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Mahrous NN, Albaqami A, Saleem RA, Khoja B, Khan MI, Hawsawi YM. The known and unknown about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) genetics: a special emphasis on Arab population. Front Genet 2024; 15:1405453. [PMID: 39165752 PMCID: PMC11333229 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1405453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by behavioral appearances such as impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity. The prevalence of ADHD is high in childhood when compared to adults. ADHD has been significantly advanced by genetic research over the past 25 years. However, it is logically conceivable that both genetic and/or non-genetic factors, such as postnatal environmental and social influences, are associated with ADHD phenotype in Arab populations. While genetic influences are strongly linked with the etiology of ADHD, it remains obscure how consanguinity which is an underlying factor for many genetic diseases, contributes to ADHD subtypes. Arabian Gulf Nations have one the highest rates of consanguineous marriages, and consanguinity plays an important contributing factor in many genetic diseases that exist in higher percentages in Arabian Gulf Nations. Therefore, the current review aims to shed light on the genetic variants associated with ADHD subtypes in Arabian Gulf nations and Saudi Arabia in particular. It also focuses on the symptoms and the diagnosis of ADHD before turning to the neuropsychological pathways and subgroups of ADHD. The impact of a consanguinity-based understanding of the ADHD subtype will help to understand the genetic variability of the Arabian Gulf population in comparison with the other parts of the world and will provide novel information to develop new avenues for future research in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed N. Mahrous
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al- Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirah Albaqami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turbah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimah A. Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Khoja
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I. Khan
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef M. Hawsawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Liu L, Chen D, Huang F, Jia T, Cheng W, Pan M, Zhao M, Bu X, Liao X, Wang Y, Cao M, Qian Q, Feng J. Interference of default mode on attention networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with genetic variants and treatment outcomes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14900. [PMID: 39145420 PMCID: PMC11325164 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Altered brain functional connectivity has been proposed as the neurobiological underpinnings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the default mode interference hypothesis is one of the most popular neuropsychological models. Here, we explored whether this hypothesis is supported in adults with ADHD and the association with high-risk genetic variants and treatment outcomes. METHODS Voxel-based whole-brain connectome analysis was conducted on resting-state functional MRI data from 84 adults with ADHD and 89 healthy controls to identify functional connectivity substrates corresponding to ADHD-related alterations. The candidate genetic variants and 12-week cognitive behavioral therapy data were leveraged from the same population to assess these associations. RESULTS We detected breakdowns of functional connectivity in the precuneus and left middle temporal gyrus in adults with ADHD, with exact contributions from decreased connectivity within the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention networks, as well as increased connectivity among them with the middle temporal gyrus serving as a crucial 'bridge'. Additionally, significant associations between the altered functional connectivity and genetic variants in both MAOA and MAOB were detected. Treatment restored brain function, with the amelioration of connectivity of the middle temporal gyrus, accompanied by improvements in ADHD core symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the interference of default mode on attention in adults with ADHD and its association with genetic risk variants and clinical management, providing insights into the underlying pathogenesis of ADHD and potential biomarkers for treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Mental Health Education and Counselling Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Pan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Baboli R, Cao M, Martin E, Halperin JM, Wu K, Li X. Distinct structural brain network properties in children with familial versus non-familial attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cortex 2024; 179:1-13. [PMID: 39089096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent, inheritable, and heterogeneous childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with a hereditary background of ADHD have heightened risk of having ADHD and persistent impairment symptoms into adulthood. These facts suggest distinct familial-specific neuropathological substrates in ADHD that may exist in anatomical components subserving attention and cognitive control processing pathways during development. The objective of this study is to investigate the topological properties of the gray matter (GM) structural brain networks in children with familial ADHD (ADHD-F), non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF), as well as matched controls. A total of 452 participants were involved, including 132, 165 and 155 in groups of ADHD-F, ADHD-NF and typically developed children, respectively. The GM structural brain network was constructed for each group using graph theoretical techniques with cortical and subcortical structures as nodes and correlations between volume of each pair of the nodes within each group as edges, while controlled for confounding factors using regression analysis. Relative to controls, children in both ADHD-F and ADHD-NF groups showed significantly higher nodal global and nodal local efficiencies in the left caudal middle frontal gyrus. Compared to controls and ADHD-NF, children with ADHD-F showed distinct structural network topological patterns associated with right precuneus (significantly higher nodal global efficiency and significantly higher nodal strength), left paracentral gyrus (significantly higher nodal strength and trend toward significantly higher nodal local efficiency) and left putamen (significantly higher nodal global efficiency and trend toward significantly higher nodal local efficiency). Our results for the first time in the field provide evidence of familial-specific structural brain network alterations in ADHD, that may contribute to distinct clinical/behavioral symptomology and developmental trajectories in children with ADHD-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Baboli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA.
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Constant-Varlet C, Nakai T, Prado J. Intergenerational transmission of brain structure and function in humans: a narrative review of designs, methods, and findings. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1327-1348. [PMID: 38710874 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Children often show cognitive and affective traits that are similar to their parents. Although this indicates a transmission of phenotypes from parents to children, little is known about the neural underpinnings of that transmission. Here, we provide a general overview of neuroimaging studies that explore the similarity between parents and children in terms of brain structure and function. We notably discuss the aims, designs, and methods of these so-called intergenerational neuroimaging studies, focusing on two main designs: the parent-child design and the multigenerational design. For each design, we also summarize the major findings, identify the sources of variability between studies, and highlight some limitations and future directions. We argue that the lack of consensus in defining the parent-child transmission of brain structure and function leads to measurement heterogeneity, which is a challenge for future studies. Additionally, multigenerational studies often use measures of family resemblance to estimate the proportion of variance attributed to genetic versus environmental factors, though this estimate is likely inflated given the frequent lack of control for shared environment. Nonetheless, intergenerational neuroimaging studies may still have both clinical and theoretical relevance, not because they currently inform about the etiology of neuromarkers, but rather because they may help identify neuromarkers and test hypotheses about neuromarkers coming from more standard neuroimaging designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Constant-Varlet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.
| | - Tomoya Nakai
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
- Araya Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jérôme Prado
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Bron, France.
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5
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Wang Y, Ma L, Wang J, Ding Y, Men W, Tan S, Gao JH, Qin S, He Y, Dong Q, Tao S. Connections Between the Middle Frontal Gyrus and the Dorsoventral Attention Network Are Associated With the Development of Attentional Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01291-5. [PMID: 38718879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) has been proposed as a convergence site for the dorsal attention network (DAN) and ventral attention network (VAN), regulating both networks and enabling flexible modulation of attention. However, it is unclear whether the connections between the right MFG and these networks can predict changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. METHODS This study used data from the Children School Functions and Brain Development project (N = 713, 56.2% boys). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed to analyze the connections of the right MFG with the DAN/VAN; connectome-based predictive modeling was applied for longitudinal prediction, and ADHD polygenic risk scores were used for genetic analysis. RESULTS ADHD symptoms were associated with the connections between the right MFG and DAN subregion, including the frontal eye field, as well as the VAN subregions, namely the inferior parietal lobule and inferior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, these connections of the right MFG with the frontal eye field, the inferior parietal lobule, and the inferior frontal gyrus could significantly predict changes in ADHD symptoms over 1 year and mediate the prediction of ADHD symptom changes by polygenic risk scores for ADHD. Finally, the validation samples confirmed that the functional connectivity between the right MFG and the frontal eye field/inferior parietal lobule in patients with ADHD was significantly weaker than that in typically developing control participants, and this difference disappeared after medication. CONCLUSIONS The connection of the right MFG with the DAN and VAN can serve as a predictive indicator for changes in ADHD symptoms over the following year, while also mediating the prediction of ADHD symptom changes by a polygenic risk score for ADHD. These findings hold promise as potential biomarkers for early identification of children who are at risk of developing ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Leilei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Wang LJ, Li SC, Chou WJ, Kuo HC, Lee SY, Lin WC. Human transcriptome array analysis and diffusion tensor imaging in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:229-235. [PMID: 38412785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The mRNA markers identified using microarray assay and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) were applied to elucidate the pathophysiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). First, we obtained total RNA from leukocytes from three children with ADHD and three healthy controls for analysis with microarray assays. Subsequently, we applied real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) assays to validate the differential expression of 7 genes (COX7B, CYCS, TFAM, UTP14A, ZNF280C, IFT57 and NDUFB5) between 130 ADHD patients and 70 controls, and we built an ADHD prediction model based on the ΔCt values of aforementioned seven genes (AUROC = 0.98). Finally, in a validation group (28 patients with ADHD and 27 healthy controls), mRNA expression of the above seven genes also significantly differentiated ADHD patients from controls (AUROC value = 0.91). The DTI analysis showed increased fractional anisotropy (FA) of the forceps minor, superior corona radiata, posterior corona radiata and anterior corona radiata in ADHD patients. Moreover, the FA of the right superior corona radiata tract was positively correlated with ΔCt levels of the COX7B gene and the IFT57 gene. The results shed a new light on a genetic profile of ADHD that may help in deciphering the white matter microstructural features in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821004, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
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Mooney MA, Hermosillo RJM, Feczko E, Miranda-Dominguez O, Moore LA, Perrone A, Byington N, Grimsrud G, Rueter A, Nousen E, Antovich D, Feldstein Ewing SW, Nagel BJ, Nigg JT, Fair DA. Cumulative Effects of Resting-State Connectivity Across All Brain Networks Significantly Correlate with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1202232023. [PMID: 38286629 PMCID: PMC10919250 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1202-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of replicable neuroimaging correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been hindered by small sample sizes, small effects, and heterogeneity of methods. Given evidence that ADHD is associated with alterations in widely distributed brain networks and the small effects of individual brain features, a whole-brain perspective focusing on cumulative effects is warranted. The use of large, multisite samples is crucial for improving reproducibility and clinical utility of brain-wide MRI association studies. To address this, a polyneuro risk score (PNRS) representing cumulative, brain-wide, ADHD-associated resting-state functional connectivity was constructed and validated using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD, N = 5,543, 51.5% female) study, and was further tested in the independent Oregon-ADHD-1000 case-control cohort (N = 553, 37.4% female). The ADHD PNRS was significantly associated with ADHD symptoms in both cohorts after accounting for relevant covariates (p < 0.001). The most predictive PNRS involved all brain networks, though the strongest effects were concentrated among the default mode and cingulo-opercular networks. In the longitudinal Oregon-ADHD-1000, non-ADHD youth had significantly lower PNRS (Cohen's d = -0.318, robust p = 5.5 × 10-4) than those with persistent ADHD (age 7-19). The PNRS, however, did not mediate polygenic risk for ADHD. Brain-wide connectivity was robustly associated with ADHD symptoms in two independent cohorts, providing further evidence of widespread dysconnectivity in ADHD. Evaluation in enriched samples demonstrates the promise of the PNRS approach for improving reproducibility in neuroimaging studies and unraveling the complex relationships between brain connectivity and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Robert J M Hermosillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Eric Feczko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Lucille A Moore
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Anders Perrone
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Nora Byington
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Gracie Grimsrud
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Amanda Rueter
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
| | - Elizabeth Nousen
- Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Dylan Antovich
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | | | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Center for Mental Health Innovation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
- Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Chiang HL, Tseng WYI, Tseng WL, Tung YH, Hsu YC, Chen CL, Gau SSF. Atypical development in white matter microstructures in ADHD: A longitudinal diffusion imaging study. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 79:103358. [PMID: 36481569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cross-sectional studies, alterations in white matter microstructure are evident in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but not so prominent in adults with ADHD compared to typically-developing controls (TDC). Moreover, the developmental trajectories of white matter microstructures in ADHD are unclear, given the limited longitudinal imaging studies that characterize developmental changes in ADHD vs. TDC. METHODS This longitudinal study acquired diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) at two time points. The sample included 55 participants with ADHD and 61 TDC. The enrollment/first DSI age ranged from 7 to 18 years, with a five-year mean follow-up time. We examined time-by-diagnosis interaction on the generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) of 45 white matter tracts, adjusting for confounding factors and correcting for multiple comparisons. We also tested whether the longitudinal changes of microstructures were associated with ADHD symptoms and attention performance in a computerized continuous performance test. RESULTS Participants with ADHD showed more rapid development of GFA in the arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, frontal aslant tract, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), frontostriatal tract connecting the prefrontal cortex (FS-PFC), thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, and corpus callosum. Within participants with ADHD, more rapid GFA increases in cingulum and FS-PFC were associated with slower decreases in inattention symptoms. In addition, in all participants, more rapid GFA increases in cingulum and IFOF were associated with greater improvement in attention performance. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest atypical developmental trajectories of white matter tracts in ADHD, characterized by normalization and possible compensatory neuroplastic processes with age from childhood to early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu-Hung Tung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Le Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Chiang HL, Tseng WYI, Wey HY, Gau SSF. Shared intrinsic functional connectivity alterations as a familial risk marker for ADHD: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with sibling design. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1736-1745. [PMID: 33046145 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we have a limited understanding of whether connectivity alterations are related to the familial risk of ADHD. METHODS Fifty-three probands with ADHD, their unaffected siblings (n = 53) and typically developing controls (n = 53) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A seed-based approach with the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was used to derive a whole-brain functional connectivity map in each subject. The differences in functional connectivity among the three groups were tested with one-way ANOVA using randomized permutation. Comparisons between two groups were also performed to examine the increase or decrease in connectivity. The severity of ADHD symptoms was used to identify brain regions where symptom severity is correlated to the strength of intrinsic functional connectivity. RESULTS When compared to controls, both probands and unaffected siblings showed increased functional connectivity in the left insula and left inferior frontal gyrus. The connectivity in these regions was linked to better performance in response inhibition in the control group but absent in other groups. Higher ADHD symptom severity was correlated with increased functional connectivity in bilateral fronto-parietal-temporal regions only noted in probands with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in resting-state functional connectivities with the precuneus/PCC, hubs of default-mode network, account for the underlying familial risks of ADHD. Since the left insula and left inferior frontal gyri are key regions of the salience and frontoparietal network, respectively, future studies focusing on alterations of cross-network functional connectivity as the familial risk of ADHD are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Yang A, Rolls ET, Dong G, Du J, Li Y, Feng J, Cheng W, Zhao XM. Longer screen time utilization is associated with the polygenic risk for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with mediation by brain white matter microstructure. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104039. [PMID: 35509143 PMCID: PMC9079003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to be associated with longer screen time utilization (STU) at the behavioral level. However, whether there are shared neural links between ADHD symptoms and prolonged STU is not clear and has not been explored in a single large-scale dataset. METHODS Leveraging the genetics, neuroimaging and behavioral data of 11,000+ children aged 9-11 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort, this study investigates the associations between the polygenic risk and trait for ADHD, STU, and white matter microstructure through cross-sectionally and longitudinal analyses. FINDINGS Children with higher polygenic risk scores for ADHD tend to have longer STU and more severe ADHD symptoms. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values in several white matter tracts are negatively correlated with both the ADHD polygenic risk score and STU, including the inferior frontal-striatal tract, inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus and corpus callosum. Most of these tracts are linked to visual-related functions. Longitudinal analyses indicate a directional effect of white matter microstructure on the ADHD scale, and a bi-directional effect between the ADHD scale and STU. Furthermore, reduction of FA in several white matter tracts mediates the association between the ADHD polygenic risk score and STU. INTERPRETATION These findings shed new light on the shared neural overlaps between ADHD symptoms and prolonged STU, and provide evidence that the polygenic risk for ADHD is related, via white matter microstructure and the ADHD trait, to STU. FUNDING This study was mainly supported by NSFC and National Key R&D Program of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
| | - Guiying Dong
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingnan Du
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Whole-brain white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4558. [PMID: 35296777 PMCID: PMC8927329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Using principal component analysis to first determine the possible personality profiles onto which core personality measures would load, we subsequently searched for whole-brain white matter correlations with these profiles. We found three personality profiles that correlated with the integrity of white matter tracts. The correlates of an “optimistic” personality profile suggest (a) an intricate network for self-referential processing that helps regulate negative affect and maintain a positive outlook on life, (b) a sustained capacity for visually tracking rewards in the environment and (c) a motor readiness to act upon the conviction that desired rewards are imminent. The correlates of a “short-term approach behavior” profile was indicative of minimal loss of integrity in white matter tracts supportive of lifting certain behavioral barriers, possibly allowing individuals to act more outgoing and carefree in approaching people and rewards. Lastly, a “long-term approach behavior” profile’s association with white matter tracts suggests lowered sensitivity to transient updates of stimulus-based associations of rewards and setbacks, thus facilitating the successful long-term pursuit of goals. Together, our findings yield convincing evidence that subjective well-being has its manifestations in the brain.
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12
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Zhao Y, Yang L, Gong G, Cao Q, Liu J. Identify aberrant white matter microstructure in ASD, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110477. [PMID: 34798202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) usually present overlapping symptoms. Abnormal white matter (WM) microstructure has been found in these disorders. Identification of common and unique neural abnormalities across NDDs could provide further insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. METHODS We performed a voxel-based meta-analysis of whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other NDDs. A systematic literature search was conducted through March 2020 to identify studies that compared measures of WM microstructure between patients with NDDs and neurotypical controls. Peak voxel coordinates were meta-analyzed via anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) as well as activation likelihood estimation (ALE). RESULTS Our final sample included a total of 4137 subjects from 66 studies across five NDDs. Fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions were found in the splenium of the CC in ADHD, and the genu and splenium of CC in ASD. And mean diffusivity (MD) increases were shown in posterior thalamic radiation in ASD. No consistent abnormalities were detected in specific learning disorder, motor disorder or communication disorder. Significant differences between child/adolescent and adult patients were found within the CC across NDDs, reflective of aberrant neurodevelopmental processes in NDDs. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated atypical WM patterns in ASD, ADHD and other NDDs. Microstructural abnormalities in the splenium of the CC were possibly shared among ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhao
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Gaolang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China.
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13
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An examination of the relationships between attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and functional connectivity over time. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:704-710. [PMID: 33558680 PMCID: PMC8782893 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional work has demonstrated resting-state connectivity abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to typically developing controls. However, it is unclear to what extent these neural abnormalities confer risk for later symptoms of the disorder, or represent the downstream effects of symptoms on functional connectivity. Here, we studied 167 children and adolescents (mean age at baseline = 10.74 years (SD = 2.54); mean age at follow-up = 13.3 years (SD = 2.48); 56 females) with varying levels of ADHD symptoms, all of whom underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and ADHD symptom assessments on two occasions during development. Resting-state functional connectivity was quantified using eigenvector centrality mapping. Using voxelwise cross-lag modeling, we found that less connectivity at baseline within right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with more follow-up symptoms of inattention (significant at an uncorrected cluster-forming threshold of p ≤ 0.001 and a cluster-level familywise error corrected threshold of p < 0.05). Findings suggest that previously reported cross-sectional abnormalities in functional connectivity within inferior frontal gyrus in patients with ADHD may represent a longitudinal risk factor for the disorder, in line with efforts to target this region with novel therapeutic methods.
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14
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Research on Frequent Itemset Mining of Imaging Genetics GWAS in Alzheimer’s Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020176. [PMID: 35205221 PMCID: PMC8871801 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As an efficient method, genome-wide association study (GWAS) is used to identify the association between genetic variation and pathological phenotypes, and many significant genetic variations founded by GWAS are closely associated with human diseases. However, it is not enough to mine only a single marker effect variation on complex biological phenotypes. Mining highly correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is more meaningful for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, we used two frequent pattern mining (FPM) framework, the FP-Growth and Eclat algorithms, to analyze the GWAS results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) phenotypes. Moreover, we applied the definition of confidence to FP-Growth and Eclat to enhance the FPM framework. By calculating the conditional probability of identified SNPs, we obtained the corresponding association rules to provide support confidence between these important SNPs. The resulting SNPs showed close correlation with hippocampus, memory, and AD. The experimental results also demonstrate that our framework is effective in identifying SNPs and provide candidate SNPs for further research.
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15
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Where the genome meets the connectome: Understanding how genes shape human brain connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118570. [PMID: 34508898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of modern neuroimaging methods with genetically informative designs and data can shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the structural and functional organization of the human connectome. Here, we review studies that have investigated the genetic basis of human brain network structure and function through three complementary frameworks: (1) the quantification of phenotypic heritability through classical twin designs; (2) the identification of specific DNA variants linked to phenotypic variation through association and related studies; and (3) the analysis of correlations between spatial variations in imaging phenotypes and gene expression profiles through the integration of neuroimaging and transcriptional atlas data. We consider the basic foundations, strengths, limitations, and discoveries associated with each approach. We present converging evidence to indicate that anatomical connectivity is under stronger genetic influence than functional connectivity and that genetic influences are not uniformly distributed throughout the brain, with phenotypic variation in certain regions and connections being under stronger genetic control than others. We also consider how the combination of imaging and genetics can be used to understand the ways in which genes may drive brain dysfunction in different clinical disorders.
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16
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Large-scale GWAS reveals genetic architecture of brain white matter microstructure and genetic overlap with cognitive and mental health traits (n = 17,706). Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3943-3955. [PMID: 31666681 PMCID: PMC7190426 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Individual variations of white matter (WM) tracts are known to be associated with various cognitive and neuropsychiatric traits. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 17,706 UK Biobank participants offer the opportunity to identify novel genetic variants of WM tracts and explore the genetic overlap with other brain-related complex traits. We analyzed the genetic architecture of 110 tract-based DTI parameters, carried out genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and performed post-GWAS analyses, including association lookups, gene-based association analysis, functional gene mapping, and genetic correlation estimation. We found that DTI parameters are substantially heritable for all WM tracts (mean heritability 48.7%). We observed a highly polygenic architecture of genetic influence across the genome (p value = 1.67 × 10-05) as well as the enrichment of genetic effects for active SNPs annotated by central nervous system cells (p value = 8.95 × 10-12). GWAS identified 213 independent significant SNPs associated with 90 DTI parameters (696 SNP-level and 205 locus-level associations; p value < 4.5 × 10-10, adjusted for testing multiple phenotypes). Gene-based association study prioritized 112 significant genes, most of which are novel. More importantly, association lookups found that many of the novel SNPs and genes of DTI parameters have previously been implicated with cognitive and mental health traits. In conclusion, the present study identifies many new genetic variants at SNP, locus and gene levels for integrity of brain WM tracts and provides the overview of pleiotropy with cognitive and mental health traits.
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17
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Takagi Y, Okada N, Ando S, Yahata N, Morita K, Koshiyama D, Kawakami S, Sawada K, Koike S, Endo K, Yamasaki S, Nishida A, Kasai K, Tanaka SC. Intergenerational transmission of the patterns of functional and structural brain networks. iScience 2021; 24:102708. [PMID: 34258550 PMCID: PMC8253972 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence of intergenerational transmission of life values, cognitive traits, psychiatric disorders, and even aspects of daily decision making. To investigate biological substrates of this phenomenon, the brain has received increasing attention as a measurable biomarker and potential target for intervention. However, no previous study has quantitatively and comprehensively investigated the effects of intergenerational transmission on functional and structural brain networks. Here, by employing an unusually large cohort dataset (N = 84 parent-child dyads; 45 sons, 39 daughters, 81 mothers, and 3 fathers), we show that patterns of functional and structural brain networks are preserved over a generation. We also demonstrate that several demographic factors and behavioral/physiological phenotypes have a relationship with brain similarity. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive picture of neurobiological substrates of intergenerational transmission and demonstrate the usability of our dataset for investigating the neurobiological substrates of intergenerational transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Takagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawakami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kingo Sawada
- Office for Mental Health Support, Mental Health Unit, Division for Practice Research, Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity and Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori C Tanaka
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Zhao B, Shan Y, Yang Y, Yu Z, Li T, Wang X, Luo T, Zhu Z, Sullivan P, Zhao H, Li Y, Zhu H. Transcriptome-wide association analysis of brain structures yields insights into pleiotropy with complex neuropsychiatric traits. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2878. [PMID: 34001886 PMCID: PMC8128893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural variations of the human brain are heritable and highly polygenic traits, with hundreds of associated genes identified in recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) can both prioritize these GWAS findings and also identify additional gene-trait associations. Here we perform cross-tissue TWAS analysis of 211 structural neuroimaging and discover 278 associated genes exceeding Bonferroni significance threshold of 1.04 × 10-8. The TWAS-significant genes for brain structures have been linked to a wide range of complex traits in different domains. Through TWAS gene-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) prediction, we find that TWAS PRS gains substantial power in association analysis compared to conventional variant-based GWAS PRS, and up to 6.97% of phenotypic variance (p-value = 7.56 × 10-31) can be explained in independent testing data sets. In conclusion, our study illustrates that TWAS can be a powerful supplement to traditional GWAS in imaging genetics studies for gene discovery-validation, genetic co-architecture analysis, and polygenic risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yue Shan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhaolong Yu
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tianyou Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ziliang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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19
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Harikumar A, Evans DW, Dougherty CC, Carpenter KL, Michael AM. A Review of the Default Mode Network in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Connect 2021; 11:253-263. [PMID: 33403915 PMCID: PMC8112713 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to examine the relationships between brain function and phenotypic features in neurodevelopmental disorders. Techniques such as resting-state functional connectivity (FC) have enabled the identification of the primary networks of the brain. One fMRI network, in particular, the default mode network (DMN), has been implicated in social-cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attentional deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given the significant clinical and genetic overlap between ASD and ADHD, surprisingly, no reviews have compared the clinical, developmental, and genetic correlates of DMN in ASD and ADHD and here we address this knowledge gap. We find that, compared with matched controls, ASD studies show a mixed pattern of both stronger and weaker FC in the DMN and ADHD studies mostly show stronger FC. Factors such as age, intelligence quotient, medication status, and heredity affect DMN FC in both ASD and ADHD. We also note that most DMN studies make ASD versus ADHD group comparisons and fail to consider ASD+ADHD comorbidity. We conclude, by identifying areas for improvement and by discussing the importance of using transdiagnostic approaches such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) to fully account for the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity and overlap of ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Harikumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to: Amritha Harikumar, Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6566 Main St, BRC 780B, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David W. Evans
- Department of Psychology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chase C. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly L.H. Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew M. Michael
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Pan N, Wang S, Zhao Y, Lai H, Qin K, Li J, Biswal BB, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Brain gray matter structures associated with trait impulsivity: A systematic review and voxel-based meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2214-2235. [PMID: 33599347 PMCID: PMC8046062 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait impulsivity is a multifaceted personality characteristic that contributes to maladaptive life outcomes. Although a growing body of neuroimaging studies have investigated the structural correlates of trait impulsivity, the findings remain highly inconsistent and heterogeneous. Herein, we performed a systematic review to depict an integrated delineation of gray matter (GM) substrates of trait impulsivity and a meta-analysis to examine concurrence across previous whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies. The systematic review summarized the diverse findings in GM morphometry in the past literature, and the quantitative meta-analysis revealed impulsivity-related volumetric GM alterations in prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. In addition, we identified the modulatory effects of age and gender in impulsivity-GM volume associations. The present study advances understanding of brain GM morphometry features underlying trait impulsivity. The findings may have practical implications in the clinical diagnosis of and intervention for impulsivity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Education and PsychologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Teacher EducationDali UniversityDaliChina
| | - Bharat B. Biswal
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNew JerseyUSA
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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21
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Zhang R, Tomasi D, Shokri-Kojori E, Wiers CE, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Sleep inconsistency between weekends and weekdays is associated with changes in brain function during task and rest. Sleep 2021; 43:5825065. [PMID: 32333599 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation and circadian disruptions impair brain function and cognitive performance, but few studies have examined the effect of sleep inconsistency. Here, we investigated how inconsistent sleep duration and sleep timing between weekends (WE) and weekdays (WD) correlated with changes in behavior and brain function during task and at rest in 56 (30 female) healthy human participants. METHODS WE-WD differences in sleep duration and sleep midpoint were calculated using 1-week actigraphy data. All participants underwent 3 Tesla blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activity during a visual attention task (VAT) and in resting-state condition. RESULTS We found that WE-WD inconsistency of sleep duration and sleep midpoint were uncorrelated with each other (r = .08, p = .58) and influenced behavior and brain function differently. Our healthy participants showed relatively small WE-WD differences (WE-WD: 0.59 hours). Longer WE sleep duration (relative to WD sleep duration) was associated with better attentional performance (3-ball: β = .30, t = 2.35, p = .023; 4-ball: β = .30, t = 2.21, p = .032) and greater deactivation of the default mode network (DMN) during VAT (p < .05, cluster-corrected) and greater resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between anterior DMN and occipital cortex (p < .01, cluster-corrected). In contrast, later WE sleep timing (relative to WD sleep timing) (WE-WD: 1.11 hours) was associated with worse performance (4-ball: β = -.33, t = -2.42, p = .020) and with lower occipital activation during VAT and with lower RSFC within the DMN. CONCLUSIONS Our results document the importance of consistent sleep timing for brain function in particular of the DMN and provide evidence of the benefits of WE catch-up sleep in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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22
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Sudre G, Bouyssi-Kobar M, Norman L, Sharp W, Choudhury S, Shaw P. Estimating the Heritability of Developmental Change in Neural Connectivity, and Its Association With Changing Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:443-450. [PMID: 32800380 PMCID: PMC7736233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twin studies show that age-related change in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is heritable. However, we do not know the heritability of the development of the neural substrates underlying the disorder. Here, we estimated the heritability of developmental change in white matter tracts and the brain's intrinsic functional connectivity using longitudinal data. We further determined associations with change in ADHD symptoms. METHODS The study reports on 288 children, which included 127 siblings, 19 cousins, and 142 singletons; 150 (52%) had a diagnosis of ADHD (determined by clinician interview with parent); 188 were male. All had two clinical assessments (overall baseline mean age: 9.4 ± 2.4 years; follow-up: 12.5 ± 2.6 years). Diffusion tensor imaging estimated microstructural properties of white matter tracts on 252 participants. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging estimated intrinsic connectivity within and between major brain networks on 226 participants. Total additive genetic heritability (h2) of the annual rate of change in these neural phenotypes was calculated using SOLAR (Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines). RESULTS Significant heritability was found for the rates of change of 6 white matter tract microstructural properties and for change in the connectivity between the ventral attention network and both the cognitive control and dorsal attention networks. Change in hyperactivity-impulsivity was associated with heritable change in white matter tracts metrics and change in the connectivity between the ventral attention and cognitive networks. CONCLUSIONS The relatively small number of heritable, ADHD-associated developmental neural phenotypes can serve as phenotypes for future gene discovery and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sudre
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Marine Bouyssi-Kobar
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Luke Norman
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Wendy Sharp
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saadia Choudhury
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Philip Shaw
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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23
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Barber AD, Hegarty CE, Lindquist M, Karlsgodt KH. Heritability of Functional Connectivity in Resting State: Assessment of the Dynamic Mean, Dynamic Variance, and Static Connectivity across Networks. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2834-2844. [PMID: 33429433 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts to evaluate the heritability of the brain's functional connectome have predominantly focused on static connectivity. However, evaluating connectivity changes across time can provide valuable insight about the inherent dynamic nature of brain function. Here, the heritability of Human Connectome Project resting-state fMRI data was examined to determine whether there is a genetic basis for dynamic fluctuations in functional connectivity. The dynamic connectivity variance, in addition to the dynamic mean and standard static connectivity, was evaluated. Heritability was estimated using Accelerated Permutation Inference for the ACE (APACE), which models the additive genetic (h2), common environmental (c2), and unique environmental (e2) variance. Heritability was moderate (mean h2: dynamic mean = 0.35, dynamic variance = 0.45, and static = 0.37) and tended to be greater for dynamic variance compared to either dynamic mean or static connectivity. Further, heritability of dynamic variance was reliable across both sessions for several network connections, particularly between higher-order cognitive and visual networks. For both dynamic mean and static connectivity, similar patterns of heritability were found across networks. The findings support the notion that dynamic connectivity is genetically influenced. The flexibility of network connections, not just their strength, is a heritable endophenotype that may predispose trait behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita D Barber
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, 11004, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, 11030, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | | | - Martin Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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24
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Wang R, Lin J, Sun C, Hu B, Liu X, Geng D, Li Y, Yang L. Topological reorganization of brain functional networks in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102480. [PMID: 33395972 PMCID: PMC7645289 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MELAS patients showed topological reorganization of brain functional network. Network abnormalities in MELAS patients may be affected by stroke-like lesions. Graph theory based on rs-fMRI may be used for monitoring the status of MELAS.
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) is a rare maternally inherited genetic disease; however, little is known about its underlying brain basis. Furthermore, the topological organization of brain functional network in MELAS has not been explored. Here, 45 patients with MELAS (22 at acute stage, 23 at chronic stage) and 22 normal controls were studied using resting- state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory analysis approaches. Topological properties of brain functional networks including global and nodal metrics, rich club organization and modularity were analyzed. At the global level, MELAS patients exhibited reduced clustering coefficient, normalized clustering coefficient, normalized characteristic path length and local network efficiency compared with the controls. At the nodal level, several nodes with abnormal degree centrality and nodal efficiency were detected in MELAS patients, and the distribution of these nodes was partly consistent with the stroke-like lesions. For rich club organization, rich club nodes were reorganized and the connections among them were decreased in MELAS patients. Modularity analysis revealed that MELAS patents had altered intra- or inter-modular connections in default mode network, fronto-parietal network, sensorimotor network, occipital network and cerebellum network. Notably, the patients at acute stage showed more obvious changes in these topological properties than the patients at chronic stage. These findings indicated that MELAS patients, particularly those at acute stage, exhibited topological reorganization of the whole-brain functional network. This study may help us to understand the neuropathological mechanisms of MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Radiology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Department of Radiology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daoying Geng
- Department of Radiology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Radiology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Liqin Yang
- Department of Radiology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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25
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Sudre G, Frederick J, Sharp W, Ishii-Takahashi A, Mangalmurti A, Choudhury S, Shaw P. Mapping associations between polygenic risks for childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognition, and the brain. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2482-2492. [PMID: 30700802 PMCID: PMC6667324 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There are now large-scale data on which common genetic variants confer risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we use mediation analyses to explore how cognitive and neural features might explain the association between common variant (polygenic) risk for ADHD and its core symptoms. In total, 544 participants participated (mean 21 years, 212 (39%) with ADHD), most with cognitive assessments, neuroanatomic imaging, and imaging of white matter tract microstructure. We found that polygenic risk for ADHD was associated with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity but not inattention. This association was mediated across multiple PRS thresholds by white matter microstructure, specifically by axial diffusivity of the right corona radiata, (maximum indirect effect β = -0.034 (CI: -0.065 to -0.01), by thickness of the left dorsomedial prefrontal (β = -0.029; CI: -0.061 to -0.0047) and area of the right lateral temporal cortex (β = 0.024; CI: 0.0034-0.054). In addition, modest serial mediation was found, mapping a pathway from polygenic risk, to white matter microstructure of the anterior corona radiata, then cognition (working memory, focused attention), and finally to hyperactivity-impulsivity (working memory β = -0.014 (CI: -0.038 to -0.0026); focused attention β = -0.011 (CI: -0.033 to -0.0017). These mediation pathways were diagnostically specific and were not found for polygenic risk for ASD or schizophrenia. In conclusion, using a deeply phenotyped cohort, we delineate a pathway from polygenic risk for ADHD to hyperactive-impulsive symptoms through white matter microstructure, cortical anatomy, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sudre
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Frederick
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wendy Sharp
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayaka Ishii-Takahashi
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aman Mangalmurti
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Saadia Choudhury
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Philip Shaw
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, NHGRI/NIH, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Drechsler R, Brem S, Brandeis D, Grünblatt E, Berger G, Walitza S. ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents. Neuropediatrics 2020; 51:315-335. [PMID: 32559806 PMCID: PMC7508636 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of over 5%. Nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) continue to define ADHD according to behavioral criteria, based on observation and on informant reports. Despite an overwhelming body of research on ADHD over the last 10 to 20 years, valid neurobiological markers or other objective criteria that may lead to unequivocal diagnostic classification are still lacking. On the contrary, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are still challenging for clinicians, necessitating increased reliance on their expertise and experience. The first part of this review presents an overview of the current definitions of the disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10/11). Furthermore, it discusses more controversial aspects of the construct of ADHD, including the dimensional versus categorical approach, alternative ADHD constructs, and aspects pertaining to epidemiology and prevalence. The second part focuses on comorbidities, on the difficulty of distinguishing between "primary" and "secondary" ADHD for purposes of differential diagnosis, and on clinical diagnostic procedures. In the third and most prominent part, an overview of current neurobiological concepts of ADHD is given, including neuropsychological and neurophysiological researches and summaries of current neuroimaging and genetic studies. Finally, treatment options are reviewed, including a discussion of multimodal, pharmacological, and nonpharmacological interventions and their evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Drechsler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Chiang HL, Hsu YC, Shang CY, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. White matter endophenotype candidates for ADHD: a diffusion imaging tractography study with sibling design. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1203-1213. [PMID: 31115278 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain structural alterations are frequently observed in probands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here we examined the microstructural integrity of 76 white matter tracts among unaffected siblings of patients with ADHD to evaluate the potential familial risk and its association with clinical and neuropsychological manifestations. METHODS The comparison groups included medication-naïve ADHD probands (n = 50), their unaffected siblings (n = 50) and typically developing controls (n = 50, age-and-sex matched with ADHD probands). Whole brain tractography was reconstructed automatically by tract-based analysis of diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). Microstructural properties of white matter tracts were represented by the values of generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). RESULTS Compared to the control group, ADHD probands showed higher AD values in the perpendicular fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus I, corticospinal tract, and corpus callosum. The AD values of unaffected siblings were in the intermediate position between those of the ADHD and control groups. These AD values were significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, sustained attention and working memory, for all white matter tracks evaluated except for the perpendicular fasciculus. Higher FA and lower RD values in the right frontostriatal tract connecting ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (FS-VLPFC) were associated with better performance in spatial span only in the unaffected sibling group. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal AD values of specific white matter tracts among unaffected siblings of ADHD probands suggest the presence of familial risk in this population. The right FS-VLPFC may have a role in preventing the expression of the ADHD-related behavioral phenotype. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NUMBER NCT01682915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- AcroViz Technology Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Hermosillo RJM, Mooney MA, Fezcko E, Earl E, Marr M, Sturgeon D, Perrone A, Dominguez OM, Faraone SV, Wilmot B, Nigg JT, Fair DA. Polygenic Risk Score-Derived Subcortical Connectivity Mediates Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:330-341. [PMID: 32033925 PMCID: PMC7147985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has substantial heritability, and a recent large-scale investigation has identified common genome-wide significant loci associated with increased risk for ADHD. Along the same lines, many studies using noninvasive neuroimaging have identified differences in brain functional connectivity in children with ADHD. We attempted to bridge these studies to identify differences in functional connectivity associated with common genetic risk for ADHD using polygenic risk score (PRS). METHODS We computed ADHD PRSs for all participants in our sample (N = 315, children 7-13 years of age, 196 with ADHD and 119 unaffected comparison children) using ADHD data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium as a discovery set. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate resting-state functional connectivity of targeted subcortical structures. RESULTS The functional connectivity between 2 region pairs demonstrated a significant correlation to PRS: right caudate-parietal cortex and nucleus accumbens-occipital cortex. Connectivity between these areas, in addition to being correlated with PRS, was correlated with ADHD status. The connection between the caudate and the parietal region acted as a statistical suppressor, such that when it was included in a path model, the association between PRS and ADHD status was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that functional connectivity to certain subcortical brain regions is directly altered by genetic variants, and certain cortico-subcortical connections may modulate ADHD-related genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J M Hermosillo
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Eric Fezcko
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Eric Earl
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mollie Marr
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Darrick Sturgeon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anders Perrone
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Division of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Psychology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Psychiatry, and Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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29
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Genetic and environmental influences on functional connectivity within and between canonical cortical resting-state networks throughout adolescent development in boys and girls. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116073. [PMID: 31386921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is active during rest and hierarchically organized into intrinsic functional networks. These functional networks are largely established early in development, with reports of a shift from a local to more distributed organization during childhood and adolescence. It remains unknown to what extent genetic and environmental influences on functional connectivity change throughout adolescent development. We measured functional connectivity within and between eight cortical networks in a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study of adolescent twins and their older siblings on two occasions (mean ages 13 and 18 years). We modelled the reliability for these inherently noisy and head-motion sensitive measurements by analyzing data from split-half sessions. Functional connectivity between resting-state networks decreased with age whereas functional connectivity within resting-state networks generally increased with age, independent of general cognitive functioning. Sex effects were sparse, with stronger functional connectivity in the default mode network for girls compared to boys, and stronger functional connectivity in the salience network for boys compared to girls. Heritability explained up to 53% of the variation in functional connectivity within and between resting-state networks, and common environment explained up to 33%. Genetic influences on functional connectivity remained stable during adolescent development. In conclusion, longitudinal age-related changes in functional connectivity within and between cortical resting-state networks are subtle but wide-spread throughout adolescence. Genes play a considerable role in explaining individual variation in functional connectivity with mostly stable influences throughout adolescence.
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30
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Muster R, Choudhury S, Sharp W, Kasparek S, Sudre G, Shaw P. Mapping the neuroanatomic substrates of cognition in familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med 2019; 49:590-597. [PMID: 29792238 PMCID: PMC6252155 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the neuroanatomic substrates of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been investigated, less is known about the neuroanatomic correlates of cognitive abilities pertinent to the disorder, particularly in adults. Here we define the neuroanatomic correlates of key cognitive abilities and determine if there are associations with histories of psychostimulant medication. METHODS We acquired neuroanatomic magnetic resonance imaging data from 264 members of 60 families (mean age 29.5; s.d. 18.4, 116 with ADHD). Using linear mixed model regression, we tested for associations between cognitive abilities (working memory, information processing, intelligence, and attention), symptoms and both cortical and subcortical volumes. RESULTS Symptom severity was associated with spatial working memory (t = -3.77, p = 0.0002), processing speed (t = -2.95, p = 0.004) and a measure of impulsive responding (t = 2.19, p = 0.03); these associations did not vary with age (all p > 0.1). Neuroanatomic associations of cognition varied by task but centered on prefrontal, lateral parietal and temporal cortical regions, the thalamus and putamen. The neuroanatomic correlates of ADHD symptoms overlapped significantly with those of working memory (Dice's overlap coefficient: spatial, p = 0.003; verbal, p = 0.001) and information processing (p = 0.02). Psychostimulant medication history was associated with neither cognitive skills nor with a brain-cognition relationships. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic differences in the cognitive profile of ADHD does not vary significantly with age; nor were cognitive differences associated with psychostimulant medication history. The neuroanatomic substrates of working memory and information overlapped with those for symptoms within these extended families, consistent with a pathophysiological role for these cognitive skills in familial ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip Shaw
- Corresponding author, Philip Shaw, Bldg 31, B1B37, Bethesda 20892, , T: (301) 451-4010, F: (301) 480-3108
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Koehly LM, Persky S, Spotts E, Acca G. Social and behavioral science priorities for genomic translation. Transl Behav Med 2018; 8:137-143. [PMID: 29385587 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary highlights the essential role of the social and behavioral sciences for genomic translation, and discusses some priority research areas in this regard. The first area encompasses genetics of behavioral, social, and neurocognitive factors, and how integration of these relationships might impact the development of treatments and interventions. The second area includes the contributions that social and behavioral sciences make toward the informed translation of genomic developments. Further, there is a need for behavioral and social sciences to inform biomedical research for effective implementation. The third area speaks to the need for increased outreach and education efforts to improve the public's genomic literacy such that individuals and communities can make informed health-related and societal (e.g., in legal or consumer settings) decisions. Finally, there is a need to prioritize representation of diverse communities in genomics research and equity of access to genomic technologies. Examples from National Institutes of Health-based intramural and extramural research programs and initiatives are used to discuss these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Koehly
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erica Spotts
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gillian Acca
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Clavenna A, Bonati M. Pediatric pharmacoepidemiology - safety and effectiveness of medicines for ADHD. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 16:1335-1345. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1389894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Clavenna
- Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bonati
- Laboratory for Mother and Child Health, Department of Public Health, IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy
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