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Goulart MB, Vieira Neto E, Garcia DRN, Guimarães MM, de Paiva IS, de Ferran K, dos Santos NCK, Barbosa LS, de Figueiredo AF, Ribeiro MCM, Ribeiro MG. Cell Cycle Kinetics and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Mosaic Turner Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:848. [PMID: 39063601 PMCID: PMC11278208 DOI: 10.3390/life14070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is caused by a complete or partial absence of an X or Y chromosome, including chromosomal mosaicism, affecting 1 in 2500 female live births. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is used as a sensitive indicator of spontaneous chromosome instability. Cells from mosaic patients constitute useful material for SCE evaluations as they grow under the influence of the same genetic background and endogenous and exogenous factors. We evaluated the proliferation dynamics and SCE frequencies of 45,X and 46,XN cells of 17 mosaic TS patients. In two participants, the 45,X cells exhibited a proliferative disadvantage in relation to 46,XN cells after 72 h of cultivation. The analysis of the mean proliferation index (PI) showed a trend for a significant difference between the 45,X and 46,X+der(X)/der(Y) cell lineages; however, there were no intra-individual differences. On the other hand, mean SCE frequencies showed that 46,X+der(X) had the highest mean value and 46,XX the lowest, with 45,X occupying an intermediate position among the lineages found in at least three participants; moreover, there were intra-individual differences in five patients. Although 46,X+der(X)/der(Y) cell lineages, found in more than 70% of participants, were the most unstable, they had a slightly higher mean PI than the 45,X cell lineages in younger (≤17 years) mosaic TS participants. This suggests that cells with a karyotype distinct from 45,X may increase with time in mosaic TS children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beatriz Goulart
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.B.G.); (D.R.N.G.); (A.F.d.F.); (M.C.M.R.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Eduardo Vieira Neto
- Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Daniela R. Ney Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.B.G.); (D.R.N.G.); (A.F.d.F.); (M.C.M.R.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Marília Martins Guimarães
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service, IPPMG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.M.G.); (K.d.F.); (N.C.K.d.S.)
| | - Isaías Soares de Paiva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Grande Rio (Unigranrio), Duque de Caxias 25071-202, RJ, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medicine, Serra dos Órgãos Educational Center (UNIFESO), Teresópolis 25964-004, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karina de Ferran
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service, IPPMG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.M.G.); (K.d.F.); (N.C.K.d.S.)
| | | | - Luciana Santos Barbosa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.B.G.); (D.R.N.G.); (A.F.d.F.); (M.C.M.R.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Amanda F. de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.B.G.); (D.R.N.G.); (A.F.d.F.); (M.C.M.R.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Maria Cecília Menks Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.B.G.); (D.R.N.G.); (A.F.d.F.); (M.C.M.R.); (M.G.R.)
- NUMPEX-BIO Laboratory, Campus Duque de Caxias, UFRJ, Duque de Caxias 25240-005, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Childcare and Pediatrics Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil; (M.B.G.); (D.R.N.G.); (A.F.d.F.); (M.C.M.R.); (M.G.R.)
- Medical Genetics Service, IPPMG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, RJ, Brazil
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De Matteis S, Forastiere F, Baldacci S, Maio S, Tagliaferro S, Fasola S, Cilluffo G, La Grutta S, Viegi G. Issue 1 - “Update on adverse respiratory effects of outdoor air pollution”. Part 1): Outdoor air pollution and respiratory diseases: A general update and an Italian perspective. Pulmonology 2022; 28:284-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Kašuba V, Milić M, Želježić D, Mladinić M, Pizent A, Kljaković-Gašpić Z, Balija M, Jukić I. Biomonitoring findings for occupational lead exposure in battery and ceramic tile workers using biochemical markers, alkaline comet assay, and micronucleus test coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:339-352. [PMID: 33410779 PMCID: PMC7968510 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacture of lead-containing products has long been associated with various health risks. To get an insight into the related genotoxic risks, we conducted a biomonitoring study in 50 exposed workers and 48 matched controls using a battery of endpoints that sensitively detect the extent of genome instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of primary DNA damage were estimated with the alkaline comet assay, while cytogenetic abnormalities were determined with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. Additionally, CBMN slides of 20 exposed and 16 control participants were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), coupled with pancentromeric probes to establish the incidence of centromere-positive micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges. Blood lead levels (B-Pb) were measured with atomic absorption spectrometry. To further characterise cumulative effects of occupational exposure, we measured erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) concentrations and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in blood. We also assessed the influence of serum folate (S-folate) and vitamin B12 (S-B12) on genome stability. Compared to controls, occupationally exposed workers demonstrated significantly higher B-Pb (298.36±162.07 vs 41.58±23.02), MN frequency (18.71±11.06 vs 8.98±7.50), centromere positive MN (C+ MN) (8.15±1.8 vs 3.69±0.47), and centromere negative MN (C- MN) (14.55±1.80 vs 4.56±0.89). Exposed women had significantly higher comet tail intensity (TI) and length (TL) than control women. Furthermore, workers showed a positive correlation between age and nuclear buds and MN, between MN and years of exposure, and between S-B12 levels and TI and ALAD activity, while a negative correlation was found between TI and B-Pb. These findings suggest that occupational settings in the manufacture of lead-containing products pose significant genotoxic risks, which calls for developing more effective work safety programmes, including periodical monitoring of B-Pb and genetic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Balija
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Jukić
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hopf NB, Danuser B, Bolognesi C, Wild P. Age related micronuclei frequency ranges in buccal and nasal cells in a healthy population. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108824. [PMID: 31634720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronuclei (MNs) are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies and determining MN frequencies is a measure of genomic instability. An age-related increase in MN frequencies in lymphocytes has been quantified, but this effect has not yet been measured in nasal and buccal cells. METHODS We determined the effect of age on the MN frequency distributions in buccal and nasal cells among a sample of a general adult population in Switzerland. To maximize the power to detect an effect of age in our population study, we recruited preferentially younger and older working age adults. We harvested buccal and nasal cells from 32 young (19-36 year) and 33 working age (47-71 years) participants. The collected cells were washed, centrifuged, and stained (Feulgen) before microscopic manual counting in 2000 cells. Based on these results, we developed an age-dependent background MN frequency chart to help interpret an individual's MN frequency score as an early signal for the effect of genotoxic exposure. RESULTS MN frequencies were respectively 0.53‰ and 0.47‰ for buccal and nasal among the younger and 0.87‰ and 1.03‰ in the older working age group. This corresponded to a multiplicative slope of 14% and 20% per 10 years of age for buccal and nasal cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our study results, we are able to propose an approach for interpreting an individual's MN screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Formerly IST, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; INRS, French Institute for Research and Safety, Vandoeuvre, France.
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Xotlanihua-Gervacio MDC, Guerrero-Flores MC, Herrera-Moreno JF, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Sordo M, Rojas-García AE. Micronucleus frequency is correlated with antioxidant enzyme levels in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31558-31568. [PMID: 30206828 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can cause DNA damage leading to nuclear anomalies such as micronuclei (MN). Antioxidant enzymes involved in protection against intracellular oxidative stress include glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress and alters antioxidant defense mechanisms, including detoxification and scavenger enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate MN frequency in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides and their relationship with antioxidant enzyme activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 201 individuals, some of whom were dedicated to the spraying of pesticides. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay was conducted, and the activities of GPx, GR, SOD, and CAT were determined. The geometric mean (GM) of MN was 5.4 (1-26 MN). The GM for the antioxidant enzymes was 198.68 U/mL for GPx, 38.96 U/g Hb for GR, 94.78 U/mL for SOD, and 69.77 U/g Hb for CAT. There was a lower MN frequency in males than that in females, and a higher nuclear index. In addition, age affected MN frequency. There was a negative correlation between MN frequency and GPx activity, but a positive one between MN frequency and GR activity. These findings suggest the involvement of GPx in MN frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Carmen Xotlanihua-Gervacio
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias|, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic, Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Mirna Citlali Guerrero-Flores
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias|, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic, Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, P.O. Box 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México DF, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Shah AJ, Prasanth Kumar S, Rao MV, Pandya HA. Ameliorative effects of curcumin towards cyclosporine-induced genotoxic potential: an in vitro and in silico study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:259-269. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1380660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita J. Shah
- Department of Zoology, Human Genetics and Biomedical Technology, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sivakumar Prasanth Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Applied Botany Centre, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mandava V. Rao
- Department of Zoology, Human Genetics and Biomedical Technology, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Himanshu A. Pandya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Applied Botany Centre, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Santovito A, Gendusa C, Cervella P. Evaluation of baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in an Italian population according to age, sex, smoking habits, and gene polymorphisms. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28664594 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased SCEs frequencies in human lymphocytes are an indicator of spontaneous chromosome instability and could be influenced by different exogenous and endogenous factors. In this study, we evaluated the influence of age, sex, smoking habits, and genetic polymorphisms on the background levels of SCEs in peripheral blood lymphocytes. METHODS Two hundred-thirty healthy Italian subjects were recruited. Data about age, sex and smoking habits were recorded. Subjects were also genotyped for GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 A/G, CYP1A1 Ile/Val, CYP2C19 G/A, ERCC2/XPD Lys751Gln, XRCC1 Arg194ATrp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, and XRCC1Arg208His gene polymorphisms. RESULTS The frequency of SCEs/cell was 5.15 ± 1.87, with females showing a significantly higher SCEs value with respect to males (5.36 ± 2.10 and 4.82 ± 1.39, respectively). Smokers showed significantly increased levels of SCEs with respect to nonsmokers (5.93 ± 1.75 and 4.70 ± 1.79, respectively) whereas no differences were observed between heavy and light smokers. Age correlated with the RI value (P = .01) but not with the SCEs frequency (P = 07), although the 31-40 age group showed a significantly lower SCEs frequency with respect to the other age groups. A significant association was also found between GSTP2C19-AA, GSTT1-null, GSTM1-null, ERCC2/XPD Gln751Gln, and XRCC1 His208His genotypes, and higher frequencies of SCEs. CONCLUSION We describe the association between some phase I, phase II, and DNA-repair gene polymorphisms with increased SCEs frequencies, reinforcing the importance of genetic analysis in biomonitoring studies. Sex and age were found to be important endogenous factors that affect the level of genomic damage and the replicative capacity of cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santovito
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, Torino, 10123, Italy
| | - Claudio Gendusa
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, Torino, 10123, Italy
| | - Piero Cervella
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, Torino, 10123, Italy
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Damiani AP, Garcez ML, Letieli de Abreu L, Tavares TH, Rodrigues Boeck C, Moraes de Andrade V. A reduction in DNA damage in neural tissue and peripheral blood of old mice treated with caffeine. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:621-629. [PMID: 28524728 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1286901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on caffeine consumption have shown a negative correlation with development of some diseases with subsequent beneficial manifestations. Our aim was to assess the effects of caffeine on peripheral blood and neural tissue DNA in young adult and aged mice. Male Swiss mice (age 2-3 or 16-18 months, respectively) were treated with a caffeine solution (0.3 g/l) for 4 weeks, while controls received water. After the treatments, blood and hippocampal cells (for a comet assay) and femurs (for a micronucleus [MN] test) were collected. The comet assay of peripheral blood and hippocampal cells demonstrated no significant differences between caffeine-treated and control young adult mice in terms of DNA damage index (DI) and frequency. In contrast, when comparing young adult with aged animals, significant differences were observed in DNA damage in blood and hippocampal cells. The differences between aged animals (with or without caffeine) consisted of a significant decrease in DNA DI in the group that received caffeine. In the MN test, an increase in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic (PCE) erythrocytes was noted in aged animals that received water compared to young adult mice. In addition, comparing treated with control aged murine groups, a decrease in frequency of MN was found in PCE erythrocytes of caffeine-treated mice. Chronic caffeine consumption was neither genotoxic nor mutagenic at the dose tested; however, it appears that caffeine actually protected mice from genotoxicity and mutagenicity, consequences attributed to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriani Paganini Damiani
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Larissa Letieli de Abreu
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Taís Helena Tavares
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Boeck
- b Programa de Pós-graduação em Nanociências , Centro Universitário Franciscano - UNIFRA , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- a Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC , Criciúma , SC , Brazil
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Dass Singh M, Thomas P, Hor M, Almond T, Owens J, Hague W, Fenech M. Infant birth outcomes are associated with DNA damage biomarkers as measured by the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay: the DADHI study. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:355-370. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Grujičić D, Radović M, Arsenijević S, Milošević-Djordjević O. Cytogenetic biomarkers in detection of genotoxic effects of gestagens in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:624-633. [PMID: 27793715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gestagens are the most frequently used steroid hormones in hormone-replacement therapy in the treatment of threatened miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy. This therapy has been applied in a large number of women with threatened abortion, despite various degrees of success of its efficacy. Genetic factors play a key role in miscarriages, especially in the initial stages. Cytogenetic biomarkers such as micronucleus (MN) test, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) provide information on DNA damage. Cytogenetic markers detecting DNA damage have become very popular and useful in analysing genetic risk associated with hormone-replacement therapy. Cytogenetic studies presented heterogenous information. In many in vitro studies synthetic gestagens have been shown to induce genotoxic effects, and it was evaluated using three cytogenetic biomarkers. Genotoxic effects of gestagens have also been confirmed in in vivo studies that were conducted involving patients who received gestagen therapy during pregnancy and their newborns. However, some studies have shown that hormone-replacement therapy does not have genotoxic effects. In this paper, we summarize the results from previous studies. We also describe the usefulness of these biomarkers in the detection of genotoxic effects of hormone-replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Grujičić
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Marina Radović
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Arsenijević
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia; Gynaecology Clinic, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Milošević-Djordjević
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Colao A, Muscogiuri G, Piscitelli P. Environment and Health: Not Only Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E724. [PMID: 27447654 PMCID: PMC4962265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippocratic tradition emphasized environmental causes of diseases and the need for harmony between the individual and the natural environment as the right philosophy to maintain a good health status. Public awareness and scientific attention concerning environmental pollution is usually focused on the consequent increased risk of developing cancer. Air pollution has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) to cause cardiovascular and respiratroy diseases, as well as lung cancer, after acute/chronic exposure to fine particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) even at concentrations which are 50% lower than those accepted as legal limits in many developed countries. An increase of 10 µg/m³ of PM2.5 produces a +4%-6% of overall mortality, a +10% of cardiovascular disease prevalence (arithmyas, acute myocardial infarctions, and heart failure) and a +22% of lung cancer prevalence. In addition to these chronic effects, acute hospitalizations are also affected, especially among susceptible populations such as children and diabetic patients. Water and soil contamination also have an additional detrimental effect on people's health. Other issues concerning environment contamination and human health include male/female fertility, metabolic and thyroid conditions, but also professional exposures resulting in occupational diseases. Moreover, in the perspective of "gender medicine", different acute or chronic effects of environmental pollution should be specifically assessed both in men and in women. This special issue on "Environmental Diseases" is aimed at providing a global overview about different threats to human health possibily originating from environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Southern Italy Hospital Institute (IOS), Medicina Futura Research, Naples 80143, Italy.
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Southern Italy Hospital Institute (IOS), Medicina Futura Research, Naples 80143, Italy.
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Islas-González K, González-Horta C, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Reyes-Aragón E, Levario-Carrillo M. In vitro assessment of the genotoxicity of ethyl paraoxon in newborns and adults. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 24:319-24. [PMID: 16004199 DOI: 10.1191/0960327105ht534oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro experiment measured the genotoxic effects of ethyl paraoxon, the active metabolite of ethyl parathion. To assess genotoxicity, we used the micronuclei (MN) technique by blocking cytokinesis, and the ‘comet’ assay. We cultured peripheral blood samples from healthy adults and umbilical cord blood samples from four clinically healthy newborns to identify the frequency of MN. After 48 hours, we added the following ethyl paraoxon concentrations to the cultures: 0.0, 0.075, 0.100, 0.160, and 0.200 μg/mL. For the comet assay, following Singh's technique, we treated the blood samples for 2 hours with similar doses of the metabolite. The comet assay results, at a concentration of 0.075 μg/mL, showed that ethyl paraoxon causes a greater DNA migration that followed a dose-response pattern, a greater intensity being observed in lymphocytes from newborns. A comparison of the treatment and control groups indicated that only the 0.200 μg/mL concentration produced a slight increase in MN. In conclusion, our study identified primary DNA damage due to ethyl paraoxon, with a major effect on newborn lymphocytes, as well as an effect on the frequency of MN in the study groups at high concentrations only.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Islas-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México
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13
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Mader RM, Kokalj A, Kratochvil E, Pilger A, Rüdiger HW. Longitudinal biomonitoring of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. J Clin Nurs 2016; 18:263-9. [PMID: 18624785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess a possible trend in the genotoxic risk of oncologic nurses during the working year, cytogenetic biomonitoring was performed. BACKGROUND Exposure to cytostatic agents is a major occupational concern in oncologic personnel. In contrast to the controlled environment in oncology pharmacies, nurses may be subject to unexpected events of exposure due to the intensive contact with patients. DESIGN AND METHODS The entire nursing staff of an oncology inpatient ward (n = 15) participated in a biomonitoring study over a period of nine months using the sister chromatid exchange test and the comet assay to detect DNA strand breaks. Blood samples were taken after a three-week summer break (base level), one, three, six and nine months thereafter. Airborne contaminations of cytotoxics were addressed by chromatographic methods. RESULTS With regard to the single monitoring points, the comet assay revealed no significant alteration of the genotoxic burden within nine months. By contrast, the sister chromatid exchange levels were significantly increased after six and nine months when compared with base levels. A trend analysis covering the whole observation period revealed an increase in genotoxicity as shown by the sister chromatid exchange test and the alkaline but not the neutral comet assay. This increase, however, was small and reversible as shown by the trend analysis of sister chromatid exchange rates during the years of service. Air samples were negative for cytotoxic contaminants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The small, but statistically significant genotoxic burden observed in oncologic nurses of an inpatient ward emphasises the need for a continuing effort to eliminate residual occupational risks. In comparison with historical controls, the current situation is characterised by beneficial safety improvements over the last years. Nevertheless, periodic training and awareness of the problems should be an integral part of advanced education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Mader
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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De Pascalis I, Pilato B, Mazzotta A, Dell'Endice TS, Rubini V, Simone G, Paradiso A, Aiello V, Mangia A. Sister chromatid exchange: A possible approach to characterize familial breast cancer patients. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:930-4. [PMID: 25434423 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency is widely used as an indicator of spontaneous chromosome instability. We investigated SCE frequency in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of familial and sporadic breast cancer (BC) patients from the Apulian Caucasian Population. Eighty-one patients were enrolled: 22 with familial history and 59 sporadic patients. Eleven familial patients had an 'increased risk' of BRCA gene mutation (BRCAPro ≥ 10%) and were candidates for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation analysis. For these reasons, we stratified the 22 familial BC patients in two group: 'low-risk' (n=11) and 'high-risk' (n=11) patients for BRCA gene mutations. Two of these 11 'high-risk' patients (18%) had pathogenic mutations in the BRCA2 gene. The subjects were not cigarette smokers or alcohol or drug users, and had no genetic disorders or chronic diseases affecting the family. Our results showed a significant increase in SCE frequency in the familial (5.305 ± 1.088/metaphase) (P<0.0001) and the sporadic patients (3.943 ± 0.552) (P<0.0001) compared to the controls (3.197 ± 0.649). We found that the SCE frequency was always significantly higher in familial than in sporadic patients, regardless of their clinicopathological characteristics. Moreover, we observed that the frequency of SCE in BRCA2 mutation carrier patients was higher compared to patients without mutations in BRCA1/2 genes. These findings highlight an intrinsic genomic instability in familial patients, and we suggest that SCE frequency may be used as a biomarker to better characterize familial BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana De Pascalis
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mazzotta
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza Rubini
- Pathology Department, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Experimental Medical Oncology, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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15
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Han L, Zhao FL, Sun QF, Wang P, Wang XA, Guo F, Fu BH, Lü YM. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes, many years after exposure of workers to low-dose ionizing radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:1-5. [PMID: 25308435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to measure chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 25 subjects exposed to 0.10-0.33 Gy external or internal irradiation 32-41 years ago using conventional cytogenetic analysis methods. The frequencies of total chromosome-type aberrations and micronucleus significantly increased in the exposed group compared with that in age-matched control group (p<0.001); chromatid-type aberrations showed no difference between the two groups (p>0.05). When exposed subjects were divided into two groups based on exposure dose, higher levels of dicentric plus translocation frequencies were observed in the ≥0.15 Gy dose group compared with those in the <0.15 Gy dose group, though the difference was not significant. Borderline association between exposure dose and dicentric frequency was detected in the exposed group (r=0.358; p=0.079). These results suggest that the genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation remain in subjects exposed to low-dose radiation even decades after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Feng-Ling Zhao
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Quan-Fu Sun
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xi-Ai Wang
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Fei Guo
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Bao-Hua Fu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yu-Min Lü
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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16
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Coelho P, García-Lestón J, Costa S, Costa C, Silva S, Dall'Armi V, Zoffoli R, Bonassi S, de Lima JP, Gaspar JF, Pásaro E, Laffon B, Teixeira JP. Genotoxic effect of exposure to metal(loid)s. A molecular epidemiology survey of populations living and working in Panasqueira mine area, Portugal. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 60:163-170. [PMID: 24036326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the exposure to metal(loid)s of populations living in the Panasqueira mine area of central Portugal found a higher internal dose of elements such as arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese, molybdenum and zinc in exposed individuals. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the extent of genotoxic damage caused by environmental and occupational exposure in individuals previously tested for metal(loid) levels in different biological matrices, and the possible modulating role of genetic polymorphisms involved in metabolism and DNA repair. T-cell receptor mutation assay, comet assay, micronucleus (MN) test and chromosomal aberrations (CA) were performed in a group of 122 subjects working in the Panasqueira mine or living in the same region. The modifying effect of polymorphisms in GSTA2, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, XRCC1, APEX1, MPG, MUTYH, OGG1, PARP1, PARP4, ERCC1, ERCC4, and ERCC5 genes was investigated. Significant increases in the frequency of all biomarkers investigated were found in exposed groups, however those environmentally exposed were generally higher. Significant influences of polymorphisms were observed for GSTM1 deletion and OGG1 rs1052133 on CA frequencies, APEX1 rs1130409 on DNA damage, ERCC1 rs3212986 on DNA damage and CA frequency, and ERCC4 rs1800067 on MN and CA frequencies. Our results show that the metal(loid) contamination in the Panasqueira mine area induced genotoxic damage both in individuals working in the mine or living in the area. The observed effects are closely associated to the internal exposure dose, and are more evident in susceptible genotypes. The urgent intervention of authorities is required to protect exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Coelho
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano n321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal.
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17
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da Silva ALG, da Rosa HT, Karnopp TE, Charlier CF, Ellwanger JH, Moura DJ, Possuelo LG, Valim ARDM, Guecheva TN, Henriques JAP. Evaluation of DNA damage in COPD patients and its correlation with polymorphisms in repair genes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:93. [PMID: 24053728 PMCID: PMC3848611 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated a potential link between genetic polymorphisms in genes XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), XRCC3 (Thr241Met), and XRCC4 (Ile401Thr) with the level of DNA damage and repair, accessed by comet and micronucleus test, in 51 COPD patients and 51 controls. METHODS Peripheral blood was used to perform the alkaline and neutral comet assay; and genetic polymorphisms by PCR/RFLP. To assess the susceptibility to exogenous DNA damage, the cells were treated with methyl methanesulphonate for 1-h or 3-h. After 3-h treatment the % residual damage was calculated assuming the value of 1-h treatment as 100%. The cytogenetic damage was evaluated by buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt). RESULTS COPD patients with the risk allele XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) showed higher DNA damage by comet assay. The residual damage was higher for COPD with risk allele in the four genes. In COPD patients was showed negative correlation between BMCyt (binucleated, nuclear bud, condensed chromatin and karyorrhexic cells) with pulmonary function and some variant genotypes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a possible association between variant genotypes in XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), XRCC3 (Thr241Met), and XRCC4 (Ile401Thr), DNA damage and progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves da Silva
- Santa Cruz Hospital and Department of Health and Physical Education, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Avenida Independência, 2293, Bloco 42, Bairro Universitário, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Sakly A, Ayed Y, Chaari N, Akrout M, Bacha H, Cheikh HB. Assessment of Chromosomal Aberrations and Micronuclei in Peripheral Lymphocytes from Tunisian Hospital Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013. [DOI: org/10.1089/gtmb.2012.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sakly
- Laboratory of Genetics (02/UR/08-03), University Medicinal School of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Ayed
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Neila Chaari
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, EPS Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Akrout
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, EPS Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Cheikh
- Laboratory of Genetics (02/UR/08-03), University Medicinal School of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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19
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Tucker JD, Vadapalli M, Joiner MC, Ceppi M, Fenech M, Bonassi S. Estimating the Lowest Detectable Dose of Ionizing Radiation by the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Radiat Res 2013; 180:284-91. [DOI: 10.1667/rr3346.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Luzhna L, Kathiria P, Kovalchuk O. Micronuclei in genotoxicity assessment: from genetics to epigenetics and beyond. Front Genet 2013; 4:131. [PMID: 23874352 PMCID: PMC3708156 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are extra-nuclear bodies that contain damaged chromosome fragments and/or whole chromosomes that were not incorporated into the nucleus after cell division. MN can be induced by defects in the cell repair machinery and accumulation of DNA damages and chromosomal aberrations. A variety of genotoxic agents may induce MN formation leading to cell death, genomic instability, or cancer development. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of MN formation after various clastogenic and aneugenic effects on cell division and cell cycle are described. The knowledge accumulated in literature on cytotoxicity of various genotoxins is precisely reflected and individual sensitivity to MN formation due to single gene polymorphisms is discussed. The importance of rapid MN scoring with respect to the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya Luzhna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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21
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The effect of age, sex, and lifestyle factors on micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the Bosnian population. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 753:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Sakly A, Ayed Y, Chaari N, Akrout M, Bacha H, Cheikh HB. Assessment of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral lymphocytes from tunisian hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 17:650-5. [PMID: 23216272 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that cytogenetic biomarkers, such as micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes may predict cancer risk because they indicate genomic instability. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequencies of MN and chromosome aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation and healthy subjects. The study was conducted using peripheral blood lymphocytes from 30 workers from the radiology department and 30 from the cardiology department. This study included 27 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals as the control group. The assessment of chromosomal damage was carried out by the use of CA and micronucleus assays in peripheral lymphocytes. Our results show that CA and micronucleus frequencies were significantly higher among the exposed groups when compared to controls. Our finding of significant increase of CA and MN frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes in exposed workers indicates a potential cytogenetic hazard due to this exposure. The enhanced chromosomal damage of subjects exposed to genotoxic agents emphasizes the need to develop safety programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sakly
- Laboratory of Genetics (02/UR/08-03), University Medicinal School of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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23
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Kadioglu E, Kocabas NA, Demircigil GC, Coskun E, Ozcagli E, Durmaz E, Karahalil B, Burgaz S, Sardas S. Assessment of individual susceptibility to baseline DNA and cytogenetic damage in a healthy Turkish population: evaluation with lifestyle factors. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1157-64. [PMID: 22905990 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytogenetic biomarkers are most frequently used well-established endpoints in human population studies with their sensitivity for measuring exposure to genotoxic agents. They have an important role as early predictors of cancer risk. Identification of individual genotypes of metabolic gene polymorphisms helps to understand the modulation of cancer susceptibility by environmental exposures, such as cigarette smoking and other lifestyle factors. AIM To evaluate individual susceptibility to chemicals, we determined individual DNA damage related to glutathione S-transferase (GST) genotypes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) in a Turkish population. METHODS Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and DNA samples of 127 subjects were analyzed for the presence of DNA damage, using single-cell gel electrophoresis (the Comet assay), and for cytogenetic parameters (chromosomal aberrations [CAs], bleomycin-induced CA, and a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay), and the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method, respectively. RESULTS Individuals carrying a GSTT1-null allele showed higher frequencies of CA and micronucleus (MN) (p=0.026, p=0.003, respectively), whereas the GSTM1-null and GSTP1 mutant genotypes did not show any differences in cytogenetic parameters. Our findings demonstrated that none of the lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary habits, vitamin intake, and physical activity), except for vitamin intake (p=0.002), were significantly associated with the studied cytogenetic parameters. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the GSTT1 gene polymorphism may influence the baseline cytogenetic frequency in a healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Kadioglu
- Department of Toxicology, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Wang W, Qiu YL, Jiao J, Liu J, Ji F, Miao WB, Zhu Y, Xia ZL. Genotoxicity in vinyl chloride-exposed workers and its implication for occupational exposure limit. Am J Ind Med 2011; 54:800-10. [PMID: 21796658 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is a colorless gas under room temperature and has been mostly used to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC) since the 1970s. It is classified by the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) as a known human carcinogen (Group 1). In this study, genetic damage in VCM workers was evaluated in relation to their occupational cumulative exposure to VCM. METHODS Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was conducted in 229 VCM workers and 138 controls to detect chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cumulative exposure dose (CED) of VCM was calculated based on the job type and duration of each worker and the workplace VCM concentration. Dose-response relationships between VCM CED and micronucleus frequency or chromosomal damage were evaluated, and benchmark doses (BMDs) estimated. RESULTS Dose-response relationships between VCM CED and chromosomal damage were obtained. The 95% lower confidence bound of BMD of VCM CED was 2.86 mg/m(3) -year for both genders combined, leading to an estimated exposure limit of 0.072 mg/m(3) assuming a work life of 40 years. CONCLUSIONS VCM exposure may induce chromosomal damage at occupational exposure levels below the Chinese national occupational health standard. Further research is needed to better understand micronuclei as biomarker of VCM genotoxicity. Better dose-response assessment and BMD estimation are desirable in order to improve the quantification of occupational exposure limits for VCM with respect to non-cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Wnuk M, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Lewinska A, Oklejewicz B, Zabek T, Bartosz G, Słota E. Age-related changes in genomic stability of horses. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:257-68. [PMID: 21557962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the old horse has been proposed as a model to study telomere-dependent senescence, immunosenescence and inflamm-aging. In the present paper, we used 80 Hucul and Anglo-Arabian horses divided into 3 age groups (juvenile, adult, old) to evaluate age-dependent changes at the genomic and DNA level and in cell proliferative potential. The level of positive TUNEL cells (both apoptotic and with DNA fragmentation), oxidative DNA damage (8-oxoG immunostaining), sister chromatid exchange and bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks were significantly increased in the combined old group compared to the combined adult group. We observed a negative correlation between micronuclei formation and age, which may be associated with damaged cells undergoing apoptosis, rather than expressing micronuclei. We were unable to show any significant changes in the nuclear division index value, which reflects the proliferative status of the viable cell fraction during aging. Here, we show that breed-independent and age-associated changes in genomic stability may contribute, at least in part, to the aging process in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
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26
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Coelho PCDS, García-Lestón J, Silva SPE, da Costa CST, da Costa SCB, Coelho MIC, Lage BL, Mendez EP, Teixeira JPF. Geno- and immunotoxic effects on populations living near a mine: a case study of Panasqueira mine in Portugal. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:1076-1086. [PMID: 21707431 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.582314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mining industry is a vital economic sector for many countries but it is also one of the most hazardous activities, both occupationally and environmentally. Existing studies point to several adverse effects on communities' health living near mines, effects such as mesothelioma and respiratory illnesses. Results achieved in a geochemical sampling campaign undertaken in the vicinity of São Francisco de Assis village showed an anomalous distribution of some heavy metals in soils and waters. To evaluate the effects of mining activities on human health produced by these conditions, a group of 28 individuals from São Francisco de Assis village was examined for some biological endpoints. A nonexposed group (30 individuals) with the same demographic characteristics without exposure to genotoxic compounds was also studied and data obtained from both groups compared. Results of the T-cell receptor mutation assay and micronucleus (MN) test showed significant increases in the frequencies of both mutations and MN in exposed subjects compared to controls. Data obtained in the analysis of the different lymphocyte subsets demonstrated significant decreases in percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells, and a significant increase in percentage of CD16/56+ cells, in exposed individuals. The results of the present study indicate an elevated risk of human environmental contamination resulting from mining activities, emphasizing the need to implement preventive measures, remediation, and rehabilitation plans. This would lead to a reduction in cancer risk not only for this particular population but for all populations exposed under similar conditions.
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27
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Costa S, Pina C, Coelho P, Costa C, Silva S, Porto B, Laffon B, Teixeira JP. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde: genotoxic risk evaluation by comet assay and micronucleus test using human peripheral lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:1040-1051. [PMID: 21707428 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.582293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a world high-production compound with numerous applications ranging from production of resins to medicines. Due to its sensitizing properties, irritating effects and potential cancer hazard FA is of great environmental health concern. Numerous studies in humans and experimental animals demonstrated that inhaled FA produced toxicity, genotoxicity, and cancer at distal sites. IARC, based on sufficient data, reclassified FA as a human carcinogen. The highest level of human exposure to this aldehyde occurs in occupational settings, namely, in pathology and anatomy laboratories, where FA is commonly used as a fixative and tissue preservative. Several studies consistently showed that the levels of airborne FA in anatomy laboratories exceeded recommended exposure criteria. In order to assess the genotoxic effects of chronic occupational exposure to FA, a group of pathology/anatomy workers was assessed using a micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay. The level of exposure to FA was also determined and the time-weighted average (TWA) of exposure was calculated for each subject. The TWA mean value for FA exposed workers was 0.43 ± 0.06 ppm, exceeding national and international recommended limit levels of 0.3 ppm. Both MN frequency and comet assay parameters were significantly higher in exposed subjects. Data obtained confirm a correlation between genetic damage and occupational exposure to FA. These data, along with recent implications of human carcinogenicity, point out the need for close monitoring of occupational exposure to FA. Implementation of security and hygiene measures as well as good practices campaigns may be crucial to decrease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal.
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Chang P, Li Y, Li D. Micronuclei levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:210-5. [PMID: 21097528 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To find biomarkers for risk prediction of pancreatic cancer (PC), we evaluated the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral lymphocytes of 346 patients with PC and 449 healthy controls. The levels of baseline MN (mean ± standard error of micronucleated cells per 1000 binucleated cells) were significantly higher in patients (15.3 ± 0.3) than those in controls [9.7 ± 0.5; adjusted for body mass index (BMI), P < 0.001]. Using the median levels found in controls as the cut point, 78.9% of patients and 43.7% of controls had a higher frequency of MN. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for known risk factors for PC showed that having a higher level of MN was significantly associated with increased risk of PC [odds ratio (OR): 8.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.06-13.67, P < 0.001]; and the risk was much higher in men than in women [OR (95% CI): 14.19 (7.09-28.40) versus 4.19 (1.90-9.27)]. The level of MN was not associated with disease stage or resection status but was related to smoking status in men and to BMI in women among patients. The level of MN was higher in smokers (14.5 ± 0.6) than in nonsmokers (12.1 ± 0.6; P = 0.023) and in obese (25.3 ± 2.8) versus normal weight individuals (17.7 ± 0.8; P = 0.024). These data showed that elevated level of MN in peripheral lymphocytes was associated with increased risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lope V, Pollán M, Fernández M, de León A, González MJ, Sanz JC, Iriso A, Pérez-Gómez B, Gil E, Pérez-Meixeira AM, de Paz C, Cisneros M, de Santos A, Asensio A, Astray J, Martínez M, García JF, López-Abente G, García-Sagredo JM, Aragonés N. Cytogenetic status in newborns and their parents in Madrid: the BioMadrid study. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:267-277. [PMID: 19950393 DOI: 10.1002/em.20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring cytogenetic damage is frequently used to assess population exposure to environmental mutagens. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is one of the most widely used methods employed in these studies. In the present study we used this assay to assess the baseline frequency of micronuclei in a healthy population of father-pregnant woman-newborn trios drawn from two Madrid areas. We also investigated the association between micronucleus frequency and specific socioeconomic, environmental, and demographic factors collected by questionnaire. Mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium blood levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The association between micronucleated cell frequency and the variables collected by questionnaire, as well as, the risk associated with the presence of elevated levels of metals in blood, was estimated using Poisson models, taking the number of micronucleated cells in 1,000 binucleated cells (MNBCs) as the dependent variable. Separate analyses were conducted for the 110 newborns, 136 pregnant women, and 134 fathers in whom micronuclei could be assessed. The mean number of micronucleated cells per 1,000 binucleated cells was 3.9, 6.5, and 6.1 respectively. Our results show a statistically significant correlation in MNBC frequency between fathers and mothers, and between parents and newborns. Elevated blood mercury levels in fathers were associated with significantly higher MNBC frequency, compared with fathers who had normal mercury levels (RR:1.21; 95%CI:1.02-1.43). This last result suggests the need to implement greater control over populations which, by reason of their occupation or life style, are among those most exposed to this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Effect of gene polymorphisms and ethanol consumption on micronucleus frequency in human reticulocytes: a preliminary study. Environ Health Prev Med 2010; 15:188-93. [PMID: 21432543 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-009-0126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results from previous studies suggest that alcohol consumption can be genotoxic on peripheral lymphocytes. The aim of our study was to examine the association of alcohol consumption and its genotoxic effect on hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. METHODS We investigated 156 healthy Japanese males in a cross-sectional study. Lifestyles, including alcohol drinking behavior and cigarette smoking status, were investigated by means of a self-completed questionnaire. Polymorphisms of ADH1B and ALDH2 were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The presence of micronuclei in transferrin-positive reticulocytes (MN-RET) was detected with a single-laser flow cytometer. Associations between the genetic polymorphisms, lifestyle factors, and MN-RET frequency were statistically analyzed. RESULTS We found a significant difference in the mean frequencies of MN-RET between habitual drinkers and non-habitual drinkers (P = 0.043), and between the ALDH2*1/*1 and ALDH2*2/*2 genotype (P = 0.015). The ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*2 haplotype was estimated to have a significantly higher influence on MN-RET frequency than the ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*1 haplotype (P = 0.00035), and the frequency of alcohol consumption played a significant role in MN-RET frequency on the background of the ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*1 haplotype (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest a possible association between the ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphism and the genotoxic effects of alcohol drinking on hematopoietic stem cells.
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Well-trained, healthy triathletes experience no adverse health risks regarding oxidative stress and DNA damage by participating in an ultra-endurance event. Toxicology 2009; 278:211-6. [PMID: 19766696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Also physical exercise in general is accepted to be protective, acute and strenuous exercise has been shown to induce oxidative stress. Enhanced formation of free radicals leads to oxidation of macromolecules and to DNA damage. On the other hand ultra-endurance events which require strenuous exercise are very popular and the number of participants is continuously increasing worldwide. Since only few data exists on Ironman triathletes, who are prototypes of ultra-endurance athletes, this study was aimed at assessing the risk of oxidative stress and DNA damage after finishing a triathlon and to predict a possible health risk. Blood samples of 42 male athletes were taken 2 days before, within 20 min after the race, 1, 5 and 19 days post-race. Oxidative stress marker increased only moderately after the race and returned to baseline after 5 days. Marker of DNA damage measured by the SCGE assay with and without restriction enzymes as well as by the sister chromatid exchange assay did either show no change or deceased within the first day after the race. Due to intake during the race and the release by the cells plasma concentrations of vitamin C and α-tocopherol increased after the event and returned to baseline 1 day after. This study indicates that despite a temporary increase in some oxidative stress markers, there is no persistent oxidative stress and no DNA damage in response to an Ironman triathlon in trained athletes, mainly due to an appropriate antioxidant intake and general protective alterations in the antioxidant defence system.
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Das B, Karuppasamy CV. Spontaneous frequency of micronuclei among the newborns from high level natural radiation areas of Kerala in the southwest coast of India. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:272-80. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000902751462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reichhold S, Neubauer O, Bulmer AC, Knasmüller S, Wagner KH. Endurance exercise and DNA stability: is there a link to duration and intensity? Mutat Res 2009; 682:28-38. [PMID: 19699460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that regular moderate intensity physical activity reduces the risk of developing many diseases. Counter intuitively, however, evidence also exists for oxidative stress resulting from acute and strenuous exercise. Enhanced formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may lead to oxidatively modified lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and possibly disease. Currently, only a few studies have investigated the influence of exercise on DNA stability and damage with conflicting results, small study groups and the use of different sample matrices or methods and result units. This is the first review to address the effect of exercise of various intensities and durations on DNA stability, focusing on human population studies. Furthermore, this article describes the principles and limitations of commonly used methods for the assessment of oxidatively modified DNA and DNA stability. This review is structured according to the type of exercise conducted (field or laboratory based) and the intensity performed (i.e. competitive ultra/endurance exercise or maximal tests until exhaustion). The findings presented here suggest that competitive ultra-endurance exercise (>4h) does not induce persistent DNA damage. However, when considering the effects of endurance exercise (<4h), no clear conclusions could be drawn. Laboratory studies have shown equivocal results (increased or no oxidative stress) after endurance or exhaustive exercise. To clarify which components of exercise participation (i.e. duration, intensity and training status of subjects) have an impact on DNA stability and damage, additional carefully designed studies combining the measurement of DNA damage, gene expression and DNA repair mechanisms before, during and after exercise of differing intensities and durations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Reichhold
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Influence of Some Detoxification Enzyme Polymorphisms on Cytogenetic Biomarkers Between Individuals Exposed to Very Low Doses of 1,3-Butadiene. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 51:811-21. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181a88d7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ponsa I, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Bosch R, Bielsa A, Ordeig MT, Morell M, Miró R, de Cid R, Estivill X, Casas M, Bayés M, Cormand B, Hervás A. Absence of cytogenetic effects in children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with methylphenidate. Mutat Res 2009; 666:44-49. [PMID: 19457516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric condition with onset in childhood, and in more than 50% of cases it persists into adulthood as a chronic disorder. Over five million methylphenidate (MPH) prescriptions were issued in the USA in 2003, mostly for children. A previous report [R.A. El-Zein, S.Z. Abdel-Rahman, M.J. Hay, M.S. Lopez, M.L. Bondy, D.L. Morris and M.S. Legator Cytogenetic effects in children treated with methylphenidate, Cancer Lett. 230 (2005) 284-291.] described the induction of chromosome abnormalities by MPH in children treated for three months, contrary to most of the in vitro and in vivo studies reported since then. We present new relevant information concerning the cytogenetic effects of MPH in children and adults. We include a prospective sample of 12 children and 7 adults with a new diagnosis of ADHD and naive to MPH. We analyzed the cytogenetic effects on peripheral lymphocytes before and three months after starting MPH therapy. The cytogenetic analyses included a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, a sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis and the determination of chromosome aberrations (CA). Following the same strategy and analyzing the same cytogenetic endpoints that were investigated in the original report [R.A. El-Zein, S.Z. Abdel-Rahman, M.J. Hay, M.S. Lopez, M.L. Bondy, D.L. Morris and M.S. Legator Cytogenetic effects in children treated with methylphenidate, Cancer Lett. 230 (2005) 284-291.], we found no evidence of increased frequency of micronuclei, sister chromatid exchanges or chromosome aberrations induced by MPH in children and adult populations. MPH treatment of children and adults with ADHD resulted in no significant genomic damage (as suggested by the three endpoints studied), results that do not support a potential increased risk of cancer after exposure to MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immaculada Ponsa
- Genes and Disease Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), UPF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Micronucleus Occurrence Related to Base Excision Repair Gene Polymorphisms in Chinese Workers Occupationally Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 51:578-85. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181990d19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rossi AM, Hansteen IL, Skjelbred CF, Ballardin M, Maggini V, Murgia E, Tomei A, Viarengo P, Knudsen LE, Barale R, Norppa H, Bonassi S. Association between frequency of chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk is not influenced by genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:203-8. [PMID: 19270789 PMCID: PMC2649221 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals has been associated with cancer risk. It is presently unclear whether this association is influenced by individual susceptibility factors such as genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) as effect modifiers of the association between CA and cancer risk. METHODS A case-control study was performed pooling data from cytogenetic studies carried out in 1974-1995 in three laboratories in Italy, Norway, and Denmark. A total of 107 cancer cases were retrieved from national registries and matched to 291 controls. The subjects were classified as low, medium, and high by tertile of CA frequency. The data were analyzed by setting up a Bayesian model that included prior information about cancer risk by CA frequency. RESULTS The association between CA frequency and cancer risk was confirmed [OR(medium) (odds ratio)(medium) = 1.5, 95% credibility interval (CrI), 0.9-2.5; OR(high) = 2.8, 95% CrI, 1.6-4.6], whereas no effect of the genetic polymorphism was observed. A much stronger association was seen in the Italian subset (OR(high)= 9.4, 95% CrI, 2.6-28.0), which was characterized by a lower technical variability of the cytogenetic analysis. CA level was particularly associated with cancer of the respiratory tract (OR(high)= 6.2, 95% CrI, 1.5-20.0), the genitourinary tract (OR(high) = 4.0, 95% CrI, 1.4-10.0), and the digestive tract (OR(high) = 2.8, 95% CrI, 1.2-5.8). CONCLUSIONS Despite the small size of the study groups, our results substantiate the cancer risk predictivity of CA frequency, ruling against a strong modifying effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inger-Lise Hansteen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Camilla Furu Skjelbred
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | | | | | - Elena Murgia
- Department of Biology, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Viarengo
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lisbeth E. Knudsen
- Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hannu Norppa
- New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
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Zakeri F, Hirobe T. A cytogenetic approach to the effects of low levels of ionizing radiations on occupationally exposed individuals. Eur J Radiol 2008; 73:191-5. [PMID: 19054641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess occupationally induced chromosomal damage in hospital workers exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. Thirty-two interventional cardiologists, 36 nuclear medicine physicians and 33 conventional radiologists were included in this study, along with 35 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals as the control group. We used conventional metaphase chromosome aberration (CA) analysis, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay as important biological indicators of ionizing radiation exposure. Occupational dosimetry records were collected over the last year (ranged from 0.25 to 48mSv) and their whole life exposure (ranged from 1.5 to 147mSv). The results showed significantly higher frequencies of dicentric and acentric CAs (p<0.001) and MN (p<0.01) in all exposed groups than in the controls. Taking all the confounding factors into account, no obvious trend of increased chromosomal damages as a function of either duration of employment, exposed dose, sex or age was observed. Interventional cardiologists had the highest rates of CA and MN frequencies between the worker groups, though the differences were not significant. These results indicate that long term exposure to low dose ionizing radiation could result in DNA damage. Hence, the personnel who work in the hospitals should carefully apply the radiation protection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Zakeri
- National Radiation Protection Department, Iranian Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Nuclear Science and Research Institute-Agriculture, Medicine & Industry Research School, Tehran, Iran.
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Koseoglu BG, Ozturk S, Kocak H, Palanduz S, Cefle K. The effects of etodolac, nimesulid and naproxen sodium on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange after enclused third molars surgery. Yonsei Med J 2008; 49:742-7. [PMID: 18972594 PMCID: PMC2615361 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2008.49.5.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently used in oral surgical procedures in dentistry. The evaluation of the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is accepted as a reliable cytogenetic method to assess the genotoxic effects of environmental factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the genotoxic effects of various NSAIDs were assessed in 30 patients to who they were administered following encluosed third molar surgery using SCE analysis before and after the operation. The frequency of SCE was evaluated before the operation and after 3 days of etodolac, nimesulid and naproxen use. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of SCE between the preoperative and postoperative states in patients given etodolac, nimesulid or naproxen sodium. CONCLUSION Short term use of selective and non-selective NSAIDs was not associated with a significant genotoxic effect that could be detected using the SCE method in peripheric lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Gurkan Koseoglu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Öztürk Ş, Ayna TK, Çefle K, Palanduz Ş, Çiftçi HŞ, Kaya SA, Diler AS, Türkmen A, Gürtekin M, Sever MŞ, Çarin M. Effect of Cyclosporin A and Tacrolimus on Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Renal Transplant Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 12:427-30. [DOI: 10.1089/gte.2008.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Öztürk
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülay K. Ayna
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Çefle
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Palanduz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Ş. Çiftçi
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selvi A. Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Sarper Diler
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydın Türkmen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gürtekin
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şükrü Sever
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Çarin
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ali T, Bhalli JA, Rana SM, Khan QM. Cytogenetic damage in female Pakistani agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:374-380. [PMID: 18418870 DOI: 10.1002/em.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bhawalpur is a major cotton-growing area in Pakistan. Cotton picking in Pakistan is carried out by females and as a result of the intensive use of pesticides during the growing season these females are exposed to pesticide residues in the picking season. In the present study, peripheral blood was obtained from 69 cotton pickers and 69 unexposed females and used to assess the effect of pesticide exposure on genetic damage as well as on hepatic enzymes and serum cholinesterase. The subjects were of similar average age in workers and control groups (37.55 +/- 12.75 vs. 37.52 +/- 13.47, P > 0.05). Average exposure time of the picker females was 10.26 +/- 6.14 years. Subjects from the exposed group did not use any protective measures during their work activities. Levels of serum cholinesterase were lower, and levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were higher in the exposed workers as compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The exposed group exhibited significantly increased frequencies of binucleated cells with micronuclei (12.72 +/- 3.48 vs. 4.35 +/- 2.44, P < 0.001) and total number of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes (16.51 +/- 4.27 vs. 5.86 +/- 3.09, P < 0.001) in comparison with subjects of the control group. The binucleated cells with micronuclei frequency also seemed to increase with age in both the groups, however, the magnitude of increase was greater in exposed group than the control. Results from the present study indicate that occupational exposure to pesticide mixtures results in cytogenetic damage in exposed females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Ali
- Environmental Toxicology Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ulker OC, Ustundag A, Duydu Y, Yucesoy B, Karakaya A. Cytogenetic monitoring of coal workers and patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis in Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:232-237. [PMID: 18288720 DOI: 10.1002/em.20377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to coal dust causes coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), which is a chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lung disease. Recently, chronic inflammation has been accepted as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of neoplasia. The chronic inflammation provides dynamic setting for oxidative stress and formation of free radicals. Interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with DNA augments the likelihood of DNA structural and transcriptional errors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic risk in pneumoconiotic patients and in those with occupational exposure to coal dust. Therefore, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) tests were performed in Turkish CWP patients, coal workers, and an unexposed control group. Both SCE and MN frequencies in CWP patients were found significantly higher than in coal worker and unexposed groups. There were no differences between SCE and MN frequencies of coal worker and unexposed groups. On the other hand, no correlation between SCE frequency, duration of exposure, and age was observed in all three groups. There was also no effect of smoking on the frequencies of SCE and MN in the groups. Based on these results, it might be suggested that development of CWP leads to a significant induction of cytogenetic damage in peripheral lymphocytes of CWP patients. This is the first report on CWP patients with elevated cytogenetic endpoints. Further, a larger follow-up study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Cemiloglu Ulker
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Paiva L, Martínez V, Creus A, Quinteros D, Marcos R. Evaluation of micronucleus frequencies in blood lymphocytes from smelting plant workers exposed to arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:200-205. [PMID: 18240160 DOI: 10.1002/em.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a world health problem due to the seriousness of its effects, mainly related with the increase of cancer. In Chile, the geological characteristics of the northern region, associated with the development of the copper mining and smelting activities, have contributed to increase the environmental levels of arsenic. This study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between arsenic occupational exposure and genotoxic effects in smelting plant workers. To determine the genotoxic risk related to the increase of cancer among the chronically exposed population, the frequency of micronuclei in blood (BNMN) has been evaluated. The study was carried out in a total of 207 men, divided into three groups: an exposed group of 105 individuals working in a smelting plant, an internal reference group with 52 employees at the same mine but in the administrative area, and an external reference group of 50 workers from another copper mine where no significant levels of arsenic were detected. As expected, differences between arsenic levels in urine have been detected between groups, with the exposed group being the one with a higher level of total arsenic in urine, followed by the internal reference group. Despite that, no significant differences in micronuclei frequencies in lymphocytes were detected among these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiliane Paiva
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Murgia E, Ballardin M, Bonassi S, Rossi AM, Barale R. Validation of micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes as early cancer risk biomarker in a nested case-control study. Mutat Res 2008; 639:27-34. [PMID: 18155071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this work was to assess the predictive value of micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) for the risk of cancer death in disease-free individuals. Blood samples from 1650 subjects selected from the general population of Pisa, Italy, were collected between June 1991 and November 1993. The follow-up until January 2005 recorded a total of 111 deaths (52 for cancer). MN frequency was assessed for 49 cancer cases and 101 matched controls. A significantly higher MN frequency was found in cancer cases (4.7+/-3.4 MN/1000 BN cells) versus controls (1.5+/-1.7; p<0.0001). Donors were stratified in two classes and multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that individuals with high MN frequency (>2.5 MN/1000 BN cells) had a significantly increased risk of cancer death (OR=10.7; 95% CI=4.6-24.9; p<0.0001) when compared to individuals with low MN frequency (<or=2.5 MN/1000 BN cells). Ageing was associated with a 6% increased risk per year (p=0.03). No influence of other potential confounders (gender, occupation, smoking and drinking habits) was observed. Finally, subjects with a higher MN frequency showed a higher MR for CVD (Logrank test, p=0.001). These findings provide strong evidence that MN frequency assessed in PBL of disease-free subjects is a good predictor of cancer death risk, evaluated by a nested case-control study performed 14 years after the original recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Murgia
- Department of Biology, Pisa University, via Derna 2, Pisa, Italy.
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Calderón-Ezquerro C, Sánchez-Reyes A, Sansores RH, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Amador-Muñoz O, Guerrero-Guerra C, Calderón-Segura ME, Uribe-Hernández R, Gómez-Arroyo S. Cell proliferation kinetics and genotoxicity in lymphocytes of smokers living in Mexico City. Hum Exp Toxicol 2008; 26:715-22. [PMID: 17984142 DOI: 10.1177/0960327107083451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity caused by tobacco smoke was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of smokers living in Mexico City by determining sister chromatid exchange (SCE), cell proliferation kinetics (CPK), replication index (RI) and mitotic index (MI). Nicotine levels, and its major metabolite cotinine, were also estimated in urine samples using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify smoking intensity. The outcome of the analysis and the comparison of the 77-smoker group with a non-smoking control group showed that moderate and heavy smokers exhibited significant differences (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) in CPK, with an underlying delay in the cellular cycle; similarly, RI was significantly different in these groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). There were significant correlations (P < 0.05) between age and number of years the subject had been smoking, as well as between RI and nicotine and cotinine levels and between CPK (M1, M2 and M3) and nicotine and cotinine levels. Smokers were classified for the analysis according to the nicotine levels (it is in relation to number of cigarettes smoked per day) found in urine (ng/mL) as: light (10-250), moderate (251-850) and heavy (851-4110). Significant differences in CPK were found (P < 0.05) between moderate and heavy smokers and non-smokers. Significant differences in RI were found between moderate (P < 0.001) and heavy smokers (P < 0.0001) and non-smokers, but not for the light smoking group. MI was determined in 57 of the smokers, whereas SCE frequency was only recorded in 34 smokers. Both parameters yielded no significant differences, nor correlations with any of the assessed variables. In conclusion, cytokinetic and cytostatic effects were mainly detected in heavy and moderate smokers. Cell cycle delay and RI decrease were found in all ;healthy' smokers. The nicotine and cotinine exposure (causing oxidative damage to DNA) may have implications in the decrease in cell replication due to direct damage to DNA and/or a decrease in the DNA repair mechanisms. Alternatively, nicotine and cotinine may possibly induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Calderón-Ezquerro
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
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A survey on the cytogenetic status of the Croatian general population by use of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 649:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Grujicic D, Miloševic-Djordjevic O, Arsenijevic S, Marinkovic D. Treatment of Pregnant Women with a Betamimetic and Verapamil Increases the Micronuclei Frequency in Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2008; 215:363-71. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.215.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maffei F, Carbone F, Angelini S, Forti GC, Norppa H, Hrelia P. Micronuclei frequency induced by bleomycin in human peripheral lymphocytes: correlating BLHX polymorphism with mutagen sensitivity. Mutat Res 2007; 639:20-6. [PMID: 18082847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutagen sensitivity assay, by measuring chromosome damage induced by an in vitro treatment of peripheral lymphocytes with bleomycin, has been proposed as a biomarker for assessing cancer susceptibility. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP A1450G) of the gene for bleomycin hydrolase (BLHX), a specific neutral cysteine protease able to metabolise bleomycin, was proposed as a plausible candidate to variation in mutagen sensitivity. To shed more light on the effect of BLHX genotype on the expression of chromosome damage induced in vitro by bleomycin, we determined mutagen sensitivity for 45 non-smoker healthy volunteers. The level of bleomycin-induced chromosome damage was assessed as frequencies of micronuclei (MN) in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes. The subjects were genotyped for the BLHX gene, to determine the possible effect of this polymorphism on mutagen sensitivity. No difference in the spontaneous value of MN was detected between the homozygotes wild-type (A/A) and the carriers of variant alleles A/G heterozygotes or G/G homozygotes (MN/1000 binucleated (BN) cells: 6.69+/-2.53 and 6.37+/-4.87, respectively). A substantial effect of BLHX polymorphism in predetermining individual mutagen sensitivity status was observed: subjects with the BLHX A/A genotype displayed significantly lower mean levels of bleomycin-induced MN frequency than the carriers of A/G or G/G variant alleles combined (12.00+/-3.76 MN/1000 BN vs. 16.37+/-8.86 MN/1000 BN, respectively; P=0.029). The multiple regression analysis, including BLHX genotype and age, confirmed the significant effect of BLHX variant alleles (A/G, G/G) on the chromosome damage induced by bleomycin (P=0.01), whereas age correlated only with the spontaneous MN frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maffei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Costa C, Silva S, Coelho P, Roma-Torres J, Teixeira JP, Mayan O. Micronucleus analysis in a Portuguese population exposed to pesticides: Preliminary survey. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 210:415-8. [PMID: 17320478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The general population is exposed in their everyday life to different chemicals namely to pesticides. Many of these compounds are capable of inducing mutations in DNA and lead to several diseases including cancer. With this study we intended to evaluate DNA damage inflicted by pesticide exposure in a population occupationally exposed to those chemicals by means of the micronucleus (MN) test. The obtained results showed a significant increase in MN frequency in occupationally exposed individuals (p<0.001) compared with the control group. Higher frequencies of MN were associated with a specific workplace (greenhouses) and the lack of protective measures (gloves) during labour activities. These results reinforce that conditions in workplace should be improved to minimize exposure to these chemicals. This study also emphasizes the need to reinforce the good practices campaigns in order to enlighten those who work with pesticides on the potential hazard of occupational exposure and the importance of using protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Costa
- National Institute of Health, Centre of Environmental and Occupational Health, Praça Coronel Pacheco, 15, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal.
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Pérez-Cadahía B, Lafuente A, Cabaleiro T, Pásaro E, Méndez J, Laffon B. Initial study on the effects of Prestige oil on human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2007; 33:176-85. [PMID: 17055056 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The big oil tanker Prestige wrecked at 130 miles from the coast of Galicia, on the Northwest of Spain, in November 19, 2002. During the accident over 40,000 tons of oil were spilled, and along the next weeks 22,000 more reached the shore in the way of three black tides. A great number of people participated in the cleaning tasks. The objective of this study was to initially evaluate the damage caused by Prestige oil in exposed individuals both from the cytogenetic and the endocrine points of view. Exposure level was determined by analysing volatile organic compounds in the environment and heavy metals in blood. Cytogenetic damage was determined by sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and plasmatic prolactin and cortisol levels were used as biomarkers of endocrine toxicity. Finally we have determined the possible influence of GST genetic polymorphisms (GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms, GSTP1 Ala105Val) on the evaluated effects. The exposed population was classified according to the performed cleaning tasks in three groups: volunteers that collaborated for 1 week (N=25), hired manual workers (N=20) and hired high-pressure cleaner workers (N=23). The control population consisted of 42 individuals. Exposure to Prestige oil caused cytogenetic damage in exposed individuals, being its effect influenced by age, sex, tobacco consumption and GSTM1 polymorphism. With regard to endocrine toxicity, our results showed that xenobiotics present in Prestige oil induced alterations in hormonal status, and thus it may be considered as an endocrine disruptor. Therefore, the selected parameters have shown to be good indicators of toxicity related to exposure to Prestige oil. In addition, data obtained point to the importance of using protective devices in preventing the effects related to the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pérez-Cadahía
- Toxicology Unit, University of A Coruña, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
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