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Chen JY, Oh Y, Kounios J, Lowe MR. An examination of frontal asymmetry in relation to eating in the absence of hunger and loss-of-control eating. Appetite 2023; 191:107090. [PMID: 37871365 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-control (LOC) eating involves a subjective feeling that one cannot stop eating or control one's eating. Individuals with LOC eating may exhibit strong appetitive drives and weak inhibitory control, and these two opposing motivations have been related to EEG measurements of frontal asymmetry or lateralized frontal activation. The present study investigated whether frontal asymmetry is related to hedonic hunger, LOC eating severity and frequency, and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in the laboratory. Fifty-nine individuals participated in an ostensible taste study after resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. After the EEGs, they were provided a meal to eat until fullness, followed by an array of snacks and instructions to eat as much as they would like. The results indicated that several measures of right-frontal asymmetry were related to greater EAH and greater self-reported LOC eating severity. Although right-frontal asymmetry has been theorized to reflect avoidance motivation, recent evidence suggests it may indicate effortful control during approach-avoidance conflicts. Because individuals with LOC eating presumably experience heightened conflict between drives to eat beyond energy needs and to minimize such eating, those experiencing greater LOC may exert greater effort to manage these conflicting motivations. An integration of these neurobiological correlates of LOC eating may help provide a more comprehensive understanding of LOC eating and inform treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y Chen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yongtaek Oh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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2
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Groshon LC, Pearl RL. Longitudinal associations of binge eating with internalized weight stigma and eating self-efficacy. Eat Behav 2023; 50:101785. [PMID: 37515998 PMCID: PMC10839945 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is linked to binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms and reduced self-efficacy, yet it unknown how changes in these factors may interrelate. The current study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of BED with IWS and eating self-efficacy among treatment-seeking adults with high body weight. Disinhibited eating was explored as a mediator. METHODS Seventy-one adults with high weight and elevated IWS were included in this secondary analysis of a clinical trial that provided 26 weeks of behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment with (versus without) an additional IWS intervention. Participants underwent a BED diagnostic interview at screening and completed validated measures of binge eating, IWS (including weight bias internalization, self-devaluation, and stereotype endorsement), eating self-efficacy, and disinhibited eating at baseline and week-26. Cross-sectional mediation models tested associations of BED with IWS and eating self-efficacy, explained by disinhibited eating. Linear and logistic regression models, controlling for treatment condition, tested if baseline BED predicted changes in IWS, self-efficacy, and disinhibited eating, and if decreased binge episodes were associated with improved outcomes. RESULTS At baseline, disinhibited eating mediated the relationship between BED and weight self-devaluation (95 % CI = 0.66,3.58), stereotype endorsement (CI = 0.15,0.56), and eating self-efficacy (CI:-14.40,-4.29). Baseline BED did not predict changes in outcomes. Participants with decreased binge episodes reported greater improvements in weight bias internalization (p = 0.04) and eating self-efficacy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides novel evidence of longitudinal associations between binge eating, IWS, and eating self-efficacy. IWS warrants further consideration as a treatment target and outcome in studies of BWL and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie C Groshon
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca L Pearl
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, United States of America
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Vicent M, Gonzálvez C, Quiles MJ, Sánchez-Meca J. Perfectionism and binge eating association: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:101. [PMID: 37365626 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfectionism is considered a vulnerability factor for eating disorders. However, the role of perfectionism in binge eating needs clarification due to notably inconsistencies between studies. The purpose to this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perfectionism-binge eating association. METHOD Systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Psicodoc) were searched to identify studies published until September 2022. The literature search yielded 30 published articles (N = 9392) that provided 33 independent estimations of the correlation between the two variables. RESULTS Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a small-to-moderate positive average effect size between general perfectionism and binge eating (r+ = .17) with a large heterogeneity. Perfectionistic Concerns showed a significant small-to-moderate relationship with binge eating (r+ = .27), whereas Perfectionistic Strivings presented a negligible relationship with binge eating (r+ = .07). Moderator analyses showed that the age, the type of the sample, the study design, and the tools for assessing both variables were statistically associated with the perfectionism-binge eating effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Perfectionism Concerns are closely associated with binge eating symptomatology. This relationship might be moderated by certain variables, especially by the clinical or non-clinical nature of the sample and the instrument employed to assess binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vicent
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Quiles
- Health Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- Department Basic Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Loss of control may uniquely predict negative affect among the disinhibited eating experiences of high-risk young men. Eat Behav 2022; 47:101674. [PMID: 36240577 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of control (LOC) eating is a disordered eating behavior that is prevalent but understudied among men. It is common for men with LOC eating to concurrently engage in diverse eating behaviors characterized as disinhibited. It remains unclear which eating qualities are most distressing for men. This study evaluated the link between disinhibited eating qualities and subsequent negative affect in young men. METHODS 42 men (18-35 y) who reported engaging in ≥4 LOC eating episodes in the prior month completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment protocol. For each meal and snack, participants were asked to rate the extent to which they felt they overate; lost control; ate more than planned; ate mindlessly; had concerns about wasting food; and were encouraged to eat more by others. State negative affect was evaluated during random intervals five times per day. RESULTS After adjusting for previous negative affect and time between ratings, five of the six eating qualities were significantly and positively associated with subsequent negative affect according to between-participant findings (ps < 0.026). In within-participant analyses, only LOC was significantly and positively associated with subsequent negative affect (p = 0.044). DISCUSSION While a range of disinhibited eating qualities are correlated with negative affect in a sample of young men, a sense of LOC while eating may be a promising target for interventions focused on improving the psychological functioning of high-risk young men.
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Moghimi E, Davis C, Rotondi M. The Efficacy of eHealth Interventions for the Treatment of Adults Diagnosed With Full or Subthreshold Binge Eating Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e17874. [PMID: 34283028 PMCID: PMC8335602 DOI: 10.2196/17874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a recent rise in the use of eHealth treatments for a variety of psychological disorders, including eating disorders. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is the first to evaluate the efficacy of eHealth interventions specifically for the treatment of binge eating disorder (characterized by compulsive overconsumption of food, in a relatively short period, and without compensatory behaviors such as purging or fasting). METHODS A search on the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL was conducted for randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of eHealth treatment interventions with waitlist controls. RESULTS From the databases searched, 3 studies (298 participants in total) met the inclusion criteria. All interventions were forms of internet-based guided cognitive behavioral therapy. The results of the analysis demonstrated that when compared with waitlist controls, individuals enrolled in eHealth interventions experienced a reduction in objective binge episodes (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.77, 95% CI -1.38 to -0.16) and eating disorder psychopathology (SMD -0.71, 95% CI -1.20 to -0.22), which included shape (SMD -0.61, 95% CI -1.01 to -0.22) and weight concerns (SMD -0.91, 95% CI -1.33 to -0.48). There was no significant difference in BMI between the eHealth interventions and controls (SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.39). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide promising results for the use of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder treatment and support the need for future research to explore the efficacy of these eHealth interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Moghimi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Davis
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Rotondi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bogusz K, Kopera M, Jakubczyk A, Trucco EM, Kucharska K, Walenda A, Wojnar M. Prevalence of alcohol use disorder among individuals who binge eat: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2021; 116:18-31. [PMID: 32533728 PMCID: PMC7736190 DOI: 10.1111/add.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Binge eating disorder (BED) is correlated with substance use. This study aimed to estimate the life-time prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) among individuals with non-compensatory binge eating and determine whether their life-time prevalence of AUD is higher than in non-bingeing controls. DESIGN A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) for studies of adults diagnosed with BED or a related behavior that also reported the life-time prevalence of AUD was conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was followed. The protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). SETTING Studies originating in Canada, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were found, representing 69 233 individuals. MEASUREMENTS Life-time prevalence of AUD among individuals with binge eating disorder and their life-time relative risk of AUD compared with individuals without this disorder. RESULTS The pooled life-time prevalence of AUD in individuals with binge eating disorder was 19.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.7-27.9]. The risk of life-time AUD incidence among individuals with binge eating disorder was more than 1.5 times higher than controls (relative risk = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.41-1.79). Life-time AUD prevalence was higher in community samples than in clinical samples (27.45 versus 14.45%, P = 0.041) and in studies with a lower proportion of women (β = -2.2773, P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Life-time alcohol use disorder appears to be more prevalent with binge eating disorder than among those without.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kucharska
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Walenda
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Grunewald W, Convertino AD, Safren SA, Mimiaga MJ, O'Cleirigh C, Mayer KH, Blashill AJ. Appearance discrimination and binge eating among sexual minority men. Appetite 2021; 156:104819. [PMID: 32853713 PMCID: PMC7669646 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual minority men (SMM) face substantial disparities in rates of binge eating compared to heterosexual individuals, underscoring the need to study risk factors for the development of binge eating amongst SMM. One potential explanation for this disparity in binge eating is minority stress theory, which posits that minority groups face stressors, such as discrimination, due to their stigmatized position in society. Additionally, specific domains of discrimination may confer different levels of risk for binge eating. Therefore, the current study examined the association of various forms of discrimination, including appearance-based discrimination, and binge eating in a sample of SMM. A sample of 200 SMM (analytic sample of N = 187) from the greater Boston area completed self-report questionnaires assessing frequency of different forms of perceived discrimination (appearance, sexual orientation, race, etc.) and binge eating. A hierarchical binary logistic regression model was used to examine the association of different forms of discrimination with binge eating. 9% of the sample reported binge eating. Appearance-based discrimination was the most common form of discrimination (47%), and was significantly associated with binge eating, over and above all other forms of discrimination and sociodemographic variables, OR = 1.71, 95% CI = [1.24, 2.35], Wald χ2 (1) = 10.65, p = .001. Findings suggest that appearance-based discrimination may be related to binge eating in SMM. Clinicians may consider assessing appearance-based discrimination among SMM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra D Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States.
| | - Steven A Safren
- University of Miami, United States; Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, United States.
| | - Matthew J Mimiaga
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- San Diego State University, United States; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States.
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Personality Functioning in Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder: Combining a Psychodynamic and Trait Perspective. J Psychiatr Pract 2020; 26:472-484. [PMID: 33275384 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is preliminary evidence for an association between personality traits and binge eating disorder (BED) in obese patients. In addition, recent studies have shown impaired psychodynamic personality functioning in BED. However, these results are partly inconsistent. The goal of this study was to explore and evaluate personality traits and personality functioning in obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED. Moreover, we aimed to explore the additional value of combined assessment of personality traits and personality functioning. METHODS Treatment-seeking obese female patients with BED (n=129) or subthreshold BED (n=91) were compared with obese (n=107) and nonobese (n=90) female community controls in terms of personality traits (using the Temperament and Character Inventory) and personality functioning (using the Developmental Profile Inventory) in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Harm Avoidance was higher and Self-Directedness was lower in obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED compared with obese and nonobese community controls. In addition, obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED presented more maladaptive and less adaptive personality functioning than controls. Although univariate analyses did not find significant differences in personality traits or personality functioning between obese patients with BED and those with subthreshold BED, when both personality traits and personality functioning were combined in multivariate analysis (data from both the Temperament and Character Inventory and Developmental Profile Inventory), obese patients with BED showed greater vulnerabilities in personality traits and functioning than obese patients with subthreshold BED. CONCLUSIONS Obese patients with BED or subthreshold BED had specific impairments in personality traits and personality functioning. Combined assessment indicated that patients with BED had the most vulnerable personality profile of the 4 groups. The results support the added value of assessment of both personality traits and psychodynamic personality functioning, in line with the alternative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) model for personality disorders.
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Pluhar EI, Abdullah S, Burton ET. Endorsement of Binge Eating Symptoms in a Sample of Predominantly Non-Hispanic Black Adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:766-772. [PMID: 32274933 DOI: 10.1177/0009922820915897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) as well as individual subthreshold binge eating symptoms are related to deleterious physical and socioemotional outcomes among adolescents. The present study examined the prevalence of specific binge eating behaviors among a sample of primarily non-Hispanic Black outpatients presenting to weight management and endocrinology clinics. Analyses are based on 103 adolescents (69.9% female, 66.9% non-Hispanic Black) who endorsed one or more binge eating symptoms on a nonstandardized clinical assessment patterned after Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. The most commonly endorsed symptom was eating in excess of what is considered normal (71.8%), while least commonly endorsed symptoms included guilt, distress, and embarrassment due to overeating (17.5% to 26.2%). More than half of the participants endorsed multiple specific binge eating symptoms. The level of subthreshold symptomatology reported underscores the importance of developmental and cultural tailoring of prevention and intervention efforts to address these behaviors as a means of curbing clinical-level onset of BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily I Pluhar
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Syidah Abdullah
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Thomaseo Burton
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Developing an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment for Individuals With Binge Eating Pathology: A Preliminary Proof of Concept Study and Clinical Case Series. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2019; 26:395-410. [PMID: 31827317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating (BE; i.e., the consumption of a large amount of food in a discrete time period, accompanied by a sense of loss of control) is highly comorbid with overweight or obesity and is the primary symptom of binge eating disorder (BED). Current gold-standard treatment for BED (i.e., CBT) does not produce meaningful weight loss, thus failing to address a critical treatment target. This article describes the development of a novel acceptance-based behavioral treatment (ABBT) for individuals with clinically significant BE desiring to reduce BE symptoms and achieve concurrent weight loss. We discuss the development and structure of the novel treatment approach, and describe the test of a proof of concept version of the treatment in a clinical case series of four individuals. In the context of each clinical case description, we present initial acceptability of the treatment and challenges faced in treatment development and delivery. Finally, we discuss future research directions for the treatment, which could improve BE symptoms and weight loss outcomes for individuals with BE pathology.
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Arduini T, Iorio D, Patacchini E. Weight, reference points, and the onset of eating disorders. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2019; 65:170-188. [PMID: 31030114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate whether the development of eating disorders, in the form of purging, is influenced by peers' body size through interpersonal comparisons. Using detailed information on recent cohorts of U.S. teenagers, we document a sizeable and significant negative effect of high school peers' body mass index (BMI) on purging behavior during the adolescence for females, but not for males. Interpersonal comparisons operate through the formation of a distorted self-perception: teenage girls with relatively thin female peers perceive themselves as heavier than they actually are. The girls who are more susceptible to peer influences are those having peers who are thinner, more popular, more (verbally) able, and with more educated parents.
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12
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Badrasawi MM, Zidan SJ. Binge eating symptoms prevalence and relationship with psychosocial factors among female undergraduate students at Palestine Polytechnic University: a cross-sectional study. J Eat Disord 2019; 7:33. [PMID: 31592130 PMCID: PMC6774213 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-019-0263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders pose a serious challenge to health services due to psychosocial and medical problems. Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized as a pattern of overeating episodes followed by shame, distress and guilty feelings. Among eating disorders, BED has the highest prevalence, especially among females. The literature reported that BED is associated with nutritional status, socio-demographic factors, and psychological factors in different countries. This study aims to examine the prevalence of binge eating symptoms and its relationship with selected variables (i.e. socio-demographics, nutritional status and dietary habits). METHODS One hundred fifty-four female undergraduate students, from three different faculties at Palestine Polytechnic University, participated in the study. All the students who consented to join the study were assessed in terms of weight status using body mass index, dietary habits and medical profile. The screening for presence of binge eating symptoms was done using BEDS-7. The psychosocial factors were assessed by validated Arabic version of DASS-21. RESULTS Half of the participants (50%) had binge eating symptoms. No association between binge eating symptoms and socio-demographic variables was found. Similarly, binge eating symptoms was not related to body weight status, however, it was associated with eating between meals and number of snacks. A significantly higher score on depression, stress and anxiety was found among binge eaters than non-binge eaters. CONCLUSION It was concluded that binge eating symptoms have considerable prevalence among the study participants, and it was significantly correlated with psychosocial factors. Future studies are needed to examine other risk factors and correlations. Educational programs are also recommended to increase the awareness of eating disorders as well as to promote healthy eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Tulkarm, West Bank, PO Box 7, Palestine
| | - Souzan J Zidan
- Department of Nutrition and Food technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Tulkarm, West Bank, PO Box 7, Palestine
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Keating L, Mills JS, Rawana JS. Momentary predictors of binge eating: An attachment perspective. Eat Behav 2019; 32:44-52. [PMID: 30594107 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to attachment theory, individuals who are preoccupied with the possibility of rejection are prone to emotion dysregulation, which research has found to be related to disordered eating. The current study examined naturalistic momentary relationships between binge eating, depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and attachment anxiety. METHOD Participants were 55 undergraduate women who owned a mobile phone and who had binge eaten at least once during the past 28 days. All participants were screened to confirm the presence of binge eating and then completed trait measures of attachment anxiety. Participants then received seven text messages per day for 14 days. Texts contained links to state measures of depressive symptoms, state emotion dysregulation, and recent binge eating. RESULTS Momentary depressive symptoms predicted subsequent binge eating. Aspects of emotion dysregulation (i.e., nonacceptance of emotional responses and difficulty modulating one's emotions) mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and binge eating. DISCUSSION Depressed mood often triggers binge eating. Additionally, attachment anxiety seems to predict binge eating through emotion dysregulation. Interventions for binge eating should address both attachment anxiety and emotion dysregulation in order to maximize therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Keating
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Jennifer S Mills
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Jennine S Rawana
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Burton AL, Abbott MJ. The revised short-form of the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire: Measuring positive, negative, and permissive beliefs about binge eating. J Eat Disord 2018; 6:37. [PMID: 30450206 PMCID: PMC6219185 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-018-0224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a self-report assessment tool that measures positive and negative beliefs about food and eating that are believed to play a key role in maintaining binge eating behaviour that occurs in individuals with Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and other atypical eating disorders. The present study aimed to further refine this measure with the addition of a third scale to assess permissive beliefs about eating, also thought to play a crucial role in the maintenance of binge eating. Permissive beliefs are defined as beliefs about eating that provide justification for the individual to engage in a binge eating episode. METHODS After consultation with the literature and endorsement from 10 experts in eating disorders, 19 permissive belief items were generated. Eight hundred eighty-three participants were recruited to complete a test battery online that included the EBQ and the new permissive items. RESULTS An exploratory factor analysis (n = 441) found a three-factor solution (positive, negative and permissive beliefs) explaining 63.4% of variance. A confirmatory factor analysis (n = 442) provided support for the three-factor model, with the data best supporting a shorter 18-item questionnaire. The revised scale demonstrated good internal consistency, as well as good convergent validity with measures of related eating disorder symptoms, emotional regulation, mood and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS With the addition of a third scale to measure permissive beliefs, the revised short-form of the EBQ offers clinicians and researchers a brief comprehensive tool for the measurement of positive, negative and permissive beliefs about binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Burton
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, 2050 Australia
| | - Maree J Abbott
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, 2050 Australia
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15
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Abstract
Binge eating is a distressing symptom common to bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia nervosa binge/purge subtype (AN-BP) and binge-eating disorder (BED). Over the last 40 years, many attempts have been made to conceptualise this symptom in terms of its antecedents, function, triggers, consequences, and maintaining factors. Cognitive theories of binge eating have evolved as new evidence has emerged. This literature review summarises the main and most influential cognitive models of binge eating across different eating disorder presentations. Many theories have examined binge eating in the context of restriction or compensatory behaviours, as is often observed in cases of BN. Few theories have examined binge eating as it occurs in BED specifically. The long-term efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment based on these models leaves much to be desired, and indicates that there may be maintaining factors of binge eating not addressed in the typical CBT treatment for eating disorders. More recent cognitive models of binge eating propose possible maintaining beliefs, but further study is required to validate these models. Suggestions for future research are presented.
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Blostein F, Assari S, Caldwell CH. Gender and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Body Image Dissatisfaction and Binge Eating Disorder among Blacks. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 4:529-538. [PMID: 27352115 PMCID: PMC10867815 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research on binge eating has overwhelmingly focused on Whites. We aimed to study gender and ethnic differences in the association between body image dissatisfaction and binge eating in a nationally representative sample of Black adults in the USA. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2003-2004. Self-identified Caribbean Black (n = 1621) and African American (3570) adults aged 18 and older were enrolled. The independent variable was body dissatisfaction measured with two items. Using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI), outcome was lifetime binge eating without hierarchy according to the DSM-IV criteria. Covariates included age, socioeconomic factors (i.e., education and marital status), and body mass index. Ethnicity and gender were focal moderators. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis. RESULTS Despite comparable prevalence of lifetime binge eating (5 vs 4 %, p > 0.05), African Americans reported higher body image dissatisfaction than Caribbean Blacks (36 vs 29 %, p > 0.05). In the pooled sample, body dissatisfaction was a strong predictor of lifetime binge eating disorders. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.039) between ethnicity and body image dissatisfaction on binge eating, suggesting a stronger association between body image dissatisfaction and lifetime binge eating for Caribbean Blacks (OR = 11.65, 95 % 6.89-19.72) than African Americans (OR = 6.72, 95 % CI 3.97-11.37). Gender did not interact with body image dissatisfaction on binge eating. CONCLUSION Ethnic variation in the link between body image dissatisfaction and binge eating may be due to within-race cultural differences in body image between African Americans and Caribbean Blacks. This may include different definitions, norms, and expectations regarding the body size. Findings suggest that ethnicity may bias relevance of body image dissatisfaction as a diagnostic criterion for binge eating disorders among diverse populations of Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freida Blostein
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 2858 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Shervin Assari
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 2858 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, 2858 SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Burton AL, Hay P, Kleitman S, Smith E, Raman J, Swinbourne J, Touyz SW, Abbott MJ. Confirmatory factor analysis and examination of the psychometric properties of the eating beliefs questionnaire. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:237. [PMID: 28673268 PMCID: PMC5496235 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a 27-item self-report measure that assesses positive and negative beliefs about binge eating. It has been validated and its factor structure explored in a non-clinical sample. This study tested the psychometric properties of the EBQ in a clinical and a non-clinical sample. METHOD A sample of 769 participants (573 participants recruited from the university and general community, 76 seeking treatment for an eating disorder and 120 participating in obesity research) completed a battery of questionnaires. A subset of clinical participants with a diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorder completed the test-battery before and after receiving a psychological treatment (n = 27) or after allocation to a wait-list period (n = 28), and a subset of 35 community participants completed the test battery again after an interval of two-weeks. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed. RESULTS CFA found a two-factor structure that provided a good fit to the data, supporting the solution presented in the development paper. Items with poor psychometric properties were removed, resulting in a 16 item measure. EBQ scores were found to correlate with binge eating episode frequency, increases in body mass index (BMI), and measures of eating disorder behaviours and related psychopathology. The EBQ was found to have excellent internal consistency (α = .94), good test-retest reliability (r = .91) and sensitivity to treatment. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the EBQ is a psychometrically sound and clinically useful measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Burton
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sabina Kleitman
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jayanthi Raman
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jessica Swinbourne
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Stephen W. Touyz
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Maree J. Abbott
- 0000 0004 1936 834Xgrid.1013.3School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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18
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Lucena-Santos P, Carvalho SA, Oliveira MDS, Pinto-Gouveia J. Body-Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire: Its deleterious influence on binge eating and psychometric validation. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2017; 17:151-160. [PMID: 30487890 PMCID: PMC6220905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of BI-AAQ (Body-Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire) and the body image psychological flexibility role as a mediator in a pervasive path towards binge eating in Brazilian samples. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in clinical (overweight or obese women currently in treatment for weight loss; n= 330) and non-clinical (general population; n= 682) groups of women. Results: BI-AAQ has one-factor structure, excellent internal consistency, ability to detect differences between groups and measurement invariance across samples. It was also negatively associated with self-compassion and positively associated with binge eating severity, drive for thinness and self-criticism. Conclusions: This study provides data confirming the robust psychometric properties of BI-AAQ in qualitatively different samples. Furthermore, an additional study conducted in a clinical sample of women with overweight or obesity revealed that body image psychological inflexibility has emerged as a partial and significant mediator of the effect of self-criticism and drive for thinness on binge eating severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lucena-Santos
- Cognitive-Behavioral Research Centre (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio A Carvalho
- Cognitive-Behavioral Research Centre (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margareth da Silva Oliveira
- Evaluation and Treatment in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies - Research Group (GAAPCC), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Pinto-Gouveia
- Cognitive-Behavioral Research Centre (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Lucena-Santos P, Trindade IA, Oliveira M, Pinto-Gouveia J. Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire—Body Image: Psychometric Properties and Its Incremental Power in the Prediction of Binge Eating Severity. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 151:379-392. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2017.1305322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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20
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Burgess EE, Sylvester MD, Morse KE, Amthor FR, Mrug S, Lokken KL, Osborn MK, Soleymani T, Boggiano MM. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:930-936. [PMID: 27159906 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on food craving, intake, binge eating desire, and binge eating frequency in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD N = 30 adults with BED or subthreshold BED received a 20-min 2 milliampere (mA) session of tDCS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; anode right/cathode left) and a sham session. Food image ratings assessed food craving, a laboratory eating test assessed food intake, and an electronic diary recorded binge variables. RESULTS tDCS versus sham decreased craving for sweets, savory proteins, and an all-foods category, with strongest reductions in men (p < 0.05). tDCS also decreased total and preferred food intake by 11 and 17.5%, regardless of sex (p < 0.05), and reduced desire to binge eat in men on the day of real tDCS administration (p < 0.05). The reductions in craving and food intake were predicted by eating less frequently for reward motives, and greater intent to restrict calories, respectively. DISCUSSION This proof of concept study is the first to find ameliorating effects of tDCS in BED. Stimulation of the right DLPFC suggests that enhanced cognitive control and/or decreased need for reward may be possible functional mechanisms. The results support investigation of repeated tDCS as a safe and noninvasive treatment adjunct for BED. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:930-936).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee E Burgess
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maria D Sylvester
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kathryn E Morse
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Frank R Amthor
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kristine L Lokken
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary K Osborn
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Taraneh Soleymani
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary M Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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21
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Pratt HD, Phillips EL, Greydanus DE, Patel DR. Eating Disorders in the Adolescent Population:. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558403018003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents become vulnerable to developing eating disorders as they mature. Very little is known about the prevalence, etiology, assessment, treatment, and outcome of eating disorders among adolescents. In general, research on eating disorders continues to be plagued with design flaws. Future studies need to be prospective research based on larger, more diverse samples of adolescents that represent all developmental stages of adolescence. Consistent diagnostic criteria and definitions of treatment interventions and outcomes also need to be employed. In addition, research should address the identification of protective and risk factors that predict who will actually develop an eating disorder.
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22
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Caught in the struggle with food craving: Development and validation of a new cognitive fusion measure. Appetite 2016; 101:146-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Schlüter N, Schmidt R, Kittel R, Tetzlaff A, Hilbert A. Loss of control eating in adolescents from the community. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:413-20. [PMID: 26711325 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of control (LOC) eating is a salient indicator of eating disorder psychopathology in adolescents and is associated with marked distress. While research has focused on the relevance of episode size, clinical significance of LOC eating frequency has rarely been explored. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying LOC eating prevalence with respect to its recurrence and associated variables in a community-based sample. METHOD Participants were 1,643 adolescents, aged 12-20 years (62.4% female). Based on EDE-Q self-report, participants were categorized as those reporting recurrent (N = 156; 9.5%), nonrecurrent (N = 226; 13.8%), and no LOC eating (N = 1261; 76.7%). RESULTS Adolescents with recurrent LOC eating reported clinically relevant and significantly greater eating disorder psychopathology, functional impairment, and distress because of LOC eating, and a significantly higher body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2) ) than adolescents with nonrecurrent and those without LOC eating. DISCUSSION These results underline that LOC eating is a common eating behavior among adolescents in the community associated with clinical characteristics of eating disorders, and could therefore be a risk factor for developing full- or partial-syndrome eating disorders. Further research on the classification of eating disorders in adolescents with LOC eating and severity indicators is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schlüter
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebekka Kittel
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Tetzlaff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Wilfley DE, Citrome L, Herman BK. Characteristics of binge eating disorder in relation to diagnostic criteria. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2213-23. [PMID: 27621631 PMCID: PMC5010172 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to examine the evidentiary basis for binge eating disorder (BED) with reference to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for BED. A PubMed search restricted to titles and abstracts of English-language reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, journal articles, and letters using human participants was conducted on August 7, 2015, using keywords that included "binge eating disorder," DSM-5, DSM-IV, guilt, shame, embarrassment, quantity, psychological, behavior, and "shape and weight concerns." Of the 257 retrieved publications, 60 publications were considered relevant to discussions related to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and were included in the current review, and 20 additional references were also included on the basis of the authors' knowledge and/or on a review of the reference lists from relevant articles obtained through the literature search. Evidence supports the duration/frequency criterion for BED and the primary importance of loss of control and marked distress in identifying individuals with BED. Although overvaluation of shape/weight is not a diagnostic criterion, its relationship to the severity of BED psychopathology may identify a unique subset of individuals with BED. Additionally, individuals with BED often exhibit a clinical profile consisting of psychiatric (eg, mood, obsessive-compulsive, and impulsive disorders) and medical (eg, gastrointestinal symptoms, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes) comorbidities and behavioral profiles (eg, overconsumption of calories outside of a binge eating episode and emotional eating). Future revisions of the BED diagnostic criteria should consider the inclusion of BED subtypes, perhaps based on the overvaluation of shape/weight, and an evidence-based reassessment of severity criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Leslie Citrome
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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25
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Nicholls W, Devonport TJ, Blake M. The association between emotions and eating behaviour in an obese population with binge eating disorder. Obes Rev 2016; 17:30-42. [PMID: 26644173 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is utility in understanding the antecedents of binge eating (BE), with a view to explaining poorer weight loss treatment responses in this subgroup. A systematic review was completed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with the aim of exploring associations between emotions and eating behaviour in a population affected by obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). A comprehensive literature search of four electronic databases (2004-2014) yielded 15 studies for inclusion. Included studies performed poorly on data quality analysis with respect to controlling for confounding variables, and sample size. Included papers largely focused on negative emotions as antecedents of BE; depression was consistently associated with a BED-obese classification and BE. Negative mood, sadness, tension and instability of emotions were found to be antecedents of BE in an adult BED-obese sample. However, findings were mixed regarding the role of stress, anger and positive emotions within the BED-obese population. Recommendations are presented for the identification of BED, and ecologically valid experimental designs that further understanding of the complex and varied emotions that associate with BE. The implications of these and other limitations for both researchers and practitioners are discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research alongside suggestions for practitioners. © 2015 World Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nicholls
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - T J Devonport
- Institute of Sport, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - M Blake
- Institute of Sport, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Parker K, O'Brien P, Brennan L. Measurement of disordered eating following bariatric surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Surg 2015; 24:945-53. [PMID: 24744189 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating is elevated in bariatric surgery patients and is a risk factor for poor surgical outcomes. A systematic review evaluated the definitions and measurement methods used to identify and assess disordered eating in patients following bariatric surgery. One hundred articles were identified featuring 35 questionnaires and 23 interviews. There were numerous variations to diagnostic criteria and amendments to measures to account for the post-surgical eating context. Only 20% of questionnaires and 4% of interviews had reported psychometric evaluation in post-surgery samples. Results highlight the need for a consistent definition of disordered eating and for current assessment measures to be (a) adapted to account for the altered gastrointestinal system in patients following surgery and (b) psychometrically evaluated in bariatric surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Parker
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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Expanding binge eating assessment: Validity and screening value of the Binge Eating Scale in women from the general population. Eat Behav 2015; 18:41-7. [PMID: 25880043 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing recognition that binge eating is a prevalent problem with serious implications for both clinical and nonclinical samples. The current study aimed at examining the factor structure, psychometric properties and the screening usefulness of the Binge Eating Scale (BES) in a large sample of female college students and women from the Portuguese general population. A sample of 1008 participants was collected to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and test the BES psychometric properties; 150 participants were further evaluated through the Eating Disorder Examination 16.0D to assess the discriminant validity of the BES. Results confirmed that the BES presents a sound one-dimensional factorial structure, with very good construct reliability and convergent validity. Also, the scale presented very good retest-reliability. Findings also offered evidence that the BES is positively associated with measures of eating and general psychopathology, and BMI. Furthermore, the BES revealed an excellent performance (96.7%) on discriminating clinically significant cases of binge eating, showing a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 97.8%. Results support the validity and usefulness of the BES as an assessment and screening tool for binge eating in women from the general population.
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28
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Mama SK, Schembre SM, O'Connor DP, Kaplan CD, Bode S, Lee RE. Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to reduce binge eating symptoms in African American and Hispanic women. Appetite 2015; 95:269-74. [PMID: 26188275 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lifestyle interventions that promote physical activity and healthy dietary habits may reduce binge eating symptoms and be more feasible and sustainable among ethnic minority women, who are less likely to seek clinical treatment for eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) whether participating in a lifestyle intervention is a feasible way to decrease binge eating symptoms (BES) and (2) whether changes in BES differed by intervention (physical activity vs. dietary habits) and binge eating status at baseline (binger eater vs. non-binge eater) in African American and Hispanic women. METHOD Health Is Power (HIP) was a longitudinal randomized controlled trial to promote physical activity and improve dietary habits. Women (N = 180) who completed anthropometric measures and questionnaires assessing fruit and vegetable and dietary fat intake, BES and demographics at baseline and post-intervention six months later were included in the current study. RESULTS Over one-fourth (27.8%) of participants were categorized as binge-eaters. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significant two- and three-way interactions. Decreases in BES over time were greater in binge eaters than in non-binge eaters (F(1,164) = 33.253, p < .001), and women classified as binge eaters who participated in the physical activity intervention reported greater decreases in BES than non-binge eaters in the dietary habits intervention (F(1,157) = 5.170, p = .024). DISCUSSION Findings suggest behavioral interventions to increase physical activity may lead to reductions in BES among ethnic minority women and ultimately reduce the prevalence of binge eating disorder and health disparities in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Unit 1440, Houston, TX 77030-3906, USA; Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Gym Rm 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Susan M Schembre
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St., Unit 1330, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Gym Rm 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Charles D Kaplan
- Hamovitch Center for Science in the Human Services, School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Montgomery Ross Fisher Building, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA.
| | - Sharon Bode
- Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Garrison Gym Rm 104, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd,St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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The Specificity of Psychological Factors Associated with Binge Eating in Adolescent Boys and Girls. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 43:1563-1571. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Coker EL, von Lojewski A, Luscombe GM, Abraham SF. The difficulty in defining binge eating in obese women: how it affects prevalence levels in presurgical bariatric patients. Eat Behav 2015; 17:130-5. [PMID: 25704360 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to determine how increasing the specificity of binge eating criteria affects the prevalence of self-reported binge eating among presurgical bariatric patients. METHOD 197 women ages 20 to 65 being assessed for bariatric surgery with a BMI greater than 30kg/m(2) were interviewed and completed the Eating and Exercise Examination. RESULTS The prevalence of self-reported binge eating was 55% (n=109). The addition of the criterion 'more than a little loss of control/distress' reduced the rate to 23% (n=45), a minimum of six servings of food reduced the rate to 34% (n=67). The addition of a minimum frequency of twice per week for six months (DSM-VI) reduced the rate to 22% (n=43), or once per week for three months (DSM-5) reduced the rate to 53% (n=104). DISCUSSION More precise definitions and diagnostic criteria for binge eating may result in more consistent reports of prevalence levels of BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Coker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Astrid von Lojewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Life Weight Loss Centre, Suite 2, Level 4, 171 Bigge Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Georgina M Luscombe
- The School of Rural Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 1191, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Suzanne F Abraham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Factor structure of a French version of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire among women with and without binge eating disorder symptoms. Eat Weight Disord 2015; 20:137-44. [PMID: 25194301 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-014-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is a self-report questionnaire that is widely used to investigate the core features of eating disorders. The EDE-Q is derived from the Eating Disorder Examination, a semi-structured interview considered as the "gold standard" in the assessment of eating disorders. To verify the factor structure of both instruments, originally composed of four subscales, factor analyses have been conducted with various samples. Heterogeneous results were found. Because no study had investigated the factor structure of the EDE-Q in individuals with binge eating disorder, the goal of our study was to fill this gap. We started with a review of the studies on the EDE and EDE-Q factor structure to decide which models to compare. Among 21 studies that were identified, three models had been replicated several times. We compared these three models-a 22-item, 3-factor model, a brief 7-item, 3-factor model and a brief 8-item, 1-factor model-in two samples of participants, one with threshold and subthreshold criteria for binge eating disorder (N = 116) and one without eating disorders (N = 161). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit for the brief 7-item, 3-factor model for both populations, whereas other solutions were not acceptable. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the three factors were acceptable to good, ranging between 0.714 and 0.953. The group with binge eating disorder symptoms had significantly higher scores for each factor. This brief 7-item instrument might be useful for screening or short interventions.
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Vinai P, Da Ros A, Speciale M, Gentile N, Tagliabue A, Vinai P, Bruno C, Vinai L, Studt S, Cardetti S. Psychopathological characteristics of patients seeking for bariatric surgery, either affected or not by binge eating disorder following the criteria of the DSM IV TR and of the DSM 5. Eat Behav 2015; 16:1-4. [PMID: 25464057 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We evaluate whether there are any significant differences in psychopathology between severe obese patients affected by Binge Eating Disorder diagnosed following both the DSM IV TR and the DSM5 criteria, and severe obese patients not having an eating disorder. METHOD 118 severe obese patients seeking treatment at a center for bariatric surgery in northern Italy were asked to take part in the current study for a period of six months. Average participant age was 44.27 years, SD 12.42. Age ranged from 18 to 67 years. Average patient BMI was 45.03, SD 7.11, ranging from 32.14 to 66.16 kg/m(2). Seventy seven of the patients (65.3%) were females and 41 (34.7%) were males. BED diagnosis was determined following the diagnostic criteria of both the DSM IV TR and the DSM 5. The presence of other eating disorders was excluded through a clinical screening using the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). Patient eating habits and the presence of emotional eating were appraised using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Levels of depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS 57 out of 118 patients were found to be affected by BED following the DSM 5 criteria; among them 24 followed those of the DSM IV TR. BED patients scored higher on four subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory: Drive for thinness (DT), Bulimia (B), Body dissatisfaction (BD) and Interoceptive awareness (IA) on the STAI and on the Disinhibition and Hunger subscales of the TFEQ. DISCUSSION The results confirm the presence of high levels of psychopathology among patients diagnosed with BED, even if they have been diagnosed following the criteria of the DSM 5. There is a great overlap in psychopathology between BED patients diagnosed following the DSM IV TR and the DSM 5 criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Vinai
- "Studi Cognitivi" Post-graduate Cognitive Psychotherapy School Milano, Italy; GNOSIS non-profit research group, Cuneo, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Da Ros
- "Studi Cognitivi" Post-graduate Cognitive Psychotherapy School Milano, Italy; GNOSIS non-profit research group, Cuneo, Italy; Eating Disorders and Obesity Surgery, ULSS 13, Mirano-Dolo, Venice, Italy
| | - Maurizio Speciale
- "Studi Cognitivi" Post-graduate Cognitive Psychotherapy School Milano, Italy; GNOSIS non-profit research group, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Nicola Gentile
- Eating Disorders and Obesity Surgery, ULSS 13, Mirano-Dolo, Venice, Italy
| | - Anna Tagliabue
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorders Research Center, Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Vinai
- GNOSIS non-profit research group, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Vinai
- GNOSIS non-profit research group, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cardetti
- "Studi Cognitivi" Post-graduate Cognitive Psychotherapy School Milano, Italy; GNOSIS non-profit research group, Cuneo, Italy
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Prevalence and correlates of binge eating in seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 217:47-53. [PMID: 24680872 PMCID: PMC4019042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eating pathology in Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) may be more severe than hyperphagia during winter. Although research has documented elevated rates of subclinical binge eating in women with SAD, the prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder (BED) in SAD remain largely uncharacterized. We examined the prevalence and correlates of binge eating, weekly binge eating with distress, and BED as defined by the DSM-IV-TR in SAD. We also tested whether binge eating exhibits a seasonal pattern among individuals with BED. Two samples were combined to form a sample of individuals with SAD (N=112). A third sample included non-depressed adults with clinical (n=12) and subclinical (n=11) BED. All participants completed the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R) and modified Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (M-SPAQ). In the SAD sample, 26.5% reported binge eating, 11.6% met criteria for weekly binge eating with distress, and 8.9% met criteria for BED. Atypical symptom severity predicted binge eating and BED. In the BED sample, 30% endorsed seasonal worsening of mood, and 26% reported a winter pattern of binge eating. The spectrum of eating pathology in SAD includes symptoms of BED, which are associated with atypical depression symptoms, but typical depression symptoms.
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Mangweth-Matzek B, Hoek HW, Rupp CI, Lackner-Seifert K, Frey N, Whitworth AB, Pope HG, Kinzl J. Prevalence of eating disorders in middle-aged women. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:320-4. [PMID: 24293379 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of eating disorders (ED) in middle-aged women. METHOD We mailed anonymous questionnaires to 1,500 Austrian women aged 40-60 years, assessing ED (defined by DSM-IV), subthreshold ED, body image, and quality of life. We broadly defined "subthreshold ED" by the presence of either (1) binge eating with loss of control or (2) purging behavior, without requiring any of the other usual DSM-IV criteria for frequency or severity of these symptoms. RESULTS Of the 715 (48%) responders, 33 [4.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3-6.4%] reported symptoms meeting full DSM-IV criteria for an ED [bulimia nervosa = 10; binge eating disorder = 11; eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) = 12]. None displayed anorexia nervosa. Another 34 women (4.8%; CI: 3.4-6.6%) displayed subthreshold ED. These women showed levels of associated psychopathology virtually equal to the women with full-syndrome diagnoses. DISCUSSION ED appear common in middle-aged women, with a preponderance of binge eating disorder and EDNOS diagnoses as compared to the "classical" diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Interestingly, middle-aged women with even very broadly defined subthreshold ED showed distress and impairment comparable to women with full-scale ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mangweth-Matzek
- University Clinic of Psychosomatic Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Parker K, Brennan L. Measurement of disordered eating in bariatric surgery candidates: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 9:12-25. [PMID: 25660171 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of disordered eating are common among patients seeking bariatric surgery, and assessment of eating pathology is typical in pre-surgical evaluations. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the definitions, diagnostic criteria and measures used to assess disordered eating in adults seeking bariatric surgery. The review identified 147 articles featuring 34 questionnaires and 45 interviews used in pre-surgical assessments. The Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns Revised and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM were the most frequently used questionnaire and interview respectively. Variations to pre-surgical diagnostic criteria included changes to the frequency and duration criteria for binge eating, and inconsistent use of disordered eating definitions (e.g., grazing). Results demonstrate a paucity of measures designed specifically for an obese sample, and only 24% of questionnaires and 4% of interviews used had any reported psychometric evaluation in bariatric surgery candidates. The psychometric data available suggest that interview assessments are critical for accurately identifying binge episodes and other diagnostic information, while self-report questionnaires may be valuable for providing additional information of clinical utility (e.g., severity of eating, shape and weight-related concerns). Findings highlight the need for consensus on disordered eating diagnostic criteria and psychometric evaluation of measures to determine whether existing measures provide a valid assessment of disordered eating in this population. Consistent diagnosis and the use of validated measures will facilitate accurate identification of disordered eating in the pre-surgical population to enable assessment of suitability for surgery and appropriate targeting of treatment for disordered eating to optimise treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Parker
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leah Brennan
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Mangweth-Matzek B, Hoek HW, Rupp CI, Kemmler G, Pope HG, Kinzl J. The menopausal transition--a possible window of vulnerability for eating pathology. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:609-16. [PMID: 23847142 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No published studies, to our knowledge, have examined the association of menopausal status with eating disorders and body image in women. We assessed these associations in a large sample of middle-aged women. METHOD We administered an anonymous questionnaire to a randomly selected nonclinical sample of women aged 40-60 in Innsbruck, Austria. The questionnaire covered demographic items, menopausal status, weight history, measures of body image, and current eating disorders as diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria. Using modified WHO criteria, we classified the respondents' current stage of menopausal transition as premenopausal (N = 192), perimenopausal (N = 110), or naturally postmenopausal (N = 134). In a separate analysis, we also examined the small group of women with surgically induced menopause (N = 12). RESULTS The three groups were similar in all demographic features except age, and did not differ significantly on current body mass index (BMI), weight-control behaviors, or dieting history after age adjustment. However, perimenopausal women reported a significantly greater prevalence of eating disorders as compared to premenopausal women. Perimenopausal women also reported significantly higher self-ratings of "feeling fat" and higher Body Shape Questionnaire scores than premenopausal women. Women with surgically induced menopause also showed an elevated prevalence of eating and body image pathology. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that the menopausal transition is associated with an increased prevalence of eating disorders and negative body image. Menopause, like puberty, may perhaps represent a window of vulnerability to these conditions, likely because of changes in hormonal function, body composition, and conceptions of womanhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mangweth-Matzek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bush HE, Rossy L, Mintz LB, Schopp L. Eat for life: a work site feasibility study of a novel mindfulness-based intuitive eating intervention. Am J Health Promot 2013; 28:380-8. [PMID: 23941103 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.120404-quan-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the efficacy of a novel intervention for problematic eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction. DESIGN Participants enrolled in the intervention or waitlist comparison group were assessed at pre and post 10 weeks. SETTING Midwestern university. SUBJECTS One hundred twenty-four female employees or partners/spouses. INTERVENTION Eat for Life is a 10-week group intervention integrating mindfulness and intuitive eating skills. MEASURES Self-report questionnaires included the Intuitive Eating Scale, Body Appreciation Scale, Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses, and an author-constructed supplemental and demographic questionnaire. ANALYSIS Analyses of covariance and ordinal regression measured group differences. Structural equation modeling examined mediation effects. Results . Significant differences between groups were observed for body appreciation (F1,121 = 40.17, p = .000, partial eta squared = .25), intuitive eating (F1,121 = 67.44, p = .000, partial eta squared = .36), and mindfulness (F1,121 = 30.50, p = .000, partial eta squared = .20), with mean scores significantly higher in the intervention group than waitlist comparison group after 10 weeks. The intervention group was 3.65 times more likely to be asymptomatic for disordered eating than the comparison group. Mindfulness served as a partial mediator. CONCLUSION The study provides support for an intervention combining intuitive eating and mindfulness for treatment of problematic eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction, with limitations including self-selection and lack of active control group.
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Readability and comprehension of self-report binge eating measures. Eat Behav 2013; 14:167-70. [PMID: 23557814 PMCID: PMC3618665 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The validity of self-report binge eating instruments among individuals with limited literacy is uncertain. This study aims to evaluate reading grade level and multiple domains of comprehension of 13 commonly used self-report assessments of binge eating for use in low-literacy populations. We evaluated self-report binge eating measures with respect to reading grade levels, measure length, formatting and linguistic problems. RESULTS All measures were written at a reading grade level higher than is recommended for patient materials (above the 5th to 6th grade level), and contained several challenging elements related to comprehension. Correlational analyses suggested that readability and comprehension elements were distinct contributors to measure difficulty. Individuals with binge eating who have low levels of educational attainment or limited literacy are often underrepresented in measure validation studies. Validity of measures and accurate assessment of symptoms depend on an individual's ability to read and comprehend instructions and items, and these may be compromised in populations with lower levels of literacy.
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The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26): Reliability and Validity in Spanish Female Samples. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 13:1044-56. [DOI: 10.1017/s1138741600002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the validation of the Spanish form of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26; Garner, Olmsted, Bohr & Garfinkel, 1982) across two studies. Participants in Study 1 were 778 females recruited from community settings (aged 12-21). Study 2 included 86 females recruited from clinical and 86 females from community settings (aged 12-35). Results from Principal and Simultaneous Component Analyses showed a unidimensional structure of the EAT-26 item scores. Reliability analyses supported the internal consistency of the scale. Study 1 also explores the ability of the EAT-26 to discriminate between subjects with Eating Disorder (ED), Symptomatic or Asymptomatic by means of ROC analyses and using results from the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses (Q-EDD; Mintz, O'Halloran, Mulholland, & Schneider, 1997) as criterion. The EAT-26 demonstrated good specificity but insufficient sensitivity to detect a full or partial ED. Study 2 explores the ability of the questionnaire to discriminate between subjects with and without ED. The EAT-26 demonstrated good specificity and moderate sensitivity to detect ED. Clinical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
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Bankoff SM, Valentine SE, Jackson MA, Schacht RL, Pantalone DW. Compensatory weight control behaviors of women in emerging adulthood: associations between childhood abuse experiences and adult relationship avoidance. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2013; 61:468-475. [PMID: 24152024 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2013.833515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine correlates of compensatory weight control behaviors among women in transition between adolescence and adulthood. PARTICIPANTS The authors recruited a sample of undergraduate women (N = 759) at a large northwestern university during the 2009-2010 academic year. METHODS Logistic regression was used to assess relations among childhood abuse, psychosocial functioning, adult dating relationship factors, and women's endorsement of compensatory weight control behaviors. RESULTS The final model reliably distinguished between participants who endorsed versus denied use of compensatory behaviors (χ(2)[5, N = 747] = 36.37, p < .001), with global psychosocial functioning and relationship avoidance accounting for the most variance. CONCLUSIONS These findings illustrate the importance of considering childhood abuse histories and adult relationships while assessing young women's compensatory weight control behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bankoff
- a Psychology Service, VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston , Massachusetts
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Sandberg RM, Dahl JK, Vedul-Kjelsås E, Engum B, Kulseng B, Mårvik R, Eriksen L. Health-related quality of life in obese presurgery patients with and without binge eating disorder, and subdiagnostic binge eating disorders. J Obes 2013; 2013:878310. [PMID: 23577241 PMCID: PMC3610340 DOI: 10.1155/2013/878310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in obese presurgery patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and with subdiagnostic binge eating disorder (SBED) compared to patients without eating disorders or SBED. METHOD Participants were patients referred to St. Olavs University Hospital, Norway, for bariatric surgery. Eating Disorders in Obesity (EDO) questionnaire was used to diagnose BED and SBED. Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) assessed health-related quality of life. Questionnaires were returned by 160 of 209 patients. The present study sample consisted of 143 patients (103 women and 40 men) as 17 patients did not complete the SF-12. RESULTS Patients with BED and patients with SBED both had significantly lower mental HRQoL, but not physical HRQoL, compared to patients without eating disorders. DISCUSSION The findings indicate that obese presurgery patients with BED, and also SBED, may have special treatment needs in regard to their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Marie Sandberg
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Nidaros DPS, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7440 Trondheim, Norway.
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Grilo CM, Masheb RM, Brody M, Toth C, Burke-Martindale CH, Rothschild BS. Childhood Maltreatment in Extremely Obese Male and Female Bariatric Surgery Candidates**. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:123-30. [PMID: 15761171 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine rates of self-reported childhood maltreatment in extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates and to explore associations with sex, eating disorder features, and psychological functioning. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Three hundred forty (58 men and 282 women) extremely obese consecutive candidates for gastric bypass surgery completed a questionnaire battery. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was given to assess childhood maltreatment. RESULTS Overall, 69% of patients self-reported childhood maltreatment: 46% reported emotional abuse, 29% reported physical abuse, 32% reported sexual abuse, 49% reported emotional neglect, and 32% reported physical neglect. Except for higher rates of emotional abuse reported by women, different forms of maltreatment did not differ significantly by sex. Different forms of maltreatment were generally not associated with binge eating, current BMI, or eating disorder features. At the Bonferonni-corrected significance level, emotional abuse was associated with higher eating concerns and body dissatisfaction, and emotional neglect was associated with higher eating concerns. In terms of psychological functioning, at the Bonferonni-corrected level, emotional abuse and emotional neglect were associated with higher depression and lower self-esteem, and physical abuse was associated with higher depression. DISCUSSION Extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates reported rates of maltreatment comparable with those reported by clinical groups and roughly two to three times higher than normative community samples. Reported experiences of maltreatment differed little by sex and were generally not significantly associated with current BMI, binge eating, or eating disorder features. In contrast, maltreatment-notably emotional abuse and neglect-were significantly associated with higher depression and lower self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Psychiatric Research, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208098, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Bulik CM, Sullivan PF, Tambs K, Harris JR. Psychiatric and Medical Symptoms in Binge Eating in the Absence of Compensatory Behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:1445-54. [PMID: 15483209 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the extent to which binge eating in the absence of compensatory behaviors (BE) is associated with psychiatric and medical symptoms in men and women and to control for the independent effects of BMI. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A series of regression models was applied to questionnaire data on 8045 twins, 18 to 31 years old, from a population-based Norwegian registry. RESULTS BE was significantly associated with elevated obesity, overweight, symptoms of eating disorders, symptoms of anxiety and depression, panic attacks, depressive episodes, and reduced life satisfaction in both men and women. In women, BE was independently associated with insomnia and early menarche. In men, BE was independently associated with specific phobia, daily smoking, alcohol use, use of pain medication, impairment due to mental health, neck-shoulder, lower back, and chronic muscular pain, and impairment due to physical health. Both men and women with BE reported higher rates of psychiatric treatment. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that there is substantial comorbidity between BE and psychiatric symptoms independently of BMI for both men and women. Medical symptoms co-occur less frequently than previously reported from treatment-seeking populations in women. Across all domains, the array of symptoms exhibited by men with BE was broader than that observed in women with BE. This observation suggests the importance of considering gender differences in future studies of psychiatric and medical morbidity, binge eating, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Epidemiology, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Barnes RD, White MA, Masheb RM, Grilo CM. Accuracy of self-reported weight and height and resulting body mass index among obese binge eaters in primary care: relationship with eating disorder and associated psychopathology. PRIMARY CARE COMPANION TO THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY 2012; 12. [PMID: 21085556 DOI: 10.4088/pcc.09m00868blu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the accuracy of self-reported weight, height, and body mass index in obese patients with binge-eating disorder (DSM-IV-TR criteria) presenting at primary care clinics and tested whether the degree of inaccuracy was associated with demographic factors or eating disorder and depressive features. METHOD Sixty-six participants were interviewed using the Eating Disorder Examination interview, completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory, and had their height and weight measured between November 2007 and May 2009. RESULTS Self-reported and measured weight did not differ significantly, but participants significantly overestimated their height (P < .01), and this discrepancy resulted in a significantly lower self-reported than measured body mass index (P < .05). Discrepancy scores did not differ by eating disorder or depressive symptoms, sex, or ethnicity, although increasing age was associated with overestimation of height and underestimation of body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that obese patients with binge-eating disorder in primary care settings are reasonably accurate reporters of weight and height and that the degree of inaccuracy does not appear to be systematically related to eating disorder psychopathology or depressive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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DeBoer LB, Tart CD, Presnell KE, Powers MB, Baldwin AS, Smits JAJ. Physical activity as a moderator of the association between anxiety sensitivity and binge eating. Eat Behav 2012; 13:194-201. [PMID: 22664396 PMCID: PMC3614415 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with elevated anxiety sensitivity (AS; i.e., fear of somatic arousal) may binge eat to reduce emotional distress. Because physical activity reduces stress reactivity, we predicted that: (1) the relation between AS and binge eating would be moderated by physical activity and (2) coping motives for eating would mediate the association between AS and binge eating such that the relation would be stronger for those low in physical activity. Participants (N=167) completed online self-report measures. Regression analyses revealed that moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) moderated the relation between AS and binge eating such that AS was not related to binge eating among those who frequently engaged in MPA but was related to binge eating among those who did not report engaging in MPA. Vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) moderated in the opposite direction such that the relation between AS and binge eating was significant among persons reporting high levels of VPA but less strong among persons reporting low levels of VPA. The mediation model was also significant, but was not moderated by MPA or VPA. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jasper A. J. Smits
- Southern Methodist University, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dedman College, PO Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275, United States. Tel.: +1 214 768 4125; fax: +1 214 768 4191.
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Trace SE, Thornton LM, Root TL, Mazzeo SE, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Bulik CM. Effects of reducing the frequency and duration criteria for binge eating on lifetime prevalence of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: implications for DSM-5. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:531-6. [PMID: 21882218 PMCID: PMC3235235 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of reducing the binge eating frequency and duration thresholds on the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD We estimated the lifetime population prevalence of BN and BED in 13,295 female twins from the Swedish Twin study of Adults: Genes and Environment employing a range of frequency and duration thresholds. External validation (risk to cotwin) was used to investigate empirical evidence for an optimal binge eating frequency threshold. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence estimates of BN and BED increased linearly as the frequency criterion decreased. As the required duration increased, the prevalence of BED decreased slightly. Discontinuity in cotwin risk was observed in BN between at least four times per month and at least five times per month. This model could not be fit for BED. DISCUSSION The proposed changes to the DSM-5 binge eating frequency and duration criteria would allow for better detection of binge eating pathology without resulting in a markedly higher lifetime prevalence of BN or BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tammy L. Root
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Bulik, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7160, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, Voice: (919) 843 1689 Fax: (919) 843 8802,
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Castellini G, Mannucci E, Lo Sauro C, Benni L, Lazzeretti L, Ravaldi C, Rotella CM, Faravelli C, Ricca V. Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective binge eating in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a three-year follow-up study. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2012; 81:11-20. [PMID: 22116257 DOI: 10.1159/000329358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of binge eating in bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective binge eating episodes in the two syndromes. METHODS 85 BN and 133 BED patients were studied. Objective and subjective binge eating, and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS At baseline, BN and BED patients showed different emotions associated with binge eating: anger/frustration for BN and depression for BED patients. Objective binge eating frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in BN patients, and with lower emotional eating and depressive symptoms in BED patients. Lower subjective binge eating frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both BN and BED patients. Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for BN patients, and lower depression and emotional eating for BED patients. CONCLUSIONS Eating psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective binge eating in BN and BED patients, and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective binge eating deserves an accurate assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, Florence University School of Medicine, Florence, Italy
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Dahl JK, Eriksen L, Vedul-Kjelsås E, Strømmen M, Kulseng B, Mårvik R, Holen A. Depression, anxiety, and neuroticism in obese patients waiting for bariatric surgery: Differences between patients with and without eating disorders and subthreshold binge eating disorders. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012; 6:e91-e174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Stress-induced laboratory eating behavior in obese women with binge eating disorder. Appetite 2012; 58:457-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Relationship of fruit, vegetable, and fat consumption to binge eating symptoms in African American and Hispanic or Latina women. Eat Behav 2012; 13:179-82. [PMID: 22365808 PMCID: PMC3304303 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
African American (AA) and Hispanic or Latina (HL) women have the highest rates of overweight and obesity of any gender and ethnic groups. Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder in the United States and is linked to overweight and obesity. Traditional treatments for BED may not be appropriate or viable for AA and HL women, because they are less likely than whites to seek treatment for psychological conditions and may have less access to healthcare. Improving dietary habits in those with BED or subthreshold BED may reduce binge eating symptoms. The current study investigated the association of fruit, vegetable, and fat consumption to binge eating symptoms in AA and HL women. AA and HL women in the Health Is Power (HIP) study (N=283) reported fruit and vegetable intake, fat intake, and binge eating symptoms. Women were middle aged (M=45.8 years, SD=9.2) and obese (M BMI=34.5 kg/m(2), SD=7.5). Greater fat consumption was correlated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption (r(s)=-0.159, p<0.01). Higher BMI (r(s)=0.209, p<0.01), and greater fat consumption (r(s)=0.227, p<0.05) were correlated with increased binge eating symptoms. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that for HL women (β=0.130, p=0.024), higher BMI (β=0.148, p=0.012), and greater fat consumption (β=0.196, p=0.001) were associated with increased binge eating symptoms (R(2)=0.086, F(3,278)=8.715, p<0.001). Findings suggest there may be a relationship between fat consumption and binge eating symptoms, warranting further study to determine whether improving dietary habits may serve as a treatment for BED in AA and HL women.
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