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McBain RK, Schuler MS, Rukundo T, Wanyenze RK, Wagner GJ. Trajectories of perinatal depression among women living with HIV in Uganda. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04147. [PMID: 39301593 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal depression affects one-third of pregnant women living with HIV (WLH). We examined patterns of treatment response to a novel stepped model of depression care among WLH with perinatal depression in Uganda. Methods As part of the Maternal Depression Treatment in HIV (M-DEPTH) cluster randomised controlled trial, 191 women were enrolled across four antenatal care clinics assigned to provide stepped care including behavioural and antidepressant therapy (ADT), and another 200 across four clinics assigned to provide usual care. They were assessed for depression severity using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at enrolment and multiple times over 12 months of follow-up. We used repeated measures latent class analysis (LCA) to identify discrete trajectories of depression symptoms, while multinomial regression analyses measured correlates of class membership. Results The LCA identified three trajectories among those in the treatment group: mildly depressed individuals who improved (MiD-I) (n = 143, 75%), moderately depressed individuals who improved (MoD-I) (n = 33, 17%), and moderately depressed individuals who remained depressed (MoD-R) (n = 15, 8%). Membership in MiD-I was associated with lower levels of intimate partner violence at baseline (P = 0.04) and month 6 (P < 0.001), and less recent trauma exposure (P = 0.03) at baseline. At month 6, social support was lowest in MoD-R, while the degree of negative problem-solving orientation was highest (both P < 0.001) in this class. The LCA also identified three trajectories among those in the usual care comparison group: mildly depressed (MiD) (n = 62, 31%), moderately depressed (MoD) (n = 71, 35%), and seriously depressed (SiD) (n = 67, 34%), with each experiencing slight improvement. Recent traumas at baseline were highest in SiD (P < 0.001); this group also reported the lowest positive problem-solving orientation and highest negative problem-solving orientation (P < 0.001) at baseline. Conclusions Depression symptom trajectories among women with perinatal depression are related to modifiable factors such as problem-solving orientation and interpersonal dynamics, with the latter including intimate partner violence and social support. Most treatment recipients were characterised by trajectories indicating recovery from depression. Registration ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT03892915).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K McBain
- RAND Corporation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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2
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Jao NC, Tan MM, Albanese A, Lee J, Stroud LR. Perceptions of family functioning impact smoking during pregnancy. J Addict Dis 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38619008 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2024.2327732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although socio-environmental factors are known to contribute to the maintenance of smoking behavior, few studies have examined the impact of family functioning on smoking during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE The current study examined the relationship between perceptions of family functioning and smoking during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women (N = 345, 59% ethnic/racial minority) completed the Family Assessment Device, a gold-standard assessment examining perceptions of family functioning in seven domains. Multinomial logistic regressions analyzed associations between clinically determined suboptimal levels of family functioning by domain and smoking status during pregnancy (smoking, ≥28 continuous days quit, nonsmoking), with stratified analyses exploring ethnic/racial differences (non-Hispanic/White vs. racial/ethnic minority). RESULTS Participants who reported suboptimal levels of family functioning in domains of Affective Involvement, Affective Responsiveness, Behavioral Control, and Roles were significantly more likely to have been smoking than nonsmoking during pregnancy. Stratified analyses revealed differing effects by ethnic/racial identity, with perceptions of Roles remaining the only significant effect on smoking outcomes for both groups. No significant effects were found regarding the impact of family functioning on whether participants were smoking vs. quit during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal family functioning may contribute to smoking during pregnancy, but effects may differ based on domain of family functioning and by ethnic/racial identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Professions, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marcia M Tan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariana Albanese
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jacinda Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Professions, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, RI, USA
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3
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Tong J, Zhang T, Wang Q, Zhao X, Sun X, Hu M. Family Dynamics and Functioning of Adolescents from Two-Child and One-Child Families in China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3413-3425. [PMID: 37664140 PMCID: PMC10473416 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s417251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To promote the balanced development with the population, China has phased out a one-child policy in 2016, and a two-child policy was launched, which has led to dramatic changes in family structure. The transition could be a huge challenge for adolescents who are in a period of psychological vulnerability. Purpose This study explored the differences and predictors of family dynamics and functioning between two-child and one-child families in the context of China's two-child policy. Methods We used the Self-rating scale of Systemic Family Dynamics (SSFD) and Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF) to investigate the family dynamics, family functioning, and family structure and status of 3289 adolescents under the background of China's two-child policy. Results Results revealed that the mean scores for family atmosphere, personalization, disease concept, overall family dynamics, and family functioning health rate of the one-child families were higher than those of the two-child families. Parental marital status, mother's education, annual household income, and family economic satisfaction in two-child and one-child families was positively correlated with family dynamics and functioning, but not significantly associated with living style, parental age and employment. Family financial satisfaction, parental marital status, and distress in the family were predictors of family dynamics and functioning, and parental preference was also an important factor in two-child families. Conclusion The findings suggest family atmosphere, personality, disease concept, family dynamics, and family functioning of the one-child families were better than those of the two-child families. Unlike one-child families, parental preference is an important predictor of family dynamics and functioning in two child families. This study increases our understanding of adolescents psychological problems during family structure transitions under the background of fertility policy, providing psychologists with more evidence-based evidence and intervention directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tong
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xirong Sun
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manji Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Delaney SW, Xerxa Y, Muetzel RL, White T, Haneuse S, Ressler KJ, Tiemeier H, Kubzansky LD. Long-term associations between early-life family functioning and preadolescent white matter microstructure. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4528-4538. [PMID: 35611817 PMCID: PMC10388303 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Causes of childhood behavior problems remain poorly understood. Enriched family environments and corresponding brain development may reduce the risk of their onset, but research investigating white matter neurodevelopmental pathways explaining associations between the family environment and behavior remains limited. We hypothesized that more positive prenatal and mid-childhood family functioning - a measure of a family's problem solving and supportive capacity - would be associated with two markers of preadolescent white matter neurodevelopment related to reduced behavior problems: higher global fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower global mean diffusivity (MD). METHODS Data are from 2727 families in the Generation R Study, the Netherlands. Mothers reported family functioning (McMaster Family Assessment Device, range 1-4, higher scores indicate healthier functioning) prenatally and in mid-childhood (mean age 6.1 years). In preadolescence (mean age 10.1), the study collected diffusion-weighted scans. We computed standardized global MD and FA values by averaging metrics from 27 white matter tracts, and we fit linear models adjusting for possible confounders to examine global and tract-specific outcomes. RESULTS Prenatal and mid-childhood family functioning scores were moderately correlated, r = 0.38. However, only prenatal family functioning - and not mid-childhood functioning - was associated with higher global FA and lower global MD in preadolescence in fully adjusted models: βglobal FA = 0.11 (95% CI 0.00, 0.21) and βglobal MD = -0.15 (95% CI -0.28, -0.03) per one-unit increase in functioning score. Sensitivity and tract-specific analyses supported these global findings. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest high-functioning prenatal or perinatal family environments may confer lasting white matter neurodevelopmental benefits into preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. Delaney
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yllza Xerxa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Haneuse
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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Adebiyi E, Pietri-Toro J, Awujoola A, Gwynn L. Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Heart Conditions in Children: Insight from the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:486. [PMID: 36980044 PMCID: PMC10047196 DOI: 10.3390/children10030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality in adults. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the associations between ACEs and heart diseases among children in the United States. METHODS Data on children ages 0 to 17 years reported by parents/guardians to have current heart conditions were analyzed. Using Stata version 17 software, descriptive statistics were generated for the demographic characteristics and the various health outcomes using the chi-square of independence. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to determine the associations between ACEs and heart conditions, the severity of heart conditions, and overall health status. RESULTS There were 826 children with current heart conditions from a total of 68,753 surveyed children. This corresponded to an estimated 780,000 (1.13%) children living with heart conditions in the U.S. On multivariate logistic models, several ACEs, including household economic hardship, parental/guardian's alcohol/drug abuse, severe mental health illness of parents/guardians, racial/ethnic discrimination, exposure to neighborhood violence, and accumulation of two or more ACEs, were significantly associated with heart diseases among children. Though the accumulation of two or more ACEs did not have a significant association with the severity of heart condition, it was significantly associated with caregiver reports of undesirable overall health status. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are significantly associated with heart conditions among children and contribute to unfavorable overall health status among children with heart conditions in the U.S. There is a need for policies and programs that will promptly identify ACEs and mitigate their negative impact on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Adebiyi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jariselle Pietri-Toro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Adeola Awujoola
- Department of Pediatrics, BronxCare Health System, New York, NY 10457, USA
| | - Lisa Gwynn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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6
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Qin X, Zhang W, Xu S, Ma M, Fan X, Nie X, Liu J, Ju Y, Zhang L, Li L, Li H, Liu B, Zhang Y. Characteristics and related factors of family functioning in Chinese families during early pregnancy. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1102796. [PMID: 36874800 PMCID: PMC9975155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Family functioning has been found to significantly impact each family member's health mentally, physically, and socially. A number of the research has focused on the impact of impaired family functioning in general, but limited studies explore family functioning in the vulnerable period, early pregnancy. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the characteristics and related factors in Chinese females and partners during early pregnancy. Methods The cross-sectional study enrolled 226 pregnant women and 166 partners. Assessment tools included the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item, Social Support Rating Scale, and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, Short Form. Correlation analysis was applied to investigate the related factors. Results In the present study, FAD-Behavior Control (BC) was the only dysfunctional dimension and had the highest dysfunctional rates than other dimensions. Length of time living with a partner, depressive and anxious symptoms, and quality of life were all associated with the dysfunctional family functioning of BC. Conclusions The study reinforced the important clues of family functioning during early pregnancy. Also, it provided new entry points for the general population and healthcare providers to minimize the negative impact that impaired family function might bring to a family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Weiling Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Mohan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqing Nie
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - HaoLun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China
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Wang S, Cui J, Jiang S, Zheng C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q. Early life gut microbiota: Consequences for health and opportunities for prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5793-5817. [PMID: 36537331 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences many aspects of the host, including immune system maturation, nutrient absorption and metabolism, and protection from pathogens. Increasing evidences from cohort and animal studies indicate that changes in the gut microbiota early in life increases the risk of developing specific diseases early and later in life. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to identify specific disease prevention or therapeutic solutions targeting the gut microbiota, especially during infancy, which is the window of the human gut microbiota establishment process. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the relationship between disturbances in the gut microbiota early in life and health consequences later in life (e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis, celiac disease, asthma, allergies, autism spectrum disorders, overweight/obesity, diabetes and growth retardation), with a focus on changes in the gut microbiota prior to disease onset. In addition, we summarize and discuss potential microbiota-based interventions early in life (e.g., diet adjustments, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, environmental changes) to promote health or prevent the development of specific diseases. This knowledge should aid the understanding of early life microbiology and inform the development of prediction and prevention measures for short- and long-term health disorders based on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Chengdong Zheng
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Bolhuis K, Mulder RH, de Mol CL, Defina S, Warrier V, White T, Tiemeier H, Muetzel RL, Cecil CAM. Mapping gene by early life stress interactions on child subcortical brain structures: A genome-wide prospective study. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:jcv2.12113. [PMID: 36777645 PMCID: PMC7614163 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it is well-established that both genetics and the environment influence brain development, they are typically examined separately. Here, we aimed to prospectively investigate the interactive effects of genetic variants-from a genome-wide approach-and early life stress (ELS) on child subcortical brain structures, and their association with subsequent mental health problems. Method Primary analyses were conducted using data from the Generation R Study (N = 2257), including genotype and cumulative prenatal and postnatal ELS scores (encompassing life events, contextual risk, parental risk, interpersonal risk, direct victimisation). Neuroimaging data were collected at age 10 years, including intracranial and subcortical brain volumes (accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus). Genome-wide association and genome-wide-by-environment interaction analyses (GWEIS, run separately for prenatal/postnatal ELS) were conducted for eight brain outcomes (i.e., 24 genome-wide analyses) in the Generation R Study (discovery). Polygenic scores (PGS) using the resulting weights were calculated in an independent (target) cohort (adolescent brain cognitive development Study; N = 10,751), to validate associations with corresponding subcortical volumes and examine links to later mother-reported internalising and externalising problems. Results One GWEIS-prenatal stress locus was associated with caudate volume (rs139505895, mapping onto PRSS12 and NDST3) and two GWEIS-postnatal stress loci with the accumbens (rs2397823 and rs3130008, mapping onto CUTA, SYNGAP1, and TABP). Functional annotation revealed that these genes play a role in neuronal plasticity and synaptic function, and have been implicated in neuro-developmental phenotypes, for example, intellectual disability, autism, and schizophrenia. None of these associations survived a more stringent correction for multiple testing across all analysis sets. In the validation sample, all PGSgenotype were associated with their respective brain volumes, but no PGSGxE associated with any subcortical volume. None of the PGS associated with internalising or externalising problems. Conclusions This study lends novel suggestive insights into gene-environment interplay on the developing brain as well as pointing to promising candidate loci for future replication and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bolhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rosa H. Mulder
- Department of PediatricsErasmus MC‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Casper Louk de Mol
- Department of NeurologyMS Center ErasMSErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Serena Defina
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A. M. Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus MC‐SophiaRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Molecular EpidemiologyDepartment of Biomedical Data SciencesLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Hallucinations and Brain Morphology Across Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:781-790. [PMID: 35871096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders have been widely associated with structural brain abnormalities. However, it is unclear whether brain structure predicts psychotic experiences in youth from the general population, owing to an overall paucity of studies and predominantly cross-sectional designs. Here, the authors investigated longitudinal associations between brain morphology and hallucinations from childhood to early adolescence. METHODS This study was embedded in the population-based Generation R Study. Children underwent structural neuroimaging at age 10 years (N = 2042); a subsample received a second scan at age 14 years (n = 964). Hallucinations were assessed at ages 10 and 14 years and studied as a binary variable. Cross-lagged panel models and generalized linear mixed-effects models were fitted to examine longitudinal associations between brain morphology and hallucinations. RESULTS Smaller total gray and white matter volumes and total cortical surface area at baseline were associated with a higher occurrence of hallucinations between ages 10 and 14 years. The regions associated with hallucinations were widespread, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as the insula and cingulate cortex. Analyses of subcortical structures revealed that smaller baseline hippocampal volumes were longitudinally associated with hallucinations, although this association was no longer significant following adjustment for intracranial volume. No evidence for reverse temporality was observed (i.e., hallucinations predicting brain differences). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this longitudinal study suggest that global structural brain differences are associated with the development of hallucinations. These results extend findings from clinical populations and provide evidence for a neurodevelopmental vulnerability across the psychosis continuum.
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Cortes Hidalgo AP, Thijssen S, Delaney SW, Vernooij MW, Jansen PW, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH, White T, Tiemeier H. Harsh Parenting and Child Brain Morphology: A Population-Based Study. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:163-173. [PMID: 33455410 DOI: 10.1177/1077559520986856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that maltreatment shapes the child's brain. Little is known, however, about how normal variation in parenting influences the child neurodevelopment. We examined whether harsh parenting is associated with the brain morphology in 2,410 children from a population-based cohort. Mothers and fathers independently reported harsh parenting at child age 3 years. Structural and diffusion-weighted brain morphological measures were acquired with MRI scans at age 10 years. We explored whether associations between parenting and brain morphology were explained by co-occurring adversities, and whether there was a joint effect of both parents' harsh parenting. Maternal harsh parenting was associated with smaller total gray (β = -0.05 (95%CI = -0.08; -0.01)), cerebral white matter and amygdala volumes (β = -0.04 (95%CI = -0.07; 0)). These associations were also observed with the combined harsh parenting measure and were robust to the adjustment for multiple confounding factors. Similar associations, although non-significant, were found between paternal parenting and these brain outcomes. Maternal and paternal harsh parenting were not associated with the hippocampus or the white matter microstructural metrics. We found a long-term association between harsh parenting and the global brain and amygdala volumes in preadolescents, suggesting that adverse rearing environments common in the general population are related to child brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Cortes Hidalgo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Thijssen
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott W Delaney
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1857Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 6993Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1857Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Triplett RL, Lean RE, Parikh A, Miller JP, Alexopoulos D, Kaplan S, Meyer D, Adamson C, Smyser TA, Rogers CE, Barch DM, Warner B, Luby JL, Smyser CD. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Early-Life Adversity With Neonatal Brain Volumes at Birth. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e227045. [PMID: 35412624 PMCID: PMC9006107 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Exposure to early-life adversity alters the structural development of key brain regions underlying neurodevelopmental impairments. The association between prenatal exposure to adversity and brain structure at birth remains poorly understood. Objective To examine whether prenatal exposure to maternal social disadvantage and psychosocial stress is associated with neonatal global and regional brain volumes and cortical folding. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, longitudinal cohort study included 399 mother-infant dyads of sociodemographically diverse mothers recruited in the first or early second trimester of pregnancy and their infants, who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging in the first weeks of life. Mothers were recruited from local obstetric clinics in St Louis, Missouri from September 1, 2017, to February 28, 2020. Exposures Maternal social disadvantage and psychosocial stress in pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures Confirmatory factor analyses were used to create latent constructs of maternal social disadvantage (income-to-needs ratio, Area Deprivation Index, Healthy Eating Index, educational level, and insurance status) and psychosocial stress (Perceived Stress Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Everyday Discrimination Scale, and Stress and Adversity Inventory). Neonatal cortical and subcortical gray matter, white matter, cerebellum, hippocampus, and amygdala volumes were generated using semiautomated, age-specific, segmentation pipelines. Results A total of 280 mothers (mean [SD] age, 29.1 [5.3] years; 170 [60.7%] Black or African American, 100 [35.7%] White, and 10 [3.6%] other race or ethnicity) and their healthy, term-born infants (149 [53.2%] male; mean [SD] infant gestational age, 38.6 [1.0] weeks) were included in the analysis. After covariate adjustment and multiple comparisons correction, greater social disadvantage was associated with reduced cortical gray matter (unstandardized β = -2.0; 95% CI, -3.5 to -0.5; P = .01), subcortical gray matter (unstandardized β = -0.4; 95% CI, -0.7 to -0.2; P = .003), and white matter (unstandardized β = -5.5; 95% CI, -7.8 to -3.3; P < .001) volumes and cortical folding (unstandardized β = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.01; P < .001). Psychosocial stress showed no association with brain metrics. Although social disadvantage accounted for an additional 2.3% of the variance of the left hippocampus (unstandardized β = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01), 2.3% of the right hippocampus (unstandardized β = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.01), 3.1% of the left amygdala (unstandardized β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01), and 2.9% of the right amygdala (unstandardized β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01), no regional effects were found after accounting for total brain volume. Conclusions and Relevance In this baseline assessment of an ongoing cohort study, prenatal social disadvantage was associated with global reductions in brain volumes and cortical folding at birth. No regional specificity for the hippocampus or amygdala was detected. Results highlight that associations between poverty and brain development begin in utero and are evident early in life. These findings emphasize that preventive interventions that support fetal brain development should address parental socioeconomic hardships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina L. Triplett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel E. Lean
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Amisha Parikh
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - J. Philip Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Sydney Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Dominique Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher Adamson
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tara A. Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia E. Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Barbara Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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12
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Tomasi D, Volkow ND. Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6619-6629. [PMID: 33990770 PMCID: PMC8590701 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Poverty, as assessed by several socioeconomic (SES) factors, has been linked to worse cognitive performance and reduced cortical brain volumes in children. However, the relative contributions of the various SES factors on brain development and the mediating effects between cognition and brain morphometry have not been investigated. Here we used cross-sectional data from the ABCD Study to evaluate associations among various SES and demographic factors, brain morphometrics, and cognition and their reproducibility in two independent subsamples of 3892 children. Among the SES factors, family income (FI) best explained individual differences in cognitive test scores (stronger for crystallized than for fluid cognition), cortical volume (CV), and thickness (CT). Other SES factors that showed significant associations with cognition and brain morphometrics included parental education and neighborhood deprivation, but when controlling for FI, their effect sizes were negligible and their regional brain patterns were not reproducible. Mediation analyses showed that cognitive scores, which we used as surrogate markers of the children's level of cognitive stimulation, partially mediated the association of FI and CT, whereas the mediations of brain morphometrics on the association of FI and cognition were not significant. These results suggest that lack of supportive/educational stimulation in children from low-income families might drive the reduced CV and CT. Thus, strategies to enhance parental supportive stimulation and the quality of education for children in low-income families could help counteract the negative effects of poverty on children's brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Thompson RC, Montena AL, Liu K, Watson J, Warren SL. Associations of Family Distress, Family Income, and Acculturation on Pediatric Cognitive Performance Using the NIH Toolbox: Implications for Clinical and Research Settings. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:798-813. [PMID: 34664626 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a growing recognition that the use of conventional norms (e.g., age, sex, years of education, race) as proxies to capture a broad range of sociocultural variability on cognitive performance is suboptimal, limiting sample representativeness. The present study evaluated the incremental utility of family income, family conflict, and acculturation beyond the established associations of age, gender,maternal years of education, and race on cognitive performance. METHOD Hierarchical linear regressions evaluated the incremental utility of sociocultural factors on National Institutes of Health Toolbox in a nationally representative sample of pre-adolescent children (n = 11,878; Mage = 10.0 years; Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study). A regression-based norming procedure was implemented for significant models. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare original and newly created demographically corrected T-scores. RESULTS Nearly all regression models predicted performance on the NIH-TB subtests and composite scores (p < .005). Greater family income and lower family conflict predicted better performance, although the effect sizes were small by traditional standards. Acculturation scores did not explain additional variance in cognitive performance. Lastly, there were no significant differences between the original and newly created demographically corrected T-scores (Mdiff < 0.50). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights that, although family income, family conflict, and acculturation have been shown to routinely influence cognitive performance in preadolescent children, the NIH-TB appears to be highly robust to individual differences in sociocultural factors in children between ages 9 and 10. Contextual and temporal implications of the present results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Liu
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Watson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stacie L Warren
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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14
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Vergunst F, Berry HL. Climate Change and Children’s Mental Health: A Developmental Perspective. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 10:767-785. [PMID: 35846172 PMCID: PMC9280699 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a major global public-health challenge that will have wide-ranging impacts on human psychological health and well-being. Children and adolescents are at particular risk because of their rapidly developing brain, vulnerability to disease, and limited capacity to avoid or adapt to threats and impacts. They are also more likely to worry about climate change than any other age group. Drawing on a developmental life-course perspective, we show that climate-change-related threats can additively, interactively, and cumulatively increase psychopathology risk from conception onward; that these effects are already occurring; and that they constitute an important threat to healthy human development worldwide. We then argue that monitoring, measuring, and mitigating these risks is a matter of social justice and a crucial long-term investment in developmental and mental health sciences. We conclude with a discussion of conceptual and measurement challenges and outline research priorities going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vergunst
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal
- Ste-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Helen L. Berry
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University
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