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Javaheri S, Randerath WJ, Safwan Badr M, Javaheri S. Medication-induced central sleep apnea: a unifying concept. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae038. [PMID: 38334297 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Medication-induced central sleep apnea (CSA) is one of the eight categories of causes of CSA but in the absence of awareness and careful history may be misclassified as primary CSA. While opioids are a well-known cause of respiratory depression and CSA, non-opioid medications including sodium oxybate, baclofen, valproic acid, gabapentin, and ticagrelor are less well-recognized. Opioids-induced respiratory depression and CSA are mediated primarily by µ-opioid receptors, which are abundant in the pontomedullary centers involved in breathing. The non-opioid medications, sodium oxybate, baclofen, valproic acid, and gabapentin, act upon brainstem gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, which co-colonize with µ-opioid receptors and mediate CSA. The pattern of ataxic breathing associated with these medications is like that induced by opioids on polysomnogram. Finally, ticagrelor also causes periodic breathing and CSA by increasing central chemosensitivity and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Given the potential consequences of CSA and the association between some of these medications with mortality, it is critical to recognize these adverse drug reactions, particularly because discontinuation of the offending agents has been shown to eliminate CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Javaheri
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Bethesda North Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Winfried J Randerath
- Professor and Head Physician, Institute of Pneumology, University of Cologne, Bethanien Hospital, Solingen, Germany
| | - M Safwan Badr
- Professor and Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Staff Physician, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, MI, USA
| | - Sogol Javaheri
- Assistant Professor of Sleep Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Sato N, Takahashi Y, Sugimura YK, Kato F. Presynaptic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission from the calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing parabrachial neurons to the central amygdala in mice - unexpected influence of systemic inflammation thereon. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:264-273. [PMID: 38485344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The monosynaptic connection from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) to the central amygdala (CeA) serves as a fundamental pathway for transmitting nociceptive signals to the brain. The LPB receives nociceptive information from the dorsal horn and spinal trigeminal nucleus and sends it to the "nociceptive" CeA, which modulates pain-associated emotions and nociceptive sensitivity. To elucidate the role of densely expressed mu-opioid receptors (MORs) within this pathway, we investigated the effects of exogenously applied opioids on LPB-CeA synaptic transmission, employing optogenetics in mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in LPB neurons with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). A MOR agonist ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Glycinol5]-enkephalin, DAMGO) significantly reduced the amplitude of light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (leEPSCs), in a manner negatively correlated with an increase in the paired-pulse ratio. An antagonist of MORs significantly attenuated these effects. Notably, this antagonist significantly increased leEPSC amplitude when applied alone, an effect further amplified in mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide injection 2 h before brain isolation, yet not observed at the 24-h mark. We conclude that opioids could shut off the ascending nociceptive signal at the LPB-CeA synapse through presynaptic mechanisms. Moreover, this gating process might be modulated by endogenous opioids, and the innate immune system influences this modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sato
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yae K Sugimura
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; Center for Neuroscience of Pain, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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3
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Amo R, Uchida N, Watabe-Uchida M. Glutamate inputs send prediction error of reward, but not negative value of aversive stimuli, to dopamine neurons. Neuron 2024; 112:1001-1019.e6. [PMID: 38278147 PMCID: PMC10957320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons are thought to signal reward prediction errors (RPEs), but the mechanisms underlying RPE computation, particularly the contributions of different neurotransmitters, remain poorly understood. Here, we used a genetically encoded glutamate sensor to examine the pattern of glutamate inputs to dopamine neurons in mice. We found that glutamate inputs exhibit virtually all of the characteristics of RPE rather than conveying a specific component of RPE computation, such as reward or expectation. Notably, whereas glutamate inputs were transiently inhibited by reward omission, they were excited by aversive stimuli. Opioid analgesics altered dopamine negative responses to aversive stimuli into more positive responses, whereas excitatory responses of glutamate inputs remained unchanged. Our findings uncover previously unknown synaptic mechanisms underlying RPE computations; dopamine responses are shaped by both synergistic and competitive interactions between glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to dopamine neurons depending on valences, with competitive interactions playing a role in responses to aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Amo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Naoshige Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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4
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McDevitt DS, Wade QW, McKendrick GE, Nelsen J, Starostina M, Tran N, Blendy JA, Graziane NM. The Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus and Its Projections in Regulating Reward and Context Associations. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0524-23.2024. [PMID: 38351131 PMCID: PMC10883411 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0524-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a brain region that mediates aversive and reward-related behaviors as shown in animals exposed to fear conditioning, natural rewards, or drugs of abuse. However, it is unknown whether manipulations of the PVT, in the absence of external factors or stimuli (e.g., fear, natural rewards, or drugs of abuse), are sufficient to drive reward-related behaviors. Additionally, it is unknown whether drugs of abuse administered directly into the PVT are sufficient to drive reward-related behaviors. Here, using behavioral as well as pathway and cell-type specific approaches, we manipulate PVT activity as well as the PVT-to-nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) neurocircuit to explore reward phenotypes. First, we show that bath perfusion of morphine (10 µM) caused hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, increased rheobase, and decreased intrinsic membrane excitability in PVT neurons that project to the NAcSh. Additionally, we found that direct injections of morphine (50 ng) in the PVT of mice were sufficient to generate conditioned place preference (CPP) for the morphine-paired chamber. Mimicking the inhibitory effect of morphine, we employed a chemogenetic approach to inhibit PVT neurons that projected to the NAcSh and found that pairing the inhibition of these PVT neurons with a specific context evoked the acquisition of CPP. Lastly, using brain slice electrophysiology, we found that bath-perfused morphine (10 µM) significantly reduced PVT excitatory synaptic transmission on both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the NAcSh, but that inhibiting PVT afferents in the NAcSh was not sufficient to evoke CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon S McDevitt
- Neuroscience Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Quinn W Wade
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Greer E McKendrick
- Neuroscience Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Jacob Nelsen
- Doctor of Medicine Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Mariya Starostina
- Doctor of Medicine Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Nam Tran
- Doctor of Medicine Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Nicholas M Graziane
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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5
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Costa AR, Tavares I, Martins I. How do opioids control pain circuits in the brainstem during opioid-induced disorders and in chronic pain? Implications for the treatment of chronic pain. Pain 2024; 165:324-336. [PMID: 37578500 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brainstem areas involved in descending pain modulation are crucial for the analgesic actions of opioids. However, the role of opioids in these areas during tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), and in chronic pain settings remains underappreciated. We conducted a revision of the recent studies performed in the main brainstem areas devoted to descending pain modulation with a special focus on the medullary dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt), as a distinctive pain facilitatory area and a key player in the diffuse noxious inhibitory control paradigm. We show that maladaptive processes within the signaling of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), which entail desensitization and a switch to excitatory signaling, occur in the brainstem, contributing to tolerance and OIH. In the context of chronic pain, the alterations found are complex and depend on the area and model of chronic pain. For example, the downregulation of MOR and δ-opioid receptor (DOR) in some areas, including the DRt, during neuropathic pain likely contributes to the inefficacy of opioids. However, the upregulation of MOR and DOR, at the rostral ventromedial medulla, in inflammatory pain models, suggests therapeutic avenues to explore. Mechanistically, the rationale for the diversity and complexity of alterations in the brainstem is likely provided by the alternative splicing of opioid receptors and the heteromerization of MOR. In conclusion, this review emphasizes how important it is to consider the effects of opioids at these circuits when using opioids for the treatment of chronic pain and for the development of safer and effective opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Costa
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Costa is now with the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Costa is now with the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Isabel Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. Costa is now with the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
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6
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Stucke AG, Levitt ES, Montandon G. Editorial: Opioid-induced respiratory depression: neural circuits and cellular pathways. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1348910. [PMID: 38179143 PMCID: PMC10766328 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1348910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid G. Stucke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Erica S. Levitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gaspard Montandon
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Amo R, Uchida N, Watabe-Uchida M. Glutamate inputs send prediction error of reward but not negative value of aversive stimuli to dopamine neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566472. [PMID: 37986868 PMCID: PMC10659341 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons are thought to signal reward prediction errors (RPEs) but the mechanisms underlying RPE computation, particularly contributions of different neurotransmitters, remain poorly understood. Here we used a genetically-encoded glutamate sensor to examine the pattern of glutamate inputs to dopamine neurons. We found that glutamate inputs exhibit virtually all of the characteristics of RPE, rather than conveying a specific component of RPE computation such as reward or expectation. Notably, while glutamate inputs were transiently inhibited by reward omission, they were excited by aversive stimuli. Opioid analgesics altered dopamine negative responses to aversive stimuli toward more positive responses, while excitatory responses of glutamate inputs remained unchanged. Our findings uncover previously unknown synaptic mechanisms underlying RPE computations; dopamine responses are shaped by both synergistic and competitive interactions between glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to dopamine neurons depending on valences, with competitive interactions playing a role in responses to aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Amo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Naoshige Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Ochandarena NE, Niehaus JK, Tassou A, Scherrer G. Cell-type specific molecular architecture for mu opioid receptor function in pain and addiction circuits. Neuropharmacology 2023; 238:109597. [PMID: 37271281 PMCID: PMC10494323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are potent analgesics broadly used for pain management; however, they can produce dangerous side effects including addiction and respiratory depression. These harmful effects have led to an epidemic of opioid abuse and overdose deaths, creating an urgent need for the development of both safer pain medications and treatments for opioid use disorders. Both the analgesic and addictive properties of opioids are mediated by the mu opioid receptor (MOR), making resolution of the cell types and neural circuits responsible for each of the effects of opioids a critical research goal. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is enabling the identification of MOR-expressing cell types throughout the nervous system, creating new opportunities for mapping distinct opioid effects onto newly discovered cell types. Here, we describe molecularly defined MOR-expressing neuronal cell types throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems and their potential contributions to opioid analgesia and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Ochandarena
- Neuroscience Curriculum, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Jesse K Niehaus
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Adrien Tassou
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation - Robertson Investigator, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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9
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Antunes GF, Campos ACP, Martins DDO, Gouveia FV, Rangel Junior MJ, Pagano RL, Martinez RCR. Unravelling the Role of Habenula Subnuclei on Avoidance Response: Focus on Activation and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10693. [PMID: 37445871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for anxiety disorders is a major challenge. Avoidance behavior is an essential feature of anxiety disorders. The two-way avoidance test is a preclinical model with two distinct subpopulations-the good and poor performers-based on the number of avoidance responses presented during testing. It is believed that the habenula subnuclei could be important for the elaboration of avoidance response with a distinct pattern of activation and neuroinflammation. The present study aimed to shed light on the habenula subnuclei signature in avoidance behavior, evaluating the pattern of neuronal activation using FOS expression and astrocyte density using GFAP immunoreactivity, and comparing control, good and poor performers. Our results showed that good performers had a decrease in FOS immunoreactivity (IR) in the superior part of the medial division of habenula (MHbS) and an increase in the marginal part of the lateral subdivision of lateral habenula (LHbLMg). Poor performers showed an increase in FOS in the basal part of the lateral subdivision of lateral habenula (LHbLB). Considering the astroglial immunoreactivity, the poor performers showed an increase in GFAP-IR in the inferior portion of the medial complex (MHbl), while the good performers showed a decrease in the oval part of the lateral part of the lateral complex (LHbLO) in comparison with the other groups. Taken together, our data suggest that specific subdivisions of the MHb and LHb have different activation patterns and astroglial immunoreactivity in good and poor performers. This study could contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-060, Brazil
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Miguel José Rangel Junior
- Centro Universitário de Santa Fé do Sul, Santa Fé do Sul 15775-000, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Brasil, Fernandópolis 15600-000, Brazil
| | - Rosana Lima Pagano
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-060, Brazil
- Laboratorios de Investigação Médica-LIM/23, Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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Krohn F, Novello M, van der Giessen RS, De Zeeuw CI, Pel JJM, Bosman LWJ. The integrated brain network that controls respiration. eLife 2023; 12:83654. [PMID: 36884287 PMCID: PMC9995121 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In addition, the respiratory control network of the brain has to organize muscular synergies that integrate ventilation with posture and body movement. Finally, respiration is coupled to cardiovascular function and emotion. Here, we argue that the brain can handle this all by integrating a brainstem central pattern generator circuit in a larger network that also comprises the cerebellum. Although currently not generally recognized as a respiratory control center, the cerebellum is well known for its coordinating and modulating role in motor behavior, as well as for its role in the autonomic nervous system. In this review, we discuss the role of brain regions involved in the control of respiration, and their anatomical and functional interactions. We discuss how sensory feedback can result in adaptation of respiration, and how these mechanisms can be compromised by various neurological and psychological disorders. Finally, we demonstrate how the respiratory pattern generators are part of a larger and integrated network of respiratory brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Krohn
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manuele Novello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan J M Pel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Yin JB, Lu YC, Li F, Zhang T, Ding T, Hu HQ, Chen YB, Guo HW, Kou ZZ, Zhang MM, Yuan J, Chen T, Li H, Cao BZ, Dong YL, Li YQ. Morphological investigations of endomorphin-2 and spinoparabrachial projection neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of the rat. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1072704. [PMID: 36506871 PMCID: PMC9726772 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1072704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proved that endomorphin-2 (EM2) produced obvious analgesic effects in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), which existed in our human bodies with remarkable affinity and selectivity for the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Our previous study has demonstrated that EM2 made synapses with the spinoparabrachial projection neurons (PNs) in the SDH and inhibited their activities by reducing presynaptic glutamate release. However, the morphological features of EM2 and the spinoparabrachial PNs in the SDH have not been completely investigated. Here, we examined the morphological features of EM2 and the spinoparabrachial PNs by using triple fluorescence and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. EM2-immunoreactive (-ir) afferents directly contacted with the spinoparabrachial PNs in lamina I of the SDH. Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) were used to confirm that these contacts were synaptic connections. It was also observed that EM2-ir axon terminals contacting with spinoparabrachial PNs in lamina I contained MOR, substance P (SP) and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2). In lamina II, MOR-ir neurons were observed to receive direct contacts from EM2-ir varicosities. The synaptic connections among EM2, MOR, SP, VGLUT2, and the spinoparabrachial PNs were also confirmed by IEM. In sum, our results supply morphological evidences for the analgesic effects of EM2 on the spinoparabrachial PNs in the SDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bin Yin
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China,Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan, China,State Key Laboratory of Military Medical Psychology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tan Ding
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huai-Qiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan, China,State Key Laboratory of Military Medical Psychology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying-Biao Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Kou
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing-Zhen Cao
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China,Yu-Lin Dong,
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Yun-Qing Li,
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12
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Vollmer KM, Green LM, Grant RI, Winston KT, Doncheck EM, Bowen CW, Paniccia JE, Clarke RE, Tiller A, Siegler PN, Bordieanu B, Siemsen BM, Denton AR, Westphal AM, Jhou TC, Rinker JA, McGinty JF, Scofield MD, Otis JM. An opioid-gated thalamoaccumbal circuit for the suppression of reward seeking in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6865. [PMID: 36369508 PMCID: PMC9652456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of dangerous or inappropriate reward-motivated behaviors is critical for survival, whereas therapeutic or recreational opioid use can unleash detrimental behavioral actions and addiction. Nevertheless, the neuronal systems that suppress maladaptive motivated behaviors remain unclear, and whether opioids disengage those systems is unknown. In a mouse model using two-photon calcium imaging in vivo, we identify paraventricular thalamostriatal neuronal ensembles that are inhibited upon sucrose self-administration and seeking, yet these neurons are tonically active when behavior is suppressed by a fear-provoking predator odor, a pharmacological stressor, or inhibitory learning. Electrophysiological, optogenetic, and chemogenetic experiments reveal that thalamostriatal neurons innervate accumbal parvalbumin interneurons through synapses enriched with calcium permeable AMPA receptors, and activity within this circuit is necessary and sufficient for the suppression of sucrose seeking regardless of the behavioral suppressor administered. Furthermore, systemic or intra-accumbal opioid injections rapidly dysregulate thalamostriatal ensemble dynamics, weaken thalamostriatal synaptic innervation of downstream neurons, and unleash reward-seeking behaviors in a manner that is reversed by genetic deletion of thalamic µ-opioid receptors. Overall, our findings reveal a thalamostriatal to parvalbumin interneuron circuit that is both required for the suppression of reward seeking and rapidly disengaged by opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Vollmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Lisa M Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Roger I Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kion T Winston
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Doncheck
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Christopher W Bowen
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Rachel E Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Annika Tiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Preston N Siegler
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Bogdan Bordieanu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Benjamin M Siemsen
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Adam R Denton
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Annaka M Westphal
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Thomas C Jhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rinker
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Jacqueline F McGinty
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James M Otis
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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13
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Getsy PM, Young AP, Bates JN, Baby SM, Seckler JM, Grossfield A, Hsieh YH, Lewis THJ, Jenkins MW, Gaston B, Lewis SJ. S-nitroso-L-cysteine stereoselectively blunts the adverse effects of morphine on breathing and arterial blood gas chemistry while promoting analgesia. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113436. [PMID: 36076552 PMCID: PMC9464305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex P Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James N Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Santhosh M Baby
- Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 213 Witmer Road, Horsham, PA, USA.
| | - James M Seckler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alan Grossfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tristan H J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Omara-Reda H, Ouachikh O, Hamdi D, Dieb W, Lashin M, Durif F, Hafidi A. Naltrexone promotes mechanical allodynia in humans and rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 786:136816. [PMID: 35901909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia has been studied in chronic naltrexone-treated people (N.T.P.) and rats (N.T.R.). After persistent naltrexone administration, patients acquired static and dynamic mechanical allodynia, as measured by von Frey filament (vFf) and brush stimulations. Pregabalin and levodopa administrations in N.T.P. significantly reduced allodynic behaviour, albeit these molecules did not completely stop it. As evidenced by the deployment of the vFf, subchronic treatment with Naltrexone delivered peripherally or intrathecally induced allodynic behaviour in rats. Increased expressions of two pain markers, pERK1/2 and PKCγ, in the spinal dorsal horn laminae were associated with naltrexone-induced allodynic behaviour. After vFf stimulation, pERK1/2 expression was substantially higher (p < 0.001) in superficial spinal dorsal horn laminae than in non-stimulated or naive non-stimulated rats. In addition, when compared to control rats, N.T.R. showed a substantial (p < 0.001) increase in PKCγ expression. PKCγ expression was found to be strong in lamina IIi and laminae III-IV. A cellular mechanism is proposed for the naltrexone effect. In both people and rats, Naltrexone induces static mechanical allodynia, according to this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Omara-Reda
- Université Clermont Auvergne, TGI, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Omar Ouachikh
- Université Clermont Auvergne, TGI, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Dhouha Hamdi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, TGI, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Wisam Dieb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, TGI, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamed Lashin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, TGI, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, TGI, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aziz Hafidi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, TGI, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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15
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Palkovic B, Cook-Snyder D, Callison JJ, Langer TM, Nugent R, Stuth EA, Zuperku EJ, Stucke AG. Contribution of the caudal medullary raphe to opioid induced respiratory depression. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 299:103855. [PMID: 35124284 PMCID: PMC8897277 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid-induced respiratory depression can be partially antagonized in the preBötzinger Complex and Parabrachial Nucleus/Kölliker-Fuse Complex. We hypothesized that additional opioid antagonism in the caudal medullary raphe completely reverses the opioid effect. METHODS In adult ventilated, vagotomized, decerebrate rabbits, we administrated remifentanil intravenously at "analgesic", "apneic", and "very high" doses and determined the reversal with sequential naloxone microinjections into the bilateral Parabrachial Nucleus/Kölliker-Fuse Complex, preBötzinger Complex, and caudal medullary raphe. In separate animals, we injected opioid antagonists into the raphe without intravenous remifentanil. RESULTS Sequential naloxone microinjections completely reversed respiratory rate depression from "analgesic" and "apneic" remifentanil, but not "very high" remifentanil concentrations. Antagonist injection into the caudal medullary raphe without remifentanil independently increased respiratory rate. CONCLUSIONS Opioid-induced respiratory depression results from a combined effect on the respiratory rhythm generator and respiratory drive. The effect in the caudal medullary raphe is complex as we also observed local antagonism of endogenous opioid receptor activation, which has not been described before.
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16
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Almeida RL, Ogihara CA, de Souza JS, Oliveira KC, Cafarchio EM, Tescaro L, Maciel RMB, Giannocco G, Sato MA. Regularly swimming exercise modifies opioidergic neuromodulation in rostral ventrolateral medulla in hypertensive rats. Brain Res 2022; 1774:147726. [PMID: 34785257 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Moderate exercise reduces arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and changes neurotransmission in medullary areas involved in cardiovascular regulation. We investigated if regularly swimming exercise (SW) affects the cardiovascular adjustments mediated by opioidergic neuromodulation in the RVLM in SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Rats were submitted to 6 wks of SW. The day after the last exercise bout, α-chloralose-anesthetized rats underwent a cannulation of the femoral artery for AP and HR recordings, and Doppler flow probes were placed around the lower abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Bilateral injection of endomorphin-2 (EM-2, 0.4 mmol/L, 60 nL) into the RVLM increased MAP in SW-SHR (20 ± 4 mmHg, N = 6), which was lower than in sedentary (SED)-SHR (35 ± 4 mmHg, N = 6). The increase in MAP in SW-SHR induced by EM-2 into the RVLM was similar in SED- and SW-WKY. Naloxone (0.5 mmol/L, 60 nL) injected into the RVLM evoked an enhanced hypotension in SW-SHR (-66 ± 8 mmHg, N = 6) compared to SED-SHR (-25 ± 3 mmHg, N = 6), which was similar in SED- and SW-WKY. No significant changes were observed in HR after EM-2 or naloxone injections into the RVLM. Changes in hindquarter and mesenteric conductances evoked by EM-2 or naloxone injections into the RVLM in SW- or SED-SHR were not different. Mu Opioid Receptor expression by Western blotting was reduced in SW-SHR than in SED-SHR and SW-WKY. Therefore, regularly SW alters the opioidergic neuromodulation in the RVLM in SHR and modifies the mu opioid receptor expression in this medullary area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Almeida
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiana A Ogihara
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kelen C Oliveira
- Dept. Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cafarchio
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Tescaro
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Dept. Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Dept. Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica A Sato
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
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17
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Heles M, Mrozkova P, Sulcova D, Adamek P, Spicarova D, Palecek J. Chemokine CCL2 prevents opioid-induced inhibition of nociceptive synaptic transmission in spinal cord dorsal horn. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:279. [PMID: 34857006 PMCID: PMC8638248 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Opioid analgesics remain widely used for pain treatment despite the related serious side effects. Some of those, such as opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia may be at least partially due to modulation of opioid receptors (OR) function at nociceptive synapses in the spinal cord dorsal horn. It was suggested that increased release of different chemokines under pathological conditions may play a role in this process. The goal of this study was to investigate the crosstalk between the µOR, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and C–C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) chemokine and the involvement of spinal microglia in the modulation of opioid analgesia. Methods Patch-clamp recordings of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and dorsal root evoked currents (eEPSC) in spinal cord slices superficial dorsal horn neurons were used to evaluate the effect of µOR agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), CCL2, TRPV1 antagonist SB366791 and minocycline. Paw withdrawal test to thermal stimuli was combined with intrathecal (i.t.) delivery of CCL2 and DAMGO to investigate the modulation in vivo. Results Application of DAMGO induced a rapid decrease of mEPSC frequency and eEPSC amplitude, followed by a delayed increase of the eESPC amplitude, which was prevented by SB366791. Chemokine CCL2 treatment significantly diminished all the DAMGO-induced changes. Minocycline treatment prevented the CCL2 effects on the DAMGO-induced eEPSC depression, while mEPSC changes were unaffected. In behavioral experiments, i.t. injection of CCL2 completely blocked DAMGO-induced thermal hypoalgesia and intraperitoneal pre-treatment with minocycline prevented the CCL2 effect. Conclusions Our results indicate that opioid-induced inhibition of the excitatory synaptic transmission could be severely attenuated by increased CCL2 levels most likely through a microglia activation-dependent mechanism. Delayed potentiation of neurotransmission after µOR activation is dependent on TRPV1 receptors activation. Targeting CCL2 and its receptors and TRPV1 receptors in combination with opioid therapy could significantly improve the analgesic properties of opioids, especially during pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Heles
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mrozkova
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Sulcova
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Adamek
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Spicarova
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Palecek
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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18
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Giacomini JL, Geiduschek E, Selleck RA, Sadeghian K, Baldo BA. Dissociable control of μ-opioid-driven hyperphagia vs. food impulsivity across subregions of medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and insular cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1981-1989. [PMID: 34226656 PMCID: PMC8429588 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study explored potentially dissociable functions of mu-opioid receptor (µ-OR) signaling across different cortical territories in the control of anticipatory activity directed toward palatable food, consumption, and impulsive food-seeking behavior in male rats. The µ-OR agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin), was infused into infralimbic cortex (ILC), prelimbic cortex (PrL), medial and lateral ventral orbitofrontal cortices (VMO, VLO), and agranular/dysgranular insular (AI/DI) cortex of rats. Intra-ILC DAMGO markedly enhanced contact with a see-through screen behind which sucrose pellets were sequestered; in addition, rats having received intra-ILC and intra-VMO DAMGO exhibited locomotor hyperactivity while the screen was in place. Upon screen removal, intra-ILC and -VMO-treated rats emitted numerous, brief sucrose-intake bouts (yielding increased overall intake) interspersed with significant hyperactivity. In contrast, intra-AI/DI-treated rats consumed large amounts of sucrose in long, uninterrupted bouts with no anticipatory hyperactivity pre-screen removal. Intra-PrL and intra-VLO DAMGO altered neither pre-screen behavior nor sucrose intake. Finally, all rats were tested in a sucrose-reinforced differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) task, which assesses the ability to advantageously withhold premature responses. DAMGO affected (impaired) DRL performance when infused into ILC only. These site-based dissociations reveal differential control of µ-OR-modulated appetitive/approach vs. consummatory behaviors by ventromedial/orbitofrontal and insular networks, respectively, and suggest a unique role of ILC µ-ORs in modulating inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L. Giacomini
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Emma Geiduschek
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ryan A. Selleck
- grid.252000.50000 0001 0728 549XDepartment of Psychological Science, Albion College, Albion, MI USA
| | - Ken Sadeghian
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Brian A. Baldo
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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19
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Ahmadi S, Zobeiri M, Mohammadi Talvar S, Masoudi K, Khanizad A, Fotouhi S, Bradburn S. Differential expression of H19, BC1, MIAT1, and MALAT1 long non-coding RNAs within key brain reward regions after repeated morphine treatment. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113478. [PMID: 34302875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morphine-induced analgesic tolerance and dependence are significant limits of pain control; however, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance and dependence have remained unclear. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in morphine tolerance and dependence is yet to be determined. We aimed to explore the association of specific lncRNAs expression in key brain reward regions after repeated injection of morphine. Male Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of twice-daily morphine (10 mg/kg) or saline (1 mL/kg) for eight days. On day 8 of the repeated injections, induction of morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence was confirmed through a hotplate test and a naloxone-precipitated withdrawal analysis, respectively. Expression of H19, BC1, MIAT1, and MALAT1 lncRNAs was determined from the midbrain, striatum, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus by real-time PCR on day 8 of the repeated injections. The H19 expression was significantly different between morphine-treated and control saline-treated rats in all investigated areas except for the hippocampus. The BC1 expression significantly altered in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, but not in the striatum and PFC after repeated morphine treatment. The MIAT1 and MALAT1 expression site-specifically altered in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and striatum; however, no significant changes were detected in their expression in the PFC and hippocampus after repeated morphine treatment. We conclude that alterations in the expression of these lncRNAs in the brain reward regions especially in the midbrain, striatum and hypothalamus may have critical roles in the development of morphine dependence and tolerance, which need to be considered in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zobeiri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi Talvar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kayvan Masoudi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Khanizad
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shima Fotouhi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Steven Bradburn
- Department of Life Sciences, Bioscience Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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20
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Song X, Cui Z, He J, Yang T, Sun X. κ‑opioid receptor agonist, U50488H, inhibits pyroptosis through NLRP3 via the Ca 2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway and improves synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:529. [PMID: 34036389 PMCID: PMC8170177 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder with slow onset in most cases. Clinically, dementia associated with AD is characterized by memory disorders, aphasia, executive dysfunction and personality and behavior changes. Currently, treatment strategies attempt to reduce certain symptoms, however there is no cure for AD. The aim of the present study was to identify a novel treatment strategy for AD. Thus, the protective effects of a κ‑opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, U50488H on neural damage in AD mice were investigated. The underlying mechanism of the Ca2+/calcium/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase II/cyclic adenosine monophosphate‑response element binding protein (Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB) signaling pathway was evaluated. Amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin‑1 (PS1) mice were treated subcutaneously with a KOR agonist for 28 days. The learning and memory abilities of the APP/PS1 mice were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Damage to hippocampal neurons was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Inflammatory factors and brain injury markers were detected using ELISA. Neurons were examined using immunofluorescence and dendritic spines were observed using Golgi‑Cox staining. Western blotting was used to detect NOD‑, LRR‑ and pyrin domain‑containing protein 3, microglial ptosis and the Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB‑related protein pathway. The KOR agonist significantly improved the brain injury observed in APP/PS1 mice, inhibited microglia pyroptosis and improved the synaptic plasticity of APP/PS1 mice, which was reversed by a KOR antagonist. Thus, the KOR agonist improved the symptoms of APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting the Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/administration & dosage
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzylamines/administration & dosage
- Brain Injuries/drug therapy
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microglia/drug effects
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
- Presenilin-1/genetics
- Pyrolysis/drug effects
- Pyroptosis/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Song
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Jiahuan He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
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21
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Packiasabapathy S, Zhang X, Ding L, Aruldhas BW, Pawale D, Sadhasivam S. Quantitative Pupillometry as a Predictor of Pediatric Postoperative Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:991-999. [PMID: 34029273 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe postoperative pain relief with opioids is an unmet critical medical need in children. There is a lack of objective, noninvasive bedside tool to assess central nervous system (CNS) effects of intraoperative opioids. Proactive identification of children at risk for postoperative respiratory depression (RD) will help tailor analgesic therapy and significantly improve the safety of opioids in children. Quantitative pupillometry (QP) is a noninvasive, objective, and real-time tool for monitoring CNS effect-time relationship of opioids. This exploratory study aimed to determine the association of QP measures with postoperative RD, as well as to identify the best intraoperative QP measures predictive of postoperative RD in children. METHODS After approval from the institutional review board and informed parental consent, in this prospective, observational study of 220 children undergoing tonsillectomy, QP measures were collected at 5 time points: awake preoperative baseline before anesthesia induction (at the time of enrollment [T1]), immediately after anesthesia induction before morphine administration (T2), 3 minutes after intraoperative morphine administration (T3), at the end of surgery (T4), and postoperatively when awake in postanesthesia recovery unit (PACU) (T5). Intraoperative use of opioid and incidence of postoperative RD were collected. Analyses were aimed at exploring correlations of QP measures with the incidence of RD and, if found significant, to develop a predictive model for postoperative RD. RESULTS Perioperative QP measures of percentage pupil constriction (CONQ, P = .027), minimum pupillary diameter (MIN, P = .027), and maximum pupillary diameter (MAX, P = .034) differed significantly among children with and without postoperative RD. A predictive model including the minimum pupillary diameter 3 minutes after morphine administration (MIN3), minimum pupillary diameter normalized to baseline (MIN31), and percentage pupillary constriction after surgery (T4) standardized to baseline (T1) (CONQ41), along with the weight-based morphine dose performed the best to predict postoperative RD in children (area under the curve [AUC], 0.76). CONCLUSIONS A model based on pre- and intraoperative pupillometry measures including CONQ, MIN, along with weight-based morphine dose-predicted postoperative RD in our cohort of children undergoing tonsillectomy. More studies with a larger sample size are required to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Packiasabapathy
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Lili Ding
- Division of Human Genetics.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Blessed W Aruldhas
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Dhanashri Pawale
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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22
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Huang D, Grady FS, Peltekian L, Laing JJ, Geerling JC. Efferent projections of CGRP/Calca-expressing parabrachial neurons in mice. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2911-2957. [PMID: 33715169 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is composed of glutamatergic neurons at the midbrain-hindbrain junction. These neurons form many subpopulations, one of which expresses Calca, which encodes the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This Calca-expressing subpopulation has been implicated in a variety of homeostatic functions, but the overall distribution of Calca-expressing neurons in this region remains unclear. Also, while previous studies in rats and mice have identified output projections from CGRP-immunoreactive or Calca-expressing neurons, we lack a comprehensive understanding of their efferent projections. We began by identifying neurons with Calca mRNA and CGRP immunoreactivity in and around the PB, including populations in the locus coeruleus and motor trigeminal nucleus. Calca-expressing neurons in the PB prominently express the mu opioid receptor (Oprm1) and are distinct from neighboring neurons that express Foxp2 and Pdyn. Next, we used Cre-dependent anterograde tracing with synaptophysin-mCherry to map the efferent projections of these neurons. Calca-expressing PB neurons heavily target subregions of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, basal forebrain, thalamic intralaminar and ventral posterior parvicellular nuclei, and hindbrain, in different patterns depending on the injection site location within the PB region. Retrograde axonal tracing revealed that the previously unreported hindbrain projections arise from a rostral-ventral subset of CGRP/Calca neurons. Finally, we show that these efferent projections of Calca-expressing neurons are distinct from those of neighboring PB neurons that express Pdyn. This information provides a detailed neuroanatomical framework for interpreting experimental work involving CGRP/Calca-expressing neurons and opioid action in the PB region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
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23
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Murray K, Lin Y, Makary MM, Whang PG, Geha P. Brain Structure and Function of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients on Long-Term Opioid Analgesic Treatment: A Preliminary Study. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921990938. [PMID: 33567986 PMCID: PMC7883154 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921990938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often treated with opioid analgesics (OA), a class of medications associated with a significant risk of misuse. However, little is known about how treatment with OA affect the brain in chronic pain patients. Gaining this knowledge is a necessary first step towards understanding OA associated analgesia and elucidating long-term risk of OA misuse. Here we study CLBP patients chronically medicated with opioids without any evidence of misuse and compare them to CLBP patients not on opioids and to healthy controls using structural and functional brain imaging. CLBP patients medicated with OA showed loss of volume in the nucleus accumbens and thalamus, and an overall significant decrease in signal to noise ratio in their sub-cortical areas. Power spectral density analysis (PSD) of frequency content in the accumbens’ resting state activity revealed that both medicated and unmedicated patients showed loss of PSD within the slow-5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz) while only CLBP patients on OA showed additional density loss within the slow-4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz). We conclude that chronic treatment with OA is associated with altered brain structure and function within sensory limbic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yezhe Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meena M Makary
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter G Whang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Geha
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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24
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Wojciechowski P, Andrzejewski K, Kaczyńska K. Intracerebroventricular Neuropeptide FF Diminishes the Number of Apneas and Cardiovascular Effects Produced by Opioid Receptors' Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238931. [PMID: 33255594 PMCID: PMC7728097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The opioid-induced analgesia is associated with a number of side effects such as addiction, tolerance and respiratory depression. The involvement of neuropeptide FF (NPFF) in modulation of pain perception, opioid-induced tolerance and dependence was well documented in contrast to respiratory depression. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the potency of NPFF to block post-opioid respiratory depression, one of the main adverse effects of opioid therapy. Urethane-chloralose anaesthetized Wistar rats were injected either intravenously (iv) or intracerebroventricularly (icv) with various doses of NPFF prior to iv endomorphin-1 (EM-1) administration. Iv NPFF diminished the number of EM-1-induced apneas without affecting their length and without influence on the EM-1 induced blood pressure decline. Icv pretreatment with NPFF abolished the occurrence of post-EM-1 apneas and reduced also the maximal drop in blood pressure and heart rate. These effects were completely blocked by the NPFF receptor antagonist RF9, which was given as a mixture with NPFF before systemic EM-1 administration. In conclusion, our results showed that centrally administered neuropeptide FF is effective in preventing apnea evoked by stimulation of μ-opioid receptors and the effect was due to activation of central NPFF receptors. Our finding indicates a potential target for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression.
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25
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µ Opioid Receptor Agonism for L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6812-6819. [PMID: 32690616 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0610-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by severe locomotor deficits and is commonly treated with the dopamine precursor L-DOPA, but its prolonged usage causes dyskinesias referred to as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Several studies in animal models of PD have suggested that dyskinesias are associated with a heightened opioid cotransmitter tone, observations that have led to the notion of a LID-related hyperactive opioid transmission that should be corrected by µ opioid receptor antagonists. Reports that both antagonists and agonists of the µ opioid receptor may alleviate LID severity in primate models of PD and LID, together with the failure of nonspecific antagonist to improve LID in pilot clinical trials in patients, raises doubt about the reliability of the available data on the opioid system in PD and LID. After in vitro characterization of the functional activity at the µ opioid receptor, we selected prototypical agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists at the µ opioid receptor. We then showed that both oral and discrete intracerebral administration of a µ receptor agonist, but not of an antagonist as long thought, ameliorated LIDs in the gold-standard bilateral 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned female macaque model of PD and LID. The results call for a reappraisal of opioid pharmacology in the basal ganglia as well as for the development of brain nucleus-targeted µ opioid receptor agonists.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT µ opioid receptors have long been considered as a viable target for alleviating the severity of L-DOPA-induced hyperkinetic side effects, induced by the chronic treatment of Parkinson's disease motor symptoms with L-DOPA. Conflicting results between experimental parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease patients, however, dampened the enthusiasm for the target. Here we reappraise the pharmacology and then demonstrate that both oral and discrete intracerebral administration of a µ receptor agonist, but not of an antagonist as long thought, ameliorates LIDs in the gold-standard bilateral 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned macaque model of Parkinson's disease, calling for a reappraisal of the opioid pharmacology as well as for the development of brain nucleus-targeted µ receptor agonists.
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26
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Varga AG, Maletz SN, Bateman JT, Reid BT, Levitt ES. Neurochemistry of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus from a respiratory perspective. J Neurochem 2020; 156:16-37. [PMID: 32396650 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) is a functionally distinct component of the parabrachial complex, located in the dorsolateral pons of mammals. The KF has a major role in respiration and upper airway control. A comprehensive understanding of the KF and its contributions to respiratory function and dysfunction requires an appreciation for its neurochemical characteristics. The goal of this review is to summarize the diverse neurochemical composition of the KF, focusing on the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neuropeptides present. We also include a description of the receptors expressed on KF neurons and transporters involved in each system, as well as their putative roles in respiratory physiology. Finally, we provide a short section reviewing the literature regarding neurochemical changes in the KF in the context of respiratory dysfunction observed in SIDS and Rett syndrome. By over-viewing the current literature on the neurochemical composition of the KF, this review will serve to aid a wide range of topics in the future research into the neural control of respiration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn G Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sebastian N Maletz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jordan T Bateman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brandon T Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erica S Levitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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Ross JA, Van Bockstaele EJ. The role of catecholamines in modulating responses to stress: Sex-specific patterns, implications, and therapeutic potential for post-traumatic stress disorder and opiate withdrawal. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2429-2465. [PMID: 32125035 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emotional arousal is one of several factors that determine the strength of a memory and how efficiently it may be retrieved. The systems at play are multifaceted; on one hand, the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system evaluates the rewarding or reinforcing potential of a stimulus, while on the other, the noradrenergic stress response system evaluates the risk of threat, commanding attention, and engaging emotional and physical behavioral responses. Sex-specific patterns in the anatomy and function of the arousal system suggest that sexually divergent therapeutic approaches may be advantageous for neurological disorders involving arousal, learning, and memory. From the lens of the triple network model of psychopathology, we argue that post-traumatic stress disorder and opiate substance use disorder arise from maladaptive learning responses that are perpetuated by hyperarousal of the salience network. We present evidence that catecholamine-modulated learning and stress-responsive circuitry exerts substantial influence over the salience network and its dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders, and between the sexes. We discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the endogenous cannabinoid system; a ubiquitous neuromodulator that influences learning, memory, and responsivity to stress by influencing catecholamine, excitatory, and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Relevant preclinical data in male and female rodents are integrated with clinical data in men and women in an effort to understand how ideal treatment modalities between the sexes may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Place preferences induced by electrical stimulation of the external lateral parabrachial subnucleus in a sequential learning task: Place preferences induced by NLPBe stimulation. Behav Brain Res 2020; 381:112442. [PMID: 31862469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that electrical stimulation of the external lateral parabrachial nucleus (NLPBe) can sustain concurrent taste and place learning. Place preferences can be learned through different procedures. Previous studies demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the PBNLe can generate aversive and preference place learning using concurrent procedures. In the concurrent procedure, the animals can move freely in the maze, and intracranial electrical stimulation is associated with their voluntary stay in one of the two maze compartments. However, the rewarding properties of most stimuli, whether natural or drugs of abuse, have usually been investigated using the sequential procedure, in which animals are confined while receiving the unconditioned stimulus and then undergo a choice test without stimulation in a later phase. This study examined whether this stimulation can sustain place preference learning in sequential tasks. Results demonstrated that place preferences can also be induced by the electrical stimulation of the NLBe using sequential procedures. These findings suggest that the NLPBe may form part of a brain reward axis that shares certain characteristics with those observed in the processing of natural rewarding agents and especially of drugs of abuse.
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29
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Shao C, Chen P, Chen Q, Zhao M, Zhang WN, Yang K. Mu opioid receptors inhibit GABA release from parvalbumin interneuron terminals onto CA1 pyramidal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:1059-1062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene A Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Alexander J McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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31
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Kissiwaa SA, Patel SD, Winters BL, Bagley EE. Opioids differentially modulate two synapses important for pain processing in the amygdala. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:420-431. [PMID: 31596498 PMCID: PMC6989950 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pain is a subjective experience involving sensory discriminative and emotionally aversive components. Consistent with its role in pain processing and emotions, the amygdala modulates the aversive component of pain. The laterocapsular region of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) receives nociceptive information from the parabrachial nucleus (PB) and polymodal, including nociceptive, inputs from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). Opioids are strong analgesics and reduce both the sensory discriminative and the affective component of pain. However, it is unknown whether opioids regulate activity at the two nociceptive inputs to the amygdala. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using whole-cell electrophysiology, optogenetics, and immunohistochemistry, we investigated whether opioids inhibit the rat PB-CeLC and BLA-CeLC synapses. KEY RESULTS Opioids inhibited glutamate release at the PB-CeLC and BLA-CeLC synapses. Opioid inhibition is via the μ-receptor at the PB-CeLC synapse, while at the BLA-CeLC synapse, inhibition is via μ-receptors in all neurons and via δ-receptors and κ-receptors in a subset of neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Agonists of μ-receptors inhibited two of the synaptic inputs carrying nociceptive information into the laterocapsular amygdala. Therefore, μ-receptor agonists, such as morphine, will inhibit glutamate release from PB and BLA in the CeLC, and this could serve as a mechanism through which opioids reduce the affective component of pain and pain-induced associative learning. The lower than expected regulation of BLA synaptic outputs by δ-receptors does not support the proposal that opioid receptor subtypes segregate into subnuclei of brain regions.
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MESH Headings
- Amygdala/drug effects
- Amygdala/metabolism
- Amygdala/physiopathology
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Male
- Neural Inhibition/drug effects
- Nociception/drug effects
- Nociceptive Pain/metabolism
- Nociceptive Pain/physiopathology
- Nociceptive Pain/prevention & control
- Optogenetics
- Pain Perception/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Kissiwaa
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Sahil D. Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Bryony L. Winters
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchThe University of Sydney, Royal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSWAustralia
| | - Elena E. Bagley
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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32
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Arttamangkul S, Plazek A, Platt EJ, Jin H, Murray TF, Birdsong WT, Rice KC, Farrens DL, Williams JT. Visualizing endogenous opioid receptors in living neurons using ligand-directed chemistry. eLife 2019; 8:49319. [PMID: 31589142 PMCID: PMC6809603 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying neurons that have functional opioid receptors is fundamental for the understanding of the cellular, synaptic and systems actions of opioids. Current techniques are limited to post hoc analyses of fixed tissues. Here we developed a fluorescent probe, naltrexamine-acylimidazole (NAI), to label opioid receptors based on a chemical approach termed ‘traceless affinity labeling’. In this approach, a high affinity antagonist naltrexamine is used as the guide molecule for a transferring reaction of acylimidazole at the receptor. This reaction generates a fluorescent dye covalently linked to the receptor while naltrexamine is liberated and leaves the binding site. The labeling induced by this reagent allowed visualization of opioid-sensitive neurons in rat and mouse brains without loss of function of the fluorescently labeled receptors. The ability to locate endogenous receptors in living tissues will aid considerably in establishing the distribution and physiological role of opioid receptors in the CNS of wild type animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seksiri Arttamangkul
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Andrew Plazek
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Emily J Platt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Haihong Jin
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Thomas F Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, United States
| | - William T Birdsong
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA and NIAAA, Bethesda, United States
| | - David L Farrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - John T Williams
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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33
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Liu S, Liu L, Jiang Y, Zhou J, Hu H, Wu Z, Long H, Lai W. Effect of endomorphin-2 on orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:408-416. [PMID: 31365768 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 demonstrates potent antinociceptive effects in various pain models. The objectives of the present study were to explore the role of endomorphin-2 in the modulation of orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats. An orthodontic pain model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats by ligating coiled springs to mimic orthodontic force (40 g). On days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 following orthodontic tooth movement, bite force was recorded as a surrogate measure of orthodontic pain. Ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and periodontal tissues were harvested for immunostaining. Endomorphin-2, endomorphin-2 + naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist), naloxone, and saline were injected into trigeminal ganglia and periodontal tissues to explore the role of endomorphin-2 on orthodontic pain. The results showed that following orthodontic tooth movement, endomorphin-2 expression levels in trigeminal ganglia were elevated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Orthodontic pain levels were increased on days 1, 3, and 5. The administration of endomorphin-2 into both trigeminal ganglia and periodontal tissues alleviated orthodontic pain. Moreover, the effects of endomorphin-2 could be blocked by naloxone completely in trigeminal ganglia but only partially in periodontal tissues. Therefore, endomorphin-2 plays an important role in the modulation of orthodontic pain both centrally and peripherally, probably through different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlu Jiang
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhouqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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34
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Oveissi V, Ram M, Bahramsoltani R, Ebrahimi F, Rahimi R, Naseri R, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Abbasabadi Z, Farzaei MH. Medicinal plants and their isolated phytochemicals for the management of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: therapeutic targets and clinical perspective. Daru 2019; 27:389-406. [PMID: 30852764 PMCID: PMC6593128 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy, as one of the main approaches of cancer treatment, is accompanied with several adverse effects, including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Since current methods to control the condition are not completely effective, new treatment options should be introduced. Medicinal plants can be suitable candidates to be assessed regarding their effects in CIPN. Current paper reviews the available preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of herbal medicines in CIPN. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library were searched with the keywords "neuropathy" in the title/abstract and "plant", "extract", or "herb" in the whole text. Data were collected from inception until April 2018. RESULTS Plants such as chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don), and sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) as well as phytochemicals like matrine, curcumin, and thioctic acid have demonstrated beneficial effects in animal models of CIPN via prevention of axonal degeneration, decrease in total calcium level, improvement of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms such as superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, and regulation of neural cell apoptosis, nuclear factor-ĸB, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide signaling. Also, five clinical trials have evaluated the effect of herbal products in patients with CIPN. CONCLUSIONS There are currently limited clinical evidence on medicinal plants for CIPN which shows the necessity of future mechanistic studies, as well as well-designed clinical trial for further confirmation of the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines in CIPN. Graphical abstract Schematic mechanisms of medicinal plants to prevent chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: NO: nitric oxide, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, PG: prostaglandin, NF-ĸB: nuclear factor kappa B, LPO: lipid peroxidation, ROS: reactive oxygen species, COX: cyclooxygenase, IL: interleukin, ERK: extracellular signal-related kinase, X: inhibition, ↓: induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Oveissi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobe Ram
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ebrahimi
- Pharmacy Students' Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozita Naseri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tarun Belwal
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263643, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Zahra Abbasabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Dhull DK, Kumar A. Tramadol ameliorates behavioural, biochemical, mitochondrial and histological alterations in ICV-STZ-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:925-938. [PMID: 29249049 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease represents a major public health issue with limited therapeutic interventions. We explored the possibility of therapeutic approach by repurposing of tramadol in a sporadic animal model of Alzheimer's type. Streptozocin (STZ 3 mg/kg; bilaterally) was injected to male SD rats through intracerebroventricular (ICV) route. Drug treatment was started just after streptozocin administration and continued for 3 weeks. The rats were killed on the 21st day following the last behavioral test, and cytoplasmic fractions of the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex were prepared for the quantification of acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress parameter, mitochondrial enzymes activity and histological examination. Tramadol (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a treatment drug, and memantine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a standard. Tramadol significantly attenuated behavioral, biochemical, mitochondrial and histological alterations at low (5 mg/kg) and intermediate (10 mg/kg) dose, suggesting its neuroprotective potential in ICV-STZ-treated rats. Further, the neuroprotective effect of tramadol (10 mg/kg) was comparable to memantine (10 mg/kg). In conclusion, our results indicate the effectiveness of tramadol in preventing ICV-STZ-induced cognitive impairment as well as mito-oxidative stress. Further, these findings reveal the possibility of MOR agonist as a therapeutic approach for sporadic Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Dhull
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Robust age, but limited sex, differences in mu-opioid receptors in the rat brain: relevance for reward and drug-seeking behaviors in juveniles. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:475-488. [PMID: 28871491 PMCID: PMC5772146 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is involved in reward-seeking behaviors and plays a pivotal role in the mediation of opioid use disorders. Furthermore, reward-seeking behaviors and susceptibility to opioid addiction are particularly evident during the juvenile period, with a higher incidence of opioid use in males and higher sensitivity to opioids in females. Despite these age and sex differences in MOR-mediated behaviors, little is known regarding potential age and sex differences in the expression of MORs in the brain. Here, we used receptor autoradiography to compare MOR binding densities between juvenile and adult male and female rats. Age differences were found in MOR binding density in 12 out of 33 brain regions analyzed, with 11 regions showing higher MOR binding density in juveniles than in adults. These include the lateral septum, as well as sub-regions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, and thalamus. Sex differences in MOR binding density were observed in only two brain regions, namely, the lateral septum (higher in males) and the posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala (higher in females). Overall, these findings provide an important foundation for the generation of hypotheses regarding differential functional roles of MOR activation in juveniles versus adults. Specifically, we discuss the possibility that higher MOR binding densities in juveniles may allow for higher MOR activation, which could facilitate behaviors that are heightened during the juvenile period, such as reward and drug-seeking behaviors.
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A Subregion of the Parabrachial Nucleus Partially Mediates Respiratory Rate Depression from Intravenous Remifentanil in Young and Adult Rabbits. Anesthesiology 2017; 127:502-514. [PMID: 28590302 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of opioid administration to reduce postoperative pain is limited by respiratory depression. We investigated whether clinically relevant opioid concentrations altered the respiratory pattern in the parabrachial nucleus, a pontine region contributing to respiratory pattern generation, and compared these effects with a medullary respiratory site, the pre-Bötzinger complex. METHODS Studies were performed in 40 young and 55 adult artificially ventilated, decerebrate rabbits. We identified an area in the parabrachial nucleus where α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid microinjections elicited tachypnea. Two protocols were performed in separate sets of animals. First, bilateral microinjections of the μ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala, N-MePhe, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (100 μM) into the "tachypneic area" determined the effect of maximal μ-opioid receptor activation. Second, respiratory rate was decreased with continuous IV infusions of remifentanil. The opioid antagonist naloxone (1 mM) was then microinjected bilaterally into the "tachypneic area" of the parabrachial nucleus to determine whether the respiratory rate depression could be locally reversed. RESULTS Average respiratory rate was 27 ± 10 breaths/min. First, [D-Ala, N-MePhe, Gly-ol]-enkephalin injections decreased respiratory rate by 62 ± 20% in young and 45 ± 26% in adult rabbits (both P < 0.001). Second, during IV remifentanil infusion, bilateral naloxone injections into the "tachypneic area" of the parabrachial nucleus reversed respiratory rate depression from 55 ± 9% to 20 ± 14% in young and from 46 ± 20% to 18 ± 27% in adult rabbits (both P < 0.001). The effects of bilateral [D-Ala, N-MePhe, Gly-ol]-enkephalin injection and IV remifentanil on respiratory phase duration in the "tachypneic area" of the parabrachial nucleus was significantly different from the pre-Bötzinger complex. CONCLUSIONS The "tachypneic area" of the parabrachial nucleus is highly sensitive to μ-opioid receptor activation and mediates part of the respiratory rate depression by clinically relevant administration of opioids.
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Wu ZY, Lu YC, Feng B, Chen YB, Bai Y, Zhang T, Zhang H, Chen T, Dong YL, Li H, Li YQ. Endomorphin-2 Decreases Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Spinal Ventral Horn of the Rat. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:55. [PMID: 28848403 PMCID: PMC5550698 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor impairment is one of the serious side-effects of morphine, which is an exogenous agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) as well as a widely used analgesic drug in clinical practice for chronic pain treatment. Endomorphins (EMs, including EM-1 and EM-2), the most effective and specific endogenous agonists of the MOR, exert more potent analgesia in acute and neuropathic pain than other opiates, such as morphine. Although EMs had fewer side-effects comparing to other opiates, motor impairment was still one unwanted reaction which limited its clinical application. In order to prevent and treat the motor impairment, it is critical to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying such locomotion disorder. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of EM-2 on the activity of motoneurons in the spinal ventral horn. First, we examine the distribution of EM-2-immunoreactive (IR) primary afferent fibers and their synaptic connections with the motoneurons innervating the skeletal muscles of the lower limb revealed by sciatic nerve retrograde tracing. The results showed that EM-2-IR fibers and terminals were sparsely observed in lamina IX and they formed symmetric synaptic connections with the motoneurons within lamina IX of the spinal ventral horn. Then, whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to observe the effects of EM-2 on the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) of motoneurons in lamina IX. The results showed that EM-2 could decrease both the frequency and amplitude of the sEPSC of the motoneurons in lamina IX, which was reversed by the MOR antagonist CTOP. These results indicate that EM-2-IR fibers originated from primary afferent fibers form symmetric synaptic connections with motoneurons innervating skeletal muscles of the lower limbs in lamina IX of the spinal ventral horn and EM-2 might exert inhibitory effects on the activities of these motoneurons through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wu
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ban Feng
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ying-Biao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Fujian Health CollegeMinhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ling Dong
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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Lichtenberg NT, Wassum KM. Amygdala mu-opioid receptors mediate the motivating influence of cue-triggered reward expectations. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:381-387. [PMID: 27862489 PMCID: PMC5293612 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental reward-predictive stimuli can retrieve from memory a specific reward expectation that allows them to motivate action and guide choice. This process requires the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but little is known about the signaling systems necessary within this structure. Here we examined the role of the neuromodulatory opioid receptor system in the BLA in such cue-directed action using the outcome-specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) test in rats. Inactivation of BLA mu-, but not delta-opioid receptors was found to dose-dependently attenuate the ability of a reward-predictive cue to selectively invigorate the performance of actions directed at the same unique predicted reward (i.e. to express outcome-specific PIT). BLA mu-opioid receptor inactivation did not affect the ability of a reward itself to similarly motivate action (outcome-specific reinstatement), suggesting a more selective role for the BLA mu-opioid receptor in the motivating influence of currently unobservable rewarding events. These data reveal a new role for BLA mu-opioid receptor activation in the cued recall of precise reward memories and the use of this information to motivate specific action plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina T Lichtenberg
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kate M Wassum
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhuang J, Gao X, Gao F, Xu F. Mu-opioid receptors in the caudomedial NTS are critical for respiratory responses to stimulation of bronchopulmonary C-fibers and carotid body in conscious rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 235:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Naloxone blocks the aversive effects of electrical stimulation of the parabrachial complex in a place discrimination task. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 136:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Fu R, Chen X, Zuo W, Li J, Kang S, Zhou LH, Siegel A, Bekker A, Ye JH. Ablation of μ opioid receptor-expressing GABA neurons in rostromedial tegmental nucleus increases ethanol consumption and regulates ethanol-related behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:58-67. [PMID: 26921770 PMCID: PMC4912850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), given its potential regulatory role in many aversion-related behaviors. The RMTg contains mostly GABAergic neurons, sends a dense inhibitory projection to dopamine neurons in the midbrain, and is rich with μ-opioid receptors (MOR). Like most addictive drugs, ethanol has both aversive and rewarding properties. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of ethanol, particularly the aversive effect that limits its intake are not well understood. Recent studies have linked aversion with synaptic inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. To determine a potential role that the RMTg plays in the effect of ethanol, in this study, we employed a neurotoxin, dermorphin-saporin (DS), to lesion RMTg neurons prior to assessing ethanol-related behaviors. Rats were infused with DS bilaterally into the RMTg. This manipulation substantially increased the intake and preference for ethanol but not sucrose. It also reduced the number of neurons with MOR and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactivity within the RMTg. These changes did not occur after intra-RMTg infusion of blank saporin or vehicle. Importantly, intra-RMTg DS infusion significantly enhanced expression of conditioned place preference induced by ethanol (2 g/kg, i.p.), and slowed the extinction process. These results suggest that MOR-expressing GABAergic neurons in the RMTg contribute significantly to the regulation of ethanol consumption and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, (LHZ)
| | - Allan Siegel
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, (RF, XC, WZ, JL, SK, AB JHY), Psychiatry (AS) Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Liu CY, Lee ML, Yang CS, Chen CM, Min MY, Yang HW. Morphological and physiological evidence of a synaptic connection between the lateral parabrachial nucleus and neurons in the A7 catecholamine cell group in rats. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:79. [PMID: 26385355 PMCID: PMC4575445 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The descending noradrenergic (NAergic) system is one of the important endogenous analgesia systems. It has been suggested that noxious stimuli could activate descending NAergic system; nevertheless, the underlying neuronal circuit remains unclear. As NAergic neurons in the A7 catecholamine cell group (A7) are a part of the descending NAergic system and the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) is an important brainstem structure that relays ascending nociceptive signal, we aimed to test whether LPB neurons have direct synaptic contact with NAergic A7 neurons. RESULTS Stereotaxic injections of an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran-amine (BDA), were administered to LPB in rats. The BDA-labeled axonal terminals that have physical contacts with tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (presumed noadrenergic) neurons were identified in A7. Consistent with these morphological observations, the excitatory synaptic currents (EPSCs) were readily evoked in NAergic A7 neurons by extracellular stimulation of LPB. The EPSCs evoked by LPB stimulation were blocked by CNQX, a non-NMDA receptor blocker, and AP5, a selective NMDA receptor blocker, showing that LPB-A7 synaptic transmission is glutamatergic. Moreover, the amplitude of LPB-A7 EPSCs was significantly attenuated by DAMGO, a selective μ-opioid receptor agonist, which was associated with an increase in paired-pulse ratio. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the above results showed direct synaptic connections between LPB and A7 catecholamine cell group, the function of which is subject to presynaptic modulation by μ-opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Lam Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Chien-Kuo N. Rd, Sec. 1, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Sheng Yang
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, and the iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yuan Min
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Wen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Chien-Kuo N. Rd, Sec. 1, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Laurent V, Morse AK, Balleine BW. The role of opioid processes in reward and decision-making. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:449-59. [PMID: 24930675 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Contemporary theories emphasize the involvement of the endogenous opioid system in assigning hedonic values to rewards. Although earlier research supports this view, recent findings suggest that opioids play a larger and more complex role in reward processes than these theories suggest. For example, opioid activity in the basolateral amygdala is required for encoding incentive learning, a process by which the value of goal-directed actions is updated. Outside the amygdala, opioid receptors in the ventral striatum have been found to promote choice between different courses of action. Specifically, μ opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens core and δ opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell have been reported to mediate distinct aspects of incentive motivation; the core regulating the effect of experienced reward and the shell of predicted reward on choice. In both cases, the involvement of opioid receptors was restricted to the time of choice, although changes in their expression pattern could be observed prior to that point. This time-restricted involvement of opioid receptor-related processes is consistent with the view that opioids in the nucleus accumbens are central components of the limbic-motor interface, integrating reward-related information with instrumental learning to guide decision-making, particularly the selection and execution of goal-directed actions. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laurent
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bianchi E, Menicacci C, Ghelardini C. Dual effect of morphine in long-term social memory in rat. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 168:1786-93. [PMID: 23171436 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bimodal dose-response relationships have been demonstrated in animals and humans following morphine administration. We examined if systemic administration of morphine, in extremely low (μg) and high (mg, analgesic) doses, changed the learning process. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the social learning test, an adult rat investigates a juvenile. The juvenile is submitted to a second encounter after a few days and investigation by the adult should be reduced. Morphine was administered before the first encounter between rats, and the critical test was performed 24, 72 or 168 h later, when animals were re-exposed to each other, in the absence of morphine. KEY RESULTS Low doses of morphine, comparable with endogenous brain concentrations, enhanced long-term memory recognition; while high doses did the reverse, indicating the adult failed to recognize the juvenile. Recognition of a familiar rat appeared to be mediated within the brain accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) by an opioid system intrinsic to the olfactory system through μ-opioid receptors (MORs). At this supraspinal site, the PLC/PKC signalling pathway was activated by extremely low morphine doses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Morphine treatment administration may either disrupt or facilitate social memory, depending on the dose, extending to memory formation the bimodal effects of morphine previously shown in pain. Social memory formation elicited by extremely low morphine doses, was mediated within the AOB by an opioid system, intrinsic to the olfactory system through MORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bianchi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Zhang J, Muller JF, McDonald AJ. Mu opioid receptor localization in the basolateral amygdala: An ultrastructural analysis. Neuroscience 2015; 303:352-63. [PMID: 26164501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Receptor binding studies have shown that the density of mu opioid receptors (MORs) in the basolateral amygdala is among the highest in the brain. Activation of these receptors in the basolateral amygdala is critical for stress-induced analgesia, memory consolidation of aversive events, and stress adaptation. Despite the importance of MORs in these stress-related functions, little is known about the neural circuits that are modulated by amygdalar MORs. In the present investigation light and electron microscopy combined with immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of MORs in the anterior basolateral nucleus (BLa). At the light microscopic level, light to moderate MOR-immunoreactivity (MOR-ir) was observed in a small number of cell bodies of nonpyramidal interneurons and in a small number of processes and puncta in the neuropil. At the electron microscopic level most MOR-ir was observed in dendritic shafts, dendritic spines, and axon terminals. MOR-ir was also observed in the Golgi apparatus of the cell bodies of pyramidal neurons (PNs) and interneurons. Some of the MOR-positive (MOR+) dendrites were spiny, suggesting that they belonged to PNs, while others received multiple asymmetrical synapses typical of interneurons. The great majority of MOR+ axon terminals (80%) that formed synapses made asymmetrical (excitatory) synapses; their main targets were spines, including some that were MOR+. The main targets of symmetrical (inhibitory and/or neuromodulatory) synapses were dendritic shafts, many of which were MOR+, but some of these terminals formed synapses with somata or spines. All of our observations were consistent with the few electrophysiological studies which have been performed on MOR activation in the basolateral amygdala. Collectively, these findings suggest that MORs may be important for filtering out weak excitatory inputs to PNs, allowing only strong inputs or synchronous inputs to influence pyramidal neuronal firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - J F Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - A J McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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Chen YB, Huang FS, Fen B, Yin JB, Wang W, Li YQ. Inhibitory effects of endomorphin-2 on excitatory synaptic transmission and the neuronal excitability of sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in young rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:206. [PMID: 26074773 PMCID: PMC4446531 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the urinary bladder is partly controlled by parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PPNs) of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN). Our recent work demonstrated that endomorphin-2 (EM-2)-immunoreactive (IR) terminals form synapses with μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-expressing PPNs in the rat SPN. Here, we examined the effects of EM-2 on excitatory synaptic transmission and the neuronal excitability of the PPNs in young rats (24–30 days old) using a whole-cell patch-clamp approach. PPNs were identified by retrograde labeling with the fluorescent tracer tetramethylrhodamine-dextran (TMR). EM-2 (3 μM) markedly decreased both the amplitude and the frequency of the spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) of PPNs. EM-2 not only decreased the resting membrane potentials (RMPs) in 61.1% of the examined PPNs with half-maximal response at the concentration of 0.282 μM, but also increased the rheobase current and reduced the repetitive action potential firing of PPNs. Analysis of the current–voltage relationship revealed that the EM-2-induced current was reversed at −95 ± 2.5 mV and was suppressed by perfusion of the potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or BaCl2 or by the addition of guanosine 5′-[β-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt (GDP-β-S) to the pipette solution, suggesting the involvement of the G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel. The above EM-2-invoked inhibitory effects were abolished by the MOR selective antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), indicating that the effects of EM-2 on PPNs were mediated by MOR via pre- and/or post-synaptic mechanisms. EM-2 activated pre- and post-synaptic MORs, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminals and decreasing the excitability of PPNs due to hyperpolarization of their membrane potentials, respectively. These inhibitory effects of EM-2 on PPNs at the spinal cord level may explain the mechanism of action of morphine treatment and morphine-induced bladder dysfunction in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Biao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, China
| | - Fen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China ; Division of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ban Fen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Bin Yin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, China ; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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Pačesová D, Volfová B, Červená K, Hejnová L, Novotný J, Bendová Z. Acute morphine affects the rat circadian clock via rhythms of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and GSK3β kinases and Per1 expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3638-49. [PMID: 25828914 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Opioids affect the circadian clock and may change the timing of many physiological processes. This study was undertaken to investigate the daily changes in sensitivity of the circadian pacemaker to an analgesic dose of morphine, and to uncover a possible interplay between circadian and opioid signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A time-dependent effect of morphine (1 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) applied either during the day or during the early night was followed, and the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, GSK3β, c-Fos and Per genes were assessed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The effect of morphine pretreatment on light-induced pERK and c-Fos was examined, and day/night difference in activity of opioid receptors was evaluated by [(35) S]-GTPγS binding assay. KEY RESULTS Morphine stimulated a rise in pERK1/2 and pGSK3β levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) when applied during the day but significantly reduced both kinases when applied during the night. Morphine at night transiently induced Period1 but not Period2 in the SCN and did not attenuate the light-induced level of pERK1/2 and c-Fos in the SCN. The activity of all three principal opioid receptors was high during the day but decreased significantly at night, except for the δ receptor. Finally, we demonstrated daily profiles of pERK1/2 and pGSK3β levels in the rat ventrolateral and dorsomedial SCN. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that the phase-shifting effect of opioids may be mediated via post-translational modification of clock proteins by means of activated ERK1/2 and GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbora Volfová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucie Hejnová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Chen T, Li J, Feng B, Hui R, Dong YL, Huo FQ, Zhang T, Yin JB, Du JQ, Li YQ. Mechanism Underlying the Analgesic Effect Exerted by Endomorphin-1 in the rat Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2036-2053. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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