401
|
Olakolu FC, Chukwuka AV. Trace metal concentrations and antioxidant activity in ovarian tissue of blue crabCallinectes amnicolafrom Lagos lagoon and implications for reproductive success. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21658005.2014.912074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
402
|
Jahan S, Zahra A, Irum U, Iftikhar N, Ullah H. Protective effects of different antioxidants against cadmium induced oxidative damage in rat testis and prostate tissues. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 60:199-205. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.912363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
403
|
Khorrami A, Ghanbarzadeh S, Ziaee M, Arami S, Vajdi R, Garjani A. Dietary cholesterol and oxidised cholesterol: effects on sperm characteristics, antioxidant status and hormonal profile in rats. Andrologia 2014; 47:310-7. [PMID: 24620776 DOI: 10.1111/and.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was designed to compare the potential effects of high serum levels of LDL and oxidised LDL (OxLDL) on spermatogenesis parameters in male Wistar rats. Animals were allocated into three groups and were fed for 14 weeks with normal, cholesterol-rich and oxidised cholesterol-rich diets. Blood lipid profile, sex hormones level, as well as sex organs weight were evaluated. The sex organs weight in oxidised cholesterol-fed group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Spermatozoa count in the group with high serum concentration of OxLDL (64 ± 4.2 × 10(6) ) was markedly lower (P < 0.01) than that of normal rats (87 ± 4.1 × 10(6) ) and rats with high serum level of LDL (90 ± 6.3 × 10(6) ). Similarly, the percentage of viable spermatozoa was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased from 78% to 52% by high level of OxLDL in serum. While, nonoxidised LDL did not have suppressive effects on spermatogenesis and organs weight. Consistent with these effects, the serum concentration of sex hormones including FSH (P < 0.001), LH (P < 0.001) and testosterone (P < 0.01) was significantly decreased only in rats with high level of OxLDL but not in rats with high level of nonoxidised LDL. In conclusion, high OxLDL level showed higher destructive effect on reproductive system compared to the high LDL level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Khorrami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
404
|
Bharti S, Misro MM, Rai U. Quercetin supplementation restores testicular function and augments germ cell survival in the estrogenized rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:10-20. [PMID: 24316378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, as a flavonoid, has been recognized to possess dual properties of an oxidant and antioxidant as well. The role of quercetin (QC), as an antioxidant in countering estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) induced adverse effects and germ cell apoptosis in adult rat testis was presently investigated. Adult rats received EB (0.075 mg/rat/5th day) alone or EB+QC (15 mg/kg bw/alternate day) simultaneously for 30 days. Revival of spermatogenesis following QC intervention was associated with a significant restoration in serum and intra-testicular levels of testosterone. Decline in lipid peroxidation and simultaneous improvement in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione s-transferase were very much evident. Identically, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione demonstrated a marked improvement. QC augmented germ cell survival leading to a decrease in cell apoptosis. Expression of downstream apoptotic markers, caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) presented a significant reduction. Down regulation with respect to upstream markers, caspase-8 and -9, Fas, FasL, Bax, and p53 was similarly observed. Taken together, the above findings indicate that with the dose presently used quercetin with its antioxidant and antiestrogenic properties restored testicular function leading to revival of spermatogenesis. It also augmented germ cell survival primarily mediated through downregulation in the expressions of upstream, downstream and other markers in the pathways of metazoan apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bharti
- Department of Reproductive Biomedicine, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - M M Misro
- Department of Reproductive Biomedicine, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
405
|
Maremanda KP, Khan S, Jena G. Zinc protects cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage in rat: Involvement of metallothionein, tesmin and Nrf2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:591-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
406
|
Boeira SP, Filho CB, Del'Fabbro L, Roman SS, Royes LFF, Fighera MR, Jessé CR, Oliveira MS, Furian AF. Lycopene treatment prevents hematological, reproductive and histopathological damage induced by acute zearalenone administration in male Swiss mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:179-85. [PMID: 24503513 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin commonly found as a contaminant in cereals. ZEA toxicity targets mainly the reproductive system, and oxidative stress plays an etiological role in its toxic effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of lycopene, a potent carotenoid antioxidant, on markers of oxidative stress in liver, kidney and testes, and on reproductive, hematological and histopathological parameters after ZEA administration. Adult Swiss albino male mice received lycopene (20mg/kg, p.o.) for ten days before a single oral administration of ZEA (40mg/kg, p.o.), and 48h thereafter tissues (liver, kidney, testes and blood) were collected for biochemical, hematological and histological analyses. Lycopene prevented ZEA-induced changes in hematological parameters (increased number of leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, sticks, eosinophils and monocytes and decreased number of red blood cells (RBC), number of lymphocytes and platelets). Moreover, lycopene prevented the reduction in the number and motility of spermatozoa and the testicular tissue damage induced by ZEA. In addition, lycopene prevented the decrease in glutathione-S-transferase activity in kidney and testes and increased glutathione-S-transferase activity per se in the liver, kidneys and testes as well as superoxide dismutase activity in the liver. In summary, lycopene was able to prevent ZEA-induced acute toxic effects in male mice, suggesting that this antioxidant carotenoid may represent a promising prophylactic strategy against ZEA toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Lucian Del'Fabbro
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvane Souza Roman
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Campus de Erechim, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Ricardo Jessé
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
407
|
Chen JP, Xu DEG, Yu XY, Zhao FM, Xu DQ, Zhang X, Cai BC, Wang MY. Discrepancy between the effects of morronside on apoptosis in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells and lung cancer A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:927-932. [PMID: 24944645 PMCID: PMC3961276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Morroniside is a water-soluble compound extracted from the fruit of Cornus officinalis and is used to protect lung activity against aging. In the present study, the manner in which morroniside regulates normal lung and cancer cells was examined. The human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cell line and lung cancer A549 cell line, and their responses to morroniside treatment, were examined. Results showed that morroniside reverses the apoptotic effect of H2O2 on HELF cell growth, protecting cell proliferation and normal cell morphology and inhibiting apoptosis. However, these effects were not present in A549 cells. Western blotting showed that morroniside also markedly downregulated retinoblastoma protein in HELF cells. These results suggest that morroniside treatment exhibits different effects on apoptosis in HELF and A549 cells, making it a viable compound for decreasing the side effects of anticancer medicines in normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - DE-Guo Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Chang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
408
|
Merra E, Calzaretti G, Bobba A, Storelli MM, Casalino E. Antioxidant role of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress in cadmium-intoxicated rats: different effect in spleen and testes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:420-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.878950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
409
|
Hansen DA, Esakky P, Drury A, Lamb L, Moley KH. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is important for proper seminiferous tubule architecture and sperm development in mice. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:8. [PMID: 24174576 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is known for its roles in xenobiotic metabolism and essential physiologic processes such as cell growth, death, and differentiation. AHR is also an important regulator of male reproductive processes. However, no studies have characterized the consequences of loss of AHR in spermatogenesis. We used Ahr knockout (Ahr(-/-)) mice to assess the effects of loss of AHR on the architecture and gene expression of the seminiferous epithelium and functional sperm outcomes. The histopathological defects of the Ahr(-/-)seminiferous epithelium included vacuoles, multinucleated giant cells, hypocellularity with widened intercellular spaces, apical sloughing, and an excess number of retained elongated spermatids. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significant down-regulation of Testin and Magea4, indicating Sertoli cell and spermatogenic dysregulation. Moreover, the reduced expression of Hspa2, Prm1, and Prm2 as well as decreased expression of Nrf2, Sod2, and Ucp2 suggested poorly remodeled germ cells with increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. In wild-type sperm, AHR protein was localized to the acrosome and the principal piece of the mature sperm flagellum. The in vitro fertilization rate was significantly lower with Ahr(-/-) sperm as compared to wild-type sperm, and there were morphologic abnormalities of the Ahr(-/-) sperm head and tail. Taken together, our data indicate that AHR plays an important role in normal sperm development.
Collapse
|
410
|
Opuwari CS, Monsees TK. Reduced testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells treated withAspalathus linearis(Rooibos) orCamellia sinensis(tea). Andrologia 2014; 47:52-8. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Opuwari
- Department of Medical Biosciences; University of the Western Cape; Bellville South Africa
| | - T. K. Monsees
- Department of Medical Biosciences; University of the Western Cape; Bellville South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
411
|
Guerriero G, Trocchia S, Abdel-Gawad FK, Ciarcia G. Roles of reactive oxygen species in the spermatogenesis regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:56. [PMID: 24795696 PMCID: PMC4001055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process of male germ cells proliferation and maturation from diploid spermatogonia, through meiosis, to mature haploid spermatozoa. The process involves dynamic interactions between the developing germ cells and their supporting Sertoli cells. The gonadal tissue, with abundance of highly unsaturated fatty acids, high rates of cell division, and variety of testis enzymes results very vulnerable to the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to address this risk, testis has developed a sophisticated array of antioxidant systems comprising both enzymes and free radical scavengers. This chapter sets out the major pathways of testis generation, the metabolism of ROS, and highlights the transcriptional regulation by steroid receptors of antioxidant stress enzymes and their functional implications. It also deals with of the advantages of the system biology for an antioxidant under steroid control, the major selenoprotein expressed by germ cells in the testis, the phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx/GPx4) having multiple functions and representing the pivotal link between selenium, sperm quality, and species preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CIRAM, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Guerriero, Department of Biology, Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone, 8, Naples 80134, Italy e-mail:
| | - Samantha Trocchia
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fagr K. Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Center (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gaetano Ciarcia
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- CIRAM, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
412
|
Rodríguez-González GL, Reyes-Castro LA, Vega CC, Boeck L, Ibáñez C, Nathanielsz PW, Larrea F, Zambrano E. Accelerated aging of reproductive capacity in male rat offspring of protein-restricted mothers is associated with increased testicular and sperm oxidative stress. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9721. [PMID: 25354645 PMCID: PMC4213342 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction (MPR) in pregnancy causes life course organ dysfunction, but few studies link the developmental origins of disease hypothesis to early aging. Suboptimal developmental nutrition increases oxidative stress (OS) and male infertility, damaging sperm function. We hypothesized that MPR in pregnancy accelerates age-related changes in testicular and sperm function related to both maternal diet and increased testicular OS in rat offspring. We studied male rats whose pregnant mothers ate either control (C, 20 % casein) or restricted (R, 10 % casein) isocaloric diet. After birth, mothers and offspring ate C diet. Testes were retrieved at 19 days gestation and across the life course (postnatal day (PND) 21, 36, 110, and 850) to measure OS markers, antioxidant enzymes, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone, and PND 110 sperm OS and quality. Fertility rate was evaluated at PND 110, 450, and 850. Offspring showed age- and MPR-related changes in testosterone, testicular OS markers and antioxidant enzymes and fertility, and maternal diet-related OS and sperm antioxidant enzyme changes. Developmental programming is considered a key factor in predisposing to chronic disease. Our data show that programming also plays an important role in aging trajectory. This interaction is a little studied area in aging biology that merits more investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico Mexico
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico Mexico
| | - Claudia C. Vega
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico Mexico
| | - Lourdes Boeck
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico Mexico
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico Mexico
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- />Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research; Department of Obstetrics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Fernando Larrea
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- />Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000 Mexico Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
413
|
Rastogi D, Narayan R, Saxena DK, Chowdhuri DK. Endosulfan induced cell death in Sertoli-germ cells of male Wistar rat follows intrinsic mode of cell death. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 94:104-15. [PMID: 24125708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Health of germ cells may affect production of quality gametes either due to endogenous or exogenous factors. Pesticides are among the exogenous factors that can enter the organisms through various routes of exposure and also can affect the reproductive system of an organism. Endosulfan is an organochlorine cyclodiene pesticide used widely for controlling agricultural pests. It has been shown to induce reproductive dysfunctions such as sperm abnormalities, reduced intracellular spermatid count in exposed organisms. Germ cells being the progenitor cells for male gametes and Sertoli cells as their nourishing cells, we examined whether endosulfan induces cell death in Sertoli-germ cells of male rats. Sertoli-germ cells, isolated from 28 d old male Wistar rats, were exposed to endosulfan (2.0, 20.0 and 40.0 μg mL(-1)) for 24-72 h. Cytotoxicity, endosulfan concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative stress parameters were measured in these cells in the absence or presence of endosulfan for the above mentioned exposure periods and subsequently, cell death endpoints were measured. We detected endosulfan in the exposed cells and demonstrated increased cell death in exposed Sertoli-germ cells as evidenced by a significant increase in annexin-V staining, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, caspase-9 and -3 activities and BAD and PARP cleavage activities and DNA ladder formation along with non-significant increase in autophagic cell death. The study suggests that endosulfan can cause cell death in exposed Sertoli-germ cells due to higher oxidative damage with the activation of intrinsic cell death pathway which may eventually affect the production of quality gametes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rastogi
- Embryotoxicology Section & Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
414
|
Aitken RJ. Age, the environment and our reproductive future: bonking baby boomers and the future of sex. Reproduction 2013; 147:S1-S11. [PMID: 24194569 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There has never been a greater need for scientists trained in reproductive science. Most developed countries are witnessing unprecedented rates of recourse to assisted conception sitting cheek-by-jowl with high rates of induced abortion. This article addresses these two incongruous faces of reproductive healthcare. Every year at least 44 million abortions are performed worldwide, many under unsafe and insanitary conditions that carry a significant risk to the lives of women deprived of safe, effective methods for controlling their fertility. Although birth control is a complex issue involving myriad social and political factors, the technical vacuum in this area is significant. Through no fault of the family planning authorities, there have been no radically new methods of fertility control since the oral contraceptive pill was introduced in 1960 and even this contribution to planned parenthood has its roots in the biochemistry of the 1920s and 1930s. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry has, by and large, turned its back on fundamental research activities in this area. At present, our major investment in reproductive healthcare involves treating ever-increasing numbers of couples with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). However, these treatments are often delivered without critically considering the underlying causes of this condition or seriously contemplating the long-term consequences of the current enthusiasm for such therapy. Significantly, the clinical factors underpinning the commitment of couples to ART include advanced maternal age and a variety of lifestyle factors, such as smoking and obesity, which are known to compromise the developmental potential of the oocyte and DNA integrity in spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and IT, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
415
|
Radhakrishnakartha H, Appu AP, Indira M. Ascorbic acid supplementation enhances recovery from ethanol induced inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenesis than abstention in male guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:73-9. [PMID: 24333212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ascorbic acid supplementation against ethanol induced Leydig cell toxicity was studied in guinea pigs. Male guinea pigs were exposed to ethanol (4g/kgb.wt.) for 90 days. After 90 days, ethanol administration was completely stopped and animals in the ethanol group were divided into abstention group and ascorbic acid supplemented group (25mg/100gb.wt.) and those in control group were maintained as control and control+ascorbic acid group. Ethanol administration reduced the serum testosterone and LH (luteinising hormone) levels and elevated estradiol levels. Cholesterol levels in Leydig cell were increased whereas the mRNA and protein expressions of StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein, cytochrome P450scc (cytochrome p450side chain cleavage enzyme), 3β-HSD (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), 17β-HSD (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and LH receptor were drastically reduced. Administration of ascorbic acid resulted in alteration of all these parameters indicating enhanced recovery from ethanol induced inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Although abstention could also reduce the inhibition of steroidogenesis, this was lesser in comparison with ascorbic acid supplemented group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madambath Indira
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-695581, India.
| |
Collapse
|
416
|
Rifaioglu MM, Motor S, Davarci I, Tuzcu K, Sefil F, Davarci M, Nacar A. Protective effect of ebselen on experimental testicular torsion and detorsion injury. Andrologia 2013; 46:1134-40. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Rifaioglu
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - S. Motor
- Department of Biochemistry; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - I. Davarci
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - K. Tuzcu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - F. Sefil
- Department of Physiology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - M. Davarci
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - A. Nacar
- Department of Histology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
417
|
Kim SH, Lee IC, Baek HS, Shin IS, Moon C, Kim SH, Yun WK, Nam KH, Kim HC, Kim JC. Melatonin prevents gentamicin-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Andrologia 2013; 46:1032-40. [PMID: 24188423 DOI: 10.1111/and.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of melatonin (MT) against gentamicin (GM)-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative damage in rats. GM (100 mg kg(-1) ) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats for 6 days. MT (15 mg kg(-1) ) was administered i.p. to rats for 6 days at 1 hr after the GM treatment. GM caused a decrease in prostate and seminal vesicle weights, sperm count and sperm motility. Histopathological examination showed various morphological alterations in the testis, characterised by degeneration of spermatogonia/spermatocytes, decrease in the number of early spermatogenic cells and vacuolisation. In addition, an increased malondialdehyde concentration and decreased glutathione content and glutathione reductase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were found in the testis. In contrast, MT treatment significantly attenuated the testicular toxicity of GM, including decreased reproductive organ weights, sperm count, and sperm motility and increased histopathological alterations. MT also had an antioxidant benefit by decreasing the lipid peroxidative product malondialdehyde and increasing the level of the antioxidant glutathione and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the testis. These results indicate that MT prevents testicular toxicity induced by GM in rats, presumably due to its potent antioxidant activity, and its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, and restore antioxidant enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-H Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
418
|
Katı C, Karadas S, Aslan M, Gonullu H, Duran L, Demir H. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and oxidative stress levels in patients with SSRI intoxication. J Membr Biol 2013; 247:17-21. [PMID: 24186356 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical route of damage in various psychological stress-induced disorders, such as depression. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) plays an important role as an endogenous free-radical scavenging molecule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of serum PON1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) intoxication. A total of 11 patients with SSRI intoxication and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as the paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, were measured spectrophotometrically. The serum TAC levels and the paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower (for all, p < 0.001), whereas the serum MDA levels were significantly higher in the patients with SSRI intoxication than in the controls (p < 0.001). These results indicated that decreased PON1 activity and increased oxidative stress represent alternative mechanisms in SSRI toxicity. More studies are needed to elucidate the role of PON1 activity in the etiology of SSRI intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celal Katı
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
419
|
Abstract
Human spermatozoa are highly complex specialized cells designed to survive a long and perilous journey from the site of insemination to the upper reaches of the female reproductive tract where fertilization occurs. During this journey, these cells have to run the gauntlet laid down by the female immune system and time their physiological maturation so that as soon as an egg appears in the Fallopian tube, they are equipped to recognize this cell and participate in a remarkable cascade of cellular interactions culminating in fertilization. Despite their high level of specialization, human spermatozoa are notoriously inadequate and appear to be major contributors to the poor fertility that characterizes our species. Defective spermatozoa are also known to have a major impact on the progress of pregnancy and the health trajectory of the offspring, resulting in paternally mediated increases in miscarriage rate and a range of diseases in the progeny, including dominant genetic diseases and cancer. The causes of defective sperm function are complex and involve both genetic and environmental impacts, as well as paternal age. Where genetic factors are involved, there is a concern that the widespread use of assisted conception technologies will serve to enhance the retention of poor fertility genes in the population such that the more we use assisted reproductive technologies in one generation the more we shall need them in the next. These observations may have important implications for the health and well-being of children and for the provision of reproductive healthcare services for future generations.
Collapse
|
420
|
Türk G, Çeribaşı S, Sönmez M, Çiftçi M, Yüce A, Güvenç M, Kaya ŞÖ, Çay M, Aksakal M. Ameliorating effect of pomegranate juice consumption on carbon tetrachloride-induced sperm damages, lipid peroxidation, and testicular apoptosis. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:126-37. [PMID: 24081635 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713499600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether pomegranate juice (PJ) consumption has an ameliorating effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced sperm damages and testicular apoptosis associated with the oxidative stress in male rats. The study comprised of four groups (groups 1-4). Group 1 received olive oil + distilled water daily; group 2 was treated with 5 ml/kg PJ + olive oil daily; group 3 was treated with 0.25 ml/kg CCl4 dissolved in olive oil, weekly + distilled water daily; and group 4 received weekly CCl4 + daily PJ. All administrations were performed by gavage and maintained for 10 weeks. CCl4 administration caused significant decreases in body and reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, concentration and testicular catalase activity, significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and abnormal sperm rate and apoptotic index along with some histopathological damages when compared with the control group. However, significant ameliorations were observed in absolute weights of testis and epididymis, all sperm quality parameters, MDA level, apoptotic index, and testicular histopathological structure following the administration of CCl4 together with PJ when compared with group given CCl4 only. In conclusion, PJ consumption ameliorates the CCl4-induced damages in male reproductive organs and cells by decreasing the lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaffari Türk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Songül Çeribaşı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sönmez
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiftçi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Abdurrauf Yüce
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Özer Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mesut Aksakal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
421
|
Mitra S, Srivastava A, Khandelwal S. Tributyltin chloride induced testicular toxicity by JNK and p38 activation, redox imbalance and cell death in sertoli-germ cell co-culture. Toxicology 2013; 314:39-50. [PMID: 24055800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of tributyltin (TBT) as biocides in antifouling paints and agricultural chemicals has led to environmental and marine pollution. Human exposure occurs mainly through TBT contaminated seafood and drinking water. It is a well known endocrine disruptor in mammals, but its molecular mechanism in testicular damage is largely unexplored. This study was therefore, designed to ascertain effects of tributyltin chloride (TBTC) on sertoli-germ cell co-culture in ex-vivo and in the testicular tissue in-vivo conditions. An initial Ca(2+) rise followed by ROS generation and glutathione depletion resulted in oxidative damage and cell death. We observed p38 and JNK phosphorylation, stress proteins (Nrf2, MT and GST) induction and mitochondrial depolarization leading to caspase-3 activation. Prevention of TBTC reduced cell survival and cell death by Ca(2+) inhibitors and free radical scavengers specify definitive role of Ca(2+) and ROS. Sertoli cells were found to be more severely affected which in turn can hamper germ cells functionality. TBTC exposure in-vivo resulted in increased tin content in the testis with enhanced Evans blue leakage into the testicular tissue indicating blood-testis barrier disruption. Tesmin levels were significantly diminished and histopathological studies revealed marked tissue damage. Our data collectively indicates the toxic manifestations of TBTC on the male reproductive system and the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumonto Mitra
- Immunotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), P.O. Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
422
|
Sönmez M, Türk G, Çeribaşı S, Çiftçi M, Yüce A, Güvenç M, Özer Kaya Ş, Çay M, Aksakal M. Quercetin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats. Andrologia 2013; 46:848-58. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sönmez
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - G. Türk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - S. Çeribaşı
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - M. Çiftçi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - A. Yüce
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - M. Güvenç
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - Ş. Özer Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - M. Çay
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - M. Aksakal
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
423
|
Qu RJ, Wang XH, Feng MB, Li Y, Liu HX, Wang LS, Wang ZY. The toxicity of cadmium to three aquatic organisms (Photobacterium phosphoreum, Daphnia magna and Carassius auratus) under different pH levels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:83-90. [PMID: 23769002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of pH on cadmium toxicity to three aquatic organisms: Photobacterium phosphoreum, Daphnia magna and Carassius auratus. The acute toxicity of Cd(2+) to P. phosphoreum and D. magna at five pH values (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0) was assessed by calculating EC50 values. We determined that Cd(2+) was least toxic under acidic conditions, and D. magna was more sensitive to the toxicity of Cd than P. phosphoreum. To evaluate Cd(2+)-induced hepatic oxidative stress in C. auratus at three pH levels (5.0, 7.25, 9.0), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), the level of glutathione and the malondialdehyde content in the liver were measured. Oxidative damage was observed after 7d Cd exposure at pH 9.0. An important finding of the current research was that Cd(2+) was generally more toxic to the three test organisms in alkaline environments than in acidic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R-J Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
424
|
Zhang S, Jiang C, Liu H, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Zhang C, Lei R, Xia T, Gao H, Yang L, Chen Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yu L, Wang Z, Wang A. Fluoride-elicited developmental testicular toxicity in rats: Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory response. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:206-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
425
|
Tóthová L, Hodosy J, Mettenburg K, Fábryová H, Wagnerová A, Bábíčková J, Okuliarová M, Zeman M, Celec P. No harmful effect of different Coca-cola beverages after 6 months of intake on rat testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:343-8. [PMID: 24001441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory recently reported that a 3-month exposure of rats to cola-like beverages induced sex hormone changes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various types of Coca-cola intake with different composition for 6 months on oxidative status in testes and testosterone in adult male rats. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided into control group drinking water, and groups drinking different Coca-cola beverages (regular Coca-cola, Coca-cola caffeine-free, Coca-cola Light and Coca-cola Zero). Oxidative and carbonyl stress markers were measured in the testicular tissue to assess oxidative status together with testicular and plasma testosterone. StAR expression in testes as a marker of steroidogenesis was quantified. No significant differences were found between the groups in any of the measured parameters. In conclusion, oxidative and carbonyl stress in testicular tissue were not influenced by drinking any type of Coca-cola. Additionally, testosterone in testes and in plasma, as well as testicular StAR expression were comparable among the groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
426
|
Butler MW, Karanfilian B, Homsher M, McGraw KJ. Carotenoid supplementation during adulthood, but not development, decreases testis size in mallards. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 166:465-9. [PMID: 23911982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional constraints on reproduction are well-characterized in female animals, but rarely have particular nutrients been linked to male reproductive investments. Carotenoid pigments promote egg-laying and fertility in several animals, and are displayed externally within secondary sex traits by males of many colorful species to attract mates, but it is unclear if or how carotenoids affect male primary sex traits. We manipulated carotenoid availability in the diet of male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during both development and adulthood to determine effects on size and carotenoid content of the testes. We found that developmental carotenoid manipulations did not affect testis size or carotenoid concentration, but that increased carotenoid dietary levels at adulthood resulted in more carotenoid-rich, but smaller, testes. This latter result was surprising, given positive correlations in mammals between testicle size and carotenoid concentration. We also found negative correlations between testis size and carotenoid concentration for individual ducks, regardless of dietary treatment. These results suggest that carotenoid deposition into testis tissue can reduce investment in gonad size (and thus overall sperm count), although the functional consequences of this relationship remain to be tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Butler
- Lafayette College, Department of Biology, Easton, PA, 18042-1778, USA; Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
427
|
|
428
|
Gavella M, Lipovac V. Protective effects of exogenous gangliosides on ROS-induced changes in human spermatozoa. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:375-81. [PMID: 23503425 PMCID: PMC3739653 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the available evidence on the efficacy of gangliosides to reduce the degree of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage. The antioxidative efficacy of exogenous gangliosides in protecting different cells encouraged us to examine their ability to protect human spermatozoa. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids with strong amphiphilic character due to the bulky headgroup made of several sugar rings with sialic acid residues and the double-tailed hydrophobic lipid moiety. The amphiphilicity of gangliosides allows them to exist as micelles in aqueous media when they are present at a concentration above their critical micellar concentration. The protective effect of ganglioside micelles on spermatozoa is believed to stem from their ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent their damaging effects. In our study, we particularly focused our attention on the protective effect of ganglioside micelles on DNA in human spermatozoa exposed to cryopreservation. The results indicate that ganglioside micelles can modulate the hydrophobic properties of the sperm membrane to increase tolerance to DNA fragmentation, thus protecting the DNA from cryopreservation-induced damage. Further actions of ganglioside micelles, which were documented by biochemical and biophysical studies, included (i) the modulation of superoxide anion generation by increasing the diffusion barrier for membrane events responsible for signal translocation to the interior of the cell; (ii) the inhibition of iron-catalysed hydroxyl radical formation due to the iron chelation potential of gangliosides; and (iii) inhibition of hydrogen peroxide diffusion across the sperm membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Gavella
- Reproductive Biochemistry and Cell Metabolism Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
429
|
Jena K, Kumar Kar P, Kausar Z, Babu CS. Effects of temperature on modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in testes of tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta. J Therm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
430
|
Azari O, Gholipour H, Kheirandish R, Babaei H, Emadi L. Study of the protective effect of vitamin C on testicular tissue following experimental unilateral cryptorchidism in rats. Andrologia 2013; 46:495-503. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Azari
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman Iran
| | - H. Gholipour
- Post-graduate Student of Veterinary Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University; Shiraz Iran
| | - R. Kheirandish
- Department of Pathobiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman Iran
| | - H. Babaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman Iran
| | - L. Emadi
- Department of Basic Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman Iran
| |
Collapse
|
431
|
Greenop KR, Peters S, Bailey HD, Fritschi L, Attia J, Scott RJ, Glass DC, de Klerk NH, Alvaro F, Armstrong BK, Milne E. Exposure to pesticides and the risk of childhood brain tumors. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1269-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
432
|
Abstract
Ageing is a process characterized by a progressive decline in cellular function, organismal fitness and increased risk of age-related diseases and death. Several hundred theories have attempted to explain this phenomenon. One of the most popular is the 'oxidative stress theory', originally termed the 'free radical theory'. The endocrine system seems to have a role in the modulation of oxidative stress; however, much less is known about the role that oxidative stress might have in the ageing of the endocrine system and the induction of age-related endocrine diseases. This Review outlines the interactions between hormones and oxidative metabolism and the potential effects of oxidative stress on ageing of endocrine organs. Many different mechanisms that link oxidative stress and ageing are discussed, all of which converge on the induction or regulation of inflammation. All these mechanisms, including cell senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction and microRNA dysregulation, as well as inflammation itself, could be targets of future studies aimed at clarifying the effects of oxidative stress on ageing of endocrine glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino (MI) 20095, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
433
|
Wu HJ, Liu C, Duan WX, Xu SC, He MD, Chen CH, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Yu ZP, Zhang L, Chen Y. Melatonin ameliorates bisphenol A-induced DNA damage in the germ cells of adult male rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 752:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
434
|
Chen SJ, Allam JP, Duan YG, Haidl G. Influence of reactive oxygen species on human sperm functions and fertilizing capacity including therapeutical approaches. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288:191-9. [PMID: 23543240 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an array of molecules including oxygen-centered radicals, which are endowed with one or more unpaired electrons and non-radical oxygen derivatives such as hydrogen peroxide, which behave, to a large extent, like a double-edged sword in human sperm biology. This study aimed to overview the current knowledge of ROS in sperm physiology and pathology, as well as related therapies in spermatozoal dysfunction. METHODS We performed this study by searching for keywords from PUBMED, including reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, sperm function, and antioxidant therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Low levels of ROS exert critical function in normal sperm physiology, such as fertilizing ability (acrosome reaction, hyperactivation, capacitation, and chemotaxis) and sperm motility; while increased ROS generation and/or decreased antioxidant capacity leads to the imbalance between oxidation and reduction in living systems, which is called sperm oxidative stress. This condition was widely considered to be a significant contributory factor to sperm DNA damage/apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and reduced motility, which in turn, increased risk of male factor infertility/subfertility and birth defects. Under the current status quo, numerous subsequent studies have concentrated on antioxidant therapy. Although utility of such a therapeutic strategy significantly improved sperm function and motility in a myriad of experimental and clinical reports, the overall effectiveness still remains controversial mainly due to non-standardized assay to measure the level of ROS and sperm DNA damage, various antioxidant supplementation strategies, and inadequate fertilization and pregnancy data after clinical treatment. Therefore, standardized assessment and evaluation of ROS and total antioxidant capacity in semen should be established to keep ROS in a physiological level and prevent over-treatment of antioxidants toward reductive stress, which should be kept in mind, especially in assisted reproductive procedure. Moreover, the significance of large sample size populations, double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of antioxidant therapies is emphasized in this review to achieve optimal ingredients and dosage of antioxidants for patients with reactive oxygen-induced male fertility/subfertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jian Chen
- Department of Dermatology/Andrology Unit, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
435
|
Bal R, Türk G, Tuzcu M, Yılmaz Ö, Kuloğlu T, Baydaş G, Naziroğlu M, Yener Z, Etem E, Tuzcu Z. Effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide, clothianidin, on the reproductive organ system in adult male rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 36:421-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.776575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
436
|
The protective effects of grape seed extract on MDA, AOPP, apoptosis and eNOS expression in testicular torsion: an experimental study. World J Urol 2013; 31:615-22. [PMID: 23475212 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-013-1049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a potent antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. This study was designed to determine whether GSPE could protect against dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by torsion-detorsion injury in rat testis. METHODS A total of 45 male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: control group, sham group, torsion-detorsion (T/D) group, T/D + GSPE group, GSPE group. GSPE was administrated 100 mg/kg/day with oral gavage over seven days before torsion. Testicular torsion was performed for 2 h, and afterward, detorsion was performed for 2 h. The rats were decapitated under ketamine anesthesia, and their testes tissues were removed. Tissue malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products levels, eNOS expression, apoptosis and histopathological damage scores were then compared. RESULTS Testicular torsion-detorsion caused significant increases in malondialdehyde level, apoptosis and eNOS expression level and caused a significant decrease in advanced oxidation protein product levels and testicular spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testes. GSPE prevented the rise in malondialdehyde, apoptosis and eNOS expression and improved testicular morphology and Johnsen's score. CONCLUSIONS As a result, testicular torsion gives rise to serious damage in testes and GSPE is a potent antioxidant agent in preventing testicular injury.
Collapse
|
437
|
Spiazzi CC, Manfredini V, Barcellos da Silva FE, Flores EMM, Izaguirry AP, Vargas LM, Soares MB, Santos FW. γ-Oryzanol protects against acute cadmium-induced oxidative damage in mice testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:526-32. [PMID: 23395783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal that is present at low levels mainly in food and water and also in cigar smoke. The present study evaluated the testicular damage caused by acute cadmium exposure and verified the protective role of γ-oryzanol (ORY). Mice were administrated with a single dose of 2.5mg/kg of CdCl2, and then treated with ORY (50mM in canola oil, 5mL/kg). Testes were removed after 24h and tested for lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonylation, DNA breakage, ascorbic acid, cadmium and non-proteic thiols contents, and for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and δ-aminolevulic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D). Cadmium presented a significant alteration in all parameters, except GPx and CAT activities. Therapy reduced in a slight degree cadmium concentration in testes (around 23%). ORY restored SOD and GST activities as well as TBARS production to the control levels. Furthermore, ORY partially recovered δ-ALA-D activity inhibited by cadmium. This study provides the first evidence on the therapeutic properties of ORY in protecting against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano C Spiazzi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
438
|
Ourique GM, Finamor IA, Saccol EMH, Riffel APK, Pês TS, Gutierrez K, Gonçalves PBD, Baldisserotto B, Pavanato MA, Barreto KP. Resveratrol improves sperm motility, prevents lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant defences in the testes of hyperthyroid rats. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 37:31-9. [PMID: 23391542 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism may lead to a loss of sperm motility and an increase in oxidative stress (OS) in testes and may cause male reproductive disorders. Thus, the use of compounds with antioxidant properties may be a strategy for preventing these disorders. The effect of resveratrol (RSV) on sperm motility and on variables of the antioxidant status in the testes of rats with triiodothyronine-induced hyperthyroidism (100μg/kg) was investigated. Hyperthyroid rats presented lower sperm motility, higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric reactive substances, lower catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and higher glutathione-S-transferase activity in their testes than control animals. RSV treatment (1mg/kg and 10mg/kg) was able to prevent these effects in the hyperthyroid rats and had no effect in the control animals. In conclusion, RSV might be a strategy for therapeutic intervention to preserve sperm motility and to prevent OS in testes, preserving testicular function in those with hyperthyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana M Ourique
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
439
|
Protective effect of ascorbic acid against ethanol-induced reproductive toxicity in male guinea pigs. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:689-98. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of ascorbic acid on alcohol-induced reproductive toxicity and also to compare it with that of abstention. A total of thirty-six male guinea pigs were divided into two groups and were maintained for 90 d as control and ethanol-treated groups (4 g/kg body weight (b.wt.)). After 90 d, ethanol administration was stopped and animals in the control group were divided into two groups and then maintained for 30 d as the control and control+ascorbic acid groups and those in the ethanol-treated group as ethanol abstention and ethanol+ascorbic acid (25 mg/100 g b. wt.) groups. Animals treated with ethanol showed a significant decline in sperm quality (P< 0·001), decreased activity of steroidogenic enzymes (P< 0·05) and reduced serum testosterone (P< 0·05), luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, decrease in the activity of testicular succinate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and reduction in fructose content (P< 0·05). It also caused an increase in testicular malondialdehyde levels (P< 0·05) and decrease in the levels of glutathione content (P< 0·001) of testes. Ascorbic acid levels in testes and plasma were also reduced (P< 0·001) in ethanol-fed animals. Ascorbic acid supplementation altered all these parameters and produced a better and faster recovery from alcohol-induced reproductive toxicity than abstention. The mechanism of action of ascorbic acid may be by reducing the oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status, which eventually changed the microenvironment of testes and enhanced the energy needed for motility of sperms, improved the sperm morphology and elevated the testosterone and gonadotropin levels.
Collapse
|
440
|
Parental alcohol consumption and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 24:391-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
441
|
Palladino MA, Shah A, Tyson R, Horvath J, Dugan C, Karpodinis M. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mc1-1) is a candidate target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in the testis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:104. [PMID: 23216940 PMCID: PMC3556106 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatic cord torsion can lead to testis ischemia (I) and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causing germ cell-specific apoptosis. Previously, we demonstrated that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor, a key regulator of physiological responses to hypoxia, is abundant in Leydig cells in normoxic and ischemic testes. We hypothesize that testicular HIF-1 activates the expression of antiapoptotic target genes to protect Leydig cells from apoptosis. In silico analysis of testis genes containing a consensus hypoxia response element (HRE, 5'-RCGTG-3') identified myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) as a potential HIF-1 target gene. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HIF-1 shows DNA-binding activity in normoxic and ischemic testes and whether Mcl-1 is a target gene of testicular HIF-1. METHODS The testicular HIF-1 DNA-binding capacity was analyzed in vitro using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). MCL-1 protein expression was evaluated by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The binding of testicular HIF-1 to the Mcl-1 gene was examined via chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. RESULTS The ELISA and EMSA assays demonstrated that testicular HIF-1 from normoxic and ischemic testes binds DNA equally strongly, suggesting physiological roles for HIF-1 in the normoxic testis, unlike most tissues in which HIF-1 is degraded under normoxic conditions and is only activated by hypoxia. MCL-1 protein was determined to be abundant in both normoxic and ischemic testes and expressed in Leydig cells. In a pattern identical to that of HIF-1 expression, the steady-state levels of MCL-1 were not significantly affected by I or I/R and MCL-1 co-localized with HIF-1α in Leydig cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis using a HIF-1 antibody revealed sequences enriched for the Mcl-1 promoter. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that, unlike what is observed in most tissues, HIF-1 displays DNA-binding activity in both normoxic and ischemic testes, and Mcl-1 may be a key target gene of testicular HIF-1 with potential roles in the antiapoptotic protection of Leydig cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Palladino
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, NJ 07764, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
442
|
Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolai M, Batavani R, Eslaminejad MB, Sedighi-Gilani M. Effect of zinc ions on differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to male germ cells and some germ cell-specific gene expression in rams. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:137-46. [PMID: 22890879 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report to describe the effects of zinc (Zn) ions on the expression of germ cell (GC) genes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Zn plays an important role in germinal epithelium maintenance, testosterone secretion, differentiation of GCs, and spermatogenesis. In addition, several studies have suggested that MSCs have the potential for differentiation into numerous cells types, including male GCs. In this study, we have treated passage-3 ram BM-MSCs with 0.14 μg/ml Zn sulfate (ZnSO₄) for a period of 21 days with the intent to determine whether Zn treatment can stimulate MSCs to differentiate into male GCs in vitro. We also sought to determine the type of changes seen in MSCs by Zn treatment. Differentiation into male GCs was evaluated by the assessment of expressions of the following GC-specific markers: VASA, PIWIL2, OCT4, beta1 INTEGRIN (ITG b1), DAZL (by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR), and PGP 9.5 (by immunocytochemistry). Also studied were morphological characteristics and changes in alkaline phosphatase activity. Interestingly, Zn upregulated the expressions of VASA and ITG b1 but downregulated PIWIL2 and OCT4. DAZL and PGP 9.5 were not expressed in the treatment group. According to our results, Zn ions did not stimulate BM-MSCs to transdifferentiate into male GCs; however, it changed the expression of GC genes in BM-MSCs. It can be concluded that a possible mechanism by which Zn ions can increase male fertility is by regulation of the expression of testis GC-specific genes in the differentiation process and spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolai
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Serow Highway, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
443
|
Oksay T, Naziroğlu M, Doğan S, Güzel A, Gümral N, Koşar PA. Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative injury in rat testis induced by wireless (2.45 GHz) devices. Andrologia 2012; 46:65-72. [PMID: 23145464 DOI: 10.1111/and.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless devices have become part of everyday life and mostly located near reproductive organs while they are in use. The present study was designed to determine the possible protective effects of melatonin on oxidative stress-dependent testis injury induced by 2.45-GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four different groups, namely cage control (A1), sham control (A2), 2.45-GHz EMR (B) and 2.45-GHz EMR+melatonin (C). Group B and C were exposed to 2.45-GHz EMR during 60 min day(-1) for 30 days. Lipid peroxidation levels were higher in Group B than in Group A1 and A2. Melatonin treatment prevented the increase in the lipid peroxidation induced by EMR. Also reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in Group D were higher than that of exposure group. Vitamin A and E concentrations decreased in exposure group, and melatonin prevented the decrease in vitamin E levels. In conclusion, wireless (2.45 GHz) EMR caused oxidative damage in testis by increasing the levels of lipid peroxidation and decreasing in vitamin A and E levels. Melatonin supplementation prevented oxidative damage induced by EMR and also supported the antioxidant redox system in the testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Oksay
- Department of Urology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Naziroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - S Doğan
- Department of Biophysics, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A Güzel
- Department of Urology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - N Gümral
- Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - P A Koşar
- Department Medical Biology and Genetics, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
444
|
González-Marín C, Gosálvez J, Roy R. Types, causes, detection and repair of DNA fragmentation in animal and human sperm cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:14026-52. [PMID: 23203048 PMCID: PMC3509564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration, motility and morphology are parameters commonly used to determine the fertilization potential of an ejaculate. These parameters give a general view on the quality of sperm but do not provide information about one of the most important components of the reproductive outcome: DNA. Either single or double DNA strand breaks can set the difference between fertile and infertile males. Sperm DNA fragmentation can be caused by intrinsic factors like abortive apoptosis, deficiencies in recombination, protamine imbalances or oxidative stress. Damage can also occur due to extrinsic factors such as storage temperatures, extenders, handling conditions, time after ejaculation, infections and reaction to medicines or post-testicular oxidative stress, among others. Two singular characteristics differentiate sperm from somatic cells: Protamination and absence of DNA repair. DNA repair in sperm is terminated as transcription and translation stops post-spermiogenesis, so these cells have no mechanism to repair the damage occurred during their transit through the epididymis and post-ejaculation. Oocytes and early embryos have been shown to repair sperm DNA damage, so the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation depends on the combined effects of sperm chromatin damage and the capacity of the oocyte to repair it. In this contribution we review some of these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara González-Marín
- Sexing Technologies, 22575 State Highway 6 South, Navasota, TX 77868, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Biology Department, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, C/ Darwin nº 2. 28049 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Rosa Roy
- Biology Department, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, C/ Darwin nº 2. 28049 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
445
|
Blueberry extracts protect testis from hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress in rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:975870. [PMID: 23213351 PMCID: PMC3503460 DOI: 10.1155/2012/975870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia causes oxidative damage to male rat reproductive function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a blueberry extract (BB-4) in testis of rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Morphometric analysis, cellular DNA fragmentation, glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were evaluated. Our results showed that supplementation of BB-4 reduced lipid peroxidation, decreased apoptosis, and increased GR and SOD activities in rat testis under hypobaric hypoxia conditions (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrates that blueberry extract significantly reduced the harmful effects of oxidative stress caused by hypobaric hypoxia in rat testis by affecting glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activities.
Collapse
|
446
|
Brennan LJ, Haukedal JA, Earle JC, Keddie B, Harris HL. Disruption of redox homeostasis leads to oxidative DNA damage in spermatocytes of Wolbachia-infected Drosophila simulans. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 21:510-520. [PMID: 22831171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interactions between symbiotic bacteria and their animal hosts are, as yet, poorly understood. The most widespread bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, occurs in high density in testes of infected Drosophila simulans and causes cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), a form of male-derived zygotic lethality. Wolbachia grow and divide within host vacuoles that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn stimulate the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes appear to protect the host from ROS-mediated damage, as there is no obvious fitness cost to Drosophila carrying Wolbachia infections. We have now determined that DNA from Wolbachia-infected mosquito Aedes albopictus (Aa23) cells shows a higher amount of the base 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, than DNA from uninfected cells, and that Wolbachia infection in D. simulans is associated with an increase in DNA strand breaks in meiotic spermatocytes. Feeding exogenous antioxidants to male and female D. simulans dramatically increased Wolbachia numbers with no obvious effects on host fitness. These results suggest that ROS-induced DNA damage in sperm nuclei may contribute to the modification characteristic of CI expression in Wolbachia-infected males and that Wolbachia density is sensitive to redox balance in these flies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Brennan
- Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
447
|
Premalatha R, Jubendradass R, Rani SJA, Srikumar K, Mathur PP. A phytooxysterol, 28-homobrassinolide modulates rat testicular steroidogenesis in normal and diabetic rats. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:589-96. [PMID: 23012313 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112459241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis in testicular cells depends upon the availability of cholesterol within testicular mitochondria besides the activities of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [17b-HSD]), and the tissue levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), androgen-binding protein (ABP), and testosterone (T). Cellular cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by endogenous oxycholesterols acting through nuclear hormone receptors. Plant oxysterols, such as 28-homobrassinolide (28-HB), available to human through diet, was shown to exhibit antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic male rat. Its role in rat testicular steroidogenesis and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was therefore assessed using normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Administration of 28-HB (333 µg/kg body weight) by oral gavage for 15 consecutive days to experimental rats diminished LPO, increased antioxidant enzyme, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD activities, and elevated StAR and ABP expression and T level in rat testis. We report that 28-HB induced steroidogenesis in normal and diabetic rat testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Premalatha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
448
|
García MMS, Acquier A, Suarez G, Gomez NV, Gorostizaga A, Mendez CF, Paz C. Cisplatin inhibits testosterone synthesis by a mechanism that includes the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the level of P450scc. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 199:185-91. [PMID: 22940207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (Cs) is a chemotherapeutic agent able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are linked to several side effects of the drug. Even when it is known that Cs produces Leydig cell dysfunction, it is unknown whether this particular side effect is mediated by ROS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of Cs on testosterone production and the participation of ROS in this effect. We demonstrate that Cs promotes the generation of ROS in a time-, and concentration-dependent fashion, not only in mouse testicular interstitial cells but also in MA-10 Leydig cells. Also, Cs inhibits testosterone synthesis in a concentration-dependent fashion (5-50 μM for 4 h) and to a similar extent, in cells exposed to human chorionic gondadotropin hormone (hCG), to an analog of the second messenger cAMP (8Br-cAMP) or to a freely diffusible cholesterol analog (22R-hydroxycholesterol). However, this treatment does not inhibit the conversion of pregnenolone to testosterone. These data suggest that Cs exerts its inhibitory action on testosterone synthesis by an action at the level of P450scc. We also demonstrated that an antioxidant impairs the inhibitory effect of Cs on the conversion of the cholesterol analog into pregnenolone and that Cs does not change the expression level of P450scc mRNA. Therefore, it is concluded that Cs inhibits testosterone synthesis by a mechanism that includes the inhibition of P450scc by ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Mori Sequeiros García
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
449
|
Elshaari FA, Elfagih RI, Sheriff DS, Barassi IF. Oxidative and antioxidative defense system in testicular torsion/detorsion. Indian J Urol 2012; 27:479-84. [PMID: 22279313 PMCID: PMC3263215 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.91436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was aimed to assess the early effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury on the oxidants and anti-oxidant defense status in rat testicular tissue by measuring MDA, glucose-6-phosphte dehydrogenase activity and reduced glutathione levels in a designated time frame sequel to reperfusion. Animals were divided randomly into six groups (12 animals per group) in the following order: Group I: Sham-operated control group (Cso) without the application of the torsion. Group 2: Torsion-induced ischemia group (T30 m): Ischemia was induced through the torsion of spermatic cord for a period of 30 min. Group 3: One hour reperfusion group after detorsion (T30 mR1 h). Group 4: Twenty-four hour reperfusion group after detorsion (T30 mR24 h). Group 5: Forty-eight hours reperfusion group after detorsion (T30mR48h). Group 6: One week reperfusion group after detorsion (T30mR1wk). Results and Discussion: The oxidant-antioxidant system of the testicular tissue is altered during torsion as well as detorsion which results in the altered activities involved in the key enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt pathway, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity along with a reduction of glutathione (G.SH) content. The increase in G6PDH activity during torsion and followed by an increase in detorsion indicates the tissue's response to counter the oxidant stress caused by reduced blood supply. Continued exposure to such oxidant stressed physiological state of a tissue may lead to decreased capacity of the tissue to perform its physiological function such as testicular steroidogenesis and spermiogenesis shown in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Elshaari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
450
|
Abd El-Monem DD. The modulating effect of melatonin against the genotoxicity of lead acetate. THE JOURNAL OF BASIC & APPLIED ZOOLOGY 2012; 65:223-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobaz.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|