicing across the genome that we use to identify genes with previously unknown functions within the splicing pathway and to define de novo intronic splicing motifs that influence splicing from hundreds of bases away. Our results show that these splicing motifs represent sites for functional recurrent mutations and highlight novel candidate genes in human cancers, including childhood neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE Somatic mutations with predictable downstream effects are largely relegated to coding regions, which comprise less than 2% of the human genome. Using an unbiased in vivo analysis of a mouse model of neuroblastoma, we have identified intronic splicing motifs that translate into sites for recurrent somatic mutations in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Chen
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher S Hackett
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shile Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts. Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Young K Song
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert J A Bell
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Allan Balmain
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun S Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois. Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - W Clay Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Terry Van Dyke
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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435
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Ke XX, Zhang D, Zhao H, Hu R, Dong Z, Yang R, Zhu S, Xia Q, Ding HF, Cui H. Phox2B correlates with MYCN and is a prognostic marker for neuroblastoma development. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2507-2514. [PMID: 26137098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the one of the most common extracranial childhood malignancies, accounting for ∼15% of tumor-associated deaths in children. It is generally considered that neuroblastoma originates from neural crest cells in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla. However, the mechanism by which neuroblastoma arises during sympathetic neurogenesis and the cellular mechanism that drives neuroblastoma development remains unclear. The present study investigated the cell components during neuroblastoma development in the tyrosine hydroxylase-v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (TH-MYCN) mouse model, a transgenic mouse model of human neuroblastoma. The present study demonstrates that paired-like homeobox 2b (Phox2B)+ neuronal progenitors are the major cellular population in hyperplastic lesions and primary tumors. In addition, Phox2B+ neuronal progenitors in hyperplastic lesions or primary tumors were observed to be in an actively proliferative and undifferentiated state. The current study also demonstrated that high expression levels of Phox2B promotes neuroblastoma cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth. These findings indicate that the proliferation of undifferentiated Phox2B+ neuronal progenitors is a cellular mechanism that promotes neuroblastoma development and indicates that Phox2B is a critical regulator in neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Ke
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Dunke Zhang
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Renjian Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cell Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R. China
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436
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Carroll PA, Diolaiti D, McFerrin L, Gu H, Djukovic D, Du J, Cheng PF, Anderson S, Ulrich M, Hurley JB, Raftery D, Ayer DE, Eisenman RN. Deregulated Myc requires MondoA/Mlx for metabolic reprogramming and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:271-85. [PMID: 25640402 PMCID: PMC4326605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated Myc transcriptionally reprograms cell metabolism to promote neoplasia. Here we show that oncogenic Myc requires the Myc superfamily member MondoA, a nutrient-sensing transcription factor, for tumorigenesis. Knockdown of MondoA, or its dimerization partner Mlx, blocks Myc-induced reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways, resulting in apoptosis. Identification and knockdown of genes coregulated by Myc and MondoA have allowed us to define metabolic functions required by deregulated Myc and demonstrate a critical role for lipid biosynthesis in survival of Myc-driven cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of a subset of Myc and MondoA coregulated genes correlates with poor outcome of patients with diverse cancers. Coregulation of cancer metabolism by Myc and MondoA provides the potential for therapeutics aimed at inhibiting MondoA and its target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Carroll
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MS A2-025, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Daniel Diolaiti
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MS A2-025, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Lisa McFerrin
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MS A2-025, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Room S148, P.O. Box 358057, Seattle, WA 98109-8057, USA
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Room S148, P.O. Box 358057, Seattle, WA 98109-8057, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pei Feng Cheng
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MS A2-025, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Sarah Anderson
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MS A2-025, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Michelle Ulrich
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MS A2-025, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - James B Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Room S148, P.O. Box 358057, Seattle, WA 98109-8057, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Donald E Ayer
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert N Eisenman
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, MS A2-025, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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437
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the third most common pediatric cancer. Although NB accounts for 7% of pediatric malignancies, it is responsible for more than 10% of childhood cancer-related mortality. Prognosis and treatment are determined by clinical and biological risk factors. Estimated 5-year survival rates for patients with non-high-risk and high-risk NB are more than 90% and less than 50%, respectively. Recent clinical trials have continued to reduce therapy for patients with non-high-risk NB, including the most favorable subsets who are often followed with observation approaches. In contrast, high-risk patients are treated aggressively with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and myeloablative and immunotherapies.
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438
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Izumi H, Kaneko Y. Symmetry breaking in human neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e968510. [PMID: 27308367 PMCID: PMC4905254 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.968510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a characteristic of cancer stem cells, which exhibit high malignant potential. However, the cellular mechanisms that regulate symmetric (self-renewal) and asymmetric cell divisions are mostly unknown. Using human neuroblastoma cells, we found that the oncosuppressor protein tripartite motif containing 32 (TRIM32) positively regulates ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Izumi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics; Research Institute for Clinical Oncology; Saitama Cancer Center ; Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kaneko
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics; Research Institute for Clinical Oncology; Saitama Cancer Center ; Saitama, Japan
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439
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Ren X, Bai X, Zhang X, Li Z, Tang L, Zhao X, Li Z, Ren Y, Wei S, Wang Q, Liu C, Ji J. Quantitative nuclear proteomics identifies that miR-137-mediated EZH2 reduction regulates resveratrol-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:316-28. [PMID: 25505154 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.041905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor with a broad spectrum of clinical behavior and poor prognosis. Despite intensive multimodal therapy, ongoing clinical trials, and basic science investigations, neuroblastoma remains a complex medical challenge with a long-term survival rate less than 40%. In our study, we found that resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene, RSV), a naturally occurring phytoalexin, possesses an anticancer activity through blocking cell growth and inducing apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a (N-2a) cells. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and quantitative proteomic analysis, we found that 395 proteins were up-regulated and 302 proteins were down-regulated in the nucleus of N-2a cells treated with RSV. Among these, the polycomb protein histone methyltransferase EZH2 was reduced significantly, which is aberrantly overexpressed in neuroblastoma and crucial to maintain the malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma by epigenetic repression of multiple tumor suppressor genes. EZH2 reduction further led to decreased H3K27me3 level and reactivation of neuroblastoma tumor suppressor genes CLU and NGFR. Disruption EZH2 expression by RNA interference-mediated knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition with DZNep triggered cellular apoptosis in N-2a cells. We found that the up-regulation of miR-137 level was responsible for reduced EZH2 level in tumor suppression induced by RSV. Inhibition of miR-137 expression rescued the cellular apoptosis phenotypes, EZH2 reduction, and CLU and NGFR reactivation, associated with RSV treatment. Taken together, our findings present for the first time, an epigenetic mechanism involving miR-137-mediated EZH2 repression in RSV-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression of neuroblastoma, which would provide a key potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ren
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; ¶Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue Bai
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheyi Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingfang Tang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; §Institute of System Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanfei Ren
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- ¶Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Cong Liu
- ‡‡Laboratory of Genome Stability, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; §Institute of System Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
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440
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Christensen CL, Kwiatkowski N, Abraham BJ, Carretero J, Al-Shahrour F, Zhang T, Chipumuro E, Herter-Sprie GS, Akbay EA, Altabef A, Zhang J, Shimamura T, Capelletti M, Reibel JB, Cavanaugh JD, Gao P, Liu Y, Michaelsen SR, Poulsen HS, Aref AR, Barbie DA, Bradner JE, George RE, Gray NS, Young RA, Wong KK. Targeting transcriptional addictions in small cell lung cancer with a covalent CDK7 inhibitor. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:909-922. [PMID: 25490451 PMCID: PMC4261156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with high mortality, and the identification of effective pharmacological strategies to target SCLC biology represents an urgent need. Using a high-throughput cellular screen of a diverse chemical library, we observe that SCLC is sensitive to transcription-targeting drugs, in particular to THZ1, a recently identified covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7. We find that expression of super-enhancer-associated transcription factor genes, including MYC family proto-oncogenes and neuroendocrine lineage-specific factors, is highly vulnerability to THZ1 treatment. We propose that downregulation of these transcription factors contributes, in part, to SCLC sensitivity to transcriptional inhibitors and that THZ1 represents a prototype drug for tailored SCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla L Christensen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julian Carretero
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Fatima Al-Shahrour
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edmond Chipumuro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grit S Herter-Sprie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abigail Altabef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takeshi Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Marzia Capelletti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob B Reibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jillian D Cavanaugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Signe R Michaelsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans S Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amir R Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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441
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a developmental tumor of young children arising from the embryonic sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest. Neuroblastoma is the primary cause of death from pediatric cancer for children between the ages of one and five years and accounts for ∼13% of all pediatric cancer mortality. Its clinical impact and unique biology have made this aggressive malignancy the focus of a large concerted translational research effort. New insights into tumor biology are driving the development of new classification schemas. Novel targeted therapeutic approaches include small-molecule inhibitors as well as epigenetic, noncoding-RNA, and cell-based immunologic therapies. In this review, recent insights regarding the pathogenesis and biology of neuroblastoma are placed in context with the current understanding of tumor biology and tumor/host interactions. Systematic classification of patients coupled with therapeutic advances point to a future of improved clinical outcomes for this biologically distinct and highly aggressive pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystal U Louis
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; ,
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442
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Kiyonari S, Kadomatsu K. Neuroblastoma models for insights into tumorigenesis and new therapies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 10:53-62. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.974544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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443
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Copy number loss or silencing of apoptosis-effector genes in cancer. Gene 2014; 554:50-7. [PMID: 25307873 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo a variety of DNA copy number gains and losses (CNV), raising two important questions related to cancer development: (i) Which genes are affected? (ii) And how do CNVs, that do not represent complete deletions but do represent gene-dosage alterations, impact cancer cell functions? Recent studies have indicated that CNVs in cancer can impact genes for regulatory proteins long known to be associated with cancer development, but less is understood about CNVs affecting effector genes. Also, we have recently indicated the likely importance of transcription factor binding site (TFBS) copies in effector genes, in regulating the transition from a proliferative to an apoptotic state. Here we report data-mining analyses that indicate that copies of apoptosis-effector genes are commonly lost in cancer development, in comparison to proliferation-effector genes, and when not, apoptosis effector genes have silenced chromatin structures.
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444
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Abstract
MYC is a master regulator of stem cell state, embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and aging. As in health, in disease MYC figures prominently. Decades of biological research have identified a central role for MYC in the pathophysiology of cancer, inflammation, and heart disease. The centrality of MYC to such a vast breadth of disease biology has attracted significant attention to the historic challenge of developing inhibitors of MYC. This review will discuss therapeutic strategies toward the development of inhibitors of MYC-dependent transcriptional signaling, efforts to modulate MYC stability, and the elusive goal of developing potent, direct-acting inhibitors of MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McKeown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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445
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Jansen SR, Holman R, Hedemann I, Frankes E, Elzinga CRS, Timens W, Gosens R, de Bont ES, Schmidt M. Prostaglandin E2 promotes MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma cell survival via β-catenin stabilization. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:210-26. [PMID: 25266063 PMCID: PMC4288364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of MYCN is the most well-known prognostic marker of neuroblastoma risk classification, but still is only observed in 25% of cases. Recent evidence points to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevating ligand prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and β-catenin as two novel players in neuroblastoma. Here, we aimed to define the potential role of PGE2 and cAMP and its potential interplay with β-catenin, both of which may converge on neuroblastoma cell behaviour. Gain and loss of β-catenin function, PGE2 , the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were studied in two human neuroblastoma cell lines without MYCN amplification. Our findings show that PGE2 enhanced cell viability through the EP4 receptor and cAMP elevation, whereas COX-2 inhibitors attenuated cell viability. Interestingly, PGE2 and forskolin promoted glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition, β-catenin phosphorylation at the protein kinase A target residue ser675, β-catenin nuclear translocation and TCF-dependent gene transcription. Ectopic expression of a degradation-resistant β-catenin mutant enhances neuroblastoma cell viability and inhibition of β-catenin with XAV939 prevented PGE2 -induced cell viability. Finally, we show increased β-catenin expression in human high-risk neuroblastoma tissue without MYCN amplification. Our data indicate that PGE2 enhances neuroblastoma cell viability, a process which may involve cAMP-mediated β-catenin stabilization, and suggest that this pathway is of relevance to high-risk neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepp R Jansen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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446
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Yan B, Kuick CH, Lim M, Venkataraman K, Tennakoon C, Loh E, Lian D, Leong MY, Lakshmanan M, Tergaonkar V, Sung WK, Soh SY, Chang KTE. Platform comparison for evaluation of ALK protein immunohistochemical expression, genomic copy number and hotspot mutation status in neuroblastomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106575. [PMID: 25188507 PMCID: PMC4154751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ALK is an established causative oncogenic driver in neuroblastoma, and is likely to emerge as a routine biomarker in neuroblastoma diagnostics. At present, the optimal strategy for clinical diagnostic evaluation of ALK protein, genomic and hotspot mutation status is not well-studied. We evaluated ALK immunohistochemical (IHC) protein expression using three different antibodies (ALK1, 5A4 and D5F3 clones), ALK genomic status using single-color chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), and ALK hotspot mutation status using conventional Sanger sequencing and a next-generation sequencing platform (Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (IT-PGM)), in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded neuroblastoma samples. We found a significant difference in IHC results using the three different antibodies, with the highest percentage of positive cases seen on D5F3 immunohistochemistry. Correlation with ALK genomic and hotspot mutational status revealed that the majority of D5F3 ALK-positive cases did not possess either ALK genomic amplification or hotspot mutations. Comparison of sequencing platforms showed a perfect correlation between conventional Sanger and IT-PGM sequencing. Our findings suggest that D5F3 immunohistochemistry, single-color CISH and IT-PGM sequencing are suitable assays for evaluation of ALK status in future neuroblastoma clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (BY); (KTEC)
| | - Chik Hong Kuick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malcolm Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kavita Venkataraman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eva Loh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derrick Lian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Ying Leong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Mouse Models for Human Cancer Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Mouse Models for Human Cancer Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wing-Kin Sung
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- Haematology/Oncology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth T. E. Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (BY); (KTEC)
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447
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Izumi H, Kaneko Y. Trim32 Facilitates Degradation of MYCN on Spindle Poles and Induces Asymmetric Cell Division in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5620-30. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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448
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Abstract
MYC expression is tightly correlated with cell-cycle progression in normal tissues, whereas unchecked MYC expression is among the most prominent hallmarks of the hyperproliferation associated with most forms of cancer. At first glance it might seem counterintuitive that MYC is also among the most robust agents of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in mammalian cells. However it is clearly beneficial for a multicellular organism to have a mechanism for triggering death in cells that express potentially oncogenic levels of MYC. Decades of intense study have begun to provide an understanding of the mechanisms that regulate MYC's seemingly split personality. Key features of MYC-induced apoptosis will be discussed here along with examples of how our understanding of this pathway might be exploited for the therapeutic benefit of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B McMahon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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449
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Johnston LA. Socializing with MYC: cell competition in development and as a model for premalignant cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a014274. [PMID: 24692189 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies in Drosophila and mammals have made it clear that genetic mutations that arise in somatic tissues are rapidly recognized and eliminated, suggesting that cellular fitness is tightly monitored. During development, damaged, mutant, or otherwise unfit cells are prevented from contributing to the tissue and are instructed to die, whereas healthy cells benefit and populate the animal. This cell selection process, known as cell competition, eliminates somatic genetic heterogeneity and promotes tissue fitness during development. Yet cell competition also has a dark side. Super competition can be exploited by incipient cancers to subvert cellular cooperation and promote selfish behavior. Evidence is accumulating that MYC plays a key role in regulation of social behavior within tissues. Given the high number of tumors with deregulated MYC, studies of cell competition promise to yield insight into how the local environment yields to and participates in the early stages of tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Johnston
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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450
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Conacci-Sorrell M, McFerrin L, Eisenman RN. An overview of MYC and its interactome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a014357. [PMID: 24384812 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to provide a broad outline of the biological and molecular functions of MYC as well as of the larger protein network within which MYC operates. We present a view of MYC as a sensor that integrates multiple cellular signals to mediate a broad transcriptional response controlling many aspects of cell behavior. We also describe the larger transcriptional network linked to MYC with emphasis on the MXD family of MYC antagonists. Last, we discuss evidence that the network has evolved for millions of years, dating back to the emergence of animals.
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