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Kennedy WM, Gonzalez JC, Lee H, Wadiche JI, Overstreet-Wadiche L. T-Type Ca 2+ Channels Mediate a Critical Period of Plasticity in Adult-Born Granule Cells. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1503232024. [PMID: 38413230 PMCID: PMC11007310 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1503-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult-born granule cells (abGCs) exhibit a transient period of elevated synaptic plasticity that plays an important role in hippocampal function. Various mechanisms have been implicated in this critical period for enhanced plasticity, including minimal GABAergic inhibition and high intrinsic excitability conferred by T-type Ca2+ channels. Here we assess the contribution of synaptic inhibition and intrinsic excitability to long-term potentiation (LTP) in abGCs of adult male and female mice using perforated patch recordings. We show that the timing of critical period plasticity is unaffected by intact GABAergic inhibition such that 4-6-week-old abGCs exhibit LTP that is absent by 8 weeks. Blocking GABAA receptors, or partial blockade of GABA release from PV and nNos-expressing interneurons by a µ-opioid receptor agonist, strongly enhances LTP in 4-week-old GCs, suggesting that minimal inhibition does not underlie critical period plasticity. Instead, the closure of the critical period coincides with a reduction in the contribution of T-type Ca2+ channels to intrinsic excitability, and a selective T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist prevents LTP in 4-week-old but not mature GCs. Interestingly, whole-cell recordings that facilitate T-type Ca2+ channel activity in mature GCs unmasks LTP (with inhibition intact) that is also sensitive to a T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, suggesting T-type channel activity in mature GCs is suppressed by native intracellular signaling. Together these results show that abGCs use T-type Ca2+ channels to overcome inhibition, providing new insight into how high intrinsic excitability provides young abGCs a competitive advantage for experience-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Kennedy
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jose Carlos Gonzalez
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Haeun Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jacques I Wadiche
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Linda Overstreet-Wadiche
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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2
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Newell AJ, Patisaul HB. Developmental organophosphate flame retardant exposure disrupts adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:104-114. [PMID: 37783313 PMCID: PMC10842265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) contamination is ubiquitous and bio-monitoring studies have shown that human exposure is widespread and may be unavoidable. OPFRs bear structural similarities to known neurotoxicants such as organophosphate insecticides and have been shown to have both endocrine disrupting and developmental neurotoxic effects. The perinatal period in rodents represents a critical period in the organization of the developing nervous system and insults during this time can impart profound changes on the trajectory of neural development and function, lasting into adulthood. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) facilitates dentate gyrus function and broader hippocampal circuit activity in adults; however, the neurogenic potential of this process in adulthood is vulnerable to disruption by exogenous factors during early life. We sought to assess the impact of OPFRs on AHN in offspring of dams exposed during gestation and lactation. Results indicate that developmental OPFR exposure has significant, sex specific impacts on multiple markers of AHN in the dentate gyrus of rats. In males, OPFR exposure significantly reduced the number of neural progenitors the number of new/immature neurons and reduced dentate gyrus volume. In females, exposure increased the number of neural progenitors, decreased the number of new/immature neurons, but had no significant effect on dentate gyrus volume. These results further elucidate the developmental neurotoxic properties of OPFRs, emphasize the long-term impact of early life OPFR exposure on neural processes, and highlight the importance of including sex as a biological variable in neurotoxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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3
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Luo X, Dai M, Wang M, Wang X, Guo W. Functional heterogeneity of Wnt-responsive and Hedgehog-responsive neural stem cells in the murine adult hippocampus. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2545-2562.e6. [PMID: 37607545 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus are composed of multiple subpopulations. However, their origin and functional heterogeneity are still unclear. Here, we found that the contribution of murine Wnt-responsive (Axin2+) and Hedgehog-responsive (Gli1+) embryonic neural progenitors to adult NSCs started from early and late postnatal stages, respectively. Axin2+ adult NSCs were intended to actively proliferate, whereas Gli1+ adult NSCs were relatively quiescent and responsive to external stimuli. Moreover, Gli1+ NSC-derived adult-born neurons exhibited more complex dendritic arborization and connectivity than Axin2+ NSC-derived ones. Importantly, genetic cell ablation analysis identified that Axin2+ and Gli1+ adult NSCs were involved in hippocampus-dependent learning, but only Axin2+ adult NSCs were engaged in buffering stress responses and depressive behavior. Together, our study not only defined the heterogeneous multiple origins of adult NSCs but also advanced the concept that different subpopulations of adult NSCs may function differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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4
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Xiang G, Liu X, Wang J, Lu S, Yu M, Zhang Y, Sun B, Huang B, Lu XY, Li X, Zhang D. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation facilitates contextual fear extinction and modulates intrinsic excitability of dentate gyrus neurons. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:206. [PMID: 37322045 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus encodes contextual information associated with fear, and cell activity in the DG is required for acquisition and extinction of contextual fear. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that mice deficient for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) exhibited a slower rate of contextual fear extinction. Furthermore, selective deletion of PPARα in the DG attenuated, while activation of PPARα in the DG by local infusion of aspirin facilitated extinction of contextual fear. The intrinsic excitability of DG granule neurons was reduced by PPARα deficiency but increased by activation of PPARα with aspirin. Using RNA-Seq transcriptome we found that the transcription level of neuropeptide S receptor 1 (Npsr1) was tightly correlated with PPARα activation. Our results provide evidence that PPARα plays an important role in regulating DG neuronal excitability and contextual fear extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiangong Wang
- Institute of Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Shunshun Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bin Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Park HR, Lee H, Cho WK, Ma JY. Pro-neurogenic effects of Lilii Bulbus on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114951. [PMID: 37267636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lilii Bulbus, the bulb of tiger lily, has anti-oxidant and anti-tumorigenic properties. However, the effects of Lilii Bulbus on learning, memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. This study investigated whether water extract of Lilii Bulbus (WELB) affects memory ability and hippocampal neurogenesis. Behavioral analyses (Morris water maze and passive avoidance test), immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation assay, and immunoblot analysis were performed. WELB (50 and 100 mg/kg; for 14 days) enhanced memory retention and spatial memory in normal mice as well as in scopolamine-treated mice with memory deficits. Furthermore, the administration of WELB significantly increased the number of proliferating cells and surviving newborn cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in normal mice. We found that WELB has a pro-neurogenic effect by increasing the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) in the hippocampus. Moreover, we confirmed that WELB (100 and 200 μg/ml) significantly increased NE-4 C and primary embryonic NSCs proliferation. Inhibition/knockdown of MEK/ERK blocked WELB-induced MEK/ERK phosphorylation and NSCs proliferation. Hence, MEK/ERK activation was required in WELB-induced NSCs proliferation. Our study demonstrates the first evidence for WELB promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and memory; pro-neurogenic activity may enhance brain plasticity, with implications for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ra Park
- Department of KM Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeeun Lee
- Kine Sciences Inc., 24, Eonju-ro85gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Meyers KT, Damphousse CC, Ozols AB, Campbell JM, Newbern JM, Hu C, Marrone DF, Gallitano AL. Serial electroconvulsive Seizure alters dendritic complexity and promotes cellular proliferation in the mouse dentate gyrus; a role for Egr3. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:889-900. [PMID: 37146791 PMCID: PMC10776161 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being one of the safest, most effective treatments for severe mood disorders, the therapeutic mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy remain unknown. Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) induces rapid, high-level expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in addition to stimulation of neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling of dentate gyrus (DG) neurons. We have previously shown that this upregulation of BDNF fails to occur in the hippocampus of mice lacking the IEG Egr3. Since BDNF influences neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling, we hypothesized that Egr3-/- mice will exhibit deficits in neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling in response to ECS. OBJECTIVE To test this hypothesis, we examined dendritic remodeling and cellular proliferation in the DG of Egr3-/- and wild-type mice following repeated ECS. METHODS Mice received 10 daily ECSs. Dendritic morphology was examined in Golgi-Cox-stained tissue and cellular proliferation was analyzed through bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry and confocal imaging. RESULTS Serial ECS in mice results in dendritic remodeling, increased spine density, and cellular proliferation in the DG. Loss of Egr3 alters the dendritic remodeling induced by serial ECS but does not change the number of dendritic spines or cellular proliferation consequences of ECS. CONCLUSION Egr3 influences the dendritic remodeling induced by ECS but is not required for ECS-induced proliferation of hippocampal DG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Meyers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - C C Damphousse
- Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - A B Ozols
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - J M Campbell
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - J M Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - C Hu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health - Phoenix, 714 E Van Buren St #119, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - D F Marrone
- Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - A L Gallitano
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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7
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Sun D, Mei L, Xiong WC. Dorsal Dentate Gyrus, a Key Regulator for Mood and Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)00009-4. [PMID: 36894487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus, a "gate" that controls the flow of information into the hippocampus, is critical for learning, memory, spatial navigation, and mood regulation. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that deficits in dentate granule cells (DGCs) (e.g., loss of DGCs or genetic mutations in DGCs) contribute to the development of various psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Whereas ventral DGCs are believed to be critical for mood regulation, the functions of dorsal DGCs in this regard remain elusive. Here, we review the role of DGCs, in particular the dorsal DGCs, in the regulation of mood, their functional relationships with DGC development, and the contributions of dysfunctional DGCs to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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8
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Melgar-Locatelli S, de Ceglia M, Mañas-Padilla MC, Rodriguez-Pérez C, Castilla-Ortega E, Castro-Zavala A, Rivera P. Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147269. [PMID: 36908779 PMCID: PMC9995971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a complex process by which neural progenitor cells (NPCs)/neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and differentiate into new neurons and other brain cells. In adulthood, the hippocampus is one of the areas with more neurogenesis activity, which is involved in the modulation of both emotional and cognitive hippocampal functions. This complex process is affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including nutrition. In this regard, preclinical studies performed in rats and mice demonstrate that high fats and/or sugars diets have a negative effect on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). In contrast, diets enriched with bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, as well as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, can induce AHN. Interestingly, there is also growing evidence demonstrating that offspring AHN can be affected by maternal nutrition in the perinatal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions from early stages and throughout life are a promising perspective to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by stimulating neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms by which nutrients and dietary factors affect AHN are still being studied. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that additional peripheral mediators may be involved. In this sense, the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain and could act as a link between nutritional factors and AHN. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize, the most recent findings related to the influence of nutrition and diet in the modulation of AHN. The importance of maternal nutrition in the AHN of the offspring and the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the nutrition-neurogenesis relationship have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celia Rodriguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos 'José Mataix', Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Baazaoui N, Iqbal K. Alzheimer's Disease: Challenges and a Therapeutic Opportunity to Treat It with a Neurotrophic Compound. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101409. [PMID: 36291618 PMCID: PMC9599095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an insidious onset and multifactorial nature. A deficit in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity are considered the early pathological features associated with neurofibrillary tau and amyloid β pathologies and neuroinflammation. The imbalance of neurotrophic factors with an increase in FGF-2 level and a decrease in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 4 (NT-4) in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and parietal cortex and disruption of the brain micro-environment are other characteristics of AD. Neurotrophic factors are crucial in neuronal differentiation, maturation, and survival. Several attempts to use neurotrophic factors to treat AD were made, but these trials were halted due to their blood-brain barrier (BBB) impermeability, short-half-life, and severe side effects. In the present review we mainly focus on the major etiopathology features of AD and the use of a small neurotrophic and neurogenic peptide mimetic compound; P021 that was discovered in our laboratory and was found to overcome the difficulties faced in the administration of the whole neurotrophic factor proteins. We describe pre-clinical studies on P021 and its potential as a therapeutic drug for AD and related neurodegenerative disorders. Our study is limited because it focuses only on P021 and the relevant literature; a more thorough investigation is required to review studies on various therapeutic approaches and potential drugs that are emerging in the AD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-494-5259; Fax: +1-718-494-1080
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10
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Afferni P, Cascino-Milani F, Mattera A, Baldassarre G. A neuro-inspired computational model of life-long learning and catastrophic interference, mimicking hippocampus novelty-based dopamine modulation and lateral inhibitory plasticity. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:954847. [PMID: 36157843 PMCID: PMC9500484 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.954847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain has a remarkable lifelong learning capability to acquire new experiences while retaining previously acquired information. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this capability, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we propose a neuro-inspired firing-rate computational model involving the hippocampus and surrounding areas, that encompasses two key mechanisms possibly underlying this capability. The first is based on signals encoded by the neuromodulator dopamine, which is released by novel stimuli and enhances plasticity only when needed. The second is based on a homeostatic plasticity mechanism that involves the lateral inhibitory connections of the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. These mechanisms tend to protect neurons that have already been heavily employed in encoding previous experiences. The model was tested with images from the MNIST machine learning dataset, and with more naturalistic images, for its ability to mitigate catastrophic interference in lifelong learning. The results show that the proposed biologically grounded mechanisms can effectively enhance the learning of new stimuli while protecting previously acquired knowledge. The proposed mechanisms could be investigated in future empirical animal experiments and inspire machine learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Afferni
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pierangelo Afferni
| | - Federico Cascino-Milani
- Department of Genetics and Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Mattera
- Laboratory of Embodied Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldassarre
- Laboratory of Embodied Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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11
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Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Pagliarini M, Cuppini R, Ambrogini P. Short-Term, Voluntary Exercise Affects Morpho-Functional Maturation of Adult-Generated Neurons in Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126866. [PMID: 35743307 PMCID: PMC9224999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a well-proven neurogenic stimulus, promoting neuronal progenitor proliferation and affecting newborn cell survival. Besides, it has beneficial effects on brain health and cognition. Previously, we found that three days of physical activity in a very precocious period of adult-generated granule cell life is able to antedate the appearance of the first GABAergic synaptic contacts and increase T-type Ca2+ channel expression. Considering the role of GABA and Ca2+ in fostering neuronal maturation, in this study, we used short-term, voluntary exercise on a running wheel to investigate if it is able to induce long-term morphological and synaptic changes in newborn neurons. Using adult male rats, we found that: (i) three days of voluntary physical exercise can definitively influence the morpho-functional maturation process of newborn granule neurons when applied very early during their development; (ii) a significant percentage of new neurons show more mature morphological characteristics far from the end of exercise protocol; (iii) the long-term morphological effects result in enhanced synaptic plasticity. Present findings demonstrate that the morpho-functional changes induced by exercise on very immature adult-generated neurons are permanent, affecting the neuron maturation and integration in hippocampal circuitry. Our data contribute to underpinning the beneficial potential of physical activity on brain health, also performed for short times.
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12
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Simonova NA, Volgushev MA, Malyshev AY. Enhanced Non-Associative Long-Term Potentiation in Immature Granule Cells in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult Rats. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:889947. [PMID: 35711669 PMCID: PMC9192440 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.889947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus is one of the few sites of neurogenesis in the adult brain. Integration of new-generated granule cells into the hippocampal circuitry provides a substrate for structural plasticity, fundamental for normal function of adult hippocampus. However, mechanisms of synaptic plasticity that mediate integration of new-generated granule cells into the existing circuitry remain poorly understood. Especially mechanisms of plasticity at GABA-ergic synapses remain elusive. Here, we show that postsynaptic spiking without presynaptic activation can induce heterosynaptic, non-associative plasticity at GABA-ergic inputs to both immature and mature granule cells. In both immature and mature neurons, plastic changes were bidirectional and individual inputs could express long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD), or do not change. However, properties of non-associative plasticity dramatically change with maturation of newly generated granule cells: while in immature cells there was a clear predominance of non-associative LTP and net potentiation across the inputs, in mature neurons, potentiation and depression were balanced with no net change on average. We conclude that GABA-ergic inputs to granule cells are plastic, and that the rules for induction of non-associative plasticity change with maturation. We propose that potentiation-biased non-associative plasticity of GABA-ergic transmission might help to counter-balance an increase of excitatory drive that is facilitated by enhanced LTP at glutamatergic synapses in maturating granule cells. Such mechanism might help to build a strong GABA-ergic input to surviving active new cells, necessary for normal function of mature granule cells, which operate under a tight inhibitory control and generate sparse spiking activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Simonova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A. Volgushev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Maxim A. Volgushev
| | - Alexey Y. Malyshev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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13
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p27, The Cell Cycle and Alzheimer´s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031211. [PMID: 35163135 PMCID: PMC8835212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle consists of successive events that lead to the generation of new cells. The cell cycle is regulated by different cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their inhibitors, such as p27Kip1. At the nuclear level, p27Kip1 has the ability to control the evolution of different phases of the cell cycle and oppose cell cycle progression by binding to CDKs. In the cytoplasm, diverse functions have been described for p27Kip1, including microtubule remodeling, axonal transport and phagocytosis. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), alterations to cycle events and a purported increase in neurogenesis have been described in the early disease process before significant pathological changes could be detected. However, most neurons cannot progress to complete their cell division and undergo apoptotic cell death. Increased levels of both the p27Kip1 levels and phosphorylation status have been described in AD. Increased levels of Aβ42, tau hyperphosphorylation or even altered insulin signals could lead to alterations in p27Kip1 post-transcriptional modifications, causing a disbalance between the levels and functions of p27Kip1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus, thus inducing an aberrant cell cycle re-entry and alteration of extra cell cycle functions. Further studies are needed to completely understand the role of p27Kip1 in AD and the therapeutic opportunities associated with the modulation of this target.
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14
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Hernández-Mercado K, Zepeda A. Morris Water Maze and Contextual Fear Conditioning Tasks to Evaluate Cognitive Functions Associated With Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:782947. [PMID: 35046769 PMCID: PMC8761726 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.782947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are continuously generated and functionally integrated into the dentate gyrus (DG) network during the adult lifespan of most mammals. The hippocampus is a crucial structure for spatial learning and memory, and the addition of new neurons into the DG circuitry of rodents seems to be a key element for these processes to occur. The Morris water maze (MWM) and contextual fear conditioning (CFC) are among the most commonly used hippocampus-dependent behavioral tasks to study episodic-like learning and memory in rodents. While the functional contribution of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) through these paradigms has been widely addressed, results have generated controversial findings. In this review, we analyze and discuss possible factors in the experimental methods that could explain the inconsistent results among AHN studies; moreover, we provide specific suggestions for the design of more sensitive protocols to assess AHN-mediated learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hernández-Mercado
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicológia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicológia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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15
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Abrous DN, Koehl M, Lemoine M. A Baldwin interpretation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: from functional relevance to physiopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:383-402. [PMID: 34103674 PMCID: PMC8960398 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been associated to many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and dysfunctions, and its status as a selected effect or an "appendix of the brain" has been debated. In this review, we propose to understand hippocampal neurogenesis as the process underlying the "Baldwin effect", a particular situation in evolution where fitness does not rely on the natural selection of genetic traits, but on "ontogenetic adaptation" to a changing environment. This supports the view that a strong distinction between developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is made. We propose that their functions are the constitution and the lifelong adaptation, respectively, of a basic repertoire of cognitive and emotional behaviors. This lifelong adaptation occurs through new forms of binding, i.e., association or dissociation of more basic elements. This distinction further suggests that a difference is made between developmental vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, and adult vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) adult hippocampal neurogenesis. According to this hypothesis, developmental and adult vulnerability are distinct risk factors for various mental disorders in adults. This framework suggests new avenues for research on hippocampal neurogenesis and its implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maël Lemoine
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Forte N, Boccella S, Tunisi L, Fernández-Rilo AC, Imperatore R, Iannotti FA, De Risi M, Iannotta M, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, De Girolamo P, De Leonibus E, Maione S, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Orexin-A and endocannabinoids are involved in obesity-associated alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis, plasticity, and episodic memory in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6137. [PMID: 34675233 PMCID: PMC8531398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain stores and distinguishes among episodic memories, i.e. memories formed during the personal experience, through a mechanism of pattern separation computed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Decision-making for food-related behaviors, such as the choice and intake of food, might be affected in obese subjects by alterations in the retrieval of episodic memories. Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus regulates the pattern separation. Several molecular factors affect adult neurogenesis and exert a critical role in the development and plasticity of newborn neurons. Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and downstream endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling are altered in obese mice. Here, we show that excessive orexin-A/2-arachidonoylglycerol/cannabinoid receptor type-1 signaling leads to the dysfunction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the subsequent inhibition of plasticity and impairment of pattern separation. By inhibiting orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors we rescued both plasticity and pattern separation impairment in obese mice, thus providing a molecular and functional mechanism to explain alterations in episodic memory in obesity. The authors show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is altered in the dentate gyrus of obese mice with subsequent inhibition of long-term potentiation and impairment of pattern separation. Inhibition of orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors rescued both impairments in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Paolo De Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.,I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy. .,Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, 61V0AG, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
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17
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Vyleta NP, Snyder JS. Prolonged development of long-term potentiation at lateral entorhinal cortex synapses onto adult-born neurons. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253642. [PMID: 34143843 PMCID: PMC8213073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical period plasticity at adult-born neuron synapses is widely believed to contribute to the learning and memory functions of the hippocampus. Experience regulates circuit integration and for a transient interval, until cells are ~6 weeks old, new neurons display enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) at afferent and efferent synapses. Since neurogenesis declines substantially with age, this raises questions about the extent of lasting plasticity offered by adult-born neurons. Notably, however, the hippocampus receives sensory information from two major cortical pathways. Broadly speaking, the medial entorhinal cortex conveys spatial information to the hippocampus via the medial perforant path (MPP), and the lateral entorhinal cortex, via the lateral perforant path (LPP), codes for the cues and items that make experiences unique. While enhanced critical period plasticity at MPP synapses is relatively well characterized, no studies have examined long-term plasticity at LPP synapses onto adult-born neurons, even though the lateral entorhinal cortex is uniquely vulnerable to aging and Alzheimer's pathology. We therefore investigated LTP at LPP inputs both within (4-6 weeks) and beyond (8+ weeks) the traditional critical period. At immature stages, adult-born neurons did not undergo significant LTP at LPP synapses, and often displayed long-term depression after theta burst stimulation. However, over the course of 3-4 months, adult-born neurons displayed increasingly greater amounts of LTP. Analyses of short-term plasticity point towards a presynaptic mechanism, where transmitter release probability declines as cells mature, providing a greater dynamic range for strengthening synapses. Collectively, our findings identify a novel form of new neuron plasticity that develops over an extended interval, and may therefore be relevant for maintaining cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Vyleta
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason S. Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Tucić M, Stamenković V, Andjus P. The Extracellular Matrix Glycoprotein Tenascin C and Adult Neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674199. [PMID: 33996833 PMCID: PMC8117239 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin C (TnC) is a glycoprotein highly expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) during development and in the adult central nervous system (CNS) in regions of active neurogenesis, where neuron development is a tightly regulated process orchestrated by extracellular matrix components. In addition, newborn cells also communicate with glial cells, astrocytes and microglia, indicating the importance of signal integration in adult neurogenesis. Although TnC has been recognized as an important molecule in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, complete regulatory pathways still need to be elucidated. In this review we discuss the formation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus and the olfactory system with specific reference to TnC and its regulating functions in this process. Better understanding of the ECM signaling in the niche of the CNS will have significant implications for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tucić
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Stamenković
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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19
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Formation and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:223-236. [PMID: 33633402 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. Adult-born neurons shape brain function, and endogenous NSCs could potentially be harnessed for brain repair. In this Review, focused on hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, we highlight recent advances in the field based on novel technologies (including single-cell RNA sequencing, intravital imaging and functional observation of newborn cells in behaving mice) and characterize the distinct developmental steps from stem cell activation to the integration of newborn neurons into pre-existing circuits. Further, we review current knowledge of how levels of neurogenesis are regulated, discuss findings regarding survival and maturation of adult-born cells and describe how newborn neurons affect brain function. The evidence arguing for (and against) lifelong neurogenesis in the human hippocampus is briefly summarized. Finally, we provide an outlook of what is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and functional consequences of adult neurogenesis and how the field may move towards more translational relevance in the context of acute and chronic neural injury and stem cell-based brain repair.
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20
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Avchalumov Y, Mandyam CD. Plasticity in the Hippocampus, Neurogenesis and Drugs of Abuse. Brain Sci 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33810204 PMCID: PMC8004884 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus assists with consolidation and storage of long-lasting memories. Decades of research has provided substantial information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and this review discusses these mechanisms in brief. Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder with loss of control over drug taking and drug seeking that is caused by long-lasting memories of drug experience. Relapse to drug use is caused by exposure to context and cues associated with the drug experience, and is a major clinical problem that contributes to the persistence of addiction. This review also briefly discusses some evidence that drugs of abuse alter plasticity in the hippocampus, and that development of novel treatment strategies that reverse or prevent drug-induced synaptic alterations in the hippocampus may reduce relapse behaviors associated with addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chitra D. Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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21
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Huckleberry KA, Shansky RM. The unique plasticity of hippocampal adult-born neurons: Contributing to a heterogeneous dentate. Hippocampus 2021; 31:543-556. [PMID: 33638581 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is evolutionarily conserved as one of the few sites of adult neurogenesis in mammals. Although there is clear evidence that neurogenesis is necessary for healthy hippocampal function, whether adult-born neurons are simply integrated into existing hippocampal networks to serve a similar purpose to that of developmentally born neurons or whether they represent a discrete cell population with unique functions remains less clear. In this review, we consider evidence for discrete cellular, synaptic, and structural features of adult-born DG neurons, suggesting that neurogenesis contributes to the formation of a heterogeneous DG. We therefore propose that hippocampal neurogenesis creates a specialized neuronal subpopulation that may play a key role in hippocampal functions like episodic memory. We note critical gaps in this extensive body of work, including a general failure to include female animals in relevant research and a need for more precise consideration of intrahippocampal neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A Huckleberry
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca M Shansky
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Ribeiro FF, Xapelli S. An Overview of Adult Neurogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1331:77-94. [PMID: 34453294 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74046-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is maintained in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood in two main regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Adult neurogenesis is a process composed of multiple steps by which neurons are generated from dividing adult neural stem cells and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Alterations in any of these steps impair neurogenesis and may compromise brain function, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate adult neurogenesis is the centre of attention of regenerative research. In this chapter, we review the main properties of the adult neurogenic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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23
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Traumatic brain injury modifies synaptic plasticity in newly-generated granule cells of the adult hippocampus. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113527. [PMID: 33188818 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI), and hippocampal damage is associated with cognitive deficits that are often the hallmark of TBI. Recent studies have found that TBI induces enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, and this cellular response is related to innate cognitive recovery. However, cellular mechanisms of the role of DG neurogenesis in post-TBI recovery remain unclear. This study investigated changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) within the DG in relation to TBI-induced neurogenesis. Adult male rats received a moderate TBI or sham injury and were sacrificed for brain slice recordings at 30 or 60 days post-injury. Recordings were taken from the medial perforant path input to DG granule cells in the presence or absence of the GABAergic antagonist picrotoxin, reflecting activity of either all DG granule cells or predominately newborn granule cells, respectively. Measurements of LTP observed in the total granule cell population (with picrotoxin) showed a prolonged impairment which worsened between 30 and 60 days post-TBI. Under conditions which predominantly reflected the LTP elicited in newly born granule cells (no picrotoxin), a strikingly different pattern of post-TBI changes was observed, with a time-dependent cycle of functional impairment and recovery. At 30 days after injury this cell population showed little or no LTP, but by 60 days the capacity for LTP of the newly born granule cells was no different from that of sham controls. The time-frame of LTP improvements in the newborn cell population, comparable to that of behavioral recovery reported previously, suggests the unique functional properties of newborn granule cells enable them to contribute to restorative change following brain injury.
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24
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Rattner A, Terrillion CE, Jou C, Kleven T, Hu SF, Williams J, Hou Z, Aggarwal M, Mori S, Shin G, Goff LA, Witter MP, Pletnikov M, Fenton AA, Nathans J. Developmental, cellular, and behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of congenital hypoplasia of the dentate gyrus. eLife 2020; 9:e62766. [PMID: 33084572 PMCID: PMC7577738 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus, a widely accepted model posits that the dentate gyrus improves learning and memory by enhancing discrimination between inputs. To test this model, we studied conditional knockout mice in which the vast majority of dentate granule cells (DGCs) fail to develop - including nearly all DGCs in the dorsal hippocampus - secondary to eliminating Wntless (Wls) in a subset of cortical progenitors with Gfap-Cre. Other cells in the Wlsfl/-;Gfap-Cre hippocampus were minimally affected, as determined by single nucleus RNA sequencing. CA3 pyramidal cells, the targets of DGC-derived mossy fibers, exhibited normal morphologies with a small reduction in the numbers of synaptic spines. Wlsfl/-;Gfap-Cre mice have a modest performance decrement in several complex spatial tasks, including active place avoidance. They were also modestly impaired in one simpler spatial task, finding a visible platform in the Morris water maze. These experiments support a role for DGCs in enhancing spatial learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Chantelle E Terrillion
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Claudia Jou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robert F. Furchgott Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, State University of New York, Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynUnited States
| | - Tina Kleven
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Center for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Shun Felix Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robert F. Furchgott Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, State University of New York, Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynUnited States
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Manisha Aggarwal
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Gloria Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Loyal A Goff
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Center for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Mikhail Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - André A Fenton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robert F. Furchgott Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, State University of New York, Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynUnited States
- Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Neuroscience Institute at the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Jurkowski MP, Bettio L, K. Woo E, Patten A, Yau SY, Gil-Mohapel J. Beyond the Hippocampus and the SVZ: Adult Neurogenesis Throughout the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:576444. [PMID: 33132848 PMCID: PMC7550688 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.576444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), in which a series of distinct stages of neuronal development has been well characterized. However, more recently, new neurons have also been found in other brain regions of the adult mammalian brain, including the hypothalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, cortex, and amygdala. While some studies have suggested that these new neurons originate from endogenous stem cell pools located within these brain regions, others have shown the migration of neurons from the SVZ to these regions. Notably, it has been shown that the generation of new neurons in these brain regions is impacted by neurologic processes such as stroke/ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, numerous factors such as neurotrophic support, pharmacologic interventions, environmental exposures, and stem cell therapy can modulate this endogenous process. While the presence and significance of adult neurogenesis in the human brain (and particularly outside of the classical neurogenic regions) is still an area of debate, this intrinsic neurogenic potential and its possible regulation through therapeutic measures present an exciting alternative for the treatment of several neurologic conditions. This review summarizes evidence in support of the classic and novel neurogenic zones present within the mammalian brain and discusses the functional significance of these new neurons as well as the factors that regulate their production. Finally, it also discusses the potential clinical applications of promoting neurogenesis outside of the classical neurogenic niches, particularly in the hypothalamus, cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal P. Jurkowski
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luis Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Emma K. Woo
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Patten
- Centre for Interprofessional Clinical Simulation Learning (CICSL), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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26
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Decimo I, Dolci S, Panuccio G, Riva M, Fumagalli G, Bifari F. Meninges: A Widespread Niche of Neural Progenitors for the Brain. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:506-528. [PMID: 32935634 PMCID: PMC8442137 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420954826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights the several roles that meninges play in
relevant brain functions as they are a protective membrane for the
brain, produce and release several trophic factors important for
neural cell migration and survival, control cerebrospinal fluid
dynamics, and embrace numerous immune interactions affecting neural
parenchymal functions. Furthermore, different groups have identified
subsets of neural progenitors residing in the meninges during
development and in the adulthood in different mammalian species,
including humans. Interestingly, these immature neural cells are able
to migrate from the meninges to the neural parenchyma and
differentiate into functional cortical neurons or oligodendrocytes.
Immature neural cells residing in the meninges promptly react to brain
disease. Injury-induced expansion and migration of meningeal neural
progenitors have been observed following experimental demyelination,
traumatic spinal cord and brain injury, amygdala lesion, stroke, and
progressive ataxia. In this review, we summarize data on the function
of meninges as stem cell niche and on the presence of immature neural
cells in the meninges, and discuss their roles in brain health and
disease. Furthermore, we consider the potential exploitation of
meningeal neural progenitors for the regenerative medicine to treat
neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Decimo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sissi Dolci
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Riva
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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27
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Li A, Yau SY, Machado S, Wang P, Yuan TF, So KF. Enhancement of Hippocampal Plasticity by Physical Exercise as a Polypill for Stress and Depression: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:294-306. [PMID: 30848219 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190308102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Generation of newborn neurons that form functional synaptic connections in the dentate gyrus of adult mammals, known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has been suggested to play critical roles in regulating mood, as well as certain forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Environmental stress suppresses structural plasticity including adult neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus, whereas physical exercise exerts opposite effects. Here, we review recent discoveries on the potential mechanisms concerning how physical exercise mitigates the stressrelated depressive disorders, with a focus on the perspective of modulation on hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritic remodeling and synaptic plasticity. Unmasking such mechanisms may help devise new drugs in the future for treating neuropsychiatric disorders involving impaired neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Pingjie Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Cambiaghi M, Crupi R, Bautista EL, Elsamadisi A, Malik W, Pozdniakova H, Han Z, Buffelli M, Battaglia F. The Effects of 1-Hz rTMS on Emotional Behavior and Dendritic Complexity of Mature and Newly Generated Dentate Gyrus Neurons in Male Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114074. [PMID: 32521613 PMCID: PMC7312937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1-Hz rTMS) is a promising noninvasive tool for the treatment of depression. Hippocampal neuronal plasticity is thought to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments. We investigated the effect of 1-Hz rTMS treatment on hippocampal dentate gyrus structural plasticity and related emotional behaviors modifications. Experimentally, adult male mice received either five days of 1-Hz rTMS or Sham stimulation. After stimulation, the mice underwent a battery of tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. We also tested the effect of treatment on mature and newly generated granule cell dendritic complexity. Our data showed that 1-Hz rTMS induced structural plasticity in mature granule cells, as evidenced by increased dendritic length and number of intersections. However, the stimulation did not increase the proliferation of the dentate gyrus progenitor cells. On the contrary, the stimulated mice showed increased dendritic complexity of newly generated neurons. Moreover, 1-Hz rTMS resulted in antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test, but it did not affect anxiety-like behaviors. Therefore, our results indicate that 1-Hz rTMS modulates dentate gyrus morphological plasticity in mature and newly generated neurons. Furthermore, our data provide some evidence of an association between the antidepressant-like activity of 1-Hz rTMS and structural plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cambiaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences-University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Erick Larios Bautista
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (E.L.B.); (A.E.); (W.M.); (H.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Amir Elsamadisi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (E.L.B.); (A.E.); (W.M.); (H.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Wasib Malik
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (E.L.B.); (A.E.); (W.M.); (H.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Helen Pozdniakova
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (E.L.B.); (A.E.); (W.M.); (H.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiyong Han
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (E.L.B.); (A.E.); (W.M.); (H.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mario Buffelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences-University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Fortunato Battaglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology and Psychiatry, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (E.L.B.); (A.E.); (W.M.); (H.P.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-3761-9605
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29
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Do antidepressants promote neurogenesis in adult hippocampus? A systematic review and meta-analysis on naive rodents. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Jaimes LF, Mansk LMZ, Almeida-Santos AF, Pereira GS. Maturation of newborn neurons predicts social memory persistence in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108102. [PMID: 32302616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory transience is essential to gain cognitive flexibility. Recently, hippocampal neurogenesis is emerging as one of the mechanisms involved in the balance between persistence and forgetting. Social recognition memory (SRM) has its duration prolonged by neurogenesis. However, it is still to be determined whether boosting neurogenesis in distinct phases of SRM may favor forgetting over persistence. In the present study, we used enriched environment (EE) and memantine (MEM) to increase neurogenesis. SRM was ubiquitously prolonged by both, while EE after the memory acquisition did not favor forgetting. Interestingly, the proportion of newborn neurons with mature morphology in the dorsal hippocampus was higher in animals where persistence prevailed. Finally, one of the main factors for dendritic growth is the formation of cytoskeleton. We found that Latrunculin A, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, blunted the promnesic effect of EE. Altogether, our results indicate that the mechanisms triggered by EE to improve SRM are not limited to increasing the number of newborn neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Jaimes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara M Z Mansk
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana F Almeida-Santos
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grace S Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas, Gerais, Brazil.
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31
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Nemirovich-Danchenko NM, Khodanovich MY. Telomerase Gene Editing in the Neural Stem Cells in vivo as a Possible New Approach against Brain Aging. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Chawana R, Patzke N, Bhagwandin A, Kaswera-Kyamakya C, Gilissen E, Bertelsen MF, Hemingway J, Manger PR. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Egyptian fruit bats from three different environments: Are interpretational variations due to the environment or methodology? J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2994-3007. [PMID: 32112418 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We quantified both proliferative (Ki-67 immunohistochemistry) and immature (doublecortin immunohistochemistry) cells within the dentate gyrus of adult Egyptian fruit bats from three distinct environments: (a) primary rainforest, (b) subtropical woodland, and (c) fifth-generation captive-bred. We used four different previously reported methods to assess the effect of the environment on proliferative and immature cells: (a) the comparison of raw totals of proliferative and immature cells; (b) these totals standardized to brain mass; (c) these totals expressed as a density using the volume of the granular cell layer (GCLv) for standardization; and (d) these totals expressed as a percentage of the total number of granule cells. For all methods, the numbers of proliferative cells did not differ statistically among the three groups, indicating that the rate of proliferation, while malleable to experimental manipulation or transiently in response to events of importance in the natural habitat, appears to occur, for the most part, at a predetermined rate within a species. For the immature cells, raw numbers and standardizations to brain mass and GCLv revealed no difference between the three groups studied; however, standardization to total granule cell numbers indicated that the two groups of wild-caught bats had significantly higher numbers of immature neurons than the captive-bred bats. These contrasting results indicate that the interpretation of the effect of the environment on the numbers of immature neurons appears method dependent. It is possible that current methods are not sensitive enough to reveal the effect of different environments on proliferative and immature cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Chawana
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nina Patzke
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Adhil Bhagwandin
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.,Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Emmanuel Gilissen
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.,Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Mads F Bertelsen
- Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jason Hemingway
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
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33
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Dumenieu M, Senkov O, Mironov A, Bourinet E, Kreutz MR, Dityatev A, Heine M, Bikbaev A, Lopez-Rojas J. The Low-Threshold Calcium Channel Cav3.2 Mediates Burst Firing of Mature Dentate Granule Cells. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2594-2609. [PMID: 29790938 PMCID: PMC5998957 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature granule cells are poorly excitable neurons that were recently shown to fire action potentials, preferentially in bursts. It is believed that the particularly pronounced short-term facilitation of mossy fiber synapses makes granule cell bursting a very effective means of properly transferring information to CA3. However, the mechanism underlying the unique bursting behavior of mature granule cells is currently unknown. Here, we show that Cav3.2 T-type channels at the axon initial segment are responsible for burst firing of mature granule cells in rats and mice. Accordingly, Cav3.2 knockout mice fire tonic spikes and exhibit impaired bursting, synaptic plasticity and dentate-to-CA3 communication. The data show that Cav3.2 channels are strong modulators of bursting and can be considered a critical molecular switch that enables effective information transfer from mature granule cells to the CA3 pyramids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mael Dumenieu
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Senkov
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Mironov
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Calcium Channel Dynamics & Nociception Group, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function," University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Heine
- Research Group Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Bikbaev
- Research Group Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Lopez-Rojas
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, Magdeburg, Germany
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34
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Role of adult-born granule cells in the hippocampal functions: Focus on the GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1065-1082. [PMID: 31371103 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult-born granule cells constitute a small subpopulation of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. However, they greatly influence several hippocampus-dependent behaviors, suggesting that adult-born granule cells have specific roles that influence behavior. In order to understand how exactly these adult-born granule cells contribute to behavior, it is critical to understand the underlying electrophysiology and neurochemistry of these cells. Here, this review simultaneously focuses on the specific electrophysiological properties of adult-born granule cells, relying on the GluN2B subunit of NMDA glutamate receptors, and how it influences neurochemistry throughout the brain. Especially in a critical age from 4 to 6 weeks post-division during which they modulate hippocampal functions, adult-born granule cells exhibit a higher intrinsic excitability and an enhanced long-term potentiation. Their stimulation decreases the overall excitation/inhibition balance of the DG via recruitment of local interneurons, and in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. However, the link between neurochemical effects of adult-born granule cells and behavior remain to be further examined.
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35
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Low A, Foo H, Yong TT, Tan LCS, Kandiah N. Hippocampal subfield atrophy of CA1 and subicular structures predict progression to dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:681-687. [PMID: 30683708 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global hippocampal atrophy is a hallmark of Alzheimer's dementia and has been similarly reported in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). However, there is limited literature on the differential involvement of hippocampal subfields in predicting conversion to PDD. This study is an extension of previous findings on progression to mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS This cohort study recruited 73 non-demented participants with idiopathic PD (age 65.80±8.17, 75.3% male) from an outpatient neurology clinic. All participants underwent clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing and 3T MRI scans at baseline and 18 months while on prescribed dopaminergic medication. Hippocampal subfield volumes were obtained using automatic segmentation in FreeSurfer V.6.0. Participants who progressed to PDD and those who did not were compared on hippocampal subfield atrophy and cognitive change (episodic memory, attention, executive functions, language, visuospatial abilities). Subfields were further examined for their abilities to predict PDD conversion and distinguish PDD from non-demented PD using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Smaller baseline global hippocampal volume, cornu ammonis (CA) subfield CA1, subiculum and presubiculum volumes were observed in participants who went on to develop dementia, and predicted PDD conversion. Those who progressed to PDD saw greater decline in global hippocampal volume, granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, presubiculum, parasubiculum and fimbria. Decline in subiculum and fimbria volume corresponded to cognitive decline in attention and executive functions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Early atrophy of CA1, subiculum and presubiculum preceded, and predicted, PDD conversion. Differential patterns of subfield atrophy were also observed among those who progressed to PDD and were associated with impaired executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Low
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heidi Foo
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Ting Yong
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis C S Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Mishra P, Narayanan R. Disparate forms of heterogeneities and interactions among them drive channel decorrelation in the dentate gyrus: Degeneracy and dominance. Hippocampus 2019; 29:378-403. [PMID: 30260063 PMCID: PMC6420062 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a neuronal population to effectuate channel decorrelation, which is one form of response decorrelation, has been identified as an essential prelude to efficient neural encoding. To what extent are diverse forms of local and afferent heterogeneities essential in accomplishing channel decorrelation in the dentate gyrus (DG)? Here, we incrementally incorporated four distinct forms of biological heterogeneities into conductance-based network models of the DG and systematically delineate their relative contributions to channel decorrelation. First, to effectively incorporate intrinsic heterogeneities, we built physiologically validated heterogeneous populations of granule (GC) and basket cells (BC) through independent stochastic search algorithms spanning exhaustive parametric spaces. These stochastic search algorithms, which were independently constrained by experimentally determined ion channels and by neurophysiological signatures, revealed cellular-scale degeneracy in the DG. Specifically, in GC and BC populations, disparate parametric combinations yielded similar physiological signatures, with underlying parameters exhibiting significant variability and weak pair-wise correlations. Second, we introduced synaptic heterogeneities through randomization of local synaptic strengths. Third, in including adult neurogenesis, we subjected the valid model populations to randomized structural plasticity and matched neuronal excitability to electrophysiological data. We assessed networks comprising different combinations of these three local heterogeneities with identical or heterogeneous afferent inputs from the entorhinal cortex. We found that the three forms of local heterogeneities were independently and synergistically capable of mediating significant channel decorrelation when the network was driven by identical afferent inputs. However, when we incorporated afferent heterogeneities into the network to account for the divergence in DG afferent connectivity, the impact of all three forms of local heterogeneities was significantly suppressed by the dominant role of afferent heterogeneities in mediating channel decorrelation. Our results unveil a unique convergence of cellular- and network-scale degeneracy in the emergence of channel decorrelation in the DG, whereby disparate forms of local and afferent heterogeneities could synergistically drive input discriminability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Mishra
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics UnitIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Rishikesh Narayanan
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics UnitIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
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37
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Recalibrating the Relevance of Adult Neurogenesis. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:164-178. [PMID: 30686490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting reports about whether adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in humans raise questions about its significance for human health and the relevance of animal models. Drawing upon published data, I review species' neurogenesis rates across the lifespan and propose that accelerated neurodevelopmental timing is consistent with lower rates of neurogenesis in adult primates and humans. Nonetheless, protracted neurogenesis may produce populations of neurons that retain plastic properties for long intervals, and have distinct functions depending on when in the lifespan they were born. With some conceptual recalibration we may therefore be able to reconcile seemingly disparate findings and continue to ask how adult neurogenesis, as studied in animals, is relevant for human health.
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Yau SY, Bettio L, Chiu J, Chiu C, Christie BR. Fragile-X Syndrome Is Associated With NMDA Receptor Hypofunction and Reduced Dendritic Complexity in Mature Dentate Granule Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:495. [PMID: 30705620 PMCID: PMC6344420 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. It is caused by the overexpansion of cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) trinucleotide in Fmr1 gene, resulting in complete loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Previous studies using Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1 KO) mice have suggested that a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) hypofunction in the hippocampal dentate gyrus may partly contribute to cognitive impairments in FXS. Since activation of NMDAR plays an important role in dendritic arborization during neuronal development, we examined whether deficits in NMDAR function are associated with alterations in dendritic complexity in the hippocampal dentate region. The dentate granule cell layer (GCL) presents active postnatal neurogenesis, and consists of a heterogenous neuronal population with gradient ages from the superficial to its deep layer. Here, we show that neurons with multiple primary dendrites that reside in the outer GCL of Fmr1 KO mice display significantly smaller NMDAR excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) and a higher α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) to NMDA ratio in comparison to their wild-type counterparts. These deficits were associated with a significant decrease in dendritic complexity, with both dendritic length and number of intersections being significantly reduced. In contrast, although neurons with a single primary dendrite resided in the inner GCL of Fmr1 KO mice had a trend toward a reduction in NMDAR EPSCs and a higher AMPA/NMDA ratio, no alterations were found in dendritic complexity at this developmental stage. Our data indicate that the loss of FMRP causes NMDAR deficits and reduced dendritic complexity in granule neurons with multiple primary dendrites which are thought to be more mature in the GCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yu Yau
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Luis Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jason Chiu
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Chiu
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Fares J, Bou Diab Z, Nabha S, Fares Y. Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus: history, regulation, and prospective roles. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:598-611. [PMID: 30433866 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1545771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is one of the sites in the mammalian brain that is capable of continuously generating controversy. Adult neurogenesis is a remarkable process, and yet an intensely debatable topic in contemporary neuroscience due to its distinctiveness and conceivable impact on neural activity. The belief that neurogenesis continues through adulthood has provoked remarkable efforts to describe how newborn neurons differentiate and incorporate into the adult brain. It has also encouraged studies that investigate the consequences of inadequate neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and explore the potential role of neural progenitor cells in brain repair. The adult nervous system is not static; it is subjected to morphological and physiological alterations at various levels. This plastic mechanism guarantees that the behavioral regulation of the adult nervous system is adaptable in response to varying environmental stimuli. Three regions of the adult brain, the olfactory bulb, the hypothalamus, and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, contain new-born neurons that exhibit an essential role in the natural functional circuitry of the adult brain. Purpose/Aim: This article explores current advancements in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by presenting its history and evolution and studying its association with neural plasticity. The article also discusses the prospective roles of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and describes the intracellular, extracellular, pathological, and environmental factors involved in its regulation. Abbreviations AHN Adult hippocampal neurogenesis AKT Protein kinase B BMP Bone Morphogenic Protein BrdU Bromodeoxyuridine CNS Central nervous system DG Dentate gyrus DISC1 Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 FGF-2 Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid Mbd1 Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 Mecp2 Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin NSCs Neural stem cells OB Olfactory bulb; P21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 RBPj Recombination Signal Binding protein for Immunoglobulin Kappa J Region RMS Rostral migratory Stream SGZ Subgranular zone Shh Sonic hedgehog SOX2 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 SVZ Subventricular zone Wnt3 Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon.,b Department of Neurological Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Zeina Bou Diab
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- a Neuroscience Research Center , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon.,c Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
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Abstract
One of the consequences of chronic methamphetamine (Meth) abuse and Meth addiction is impaired hippocampal function which plays a critical role in enhanced propensity for relapse. This impairment is predicted by alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis, structural- and functional-plasticity of granule cell neurons (GCNs), and expression of plasticity-related proteins in the dentate gyrus. This review will elaborate on the effects of Meth in animal models during different stages of addiction-like behavior on proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and survival of newly born neural progenitor cells. We will then discuss evidence for the contribution of adult neurogenesis in context-driven Meth-seeking behavior in animal models. These findings from interdisciplinary studies suggest that a subset of newly born GCNs contribute to context-driven Meth-seeking in Meth addicted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takashima
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chitra D. Mandyam
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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41
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Cuccurazzu B, Zamberletti E, Nazzaro C, Prini P, Trusel M, Grilli M, Parolaro D, Tonini R, Rubino T. Adult Cellular Neuroadaptations Induced by Adolescent THC Exposure in Female Rats Are Rescued by Enhancing Anandamide Signaling. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:1014-1024. [PMID: 29982505 PMCID: PMC6209859 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rodent models, chronic exposure to cannabis' psychoactive ingredient, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, during adolescence leads to abnormal behavior in adulthood. In female rats, this maladaptive behavior is characterized by endophenotypes for depressive-like and psychotic-like disorders as well as cognitive deficits. We recently reported that most depressive-like behaviors triggered by adolescent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure can be rescued by manipulating endocannabinoid signaling in adulthood with the anandamide-inactivating enzyme FAAH inhibitor, URB597. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying URB597's antidepressant-like properties remain to be established. METHODS Here we examined the impact of adult URB597 treatment on the cellular and functional neuroadaptations that occurred in the prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus upon Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence through biochemical, morphofunctional, and electrophysiological studies. RESULTS We found that the positive action of URB597 is associated with the rescue of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced deficits in endocannabinoid-mediated signaling and synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex and the recovery of functional neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Moreover, the rescue property of URB597 on depressive-like behavior requires the activity of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. CONCLUSIONS By providing novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of URB597 at defined cortical and hippocampal circuits, our results highlight that positive modulation of endocannabinoid-signaling could be a strategy for treating mood alterations secondary to adolescent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cuccurazzu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy
| | - Cristiano Nazzaro
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Pamela Prini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy
| | - Massimo Trusel
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro,” Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Parolaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy,Zardi Gori Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio VA, Italy,Correspondence: Tiziana Rubino, PhD, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, via Manara 7, 21052 Busto Arsizio VA, Italy ()
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42
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Sun M, Ahmad N, Zhang R, Graw J. Crybb2 associates with Tmsb4X and is crucial for dendrite morphogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:123-130. [PMID: 29864422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendrite morphogenesis is a complex but well-orchestrated process. Various studies reported the involvement of alteration in dendrite morphology in different brain disorders, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Initially, βB2-crystallin (gene symbol: Crybb2/CRYBB2) has been described as a structural protein of the ocular lens. Mutations of the corresponding gene, Crybb2, lead to cataract. Recent studies in mice suggested that mutations in Crybb2 cause alterations in hippocampal morphology and function, albeit its function in hippocampal neuron development remained elusive. In the current study, we found that Crybb2 contributes to dendritogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, screening of previous data on differential expression-arrays, we found Tmsb4X up-regulated in Crybb2 mutants mouse brain. Additionally, Tmsb4X was co-expressed with Crybb2 at actin-enriched cell ruffles. Over-expression of Tmsb4X in cultured hippocampal neurons inhibited dendritogenesis, which phenocopied Crybb2 knock-down. The current study uncovers a new function of Crybb2 in brain development, especially in dendritogenesis, and the possible interplay partner Tmsb4X involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ruobing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jochen Graw
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
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Ohline SM, Wake KL, Hawkridge MV, Dinnunhan MF, Hegemann RU, Wilson A, Schoderboeck L, Logan BJ, Jungenitz T, Schwarzacher SW, Hughes SM, Abraham WC. Adult-born dentate granule cell excitability depends on the interaction of neuron age, ontogenetic age and experience. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3213-3228. [PMID: 29796923 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early during their maturation, adult-born dentate granule cells (aDGCs) are particularly excitable, but eventually develop the electrophysiologically quiet properties of mature cells. However, the stability versus plasticity of this quiet state across time and experience remains unresolved. By birthdating two populations of aDGCs across different animal ages, we found for 10-month-old rats the expected reduction in excitability across cells aged 4-12 weeks, as determined by Egr1 immunoreactivity. Unexpectedly, cells 35 weeks old (after genesis at an animal age of 2 months) were as excitable as 4-week-old cells, in the dorsal hippocampus. This high level of excitability at maturity was specific for cells born in animals 2 months of age, as cells born later in life did not show this effect. Importantly, excitability states were not fixed once maturity was gained, but were enhanced by enriched environment exposure or LTP induction, indicating that any maturational decrease in excitability can be compensated by experience. These data reveal the importance of the animal's age for aDGC excitability, and emphasize their prolonged capability for plasticity during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ohline
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K L Wake
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M-V Hawkridge
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M F Dinnunhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R U Hegemann
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L Schoderboeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B J Logan
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Jungenitz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand. .,Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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44
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Structural homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity in mature and adult newborn rat hippocampal granule cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4670-E4679. [PMID: 29712871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801889115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult newborn hippocampal granule cells (abGCs) contribute to spatial learning and memory. abGCs are thought to play a specific role in pattern separation, distinct from developmentally born mature GCs (mGCs). Here we examine at which exact cell age abGCs are synaptically integrated into the adult network and which forms of synaptic plasticity are expressed in abGCs and mGCs. We used virus-mediated labeling of abGCs and mGCs to analyze changes in spine morphology as an indicator of plasticity in rats in vivo. High-frequency stimulation of the medial perforant path induced long-term potentiation in the middle molecular layer (MML) and long-term depression in the nonstimulated outer molecular layer (OML). This stimulation protocol elicited NMDA receptor-dependent homosynaptic spine enlargement in the MML and heterosynaptic spine shrinkage in the inner molecular layer and OML. Both processes were concurrently present on individual dendritic trees of abGCs and mGCs. Spine shrinkage counteracted spine enlargement and thus could play a homeostatic role, normalizing synaptic weights. Structural homosynaptic spine plasticity had a clear onset, appearing in abGCs by 28 d postinjection (dpi), followed by heterosynaptic spine plasticity at 35 dpi, and at 77 dpi was equally as present in mature abGCs as in mGCs. From 35 dpi on, about 60% of abGCs and mGCs showed significant homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity on the single-cell level. This demonstration of structural homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity in abGCs and mGCs defines the time course of the appearance of synaptic plasticity and integration for abGCs.
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45
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Rendeiro C, Rhodes JS. A new perspective of the hippocampus in the origin of exercise-brain interactions. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2527-2545. [PMID: 29671055 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercising regularly is a highly effective strategy for maintaining cognitive health throughout the lifespan. Over the last 20 years, many molecular, physiological and structural changes have been documented in response to aerobic exercise training in humans and animals, particularly in the hippocampus. However, how exercise produces such neurological changes remains elusive. A recent line of investigation has suggested that muscle-derived circulating factors cross into the brain and may be the key agents driving enhancement in synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis from aerobic exercise. Alternatively, or concurrently, the signals might originate from within the brain itself. Physical activity also produces instantaneous and robust neuronal activation of the hippocampal formation and the generation of theta oscillations which are closely correlated with the force of movements. The repeated acute activation of the hippocampus during physical movement is likely critical for inducing the long-term neuroadaptations from exercise. Here we review the evidence which establishes the association between physical movement and hippocampal neuronal activation and discuss implications for long-term benefits of physical activity on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rendeiro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
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46
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Ohline SM, Abraham WC. Environmental enrichment effects on synaptic and cellular physiology of hippocampal neurons. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:3-12. [PMID: 29634984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of rodents to an enriched environment (EE) has been shown to reliably increase performance on hippocampus-dependent learning and memory tasks, compared to conspecifics living in standard housing conditions. Here we review the EE-related functional changes in synaptic and cellular properties for neurons in the dentate gyrus and area CA1, as assessed through in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiological approaches. There is a growing consensus of findings regarding the pattern of effects seen. Most prominently, there are changes in cellular excitability and synaptic plasticity in CA1, particularly with short-term and/or periodic exposure to EE. Such changes are much less evident after longer term continuous exposure to EE. In the dentate gyrus, increases in synaptic transmission as well as cell excitability become evident after short-term EE exposure, while the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate is remarkably insensitive, even though it is reliably enhanced by voluntary running. Recent evidence has added a new dimension to the understanding of EE effects on hippocampal electrophysiology by revealing an increased sparsity of place cell representations after long periods of EE treatment. It is possible that such connectivity change is one of the key factors contributing to the enhancement of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning over the long-term, even if there are no obvious changes in other markers such as LTP. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ohline
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - W C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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47
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França KLDA, de Almeida ACG, Saddow SE, Santos LEC, Scorza CA, Scorza FA, Rodrigues AM. GABA a excitation and synaptogenesis after Status Epilepticus - A computational study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4193. [PMID: 29520076 PMCID: PMC5843660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of GABAergic neurotransmission on epileptogenesis has been the subject of speculation according to different approaches. However, it is a very complex task to specifically consider the action of the GABAa neurotransmitter, which, in its dependence on the intracellular level of Cl-, can change its effect from inhibitory to excitatory. We have developed a computational model that represents the dentate gyrus and is composed of three different populations of neurons (granule cells, interneurons and mossy cells) that are mutually interconnected. The interconnections of the neurons were based on compensation theory with Hebbian and anti-Hebbian rules. The model also incorporates non-synaptic mechanisms to control the ionic homeostasis and was able to reproduce ictal discharges. The goal of the work was to investigate the hypothesis that the observed aberrant sprouting is promoted by GABAa excitatory action. Conjointly with the abnormal sprouting of the mossy fibres, the simulations show a reduction of the mossy cells connections in the network and an increased inhibition of the interneurons as a response of the neuronal network to control the activity. This finding contributes to increasing the changes in the connectivity of the neuronal circuitry and to increasing the epileptiform activity occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keite Lira de Almeida França
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional (LANEC), Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Antônio-Carlos Guimarães de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional (LANEC), Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Stephen E Saddow
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of South of Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luiz Eduardo Canton Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional (LANEC), Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio Márcio Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional (LANEC), Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, Brazil.
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48
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Yau SY, Li A, Tong JB, Bostrom C, Christie BR, Lee TMC, So KF. Chronic corticosterone administration reduces dendritic complexity in mature, but not young granule cells in the rat dentate gyrus. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 34:849-57. [PMID: 27567758 PMCID: PMC5345640 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-160662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our previous work has shown that exposure to the stress hormone corticosterone (40 mg/kg CORT) for two weeks induces dendritic atrophy of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region and behavioral deficits. However, it is unclear whether this treatment also affects the dentate gyrus (DG), a subregion of the hippocampus comprising a heterogeneous population of young and mature neurons. Objective: We examined the effect of CORT treatment on the dendritic complexity of mature and young granule cells in the DG. Methods: We utilized a Golgi staining method to investigate the dendritic morphology and spine density of young neurons in the inner granular cell layer (GCL) and mature neurons in the outer GCL in response to CORT application. The expressions of glucocorticoid receptors during neuronal maturation were examined using Western blot analysis in a primary hippocampal neuronal culture. Results: Sholl analysis revealed that CORT treatment decreased the number of intersections and shortened the dendritic length in mature, but not young, granule cells. However, the spine density of mature and young neurons was not affected. Western blot analysis showed a progressive increase in the protein levels of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the cultured primary hippocampal neurons during neuronal maturation. Conclusion: These data suggest that mature neurons are likely more vulnerable to chronic exposure to CORT; this may be due to their higher expression of GRs when compared to younger DG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Crystal Bostrom
- Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu, China
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49
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The hippocampal extracellular matrix regulates pain and memory after injury. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:2302-2313. [PMID: 30254235 PMCID: PMC6294737 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain poses a heavy burden for the individual and society, comprising personal suffering, comorbid psychiatric symptoms, cognitive decline, and disability. Treatment options are poor due in large part to pain centralization, where an initial injury can result in lasting CNS maladaptations. Hippocampal cellular plasticity in chronic pain has become a focus of study due to its roles in cognition, memory, and the experience of pain itself. However, the extracellular alterations that parallel and facilitate changes in hippocampal function have not been addressed to date. Here we show structural and biochemical plasticity in the hippocampal extracellular matrix (ECM) that is linked to behavioral, cellular, and synaptic changes in a mouse model of chronic pain. Specifically, we report deficits in working location memory that are associated with decreased hippocampal dendritic complexity, altered ECM microarchitecture, decreased ECM rigidity, and changes in the levels of key ECM components and enzymes, including increased levels of MMP8. We also report aberrations in long-term potentiation (LTP) and a loss of inhibitory interneuron perineuronal ECM nets, potentially accounting for the aberrations in LTP. Finally, we demonstrate that MMP8 is upregulated after injury and that its genetic downregulation normalizes the behavioral, electrophysiological, and extracellular alterations. By linking specific extracellular changes to the chronic pain phenotype, we provide a novel mechanistic understanding of pain centralization that provides new targets for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Xiao LY, Wang XR, Yang Y, Yang JW, Cao Y, Ma SM, Li TR, Liu CZ. Applications of Acupuncture Therapy in Modulating Plasticity of Central Nervous System. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:762-776. [PMID: 29111577 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acupuncture is widely applied for treatment of various neurological disorders. This manuscript will review the preclinical evidence of acupuncture in mediating neural plasticity, the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched acupuncture, plasticity, and other potential related words at the following sites: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP information data base. The following keywords were used: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, plasticity, neural plasticity, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, neuroblast, stem cell, progenitor cell, BrdU, synapse, synapse structure, synaptogenesis, axon, axon regeneration, synaptic plasticity, LTP, LTD, neurotrophin, neurotrophic factor, BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, bFGF, EGF, NT-3, NT-4, NT-5, p75NTR, neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, noradrenaline, dopamine, monamine. We assessed the effects of acupuncture on plasticity under pathological conditions in this review. RESULTS Relevant references were reviewed and presented to reflect the effects of acupuncture on neural plasticity. The acquired literatures mainly focused on neurogenesis, alterations of synapses, neurotrophins (NTs), and neurotranimitters. Acupuncture methods mentioned in this article include manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidences demonstrated that acupuncture could induce neural plasticity in rodents exposed to cerebral ischemia. Neural plasticity mediated by acupuncture in other neural disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, were also investigated and there is evidence of positive role of acupuncture induced plasticity in these disorders as well. Mediation of neural plasticity by acupuncture is likely associated with its modulation on NTs and neurotransmitters. The exact mechanisms underlying acupuncture's effects on neural plasticity remain to be elucidated. Neural plasticity may be the potential bridge between acupuncture and the treatment of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yong Xiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ming Ma
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Ran Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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