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Tomkins O, Leblond V, Lunn MP, Viala K, Weil DR, D'Sa S. Investigation and Management of Immunoglobulin M- and Waldenström-Associated Peripheral Neuropathies. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:761-776. [PMID: 37385714 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin M (IgM)-associated peripheral neuropathies (PN) are a heterogeneous group of disorders representing most paraproteinemic neuropathy cases. They are associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Establishing a causal link between a paraprotein and neuropathy can be challenging but is necessary to adopt an appropriate therapeutic approach. The most common type of IgM-PN is Antimyelin-Associated-Glycoprotein neuropathy, but half of the cases are of other causes. Progressive functional impairment is an indication for treatment, even when the underlying disorder is IgM MGUS, involving either rituximab monotherapy or combination chemotherapy to achieve clinical stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Tomkins
- Department of Haematology, Centre for Waldenströms Macroglobulinaemia and Related Conditions, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK. https://twitter.com/tomkinsoliver
| | - Veronique Leblond
- Department of Haematology, Sorbonne University and Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Michael P Lunn
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karine Viala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sorbonne University and Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Damien Roos Weil
- Department of Haematology, Sorbonne University and Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Shirley D'Sa
- Department of Haematology, Centre for Waldenströms Macroglobulinaemia and Related Conditions, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK.
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2
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Oganesyan A, Gregory A, Malard F, Ghahramanyan N, Mohty M, Kazandjian D, Mekinian A, Hakobyan Y. Monoclonal gammopathies of clinical significance (MGCS): In pursuit of optimal treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045002. [PMID: 36505449 PMCID: PMC9728929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) represents a new clinical entity referring to a myriad of pathological conditions associated with the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The establishment of MGCS expands our current understanding of the pathophysiology of a range of diseases, in which the M protein is often found. Aside from the kidney, the three main organ systems most affected by monoclonal gammopathy include the peripheral nervous system, skin, and eye. The optimal management of these MGUS-related conditions is not known yet due to the paucity of clinical data, the rarity of some syndromes, and limited awareness among healthcare professionals. Currently, two main treatment approaches exist. The first one resembles the now-established therapeutic strategy for monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), in which chemotherapy with anti-myeloma agents is used to target clonal lesion that is thought to be the culprit of the complex clinical presentation. The second approach includes various systemic immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive options, including intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, or biological agents. Although some conditions of the MGCS spectrum can be effectively managed with therapies aiming at the etiology or pathogenesis of the disease, evidence regarding other pathologies is severely limited to individual patient data from case reports or series. Future research should pursue filling the gap in knowledge and finding the optimal treatment for this novel clinical category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Oganesyan
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia,Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia,*Correspondence: Artem Oganesyan,
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Florent Malard
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Nerses Ghahramanyan
- Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Myeloma Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Department of Internal Medicine (DMU i3), Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France,French-Armenian Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Yervand Hakobyan
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia,Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
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3
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Chen Y, Tang X. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy in Association With Concomitant Diseases: Identification and Management. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890142. [PMID: 35860284 PMCID: PMC9289227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare, heterogeneous, but treatable autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy characterized by demyelination. CIDP can occur independently or simultaneously with a variety of diseases such as diabetes, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), connective tissue disease, and HIV. It is important to identify CIDP and specific peripheral neuropathies caused by these diseases; this review aims to summarize the CIDP literatures related to diabetes, MGUS, SLE, and HIV, and to be helpful for the management of such patients.
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Treatment of Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205131. [PMID: 34680279 PMCID: PMC8533809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) is a recently recognized clinical-pathological entity. Symptoms are caused by the presence of a monoclonal protein leading to high comorbidity. The affected organs vary according to the target antigen However, as most of the knowledge relies on case reports or short series; there is a lack of consensus regarding treatment approach. Here, we discuss MGCS other than renal (skin, ocular, neurologic, and bleeding disorders). We provide insights into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up based on clinical cases. Finally, we discuss future directions in this field, such as potential novel therapeutic targets and prognosis of patients with MGCS. Abstract Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is defined as the presence of a monoclonal protein (M-protein) produced by a small amount of plasma cells. The majority of patients remain asymptomatic; however, a fraction of them develop clinical manifestations related to the monoclonal gammopathy despite not fulfilling criteria of multiple myeloma or other lymphoproliferative disorder. These patients constitute an emerging clinical issue coined as monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS). The mechanisms involved are poorly understood, and literature is scarce regarding management. The clinical spectrum involves symptoms related to renal, neurologic, skin, ocular, or bleeding manifestations, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment strategies rely on the basis of symptomatic disease and the M-protein isotype. In this review, we focus on MGCS other than renal, as the latter was earliest recognized and better known. We review the literature and discuss management from diagnosis to treatment based on illustrative cases from daily practice.
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5
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Van den Bergh PYK, van Doorn PA, Hadden RDM, Avau B, Vankrunkelsven P, Allen JA, Attarian S, Blomkwist-Markens PH, Cornblath DR, Eftimov F, Goedee HS, Harbo T, Kuwabara S, Lewis RA, Lunn MP, Nobile-Orazio E, Querol L, Rajabally YA, Sommer C, Topaloglu HA. European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint Task Force-Second revision. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3556-3583. [PMID: 34327760 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To revise the 2010 consensus guideline on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). METHODS Seventeen disease experts, a patient representative, and two Cochrane methodologists constructed 12 Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome (PICO) questions regarding diagnosis and treatment to guide the literature search. Data were extracted and summarized in GRADE summary of findings (for treatment PICOs) or evidence tables (for diagnostic PICOs). RESULTS Statements were prepared according to the GRADE Evidence-to-Decision frameworks. Typical CIDP and CIDP variants were distinguished. The previous term "atypical CIDP" was replaced by "CIDP variants" because these are well characterized entities (multifocal, focal, distal, motor, or sensory CIDP). The levels of diagnostic certainty were reduced from three (definite, probable, possible CIDP) to only two (CIDP and possible CIDP), because the diagnostic accuracy of criteria for probable and definite CIDP did not significantly differ. Good Practice Points were formulated for supportive criteria and investigations to be considered to diagnose CIDP. The principal treatment recommendations were: (a) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids are strongly recommended as initial treatment in typical CIDP and CIDP variants; (b) plasma exchange is strongly recommended if IVIg and corticosteroids are ineffective; (c) IVIg should be considered as first-line treatment in motor CIDP (Good Practice Point); (d) for maintenance treatment, IVIg, subcutaneous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids are recommended; (e) if the maintenance dose of any of these is high, consider either combination treatments or adding an immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drug (Good Practice Point); and (f) if pain is present, consider drugs against neuropathic pain and multidisciplinary management (Good Practice Point).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y K Van den Bergh
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter A van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bert Avau
- Cochrane Belgium, CEBAM, Leuven, Belgium and CEBaP, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Jeffrey A Allen
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et de la SLA, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - David R Cornblath
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Stephan Goedee
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Harbo
- Department of Neurology, Århus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Department of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Querol
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit-Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yusuf A Rajabally
- Regional Neuromuscular Service, Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Abstract
Paraproteinaemic neuropathies comprise a heterogeneous group of neuro-haematological conditions with some distinct neurological, haematological and systemic phenotypes. The spectrum of disease varies from mild to severe, indolent to rapidly progressive and from small fibre sensory involvement to dramatic sensorimotor deficits. The haematological association may be overlooked, resulting in delayed treatment, disability, impaired quality of life and increased mortality. However, the presence of an irrelevant benign paraprotein can sometimes lead to inappropriate treatment. In this review, we outline our practical approach to paraproteinaemic disorders, discuss the utility and limitations of diagnostic tests and the distinctive clinical phenotypes and touch on the complex multidisciplinary management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia S Carroll
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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7
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Van den Bergh PYK, van Doorn PA, Hadden RDM, Avau B, Vankrunkelsven P, Allen JA, Attarian S, Blomkwist-Markens PH, Cornblath DR, Eftimov F, Goedee HS, Harbo T, Kuwabara S, Lewis RA, Lunn MP, Nobile-Orazio E, Querol L, Rajabally YA, Sommer C, Topaloglu HA. European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint Task Force-Second revision. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:242-268. [PMID: 34085743 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To revise the 2010 consensus guideline on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Seventeen disease experts, a patient representative, and two Cochrane methodologists constructed 12 Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome (PICO) questions regarding diagnosis and treatment to guide the literature search. Data were extracted and summarized in GRADE summary of findings (for treatment PICOs) or evidence tables (for diagnostic PICOs). Statements were prepared according to the GRADE Evidence-to-Decision frameworks. Typical CIDP and CIDP variants were distinguished. The previous term "atypical CIDP" was replaced by "CIDP variants" because these are well characterized entities (multifocal, focal, distal, motor, or sensory CIDP). The levels of diagnostic certainty were reduced from three (definite, probable, possible CIDP) to only two (CIDP and possible CIDP), because the diagnostic accuracy of criteria for probable and definite CIDP did not significantly differ. Good Practice Points were formulated for supportive criteria and investigations to be considered to diagnose CIDP. The principal treatment recommendations were: (a) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids are strongly recommended as initial treatment in typical CIDP and CIDP variants; (b) plasma exchange is strongly recommended if IVIg and corticosteroids are ineffective; (c) IVIg should be considered as first-line treatment in motor CIDP (Good Practice Point); (d) for maintenance treatment, IVIg, subcutaneous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids are recommended; (e) if the maintenance dose of any of these is high, consider either combination treatments or adding an immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drug (Good Practice Point); and (f) if pain is present, consider drugs against neuropathic pain and multidisciplinary management (Good Practice Point).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y K Van den Bergh
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter A van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bert Avau
- Cochrane Belgium, CEBAM, Leuven, Belgium and CEBaP, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Jeffrey A Allen
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et de la SLA, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - David R Cornblath
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Stephan Goedee
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Harbo
- Department of Neurology, Århus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Department of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Querol
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit-Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yusuf A Rajabally
- Regional Neuromuscular Service, Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Goedee HS, Notermans NC, Visser LH, van Asseldonk JTH, Franssen H, Vrancken AFJE, Nikolakopoulos S, van den Berg LH, van der Pol WL. Neuropathy associated with immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy: A combined sonographic and nerve conduction study. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:263-270. [PMID: 31269243 PMCID: PMC6771847 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We assessed the specific sonographic pattern of structural nerve abnormalities in immunoglobulin M (IgM) neuropathy and disease controls. Methods We enrolled 106 incident patients—32 patients with IgM neuropathy, 42 treatment‐naive patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and 32 patients with axonal neuropathies. All patients underwent standardized ancillary testing in addition to standardized sonography of the brachial plexus and the large arm and leg nerves bilaterally. Results We found widespread nerve enlargement in IgM neuropathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), with specific enlargement of brachial plexus and proximal segments of median nerve but not in axonal disease controls (P < .001). Sonographic nerve hypertrophy in IgM neuropathy was not associated with nerve conduction, clinical, or laboratory characteristics. Discussion Immunoglobulin M neuropathy is characterized by widespread nerve enlargement indistinguishable from CIDP. Our data provide evidence to confirm that the disease process is not confined to the more distal parts of nerves in either classical demyelinating or axonal variants of neuropathy with associated IgM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stephan Goedee
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette C Notermans
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo H Visser
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hessel Franssen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander F J E Vrancken
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stavros Nikolakopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Ludo van der Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ricci L, Luigetti M, Florio L, Capone F, Di Lazzaro V. Causes of chronic neuropathies: a single-center experience. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1611-1617. [PMID: 31001716 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic neuropathies are a common cause of neurological disability worldwide. However, few reports have evaluated, in real life, the prevalence of the several conditions which can cause it. PATIENTS AND METHODS The authors reviewed informatic database for outpatient office to confirm identification of chronic neuropathy in a 3-year interval period. RESULTS Among the 100 selected patients with chronic neuropathies, almost one fifth (19%) remained idiopathic. The most common etiologies were diabetes (17%), dysimmune neuropathies (38%), and vitamin B12 deficiency (9%). In the "dysimmune neuropathies" group, we distinguished various etiologies, including dysimmune neuropathies associated or not with systemic autoimmune diseases (7 and 3%, respectively), chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (CIDP) (8%), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (3%), paraproteinemic (8%), celiac disease-related (6%), and paraneoplastic (3%) neuropathies. CONCLUSIONS In this report from a single neurological center, treatable causes of chronic neuropathies, such as dysimmune neuropathies, including CIDP, and celiac disease-associated neuropathy, were common. These findings suggest the utility of routine screening with blood testing for dysimmune neuropathy and celiac disease for all patients presenting with idiopathic chronic polyneuropathy in whom primary diagnostic testings had failed to identify an etiology for the disease. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that patients with peripheral neuropathy could receive a benefit from being evaluated routinely in a specialized neurological center, as many of the conditions that were discovered represented potentially treatable causes of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Luigetti
- IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Florio
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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10
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Falzone YM, Campagnolo M, Bianco M, Dacci P, Martinelli D, Ruiz M, Bocci S, Cerri F, Quattrini A, Comi G, Benedetti L, Giannini F, Lauria G, Nobile-Orazio E, Briani C, Fazio R, Riva N. Functioning and quality of life in patients with neuropathy associated with anti-MAG antibodies. J Neurol 2018; 265:2927-2933. [PMID: 30306264 PMCID: PMC6244677 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody neuropathy is reported as a slowly progressive disease, it can lead to significant disability and impairment of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and social participation. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the functioning and HR-QoL determinants in 67 patients with anti-MAG neuropathy in terms of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Evaluations included: Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score, Sensory Modality Sum score (SMS), Berg balance scale (BBS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), 6-min Walk Distance (6MWD), Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) and the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the short-form-36 health status scale (SF-36) HR-QoL measure. In the regression models, 6MWD was the most reliable predictor of PCS, explaining the 52% of its variance, while the strongest determinants of 6MWD were BBS and FSS, explaining the 41% of its variance. Consistently, VAS and BBS were good predictor of PCS, explaining together 54% of its variance. FSS was the most reliable determinant of MCS, explaining 25% of its variance. SMS and MRC were not QoL determinants. The results of our study suggest that 6MWD and FSS might be considered as potential meaningful outcome measures in future clinical trials. Furthermore, neurorehabilitation interventions aimed at improving balance and walking performance, fatigue management, and specific pain relief therapy should be considered to ameliorate participation in social life and HR-QoL in anti-MAG neuropathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M Falzone
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Campagnolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariangela Bianco
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dacci
- Neurologia III, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Martinelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ruiz
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bocci
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Cerri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Benedetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Giannini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Neurologia III, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fazio
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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D'Sa S, Kersten MJ, Castillo JJ, Dimopoulos M, Kastritis E, Laane E, Leblond V, Merlini G, Treon SP, Vos JM, Lunn MP. Investigation and management of IgM and Waldenström-associated peripheral neuropathies: recommendations from the IWWM-8 consensus panel. Br J Haematol 2017; 176:728-742. [PMID: 28198999 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paraproteinaemic neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders most frequently associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathies including Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM). Their consequences are significant for affected patients, and their management challenging for their physicians. The variability in clinical presentation and time course hamper classification and management. The indications for invasive investigations such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis, nerve conduction tests and sensory nerve biopsies are unclear, and the optimum way to measure clinical response to treatment unknown. When to intervene and and how to treat, also present challenges to physicians. As part of its latest deliberations at the International Workshops on WM (IWWM) in London, UK (August 2014), the IWWM8 panel have proposed a consensus approach to the diagnosis and management of peripheral neuropathies associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathies, including WM. Importantly, a consensus regarding the use of clinical outcome measures and recommended models of care for this group of patients is discussed, as well as appropriate treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley D'Sa
- Waldenström Clinic, Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Department of Haematology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meletios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Edward Laane
- Department of Haematology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Véronique Leblond
- AP-HP Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, UPMC Univ. Paris 6 GRC-11, Grechy, Paris, France
| | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Centre for Research and Treatment of Systemic Amyloidosis, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josephine M Vos
- Department of Haematology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Centre, Sint Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Galassi G, Tondelli M, Ariatti A, Benuzzi F, Nichelli P, Valzania F. Long-term disability and prognostic factors in polyneuropathy associated with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibodies. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:439-447. [PMID: 27188752 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1191013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy (MGUS) represents distinctive clinical syndrome, characterized by male predominance, late age of onset, slow progression, predominantly sensory symptoms, deep sensory loss, ataxia, minor motor impairment. More than 50% of patients with neuropathy-associated MGUS possess antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Purpose of our study was to assess effects on disease progression of demographic, clinical and neurophysiological variables in our large cohort of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three Caucasians patients were followed every eight months for median duration time of 93 months. Extremity strength was assessed with Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale, disability with overall disability status scale (ODSS), modified Rankin Scale and sensory function with Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) sensory scale (ISS). Statistical analyses were conducted with parametric or non-parametric measures as appropriate. Survival analysis was used to test predictive value of clinical, demographical and neurophysiological variables. Variance analysis was conducted to explain difference on MRC between patients and groups at different time from onset. RESULTS Results showed that demyelinating pattern, older age and absence of treatment were significant risk factors for disability worsening. No other factors emerged as predictors including gender, ataxia and tremor at baseline, level of anti-MAG and IgM protein concentration in serum. Despite worsening of all outcome measures between first and last visit, quality of life (HRQol) judged by patients did not vary significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that electrophysiologic pattern, age of onset and absence of treatment are strong predictor of prognosis in anti-MAG polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Galassi
- a Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science , University of Modena & Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Manuela Tondelli
- a Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science , University of Modena & Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Alessandra Ariatti
- a Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science , University of Modena & Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Francesca Benuzzi
- a Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science , University of Modena & Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Paolo Nichelli
- a Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science , University of Modena & Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- a Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science , University of Modena & Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
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Stork ACJ, Lunn MPT, Nobile‐Orazio E, Notermans NC. Treatment for IgG and IgA paraproteinaemic neuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD005376. [PMID: 25803231 PMCID: PMC6781839 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005376.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraproteinaemic neuropathy refers to those neuropathies associated with a monoclonal gammopathy or paraprotein. The most common of these present with a chronic, predominantly sensory, symmetrical neuropathy, similar to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) but with relatively more sensory involvement, both clinically and neurophysiologically. The optimal treatment for neuropathies associated with IgG and IgA monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance is not known. This is an update of a review first published in 2007. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of any treatment for IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic peripheral neuropathy. SEARCH METHODS On 18 January 2014 we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE. We also checked bibliographies for controlled trials of treatments for IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic peripheral neuropathy. We checked clinical trials registries for ongoing studies in November 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered for inclusion randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs using any treatment for IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic peripheral neuropathy. We excluded people with IgM paraproteins. We excluded people where the monoclonal gammopathy was considered secondary to an underlying disorder. We included participants of any age with a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance with a paraprotein of the IgG or IgA class and a neuropathy. Included participants were not required to fulfil specific electrophysiological diagnostic criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodology to select studies, extract data and analyse results. One trial author provided additional data and clarification. MAIN RESULTS We identified one RCT, with 18 participants, that fulfilled the predetermined inclusion criteria. The trial compared plasma exchange to sham plasma exchange in participants with IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic neuropathy over a three-week follow-up period. We identified four other studies but these were not RCTs or quasi-RCTs. The included RCT did not report our predefined primary outcome measure, change in disability six months after randomisation. The trial revealed a modest benefit of plasma exchange in the weakness component of the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS, now the Neuropathy Impairment Score); the mean improvement with plasma exchange was 17 points (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2 to 28.8 points) versus 1 point (95% CI -7.7 to 9.7 points) in the sham exchange group at three weeks' follow-up (mean difference (MD) 16.00; 95% CI 1.37 to 30.63, low quality evidence). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall NDS (MD 18.00; 95% CI -2.03 to 38.03, low quality evidence), vibration thresholds or neurophysiological indices. Adverse events were not reported. The trial was at low risk of bias overall, although limitations of trial size and duration reduce the quality of the evidence in support of its conclusions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence from RCTs for the treatment of IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic neuropathy is currently inadequate. More RCTs of treatments are required. These should have adequate follow-up periods and contain larger numbers of participants, perhaps through multicentre collaboration, considering the relative infrequency of this condition. Observational or open trial data provide limited support for the use of treatments such as plasma exchange, cyclophosphamide combined with prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and corticosteroids. These interventions show potential therapeutic promise but the potential benefits must be weighed against adverse effects. Their optimal use and the long-term benefits need to be considered and validated with well-designed RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham CJ Stork
- University Medical Center UtrechtBrain Center Rudolf MagnusUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Michael PT Lunn
- National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryDepartment of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesQueen SquareLondonUKWC1N 3BG
| | - Eduardo Nobile‐Orazio
- Milan UniversityIRCCS Humanitas Clinical Institute, Neurology 2Istituto Clinico HumanitasVia Manzoni 56, RozzanoMilanItaly20089
| | - Nicolette C Notermans
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center UtrechtDepartment of NeurologyHeidelberglaan 100UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands3584 CX
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Talamo G, Mir MA, Pandey MK, Sivik JK, Raheja D. IgM MGUS associated with anti-MAG neuropathy: a single institution experience. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1011-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Raheja D, Specht C, Simmons Z. Paraproteinemic neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 2014; 51:1-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divisha Raheja
- Department of Neurology; Penn State Hershey Medical Center; EC 037, 30 Hope Drive Hershey Pennsylvania 17033 USA
| | - Charles Specht
- Department of Neurology; Penn State Hershey Medical Center; EC 037, 30 Hope Drive Hershey Pennsylvania 17033 USA
- Department of Pathology; Penn State Hershey Medical Center; Hershey Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; Penn State Hershey Medical Center; Hershey Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Neurosurgery; Penn State Hershey Medical Center; Hershey Pennsylvania USA
| | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology; Penn State Hershey Medical Center; EC 037, 30 Hope Drive Hershey Pennsylvania 17033 USA
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Multifocal motor neuropathy, multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy, and other chronic acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy variants. Neurol Clin 2013; 31:533-55. [PMID: 23642723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic acquired demyelinating neuropathies (CADP) constitute an important group of immune neuromuscular disorders affecting myelin. This article discusses CADP with emphasis on multifocal motor neuropathy, multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy, distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy, and less common variants. Although each of these entities has distinctive laboratory and electrodiagnostic features that aid in their diagnosis, clinical characteristics are of paramount importance in diagnosing specific conditions and determining the most appropriate therapies. Knowledge regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of these disorders continues to expand, resulting in improved opportunities for identification and treatment.
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Gruson B, Ghomari K, Beaumont M, Garidi R, Just A, Merle P, Merlusca L, Marolleau JP, Royer B. Long-term response to rituximab and fludarabine combination in IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2011; 16:180-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2011.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Larue S, Bombelli F, Viala K, Neil J, Maisonobe T, Bouche P, Musset L, Fournier E, Léger JM. Non-anti-MAG DADS neuropathy as a variant of CIDP: clinical, electrophysiological, laboratory features and response to treatment in 10 cases. Eur J Neurol 2010; 18:899-905. [PMID: 21199182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Some patients within the spectrum of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (CIDP) have distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy, usually associated with anti-myelin-associated-glycoprotein (MAG) IgM monoclonal gammopathy. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate patients with DADS neuropathy without anti-MAG antibodies, and study their response to immunotherapy. METHODS Patients were selected on the basis of (i) 'Definite CIDP' according to the EFNS/PNS Guideline criteria, (ii) The presence of disproportionately prolonged motor latencies resulting in a terminal latency index (TLI) ≤ 0.25 in at least two motor nerves and (iii) The absence of anti-MAG antibodies on ELISA. Response to immunotherapy was defined as persistent improvement by at least one point on the INCAT disability score. RESULTS Data from 146 CIDP patients were analysed, and 10 patients were included. Six had clinically pure sensory neuropathy, and four had sensorimotor neuropathy. Ataxia was present in nine patients, generalized areflexia in seven and postural tremor in two. Five of the 10 patients had abnormal sensory potentials only in the upper limbs. An associated condition was found in nine patients: two chronic lymphocytic leukaemias, four IgG monoclonal gammopathies (one associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) and two IgM monoclonal gammopathies of unknown significance. Patients were mostly improved with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), corticosteroids, plasma exchanges, or a combination thereof. CONCLUSION DADS neuropathy without anti-MAG antibodies is more likely to be considered a variant of CIDP. In addition, such patients should be systematically investigated for an associated haematological or immunological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larue
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière and Université Paris VI, Paris, France
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Pupil-involving third nerve palsy as a manifestation of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2010; 31:29-33. [PMID: 21164358 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0b013e3181f2e27a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 56-year-old man developed a pupil-involving left third nerve palsy. Imaging studies of the brain and intracranial vessels were normal. Neurological examination demonstrated a sensory polyneuropathy and mild distal weakness. Nerve conduction studies showed prolonged distal motor latencies. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test detected high titers of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibodies. The patient improved with prednisone and rituximab treatment. Anti-MAG neuropathy should be considered when evaluating a patient with an undiagnosed cranial neuropathy, especially in the setting of a sensory neuropathy.
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European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline* on management of paraproteinemic demyelinating neuropathies. Report of a Joint Task Force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Socie. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2010; 15:185-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2010.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luan X, Zheng R, Chen B, Yuan Y. Childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with nonuniform pathologic features. Pediatr Neurol 2010; 43:103-9. [PMID: 20610120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonuniform pathologic changes in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were previously reported only in adult humans. We analyzed the pathologic features of 12 children, aged 2-17 years, with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Six patients manifested a preceding illness. Five patients presented a chronic, monophasic course, and seven presented a relapsing-remitting course. Three patients exhibited multiple cranial-nerve involvement. Five of 12 (41.7%) patients presented nonuniform features. Two subtypes of nonuniform lesions were revealed. One exhibited varying myelinated fiber content between nerve fascicles, and one exhibited onion bulbs involving a variable number of fascicles. Macrophages were evident in 11 patients, and the number of CD3-positive T cells in the nonuniform group was greater compared with the uniform group (P = 0.045). Our results demonstrate that childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy exhibits pathologically nonuniform features, thus providing more evidence to assist in differential diagnoses of pediatric patients. However, clinical and electrophysiologic features, as well as responses to treatment, were similar in the nonuniform and uniform groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Luan
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Vrethem M, Reiser N, Lauermann C, Svanborg E. Polyneuropathy associated with IgM vs IgG monoclonal gammopathy: comparison between clinical and electrophysiological findings. Acta Neurol Scand 2010; 122:52-7. [PMID: 20003083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy (IgM-MG) is regarded as a sensorimotor, mainly demyelinating neuropathy. It is not fully known whether the neuropathy in IgG-MG is caused by the same mechanisms and shows the same electrophysiological characteristics. We aimed at making a comparison between clinical and neurophysiological findings in these two conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients with IgM-associated neuropathy [18 with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) antibodies] were compared with 15 age-matched patients with IgG-associated neuropathy. RESULTS Patients with IgM-associated neuropathy (especially those with anti-MAG antibodies) had significantly clinically more severe disabilities with involvement of both motor and sensory functions compared with patients with IgG-associated neuropathy in whom clinical sensory disturbances were more prominent than motor dysfunction. Motor and sensory conduction velocities were significantly lower and distal latencies significantly longer in the IgM group than in the IgG group concerning the median, ulnar and peroneal nerves. Fifty-four per cent of the patients in the IgM group did not present a sensory response of the median nerve vs 13% in the IgG group. There was also a significant difference concerning absent responses from the peroneal and sural nerves in the IgM vs IgG group (peroneal: 48% vs 13%, sural: 88% vs 27%). CONCLUSION Polyneuropathy associated with IgM-MG, especially when associated with anti-MAG antibodies, appears to have more of a demyelinating involvement that meets the criteria for demyelination. This was not as clear in those associated with IgG. The IgG neuropathy showed less and milder deficit in the electrophysiological studies.
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Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy from a Physical Therapistʼs Perspective: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF ACUTE CARE PHYSICAL THERAPY 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/01592394-201001010-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Les polyneuropathies avec IgM monoclonale anti-MAG : étude descriptive clinique, biologique, électrophysiologique et anatomopathologique d’une cohorte de 13 patients. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2009; 165:1071-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sotgiu S, Giua A, Murrighile MR, Ortu R. A case of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein polyneuropathy and multiple sclerosis: one disease instead of two? BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr06.2008.0212. [PMID: 21686895 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.06.2008.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A male patient diagnosed elsewhere as having multiple sclerosis (MS) was recently referred to our MS centre. Despite the presence of scattered T2-hyperintense MS-like lesions on MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands, his MS diagnosis was unpersuasive. Distal symmetric hypotonia, tendon areflexia and distal muscle weakness were present. A mostly demyelinating sensory polyneuropathy was disclosed at electroneurography. Serum IgM band, free monoclonal light chains and increased anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein IgM were detected. At 18 months later, and after three intravenous Ig treatments, a clinical electroneurographic improvement was evident along with the disappearance of some brain MRI lesions, reduction of serum anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) IgM level and of the number of CSF oligoclonal bands. Although the cause/effect relation cannot be proven, we hypothesise that not only peripheral but also central demyelination may be related to the presence of anti-MAG antibodies with central nervous system (CNS) patterns on MRI resembling those seen in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sotgiu
- University of Sassari, Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Maternal-Infant Sciences, Viale San Pietro, 10, Sassari, 07100, Italy
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Recommendations on diagnostic strategies for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 84:378-81. [PMID: 18202204 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune mediated treatable peripheral neuropathy, the diagnosis of which is straightforward in more than half of cases. Numerous sets of electrophysiological criteria have been published. However, in some cases, electrophysiological data are not sufficient and patients that may benefit from treatment escape accurate diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To describe a step by step diagnostic procedure for neurologists facing a peripheral neuropathy of undetermined cause, to help make an accurate diagnosis of CIDP. METHODS A group of French experts was established, neurologists and neurophysiologists being recruited on the basis of personal experience with patients suffering from CIDP and also on publications in the field. A full literature review was conducted on the topic of diagnostic criteria and procedures for the diagnosis of CIDP, and meetings were scheduled to reach a consensus on the best diagnostic workup in different clinical situations. RESULTS Six meetings were conducted and a consensus was reached, based on the available literature and experience in the management of such patients. Discussions resulted in defining five clinical situations in which a diagnosis of CIDP may be considered, and procedures were detailed in each case, including the location of nerve biopsy and use of non-conventional electrophysiological testing and imaging procedures. CONCLUSION The guidelines in the diagnostic procedure reported here result from a consensus of French experts in the field of peripheral neuropathy and allow a diagnosis of CIDP to be made in the most frequently encountered situations. These recommendations may be of value for physicians as they rely on the rational use of available techniques in typical clinical situations.
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Stojkovic T. Neuropathie, gammapathie monoclonale et auto-anticorps : comment établir un lien ? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(07)92159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Petiot P. Intérêt de l’électroneuromyogramme dans le diagnostic des neuropathies dysimmunes. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(07)92158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haslbeck KM, Neundörfer B, Schlötzer-Schrehardtt U, Bierhaus A, Schleicher E, Pauli E, Haslbeck M, Hecht M, Nawroth P, Heuss D. Activation of the RAGE pathway: a general mechanism in the pathogenesis of polyneuropathies? Neurol Res 2007; 29:103-10. [PMID: 17427284 DOI: 10.1179/174313206x152564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Binding of ligands to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) results in activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and subsequent expression of NF-kappaB regulated cytokines and is a possible pathomechanism in diabetic and in vasculitic polyneuropathies (PNP). We wanted to investigate whether the newly discovered RAGE pathway also contributes to the pathogenesis of various other PNP. METHODS The presence of the RAGE ligand Nepsilon-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), the receptor itself and NF-kappaBp65 was studied in sural nerve biopsies of patients with alcohol-associated PNP (n=5), PNP owing to vitamin B12 deficiency (n=5), chronic inflammatory demyelinating PNP (CIDP, n=10), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) I or II (n= 10), PNP caused by monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) (n=5), idiopathic PNP (n=10) and five normal controls by immunohistochemistry. Biopsies of either ten patients with diabetic and vasculitic PNP served as positive controls. RESULTS CML, RAGE and NF-kappaBp65 were found in co-localization in epineurial vessels in PNP owing to vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes and vasculitis and in the perineurium in diabetic PNP, vasculitic PNP and in some cases in CIDP and vitamin B12 deficiency. Only diabetic subjects demonstrated co-expression of the three antigens in endoneurial vessels. Increased CML, RAGE and NF-kappaBp65 expression was detected in endoneurial and epineurial mononuclear cells in CIDP and in vasculitic PNP. Additionally, RAGE expression in Schwann cells was significantly increased in diabetic PNP. DISCUSSION These data suggest that activation of the RAGE pathway might contribute to the pathogenesis of CIDP, PNP owing to vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes and vasculitis, whereas it does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of PNP owing to alcohol, MGUS, CMT I or II and idiopathic PNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Matthias Haslbeck
- Department of Neurology, University Erlangen/Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
Paraproteinemia frequently is associated with peripheral neuropathy. The clinical manifestations can be protean owing to the potential for multiple organ involvement. A methodical diagnostic approach to patients who have a plasma cell dyscrasia and neuropathy is necessary to ensure the appropriate detection of more widespread systemic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y Kwan
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6550 Fannin, Suite 1801, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraproteinaemic neuropathy refers to those neuropathies associated with a monoclonal gammopathy or paraprotein. Typically it presents with a chronic predominantly sensory, symmetrical neuropathy, similar to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy but with relatively more sensory involvement, both clinically and neurophysiologically. The optimal treatment for IgG and IgA monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance neuropathies is not known. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review is to examine the efficacy of any treatment for IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic peripheral neuropathy. SEARCH STRATEGY We performed searches of the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Trials register (May 2005), MEDLINE (from January 1966 to May 2005), EMBASE (from January 1980 to May 2005). We also checked bibliographies for controlled trials of treatments for IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic peripheral neuropathy. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials using any treatment for IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic peripheral neuropathy. People with IgM paraproteins were excluded. We excluded participants where the monoclonal gammopathy was considered secondary to an underlying disorder. We included participants of any age with a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance with a paraprotein of the IgG or IgA class and a neuropathy. Included participants were not required to fulfil specific electrophysiological diagnostic criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The full texts of potentially relevant studies were obtained and assessed and independent data extraction was performed by three authors. Additional data and clarification were received from one author. MAIN RESULTS We identified only one randomised controlled trial with 18 participants which fulfilled the predetermined inclusion criteria. Four other trials were identified but these were not randomised controlled trials. The included trial revealed a modest short-term benefit of plasma exchange in IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic neuropathy, over a short follow-up period, when compared to sham plasma exchange. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence from randomised controlled trials for the treatment of IgG or IgA paraproteinaemic neuropathy is currently inadequate. More randomised controlled trials of treatments are required. These should have adequate follow-up periods and contain larger numbers of participants, perhaps through multicentre collaboration, considering the relative infrequency of this condition. Observational or open trial data provide limited support for the use of treatments such as plasma exchange, cyclophosphamide combined with prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. These show potential therapeutic promise but the potential benefits must be weighed against adverse effects. Their optimal use and the long-term benefits need to be considered and validated with well-designed randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allen
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Queen Square, London, UK, WC1N 3BG.
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Yoshida T, Yazaki M, Gono T, Tazawa KI, Morita H, Matsuda M, Funakoshi K, Yuki N, Ikeda SI. Severe cranial nerve involvement in a patient with monoclonal anti-MAG/SGPG IgM antibody and localized hard palate amyloidosis. J Neurol Sci 2006; 244:167-71. [PMID: 16546215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with severe cranial polyneuropathy as well as sensory limb neuropathy. Biclonal serum IgM-kappa/IgM-lambda gammopathy was found and serum anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG)/sulfoglucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG) IgM antibody was also detected. Immunofluorescence analysis of a sural nerve biopsy specimen revealed binding of IgM and lambda-light chain on myelin sheaths. No amyloid deposition was detected in biopsied tissues except for the hard palate, suggesting that the amyloidosis was of the localized type and had no relation to the pathogenesis of cranial neuropathy. Our observations indicate that the anti-MAG/SGPG IgM antibody may be responsible for this patient's cranial polyneuropathy, which is a rare manifestation in anti-MAG/SGPG-associated neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Antoine JC. [Biochemical features of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2006; 162:533-8. [PMID: 16585917 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(06)75047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although there are no specific biological markers of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (CIDP), biological investigations have played an important role in determining the limits of the concept of CIDP. This is best exemplified by the individualisation of demyelinating neuropathies associated with IgM monoclonal proteins reacting with glycolipids. The signification of CIDP associated with diabetes mellitus, monoclonal IgG or IgA, or mutations of myelin proteins has recently been discussed as they may have implications in our understanding of the pathophysiology of CIDP and raise the question of knowing whether they confer to CIDP a particular clinical presentation or evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Antoine
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Bellevue, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02.
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Vial C, Bouhour F. [Electrophysiological manifestations of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2006; 162:522-6. [PMID: 16585915 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(06)75045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There are four basic electrophysiological parameters of demyelination: reduced motor conduction velocity, prolonged distal motor latency and F waves, and motor conduction blocks. These parameters are combined to determine an electrophysiological set of criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Whereas their specificity is good, their sensitivity level does not exceed 75 percent. However, these sets of criteria are not commonly used especially in benign forms, at the beginning of the disease, in associated forms or in case of secondary axonal degeneration. We can push the limits using others criteria such as the terminal latency index, sensory criteria, or by the contribution of others electrophysiological procedures such as the radicular stimulation or sensory evoked potentials. Due to the therapeutic implications, any axonal neuropathy without aetiologia, with at least one demyelinating electrophysiological criteria, could be considered as a putative CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vial
- Service ENMG et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Pôle hospitalier Est-Lyon, Bron.
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36
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Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA. Neurological aspects of multiple myeloma and related disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2005; 18:673-88. [PMID: 16026744 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of neurologic complications of multiple myeloma (MM) and related conditions is as diverse as the conditions themselves. Complications range from direct compression (radiculopathy, spinal cord compression, base-of-the-skull tumor) to the infiltrative (amyloid, peripheral neuropathies, and numb chin syndrome of myeloma), the metabolic (slowed mentation from hyperviscosity, hypercalcemia, or uremia), and to autoimmune or cytokine-mediated (peripheral neuropathy). The two most common presentations are the compressive radiculopathy one sees in multiple myeloma and the peripheral neuropathies associated with many of the other disorders. The authors will review the neurologic complications of MM, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), POEMS syndrome, amyloidosis, and cryoglobulinemia.
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Antoine JC, Azulay JP, Bouche P, Créange A, Fournier E, Gallouedec G, Lagueny A, Lefaucheur JP, Léger JM, Magy L, Maisonobe T, Nicolas G, Pouget J, Soichot P, Stojkovic T, Vallat JM, Verschueren A, Vial C, Viala K. Polyradiculonévrites inflammatoires démyélinisantes chroniques : stratégie diagnostique. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2005; 161:988-96. [PMID: 16365632 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(05)85166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) comprises a group of dysimmune neuropathies easily diagnosed in more than half of the patients. Diagnosis is based on clinical, electrophysiological and biological clues. In some patients, diagnosis is unclear because of the debated value of the available clues. In such circumstances, dysimmune neuropathies may not be diagnosed, leading to insufficient treatment. This is an important category of patients because immunomodulatory drugs have proven efficacy. The CIDP spectrum includes a relatively wide range of diseases. Besides the easily recognized classic forms, there are many clinical variants, sometimes with a paucisymptomatic presentation leading to uncertain diagnosis. The French CIDP study group has established guidelines for diagnostic strategy in CIDP patients. The first part of this paper is devoted to the clinical aspects of the disease, classical forms and variants. In the second part, the results of electrophysiological studies are reported. In a third chapter, complementary examinations useful for diagnosis are discussed. The fourth chapter deals with the diagnostic strategy, discussed in relation to the different situations which may be encountered in clinical practice. details the technical modalities of appropriate electrophysiological studies and presents normal results together with those indicating demyelinating neuropathy. Nerve biopsy technique and results are given in appendix II.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Antoine
- Service et Laboratoire de Neurologie, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges
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Eurelings M, Lokhorst HM, Kalmijn S, Wokke JHJ, Notermans NC. Malignant transformation in polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Neurology 2005; 64:2079-84. [PMID: 15985576 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000176296.79088.9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the frequency of hematologic malignancies at diagnosis and to determine the incidence and predictors of malignant transformation during follow-up in patients with polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy.Methods: Potential predictors of malignant transformation from medical history, hematologic, neurologic, and laboratory examination performed each 6 months were evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis.Results: Of 193 patients with polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy, 17 patients had a hematologic malignancy at diagnosis. The incidence rate of malignant transformation in 176 patients without a malignancy at diagnosis was 2.7/100 patient years. Weight loss, progression of the polyneuropathy, unexplained fever or night sweats, and M-protein level were independent predictors.Conclusions: Since hematologic malignancies occur frequently in polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy, the authors suggest that all patients should be screened at diagnosis and subsequently during follow-up if malignant transformation is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eurelings
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Isoardo G, Migliaretti G, Ciaramitaro P, Rota E, Poglio F, Tavella A, Paolasso I, Cavallo F, Bergamasco B, Cocito D. Differential diagnosis of chronic dysimmune demyelinating polyneuropathies with and without anti-MAG antibodies. Muscle Nerve 2004; 31:52-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.20230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cocito D, Durelli L, Isoardo G. Different clinical, electrophysiological and immunological features of CIDP associated with paraproteinaemia. Acta Neurol Scand 2003; 108:274-80. [PMID: 12956862 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is frequently associated with monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS), Waldenström disease and osteosclerotic myeloma. There are still controversies about the role of these paraproteinaemias in determining the clinical features and the response to treatment of CIDP. We review the clinical, electrophysiological and immunological features and the response to treatment of patients with CIDP associated with paraproteinaemias. The available literature suggest some conclusions: presence of antimyelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody (Ab) identifies patients with mainly sensory CIDP and low response to treatment; CIDP associated with IgM-paraproteinaemia without anti-MAG Ab probably are similar to CIDP not associated with paraproteinaemia as well as CIDP with IgG- or IgA-MGUS; however, some patients with IgA-MGUS can show features similar to CIDP with IgM paraproteinaemia and anti-MAG Ab. Low response to immunomodulating treatment in patients with mainly motor CIDP should prompt a careful research of an underlying osteosclerotic myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cocito
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Gorson KC, Ropper AH. Positive salivary gland biopsy, Sjögren syndrome, and neuropathy: Clinical implications. Muscle Nerve 2003; 28:553-60. [PMID: 14571456 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between neuropathy and Sjögren syndrome has been predicated largely on sicca symptoms or serological abnormalities rather than salivary gland pathology. We reviewed consecutive neuropathy patients who had had a lip biopsy to identify features of the neuropathy that were associated with a positive lip biopsy suggesting Sjögren syndrome. Twenty of 54 neuropathy patients were biopsy positive; 13 had a painful or nonspecific sensory neuropathy and only 4 were ataxic. Sicca symptoms were not associated with a positive biopsy (P = 0.14). Serological abnormalities were found more often in the biopsy-positive group (P = 0.008), but anti-Sjögren syndrome A or B (anti-SSA or SSB) antibodies were detected in only 30%. There were no other clinical or electromyographic (EMG) features associated with a positive biopsy. From this experience, we conclude that: (1). most patients with neuropathy and a positive lip biopsy for Sjögren syndrome have a painful, distal, sensory axonal neuropathy; (2). there are no clinical or EMG features that are predictive of a positive lip biopsy; (3). ataxic neuropathy is uncommon; and (4). the lack of sicca symptoms or anti-SSA or SSB antibodies in patients with neuropathy does not exclude Sjögren syndrome based upon salivary gland pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Gorson
- Division of Neurology, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA.
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Chapter 13 Neurography – motor and sensory nerve conduction studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-4231(09)70123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating poly(radiculo)neuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) are potentially treatable disorders. The use of appropriate assessment scales to evaluate the effects of treatment is essential. Recent therapeutic trials and the question of whether patients with mild disease or other variants of these disorders need to be treated are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical trials and Cochrane reviews give new information on the effect of various treatments in patients with GBS, CIDP and MMN. Intravenous immunoglobulin remains the only treatment proven to be effective in MMN. Combinations of treatment may be even more effective in GBS. Studies on prognostic factors related to improvement have been reported. Whether patients with Miller-Fisher syndrome or those with mild GBS should also be treated is still debated. New assessment scales at the disability and handicap level have now been evaluated for GBS and CIDP, and are ready for use. Results of studies in experimental models contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin. SUMMARY Recent new information on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids indicates that the former should remain the cornerstone of treatment for GBS and MMN, and probably also for CIDP. Whether steroids not only suppress disease activity in CIDP but also eradicate the disease remains to be established. Some GBS patients have secondary deterioration or finally turn out to have CIDP; additional information in this group of patients may lead to more appropriate disease management. Most patients with CIDP and those with MMN need long-term treatment. New treatment strategies should now focus also on the effect and the costs of treatment over long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A Van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Capasso M, Torrieri F, Di Muzio A, De Angelis MV, Lugaresi A, Uncini A. Can electrophysiology differentiate polyneuropathy with anti-MAG/SGPG antibodies from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy? Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 113:346-53. [PMID: 11897535 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with polyneuropathy and antibodies to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and sulphated glucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG) differ from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) because of a slower, progressive course, symmetrical and predominantly sensory involvement of legs, predominantly distal slowing of motor conductions, and poorer response to therapy. We studied whether a wide set of electrophysiologic parameters may differentiate these two neuropathies. METHODS We reviewed the electrophysiological studies of 10 patients with anti-MAG/SGPG antibodies and 22 with CIDP examining: (1) motor conduction velocity and distal compound muscle action potential amplitude; (2) conduction block (CB) and temporal dispersion; (3) distal motor latency and terminal latency index (TLI); (4) F wave and proximal conduction time; and (5) sensory conduction and occurrence of abnormal median with normal sural sensory potential. RESULTS Anti-MAG/SGPG neuropathies showed: (1) more severe involvement of peroneal nerves; (2) more frequent disproportionate distal slowing of motor conductions (TLI< or =0.25) and absent sural potential, and (3) no CB. However 3/22 CIDP patients also had at least two nerves with TLI< or =0.25 and no CB. CONCLUSIONS Electrophysiologic findings suggest in anti-MAG/SGPG neuropathy a length-dependent process with a likely centripetal evolution. A disproportionate slowing of conduction in distal segments of motor nerves suggests the diagnosis of anti-MAG/SGPG neuropathy, although it is not pathognomonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Capasso
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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Cocito D, Isoardo G, Ciaramitaro P, Migliaretti G, Pipieri A, Barbero P, Cucci A, Durelli L. Terminal latency index in polyneuropathy with IgM paraproteinemia and anti-MAG antibody. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24:1278-82. [PMID: 11562906 DOI: 10.1002/mus.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Criteria for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are met by the polyneuropathy associated with immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraproteinemia and anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody (MAG-CIDP). However, MAG-CIDP differs from other types of CIDP, mainly in its poorer response to treatment. The utility of terminal latency index (TLI) as an electrophysiological marker for MAG-CIDP has been debated. In this study we confirmed its diagnostic usefulness and evaluated TLI threshold values for motor nerves investigated in routine nerve conduction studies. Median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial TLIs of 11 subjects with MAG-CIDP, 18 with CIDP, and 76 healthy controls were compared, and threshold values for MAG-CIDP evaluated as the lowest value with a likelihood ratio higher than 10. Mean TLI values and TLIs of all but the peroneal nerve were significantly lower in MAG-CIDP. Median nerve TLI of 0.26 and ulnar nerve TLI of 0.33 were identified as the threshold TLI values for MAG-CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cocito
- Unità Operativa di Neurofisiologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Gorson KC, Ropper AH, Weinberg DH, Weinstein R. Treatment experience in patients with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24:778-86. [PMID: 11360261 DOI: 10.1002/mus.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report our experience with 24 consecutively treated patients (15 men and 9 women, median age 64 years) with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathy. The rates of response to plasma exchange (40%), immune globulin (16%), and cyclophosphamide-based therapy (36%) were similar. Five (24%) responded to the first treatment modality, 32% to a second, alternative modality, and 31% to a third. Only 4 of 12 responders had sustained improvement; the others relapsed after a median of 7 months. In those 4 patients, the median immunoglobulin M (IgM) level dropped by 25% compared to an increase of 24% in the nonresponders (P = 0.04). Thus, most patients with anti-MAG neuropathy failed to have sustained improvement after treatment, and none of the therapies emerged as superior. Disability improved transiently after therapy in approximately 50% of cases. A 25% reduction of the IgM level predicted sustained improvement, but was difficult to achieve. There were no clinical or electrodiagnostic features associated with a treatment response, nor did a reduction of the anti-MAG antibody titer correlate with clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Gorson
- Division of Neurology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA.
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Abstract
A number of presentations of chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy have been identified, each distinguished by its phenotypic pattern. In addition to classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), which is characterized clinically by symmetric proximal and distal weakness and sensory loss, several regional variants can be recognized: multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN: asymmetric and pure motor), multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor (MADSAM) neuropathy (asymmetric, sensory, and motor), and distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy (symmetric, distal, sensory, and motor). There are also temporal, pathological, and disease-associated variants. This review describes a clinical scheme for approaching the chronic acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies that leads to a rational use of supportive laboratory studies and treatment options. In addition, we propose new diagnostic criteria for CIDP that more accurately reflect current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Saperstein
- Department of Neurology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1 (MMCN), San Antonio, Texas 78236-5300, USA.
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Chapter 13 Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-3419(09)70020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Hahn AF. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in peripheral nerve disorders--indications, mechanisms of action and side-effects. Curr Opin Neurol 2000; 13:575-82. [PMID: 11073366 DOI: 10.1097/00019052-200010000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes observations of clinical use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) in regards to administration, kinetics, known or postulated mechanisms of action, and adverse reactions. Indications and value of IVIg for the treatment of various neuropathies with presumed autoimmune aetiology are examined. New knowledge that advances the understanding of the pathogenesis of the neuropathies and of the mechanisms of action of IVIg is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Hahn
- London Health Sciences Centre, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
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