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Gómez-Fernández H, Alhakim-Khalak F, Ruiz-Alonso S, Díaz A, Tamayo J, Ramalingam M, Larra E, Pedraz JL. Comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in corneal 3D bioprinting, including regulatory aspects. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124510. [PMID: 39053675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The global shortage of corneal transplants has spurred an urgency in the quest for efficient treatments. This systematic review not only provides a concise overview of the current landscape of corneal morphology, physiology, diseases, and conventional treatments but crucially delves into the forefront of tissue engineering for corneal regeneration. Emphasizing cellular and acellular components, bioprinting techniques, and pertinent biological assays, it explores optimization strategies for manufacturing and cost-effectiveness. To bridge the gap between research and industrial production, the review outlines the essential regulatory strategy required in Europe, encompassing relevant directives, frameworks, and governing bodies. This comprehensive regulatory framework spans the entire process, from procuring initial components to marketing and subsequent product surveillance. In a pivotal shift towards the future, the review culminates by highlighting the latest advancements in this sector, particularly the integration of tissue therapy with artificial intelligence. This synergy promises substantial optimization of the overall process, paving the way for unprecedented breakthroughs in corneal regeneration. In essence, this review not only elucidates the current state of corneal treatments and tissue engineering but also outlines regulatory pathways and anticipates the transformative impact of artificial intelligence, providing a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodei Gómez-Fernández
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology. Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; AJL Ophthalmic, Ferdinand Zeppelin Kalea, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Fouad Alhakim-Khalak
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology. Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology. Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aitor Díaz
- AJL Ophthalmic, Ferdinand Zeppelin Kalea, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Julen Tamayo
- AJL Ophthalmic, Ferdinand Zeppelin Kalea, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Murugam Ramalingam
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology. Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory (JRL) on Bioprinting and Advanced Pharma Development, A Joined Venture of TECNALIA, Centro de investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Eva Larra
- AJL Ophthalmic, Ferdinand Zeppelin Kalea, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - José L Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology. Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory (JRL) on Bioprinting and Advanced Pharma Development, A Joined Venture of TECNALIA, Centro de investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Tanguay AP, Menon NG, Boudreau MH, Jastrzebski S, Woods PS, Doyle EA, Edwards WB, Jay GD, Deymier AC, Lorenzo J, Lee SK, Schmidt TA. PRG4 deficiency in mice alters skeletal structure, mechanics, and calvarial osteoclastogenesis, and rhPRG4 inhibits in vitro osteoclastogenesis. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1231-1243. [PMID: 38111181 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, estimated to affect over 10 million people in the United States alone. Drugs used to treat bone loss often come with significant limitations and/or long-term safety concerns. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4, also known as lubricin) is a mucin-like glycoprotein best known for its boundary lubricating function of articular cartilage. In more recent years, it has been shown that PRG4 has anti-inflammatory properties, contributes to the maintenance of subchondral bone integrity, and patients with PRG4 mutations are osteopenic. However, it remains unknown how PRG4 impacts mechanical and material properties of bone. Therefore, our objective was to perform a phenotyping study of bone in a Prg4 gene trap (GT) mouse (PRG4 deficient). We found that femurs of Prg4 GT mice have altered mechanical, structural, and material properties relative to wildtype littermates. Additionally, Prg4 GT mice have a greater number of calvarial osteoclasts than wildtype mice, but do not have a notable inflammatory serum profile. Finally, Prg4 GT mice do not have an altered rate of bone formation, and exogenous recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) administration inhibited osteoclastogenesis in vitro, suggesting that the skeletal phenotype may be due to changes in bone resorption. Overall, this work demonstrates that PRG4 deficiency affects several integral properties of bone structure, mechanics, and skeletal cell activity, and provides the foundation and insight toward future work evaluating PRG4 as a potential therapeutic target in treating bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Tanguay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nikhil G Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Sandra Jastrzebski
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paige S Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erica A Doyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - W Brent Edwards
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Engineering, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alix C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Colville MJ, Huang LT, Schmidt S, Chen K, Vishwanath K, Su J, Williams RM, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Recombinant manufacturing of multispecies biolubricants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592580. [PMID: 38746339 PMCID: PMC11092771 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lubricin, a lubricating glycoprotein abundant in synovial fluid, forms a low-friction brush polymer interface in tissues exposed to sliding motion including joints, tendon sheaths, and the surface of the eye. Despite its therapeutic potential in diseases such as osteoarthritis and dry eye disease, there are few sources available. Through rational design, we developed a series of recombinant lubricin analogs that utilize the species-specific tissue-binding domains at the N- and C-termini to increase biocompatibility while replacing the central mucin domain with an engineered variant that retains the lubricating properties of native lubricin. In this study, we demonstrate the tissue binding capacity of our engineered lubricin product and its retention in the joint space of rats. Next, we present a new bioprocess chain that utilizes a human-derived cell line to produce O-glycosylation consistent with that of native lubricin and a purification strategy that capitalizes on the positively charged, hydrophobic N- and C-terminal domains. The bioprocess chain is demonstrated at 10 L scale in industry-standard equipment utilizing commonly available ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography resins. Finally, we confirmed the purity and lubricating properties of the recombinant biolubricant. The biomolecular engineering and bioprocessing strategies presented here are an effective means of lubricin production and could have broad applications to the study of mucins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall J. Colville
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Schmidt
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Karan Vishwanath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Brockmann T, Simon A, Brockmann C, Fuchsluger TA, Pleyer U, Walckling M. [Corneal wound healing-Pharmacological treatment]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2024; 121:245-258. [PMID: 38411733 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-024-02021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Physiological wound healing of the cornea is a complex process and involves numerous multifactorial tissue processes. A proper wound healing, especially without the formation of light-scattering scars, is essential to preserve the integrity and function of the cornea. Misdirected wound healing is of vast clinical relevance as it can lead to corneal fibrosis and the loss of optical transparency with subsequent reduction of visual acuity, up to blindness. In addition to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms, the knowledge of therapeutic concepts and options for treating corneal wound healing disorders and fibrosis is essential to counteract a permanent damage of the cornea as early as possible. Nowadays, various pharmacological and surgical options are available for treatment. The decision, appropriate selection and indication for the optimal treatment depend primarily on the genesis and clinical appearance of the corneal wound, fibrosis or scar. The treatment of wound healing disorders ranges from the use of topical therapy and supportive measures up to tissue replacement procedures. As long as the mechanical stability of the cornea is intact and wound healing processes are still ongoing, a pharmacological modulation is reasonable, which is discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brockmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Str. 140, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland.
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - Alexander Simon
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Brockmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Str. 140, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Thomas A Fuchsluger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Str. 140, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Uwe Pleyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Marcus Walckling
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Doberaner Str. 140, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland
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Shahraki T, Baradaran-Rafii A, Ayyala R, Arabi A, Jarstad J, Memar F. New advances in medical management of dry eye: optimizing treatment strategies for enhanced relief. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:49. [PMID: 38337030 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface disease that is conventionally characterized by tear film hyperosmolarity and instability. This review presents a summarized classification of DED, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the most recent topical and systemic medications and clinical recommendations for selecting the most appropriate option for each patient. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords including "dry eye syndrome," "ocular surface disease," "medical management," "artificial tears," "topical immunomodulators," and "meibomian gland dysfunction." RESULTS The underlying reasons for DED can range from insufficient aqueous tear production to increased tear evaporation. Recent literature has provided a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of DED by examining the tear film's lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers. However, despite these advancements, medical management of patients with symptomatic DED has not fully reflected this modernized knowledge of its pathophysiology. CONCLUSION To develop a rationalized strategy for treating DED, it is crucial to have updated knowledge of therapeutic options, their mechanisms of actions, and indications based on the DED type and underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Shahraki
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Boostan 9 St., Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ramesh Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amir Arabi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Boostan 9 St., Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Jarstad
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Menon NG, Tanguay AP, Zhou L, Zhang LX, Bobst CE, Han M, Ghosh M, Greene GW, Deymier A, Sullivan BD, Chen Y, Jay GD, Schmidt TA. A structural and functional comparison between two recombinant human lubricin proteins: Recombinant human proteoglycan-4 (rhPRG4) vs ECF843. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109643. [PMID: 37678729 PMCID: PMC10691279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4, lubricin) is a mucin-like glycoprotein present on the ocular surface that has both boundary lubricating and anti-inflammatory properties. Full-length recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) has been shown to be clinically effective in improving signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). In vitro, rhPRG4 has been shown to reduce inflammation-induced cytokine production and NFκB activity in corneal epithelial cells, as well as to bind to and inhibit MMP-9 activity. A different form of recombinant human lubricin (ECF843), produced from the same cell line as rhPRG4 but manufactured using a different process, was recently assessed in a DED clinical trial. However, ECF843 did not significantly improve signs or symptoms of DED compared to vehicle. Initial published characterization of ECF843 showed it had a smaller hydrodynamic diameter and was less negatively charged than native PRG4. Further examination of the structural and functional properties of ECF843 and rhPRG4 could contribute to the understanding of what led to their disparate clinical efficacy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare rhPRG4 and ECF843 in vitro, both biophysically and functionally. Hydrodynamic diameter and charge were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential, respectively. Size and molecular weight was determined for individual species by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with in-line DLS and multi-angle light scattering (MALS). Bond structure was measured by Raman spectroscopy, and sedimentation properties were measured by analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). Functionally, MMP-9 inhibition was measured using a commercial MMP-9 activity kit, coefficient of friction was measured using an established boundary lubrication test at a latex-glass interface, and collagen 1-binding ability was measured by quart crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD). Additionally, the ability of rhPRG4 and ECF843 to inhibit urate acid crystal formation and cell adhesion was assessed. ECF843 had a significantly smaller hydrodynamic diameter and was less negatively charged than rhPRG4, as assessed by DLS and zeta potential. Size was further explored with SEC-DLS-MALS, which indicated that while rhPRG4 had 3 main peaks, corresponding to monomer, dimer, and multimer as expected, ECF843 had 2 peaks that were similar in size and molecular weight compared to rhPRG4's monomer peak and a third peak that was significantly smaller in both size and molar mass than the corresponding peak of rhPRG4. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that ECF843 had significantly more disulfide bonds, which are functionally determinant structures, relative to the carbon-carbon backbone compared to rhPRG4, and AUC indicated that ECF843 was more compact than rhPRG4. Functionally, ECF843 was significantly less effective at inhibiting MMP-9 activity and functioning as a boundary lubricant compared to rhPRG4, as well as being slower to bind to collagen 1. Additionally, ECF843 was significantly less effective at inhibiting urate acid crystal formation and at preventing cell adhesion. Collectively, these data demonstrate ECF843 and rhPRG4 are significantly different in both structure and function. Given that a protein's structure sets the foundation for its interactions with other molecules and tissues in vivo, which ultimately determine its function, these differences most likely contributed to the disparate DED clinical trial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil G Menon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Adam P Tanguay
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Libo Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cedric E Bobst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mingyu Han
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alix Deymier
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Yupeng Chen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Zhu Q, Zhang Q, Fu DY, Su G. Polysaccharides in contact lenses: From additives to bulk materials. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121003. [PMID: 37321708 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the number of applications has increased, so has the demand for contact lenses comfort. Adding polysaccharides to lenses is a popular way to enhance comfort for wearers. However, this may also compromise some lens properties. It is still unclear how to balance the variation of individual lens parameters in the design of contact lenses containing polysaccharides. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how polysaccharide addition impacts lens wear parameters, such as water content, oxygen permeability, surface wettability, protein deposition, and light transmittance. It also examines how various factors, such as polysaccharide type, molecular weight, amount, and mode of incorporation into lenses modulate these effects. Polysaccharide addition can improve some wear parameters while reducing others depending on the specific conditions. The optimal method, type, and amount of added polysaccharides depend on the trade-off between various lens parameters and wear requirements. Simultaneously, polysaccharide-based contact lenses may be a promising option for biodegradable contact lenses as concerns regarding environmental risks associated with contact lens degradation continue to increase. It is hoped that this review will shed light on the rational use of polysaccharides in contact lenses to make personalized lenses more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ding-Yi Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Kalaiselvan P, Dutta D, Konda NV, Sharma S, Kumar N, Stapleton F, Willcox MDP. Effect of Deposition and Protease Digestion on the Ex Vivo Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide-Coated Contact Lenses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:349. [PMID: 36678102 PMCID: PMC9863661 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A clinical study of antimicrobial contact lenses containing the cationic peptide Mel4 was conducted. The few adverse events that occurred with this lens occurred on or after 13 nights of wear. The current study examined whether the Mel4 contact lenses lost activity during wear and the mechanism of this loss. Participants wore contact lenses for up to 13 nights. Lenses were tested for their ability to reduce the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The amount of protein and lipid extracted from lenses was measured. The ability of trypsin to affect the antimicrobial activity of Mel4-coated contact lenses was measured. Mel4-coated contact lenses lost their antimicrobial activity at six nights of wear for both bacteria. The amount of lipids (13 ± 11 vs. 21 ± 14 μg/lens at 13 nights wear) and proteins (8 ± 4 vs. 10 ± 3 mg/lens at 13 nights of wear) extracted from lenses was not different between Mel4-coated and uncoated lenses, and was not different after three nights when antimicrobial activity was maintained and thirteen nights when they had lost activity (lipid: 25 ± 17 vs. 13 ± 11, p = 0.2; protein: 8 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 4 mg/lens, p = 0.4). Trypsin digestion eliminated the antimicrobial activity of Mel4-coated lenses. In summary, Mel4-coated contact lenses lost antibacterial activity at six nights of wear, and the most likely reason was proteolytic digestion of the peptide. Future studies will design and test proteolytically stable peptide mimics as coatings for contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Nagaraju V. Konda
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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9
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Manasa CS, Silva SM, Caballero-Aguilar LM, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Greene GW, Moulton SE. Active and passive drug release by self-assembled lubricin (PRG4) anti-fouling coatings. J Control Release 2022; 352:35-46. [PMID: 36228955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive polymers (EAPs) have been investigated as materials for use in a range of biomedical applications, ranging from cell culture, electrical stimulation of cultured cells as well as controlled delivery of growth factors and drugs. Despite their excellent drug delivery ability, EAPs are susceptible to biofouling thus they often require surface functionalisation with antifouling coatings to limit unwanted non-specific protein adsorption. Here we demonstrate the surface modification of para toluene sulfonate (pTS) doped polypyrrole with the glycoprotein lubricin (LUB) to produce a self-assembled coating that both prevents surface biofouling while also serving as a high-capacity reservoir for cationic drugs which can then be released passively via diffusion or actively via an applied electrical potential. We carried out our investigation in two parts where we initially assessed the antifouling and cationic drug delivery ability of LUB tethered on a gold surface using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM) to monitor molecular interactions occurring on a gold sensor surface. After confirming the ability of tethered LUB nano brush layers on a gold surface, we introduced an electrochemically grown EAP layer to act as the immobilisation surface for LUB before subsequently introducing the cationic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The release of cationic drug was then investigated under passive and electrochemically stimulated conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was then carried out to quantify the amount of DOX released. It was shown that the amount of DOX released from nano brush layers of LUB tethered on gold and EAP surfaces could be increased by up to 30% per minute by applying a positive electrochemically stimulating pulse at 0.8 V for one minute. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA), we show that DOX loaded LUB tethered on para toluene sulfonic acid (pTS) doped polypyrrole retained antifouling ability of up to 75% when compared to unloaded tethered LUB. This work demonstrates the unique, novel ability of tethered LUB to actively participate in the delivery of cationic therapeutics on different substrate surfaces. This study could lead to the development of versatile multifunctional biomaterials for use in wide range of biomedical applications, such as dual drug delivery and lubricating coatings, dual drug delivery and antifouling coatings, cellular recording and stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S Manasa
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Lilith M Caballero-Aguilar
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Simon E Moulton
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia; Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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10
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Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) Downregulates TNFα-Stimulated NFκB Activity and FAT10 Expression in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112711. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a complex pathology affecting millions of people with significant impact on quality of life. Corneal inflammation, including via the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway, plays a key etiological role in DED. Recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) has been shown to be a clinically effective treatment for DED that has anti-inflammatory effects in corneal epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanism is still not understood. Our goal was to understand if rhPRG4 affects tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-stimulated inflammatory activity in corneal epithelial cells. We treated hTERT-immortalized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells ± TNFα ± rhPRG4 and performed Western blotting on cell lysate and RNA sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that rhPRG4 had a significant effect on TNFα-mediated inflammation with potential effects on matricellular homeostasis. rhPRG4 reduced activation of key inflammatory pathways and decreased expression of transcripts for key inflammatory cytokines, interferons, interleukins, and transcription factors. TNFα treatment significantly increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, and rhPRG4 significantly reduced both these effects. RNA sequencing identified human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10), a ubiquitin-like modifier protein which has not been studied in the context of DED, as a key pro-inflammatory transcript increased by TNFα and decreased by rhPRG4. These results were confirmed at the protein level. In summary, rhPRG4 is able to downregulate NFκB activity in hTCEpi cells, suggesting a potential biological mechanism by which it may act as a therapeutic for DED.
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11
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Cui KW, Xia VX, Cirera-Salinas D, Myung D, Fuller GG. Effect of Recombinant Human Lubricin on Model Tear Film Stability. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:9. [PMID: 36112103 PMCID: PMC9487168 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.9.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate and quantify the effect of recombinant human lubricin (rh-lubricin) on model tear film stability. Methods A custom-built, interferometry-based instrument called the Interfacial Dewetting and Drainage Optical Platform was used to create and record the spatiotemporal evolution of model acellular tear films. Image segmentation and analysis was performed in MATLAB to extract the most essential features from the wet area fraction versus time curve, namely the evaporative break-up time and the final wet area fraction (A10). These two parameters indicate the tear film stability in the presence of rh-lubricin in its unstressed and stressed forms. Results Our parameters successfully captured the trend of increasing tear film stability with increasing rh-lubricin concentration, and captured differences in rh-lubricin efficacy after various industrially relevant stresses. Specifically, aggregation and fragmentation caused by a 4-week, high temperature stress condition negatively impacted rh-lubricin's ability to maintain model tear film stability. Adsorbed rh-lubricin alone was not sufficient to resist break-up and maintain full area coverage of the model tear film surface. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that fragmentation and aggregation can negatively impact rh-lubricin's ability to maintain a stable tear film. In addition, the ability of rh-lubricin to maintain wetted area coverage is due to both freely dispersed and adsorbed rh-lubricin. Translational Relevance Our platform and analysis method provide a facile, intuitive, and clinically relevant means to quantify the effect of ophthalmic drugs and formulations intended for improving tear film stability, as well as capture differences between variants related to drug stability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara W. Cui
- Stanford Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vincent X. Xia
- Stanford Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - David Myung
- Stanford Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
- Byers Eye Institute at the Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Soifer M, Azar NS, Mousa HM, Perez VL. Ocular Surface Inflammatory Disorders (OSID): A Collective of Systemic Etiologies Which Cause or Amplify Dry Eye Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:949202. [PMID: 35872765 PMCID: PMC9301237 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.949202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface inflammatory disorders (OSID) are caused by systemic disorders that conduct a persistent inflammatory reaction in the ocular adnexal connective tissues, such as the conjunctiva, lacrimal gland (LG) and meibomian glands (MGs), which cause an inflammatory dry eye. The etiologies of OSID are a subset of systemic pathologies such as graft versus host disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, allergies, cicatrizing conjunctivitis, and more. These cause a purely inflammatory dry eye syndrome as a consequence of the persistent surrounding inflammation in the adnexal tissues, which is distinct from the age-related dry eye disease. A limitation toward management of these conditions is the lack of available biomarkers that can detect presence of inflammation and quantify damage on the conjunctiva and LG, even though these are considered to be drivers of the inflammatory milieu. The OSID and dry eye syndrome are caused by different immune cells which are not exclusively limited to T cell lymphocytes, but rather derive from an orchestrated multicellular immunologic response. Recognition of this syndrome is crucial to direct research in a direction that clarifies the potential role of inflammation and its associated immune phenotype on the conjunctiva and adnexal ocular tissues in OSID and dry eye syndrome. On this paper, we review the basic and clinical research evidence for the existence of OSID with focus on the different immune cells involved, the target tissues and potential consequences and OSIDs diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Soifer
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nadim S. Azar
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hazem M. Mousa
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Victor L. Perez
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Victor L. Perez,
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13
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Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) treatment enhances wound closure and tissue regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:32. [PMID: 35750773 PMCID: PMC9232611 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The wound healing response is one of most primitive and conserved physiological responses in the animal kingdom, as restoring tissue integrity/homeostasis can be the difference between life and death. Wound healing in mammals is mediated by immune cells and inflammatory signaling molecules that regulate tissue resident cells, including local progenitor cells, to mediate closure of the wound through formation of a scar. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a protein found throughout the animal kingdom from fish to elephants, is best known as a glycoprotein that reduces friction between articulating surfaces (e.g. cartilage). Previously, PRG4 was also shown to regulate the inflammatory and fibrotic response. Based on this, we asked whether PRG4 plays a role in the wound healing response. Using an ear wound model, topical application of exogenous recombinant human (rh)PRG4 hastened wound closure and enhanced tissue regeneration. Our results also suggest that rhPRG4 may impact the fibrotic response, angiogenesis/blood flow to the injury site, macrophage inflammatory dynamics, recruitment of immune and increased proliferation of adult mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and promoting chondrogenic differentiation of MPCs to form the auricular cartilage scaffold of the injured ear. These results suggest that PRG4 has the potential to suppress scar formation while enhancing connective tissue regeneration post-injury by modulating aspects of each wound healing stage (blood clotting, inflammation, tissue generation and tissue remodeling). Therefore, we propose that rhPRG4 may represent a potential therapy to mitigate scar and improve wound healing.
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14
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Furness L, Riley P, Wright N, Banka S, Eyre S, Jackson A, Briggs TA. Monogenic disorders as mimics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:44. [PMID: 35717242 PMCID: PMC9206249 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood. The term JIA encompasses a heterogenous group of diseases. The variability in phenotype of patients affected by the disease means it is not uncommon for mimics of JIA to be misdiagnosed. CASE PRESENTATION We present four cases who were treated in single tertiary rheumatology centre for JIA who were subsequently diagnosed with a rare monogenic disease. All four patients shared the unifying features of presenting in early childhood and subsequently suffered with refractory disease, not amenable to usual standards of treatment. Multicentric Carpotarsal Osteolysis Syndrome and Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome are non-inflammatory conditions and patients typically present with arthropathy, normal inflammatory markers and atypical radiological features. Blau syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition and patients will typically have symmetrical joint involvement with a strong family history of arthritis, signifying the genetic aetiology. CONCLUSIONS We share our learning from these cases to add to the growing portfolio of JIA mimics and to highlight when to consider an alternative diagnosis. In cases of refractory disease and diagnostic uncertainty further imaging and genetic testing can play a crucial role in establishing the aetiology. In all of these cases the correct diagnosis was made due to careful, longitudinal clinical phenotyping and a close working relationship between rheumatology, radiology and clinical genetics; highlighting the importance of the multidisciplinary team in managing complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Furness
- Royal Manchester Childrens Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Phil Riley
- grid.498924.a0000 0004 0430 9101Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Manchester Childrens Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neville Wright
- grid.498924.a0000 0004 0430 9101Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Manchester Childrens Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- grid.498924.a0000 0004 0430 9101NW Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Eyre
- grid.5379.80000000121662407The University of Manchester, Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester, UK ,grid.498924.a0000 0004 0430 9101Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Jackson
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - Tracy A. Briggs
- grid.498924.a0000 0004 0430 9101NW Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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15
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Mudigonda S, Shah S, Das N, Corpuz JM, Ninkovic N, Al-Jezani N, Underhill TM, Salo PT, Mitha AP, Lyons FG, Cho R, Schmidt TA, Dufour A, Krawetz RJ. Proteoglycan 4 is present within the dura mater and produced by mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:483-499. [PMID: 35704103 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) have been recently identified in human and murine epidural fat and have been hypothesized to contribute to the maintenance/repair/regeneration of the dura mater. MPCs can secrete proteoglycan 4 (PRG4/lubricin), and this protein can regulate tissue homeostasis through bio-lubrication and immunomodulatory functions. MPC lineage tracing reporter mice (Hic1) and human epidural fat MPCs were used to determine if PRG4 is expressed by these cells in vivo. PRG4 expression co-localized with Hic1+ MPCs in the dura throughout skeletal maturity and was localized adjacent to sites of dural injury. When Hic1+ MPCs were ablated, PRG4 expression was retained in the dura, yet when Prx1+ MPCs were ablated, PRG4 expression was completely lost. A number of cellular processes were impacted in human epidural fat MPCs treated with rhPRG4, and human MPCs contributed to the formation of epidural fat, and dura tissues were xenotransplanted into mouse dural injuries. We have shown that human and mouse MPCs in the epidural/dura microenvironment produce PRG4 and can contribute to dura homeostasis/repair/regeneration. Overall, these results suggest that these MPCs have biological significance within the dural microenvironment and that the role of PRG4 needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathvika Mudigonda
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sophia Shah
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nabangshu Das
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica May Corpuz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Ninkovic
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nedaa Al-Jezani
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul T Salo
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alim P Mitha
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank G Lyons
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Cho
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine Dufour
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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16
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Mohamed HB, Abd El-Hamid BN, Fathalla D, Fouad EA. Current trends in pharmaceutical treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106206. [PMID: 35568107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED), keratoconjunctivitis sicca or dysfunctional tear syndrome, is the most prevalent ophthalmic disease which affects a substantial segment of people worldwide with increasing frequency. It is considered a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film, characterized by a variation of signs and symptoms. The symptoms range from mild to severe itching, burning, irritation, eye fatigue, and ocular inflammation that may lead to potential damage to the cornea, conjunctiva and even vision loss. Correspondingly, depending on the different manifestations and pathophysiology, the treatment must be tailored specifically to each patient by targeting the specific mechanisms implicated in their disease. Currently, there are several medical products and techniques available or under investigation for the treatment of DED. The present article focused on the pathophysiology of DED, the new diagnostic approach and the recently developed drug delivery systems or devices reducing the progress of the disease and treating the causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah B Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Basma N Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Dina Fathalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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17
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Russo MJ, Han M, Menon NG, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Moulton SE, Guijt RM, M Silva S, Schmidt TA, Greene GW. Novel Boundary Lubrication Mechanisms from Molecular Pillows of Lubricin Brush-Coated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5351-5360. [PMID: 35465662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous biomedical applications where the interfacial shearing of surfaces can cause wear and friction, which can lead to a variety of medical complications such as inflammation, irritation, and even bacterial infection. We introduce a novel nanomaterial additive comprised of two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets (2D-NSCs) coated with lubricin (LUB) to reduce the amount of tribological stress in biomedical settings, particularly at low shear rates where boundary lubrication dominates. LUB is a glycoprotein found in the articular joints of mammals and has recently been discovered as an ocular surface boundary lubricant. The ability of LUB to self-assemble into a "telechelic" brush layer on a variety of surfaces was exploited here to coat the top and bottom surfaces of the ultrathin 2D-NSCs in solution, effectively creating a biopolymer-coated nanosheet. A reduction in friction of almost an order of magnitude was measured at a bioinspired interface. This reduction was maintained after repeated washing (5×), suggesting that the large aspect ratio of the 2D-NSCs facilitates effective lubrication even at diluted concentrations. Importantly, and unlike LUB-only treatment, the lubrication effect can be eliminated over 15 rinsing cycles, suggesting that the LUB-coated 2D-NSCs do not exhibit any binding interactions with the shearing surfaces. The effective lubricating properties of the 2D-NSCs combined with full reversibility through rinsing make the LUB-coated 2D-NSCs an intriguing candidate as a lubricant for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Russo
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Mingyu Han
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Nikhil G Menon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030 United States
| | - Anita F Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030 United States
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
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18
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Madl AC, Liu C, Cirera-Salinas D, Fuller GG, Myung D. A Mucin-Deficient Ocular Surface Mimetic Platform for Interrogating Drug Effects on Biolubrication, Antiadhesion Properties, and Barrier Functionality. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18016-18030. [PMID: 35416028 PMCID: PMC9052192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) affects more than 100 million people worldwide, causing significant patient discomfort and imposing a multi-billion-dollar burden on global health care systems. In DED patients, the natural biolubrication process that facilitates pain-free blinking goes awry due to an imbalance of lipids, aqueous medium, and mucins in the tear film, resulting in ocular surface damage. Identifying strategies to reduce adhesion and shear stresses between the ocular surface and the conjunctival cells lining the inside of the eyelid during blink cycles is a promising approach to improve the signs and symptoms of DED. However, current preclinical models for screening ocular lubricants rely on scarce, heterogeneous tissue samples or model substrates that do not capture the complex biochemical and biophysical cues present at the ocular surface. To recapitulate the hierarchical architecture and phenotype of the ocular interface for preclinical drug screening, we developed an in vitro mucin-deficient DED model platform that mimics the complexity of the ocular interface and investigated its utility in biolubrication, antiadhesion, and barrier protection studies using recombinant human lubricin, a promising investigational therapy for DED. The biomimetic platform recapitulated the pathological changes in biolubrication, adhesion, and barrier functionality often observed in mucin-deficient DED patients and demonstrated that recombinant human lubricin can reverse the damage induced by mucin loss in a dose- and conformation-dependent manner. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of the platform─and recombinant human lubricin─in advancing the standard of care for mucin-deficient DED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Madl
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chunzi Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Biologics
Analytical Research and Development, Novartis
Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Gerald G. Fuller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Myung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Byers
Eye Institute, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94303, United States
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19
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Das N, Menon NG, de Almeida LGN, Woods PS, Heynen ML, Jay GD, Caffery B, Jones L, Krawetz R, Schmidt TA, Dufour A. Proteomics Analysis of Tears and Saliva From Sjogren's Syndrome Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787193. [PMID: 34950038 PMCID: PMC8689002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by dysfunctional mucous membranes and dysregulated moisture-secreting glands resulting in various symptoms, including dry mouth and dry eyes. Here, we wanted to profile and compare the tear and saliva proteomes of SS patients to healthy controls. Tear and saliva samples were collected and subjected to an isotopic dimethylation labeling shotgun proteomics workflow to identify alterations in protein levels. In tear samples, we identified 83 upregulated and 112 downregulated proteins. Pathway enrichment analysis of the changing proteins by Metascape identified leukocyte transendothelial migration, neutrophil degranulation, and post-translation protein phosphorylation in tears of SS patients. In healthy controls' tears, an enrichment for proteins related to glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and apoptotic signaling pathway were identified. In saliva, we identified 108 upregulated and 45 downregulated proteins. Altered pathways in SS patients' saliva included cornification, sensory perception to taste and neutrophil degranulation. In healthy controls' saliva, an enrichment for proteins related to JAK-STAT signaling after interleukin-12 stimulation, phagocytosis and glycolysis in senescence were identified. Dysregulated protease activity is implicated in the initiation of inflammation and immune cell recruitment in SS. We identified 20 proteases and protease inhibitors in tears and 18 in saliva which are differentially expressed between SS patients and healthy controls. Next, we quantified endogenous proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein, in tear wash and saliva samples via a bead-based immune assay. We identified decreased levels of PRG4 in SS patients' tear wash compared to normal samples. Conversely, in saliva, we found elevated levels of PRG4 concentration and visualized PRG4 expression in human parotid gland via immunohistological staining. These findings will improve our mechanistic understanding of the disease and changes in SS patients' protein expression will help identify new potential drug targets. PRG4 is among the promising targets, which we identified here, in saliva, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabangshu Das
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nikhil G. Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Luiz G. N. de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paige S. Woods
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Miriam L. Heynen
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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20
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De Maria A, Zientek KD, David LL, Wilmarth PA, Bhorade AM, Harocopos GJ, Huang AJW, Hong AR, Siegfried CJ, Tsai LM, Sheybani A, Bassnett S. Compositional Analysis of Extracellular Aggregates in the Eyes of Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:27. [PMID: 34964803 PMCID: PMC8740535 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.15.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a condition characterized by the production of insoluble fibrillar aggregates (exfoliation material; XFM) in the eye and elsewhere. Many patients with XFS progress to exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), a significant cause of global blindness. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the composition of XFM in lens capsule specimens and in aqueous humor (AH) samples from patients with XFS, patients with XFG and unaffected individuals. Methods Pieces of lens capsule and samples of AH were obtained with consent from patients undergoing cataract surgery. Tryptic digests of capsule or AH were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and relative differences between samples were quantified using the tandem mass tag technique. The distribution of XFM on the capsular surface was visualized by SEM and super-resolution light microscopy. Results A small set of proteins was consistently upregulated in capsule samples from patients with XFS and patients with XFG, including microfibril components fibrillin-1, latent transforming growth factor-β–binding protein-2 and latent transforming growth factor-β–binding protein-3. Lysyl oxidase-like 1, a cross-linking enzyme associated with XFS in genetic studies, was an abundant XFM constituent. Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily were prominent, including LEFTY2, a protein best known for its role in establishing the embryonic body axis. Elevated levels of LEFTY2 were also detected in AH from patients with XFG, a finding confirmed subsequently by ELISA. Conclusions This analysis verified the presence of suspected XFM proteins and identified novel components. Quantitative comparisons between patient samples revealed a consistent XFM proteome characterized by strong expression of fibrillin-1, lysyl oxidase-like-1, and LEFTY2. Elevated levels of LEFTY2 in the AH of patients with XFG may serve as a biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia De Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Keith D Zientek
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Anjali M Bhorade
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - George J Harocopos
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Andrew J W Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Augustine R Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carla J Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Linda M Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Arsham Sheybani
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven Bassnett
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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21
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Khwannimit D, M Silva S, Desroches PE, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Greene GW, Moulton SE. Potential Pulse-Facilitated Active Adsorption of Lubricin Polymer Brushes Can Both Accelerate Self-Assembly and Control Grafting Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11188-11193. [PMID: 34506141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled lubricin (LUB) monolayers are an effective antiadhesive coating for biomedical applications. Long deposition times and limited control over the monolayer grafting density remain impediments to commercialization and applications in advanced sensor technologies. This work describes a novel potential pulse-facilitated coating method that reduces coating times to mere seconds while also providing high-level control over the achieved grafting density. This is the first time that the potential pulse-facilitated method is applied for direct assembling of a large and complex polyelectrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangruedee Khwannimit
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne/Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne/Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne/Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Pauline E Desroches
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne/Victoria 3216, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne/Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne/Victoria 3001, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne/Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne/Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne/Victoria 3001, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne/Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne/Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne/Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne/Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne/Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
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22
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Solakyildirim K, Li Y, Bayer AS, Sullam PM, Xiong YQ, Lebrilla CB, Bensing BA. Proteoglycan 4 (lubricin) is a highly sialylated glycoprotein associated with cardiac valve damage in animal models of infective endocarditis. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1582-1595. [PMID: 34459483 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
S. gordonii and S. sanguinis are primary colonizers of tooth surfaces, and are generally associated with oral health, but can also cause infective endocarditis (IE). These species express "Siglec-like" adhesins that bind sialylated glycans on host glycoproteins, which can aid the formation of infected platelet-fibrin thrombi (vegetations) on cardiac valve surfaces. We previously determined that the ability of S. gordonii to bind sialyl T-antigen (sTa) increased pathogenicity, relative to recognition of sialylated core 2 O-glycan structures, in an animal model of IE. However, it is unclear when and where the sTa structure is displayed, and which sTa-modified host factors promote valve colonization. In this study, we identified sialylated glycoproteins in the aortic valve vegetations and plasma of rat and rabbit models of this disease. Glycoproteins that display sTa versus core 2 O-glycan structures were identified by using recombinant forms of the streptococcal Siglec-like adhesins for lectin blotting and affinity capture, and the O-linked glycans were profiled by mass spectrometry. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), also known as lubricin, was a major carrier of sTa in the infected vegetations. Moreover, plasma PRG4 levels were significantly higher in animals with damaged or infected valves, as compared with healthy animals. The combined results demonstrate that, in addition to platelet GPIbα, PRG4 is a highly sialylated mucin-like glycoprotein found in aortic valve vegetations and may contribute to the persistence of oral streptococci in this protected endovascular niche. Moreover, plasma PRG4 could serve as a biomarker for endocardial injury and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Solakyildirim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, 24100, Turkey
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Arnold S Bayer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul M Sullam
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yan Q Xiong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara A Bensing
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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23
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Liu C, Madl AC, Cirera‐Salinas D, Kress W, Straube F, Myung D, Fuller GG. Mucin-Like Glycoproteins Modulate Interfacial Properties of a Mimetic Ocular Epithelial Surface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100841. [PMID: 34184839 PMCID: PMC8373091 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) has high personal and societal costs, but its pathology remains elusive due to intertwined biophysical and biochemical processes at the ocular surface. Specifically, mucin deficiency is reported in a subset of DED patients, but its effects on ocular interfacial properties remain unclear. Herein a novel in vitro mucin-deficient mimetic ocular surface (Mu-DeMOS) with a controllable amount of membrane-tethered mucin molecules is developed to represent the diseased ocular surfaces. Contact angle goniometry on mimetic ocular surfaces reveals that high surface roughness, but not the presence of hydrophilic mucin molecules, delivers constant hydration over native ocular surface epithelia. Live-cell rheometry confirms that the presence of mucin-like glycoproteins on ocular epithelial cells reduces shear adhesive strength at cellular interfaces. Together, optimal surface roughness and surface chemistry facilitate sustainable lubrication for healthy ocular surfaces, while an imbalance between them contributes to lubrication-related dysfunction at diseased ocular epithelial surfaces. Furthermore, the restoration of low adhesive strength at Mu-DeMOS interfaces through a mucin-like glycoprotein, recombinant human lubricin, suggests that increased frictional damage at mucin-deficient cellular surfaces may be reversible. More broadly, these results demonstrate that Mu-DeMOS is a promising platform for drug screening assays and fundamental studies on ocular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzi Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Amy C. Madl
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Daniel Cirera‐Salinas
- Global Drug DevelopmentBiopharmaceutical Process & Product DevelopmentNovartis PharmaBaselAG 4002Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Kress
- Global Drug DevelopmentBiopharmaceutical Process & Product DevelopmentNovartis PharmaBaselAG 4002Switzerland
| | - Frank Straube
- Global Drug DevelopmentBiopharmaceutical Process & Product DevelopmentNovartis PharmaBaselAG 4002Switzerland
| | - David Myung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of OphthalmologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Gerald G. Fuller
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
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24
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Szin N, Silva SM, Moulton SE, Kapsa RMI, Quigley AF, Greene GW. Cellular Interactions with Lubricin and Hyaluronic Acid-Lubricin Composite Coatings on Gold Electrodes in Passive and Electrically Stimulated Environments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3696-3708. [PMID: 34283570 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the field of bionics, the long-term effectiveness of implantable bionic interfaces depends upon maintaining a "clean" and unfouled electrical interface with biological tissues. Lubricin (LUB) is an innately biocompatible glycoprotein with impressive antifouling properties. Unlike traditional antiadhesive coatings, LUB coatings do not passivate electrode surfaces, giving LUB coatings great potential for controlling surface fouling of implantable electrode interfaces. This study characterizes the antifouling properties of bovine native LUB (N-LUB), recombinant human LUB (R-LUB), hyaluronic acid (HA), and composite coatings of HA and R-LUB (HA/R-LUB) on gold electrodes against human primary fibroblasts and chondrocytes in passive and electrically stimulated environments for up to 96 h. R-LUB coatings demonstrated highly effective antifouling properties, preventing nearly all adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts and chondrocytes even under biphasic electrical stimulation. N-LUB coatings, while showing efficacy in the short term, failed to produce sustained antifouling properties against fibroblasts or chondrocytes over longer periods of time. HA/R-LUB composite films also demonstrated highly effective antifouling performance equal to the R-LUB coatings in both passive and electrically stimulated environments. The high electrochemical stability and long-lasting antifouling properties of R-LUB and HA/R-LUB coatings in electrically stimulating environments reveal the potential of these coatings for controlling unwanted cell adhesion in implantable bionic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Szin
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3216, Australia
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25
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Zhu D, Liu Y, Gilbert JL. Micromechanical measurement of adhesion of dehydrating silicone hydrogel contact lenses to corneal tissue. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:242-251. [PMID: 33812075 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion properties, which can vary with multiple factors, of silicone hydrogel contact lenses are important to their performance and comfort in the eye. In this study, we developed and used a simple, representative testing system and method to study the adhesive interactions of different silicone contact lenses (balafilcon A and senofilcon A) on polished titanium alloy and porcine whole eye cornea under dehydrating conditions. Adhesive interactions for senofilcon A varied by hydration state for both corneal and titanium adhesion, starting low, rising to a maximum and falling with dehydration time and dehydration state. Balafilcon A showed a rise and fall against titanium, but retained a relatively constant adhesive interaction with corneal tissue over dehydration time. Senofilcon A reached the highest adhesion forces (400 mN) within 5 to 10 min of testing against cornea, then dropped with time after that. Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory was applied to determine the surface energy of the lenses, and work of adhesion (WOA) was also determined for both lenses. Similar trends as observed with the force-hydration curves were seen with surface energy and work of adhesion as well (peak surface energy of 8 N/m and work of adhesion of 80 µJ for senofilcon A). Video imaging of the adhesive interactions showed significant corneal deformation taking place during testing, and post-test analysis shows damage to the corneal tissue. This method could be used to assess pre-clinical performance of long-lasting contact lenses and the role of hydration state. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Adhesion properties of contact lenses play significant roles in their performance and comfort in the eye. Adhesion is influenced by polymer chemistry, counterface materials and hydration state of the contact lenses. However, no test method has been developed to directly study the adhesion properties between contact lenses and corneal tissue during the dehydration process. Our work aims to fill this gap by developing testing and analysis methods for evaluating the adhesive interactions in vitro between contact lenses of different chemistries and properties and different counter surfaces under dehydrating conditions over time. Our study shows that adhesive interactions of contact lenses are highly dependent on polymer type, surface treatment, counterface material and hydration state.
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26
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Menon NG, Goyal R, Lema C, Woods PS, Tanguay AP, Morin AA, Das N, Jay GD, Krawetz RJ, Dufour A, Shapiro LH, Redfern RL, Ghosh M, Schmidt TA. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) expression and function in dry eye associated inflammation. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108628. [PMID: 34048779 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as damaging matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) at the ocular surface. While proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein present at the ocular surface, is most well known as a boundary lubricant that contributes to ocular surface integrity, it has been shown to blunt inflammation in various cell types, suggesting a dual mechanism of action. Recently, full-length recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) has been shown to improve signs and symptoms of DED in humans. However, there remains a significant need for basic science research on rhPRG4's biological properties and its potential therapeutic mechanisms of action in treating DED. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize endogenous PRG4 expression by telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells, examine whether exogenous rhPRG4 modulates cytokine and chemokine secretion in response to dry eye associated inflammation (TNFα and IL-1β), explore interactions between rhPRG4 and MMP-9, and understand how experimental dry eye (EDE) in mice affects PRG4 expression. PRG4 secretion from hTCEpi cells was quantified by Western blot and expression visualized by immunocytochemistry. Cytokine/chemokine production was measured by ELISA and Luminex, while rhPRG4's effect on MMP-9 activity, binding, and expression was quantified using an MMP-9 inhibitor kit, surface plasmon resonance, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Finally, EDE was induced in mice, and PRG4 was visualized by immunohistochemistry in the cornea and by Western blot in lacrimal gland lysate. In vitro results demonstrate that hTCEpi cells synthesize and secrete PRG4, and PRG4 secretion is inhibited by TNFα and IL-1β. In response to these pro-inflammatory stresses, exogenous rhPRG4 significantly reduced the stimulated production of IP-10, RANTES, ENA-78, GROα, MIP-3α, and MIG, and trended towards a reduction of MIP-1α and MIP-1β. The hTCEpi cells were also able to internalize fluorescently-labelled rhPRG4, consistent with a mechanism of action that includes downstream biological signaling pathways. rhPRG4 was not digested by MMP-9, and it did not modulate MMP-9 gene expression in hTCEpi cells, but it was able to bind to MMP-9 and inhibited in vitro activity of exogenous MMP-9 in the presence of human tears. Finally, in vivo results demonstrate that EDE significantly decreased immunolocalization of PRG4 on the corneal epithelium and trended towards a reduction of PRG4 in lacrimal gland lysate. Collectively these results demonstrate rhPRG4 has anti-inflammatory properties on corneal epithelial cells, particularly as it relates to mitigating chemokine production, and is an inhibitor of MMP-9 activity, as well as that in vivo expression of PRG4 can be altered in preclinical models of DED. In conclusion, these findings contribute to our understanding of PRG4's immunomodulatory properties in the context of DED inflammation and provide the foundation and motivation for further mechanistic research of PRG4's properties on the ocular surface as well as expanding clinical evaluation of its ability as a multifunctional therapeutic agent to effectively provide relief to those who suffer from DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil G Menon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ruchi Goyal
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paige S Woods
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Adam P Tanguay
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa A Morin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nabangshu Das
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rachel L Redfern
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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27
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CLEAR - Contact lens wettability, cleaning, disinfection and interactions with tears. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:157-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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The effect of synovium graft on conjunctiva in rabbit model of dry eye. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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29
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Downie LE, Bandlitz S, Bergmanson JPG, Craig JP, Dutta D, Maldonado-Codina C, Ngo W, Siddireddy JS, Wolffsohn JS. CLEAR - Anatomy and physiology of the anterior eye. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:132-156. [PMID: 33775375 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key element of contact lens practice involves clinical evaluation of anterior eye health, including the cornea and limbus, conjunctiva and sclera, eyelids and eyelashes, lacrimal system and tear film. This report reviews the fundamental anatomy and physiology of these structures, including the vascular supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage, sensory innervation, physiology and function. This is the foundation for considering the potential interactions with, and effects of, contact lens wear on the anterior eye. This information is not consistently published as academic research and this report provides a synthesis from all available sources. With respect to terminology, the report aims to promote the consistent use of nomenclature in the field, and generally adopts anatomical terms recommended by the Federative Committee for Anatomical Terminology. Techniques for the examination of the ocular surface are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Stefan Bandlitz
- Höhere Fachschule für Augenoptik Köln, Cologne School of Optometry, Germany; School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan P G Bergmanson
- Texas Eye Research and Technology Center, University of Houston College of Optometry, United States
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carole Maldonado-Codina
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 14W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | | | - James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Baiula M, Spampinato S. Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:345-358. [PMID: 33790661 PMCID: PMC8001578 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s237487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex multifactorial disease showing heterogenous symptoms, including dryness, photophobia, ocular discomfort, irritation and burning but also pain. These symptoms can affect visual function leading to restrictions in daily life activities and reduction in work productivity with a consequently high impact on quality of life. Several pathological mechanisms contribute to the disease: evaporative water loss leads to impairment and loss of tear homeostasis inducing either directly or indirectly to inflammation, in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Dysregulated ocular immune responses result in ocular surface damage, which further contributes to DED pathogenesis. Currently, DED treatment is based on a flexible stepwise approach to identify the most beneficial intervention. Although most of the available treatments may control to a certain extent some signs and symptoms of DED, they show significant limitations and do not completely address the needs of patients suffering from DED. This review provides an overview of the emerging experimental therapies for DED. Several promising therapeutic strategies are under development with the aim of dampening inflammation and restoring the homeostasis of the ocular surface microenvironment. Results from early phase clinical trials, testing the effects of EnaC blockers, TRPM8 agonist or mesenchymal stem cells in DED patients, are especially awaited to demonstrate their therapeutic value for the treatment of DED. Moreover, the most advanced experimental strategies in the pipeline for DED, tivanisiran, IL-1R antagonist EBI-005 and SkQ1, are being tested in Phase III clinical trials, still ongoing. Nevertheless, although promising results, further studies are still needed to confirm efficacy and safety of the new emerging therapies for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lubricin as a tool for controlling adhesion in vivo and ex vivo. Biointerphases 2021; 16:020802. [PMID: 33736436 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to prevent or minimize the accumulation of unwanted biological materials on implantable medical devices is important in maintaining the long-term function of implants. To address this issue, there has been a focus on materials, both biological and synthetic, that have the potential to prevent device fouling. In this review, we introduce a glycoprotein called lubricin and report on its emergence as an effective antifouling coating material. We outline the versatility of lubricin coatings on different surfaces, describe the physical properties of its monolayer structures, and highlight its antifouling properties in improving implant compatibility as well as its use in treatment of ocular diseases and arthritis. This review further describes synthetic polymers mimicking the lubricin structure and function. We also discuss the potential future use of lubricin and its synthetic mimetics as antiadhesive biomaterials for therapeutic applications.
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Kisla Ekinci RM, Balci S, Dogan H, Ceylaner S, Varan C, Erdem S, Coban F, Bisgin A. Camptodactyly-Arthropathy-Coxa Vara-Pericarditis Syndrome Resembling Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Single-Center Experience from Southern Turkey. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:112-117. [PMID: 34012381 DOI: 10.1159/000513111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome, caused by biallelic pathogenic mutations in the PRG4 gene, is characterized by early-onset camptodactyly, noninflammatory arthropathy, coxa vara deformity, and rarely, pericardial effusion. Herein, we report 3 patients with CACP syndrome from 2 unrelated families. All patients are female, born to consanguineous parents, and had camptodactyly since the first years of their lives. Two patients had a prior diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Hip changes were present in 2 patients, and 2 of 3 patients had undergone surgery for camptodactyly. Routine echocardiographic evaluations were normal during the 2-year follow-up. This paper represents the third study including CACP patients from Turkey. Clinically, all 3 patients resembled juvenile idiopathic arthritis cases and received unnecessary medication. There is also an ongoing need for improving awareness of CACP and an effective treatment focusing on the lubrication of the joint space in CACP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibel Balci
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Haldun Dogan
- INTERGEN Genetic Diagnosis and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Ceylaner
- INTERGEN Genetic Diagnosis and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Celal Varan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Erdem
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatma Coban
- Department of Medical Genetics, AGENTEM, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Atil Bisgin
- Department of Medical Genetics, AGENTEM, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Korogiannaki M, Samsom M, Matheson A, Soliman K, Schmidt TA, Sheardown H. Investigating the Synergistic Interactions of Surface Immobilized and Free Natural Ocular Lubricants for Contact Lens Applications: A Comparative Study between Hyaluronic Acid and Proteoglycan 4 (Lubricin). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1062-1072. [PMID: 33434030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main reasons for the discontinuation of contact lens wear are ocular dryness and discomfort. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucinous glycoprotein, and hyaluronic acid (HA), a nonsulfated linear glycosaminoglycan, are naturally present in the eye and contribute to ocular hydration and lubrication. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the structure of the recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4)/HA complex on contact lens properties, when one agent is grafted and the counterpart is physisorbed on the surface of model conventional or silicone contact lens materials. Investigation of the wettability, water retention, antifouling, and boundary lubricant properties of the prepared hydrogels showed that the rhPRG4/HA interactions varied with the rhPRG/HA configuration on the hydrogel surface as well as the composition of the underlying substrate used. The rhPRG4-physisorbed/HA-grafted sample was characterized by better antifouling and boundary lubricant properties on the model conventional hydrogels, while the HA-physisorbed/rhPRG4-grafted sample exhibited improved surface wettability, antifouling, and water-retentive properties on the model silicone hydrogels. The results of this study contribute to the design of biomimetic contact lens surfaces that work synergistically with ocular fluid-phase biological agents to enhance compatibility between the contact lens and the ocular environment, alleviating dry eye symptoms and improving comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Korogiannaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Michael Samsom
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Austyn Matheson
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Karim Soliman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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The lubricating effect of iPS-reprogrammed fibroblasts on collagen-GAG scaffolds for cartilage repair applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104174. [PMID: 33191173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering products, like collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, have been successfully applied to chondrogenic defects. Inducible Pluripotent Stem cell (iPS) technology allows reprograming of somatic cells into an embryonic-like state, allowing for redifferentiation. We postulated that a fibroblast cell line (BJ cells - 'pre-iPSF') cycled through iPS reprogramming and redifferentiated into fibroblasts (post-iPSF) could lubricate collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds; fibroblasts are known to produce lubricating molecules (e.g., lubricin) in the synovium. Herein, we quantified the coefficient of friction (CoF) of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds seeded with post-iPSF; tested whether cell-free scaffolds made of post-iPSF derived extracellular matrix had reduced friction vs. pre-iPSF; and assessed lubricin quantity as a possible protein responsible for lubrication. Post-iPSF seeded CG had 6- to 10-fold lower CoF versus pre-iPSF. Scaffolds consisting of a collagen and pre-/post-iPSF extracellular matrix blend outperformed these cell-seeded scaffolds (~5-fold lower CoF), yielding excellent CoF values close to synovial fluid. Staining revealed an increased presence of lubricin within post-iPSF scaffolds (confirmed by western blotting) and on the surface of iPSF-seeded collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Interestingly, when primary cells from patient biopsy-derived fibroblasts were used, iPS reprogramming did not further reduce the already low CoF of these cells and no lubricin expression was found. We conclude that iPS reprogramming activates lubricating properties in iPS-derived cells in a source cell-specific manner. Additionally, lubricin appears to play a lubricating role, yet other proteins also contribute to lubrication. This work constitutes an important step for understanding post-iPSF lubrication of scaffolds and its potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Flowers SA, Thomsson KA, Ali L, Huang S, Mthembu Y, Regmi SC, Holgersson J, Schmidt TA, Rolfson O, Björkman LI, Sundqvist M, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Jay GD, Eisler T, Krawetz R, Karlsson NG. Decrease of core 2 O-glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16023-16036. [PMID: 32928962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovial fluid glycoprotein lubricin (also known as proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type O-linked glycosylated biological lubricant implicated to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin's ability to reduce friction is related to its glycosylation consisting of sialylated and unsialylated Tn-antigens and core 1 and core 2 structures. The glycans on lubricin have also been suggested to be involved in crosslinking and stabilization of the lubricating superficial layer of cartilage by mediating interaction between lubricin and galectin-3. However, with the spectrum of glycans being found on lubricin, the glycan candidates involved in this interaction were unknown. Here, we confirm that the core 2 O-linked glycans mediate this lubricin-galectin-3 interaction, shown by surface plasmon resonance data indicating that recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core 2 structures did not bind to recombinant galectin-3. Conversely, transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the core 2 GlcNAc transferase acting on a mucin-type O-glycoprotein displayed increased galectin-3 binding. Both the level of galectin-3 and the galectin-3 interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients, coinciding with an increase in unsialylated core 1 O-glycans (T-antigens) and Tn-antigens. These data suggest a defect in crosslinking of surface-active molecules in OA and provide novel insights into OA molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Flowers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina A Thomsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Mthembu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ola Rolfson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena I Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas Eisler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Li YP, Liu W, Liu YH, Ren Y, Wang ZG, Zhao B, Huang S, Xu JZ, Li ZM. Highly improved aqueous lubrication of polymer surface by noncovalently bonding hyaluronic acid-based hydration layer for endotracheal intubation. Biomaterials 2020; 262:120336. [PMID: 32920428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydration lubrication is the key responsible for the exceptionally low boundary friction between biosurfaces. However, it is a challenge to settle a hydration layer on a polymer surface via a noncovalent manner. Herein, we develop a highly lubricated coating absorbed onto the polymer surface via intermolecular association of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based micelles. A poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (Pluronic, F127) is recruited to complex with HA and further self-assembled to form a thick micelle layer. High water-retaining capacity of the HA/F127 coating enables the decorated surface with excellent hydrophilicity and boundary lubrication, where the coefficient of friction in aqueous media is reduced by 60% compared with the bare polymer surface. The HA/F127 coating suppresses nonspecific protein adsorption and exhibits good biocompatibility. More remarkably, an in vivo cynomolgus monkey model, demonstrates the utility of the HA/F127 coating in alleviating or preventing complications of endotracheal intubation, such as foreign irritation, airway mucosal damage, and inflammatory response. This cost-effective and scalable approach is suitable to manufacture interventional devices especially disposable medical devices with highly lubricated surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Pu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ya-Hui Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yue Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Baisong Zhao
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Serum Glycoproteomic Alterations in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8030025. [PMID: 32933222 PMCID: PMC7565786 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis are unclear, and treatment options are limited. There is an urgent need to discover and develop novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that plays a critical role in determining protein structure, function, and stability. Recent studies have found that serum glycoproteomic changes are associated with the presence or progression of several inflammatory diseases. However, very little is known about the glycoproteomic changes associated with DR. In this study, glycoproteomic profiling of the serum of diabetic patients with and without DR was performed. A total of 15 glycopeptides from 11 glycoproteins were found to be significantly altered (5 upregulated and 10 downregulated) within the serum glycoproteome of DR patients. These glycoproteins are known to be involved in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix and complement system through peptidolytic activity or regulation.
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Puri S, Coulson-Thomas YM, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Distribution and Function of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans in the Development, Homeostasis and Pathology of the Ocular Surface. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:731. [PMID: 32903857 PMCID: PMC7438910 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface, which forms the interface between the eye and the external environment, includes the cornea, corneoscleral limbus, the conjunctiva and the accessory glands that produce the tear film. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) have been shown to play important roles in the development, hemostasis and pathology of the ocular surface. Herein we review the current literature related to the distribution and function of GAGs and PGs within the ocular surface, with focus on the cornea. The unique organization of ECM components within the cornea is essential for the maintenance of corneal transparency and function. Many studies have described the importance of GAGs within the epithelial and stromal compartment, while very few studies have analyzed the ECM of the endothelial layer. Importantly, GAGs have been shown to be essential for maintaining corneal homeostasis, epithelial cell differentiation and wound healing, and, more recently, a role has been suggested for the ECM in regulating limbal stem cells, corneal innervation, corneal inflammation, corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Reports have also associated genetic defects of the ECM to corneal pathologies. Thus, we also highlight the role of different GAGs and PGs in ocular surface homeostasis, as well as in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Puri
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yvette M Coulson-Thomas
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Optimvia, LLC, Batavia, OH, United States
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Rabiah NI, Sato Y, Kannan A, Kress W, Straube F, Fuller GG. Understanding the adsorption and potential tear film stability properties of recombinant human lubricin and bovine submaxillary mucins in an in vitro tear film model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111257. [PMID: 32712549 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The wetting and adsorption properties for two glycoproteins, recombinant human lubricin and bovine submaxillary mucins (BSM) were evaluated on hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass dome surfaces in a simplified in vitro tear film model. We show that both recombinant human lubricin (rh-lubricin) and BSM solutions render surfaces hydrophilic and when the fluid films reach 500 nm or less, the fluids resist evaporation-driven breakup through a volumetric flux across the surface, which we believe is due to evaporation-driven solutocapillary flows. rh-Lubricin was able to maintain a wet film without spontaneous breakup for longer periods of time than BSM at lower concentrations, which we attribute to differences in adsorption properties, measured by QCM-D, that result from surface charge and structural differences (confirmed by zeta potential, DLS, and SAXS measurements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle I Rabiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Aadithya Kannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Richendrfer HA, Levy MM, Elsaid KA, Schmidt TA, Zhang L, Cabezas R, Jay GD. Recombinant Human Proteoglycan-4 Mediates Interleukin-6 Response in Both Human and Mouse Endothelial Cells Induced Into a Sepsis Phenotype. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0126. [PMID: 32695993 PMCID: PMC7314356 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States. Putative targets to prevent systemic inflammatory response syndrome include antagonism of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and CD44 receptors in vascular endothelial cells. Proteoglycan-4 is a mucinous glycoprotein that interacts with CD44 and toll-like receptor 4 resulting in a blockade of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 pathway. We hypothesized that endothelial cells induced into a sepsis phenotype would have less interleukin-6 expression after recombinant human proteoglycan 4 treatment in vitro. DESIGN Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure interleukin-6 protein and gene expression. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, human lung microvascular endothelial cells, and transgenic mouse (wild type) (Cd44 +/+/Prg4 +/+), Cd44 -/- (Cd44 tm1Hbg Prg4 +/+), Prg4 GT/GT (Cd44 +/+ Prg4 tm2Mawa/J), and double knockout (Cd44 tm1Hbg Prg4 tm2Mawa/J) lung microvascular endothelial cells. INTERVENTIONS Cells were treated with 100 or 250 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide-Escherichia coli K12 and subsequently treated with recombinant human proteoglycan 4 after 30 minutes. Interleukin-6 levels in conditioned media were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gene expression was measured via reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction with ΔΔ-Ct analysis. Additionally, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and human lung microvascular endothelial cells were treated with 1:10 diluted plasma from 15 patients with sepsis in culture media. After 30 minutes, either 50 or 100 µg/mL recombinant human proteoglycan 4 was administered. Interleukin-6 protein and gene expression were assayed. Proteoglycan 4 levels were also compared between control and sepsis patient plasma. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell, human lung microvascular endothelial cell, and mouse lung microvascular endothelial cell treated with lipopolysaccharide had significantly increased interleukin-6 protein compared with controls. Recombinant human proteoglycan-4 significantly reduced interleukin-6 in human and mouse endothelial cells. Interleukin-6 gene expression was significantly increased after lipopolysaccharide treatment compared with controls. This response was reversed by 50 or 100 µg/mL recombinant human proteoglycan-4 in 80% of sepsis samples in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and in 60-73% in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. In Cd44 -/- genotypes of the mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells, recombinant human proteoglycan-4 significantly reduced interleukin-6 protein levels after lipopolysaccharide treatment, indicating that Cd44 is not needed for recombinant human proteoglycan-4 to have an effect in a toll-like receptor 4 agonist inflammation model. Patient sepsis samples had higher plasma levels of native proteoglycan-4 than controls. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Recombinant human proteoglycan-4 is a potential adjunct therapy for sepsis patients and warrants future in vivo model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Mitchell M Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Ralph Cabezas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
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Abstract
PURPOSE Lubricin, a boundary lubricant, is the body's unique antiadhesive, antifibrotic, antifriction, and antiinflammatory glycoprotein. This amphiphile is produced by numerous tissues and acts to regulate a number of processes, such as homeostasis, shear stress, tissue development, innate immunity, inflammation, and wound healing. We hypothesize that lubricin is also synthesized and expressed by the amniotic membrane (AM), which also possesses antiadhesive, antifibrotic, and antiinflammatory properties. We also hypothesize that lubricin, at least in part, mediates these AM capabilities. Our goal was to test our hypothesis. METHODS We obtained multiple samples of fresh, cryopreserved (CP), and freeze-dried (FD) human AMs, as well as fresh placental tissue as positive controls, and processed them for light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses. We also evaluated the ability of recombinant human lubricin to associate with FD-AMs. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that all fresh placental, fresh AM, and CP-AM samples contained lubricin. Lubricin was expressed in placental chorionic villi, AM epithelial and stromal cells, and CP-AM epithelia. No lubricin could be detected in FD-AMs but could be restored in FD-AMs after overnight incubation with recombinant human lubricin. CONCLUSIONS This study supports our hypothesis that lubricin is expressed in human AMs. In addition, our data show that preservation methods influence the extent of this expression. Indeed, the disappearance of lubricin in FD-AMs may explain why dried AM reportedly loses its antiinflammatory and antiscarring abilities. It is possible that lubricin may mediate, at least in part, many of the biological properties of AMs.
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Qiao Z, Xin M, Wang L, Li H, Wang C, Wang L, Tang T, Zhu B, Huang G, Wang Y, Zheng M, Dai K. Proteoglycan 4 predicts tribological properties of repaired cartilage tissue. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2538-2552. [PMID: 32194818 PMCID: PMC7052906 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: One of the essential requirements in maintaining the normal joint motor function is the perfect tribological property of the articular cartilage. Many cartilage regeneration strategies have been developed for treatment in early stages of osteoarthritis, but there is little information on how repaired articular cartilage regains durability. The identification of biomarkers that can predict wear resistant property is critical to advancing the success of cartilage regeneration therapies. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a macromolecule distributing on the chondrocyte surface that contributes to lubrication. In this study, we investigate if PRG4 expression is associated with tribological properties of regenerated cartilage, and is able to predict its wear resistant status. Methods: Two different strategies including bone marrow enrichment plus microfracture (B/BME-MFX) and microfracture alone (B-MFX) of cartilage repair in sheep were used. PRG4 expression and a series of tribological parameters on regenerated cartilage were rigorously examined and compared. Results: Highly and continuously expression of PRG4 in regenerated cartilage surface was negatively correlated with each tribological parameter (P<0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that PRG4 expression was the key predictor that contributed to the promotion of cartilage wear resistance. Conclusion: Higher PRG4 expression in regenerated cartilage is significantly associated with wear resistance improvement. PRG4 may be useful for predicting the wear resistant status of regenerated cartilage and determining the optimal cartilage repair strategy.
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Abstract
Proteoglycan 4 (or lubricin), a mucin-like glycoprotein, was originally classified as a lubricating substance within diarthrodial joints. More recently, lubricin has been found in other tissues and has been implicated in 2 inflammatory pathways within the cell, via the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and CD44. Lubricin is an antagonist of TLR2 and TLR4, and appears to enter cells via the CD44 receptor. Because of lubricin's action on these receptors, downstream processes of inflammation are halted, thereby preventing release of cytokines (a hallmark of inflammation and sepsis) from the cell, indicating lubricin's role as a biomarker and possible therapeutic for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Laboratory, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin Street, CORO West, Room 4.303, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Laboratory, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin Street, CORO West, Room 4.303, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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45
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Han M, Silva SM, Lei W, Quigley A, Kapsa RMI, Moulton SE, Greene GW. Adhesion and Self-Assembly of Lubricin (PRG4) Brush Layers on Different Substrate Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15834-15848. [PMID: 31355643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lubricin (LUB, aka PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein, is best known for the significant role it plays in the boundary lubrication, wear protection, and adhesion control systems in human joints. However, LUB exhibits a number of diverse and useful properties, including a remarkable ability to self-assemble into a telechelic brush structure onto virtually any substrate. This self-assembly behavior has spawned the emergence of numerous nontraditional applications of LUB coatings in numerous areas such as microfluidics, electrochemical sensors, contact lenses, antifouling surfaces, and bionic neural interfaces. Although LUB will readily self-assemble on most substrates, it has become apparent that the substrate has a significant influence on the LUB layer's demonstrated lubrication, antiadhesion, electrokinetic, and size-selective transport properties; however, investigations into LUB-substrate interactions and how they influence the self-assembled LUB layer structure remain a neglected aspect of LUB research. This study utilizes AFM force spectroscopy to directly assess the adhesion energy of LUB molecules adsorbed to a wide variety of different substrates which include inorganic, polymeric, and metallic materials. An analysis of the steric repulsive forces measured on approach provides a qualitative assessment of the LUB layer's mechanical modulus, related to the chain packing density, across substrates. These modulus measurements, combined with characteristic features and the dwell time dependence of the LUB adhesion forces provide insight into the organization and uniformity of the LUB brush structure. The results of these measurements indicate that LUB interactions with different substrates are highly variable and substrate-specific, resulting in a surprisingly broad spectrum of adhesion energies and layer properties (i.e., chain density, uniformity, etc.) which are not, themselves, correlated or easily predicted by substrate properties. In addition, this study finds exceptionally poor LUB adhesion to both mica and poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces that remain widely used substrates for constructing model surfaces in fundamental tribology studies which may have significant implications for the findings of a number of foundational studies into LUB tribology and molecular synergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Han
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , Deakin University , Melbourne , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
- BioFab3D@ACMD , St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Victoria 3065 , Australia
| | - Weiwei Lei
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria , Australia
| | - Anita Quigley
- BioFab3D@ACMD , St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Victoria 3065 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- BioFab3D@ACMD , St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Victoria 3065 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , Deakin University , Melbourne , Victoria 3216 , Australia
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46
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Cheung S, Subbaraman LN, Ngo W, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Jones L. Localization of full-length recombinant human proteoglycan-4 in commercial contact lenses using confocal microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 31:110-122. [PMID: 31594478 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1678454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the sorption location of full-length recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to four silicone hydrogel contact lenses [balafilcon A (PureVision, Bausch + Lomb), senofilcon A (Acuvue Oasys, Johnson & Johnson), comfilcon A (Biofinity, CooperVision), lotrafilcon B (Air Optix, Alcon)] and one conventional hydrogel lens [etafilcon A (Acuvue 2, Johnson & Johnson)], using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Lenses (n = 3 each) were incubated under two conditions: (1) FITC-rhPRG4 solution at 300 μg/mL and (2) phosphate-buffered saline, for 1 h at 37 °C in darkness with gentle shaking. The central 4 mm of each lens was removed and viewed with the Zeiss 510 CLSM using an argon laser at 488 nm (FITC excitation 495 nm, emission 521 nm). Depth scans were taken at 1 μm intervals to a maximum depth of 100 μm. All lens materials demonstrated sorption of rhPRG4. Both senofilcon A and balafilcon A revealed FITC-rhPRG4 penetration into the bulk of the lens, generally favoring the surface. rhPRG4 was observed exclusively on the surface of lotrafilcon B, with no presence within the bulk of the lens. rhPRG4 was evenly distributed throughout the bulk of the lens, as well as on the surface, for comfilcon A and etafilcon A. The sorption profile of FITC-rhPRG4 was successfully visualized using CLSM in various contact lens materials. The polymer composition, surface treatment and pore size of the material can influence the sorption of rhPRG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cheung
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshman N Subbaraman
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School & School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Multiscale reverse engineering of the human ocular surface. Nat Med 2019; 25:1310-1318. [PMID: 31384041 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a miniaturized analog of a blinking human eye to reverse engineer the complexity of the interface between the ocular system and the external environment. Our model comprises human cells and provides unique capabilities to replicate multiscale structural organization, biological phenotypes and dynamically regulated environmental homeostasis of the human ocular surface. Using this biomimetic system, we discovered new biological effects of blink-induced mechanical forces. Furthermore, we developed a specialized in vitro model of evaporative dry-eye disease for high-content drug screening. This work advances our ability to emulate how human physiological systems interface with the external world, and may contribute to the future development of novel screening platforms for biopharmaceutical and environmental applications.
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48
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Pradal C, Yakubov GE, Williams MAK, McGuckin MA, Stokes JR. Lubrication by biomacromolecules: mechanisms and biomimetic strategies. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2019; 14:051001. [PMID: 31212257 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ab2ac6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules play a key role in protecting human biointerfaces from friction and wear, and thus enable painless motion. Biomacromolecules give rise to remarkable tribological properties that researchers have been eager to emulate. In this review, we examine how molecules such as mucins, lubricin, hyaluronic acid and other components of biotribological interfaces provide a unique set of rheological and surface properties that leads to low friction and wear. We then highlight how researchers have used some of the features of biotribological contacts to create biomimetic systems. While the brush architecture of the glycosylated molecules present at biotribological interfaces has inspired some promising polymer brush systems, it is the recent advance in the understanding of synergistic interaction between biomacromolecules that is showing the most potential in producing surfaces with a high lubricating ability. Research currently suggests that no single biomacromolecule or artificial polymer successfully reproduces the tribological properties of biological contacts. However, by combining molecules, one can enhance their anchoring and lubricating capacity, thus enabling the design of surfaces for use in biomedical applications requiring low friction and wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Pradal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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49
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Flowers SA, Lane CS, Karlsson NG. Deciphering Isomers with a Multiple Reaction Monitoring Method for the Complete Detectable O-Glycan Repertoire of the Candidate Therapeutic, Lubricin. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9819-9827. [PMID: 31246420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental post-translational modification, occurring on half of all proteins. Despite its significance, our understanding is limited, in part due to the inherent difficulty in studying these branched, multi-isomer structures. Accessible, detailed, and quantifiable methods for studying glycans, particularly O-glycans, are needed. Here we take a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach to differentiate and relatively quantify all detectable glycans, including isomers, on the heavily O-glycosylated protein lubricin. Lubricin (proteoglycan 4) is essential for lubrication of the joint and eye. Given the therapeutic potential of lubricin, it is essential to understand its O-glycan repertoire in biological and recombinantly produced samples. O-Glycans were released by reductive β-elimination and defined, showing a range of 26 neutral, sulfated, sialylated, and both sulfated and sialylated core 1 (Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-) and core 2 (Galβ1-3(GlcNAcβ1-6)GalNAcα1-) structures. Isomer-specific MRM transitions allowed effective differentiation of neutral glycan isomers as well as sulfated isomeric structures, where the sulfate was retained on the fragment ions. This strategy was not as effective with labile sialylated structures; instead, it was observed that the optimal collision energy for the m/z 290.1 sialic acid B-fragment differed consistently between sialic acid isomers, allowing differentiation between isomers when fragmentation spectra were insufficient. This approach was also effective for purchased Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4Glc and Neu5Acα2-6Galβ1-4Glc and for Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc and Neu5Acα2-6Galβ1-4GlcNAc linkage isomers with the Neu5Acα2-6 consistently requiring more energy for optimal generation of the m/z 290.1 fragment. Overall, this method provides an effective and easily accessible approach for the quantification and annotation of complex released O-glycan samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Flowers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Medicinaregatan 9A , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience , Georgetown University , 3970 Reservoir Road NW, New Research Building EP20 , Washington, D.C. , United States
| | - Catherine S Lane
- SCIEX , Phoenix House, Lakeside Drive, Centre Park , Warrington WA1 1RX , United Kingdom
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Medicinaregatan 9A , 40530 Gothenburg , Sweden
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50
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Shurer CR, Wang Y, Feeney E, Head SE, Zhang VX, Su J, Cheng Z, Stark MA, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Stable recombinant production of codon-scrambled lubricin and mucin in human cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1292-1303. [PMID: 30684357 PMCID: PMC6764099 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Widespread therapeutic and commercial interest in recombinant mucin technology has emerged due to the unique ability of mucin glycoproteins to hydrate, protect, and lubricate biological surfaces. However, recombinant production of the large, highly repetitive domains that are characteristic of mucins remains a challenge in biomanufacturing likely due, at least in part, to the inherent instability of DNA repeats in the cellular genome. To overcome this challenge, we exploit codon redundancy to encode desired mucin polypeptides with minimal nucleotide repetition. The codon-scrambling strategy was applied to generate synonymous genes, or "synDNAs," for two mucins of commercial interest: lubricin and mucin 1. Stable, long-term recombinant production in suspension-adapted human 293-F cells was demonstrated for the synonymous lubricin complementary DNA (cDNA), which we refer to as SynLubricin. Under optimal conditions, a 293-F subpopulation produced recombinant SynLubricin at more than 200 mg/L of media and was stable throughout 2 months of continuous culture. Functionality tests confirmed that the recombinant lubricin could effectively inhibit cell adhesion and lubricate cartilage explants. Together, our work provides a viable workflow for cDNA design and stable mucin production in mammalian host production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R. Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Elizabeth Feeney
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shelby E. Head
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Victoria X. Zhang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Zhu Cheng
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Morgan A. Stark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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