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Guo F, Tan MS, Hu H, Ou YN, Zhang MZ, Sheng ZH, Chi HC, Tan L. sTREM2 Mediates the Correlation Between BIN1 Gene Polymorphism and Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240372. [PMID: 39240638 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) gene polymorphism has been reported to play a role in the pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To explore the association of BIN1 loci with neuroinflammation and AD pathology. Methods Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 495) was the discovery cohort, and Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE, N = 619) study was used to replicate the results. Two BIN1 gene polymorphism (rs7561528 and rs744373) were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression model and causal mediation analysis conducted through 10,000 bootstrapped iterations were used to examine the BIN1 loci relationship with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and alternative biomarker of microglial activation microglia-soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2). Results In ADNI database, we found a significant association between BIN1 loci (rs7561528 and rs744373) and levels of CSF phosphorylated-tau (P-tau) (pc = 0.017; 0.010, respectively) and total-tau (T-tau) (pc = 0.011; 0.013, respectively). The BIN1 loci were also correlated with CSF sTREM2 levels (pc = 0.010; 0.008, respectively). Mediation analysis demonstrated that CSF sTREM2 partially mediated the association of BIN1 loci with P-tau (Proportion of rs7561528 : 20.8%; Proportion of rs744373 : 24.8%) and T-tau (Proportion of rs7561528 : 36.5%; Proportion of rs744373 : 43.9%). The analysis in CABLE study replicated the mediation role of rs7561528. Conclusions This study demonstrated the correlation between BIN1 loci and CSF AD biomarkers as well as microglia biomarkers. Additionally, the link between BIN1 loci and tau pathology was partially mediated by CSF sTREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming-Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ze-Hu Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao-Chen Chi
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Rajendrakumar AL, Arbeev KG, Bagley O, Yashin AI, Ukraintseva S. The association between rs6859 in NECTIN2 gene and Alzheimer's disease is partly mediated by pTau. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1388363. [PMID: 39165837 PMCID: PMC11334082 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1388363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging evidence suggests a connection between vulnerability to infections and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 (NECTIN2) gene coding for a membrane component of adherens junctions is involved in response to infections, and its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6859 was significantly associated with AD risk in several human cohorts. It is unclear, however, how exactly rs6859 influences the development of AD pathology. The aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (pTau) is a key pathological feature of neurodegeneration in AD, which may be induced by infections, among other factors, and potentially influenced by genes involved in both AD and vulnerability to infections, such as NECTIN2. Materials and methods We conducted a causal mediation analysis (CMA) on a sample of 708 participants in the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The relationship between rs6859 and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with AD (yes/no) as the outcome and pTau-181 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acting as a mediator in this association, was assessed. Adjusted estimates from the probit and linear regression models were used in the CMA model, where an additive model considered an increase in dosage of the rs6859 A allele (AD risk factor). Results The increase in dose of allele A of the SNP rs6859 resulted in about 0.144 increase per standard deviation (SD) of pTau-181 (95% CI: 0.041, 0.248, p < 0.01). When included together in the probit model, the change in A allele dose and each standard deviation change in pTau-181 predicted 6.84% and 9.79% higher probabilities for AD, respectively. In the CMA, the proportion of the average mediated effect was 17.05% and was higher for the risk allele homozygotes (AA), at 19.40% (95% CI: 6.20%, 43.00%, p < 0.01). The sensitivity analysis confirmed the evidence of a robust mediation effect. Conclusion This study reported a new potential causal relationship between pTau-181 and AD. We found that the association between rs6859 in the NECTIN2 gene and AD is partly mediated by pTau-181 levels in CSF. The rest of this association may be mediated by other factors. Our finding sheds light on the complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, protein aggregation, and neurodegeneration in AD. Further research, using other biomarkers, is needed to uncover the remaining mechanisms of the association between the NECTIN2 gene and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Ray NR, Kunkle BW, Hamilton‐Nelson K, Kurup JT, Rajabli F, Qiao M, Vardarajan BN, Cosacak MI, Kizil C, Jean‐Francois M, Cuccaro M, Reyes‐Dumeyer D, Cantwell L, Kuzma A, Vance JM, Gao S, Hendrie HC, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi A, Akinyemi RO, Lee W, Martin ER, Wang L, Beecham GW, Bush WS, Xu W, Jin F, Wang L, Farrer LA, Haines JL, Byrd GS, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux R, Pericak‐Vance MA, Reitz C. Extended genome-wide association study employing the African genome resources panel identifies novel susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease in individuals of African ancestry. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5247-5261. [PMID: 38958117 PMCID: PMC11350055 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a two-fold risk, individuals of African ancestry have been underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) genomics efforts. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 2,903 AD cases and 6,265 controls of African ancestry. Within-dataset results were meta-analyzed, followed by functional genomics analyses. RESULTS A novel AD-risk locus was identified in MPDZ on chromosome (chr) 9p23 (rs141610415, MAF = 0.002, p = 3.68×10-9). Two additional novel common and nine rare loci were identified with suggestive associations (P < 9×10-7). Comparison of association and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between datasets with higher and lower degrees of African ancestry showed differential association patterns at chr12q23.2 (ASCL1), suggesting that this association is modulated by regional origin of local African ancestry. DISCUSSION These analyses identified novel AD-associated loci in individuals of African ancestry and suggest that degree of African ancestry modulates some associations. Increased sample sets covering as much African genetic diversity as possible will be critical to identify additional loci and deconvolute local genetic ancestry effects. HIGHLIGHTS Genetic ancestry significantly impacts risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although individuals of African ancestry are twice as likely to develop AD, they are vastly underrepresented in AD genomics studies. The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium has previously identified 16 common and rare genetic loci associated with AD in African American individuals. The current analyses significantly expand this effort by increasing the sample size and extending ancestral diversity by including populations from continental Africa. Single variant meta-analysis identified a novel genome-wide significant AD-risk locus in individuals of African ancestry at the MPDZ gene, and 11 additional novel loci with suggestive genome-wide significance at p < 9×10-7. Comparison of African American datasets with samples of higher degree of African ancestry demonstrated differing patterns of association and linkage disequilibrium at one of these loci, suggesting that degree and/or geographic origin of African ancestry modulates the effect at this locus. These findings illustrate the importance of increasing number and ancestral diversity of African ancestry samples in AD genomics studies to fully disentangle the genetic architecture underlying AD, and yield more effective ancestry-informed genetic screening tools and therapeutic interventions.
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Rajendrakumar AL, Arbeev KG, Bagley O, Yashin AI, Ukraintseva S. The association between rs6859 in NECTIN2 gene and Alzheimer's disease is partly mediated by pTau. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.21.24309310. [PMID: 38947013 PMCID: PMC11213054 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.24309310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Emerging evidence suggests a connection between vulnerability to infections and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 (NECTIN2) gene coding for a membrane component of adherens junctions is involved in response to infection, and its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6859 was significantly associated with AD risk in several human cohorts. It is unclear, however, how exactly rs6859 influences the development of AD pathology. The aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (pTau) is a key pathological feature of neurodegeneration in AD, which may be induced by infections, among other factors, and potentially influenced by genes involved in both AD and vulnerability to infections, such as NECTIN2. Materials and methods We conducted a causal mediation analysis (CMA) on a sample of 708 participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The relationship between rs6859 and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with AD (yes/no) as the outcome and pTau-181 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acting as a mediator in this association, was assessed. Adjusted estimates from the probit and linear regression models were used in the CMA model, where an additive model considered an increase in dosage of the rs6859 A allele (AD risk factor). Results The increase in dose of allele A of the SNP rs6859 resulted in about 0.144 increase per standard deviation (SD) of pTau-181 (95% CI: 0.041, 0.248, p<0.01). When included together in the probit model, the change in A allele dose and each standard deviation change in pTau-181 predicted 6.84% and 9.79% higher probabilities for AD, respectively. In the CMA, the proportion of the average mediated effect was 17.05% and was higher for the risk allele homozygotes (AA), at 19.40% (95% CI: 6.20%, 43.00%, p<0.01). The sensitivity analysis confirmed the evidence of a robust mediation effect. Conclusion This study reported a new causal relationship between pTau-181 and AD. We found that the association between rs6859 in the NECTIN2 gene and AD is partly mediated by pTau-181 levels in CSF. The rest of this association may be mediated by other factors. Further research, using other biomarkers, is needed to uncover the remaining mechanisms of the association between the NECTIN2 gene and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Social Science Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Social Science Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Social Science Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Social Science Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Saferali A, Kim W, Xu Z, Chase RP, Cho MH, Laederach A, Castaldi PJ, Hersh CP. Colocalization analysis of 3' UTR alternative polyadenylation quantitative trait loci reveals novel mechanisms underlying associations with lung function. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1164-1175. [PMID: 38569558 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
While many disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), a large proportion of genome-wide association study (GWAS) variants are of unknown function. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays an important role in posttranscriptional regulation by allowing genes to shorten or extend 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). We hypothesized that genetic variants that affect APA in lung tissue may lend insight into the function of respiratory associated GWAS loci. We generated alternative polyadenylation (apa) QTLs using RNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing on 1241 subjects from the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC) as part of the NHLBI TOPMed project. We identified 56 179 APA sites corresponding to 13 582 unique genes after filtering out APA sites with low usage. We found that a total of 8831 APA sites were associated with at least one SNP with q-value < 0.05. The genomic distribution of lead APA SNPs indicated that the majority are intronic variants (33%), followed by downstream gene variants (26%), 3' UTR variants (17%), and upstream gene variants (within 1 kb region upstream of transcriptional start site, 10%). APA sites in 193 genes colocalized with GWAS data for at least one phenotype. Genes containing the top APA sites associated with GWAS variants include membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 2 (MARCHF2), nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 (NECTIN2), and butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2 (BTN3A2). Overall, these findings suggest that APA may be an important mechanism for genetic variants in lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabida Saferali
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert P Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alain Laederach
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Hossain R, Noonong K, Nuinoon M, Lao-On U, Norris CM, Sompol P, Rahman MA, Majima HJ, Tangpong J. Alzheimer's diseases in America, Europe, and Asian regions: a global genetic variation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17339. [PMID: 38756443 PMCID: PMC11097964 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the multifaceted neurodegenerative diseases influenced by many genetic and epigenetic factors. Genetic factors are merely not responsible for developing AD in the whole population. The studies of genetic variants can provide significant insights into the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease. Our research aimed to show how genetic variants interact with environmental influences in different parts of the world. Methodology We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles exploring the relationship between genetic variations and global regions such as America, Europe, and Asia. We aimed to identify common genetic variations susceptible to AD and have no significant heterogeneity. To achieve this, we analyzed 35 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 17 genes (ABCA7, APOE, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, CLU, CR1, EPHA1, TOMM40, MS4A6A, ARID5B, SORL1, APOC1, MTHFD1L, BDNF, TFAM, and PICALM) from different regions based on previous genomic studies of AD. It has been reported that rs3865444, CD33, is the most common polymorphism in the American and European populations. From TOMM40 and APOE rs2075650, rs429358, and rs6656401, CR1 is the common investigational polymorphism in the Asian population. Conclusion The results of all the research conducted on AD have consistently shown a correlation between genetic variations and the incidence of AD in the populations of each region. This review is expected to be of immense value in future genetic research and precision medicine on AD, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the genetic factors contributing to the development of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahni Hossain
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Kunwadee Noonong
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Manit Nuinoon
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Udom Lao-On
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Christopher M. Norris
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Pradoldej Sompol
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Hideyuki J. Majima
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Product (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Hajilou R, Farhud DD, Zarif-Yeganeh M. Investigation of rs8106922 and rs157580 of TOMM40 Gene in Individuals with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:663-670. [PMID: 38919296 PMCID: PMC11194652 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i3.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate two polymorphisms, rs8106922 and rs157580 of TOMM40 in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods In the present case-control research, we collected blood samples from 117 AD patients and 130 controls from Alzheimer's Hospital, residents of Tehran, Iran during the winter 2020 to autumn 2022. Following extraction of DNA, Genotyping of TOMM40 polymorphisms rs8106922 and rs157580 were examined by sequencing and ARMS/PCR approaches. We compared distributions of genotypes in both patient and healthy groups using the Chi-Square test. Results Regarding rs157580, a statistically significant difference was observed in the GA genotype frequency between patient and healthy groups, in both univariate and multivariate modes with these results that have come respectively, and it can be regarded as a protection factor P<0.05).. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of A and G alleles between patient and healthy groups. Besides, concerning rs8106922, the AG genotype frequency in research groups in both univariate and multivariate cases, with these results that have come respectively was significantly different (P=0.003) & (P=0.009). Regarding GG genotype, a statistically significant difference was observed between the patient and healthy groups in both univariate and multivariate cases, respectively (P=0.419) & (P=0.425). Significant differences were observed in the G allele frequency for rs8106922 in the healthy and patient groups (P=0.007), it can be regarded as a potential protective factor. Conclusion It is possible to consider the TOMM40 gene as one of the potential genes concerning Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Hajilou
- Tehran-East Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush D. Farhud
- Dr. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- Research Institute of Aging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Zarif-Yeganeh
- Dr. Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran
- Research Institute of Aging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rajendrakumar AL, Arbeev KG, Bagley O, Yashin AI, Ukraintseva S. The SNP rs6859 in NECTIN2 gene is associated with underlying heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive changes in older adults. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:78. [PMID: 38408961 PMCID: PMC10898142 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional decline associated with dementia, including in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is not uniform across individuals, and respective heterogeneity is not yet fully explained. Such heterogeneity may in part be related to genetic variability among individuals. In this study, we investigated whether the SNP rs6859 in nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 (NECTIN2) gene (a major risk factor for AD) influences trajectories of cognitive decline in older participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed records on 1310 participants from the ADNI database for the multivariate analysis. We used longitudinal measures of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in participants, who were cognitively normal, or having AD, or other cognitive deficits to investigate the trajectories of cognitive changes. Multiple linear regression, linear mixed models and latent class analyses were conducted to investigate the association of the SNP rs6859 with MMSE. RESULTS The regression coefficient per one allele dose of the SNP rs6859 was independently associated with MMSE in both cross-sectional (-2.23, p < 0.01) and linear mixed models (-2.26, p < 0.01) analyses. The latent class model with three distinct subgroups (class 1: stable and gradual decline, class 2: intermediate and late decline, and class 3: lowest and irregular) performed best in the posterior classification, 42.67% (n = 559), 21.45% (n = 281), 35.88% (n = 470) were classified as class 1, class 2, and class 3. In the heterogeneous linear mixed model, the regression coefficient per one allele dose of rs6859 - A risk allele was significantly associated with MMSE class 1 and class 2 memberships and related decline; Class 1 (-2.28, 95% CI: -4.05, -0.50, p < 0.05), Class 2 (-5.56, 95% CI: -9.61, -1.51, p < 0.01) and Class 3 (-0.37, 95% CI: -1.62, 0.87, p = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS This study found statistical evidence supporting the classification of three latent subclass groups representing complex MMSE trajectories in the ADNI cohort. The SNP rs6859 can be suggested as a candidate genetic predictor of variation in modeling MMSE trajectory, as well as for identifying latent classes with higher baseline MMSE. Functional studies may help further elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Lathika Rajendrakumar
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Konstantin G Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA.
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
| | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0408, USA
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Wang L, Nykänen NP, Western D, Gorijala P, Timsina J, Li F, Wang Z, Ali M, Yang C, Liu M, Brock W, Marquié M, Boada M, Alvarez I, Aguilar M, Pastor P, Ruiz A, Puerta R, Orellana A, Rutledge J, Oh H, Greicius MD, Le Guen Y, Perrin RJ, Wyss-Coray T, Jefferson A, Hohman TJ, Graff-Radford N, Mori H, Goate A, Levin J, Sung YJ, Cruchaga C. Proteo-genomics of soluble TREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid provides novel insights and identifies novel modulators for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38172904 PMCID: PMC10763080 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays a critical role in microglial activation, survival, and apoptosis, as well as in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. We previously reported the MS4A locus as a key modulator for soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To identify additional novel genetic modifiers of sTREM2, we performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) and identified four loci for CSF sTREM2 in 3,350 individuals of European ancestry. Through multi-ethnic fine mapping, we identified two independent missense variants (p.M178V in MS4A4A and p.A112T in MS4A6A) that drive the association in MS4A locus and showed an epistatic effect for sTREM2 levels and AD risk. The novel TREM2 locus on chr 6 contains two rare missense variants (rs75932628 p.R47H, P=7.16×10-19; rs142232675 p.D87N, P=2.71×10-10) associated with sTREM2 and AD risk. The third novel locus in the TGFBR2 and RBMS3 gene region (rs73823326, P=3.86×10-9) included a regulatory variant with a microglia-specific chromatin loop for the promoter of TGFBR2. Using cell-based assays we demonstrate that overexpression and knock-down of TGFBR2, but not RBMS3, leads to significant changes of sTREM2. The last novel locus is located on the APOE region (rs11666329, P=2.52×10-8), but we demonstrated that this signal was independent of APOE genotype. This signal colocalized with cis-eQTL of NECTIN2 in the brain cortex and cis-pQTL of NECTIN2 in CSF. Overexpression of NECTIN2 led to an increase of sTREM2 supporting the genetic findings. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date aimed at identifying genetic modifiers of CSF sTREM2. This study provided novel insights into the MS4A and TREM2 loci, two well-known AD risk genes, and identified TGFBR2 and NECTIN2 as additional modulators involved in TREM2 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Niko-Petteri Nykänen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Priyanka Gorijala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fuhai Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengran Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Brock
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marta Marquié
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarod Rutledge
- Wu-Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hamilton Oh
- Wu-Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yann Le Guen
- Wu-Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Wu-Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Mohaupt P, Vialaret J, Hirtz C, Lehmann S. Increasing the sensitivity of Simoa via bead count reduction facilitates the quantification of pTau-181 in dried plasma spots. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2024; 10:e12456. [PMID: 38476928 PMCID: PMC10927909 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The exclusion of affected populations from Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical research limits our understanding of disease heterogeneity and its impact on clinical care. While micro sampling with dried plasma spots (DPS) can promote inclusivity by enabling sample collection in remote areas, current techniques lack the sensitivity required for the quantification of phosphorylated tau at Thr181 (pTau-181) in DPS extracts. Methods We developed an assay for pTau-181 with reduced bead count and improved bead read efficiency (BRE) using a prototype Simoa instrument. This novel assay's performance was evaluated against standard pTau-181 assays on two Simoa platforms, and DPS extracts were tested for pTau-181 quantification feasibility. Results The novel assay quantifies pTau-181 at concentrations up to 16x lower than traditional pTau-181 assays on HD-X and SR-X platforms. DPS extracts tested with our low-bead assay were quantified considerably above the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), indicating the suitability of this assay for future DPS extract measurements. Discussion Implementing DPS sampling and pTau-181 quantification could increase participation from underrepresented groups in AD research. However, additional assay optimization and an in-depth study of preanalytical sample stability are essential for the transition to clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mohaupt
- LBPC-PPC Université de Montpellier IRMB CHU de Montpellier INM INSERM Montpellier France
| | - Jérôme Vialaret
- LBPC-PPC Université de Montpellier IRMB CHU de Montpellier INM INSERM Montpellier France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC-PPC Université de Montpellier IRMB CHU de Montpellier INM INSERM Montpellier France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC Université de Montpellier IRMB CHU de Montpellier INM INSERM Montpellier France
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Tin A, Fohner AE, Yang Q, Brody JA, Davies G, Yao J, Liu D, Caro I, Lindbohm JV, Duggan MR, Meirelles O, Harris SE, Gudmundsdottir V, Taylor AM, Henry A, Beiser AS, Shojaie A, Coors A, Fitzpatrick AL, Langenberg C, Satizabal CL, Sitlani CM, Wheeler E, Tucker-Drob EM, Bressler J, Coresh J, Bis JC, Candia J, Jennings LL, Pietzner M, Lathrop M, Lopez OL, Redmond P, Gerszten RE, Rich SS, Heckbert SR, Austin TR, Hughes TM, Tanaka T, Emilsson V, Vasan RS, Guo X, Zhu Y, Tzourio C, Rotter JI, Walker KA, Ferrucci L, Kivimäki M, Breteler MMB, Cox SR, Debette S, Mosley TH, Gudnason VG, Launer LJ, Psaty BM, Seshadri S, Fornage M. Identification of circulating proteins associated with general cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1117. [PMID: 37923804 PMCID: PMC10624811 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying circulating proteins associated with cognitive function may point to biomarkers and molecular process of cognitive impairment. Few studies have investigated the association between circulating proteins and cognitive function. We identify 246 protein measures quantified by the SomaScan assay as associated with cognitive function (p < 4.9E-5, n up to 7289). Of these, 45 were replicated using SomaScan data, and three were replicated using Olink data at Bonferroni-corrected significance. Enrichment analysis linked the proteins associated with general cognitive function to cell signaling pathways and synapse architecture. Mendelian randomization analysis implicated higher levels of NECTIN2, a protein mediating viral entry into neuronal cells, with higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk (p = 2.5E-26). Levels of 14 other protein measures were implicated as consequences of AD susceptibility (p < 2.0E-4). Proteins implicated as causes or consequences of AD susceptibility may provide new insight into the potential relationship between immunity and AD susceptibility as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Grants
- N01 HC095163 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RC2 HL102419 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003C NHLBI NIH HHS
- UH3 NS100605 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 HL103612 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00002 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096812 NHLBI NIH HHS
- MC_UU_00006/1 Medical Research Council
- UF1 NS125513 NINDS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00005 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01AG12100 NIA NIH HHS
- N01HC95160 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG054076 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL120393 NHLBI NIH HHS
- BB/F019394/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- RF1 AG059421 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL131136 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095168 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 RR025005 NCRR NIH HHS
- R01 AG015928 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800004I NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL080295 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95163 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 AG012100 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500001C NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001079 NCATS NIH HHS
- N01 HC085082 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096917 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL059367 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL130114 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268200800007C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL085251 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95169 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 NS087541 NINDS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00001 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL086694 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG054628 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 HL096902 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL087652 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095162 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HG004402 NHGRI NIH HHS
- N01HC95164 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC085086 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC55222 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG049607 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG065596 NIA NIH HHS
- N01 HC095165 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95162 NHLBI NIH HHS
- MR/R024227/1 Medical Research Council
- N01HC85086 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00003 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL105756 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95168 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095169 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 DK063491 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800007I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700002C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG066524 NIA NIH HHS
- RF1 AG063507 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201200036C NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL144483 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800001C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700001I NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG056477 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700004I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95165 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 AG058589 NIA NIH HHS
- N01HC95159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095161 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500001I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN271201200022C NIDA NIH HHS
- N01 HC025195 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95161 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001420 NCATS NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00004 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096814 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 AG066509 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL132320 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92020D00007 NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 AG066546 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG033040 NIA NIH HHS
- MR/S011676/1 Medical Research Council
- U01 AG052409 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201500003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- K01 AG071689 NIA NIH HHS
- 75N92021D00006 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG026307 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG020098 NIA NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700005C NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700001C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85082 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700003C NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095166 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95167 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85083 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UH2 NS100605 NINDS NIH HHS
- N01HC25195 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 75N92019D00031 NHLBI NIH HHS
- U01 HL096899 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700004C NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR000040 NCATS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700002I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700005I NHLBI NIH HHS
- P30 AG072947 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG025941 NIA NIH HHS
- Chief Scientist Office
- 75N92020D00006 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC95166 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 AG023629 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 HL087641 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85079 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC085080 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001881 NCATS NIH HHS
- N01 HC095167 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800005I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85080 NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201700003I NHLBI NIH HHS
- HHSN268201800006I NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095164 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01HC85081 NHLBI NIH HHS
- N01 HC095160 NHLBI NIH HHS
- The ARIC study has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (contract numbers HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700002I, HHSN268201700003I, HHSN268201700004I and HHSN268201700005I), R01HL087641, R01HL059367 and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. Funding was also supported by 5RC2HL102419, R01NS087541 and R01HL131136. Neurocognitive data were collected by U01 2U01HL096812, 2U01HL096814, 2U01HL096899, 2U01HL096902, 2U01HL096917 from the NIH (NHLBI, NINDS, NIA and NIDCD). Infrastructure was partly supported by Grant Number UL1RR025005, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. This Cardiovascular Heath Study (CHS) research was supported by NHLBI contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, 75N92021D00006; and NHLBI grants U01HL080295, R01HL087652, R01HL105756, R01HL103612, R01HL120393, R01HL085251, R01HL144483, and U01HL130114 with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided through R01AG023629, R01AG15928, and R01AG20098 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). AEF is supported by K01AG071689. The Framingham Heart Study is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with Boston University (Contract No. N01-HC-25195, HHSN268201500001I and 75N92019D00031). This work was also supported by grant R01AG063507, R01AG054076, R01AG049607, R01AG059421, R01AG033040, R01AG066524, P30AG066546, U01 AG052409, U01 AG058589 from from the National Institute on Aging and R01 AG017950, UH2/3 NS100605, UF1 NS125513 from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and R01HL132320. AGES has been funded by NIA contracts N01-AG012100 and HSSN271201200022C, NIH Grant No. 1R01AG065596-01A1, Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association), and the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament). M. R. Duggan, T. Tanaka, J. Candia, K. A. Walker, L. Ferrucci, L.J. Launer, O. Meirelles are funded by the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program. This study was funded, in part, by the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is supported by contracts HHSN268201800003I, HHSN268201800004I, HHSN268201800005I, HHSN268201800006I, and HHSN268201800007I from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The LBC1921 was supported by the UK’s Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), The Royal Society, and The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government. Genotyping was funded by the BBSRC (BB/F019394/1). LBC1936 is supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and the Economic and Social Research Council [BB/W008793/1], Age UK (Disconnected Mind project), and the University of Edinburgh. Genotyping was funded by the BBSRC (BB/F019394/1). The Olink® Neurology Proteomics assay was supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) research grant R01AG054628. Phenotype harmonization, data management, sample-identity QC, and general study coordination, were provided by the TOPMed Data Coordinating Center (3R01HL-120393-02S1), and TOPMed MESA Multi-Omics (HHSN2682015000031/HSN26800004). The MESA projects are conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with MESA investigators. Support for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) projects are conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with MESA investigators. Support for MESA is provided by contracts 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, UL1-TR-001420, UL1TR001881, DK063491, and R01HL105756. The Three City (3C) Study is conducted under a partnership agreement among the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the University of Bordeaux, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Institut de la Longévité, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, and Ministry of Research–INSERM Programme “Cohortes et collections de données biologiques.” Ilana Caro received a grant from the EUR digital public health. This PhD program is supported within the framework of the PIA3 (Investment for the future). Project reference 17-EURE-0019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Tin
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilana Caro
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joni V Lindbohm
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, The Klarman Cell Observatory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Duggan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Albert Henry
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annabell Coors
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Precision Healthcare Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lori L Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Precision Healthcare Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oscar L Lopez
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas R Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- University of Texas School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yineng Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Janardhanan M, Sen S, Shankarappa B, Purushottam M. Molecular genetics of neuropsychiatric illness: some musings. Front Genet 2023; 14:1203017. [PMID: 38028602 PMCID: PMC10646253 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1203017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric illness has occurred at many levels. As more information accumulates, it appears that many approaches may each offer their unique perspective. The search for low penetrance and common variants, that may mediate risk, has necessitated the formation of many international consortia, to pool resources, and achieve the large sample sizes needed to discover these variants. There has been the parallel development of statistical methods to analyse large datasets and present summary statistics which allows data comparison across studies. Even so, the results of studies on well-characterised clinical datasets of modest sizes can be enlightening and provide important clues to understanding these complex disorders. We describe the use of common variants, at multiallelic loci like TOMM40 and APOE to study dementia, weighted genetic risk scores for alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis and whole exome sequencing to identify rare variants in genes like PLA2G6 in familial psychoses and schizophrenia in our Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meera Purushottam
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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13
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Ramanan VK, Graff-Radford J, Syrjanen J, Shir D, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Lucas J, Martens YA, Carrasquillo MM, Day GS, Ertekin-Taner N, Lachner C, Willis FB, Knopman DS, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Vemuri P, Graff-Radford N, Mielke MM. Association of Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease With Cognition and Medical Comorbidities in a Biracial Cohort. Neurology 2023; 101:e1402-e1411. [PMID: 37580163 PMCID: PMC10573134 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent advances in blood-based biomarkers offer the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer disease (AD), but additional research in diverse populations is critical. We assessed the profiles of blood-based AD biomarkers and their relationships to cognition and common medical comorbidities in a biracial cohort. METHODS Participants were evaluated through the Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Alzheimer Disease Research Center and matched on age, sex, and cognitive status. Plasma AD biomarkers (β-amyloid peptide 1-42 [Aβ42/40], plasma tau phosphorylated at position 181 [p-tau181], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], and neurofilament light) were measured using the Quanterix SiMoA HD-X analyzer. Cognition was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess for differences in plasma biomarker levels by sex. Linear models tested for associations of self-reported race, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and vascular risk factors with plasma AD biomarker levels. Additional models assessed for interactions between race and plasma biomarkers in predicting cognition. RESULTS The sample comprised African American (AA; N = 267) and non-Hispanic White (NHW; N = 268) participants, including 69% female participants and age range 43-100 (median 80.2) years. Education was higher in NHW participants (median 16 vs 12 years, p < 0.001) while APOE ε4 positivity was higher in AA participants (43% vs 34%; p = 0.04). We observed no differences in plasma AD biomarker levels between AA and NHW participants. These results were unchanged after stratifying by cognitive status (unimpaired vs impaired). Although the p-tau181-cognition association seemed stronger in NHW participants while the Aβ42/40-cognition association seemed stronger in AA participants, these findings did not survive after excluding individuals with CKD. Female participants displayed higher GFAP (177.5 pg/mL vs 157.73 pg/mL; p = 0.002) and lower p-tau181 (2.62 pg/mL vs 3.28 pg/mL; p = 0.001) levels than male participants. Diabetes was inversely associated with GFAP levels (β = -0.01; p < 0.001). DISCUSSION In a biracial community-based sample of adults, we observed that sex differences, CKD, and vascular risk factors, but not self-reported race, contributed to variation in plasma AD biomarkers. Although some prior studies have reported primary effects of race/ethnicity, our results reinforce the need to account for broad-based medical and social determinants of health (including sex, systemic comorbidities, and other factors) in effectively and equitably deploying plasma AD biomarkers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Ramanan
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Jonathan Graff-Radford
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jeremy Syrjanen
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Dror Shir
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John Lucas
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Yuka A Martens
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Minerva M Carrasquillo
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Gregory S Day
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Christian Lachner
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Floyd B Willis
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - David S Knopman
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Clifford R Jack
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Neill Graff-Radford
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- From the Department of Neurology (V.K.R., J.G.-R., D.S., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.S., R.C.P.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.A.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (J.L., C.L.), Department of Neuroscience (Y.A.M., M.M.C., G.S.D., N.E.-T.), Department of Neurology (N.E.-T., C.L., N.G.-R.), and Department of Family Medicine (F.B.W.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Radiology (C.R.J., P.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.M.M.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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14
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Housini M, Zhou Z, Gutierrez J, Rao S, Jomaa R, Subasinghe K, Reid DM, Silzer T, Phillips N, O'Bryant S, Barber RC. Top Alzheimer's disease risk allele frequencies differ in HABS-HD Mexican- versus Non-Hispanic White Americans. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12518. [PMID: 38155914 PMCID: PMC10752755 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Here we evaluate frequencies of the top 10 Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk alleles for late-onset AD in Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) American participants enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities Study cohort. METHODS: Using DNA extracted from this community-based diverse population, we calculated the genotype frequencies in each population to determine whether a significant difference is detected between the different ethnicities. DNA genotyping was performed per manufacturers' protocols. RESULTS: Allele and genotype frequencies for 9 of the 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (two apolipoprotein E variants, CR1, BIN1, DRB1, NYAP1, PTK2B, FERMT2, and ABCA7) differed significantly between MAs and NHWs. DISCUSSION: The significant differences in frequencies of top AD risk alleles observed here across MAs and NHWs suggest that ethnicity-specific genetic risks for AD exist. Given our results, we are advancing additional projects to further elucidate ethnicity-specific differences in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Housini
- Department of Pharmacology and NeuroscienceSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
- Department of Family Medicine & Manipulative MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
- Institute for Translational ResearchUNT Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - John Gutierrez
- Department of Internal MedicineTexas Institute for Graduate Medical Education and ResearchSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Sumedha Rao
- Department of Family Medicine & Manipulative MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Rodwan Jomaa
- Department of Family Medicine & Manipulative MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Kumudu Subasinghe
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and GeneticsSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Danielle Marie Reid
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and GeneticsSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Talisa Silzer
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and GeneticsSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Nicole Phillips
- Institute for Translational ResearchUNT Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and GeneticsSchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Family Medicine & Manipulative MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
- Institute for Translational ResearchUNT Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Robert Clinton Barber
- Department of Family Medicine & Manipulative MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
- Institute for Translational ResearchUNT Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
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15
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Ray NR, Kunkle BW, Hamilton-Nelson K, Kurup JT, Rajabli F, Cosacak MI, Kizil C, Jean-Francois M, Cuccaro M, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Cantwell L, Kuzma A, Vance JM, Gao S, Hendrie HC, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi A, Akinyemi RO, Lee WP, Martin ER, Wang LS, Beecham GW, Bush WS, Farrer LA, Haines JL, Byrd GS, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Reitz C. Extended genome-wide association study employing the African Genome Resources Panel identifies novel susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's Disease in individuals of African ancestry. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.29.23294774. [PMID: 37693582 PMCID: PMC10491365 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.23294774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a two-fold increased risk, individuals of African ancestry have been significantly underrepresented in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) genomics efforts. METHODS GWAS of 2,903 AD cases and 6,265 cognitive controls of African ancestry. Within-dataset results were meta-analyzed, followed by gene-based and pathway analyses, and analysis of RNAseq and whole-genome sequencing data. RESULTS A novel AD risk locus was identified in MPDZ on chromosome 9p23 (rs141610415, MAF=.002, P =3.68×10 -9 ). Two additional novel common and nine novel rare loci approached genome-wide significance at P <9×10 -7 . Comparison of association and LD patterns between datasets with higher and lower degrees of African ancestry showed differential association patterns at chr12q23.2 ( ASCL1 ), suggesting that the association is modulated by regional origin of local African ancestry. DISCUSSION Increased sample sizes and sample sets from Africa covering as much African genetic diversity as possible will be critical to identify additional disease-associated loci and improve deconvolution of local genetic ancestry effects.
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16
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Logue MW, Dasgupta S, Farrer LA. Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease in the African American Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5189. [PMID: 37629231 PMCID: PMC10455208 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Black/African American (AA) individuals have a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than White non-Hispanic persons of European ancestry (EUR) for reasons that may include economic disparities, cardiovascular health, quality of education, and biases in the methods used to diagnose AD. AD is also heritable, and some of the differences in risk may be due to genetics. Many AD-associated variants have been identified by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genome-sequencing studies. However, most of these studies have been performed using EUR cohorts. In this paper, we review the genetics of AD and AD-related traits in AA individuals. Importantly, studies of genetic risk factors in AA cohorts can elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AD risk in AA and other populations. In fact, such studies are essential to enable reliable precision medicine approaches in persons with considerable African ancestry. Furthermore, genetic studies of AA cohorts allow exploration of the ways the impact of genes can vary by ancestry, culture, and economic and environmental disparities. They have yielded important gains in our knowledge of AD genetics, and increasing AA individual representation within genetic studies should remain a priority for inclusive genetic study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shoumita Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Medical Sciences and Education, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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17
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Yang LG, March ZM, Stephenson RA, Narayan PS. Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:430-445. [PMID: 37357100 PMCID: PMC10365028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism has emerged as a central component of many neurodegenerative diseases. Variants of the lipid transport protein, apolipoprotein E (APOE), modulate risk and resilience in several neurodegenerative diseases including late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Allelic variants of the gene, APOE, alter the lipid metabolism of cells and tissues and have been broadly associated with several other cellular and systemic phenotypes. Targeting APOE-associated metabolic pathways may offer opportunities to alter disease-related phenotypes and consequently, attenuate disease risk and impart resilience to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We review the molecular, cellular, and tissue-level alterations to lipid metabolism that arise from different APOE isoforms. These changes in lipid metabolism could help to elucidate disease mechanisms and tune neurodegenerative disease risk and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Yang
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zachary M March
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roxan A Stephenson
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka S Narayan
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Modeste ES, Ping L, Watson CM, Duong DM, Dammer EB, Johnson ECB, Roberts BR, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Seyfried NT. Quantitative proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid from African Americans and Caucasians reveals shared and divergent changes in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:48. [PMID: 37468915 PMCID: PMC10355042 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being twice as likely to get Alzheimer's disease (AD), African Americans have been grossly underrepresented in AD research. While emerging evidence indicates that African Americans with AD have lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Tau compared to Caucasians, other differences in AD CSF biomarkers have not been fully elucidated. Here, we performed unbiased proteomic profiling of CSF from African Americans and Caucasians with and without AD to identify both common and divergent AD CSF biomarkers. METHODS Multiplex tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry (TMT-MS) quantified 1,840 proteins from 105 control and 98 AD patients of which 100 identified as Caucasian while 103 identified as African American. We used differential protein expression and co-expression approaches to assess how changes in the CSF proteome are related to race and AD. Co-expression network analysis organized the CSF proteome into 14 modules associated with brain cell-types and biological pathways. A targeted mass spectrometry method, selected reaction monitoring (SRM), with heavy labeled internal standards was used to measure a panel of CSF module proteins across a subset of African Americans and Caucasians with or without AD. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the performance of each protein biomarker in differentiating controls and AD by race. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, the increase of Tau levels in AD was greater in Caucasians than in African Americans by both immunoassay and TMT-MS measurements. CSF modules which included 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAZ and YWHAG) demonstrated equivalent disease-related elevations in both African Americans and Caucasians with AD, whereas other modules demonstrated more profound disease changes within race. Modules enriched with proteins involved with glycolysis and neuronal/cytoskeletal proteins, including Tau, were more increased in Caucasians than in African Americans with AD. In contrast, a module enriched with synaptic proteins including VGF, SCG2, and NPTX2 was significantly lower in African Americans than Caucasians with AD. Following SRM and ROC analysis, VGF, SCG2, and NPTX2 were significantly better at classifying African Americans than Caucasians with AD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into additional protein biomarkers and pathways reflecting underlying brain pathology that are shared or differ by race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S. Modeste
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lingyan Ping
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Caroline M. Watson
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Duc M. Duong
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Eric B. Dammer
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Erik C. B. Johnson
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - James J. Lah
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Allan I. Levey
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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19
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Giannisis A, Al-Grety A, Carlsson H, Howell JC, Hu WT, Kultima K, Nielsen HM. Plasma apolipoprotein E levels, isoform composition, and dimer profile in relation to plasma lipids in racially diverse patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:119. [PMID: 37400888 PMCID: PMC10316569 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The APOEε4-promoted risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is lower in Black/African-Americans (B/AAs), compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Previous studies reported lower plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels in NHW APOEε4-carriers compared to non-carriers, and low plasma apoE levels were directly associated with an increased risk of AD and all dementia. We further showed that APOEε3/ε3 AD patients exhibited reduced plasma apoE dimers compared to corresponding control subjects. Whether plasma apoE levels and apoE dimer formation differ between races/ethnicities and therefore may help explain AD risk racial disparity remains to be elucidated. METHODS Using mass spectrometry, we determined total plasma apoE and apoE isoform levels in a cohort of B/AAs (n = 58) and NHWs (n = 67) including subjects with normal cognition (B/AA: n = 25, NHW: n = 28), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (B/AA: n = 24, NHW: n = 24), or AD dementia (B/AA: n = 9, NHW: n = 15). Additionally, we used non-reducing western blot analysis to assess the distribution of plasma apoE into monomers/disulfide-linked dimers. Plasma total apoE, apoE isoform levels, and % apoE monomers/dimers were assessed for correlations with cognition, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, sTREM2, neurofilament light protein (NfL), and plasma lipids. RESULTS Plasma apoE was predominantly monomeric in both racial groups and the monomer/dimer distribution was not affected by disease status, or correlated with CSF AD biomarkers, but associated with plasma lipids. Plasma total apoE levels were not related to disease status and only in the NHW subjects we observed lower plasma apoE levels in the APOEε4/ε4-carriers. Total plasma apoE levels were 13% higher in B/AA compared to NHW APOEε4/ε4 subjects and associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in NHW subjects but with low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL) in the B/AA subjects. Higher plasma apoE4 levels, exclusively in APOEε3/ε4 B/AA subjects, were linked to higher plasma total cholesterol and LDL levels. In the controls, NHWs and B/AAs exhibited opposite associations between plasma apoE and CSF t-tau. CONCLUSIONS The previously reported lower APOEε4-promoted risk of AD in B/AA subjects may be associated with differences in plasma apoE levels and lipoprotein association. Whether differences in plasma apoE levels between races/ethnicities result from altered APOEε4 expression or turnover, needs further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Giannisis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16B, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asma Al-Grety
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Carlsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16B, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lambert JC, Ramirez A, Grenier-Boley B, Bellenguez C. Step by step: towards a better understanding of the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2716-2727. [PMID: 37131074 PMCID: PMC10615767 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to have a large genetic component. Our knowledge of this component has progressed over the last 10 years, thanks notably to the advent of genome-wide association studies and the establishment of large consortia that make it possible to analyze hundreds of thousands of cases and controls. The characterization of dozens of chromosomal regions associated with the risk of developing AD and (in some loci) the causal genes responsible for the observed disease signal has confirmed the involvement of major pathophysiological pathways (such as amyloid precursor protein metabolism) and opened up new perspectives (such as the central role of microglia and inflammation). Furthermore, large-scale sequencing projects are starting to reveal the major impact of rare variants - even in genes like APOE - on the AD risk. This increasingly comprehensive knowledge is now being disseminated through translational research; in particular, the development of genetic risk/polygenic risk scores is helping to identify the subpopulations more at risk or less at risk of developing AD. Although it is difficult to assess the efforts still needed to comprehensively characterize the genetic component of AD, several lines of research can be improved or initiated. Ultimately, genetics (in combination with other biomarkers) might help to redefine the boundaries and relationships between various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
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21
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Santiago JA, Quinn JP, Potashkin JA. Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies Molecular Determinants of Loneliness Associated with Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065909. [PMID: 36982982 PMCID: PMC10058494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation are detrimental to mental health and may lead to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Although several molecular signatures of loneliness have been identified, the molecular mechanisms by which loneliness impacts the brain remain elusive. Here, we performed a bioinformatics approach to untangle the molecular underpinnings associated with loneliness. Co-expression network analysis identified molecular 'switches' responsible for dramatic transcriptional changes in the nucleus accumbens of individuals with known loneliness. Loneliness-related switch genes were enriched in cell cycle, cancer, TGF-β, FOXO, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Analysis stratified by sex identified switch genes in males with chronic loneliness. Male-specific switch genes were enriched in infection, innate immunity, and cancer-related pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that loneliness-related switch genes significantly overlapped with 82% and 68% of human studies on Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), respectively, in gene expression databases. Loneliness-related switch genes, BCAM, NECTIN2, NPAS3, RBM38, PELI1, DPP10, and ASGR2, have been identified as genetic risk factors for AD. Likewise, switch genes HLA-DRB5, ALDOA, and GPNMB are known genetic loci in PD. Similarly, loneliness-related switch genes overlapped in 70% and 64% of human studies on major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, respectively. Nine switch genes, HLA-DRB5, ARHGAP15, COL4A1, RBM38, DMD, LGALS3BP, WSCD2, CYTH4, and CNTRL, overlapped with known genetic variants in depression. Seven switch genes, NPAS3, ARHGAP15, LGALS3BP, DPP10, SMYD3, CPXCR1, and HLA-DRB5 were associated with known risk factors for schizophrenia. Collectively, we identified molecular determinants of loneliness and dysregulated pathways in the brain of non-demented adults. The association of switch genes with known risk factors for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases provides a molecular explanation for the observed prevalence of these diseases among lonely individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith A Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Kopel J, Sehar U, Choudhury M, Reddy PH. Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias in African Americans: Focus on Caregivers. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060868. [PMID: 36981525 PMCID: PMC10048201 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias (ADRD) are chronic illnesses that are highly prevalent in African Americans (AA). AD and ADRD are caused by multiple factors, such as genetic mutations, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and lifestyle. Histopathological, morphological, and cellular studies revealed how multiple cellular changes are implicated in AD and ADRD, including synaptic damage, inflammatory responses, hormonal imbalance, mitochondrial abnormalities, and neuronal loss, in addition to the accumulation of amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau in the brain. The contributions of race, ethnicity, location and socioeconomic status all have a significant impact on the care and support services available to dementia patients. Furthermore, disparities in health care are entangled with social, economic, and environmental variables that perpetuate disadvantages among different groups, particularly African Americans. As such, it remains important to understand how various racial and ethnic groups perceive, access, and experience health care. Considering that the mounting data shows AA may be more susceptible to AD than white people, the demographic transition creates significant hurdles in providing adequate care from family caregivers. Furthermore, there is growing recognition that AD and ADRD pose a significant stress on AA caregivers compared to white people. In this review, we examine the current literature on racial disparities in AD and ADRD, particularly concerning AA caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Moumita Choudhury
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-3194
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23
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Sherva R, Zhang R, Sahelijo N, Jun G, Anglin T, Chanfreau C, Cho K, Fonda JR, Gaziano JM, Harrington KM, Ho YL, Kremen WS, Litkowski E, Lynch J, Neale Z, Roussos P, Marra D, Mez J, Miller MW, Salat DH, Tsuang D, Wolf E, Zeng Q, Panizzon MS, Merritt VC, Farrer LA, Hauger RL, Logue MW. African ancestry GWAS of dementia in a large military cohort identifies significant risk loci. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1293-1302. [PMID: 36543923 PMCID: PMC10066923 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While genome wide association studies (GWASs) of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in European (EUR) ancestry cohorts have identified approximately 83 potentially independent AD risk loci, progress in non-European populations has lagged. In this study, data from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a biobank which includes genetic data from more than 650,000 US Veteran participants, was used to examine dementia genetics in an African descent (AFR) cohort. A GWAS of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), an expanded AD phenotype including dementias such as vascular and non-specific dementia that included 4012 cases and 18,435 controls age 60+ in AFR MVP participants was performed. A proxy dementia GWAS based on survey-reported parental AD or dementia (n = 4385 maternal cases, 2256 paternal cases, and 45,970 controls) was also performed. These two GWASs were meta-analyzed, and then subsequently compared and meta-analyzed with the results from a previous AFR AD GWAS from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC). A meta-analysis of common variants across the MVP ADRD and proxy GWASs yielded GWAS significant associations in the region of APOE (p = 2.48 × 10-101), in ROBO1 (rs11919682, p = 1.63 × 10-8), and RNA RP11-340A13.2 (rs148433063, p = 8.56 × 10-9). The MVP/ADGC meta-analysis yielded additional significant SNPs near known AD risk genes TREM2 (rs73427293, p = 2.95 × 10-9), CD2AP (rs7738720, p = 1.14 × 10-9), and ABCA7 (rs73505251, p = 3.26 × 10-10), although the peak variants observed in these genes differed from those previously reported in EUR and AFR cohorts. Of the genes in or near suggestive or genome-wide significant associated variants, nine (CDA, SH2D5, DCBLD1, EML6, GOPC, ABCA7, ROS1, TMCO4, and TREM2) were differentially expressed in the brains of AD cases and controls. This represents the largest AFR GWAS of AD and dementia, finding non-APOE GWAS-significant common SNPs associated with dementia. Increasing representation of AFR participants is an important priority in genetic studies and may lead to increased insight into AD pathophysiology and reduce health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sherva
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Sahelijo
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tori Anglin
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine Chanfreau
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Fonda
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly M Harrington
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Litkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zoe Neale
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Marra
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debby Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erika Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Qing Zeng
- VA Washington DC Healthcare System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victoria C Merritt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Santiago-Balmaseda A, Jeronimo-Aguilar P, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Cadena-Suárez AR, Sánchez-Garibay C, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Diaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-Herrero M, Luna-Muñoz J, Soto-Rojas LO. Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Overview of Its Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043754. [PMID: 36835161 PMCID: PMC9966419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is classified as familial and sporadic. The dominant familial or autosomal presentation represents 1-5% of the total number of cases. It is categorized as early onset (EOAD; <65 years of age) and presents genetic mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Sporadic AD represents 95% of the cases and is categorized as late-onset (LOAD), occurring in patients older than 65 years of age. Several risk factors have been identified in sporadic AD; aging is the main one. Nonetheless, multiple genes have been associated with the different neuropathological events involved in LOAD, such as the pathological processing of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Tau protein, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurovascular alterations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, among others. Interestingly, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology, many polymorphisms associated with LOAD have been identified. This review aims to analyze the new genetic findings that are closely related to the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, it analyzes the multiple mutations identified to date through GWAS that are associated with a high or low risk of developing this neurodegeneration. Understanding genetic variability will allow for the identification of early biomarkers and opportune therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Paola Jeronimo-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
- National Brain Bank-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican Republic
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
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25
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Mills MS, Whitehead BR, Howells Wrobel N. Race and Personal Exposure to AD Influence Projected Memory Failure Attributions and Help-Seeking Behaviors. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:53-65. [PMID: 32274979 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1751765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine race and personal exposure to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) on projected memory failure attributions and medical help-seeking thresholds of pre-morbid adults. The goal is to better understand race discrepancies in help-seeking for those potentially at risk for early-onset AD. METHODS 498 adults aged 40 to 65 (M = 52.27), screened for current memory failure, completed an online questionnaire exploring their help-seeking intentions and threshold, attributions of hypothetical memory failures, and level of AD concern. RESULTS Non-Hispanic Whites (n = 248) were significantly more concerned about AD than African Americans (n = 250) (p =.027). Personal exposure to AD moderated the impact of race on memory failure attributions (p =.036), so that personal exposure was more influential for African Americans. Those who were more likely to attribute hypothetical memory failures to AD had lower projected thresholds for seeking a medical evaluation (p =.010). Memory failure attribution emerged as a potential mediator of the impact of race on projected help-seeking behaviors (p =.057). CONCLUSIONS African Americans were more influenced by personal experience when considering the causes of hypothetical memory failures. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Healthcare providers should emphasize to African American families the value of early AD detection and treatment in terms of quality of life for both patient and caregiver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa S Mills
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Brenda R Whitehead
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Nancy Howells Wrobel
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
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26
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Ukraintseva S, Duan M, Simanek AM, Holmes R, Bagley O, Rajendrakumar AL, Yashkin AP, Akushevich I, Tropsha A, Whitson H, Yashin A, Arbeev K. Vaccination Against Pneumonia May Provide Genotype-Specific Protection Against Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:499-505. [PMID: 37807778 PMCID: PMC10657669 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine repurposing that considers individual genotype may aid personalized prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this retrospective cohort study, we used Cardiovascular Health Study data to estimate associations of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and flu shots received between ages 65-75 with AD onset at age 75 or older, taking into account rs6859 polymorphism in NECTIN2 gene (AD risk factor). Pneumococcal vaccine, and total count of vaccinations against pneumonia and flu, were associated with lower odds of AD in carriers of rs6859 A allele, but not in non-carriers. We conclude that pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is a promising candidate for genotype-tailored AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda M. Simanek
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Holmes
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aravind L. Rajendrakumar
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arseniy P. Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Igor Akushevich
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather Whitson
- Center for Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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27
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Suchy-Dicey A, Howard B, Longstreth WT, Reiman EM, Buchwald D. APOE genotype, hippocampus, and cognitive markers of Alzheimer's disease in American Indians: Data from the Strong Heart Study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2518-2526. [PMID: 35142437 PMCID: PMC9363523 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele confers higher risk of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but differs by race/ethnicity. We examined this association in American Indians. METHODS The Strong Heart Study is a population-based cohort of American Indians who were 64 to 95 years of age in 2010 to 2013. APOE ε4 status, brain imaging, and neuropsychological testing was collected in N = 811 individuals. Summary statistics, graphics, and generalized linear regressions-adjusted for sociodemographics, clinical features, and intracranial volume with bootstrap variance estimator-compared APOE ε4 carriers with non-carriers. RESULTS APOE ε4 carriers comprised 22% of the population (0.7% homozygotes). Participants were mean 73 years, 67% female, and 54% had some college education. The majority were obese (>50%), hypertensive (>80%), and diabetic (>50%). Neither imaging findings nor multidomain cognitive testing showed any substantive differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of neurodegenerative risk from APOE ε4 in American Indians. Additional studies are needed to examine potential protective features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Suchy-Dicey
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barbara Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - W T Longstreth
- University of Washington Neurology and Epidemiology Departments, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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28
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Casten R, Leiby BE, Kelley M, Rovner BW. A randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a diabetes behavioral intervention to prevent memory decline in older blacks/African Americans with diabetes and mild cognitive impairment. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 123:106977. [PMID: 36341847 PMCID: PMC9787831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of dementia in Blacks/African Americans (AAs) is almost twice that of Whites. Inequities in access to health care, socioeconomic conditions, and diabetes contribute to this disparity. Poorly controlled diabetes, which is more prevalent in Blacks/AAs, causes microvascular disease and neurodegeneration and increases dementia risk. Improving glycemic control, therefore, may prevent cognitive decline. To address this issue, we developed Diabetes Regulation for Eyesight and Memory (DREAM), a community health worker (CHW)-led behavioral intervention to improve diabetes self-management and thereby prevent cognitive decline. DREAM consists of home-based diabetes education, goal setting, and telehealth visits with a diabetes nurse educator. Exploratory aims will investigate whether APOE genotype moderates and retinal biomarkers mediate treatment effects. This report describes the trial's rationale, methodology, and study procedures. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04259047). METHODS This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy of DREAM to prevent decline in memory (primary outcome) in Blacks/AAs aged 65+ with poorly controlled diabetes and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Two hundred participants will be randomized to DREAM or an attention control condition, and will receive 11 in-home treatment sessions over two years. Outcome data are collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome is verbal learning as measured by Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) Total Recall scores. Participants will have retinal imaging at baseline, 12, and 24 months. CONCLUSIONS This research aims to prevent cognitive decline in older Blacks/AAs with diabetes and MCI. If successful, this research will preserve health in an underserved population and reduce racial health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Casten
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas, Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Suite 709, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Benjamin E Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney, Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 130 S. 19(th) St, 17(th) Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Megan Kelley
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 1015, Walnut Street, Suite 709, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Barry W Rovner
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Katsumata Y, Shade LM, Hohman TJ, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Farfel JM, Kukull WA, Fardo DW, Nelson PT. Multiple gene variants linked to Alzheimer's-type clinical dementia via GWAS are also associated with non-Alzheimer's neuropathologic entities. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105880. [PMID: 36191742 PMCID: PMC9641973 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (AD neuropathologic changes, or ADNC). However, brains from individuals clinically diagnosed with "AD-type" (amnestic) dementia usually harbor heterogeneous neuropathologies in addition to, or other than, ADNC. We hypothesized that some AD-type dementia associated genetic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) identified from large genomewide association studies (GWAS) were associated with non-ADNC neuropathologies. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed data from multiple studies with available genotype and neuropathologic phenotype information. Clinical AD/dementia risk alleles of interest were derived from the very large GWAS by Bellenguez et al. (2022) who reported 83 clinical AD/dementia-linked SNVs in addition to the APOE risk alleles. To query the pathologic phenotypes associated with variation of those SNVs, National Alzheimer's disease Coordinating Center (NACC) neuropathologic data were linked to AD Sequencing Project (ADSP) and AD Genomics Consortium (ADGC) data. Separate data were obtained from the harmonized Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). A total of 4811 European participants had at least ADNC neuropathology data and also genotype data available; data were meta-analyzed across cohorts. As expected, a subset of dementia-associated SNVs were associated with ADNC risk in Europeans-e.g., BIN1, PICALM, CR1, MME, and COX7C. Other gene variants linked to (clinical) AD dementia were associated with non-ADNC pathologies. For example, the associations of GRN and TMEM106B SNVs with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC) were replicated. In addition, SNVs in TNIP1 and WNT3 previously reported as AD-related were instead associated with hippocampal sclerosis pathology. Some genotype/neuropathology association trends were not statistically significant at P < 0.05 after correcting for multiple testing, but were intriguing. For example, variants in SORL1 and TPCN1 showed trends for association with LATE-NC whereas Lewy body pathology trended toward association with USP6NL and BIN1 gene variants. A smaller cohort of non-European subjects (n = 273, approximately one-half of whom were African-Americans) provided the basis for additional exploratory analyses. Overall, these findings were consistent with the hypothesis that some genetic variants linked to AD dementia risk exert their affect by influencing non-ADNC neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lincoln M Shade
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose M Farfel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Gao S, Hao JW, Zhao YN, Li X, Wang T, Han ZF, Sun BL, Sun JY, Liu GY. An updated analysis of the association between CD2-associated protein gene rs9349407 polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease in Chinese population. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:1006164. [DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1006164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSince 2011, three large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have confirmed that the CD2AP rs9349407 polymorphism is significantly connected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in individuals of European descent. Subsequently, this association has been replicated in European populations, but is unclear whether it can be replicated in Chinese. Recently, the correlation between rs9349407 and AD in the Chinese population has become a research hotspot.ObjectiveTo explore the association between rs9349407 polymorphism and AD in the Chinese population.Materials and methodsFirstly, based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, we selected 11 independent studies from 8 articles exploring the correlation between rs9349407 variation and AD in Chinese. Secondly, we conducted a meta-analysis based on fixed and random effect models and conducted a heterogeneity test. Thirdly, we used the additive model, dominant model, and recessive model for subgroup analysis.ResultsWe demonstrated that the CD2AP rs9349407 polymorphism increases AD susceptibility in Chinese populations (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.08–1.64, P = 7.45E-03), which is consistent with the effect observed in Caucasian populations. Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that rs9349407 under the additive model (GG + CC vs. GC, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97, P = 2.04E-02) and dominant model (GG + GC vs. CC, OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.32–0.74, P = 8.51E-04) were also significantly correlated with AD susceptibility, but not under the recessive model (GG vs. GC + CC, OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.58–1.03, P = 7.44E-02).ConclusionThese existing data suggest that rs9349307 is significantly correlated with the susceptibility to AD in the Chinese population, but future studies with large samples are needed to confirm our findings.
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Gao C, Shen X, Tan Y, Chen S. Pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies and biomarker development based on "omics" analysis related to microglia in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:215. [PMID: 36058959 PMCID: PMC9441025 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. Among various pathophysiological aspects, microglia are considered to play important roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) showed that the majority of AD risk genes are highly or exclusively expressed in microglia, underscoring the critical roles of microglia in AD pathogenesis. Recently, omics technologies have greatly advanced our knowledge of microglia biology in AD. Omics approaches, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics/lipidomics, present remarkable opportunities to delineate the underlying mechanisms, discover novel diagnostic biomarkers, monitor disease progression, and shape therapeutic strategies for diseases. In this review, we summarized research based on microglial "omics" analysis in AD, especially the recent research advances in the identification of AD-associated microglial subsets. This review reinforces the important role of microglia in AD and advances our understanding of the mechanism of microglia in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, we proposed the value of microglia-based omics in the development of therapeutic strategies and biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Ma JP, Robbins CB, Lee JM, Soundararajan S, Stinnett SS, Agrawal R, Plassman BL, Lad EM, Whitson H, Grewal DS, Fekrat S. Longitudinal Analysis of the Retina and Choroid in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Higher Genetic Risk of Alzheimer Disease. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:607-619. [PMID: 35283324 PMCID: PMC9271592 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the baseline differences and longitudinal rate of change in retinal and choroidal imaging parameters between apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. DESIGN Prospective study. SUBJECTS Four hundred thirteen eyes of 218 individuals with normal cognition aged ≥ 55 years with known APOE status (98 APOE ε4 carriers and 120 noncarriers). The exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal or neurodegenerative disease. METHODS OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed at baseline and 2 years (Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex; Zeiss Meditec). The groups were compared using sex- and age-adjusted generalized estimating equations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OCT parameters: retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness (CST), and choroidal vascularity index. OCT angiography parameters: foveal avascular zone area, perfusion density (PD), vessel density, peripapillary capillary PD (CPD), and capillary flux index (CFI). The rate of change per year was calculated. RESULTS At the baseline, the APOE ε4 carriers had lower CST (P = 0.018), PD in the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.049), and temporal CFI (P = 0.047). Seventy-one APOE ε4 carriers and 78 noncarriers returned at 2 years; at follow-up, the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.05) and outer ring (P = 0.049) showed lower PD in the APOE ε4 carriers, with no differences in the rates of change between the groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was exploratory evidence of differences in the CST, PD, and peripapillary CFI between the APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. Larger and longer-term studies may help further elucidate the potential prognostic value of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Ma
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cason B Robbins
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jia Min Lee
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinath Soundararajan
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandra S Stinnett
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Heather Whitson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dilraj S Grewal
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sharon Fekrat
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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Saiyasit N, Butlig EAR, Chaney SD, Traylor MK, Hawley NA, Randall RB, Bobinger HV, Frizell CA, Trimm F, Crook ED, Lin M, Hill BD, Keller JL, Nelson AR. Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diverse Communities With Health Disparities-Contributions to Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:915405. [PMID: 35844216 PMCID: PMC9279126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.915405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are an expanding worldwide crisis. In the absence of scientific breakthroughs, the global prevalence of ADRD will continue to increase as more people are living longer. Racial or ethnic minority groups have an increased risk and incidence of ADRD and have often been neglected by the scientific research community. There is mounting evidence that vascular insults in the brain can initiate a series of biological events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and ADRD. We are a group of researchers interested in developing and expanding ADRD research, with an emphasis on vascular contributions to dementia, to serve our local diverse community. Toward this goal, the primary objective of this review was to investigate and better understand health disparities in Alabama and the contributions of the social determinants of health to those disparities, particularly in the context of vascular dysfunction in ADRD. Here, we explain the neurovascular dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Next, we ascertain ethnoregional health disparities of individuals living in Alabama, as well as relevant vascular risk factors linked to AD. We also discuss current pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment options for neurovascular dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, including relevant studies and ongoing clinical trials. Overall, individuals in Alabama are adversely affected by social and structural determinants of health leading to health disparities, driven by rurality, ethnic minority status, and lower socioeconomic status (SES). In general, these communities have limited access to healthcare and healthy food and other amenities resulting in decreased opportunities for early diagnosis of and pharmaceutical treatments for ADRD. Although this review is focused on the current state of health disparities of ADRD patients in Alabama, future studies must include diversity of race, ethnicity, and region to best be able to treat all individuals affected by ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Evan-Angelo R. Butlig
- Department of Neurology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha D. Chaney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Miranda K. Traylor
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Nanako A. Hawley
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Ryleigh B. Randall
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Hanna V. Bobinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Carl A. Frizell
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Franklin Trimm
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Errol D. Crook
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Mike Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Keller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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Ruffini N, Klingenberg S, Heese R, Schweiger S, Gerber S. The Big Picture of Neurodegeneration: A Meta Study to Extract the Essential Evidence on Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Network-Based Approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866886. [PMID: 35832065 PMCID: PMC9271745 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The common features of all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease, are the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons, leading to cognitive decline and locomotive dysfunction. Still, they differ in their ultimate manifestation, the affected brain region, and the kind of proteinopathy. In the last decades, a vast number of processes have been described as associated with neurodegenerative diseases, making it increasingly harder to keep an overview of the big picture forming from all those data. In this meta-study, we analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data of the aforementioned diseases using the data of 234 studies in a network-based approach to study significant general coherences but also specific processes in individual diseases or omics levels. In the analysis part, we focus on only some of the emerging findings, but trust that the meta-study provided here will be a valuable resource for various other researchers focusing on specific processes or genes contributing to the development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffini
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Leibniz Association, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Klingenberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raoul Heese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Bossaerts L, Cacace R, Van Broeckhoven C. The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:31. [PMID: 35477481 PMCID: PMC9044696 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, clinically characterized by memory deficits and progressive cognitive decline. Despite decades of research effective therapies are lacking, and a large part of the genetic heritability remains unidentified. ABCA7 and ABCA1, members of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA), were identified as AD risk genes in genome-wide association studies. Nevertheless, genetic and/or functional studies propose a link between AD and two other members of the ABCA subclass, i.e., ABCA2 and ABCA5. Main body Changes in expression or dysfunction of these transporters were found to increase amyloid β levels. This might be related to the common role of ABCA transporters in cellular cholesterol homeostasis, for which a prominent role in AD development has been suggested. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion on the contribution of the ABCA subfamily to the etiopathogenesis of AD. Conclusions A better understanding of the function and identification of disease-associated genetic variants in ABCA transporters can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Bossaerts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp - CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bossaerts L, Hendrickx Van de Craen E, Cacace R, Asselbergh B, Van Broeckhoven C. Rare missense mutations in ABCA7 might increase Alzheimer's disease risk by plasma membrane exclusion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:43. [PMID: 35361255 PMCID: PMC8973822 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily A member 7 gene (ABCA7) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in large genome-wide association studies. Targeted sequencing of ABCA7 suggests a role for rare premature termination codon (PTC) mutations in AD, with haploinsufficiency through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay as a plausible pathogenic mechanism. Since other classes of rare variants in ABCA7 are poorly understood, we investigated the contribution and pathogenicity of rare missense, indel and splice variants in ABCA7 in Belgian AD patient and control cohorts. We identified 8.36% rare variants in the patient cohort versus 6.05% in the control cohort. For 10 missense mutations identified in the Belgian cohort we analyzed the pathogenetic effect on protein localization in vitro using immunocytochemistry. Our results demonstrate that rare ABCA7 missense mutations can contribute to AD by inducing protein mislocalization, resulting in a lack of functional protein at the plasma membrane. In one pedigree, a mislocalization-inducing missense mutation in ABCA7 (p.G1820S) co-segregated with AD in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Brain autopsy of six patient missense mutation carriers showed typical AD neuropathological characteristics including cerebral amyloid angiopathy type 1. Also, among the rare ABCA7 missense mutations, we observed mutations that affect amino acid residues that are conserved in ABCA1 and ABCA4, of which some correspond to established ABCA1 or ABCA4 disease-causing mutations involved in Tangier or Stargardt disease.
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Khan MJ, Chung NA, Hansen S, Dumitrescu L, Hohman TJ, Kamboh MI, Lopez OL, Robinson RAS. Targeted Lipidomics To Measure Phospholipids and Sphingomyelins in Plasma: A Pilot Study To Understand the Impact of Race/Ethnicity in Alzheimer's Disease. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4165-4174. [PMID: 35235294 PMCID: PMC9126486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing rapidly every year. One aspect of AD that is often overlooked is the disproportionate incidence of AD among African American/Black populations. With the recent development of novel assays for lipidomics analysis in recent times, there has been a drastic increase in the number of studies focusing on changes of lipids in AD. However, very few of these studies have focused on or even included samples from African American/Black individuals samples. In this study, we aimed to determine if the lipidome in AD is universal across non-Hispanic White and African American/Black individuals. To accomplish this, a targeted mass spectrometry lipidomics analysis was performed on plasma samples (N = 113) obtained from cognitively normal (CN, N = 54) and AD (N = 59) individuals from African American/Black (N = 56) and non-Hispanic White (N = 57) backgrounds. Five lipids (PS 18:0_18:0, PS 18:0_20:0, PC 16:0_22:6, PC 18:0_22:6, and PS 18:1_22:6) were altered between AD and CN sample groups (p value < 0.05). Upon racial stratification, there were notable differences in lipids that were unique to African American/Black or non-Hispanic White individuals. PS 20:0_20:1 was reduced in AD in samples from non-Hispanic White but not African American/Black adults. We also tested whether race/ethnicity significantly modified the association between lipids and AD status by including a race × diagnosis interaction term in a linear regression model. PS 20:0_20:1 showed a significant interaction (p = 0.004). The discovery of lipid changes in AD in this study suggests that identifying relevant lipid biomarkers for diagnosis will require diversity in sample cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa J Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nadjali A Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Shania Hansen
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Evidence for Enhanced Efficacy of Passive Immunotherapy against Beta-Amyloid in CD33-Negative 5xFAD Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030399. [PMID: 35327591 PMCID: PMC8945487 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy is a very promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among the different antibodies under development, those targeting post-translationally modified Aβ peptides might combine efficient reduction in beta-amyloid accompanied by lower sequestration in peripheral compartments and thus anticipated and reduced treatment-related side effects. In that regard, we recently demonstrated that the antibody-mediated targeting of isoD7-modified Aβ peptides leads to the attenuation of AD-like amyloid pathology in 5xFAD mice. In order to assess novel strategies to enhance the efficacy of passive vaccination approaches, we investigated the role of CD33 for Aβ phagocytosis in transgenic mice treated with an isoD7-Aβ antibody. We crossbred 5xFAD transgenic mice with CD33 knock out (CD33KO) mice and compared the amyloid pathology in the different genotypes of the crossbreds. The knockout of CD33 in 5xFAD mice leads to a significant reduction in Aβ plaques and concomitant rescue of behavioral deficits. Passive immunotherapy of 5xFAD/CD33KO showed a significant increase in plaque-surrounding microglia compared to 5xFAD treated with the antibody. Additionally, we observed a stronger lowering of Aβ plaque load after passive immunotherapy in 5xFAD/CD33KO mice. The data suggest an additive effect of passive immunotherapy and CD33KO in terms of lowering Aβ pathology. Hence, a combination of CD33 antagonists and monoclonal antibodies might represent a strategy to enhance efficacy of passive immunotherapy in AD.
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Kondo T, Hara N, Koyama S, Yada Y, Tsukita K, Nagahashi A, Ikeuchi T, Ishii K, Asada T, Arai T, Yamada R, Inoue H. Dissection of the polygenic architecture of neuronal Aβ production using a large sample of individual iPSC lines derived from Alzheimer's disease patients. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:125-139. [PMID: 37117761 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that polygenic risks shape Alzheimer's disease (AD). To elucidate the polygenic architecture of AD phenotypes at a cellular level, we established induced pluripotent stem cells from 102 patients with AD, differentiated them into cortical neurons and conducted a genome-wide analysis of the neuronal production of amyloid β (Aβ). Using such a cellular dissection of polygenicity (CDiP) approach, we identified 24 significant genome-wide loci associated with alterations in Aβ production, including some loci not previously associated with AD, and confirmed the influence of some of the corresponding genes on Aβ levels by the use of small interfering RNA. CDiP genotype sets improved the predictions of amyloid positivity in the brains and cerebrospinal fluid of patients in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Secondary analyses of exome sequencing data from the Japanese ADNI and the ADNI cohorts focused on the 24 CDiP-derived loci associated with alterations in Aβ led to the identification of rare AD variants in KCNMA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kondo
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Unit of Statistical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsukita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagahashi
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Asada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Unit of Statistical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan.
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- iPSC-based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
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Duara R, Barker W. Heterogeneity in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Progression Rates: Implications for Therapeutic Trials. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:8-25. [PMID: 35084721 PMCID: PMC9130395 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical presentation and the pathological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be very heterogeneous in severity, location, and composition including the amount and distribution of AB deposition and spread of neurofibrillary tangles in different brain regions resulting in atypical clinical patterns and the existence of distinct AD variants. Heterogeneity in AD may be related to demographic factors (such as age, sex, educational and socioeconomic level) and genetic factors, which influence underlying pathology, the cognitive and behavioral phenotype, rate of progression, the occurrence of neuropsychiatric features, and the presence of comorbidities (e.g., vascular disease, neuroinflammation). Heterogeneity is also manifest in the individual resilience to the development of neuropathology (brain reserve) and the ability to compensate for its cognitive and functional impact (cognitive and functional reserve). The variability in specific cognitive profiles and types of functional impairment may be associated with different progression rates, and standard measures assessing progression may not be equivalent for individual cognitive and functional profiles. Other factors, which may govern the presence, rate, and type of progression of AD, include the individuals' general medical health, the presence of specific systemic conditions, and lifestyle factors, including physical exercise, cognitive and social stimulation, amount of leisure activities, environmental stressors, such as toxins and pollution, and the effects of medications used to treat medical and behavioral conditions. These factors that affect progression are important to consider while designing a clinical trial to ensure, as far as possible, well-balanced treatment and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
- Departments of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Warren Barker
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
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Stepler KE, Gillyard TR, Reed CB, Avery TM, Davis JS, Robinson RA. ABCA7, a Genetic Risk Factor Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Risk in African Americans. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:5-19. [PMID: 35034901 PMCID: PMC10984370 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
African American/Black adults are twice as likely to have Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to non-Hispanic White adults. Genetics partially contributes to this disparity in AD risk, among other factors, as there are several genetic variants associated with AD that are more prevalent in individuals of African or European ancestry. The phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA7 (ABCA7) gene has stronger associations with AD risk in individuals with African ancestry than in individuals with European ancestry. In fact, ABCA7 has been shown to have a stronger effect size than the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele in African American/Black adults. ABCA7 is a transmembrane protein involved in lipid homeostasis and phagocytosis. ABCA7 dysfunction is associated with increased amyloid-beta production, reduced amyloid-beta clearance, impaired microglial response to inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This review explores the impact of ABCA7 mutations that increase AD risk in African American/Black adults on ABCA7 structure and function and their contributions to AD pathogenesis. The combination of biochemical/biophysical and 'omics-based studies of these variants needed to elucidate their downstream impact and molecular contributions to AD pathogenesis is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taneisha R. Gillyard
- Meharry Medical College Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Calla B. Reed
- Vanderbilt University Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tyra M. Avery
- Fisk University Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamaine S. Davis
- Meharry Medical College Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renã A.S. Robinson
- Vanderbilt University Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
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Rubin L, Ingram LA, Resciniti NV, Ashford-Carroll B, Leith KH, Rose A, Ureña S, McCollum Q, Friedman DB. Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease in Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations in the U.S.: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2021; 9:784958. [PMID: 35004586 PMCID: PMC8739784 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.784958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: As the United States (U.S.) population rapidly ages, the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRDs) is rising, with racial/ethnic minorities affected at disproportionate rates. Much research has been undertaken to test, sequence, and analyze genetic risk factors for ADRDs in Caucasian populations, but comparatively little has been done with racial/ethnic minority populations. We conducted a scoping review to examine the nature and extent of the research that has been published about the genetic factors of ADRDs among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. Design: Using an established scoping review methodological framework, we searched electronic databases for articles describing peer-reviewed empirical studies or Genome-Wide Association Studies that had been published 2005-2018 and focused on ADRD-related genes or genetic factors among underrepresented racial/ethnic minority population in the U.S. Results: Sixty-six articles met the inclusion criteria for full text review. Well-established ADRD genetic risk factors for Caucasian populations including APOE, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 have not been studied to the same degree in minority U.S. populations. Compared to the amount of research that has been conducted with Caucasian populations in the U.S., racial/ethnic minority communities are underrepresented. Conclusion: Given the projected growth of the aging population and incidence of ADRDs, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, increased focus on this important segment of the population is warranted. Our review can aid researchers in developing fundamental research questions to determine the role that ADRD risk genes play in the heavier burden of ADRDs in racial/ethnic minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Rubin
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Lucy A. Ingram
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Nicholas V. Resciniti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Brianna Ashford-Carroll
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Katherine Henrietta Leith
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey Rose
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Stephanie Ureña
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Quentin McCollum
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Daniela B. Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Lu L, Yao QY, Ruan SS, Hu JW, Long WJ, Dai WZ, Ma T, Zhu XC. Explore the role of CR1 genetic variants in late-onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:216-229. [PMID: 34347684 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (CR1) is an interesting candidate gene which has a close connection with Alzheimer's disease, and its polymorphisms have been reported to link to the late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility. However, the findings of these related studies are inconsistent. Objective To explore the effect of CR1 genetic variants in LOAD susceptibility. MethodsWe searched relevant studies for the period up to 1 November 2020. And odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to assess the strength of the association. In addition, we carried out a case-control association study to assess their genetic association. RESULTS Finally, a total of 30 articles with 30108 LOAD cases and 37895 controls were included. Significant allele frequency between LOAD patients and controls was observed in rs3818361 and rs6656401 (rs3818361, T vs. C: OR,1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.23; rs6656401, A vs. G: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.36). Moreover, these results remain significant in subgroup of rs3818361 in Asia or America (OR,1.26; 95% CI,1.06-1.45; OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24, respectively) and rs6656401 in Europe (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.42). In addition, the two single nucleotide polymorphisms were proved to significantly increase LOAD risk in the overall population under the dominant model (OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21; OR = 1.18, 95% CI, 1.15-1.22, respectively). Our case-control study showed that the distribution of rs6656401 genotype was significant (P = 0.000; OR, 6.889; 95% CI, 2.709-17.520), suggesting the A allele of rs6656401 is the risk allele. CONCLUSION These available data indicate that rs6656401 in CR1 is significant to increase LOAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Qing-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Sha-Sha Ruan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jia-Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Wen-Jun Long
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Wen-Zhuo Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Neurology, The WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Neurology, The WuXi NO.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Bocharova A, Vagaitseva K, Marusin A, Zhukova N, Zhukova I, Minaycheva L, Makeeva O, Stepanov V. Association and Gene-Gene Interactions Study of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in the Russian Population. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101647. [PMID: 34681041 PMCID: PMC8535278 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and represents the most common cause of dementia. In this study, we performed several different analyses to detect loci involved in development of the late onset AD in the Russian population. DNA samples from 472 unrelated subjects were genotyped for 63 SNPs using iPLEX Assay and real-time PCR. We identified five genetic loci that were significantly associated with LOAD risk for the Russian population (TOMM40 rs2075650, APOE rs429358 and rs769449, NECTIN rs6857, APOE ε4). The results of the analysis based on comparison of the haplotype frequencies showed two risk haplotypes and one protective haplotype. The GMDR analysis demonstrated three significant models as a result: a one-factor, a two-factor and a three-factor model. A protein-protein interaction network with three subnetworks was formed for the 24 proteins. Eight proteins with a large number of interactions are identified: APOE, SORL1, APOC1, CD33, CLU, TOMM40, CNTNAP2 and CACNA1C. The present study confirms the importance of the APOE-TOMM40 locus as the main risk locus of development and progress of LOAD in the Russian population. Association analysis and bioinformatics approaches detected interactions both at the association level of single SNPs and at the level of genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bocharova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.V.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kseniya Vagaitseva
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.V.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrey Marusin
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.V.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Natalia Zhukova
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (N.Z.); (I.Z.)
- Nebbiolo Center for Clinical Trials, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Irina Zhukova
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (N.Z.); (I.Z.)
- Nebbiolo Center for Clinical Trials, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Larisa Minaycheva
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.V.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Oksana Makeeva
- Nebbiolo Center for Clinical Trials, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Vadim Stepanov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (K.V.); (A.M.); (L.M.); (V.S.)
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Deep post-GWAS analysis identifies potential risk genes and risk variants for Alzheimer's disease, providing new insights into its disease mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20511. [PMID: 34654853 PMCID: PMC8519945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. It affects more than 45 million people worldwide and currently remains untreatable. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many AD-associated common variants, only about 25 genes are currently known to affect the risk of developing AD, despite its highly polygenic nature. Moreover, the risk variants underlying GWAS AD-association signals remain unknown. Here, we describe a deep post-GWAS analysis of AD-associated variants, using an integrated computational framework for predicting both disease genes and their risk variants. We identified 342 putative AD risk genes in 203 risk regions spanning 502 AD-associated common variants. 246 AD risk genes have not been identified as AD risk genes by previous GWAS collected in GWAS catalogs, and 115 of 342 AD risk genes are outside the risk regions, likely under the regulation of transcriptional regulatory elements contained therein. Even more significantly, for 109 AD risk genes, we predicted 150 risk variants, of both coding and regulatory (in promoters or enhancers) types, and 85 (57%) of them are supported by functional annotation. In-depth functional analyses showed that AD risk genes were overrepresented in AD-related pathways or GO terms—e.g., the complement and coagulation cascade and phosphorylation and activation of immune response—and their expression was relatively enriched in microglia, endothelia, and pericytes of the human brain. We found nine AD risk genes—e.g., IL1RAP, PMAIP1, LAMTOR4—as predictors for the prognosis of AD survival and genes such as ARL6IP5 with altered network connectivity between AD patients and normal individuals involved in AD progression. Our findings open new strategies for developing therapeutics targeting AD risk genes or risk variants to influence AD pathogenesis.
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Abstract
Nectins are immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules constituting a family with four members, nectin-1, nectin-2, nectin-3, and nectin-4. In the brain, nectin-2 as well as nectin-1 and nectin-3 are expressed whereas nectin-4 is hardly expressed. In the nervous system, physiological functions of nectin-1 and nectin-3, such as synapse formation, mossy fiber trajectory regulation, interneurite affinity, contextual fear memory formation, and stress-related mental disorders, have been revealed. Nectin-2 is ubiquitously expressed in non-neuronal tissues and various nectin-2 functions in non-nervous systems have been extensively investigated, but nectin-2 functions in the brain have not been revealed until recently. Recent findings have revealed that nectin-2 is expressed in the specific areas of the brain and plays important roles, such as homeostasis of astrocytes and neurons and the formation of synapses. Moreover, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the human NECTIN2 gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease. We here summarize recent progress in our understanding of nectin-2 functions in the brain.
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Ferguson SA, Panos JJ, Sloper D, Varma V, Sarkar S. Alzheimer's disease: a step closer to understanding type 3 diabetes in African Americans. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1803-1816. [PMID: 34021875 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and the most common cause of adult-onset dementia. Recent results suggest an increased prevalence and severity in African Americans compared to Caucasians. Our understanding of the potential mechanism(s) underlying this ethnicity difference is limited. We previously described ethnicity-related differences in levels of neurodegenerative proteins and cytokines/chemokines in the BA21 region of African Americans and Caucasians with AD. Here, similar multiplex assays were used to examine those endpoints in patient postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Additionally, we measured levels of C-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, leptin, PAI-1, resistin, and visfatin using a human diabetes 10-plex assay. The cytokine and chemokine assays revealed that levels of 26 chemokines or cytokines differed significantly with ethnicity, and three of those were significantly associated with gender. The neurodegenerative disease panel indicated that levels of soluble RAGE were significantly elevated in African Americans compared to Caucasians. All measures in the diabetes disease panel assay were significantly elevated in African Americans: ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, insulin, and visfatin. Through peripheral sample analysis, these results provide further evidence that ethnicity is critically involved in the manifestation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Ferguson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - John J Panos
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Daniel Sloper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Bocharova AV, Stepanov VA. Genetic Diversity of North Eurasia Populations by Genetic Markers Associated with Diseases Impairing Human Cognitive Functions. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421080020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dai J, Nishi A, Tran N, Yamamoto Y, Dewey G, Ugai T, Ogino S. Revisiting social MPE: an integration of molecular pathological epidemiology and social science in the new era of precision medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:869-886. [PMID: 34253130 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1952073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative transdisciplinary area examining the relationships between various exposures and pathogenic signatures of diseases. In line with the accelerating advancements in MPE, social science and its health-related interdisciplinary areas have also developed rapidly. Accumulating evidence indicates the pathological role of social-demographic factors. We therefore initially proposed social MPE in 2015, which aims to elucidate etiological roles of social-demographic factors and address health inequalities globally. With the ubiquity of molecular diagnosis, there are ample opportunities for researchers to utilize and develop the social MPE framework. AREAS COVERED Molecular subtypes of breast cancer have been investigated rigorously for understanding its etiologies rooted from social factors. Emerging evidence indicates pathogenic heterogeneity of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Presenting specific patterns of social-demographic factors across different molecular subtypes should be promising for advancing the screening, prevention, and treatment strategies of those heterogeneous diseases. This article rigorously reviewed literatures investigating differences of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status across molecular subtypes of breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease to date. EXPERT OPINION With advancements of the multi-omics technologies, we foresee a blooming of social MPE studies, which can address health disparities, advance personalized molecular medicine, and enhance public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Akihiro Nishi
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States.,California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA United States
| | - Nathan Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yasumasa Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - George Dewey
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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Nectins and Nectin-like molecules in synapse formation and involvement in neurological diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103653. [PMID: 34242750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are interneuronal junctions which form neuronal networks and play roles in a variety of functions, including learning and memory. Two types of junctions, synaptic junctions (SJs) and puncta adherentia junctions (PAJs), have been identified. SJs are found at all excitatory and inhibitory synapses whereas PAJs are found at excitatory synapses, but not inhibitory synapses, and particularly well developed at hippocampal mossy fiber giant excitatory synapses. Both SJs and PAJs are mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Major CAMs at SJs are neuroligins-neurexins and Nectin-like molecules (Necls)/CADMs/SynCAMs whereas those at PAJs are nectins and cadherins. In addition to synaptic PAJs, extrasynaptic PAJs have been identified at contact sites between neighboring dendrites near synapses and regulate synapse formation. In addition to SJs and PAJs, a new type of cell adhesion apparatus different from these junctional apparatuses has been identified and named nectin/Necl spots. One nectin spot at contact sites between neighboring dendrites at extrasynaptic regions near synapses regulates synapse formation. Several members of nectins and Necls had been identified as viral receptors before finding their physiological functions as CAMs and evidence is accumulating that many nectins and Necls are related to onset and progression of neurological diseases. We review here nectin and Necls in synapse formation and involvement in neurological diseases.
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