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Graso M, Aquino K, Chen FX, Bardosh K. Blaming the unvaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic: the roles of political ideology and risk perceptions in the USA. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2024; 50:246-252. [PMID: 37295936 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Individuals unvaccinated against COVID-19 (C19) experienced prejudice and blame for the pandemic. Because people vastly overestimate C19 risks, we examined whether these negative judgements could be partially understood as a form of scapegoating (ie, blaming a group unfairly for an undesirable outcome) and whether political ideology (previously shown to shape risk perceptions in the USA) moderates scapegoating of the unvaccinated. We grounded our analyses in scapegoating literature and risk perception during C19. We obtained support for our speculations through two vignette-based studies conducted in the USA in early 2022. We varied the risk profiles (age, prior infection, comorbidities) and vaccination statuses of vignette characters (eg, vaccinated, vaccinated without recent boosters, unvaccinated, unvaccinated-recovered), while keeping all other information constant. We observed that people hold the unvaccinated (vs vaccinated) more responsible for negative pandemic outcomes and that political ideology moderated these effects: liberals (vs conservatives) were more likely to scapegoat the unvaccinated (vs vaccinated), even when presented with information challenging the culpability of the unvaccinated known at the time of data collection (eg, natural immunity, availability of vaccines, time since last vaccination). These findings support a scapegoating explanation for a specific group-based prejudice that emerged during the C19 pandemic. We encourage medical ethicists to examine the negative consequences of significant C19 risk overestimation among the public. The public needs accurate information about health issues. That may involve combating misinformation that overestimates and underestimates disease risk with similar vigilance to error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Graso
- University of Groningen Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
- Otago Business School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karl Aquino
- Marketing and Behavioural Science Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fan Xuan Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin Bardosh
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Joudaki N, Ghafouri S, Bavarsad K, Farhadi F, Nasab MA, Afzalzadeh S, Moradzadegan H, Kahyesh RS. Evaluation of antibody titers in COVID-19 patients with cerebral or pulmonary symptoms and mild symptoms. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:124-131. [PMID: 38682065 PMCID: PMC11055446 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives This study aimed to compare the production of antibodies in three different groups of patients with COVID-19. These groups included patients with pulmonary and cerebral symptoms, as well as those with mild symptoms. Materials and Methods Blood samples were collected from 80 patients admitted to COVID-19-specific hospitals. The patients had various forms of SARS-CoV-2 disease, including those with pulmonary symptoms, brain involvement, and those with positive PCR test results but mild symptoms. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to determine the levels of IgM and IgG antibody titers. Results The levels of IgM and IgG antibody production differed significantly between groups of patients experiencing pulmonary symptoms and cerebral symptoms, with mild symptom patients also showing differences (P=0.0068), (P=0.0487), (P<0.0001), and (P=0.0120), respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between IgM antibody secretion and age or pulmonary involvement (P=0.1959). However, there was a direct and significant relationship between age and brain involvement (P=0.0317). Conclusion The findings of this study revealed that the risk of central nervous system involvement increases with age and that older people have lower antibody levels than younger people. Consequently, strengthening the immune systems of people over the age of 78 during this pandemic through vaccination and nutrition is very effective in reducing mortality in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Joudaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farbod Farhadi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Abbasi Nasab
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Afzalzadeh
- Department of Infectios Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Moradzadegan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi Kahyesh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Tejiokem MC, Abessolo HA, Nkodo JM, Ouethy M, Mayaka GB, Touha Y, Dikoume UA, Tchatchueng‐Mbougua JB, Noumbissi DC, Ndjeukam WT, Mbarga HOO, Ngoupo PAT, Moussi C, Garoua BH, Njouom R, Richard V. High seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among healthcare workers in Yaoundé, Cameroon after the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic and associated factors. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13239. [PMID: 38342486 PMCID: PMC10859237 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HWs) are at a high risk of exposure to emerging health threats. Following the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Cameroon, we explored the presence and persistence of naturally acquired antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the factors associated with seropositivity in HWs. METHODS Staff at two referral hospitals in Yaoundé or two Health District Hospitals in Obala and Mbalmayo were included in a 6-month prospective cohort analysis or cross-sectional survey, respectively. Seroprevalence and associated factors were determined, and Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess antibody persistence or positive seroconversion over time. RESULTS From August 2020 to March 2021, 426 HWs (median age: 31 years, interquartile range: 27-37 years; 66.4% female) were enrolled. The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 54.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49.1-58.8) and was significantly different between study sites (p = 0.04). Of the 216 HWs included in the 6-month cohort, 109 (50.5%) HWs were seropositive at inclusion; the probability of persistent antibodies or of becoming seropositive was 93.8% (95% CI: 84.2-100) and 78.9% (95% CI: 61.7-88.4), respectively. Seroconversion was associated with study site and occupation but not with infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. CONCLUSIONS We observed high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody and seroconversion among HWs associated with occupational risk. This suggests low compliance to the COVID-19 control measures. Continued training and implementation of IPC measures and accelerated preparedness are needed to better tackle future threats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermine Abessolo Abessolo
- Centre Spécialisé de Prise en Charge des Patients Covid‐19annexe 2 Hôpital Central de YaoundéYaoundéCameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte Moussi
- Délégation Régionale de la Santé Publique du CentreYaoundéCameroon
| | - Bonaventure Hollong Garoua
- Centre Spécialisé de Prise en Charge des Patients Covid‐19annexe 2 Hôpital Central de YaoundéYaoundéCameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- Service de virologieCentre Pasteur du CamerounYaoundéCameroon
| | - Vincent Richard
- Direction Internationale, Institut Pasteur, Réseau International des Instituts PasteurParisFrance
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Najimi N, Tajount L, Regragui Z, Remz C, Ait-Lhaj-Mhand R, Kadi C, Belayachi L, Seghrouchni F, Nadia dakka, El Hassani RA, Elharti E, Oumzil H, Bakri Y. Pre-pandemic antibodies screening against SARS-CoV-2 and virus detection among children diagnosed with eruptive fevers. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241260633. [PMID: 38836458 PMCID: PMC11155355 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241260633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies against the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NP) proteins, as well as neutralizing antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Additionally, it aims to detect viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in pre-pandemic archival pediatric specimens collected before the announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic spread on March 20th, 2020, in Morocco. The objective is to investigate the existence of pre-pandemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, to analyze IgG antibody levels in a cohort of 106 pre-pandemic pediatric participants. Using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we measured the IgG levels against the S and NP proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we staged a competitive ELISA assay to evaluate the neutralizing capability of these antibodies. We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to detect viral NP and ORF1ab genes of SARS-CoV-2 in oropharyngeal swabs. Moreover, we conducted on the same specimens a multiplexed RT-PCR to detect RNA of the most common 27 pathogens involved in lower respiratory tract infections. RESULTS Among the 106 serum samples, 13% (nn = =14) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using ELISA. Temporal analysis indicated varying IgG positivity levels across 2019. Neutralizing antibodies were found in 21% of the 28 samples analyzed, including two with high inhibition rates (93%). The SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using rRT-PCR in 14 samples. None of the samples tested positive for the other 27 pathogens associated with lower respiratory tract infections, using multiplexed RT-PCR. CONCLUSION Our study addresses the possibility, that COVID-19 infections occurred in Morocco before the recognized outbreak. On the other hand, some of the cases might reflect cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses or be influenced by previous viral exposures or vaccinations. Understanding these factors is crucial to comprehending pediatric immune responses to newly emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhaila Najimi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Rabat, Morocco and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Latifa Tajount
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, Materials for Environment Team, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zakia Regragui
- Virology Department, Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chaimae Remz
- Virology Department, Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Chaimae Kadi
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Rabat, Morocco and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Belayachi
- International University of Rabat (UIR), Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (CreSS), Faculty of Medecine, Health Sciences Research Centre (CReSS), International University of Rabat (UIR), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Seghrouchni
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Rabat, Morocco and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia dakka
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rabii Ameziane El Hassani
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Elmir Elharti
- Virology Department, Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Oumzil
- Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine at Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Stein RE, Colyer CJ, Corcoran KE, Mackay AM. Pathways to Immunity: Patterns of Excess Death Across the United States and Within Closed Religious Communities. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:2820-2835. [PMID: 37261578 PMCID: PMC10233516 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Public health officials promoted COVID-19 vaccines to limit burdens placed on the U.S. healthcare system and end the pandemic. People in some closed religious communities refused to vaccinate and likely acquired temporary immunity through infection. This paper compares the death rates in Amish, Old Order Mennonites, and conservative Mennonite groups to a rate estimated for the U.S. population. Approximately two-thirds of the U.S. population was immunized against COVID-19, while few in the Amish/Mennonite community were. We find divergent patterns. Once vaccines became available, excess deaths declined in the general population and remained elevated among Amish and Mennonites. Vaccination campaigns must consider and value the cultural beliefs of closed religious communities to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Stein
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6326, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6326, USA.
| | - Corey J Colyer
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6326, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6326, USA
| | - Katie E Corcoran
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6326, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6326, USA
| | - Annette M Mackay
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6326, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6326, USA
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Kang ES, Oh JS, Lee EJ, Hong S, Ahn SM, Lee CK, Yoo B, Kim YG. Anti-S1/RBD-Specific Antibody Formation After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Single-Center Prospective Observational Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e109. [PMID: 37038645 PMCID: PMC10086382 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The guidelines of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been continuously updated, with extensive discussion on the effectiveness of the COVID-19 booster vaccines and antibody generation associated with the different types of vaccine. We investigated the effects of the third dose of the mRNA vaccine on antibody titer and the factors associated with antibody production in patients with RA who had previously received two doses of the ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 vaccine. METHODS Between October 14, 2021 and June 17, 2022, two patient groups diagnosed with RA were recruited prospectively: one with two doses of ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 and the second group with the additional third mRNA vaccine. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers were determined through semiquantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Antibody titers were compared in both groups considering clinical features and medications. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with antibody production. Also, we followed up the antibody titers of whom completed the 3rd mRNA vaccination. RESULTS Among 261 patients, all patients were over 60 years old except for 7 patients and the average age was 65 years; 153 had completed two doses of ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19, while 108 patients had also received the third mRNA vaccine. The positive rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1/receptor binding domain-specific antibody (titer > 0.8 U/mL) were 97% (149/153) and 99% (107/108) respectively. However, positive rates for high antibody titer (> 250 U/mL) were found in only 31% (47/153) of group 1 but 94% (102/108) of group 2. Multivariate analysis revealed that corticosteroid use (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.75), older age (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.860-0.98), and male sex (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07-0.74) were associated with a lower rate of high antibody titer acquisition after two doses of ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19. Waning of antibody titers was observed in only two of 46 patients who followed up twice after the third mRNA vaccine inoculation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the third dose of the mRNA vaccine could be beneficial in RA patients with risk factors including older age, male sex, and corticosteroid use after two doses of ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Song Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Oh
- Department of Information Medicine, Big Data Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Min Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Hassan H, Chiavaralli J, Hassan A, Bedda L, Krischuns T, Chen KY, Li ASM, Delpal A, Decroly E, Vedadi M, Naffakh N, Agou F, Mallart S, Arafa RK, Arimondo PB. Design and synthesis of naturally-inspired SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:507-519. [PMID: 36970153 PMCID: PMC10034039 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A naturally inspired chemical library of 25 molecules was synthesised guided by 3-D dimensionality and natural product likeness factors to explore a new chemical space. The synthesised chemical library, consisting of fused-bridged dodecahydro-2a,6-epoxyazepino[3,4,5-c,d]indole skeletons, followed lead likeness factors in terms of molecular weight, C-sp3 fraction and Clog P. Screening of the 25 compounds against lung cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 led to the identification of 2 hits. Although the chemical library showed cytotoxicity, the two hits (3b, 9e) showed the highest antiviral activity (EC50 values of 3.7 and 1.4 μM, respectively) with an acceptable cytotoxicity difference. Computational analysis based on docking and molecular dynamics simulations against main protein targets in SARS-CoV-2 (main protease Mpro, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, non-structural protein nsp10-nsp16 complex and RBD/ACE2 complex) were performed. The computational analysis proposed the possible binding targets to be either Mpro or the nsp10-nsp16 complex. Biological assays were performed to confirm this proposition. A cell-based assay for Mpro protease activity using a reverse-nanoluciferase (Rev-Nluc) reporter confirmed that 3b targets Mpro. These results open the way towards further hit-to-lead optimisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Hassan
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Jeanne Chiavaralli
- Institut Pasteur, Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Chemogenomic and Biological Screening platform, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Afnan Hassan
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
| | - Loay Bedda
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
| | - Tim Krischuns
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Kuang-Yu Chen
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Alice Shi Ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto Canada
| | - Adrien Delpal
- CNRS - UMR7257 - AFMB - Aix-Marseille Université Marseille France
| | - Etienne Decroly
- CNRS - UMR7257 - AFMB - Aix-Marseille Université Marseille France
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto Canada
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG) San Francisco CA USA
| | - Nadia Naffakh
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Fabrice Agou
- Institut Pasteur, Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Chemogenomic and Biological Screening platform, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Sergio Mallart
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology 12578 Cairo Egypt
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, CNRS UMR no 3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Université Paris Cité F-75015 Paris France
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8
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Enzymatic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 infection with an emphasis on the telomere-associated enzymes. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:333-345. [PMID: 36707451 PMCID: PMC9883136 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be over in most countries. However, the unexpected behaviour and unstable nature of coronaviruses, including temporary hiatuses, re-emergence, emergence of new variants, and changing outbreak epicentres during the COVID-19 pandemic, have been frequently reported. The mentioned trend shows the fact that in addition to vaccine development, different strategies should be considered to deal effectively with this disease, in long term. In this regard, the role of enzymes in regulating immune responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently attracted much attention. Moreover, several reports confirm the association of short telomeres with sever COVID-19 symptoms. This review highlights the role of several enzymes involved in telomere length (TL) regulation and explains their relevance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Apparently, inhibition of telomere shortening (TS) through inhibition and/or activation of these enzymes could be a potential target in the treatment of COVID-19, which may also lead to a reduction in disease severity.
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Churiso G, Diriba K, Girma H, Tafere S. Laboratory Findings in Different Disease Status of COVID-19 Admitted Patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital Treatment Center, South Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4307-4320. [PMID: 35965852 PMCID: PMC9373995 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s370907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Millions were infected and many were dying because of the coronavirus disease 2019, since its emergence. The patients experience asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical disease with varying signs and symptoms. Decreased lymphocytes and abnormal liver and renal function tests are common among COVID-19 patients. Severe and critical cases show higher number of white blood cells, and neutrophils. However, studies showed different laboratory findings in different disease status. Therefore, this study investigated laboratory findings of COVID-19 admitted patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital treatment center, South Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study design was conducted on 220 patients confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction, and admitted to Dilla University Referral Hospital treatment center from September 2020 to July 2021. Data were collected from the patients’ record, and analyzed by GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1.244 software. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency while independent t-test was used to compare means of each parameter for each disease status. Results Of the 220 study cases, 120 (54.5%) were severe, 89 (40.5%) were moderate and 11 (5.0%) were mild. One hundred forty (71.1%) of the 197 laboratory tested cases, 87 (77.7%) of severe, and 49 (64.5%) of the moderate cases had neutrophils above normal range. However, 134 (68.0%) of them, 82 (73.2%) of severe and 49 (64.5%) of moderate cases showed decreased lymphocyte level. Most of the cases showed an increased level of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and total calcium. There was statistically significant mean neutrophils (p=0.04), number of white blood cells (p= 0.02), and creatinine level (p=0.00) difference between severe and mild cases. Conclusion Most of the severe COVID-19 patients showed increased neutrophils, liver function tests; and decreased lymphocytes; suggesting higher inflammation and lymphopenia. Therefore, patients with severe and critical disease status require close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Churiso
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Kuma Diriba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Girma
- Ohio State University, Global One Health Initiative, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Soressa Tafere
- COVID-19 Treatment Center, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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10
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miri C, Bouchlarhem A, boulouiz S, El ouafi N, Bazid Z. Pulmonary embolism with junctional tachycardia: A serious complication after COVID-19 vaccination. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 80:103983. [PMID: 35784614 PMCID: PMC9238028 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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11
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Rando HM, Brueffer C, Lordan R, Dattoli AA, Manheim D, Meyer JG, Mundo AI, Perrin D, Mai D, Wellhausen N, Gitter A, Greene CS. Molecular and Serologic Diagnostic Technologies for SARS-CoV-2. ARXIV 2022:arXiv:2204.12598v2. [PMID: 35547240 PMCID: PMC9094103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges that have spurred biotechnological research to address specific problems. Diagnostics is one area where biotechnology has been critical. Diagnostic tests play a vital role in managing a viral threat by facilitating the detection of infected and/or recovered individuals. From the perspective of what information is provided, these tests fall into two major categories, molecular and serological. Molecular diagnostic techniques assay whether a virus is present in a biological sample, thus making it possible to identify individuals who are currently infected. Additionally, when the immune system is exposed to a virus, it responds by producing antibodies specific to the virus. Serological tests make it possible to identify individuals who have mounted an immune response to a virus of interest and therefore facilitate the identification of individuals who have previously encountered the virus. These two categories of tests provide different perspectives valuable to understanding the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Within these categories, different biotechnological approaches offer specific advantages and disadvantages. Here we review the categories of tests developed for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus or antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the role of diagnostics in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halie M Rando
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America; Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America · Funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF 4552); the National Human Genome Research Institute (R01 HG010067)
| | | | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Ada Dattoli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Manheim
- 1DaySooner, Delaware, United States of America; Risk and Health Communication Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel · Funded by Center for Effective Altruism, Long Term Future Fund
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America · Funded by National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35 GM142502)
| | - Ariel I Mundo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Dimitri Perrin
- School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Mai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nils Wellhausen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony Gitter
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America · Funded by John W. and Jeanne M. Rowe Center for Research in Virology
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America; Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America · Funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF 4552); the National Human Genome Research Institute (R01 HG010067)
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12
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Graso M. The new normal: Covid-19 risk perceptions and support for continuing restrictions past vaccinations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266602. [PMID: 35395026 PMCID: PMC8993013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
I test the possibility that over-estimating negative consequences of COVID-19 (e.g., hospitalizations, deaths, and threats to children) will be associated with stronger support the 'new normal' (i.e., continuation of restrictions for an undefined period starting with wide-spread access to vaccines and completed vaccinations of vulnerable people). The new normal was assessed by endorsing practices such as vaccine passports, travel restrictions, mandatory masking, continuing contact tracing, and pursuing elimination. Results are based on five samples (N = 1,233 from April 2021 and N = 264 from January 2022) and suggest that people over-estimate COVID-19 risks to children and healthy people, as evidenced by median estimates that 5% of all global deaths were children, 29% were generally healthy people under 65, and that a healthy person under the age of 65 has 5% chance of dying from COVID-19. Over-estimates observed in this study align with those based on representative samples, and they were consistently related to stronger support for the new normal. This relationship emerged when participants estimated risks with percentages (core indicators) and indicated the extent to which risk-based statements are true/supported with evidence or false/unsupported (alternative indicators). People were notably more likely to support continuing restrictions if they believed that COVID-19 risk and risk mitigation tactics are true, even when they are not (e.g., children need to be prioritized for boosters). These relationships persisted when considering competing explanations (political ideology, statistics literacy, belief in conspiracy theories). I trace these effects to well-meaning efforts to prevent under-estimation. Public policy and people's perceptions of risks are intertwined, where even inaccurate judgments may influence decisions. Failure to combat all misinformation with equal rigor may jeopardize the restoration of the social and economic life essential for building adaptive post-pandemic societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Graso
- Department of Management, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Ziakas PD, Kourbeti IS, Mylonakis E. Comparative Analysis of Mortality From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Across the European Union Countries and the Effects of Vaccine Coverage. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac006. [PMID: 35146048 PMCID: PMC8825945 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mortality is a critical measure of disease impact. The European Union (EU) countries share the same regulatory framework but different implementation policies. Methods We extracted cumulative COVID-19 mortality data across the EU countries. We evaluated the 27 member states using the location quotient (LQ) to adjust for the expected mortality in the whole EU region, where an LQ <1 signifies a more and an LQ >1 a less favorable outcome. We categorized EU members into 3 distinct profiles based on their LQ estimates: favorable profile, LQ ≤0.9; unfavorable profile, LQ >1.10; and average profile, LQ between 0.9 and 1.10. We compared LQ estimates and profiles with the prevaccination era that ended in December 2020 with the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Results Twelve member states had a favorable profile, 4 had an average profile, and 11 had an unfavorable profile. In quantitative analysis, an improvement (negative LQ difference) was noted across countries with higher vaccination coverage (median, 71% fully vaccinated vs 57% for countries with positive LQ differences). There was a significant negative association between the share of fully vaccinated and LQ changes (ρ = –0.62, P < .001) and a significant 4-month lag effect. After COVID-19 vaccines became available, 4 countries improved their profile and 5 moved to a worse profile. Conclusions There is significant variability in mortality and impact of COVID-19 between countries, even if they share the same regulatory framework. Extending immunization coverage may lead the transition to a more favorable profile, and alter the trajectory of COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis D Ziakas
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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14
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Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of 552 Worldwide Cases. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020232. [PMID: 35214690 PMCID: PMC8874972 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, billions of vaccine doses have been administered to restrain the current COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Rare side effects, including intravascular blood clots, were reported in the general population after vaccination. Among these, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has been considered the most serious one. To shed further light on such an event, we conducted a literature search for case descriptions of CVST in vaccinated people. Findings were analyzed with emphasis on demographic characteristics, type of vaccine, site of thrombosis, clinical and histopathological findings. From 258 potential articles published till September 2021, 41 studies were retrieved for a total of 552 patients. Of these, 492 patients (89.1%) had received AZD1222/Vaxzevria, 45 (8.2%) BNT162b2/CX-024414 Spikevax, 15 (2.7%) JNJ-78436735, and 2 (0.3%) Covishield vaccine. CVST occurred in 382 women and 170 men (mean aged 44 years), and the median timing from the shot was 9 days (range 2–45). Thrombi were predominantly seen in transverse (84%), sigmoid (66%), and/or superior sagittal (56%) sinuses. Brain injury (chiefly intracranial bleeding) occurred in 32% of cases. Of 426 patients with detailed clinical course, 63% were discharged in good clinical conditions, at times with variable neurological sequelae, whereas 37% deceased, largely due to brain injury. This narrative review confirmed CVST as a rare event after (adenoviral vector) COVID-19 vaccination, with a women/men rate ratio of 2.25. Though the pathogenesis of thrombosis is still under discussion, currently available histopathological findings likely indicate an underlying immune vasculitis.
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15
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Frazier PI, Cashore JM, Duan N, Henderson SG, Janmohamed A, Liu B, Shmoys DB, Wan J, Zhang Y. Modeling for COVID-19 college reopening decisions: Cornell, a case study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112532119. [PMID: 34969678 PMCID: PMC8764692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112532119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider epidemiological modeling for the design of COVID-19 interventions in university populations, which have seen significant outbreaks during the pandemic. A central challenge is sensitivity of predictions to input parameters coupled with uncertainty about these parameters. Nearly 2 y into the pandemic, parameter uncertainty remains because of changes in vaccination efficacy, viral variants, and mask mandates, and because universities' unique characteristics hinder translation from the general population: a high fraction of young people, who have higher rates of asymptomatic infection and social contact, as well as an enhanced ability to implement behavioral and testing interventions. We describe an epidemiological model that formed the basis for Cornell University's decision to reopen for in-person instruction in fall 2020 and supported the design of an asymptomatic screening program instituted concurrently to prevent viral spread. We demonstrate how the structure of these decisions allowed risk to be minimized despite parameter uncertainty leading to an inability to make accurate point estimates and how this generalizes to other university settings. We find that once-per-week asymptomatic screening of vaccinated undergraduate students provides substantial value against the Delta variant, even if all students are vaccinated, and that more targeted testing of the most social vaccinated students provides further value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Frazier
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850;
| | - J Massey Cashore
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Ning Duan
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Shane G Henderson
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Alyf Janmohamed
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Brian Liu
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - David B Shmoys
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Jiayue Wan
- School of Operations Research & Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
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16
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The Early-Term Adverse Effects in Healthcare Personnel after CoronaVac Vaccination. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1026942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Calcaterra G, Bassareo PP, De Gregorio C, Barilla F, Romeo F, Mehta JL. COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Pro-thrombotic Immune Thrombocytopenia (VIPIT): State of the Art. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:11-17. [PMID: 35319381 PMCID: PMC9896421 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220321105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly throughout the world, scientists worked relentlessly to develop and test the safety and effectiveness of potential vaccines. Usually, the vaccine development process involves years of investigation and testing prior to gaining approval for use in practice. A pathogenic PF4-dependent syndrome, unrelated to the use of heparin therapy, may be manifested following the administration of viral vector vaccines. It leads to severe clot formation at unusual sites approximately in 1 out of 110.000 vaccinated persons. This side effect, although rare, represents a newly devastating clotting phenomenon manifested in otherwise healthy young adults, who are often female. An in-depth description of the specific biological mechanisms implicated in the syndrome is here summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Address correspondence to this author at the University College of Dublin, School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; E-mail:
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18
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Kugeler KJ, Podewils LJ, Alden NB, Burket TL, Kawasaki B, Biggerstaff BJ, Biggs HM, Zacks R, Foster MA, Lim T, McDonald E, Tate JE, Herlihy RK, Drobeniuc J, Cortese MM. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence by Community Survey and Residual Specimens, Denver, Colorado, July-August 2020. Public Health Rep 2021; 137:128-136. [PMID: 34752156 PMCID: PMC8721766 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211055137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is underestimated in surveillance data. Various approaches to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have different resource requirements and generalizability. We estimated the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Denver County, Colorado, via a cluster-sampled community survey. METHODS We estimated the overall seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 via a community seroprevalence survey in Denver County in July 2020, described patterns associated with seroprevalence, and compared results with cumulative COVID-19 incidence as reported to the health department during the same period. In addition, we compared seroprevalence as assessed with a temporally and geographically concordant convenience sample of residual clinical specimens from a commercial laboratory. RESULTS Based on 404 specimens collected through the community survey, 8.0% (95% CI, 3.9%-15.7%) of Denver County residents had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, an infection rate of about 7 times that of the 1.1% cumulative reported COVID-19 incidence during this period. The estimated infection-to-reported case ratio was highest among children (34.7; 95% CI, 11.1-91.2) and males (10.8; 95% CI, 5.7-19.3). Seroprevalence was highest among males of Black race or Hispanic ethnicity and was associated with previous COVID-19-compatible illness, a previous positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and close contact with someone who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Testing of 1598 residual clinical specimens yielded a seroprevalence of 6.8% (95% CI, 5.0%-9.2%); the difference between the 2 estimates was 1.2 percentage points (95% CI, -3.6 to 12.2 percentage points). CONCLUSIONS Testing residual clinical specimens provided a similar seroprevalence estimate yet yielded limited insight into the local epidemiology of COVID-19 and might be less representative of the source population than a cluster-sampled community survey. Awareness of the limitations of various sampling strategies is necessary when interpreting findings from seroprevalence assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten J. Kugeler
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nisha B. Alden
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Breanna Kawasaki
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Brad J. Biggerstaff
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Holly M. Biggs
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachael Zacks
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monique A. Foster
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Travis Lim
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily McDonald
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline E. Tate
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel K. Herlihy
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jan Drobeniuc
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret M. Cortese
- COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA,Margaret M. Cortese, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 Response Team, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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19
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Al-Jighefee HT, Najjar H, Ahmed MN, Qush A, Awwad S, Kamareddine L. COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms: Challenges and Safety Contemplations. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1196. [PMID: 34696306 PMCID: PMC8537163 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic as of March 2020, creating a global crisis and claiming millions of lives. To halt the pandemic and alleviate its impact on society, economy, and public health, the development of vaccines and antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 was a dire need. To date, various platforms have been utilized for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development, and over 200 vaccine candidates have been produced, many of which have obtained the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for emergency use. Despite this successful development and licensure, concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of these vaccines have arisen, given the unprecedented speed of vaccine development and the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains and variants. In this review, we summarize the different platforms used for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine development, discuss their strengths and limitations, and highlight the major safety concerns and potential risks associated with each vaccine type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel T. Al-Jighefee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.T.A.-J.); (H.N.); (M.N.A.); (A.Q.); (S.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hoda Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.T.A.-J.); (H.N.); (M.N.A.); (A.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Muna Nizar Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.T.A.-J.); (H.N.); (M.N.A.); (A.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Abeer Qush
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.T.A.-J.); (H.N.); (M.N.A.); (A.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Awwad
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.T.A.-J.); (H.N.); (M.N.A.); (A.Q.); (S.A.)
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.T.A.-J.); (H.N.); (M.N.A.); (A.Q.); (S.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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20
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Ghosh AK, Raghavaiah J, Shahabi D, Yadav M, Anson BJ, Lendy EK, Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Mitsuya H, Mesecar AD. Indole Chloropyridinyl Ester-Derived SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Inhibitors: Enzyme Inhibition, Antiviral Efficacy, Structure-Activity Relationship, and X-ray Structural Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14702-14714. [PMID: 34528437 PMCID: PMC8457330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, enzyme inhibition, antiviral activity, and X-ray crystallographic studies of 5-chloropyridinyl indole carboxylate derivatives as a potent class of SARS-CoV-2 chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors. Compound 1 exhibited a SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitory IC50 value of 250 nM and an antiviral EC50 value of 2.8 μM in VeroE6 cells. Remdesivir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, showed an antiviral EC50 value of 1.2 μM in the same assay. Compound 1 showed comparable antiviral activity with remdesivir in immunocytochemistry assays. Compound 7d with an N-allyl derivative showed the most potent enzyme inhibitory IC50 value of 73 nM. To obtain molecular insight into the binding properties of these molecules, X-ray crystal structures of compounds 2, 7b, and 9d-bound to SARS-CoV 3CLpro were determined, and their binding properties were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dana Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Monika Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brandon J. Anson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emma K. Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Andrew D. Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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21
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22
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Iftekhar EN, Priesemann V, Balling R, Bauer S, Beutels P, Calero Valdez A, Cuschieri S, Czypionka T, Dumpis U, Glaab E, Grill E, Hanson C, Hotulainen P, Klimek P, Kretzschmar M, Krüger T, Krutzinna J, Low N, Machado H, Martins C, McKee M, Mohr SB, Nassehi A, Perc M, Petelos E, Pickersgill M, Prainsack B, Rocklöv J, Schernhammer E, Staines A, Szczurek E, Tsiodras S, Van Gucht S, Willeit P. A look into the future of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: an expert consultation. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2021; 8:100185. [PMID: 34345876 PMCID: PMC8321710 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How will the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic develop in the coming months and years? Based on an expert survey, we examine key aspects that are likely to influence the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The challenges and developments will strongly depend on the progress of national and global vaccination programs, the emergence and spread of variants of concern (VOCs), and public responses to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In the short term, many people remain unvaccinated, VOCs continue to emerge and spread, and mobility and population mixing are expected to increase. Therefore, lifting restrictions too much and too early risk another damaging wave. This challenge remains despite the reduced opportunities for transmission given vaccination progress and reduced indoor mixing in summer 2021. In autumn 2021, increased indoor activity might accelerate the spread again, whilst a necessary reintroduction of NPIs might be too slow. The incidence may strongly rise again, possibly filling intensive care units, if vaccination levels are not high enough. A moderate, adaptive level of NPIs will thus remain necessary. These epidemiological aspects combined with economic, social, and health-related consequences provide a more holistic perspective on the future of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Priesemann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rudi Balling
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simon Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Czypionka
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria, and London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Uga Dumpis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Enrico Glaab
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eva Grill
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Hanson
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Klimek
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tyll Krüger
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Helena Machado
- Institute for Social Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Armin Nassehi
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, München, Germany
| | - Matjaž Perc
- University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia, and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Elena Petelos
- University of Crete, Crete, Greece, and Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Barbara Prainsack
- Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Willeit
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Ganslmeier A, Engelmann T, Lucke M, Täger G, Pfeifer M, Scherer MA. [Attitude of health care workers towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccination]. MMW Fortschr Med 2021; 163:12-16. [PMID: 34383282 PMCID: PMC8359634 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-021-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fragestellung: Einstellung von Pflegekräften zur SARS-CoV-2-Impfung und einer etwaigen Impfpflicht. Methode: Im Rahmen einer strukturierten anonymen wissenschaftlichen Erhebung zwischen 29. Januar und 26. April 2021 wurden Fragebögen an 72 Leiter von Orthopädie- und Unfallchirurgie-Abteilungen verschickt. Die Ärzte wurden gebeten, das Einverständnis von Klinikverwaltung, Pflegedienstleitung und Betriebsrat einzuholen und die Fragebögen an das Pflegepersonal zu verteilen und wieder einzusammeln. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv. Ergebnisse: Es wurden 355 Antworten aus 5 Kliniken ausgewertet. In 65 der 72 Kliniken lehnten Verwaltung, Pflegedienstleitung oder Betriebsrat die Teilnahme ab, in 2 Kliniken waren die ärztlichen Leiter nicht interessiert. 50,7% der Pflegekräfte waren bereits geimpft oder hatten einen festen Impftermin, 14,9% waren noch unentschlossen und 34,4% lehnten eine Impfung ab. Gegen eine Impfpflicht sprach sich die Mehrheit der Pflegekräfte aus (47,6%), weniger als ein Viertel befürwortete sie (23,4%). Schlussfolgerung: Die Impfbereitschaft war in dieser Umfrage ausgesprochen gering. Hauptgrund für Impfverweigerung ist Angst vor Nebenwirkungen, Aufklärung sollte daher in erster Linie auf dieses Thema fokussieren. Schlüsselwörter: SARS-CoV-2, Corona, COVID-19, Impfbereitschaft, Impfpflicht, Pflegekräfte, Nebenwirkungen, Impfskepsis Eingereicht am 13.6.2021 - Revision akzeptiert am 21.6.2021
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Lucke
- Artemed-Gruppe/Dr. Rinecker, Chirurgisches Klinikum München Süd GmbH & Co. KG, München, Germany
| | - Georg Täger
- Klinikverbund Kempten-Oberallgäu, Kempten, Germany
| | | | - Michael A Scherer
- Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, HELIOS Amper-Klinikum Dachau, Krankenhausstr. 15, 85221, Dachau, Germany.
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24
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Frounfelker RL, Santavicca T, Li ZY, Miconi D, Venkatesh V, Rousseau C. COVID-19 Experiences and Social Distancing: Insights From the Theory of Planned Behavior. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:1095-1104. [PMID: 34074154 PMCID: PMC8679169 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211020997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between COVID-19
experiences, perceived COVID-19 behavioral control, social norms and
attitudes, and future intention to follow social distancing guidelines. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Setting: Participants responded to an on-line survey in June 2020. Subjects: The study included 3,183 residents within Quebec, Canada aged 18 and
over. Measures: Measures include perceived COVID-19 related discrimination, fear of COVID-19
infection, prior exposure to COVID-19, and prior social distancing behavior.
Participants self-reported attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and
perceived norms related to social distancing. Finally, we measured social
distancing behavioral intention. Analysis: We evaluated a theory of planned behavior (TPB) measurement model of social
distancing using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The association between
COVID-19 perceived discrimination, fear of infection, previous social
distancing behavior, exposure to COVID-19, TPB constructs and behavioral
intentions to social distance were estimated using SEM path analysis. Results: TPB constructs were positively associated with intention to follow social
distancing guidelines. Fear of COVID-19 infection and prior social
distancing behavior were positively associated with behavioral intentions.
In contrast, perceived discrimination was negatively associated with the
outcome. Associations between fear of COVID-19, perceived COVID-19
discrimination and behavioral intentions were partially mediated by
constructs of TPB. Conclusions: COVID-19 prevention efforts designed to emphasize positive attitudes,
perceived control, and social norms around social distancing should
carefully balance campaigns that heighten fear of infection along with anti-
discrimination messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Santavicca
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhi Yin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diana Miconi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vivek Venkatesh
- Department of Art Education, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cecile Rousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Velikova T. INFECTION-ACQUIRED VERSUS VACCINE-INDUCED IMMUNITY AGAINST COVID-19. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2021. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The course of COVID-19 depends on a dynamic interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host's immune system. Although it is an emerging global health issue, little is known about the specificity, safety, and duration of the immunity elicited by the virus. This hypothesis article explores the benefits of infection-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity against COVID-19, suggesting that the latter outweighs the former. Comparative studies are proposed to explain and reveal all aspects of the immune responses. Although vaccine development relies on studies of naturally acquired immune responses, there are still no comparative analyses of the natural and vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, there are scarce reports on the characteristics of both types of responses. The scientific facts about the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 affecting the immune system are of great importance for proposed comparative analyses. Various immunological methods can be employed to elucidate infection-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The safe vaccination of subjects with and without COVID-19 history may disrupt the virus spreading and end the pandemic.
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26
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Jatoi I, Fan J. A biomaterials viewpoint for the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:30-42. [PMID: 35837251 PMCID: PMC9255824 DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-112x.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a considerable loss of life, morbidity, and economic distress since its emergence in late 2019. In response to the novel virus, public and private institutions around the world have utilized novel technologies to develop a vaccine in the hopes of building herd immunity and ending the pandemic. This review provides an overview of mechanisms and available data on the nascent vaccine technologies undergoing clinical trials to combat SARS-CoV-2, namely, those using protein subunits, viral vectors, mRNA, and DNA. Furthermore, we discuss the potential uses of biomaterials in improving the immunogenicity and safety of these vaccine technologies with the goal of improving upon newly-available technologies to combat future SARS-CoV-2 strains and other emerging viral pathogens.
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27
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Zimba R, Kulkarni S, Berry A, You W, Mirzayi C, Westmoreland D, Parcesepe A, Waldron L, Rane M, Kochhar S, Robertson M, Maroko A, Grov C, Nash D. SARS-CoV-2 Testing Service Preferences of Adults in the United States: Discrete Choice Experiment. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2020; 6:e25546. [PMID: 33315584 PMCID: PMC7781587 DOI: 10.2196/25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ascertaining preferences for SARS-CoV-2 testing and incorporating findings into the design and implementation of strategies for delivering testing services may enhance testing uptake and engagement, a prerequisite to reducing onward transmission. Objective This study aims to determine important drivers of decisions to obtain a SARS-CoV-2 test in the context of increasing community transmission. Methods We used a discrete choice experiment to assess preferences for SARS-CoV-2 test type, specimen type, testing venue, and results turnaround time. Participants (n=4793) from the US national longitudinal Communities, Households and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study completed our online survey from July 30 to September 8, 2020. We estimated the relative importance of testing method attributes and part-worth utilities of attribute levels, and simulated the uptake of an optimized testing scenario relative to the current typical testing scenario of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) via nasopharyngeal swab in a provider’s office or urgent care clinic with results in >5 days. Results Test result turnaround time had the highest relative importance (30.4%), followed by test type (28.3%), specimen type (26.2%), and venue (15.0%). In simulations, immediate or same-day test results, both PCR and serology, or oral specimens substantially increased testing uptake over the current typical testing option. Simulated uptake of a hypothetical testing scenario of PCR and serology via a saliva sample at a pharmacy with same-day results was 97.7%, compared to 0.6% for the current typical testing scenario, with 1.8% opting for no test. Conclusions Testing strategies that offer both PCR and serology with noninvasive methods and rapid turnaround time would likely have the most uptake and engagement among residents in communities with increasing community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Zimba
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Kulkarni
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Berry
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - William You
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chloe Mirzayi
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Drew Westmoreland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Parcesepe
- The Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Levi Waldron
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madhura Rane
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shivani Kochhar
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - McKaylee Robertson
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Maroko
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian Grov
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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