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Dwivedi I, Haddad GG. Investigating the neurobiology of maternal opioid use disorder and prenatal opioid exposure using brain organoid technology. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1403326. [PMID: 38812788 PMCID: PMC11133580 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1403326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) among pregnant women has become a major global public health concern. OUD has been characterized as a problematic pattern of opioid use despite adverse physical, psychological, behavioral, and or social consequences. Due to the relapsing-remitting nature of this disorder, pregnant mothers are chronically exposed to exogenous opioids, resulting in adverse neurological and neuropsychiatric outcomes. Collateral fetal exposure to opioids also precipitates severe neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive sequelae. At present, much of what is known regarding the neurobiological consequences of OUD and prenatal opioid exposure (POE) has been derived from preclinical studies in animal models and postnatal or postmortem investigations in humans. However, species-specific differences in brain development, variations in subject age/health/background, and disparities in sample collection or storage have complicated the interpretation of findings produced by these explorations. The ethical or logistical inaccessibility of human fetal brain tissue has also limited direct examinations of prenatal drug effects. To circumvent these confounding factors, recent groups have begun employing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoid technology, which provides access to key aspects of cellular and molecular brain development, structure, and function in vitro. In this review, we endeavor to encapsulate the advancements in brain organoid culture that have enabled scientists to model and dissect the neural underpinnings and effects of OUD and POE. We hope not only to emphasize the utility of brain organoids for investigating these conditions, but also to highlight opportunities for further technical and conceptual progress. Although the application of brain organoids to this critical field of research is still in its nascent stages, understanding the neurobiology of OUD and POE via this modality will provide critical insights for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Dwivedi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
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Coviello C, Lori S, Bertini G, Montano S, Gabbanini S, Bastianelli M, Cossu C, Cavaliere S, Lunardi C, Dani C. Morphine exposure and prematurity affect flash visual evoked potentials in preterm infants. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2024; 9:85-93. [PMID: 38371463 PMCID: PMC10869246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to explore first the impact of perinatal risk factors on flash-VEP waves and morphology in a group of preterm infants studied at term equivalent age (TEA). Second, to correlate VEP morphology with neurological outcome at 2 years corrected age (CA). Methods Infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth <32 weeks, without major brain injury, were enrolled. Multivariate regression analyses were performed, and the models were run separately for each dependent variable N2, P2, N3 latencies and P2 amplitude. Logistic regression was applied to study N4 component (present/absent) and VEP morphology (regular/irregular). The predictors were GA, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), postmenstrual age at VEP registration, cumulative morphine and fentanyl dose, and painful procedures. Lastly, linear regression models were performed to assess the relation between the Bayley-III cognitive and motor scores at 2 years CA and VEP morphology, in relation to GA, BPD, painful procedures and cumulative morphine dose. Results Eighty infants were enrolled. Morphine was the predictor of N2 (R2 = 0.09, p = 0.006), P2 (R2 = 0.11, p = 0.002), and N3 (R2 = 0.13, p = 0.003) latencies. Younger GA was associated with lower amplitude (R2 = 0.05, p = 0.029). None of the independent variables predicted the presence of N4 component, nor VEP morphology in the logistic analysis. VEP morphology was not associated with cognitive and motor scores at 2 years. Conclusions Morphine treatment and prematurity were risk factors for altered VEPs parameters at TEA. In our cohort VEP morphology did not predict neurological outcome. Significance Morphine administration should be evaluated according to potential risks and benefits, and dosage individually accustomed, according to pain and comfort scores, considering the possible risk for neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Coviello
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Lori
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bertini
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Montano
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Gabbanini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Bastianelli
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cesarina Cossu
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Cavaliere
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Clara Lunardi
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Zhornitsky S, Oliva HNP, Jayne LA, Allsop ASA, Kaye AP, Potenza MN, Angarita GA. Changes in synaptic markers after administration of ketamine or psychedelics: a systematic scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1197890. [PMID: 37435405 PMCID: PMC10331617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1197890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine and psychedelics have abuse liability. They can also induce "transformative experiences" where individuals experience enhanced states of awareness. This enhanced awareness can lead to changes in preexisting behavioral patterns which could be beneficial in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that ketamine and psychedelics may alter markers associated with synaptic density, and that these changes may underlie effects such as sensitization, conditioned place preference, drug self-administration, and verbal memory performance. In this scoping review, we examined studies that measured synaptic markers in animals and humans after exposure to ketamine and/or psychedelics. Methods A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, through PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science, based on a published protocol (Open Science Framework, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/43FQ9). Both in vivo and in vitro studies were included. Studies on the following synaptic markers were included: dendritic structural changes, PSD-95, synapsin-1, synaptophysin-1, synaptotagmin-1, and SV2A. Results Eighty-four studies were included in the final analyses. Seventy-one studies examined synaptic markers following ketamine treatment, nine examined psychedelics, and four examined both. Psychedelics included psilocybin/psilocin, lysergic acid diethylamide, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and ibogaine/noribogaine. Mixed findings regarding synaptic changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been reported when ketamine was administered in a single dose under basal conditions. Similar mixed findings were seen under basal conditions in studies that used repeated administration of ketamine. However, studies that examined animals during stressful conditions found that a single dose of ketamine counteracted stress-related reductions in synaptic markers in the hippocampus and PFC. Repeated administration of ketamine also counteracted stress effects in the hippocampus. Psychedelics generally increased synaptic markers, but results were more consistently positive for certain agents. Conclusion Ketamine and psychedelics can increase synaptic markers under certain conditions. Heterogeneous findings may relate to methodological differences, agents administered (or different formulations of the same agent), sex, and type of markers. Future studies could address seemingly mixed results by using meta-analytical approaches or study designs that more fully consider individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Henrique N. P. Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Laura A. Jayne
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Aza S. A. Allsop
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alfred P. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Hartford, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gustavo A. Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
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Ceceli AO, Huang Y, Kronberg G, Malaker P, Miller P, King SG, Gaudreault PO, McClain N, Gabay L, Vasa D, Newcorn JH, Ekin D, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Common and distinct fronto-striatal volumetric changes in heroin and cocaine use disorders. Brain 2023; 146:1662-1671. [PMID: 36200376 PMCID: PMC10319776 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different drugs of abuse impact the morphology of fronto-striatal dopaminergic targets in both common and unique ways. While dorsal striatal volume tracks with addiction severity across drug classes, opiates impact ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neuroplasticity in preclinical models, and psychostimulants alter inhibitory control, rooted in cortical regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). We hypothesized parallel grey matter volume changes associated with human heroin or cocaine use disorder: lower grey matter volume of vmPFC/NAcc in heroin use disorder and IFG in cocaine use disorder, and putamen grey matter volume to be associated with addiction severity measures (including craving) across both. In this cross-sectional study, we quantified grey matter volume (P < 0.05-corrected) in age/sex/IQ-matched individuals with heroin use disorder (n = 32, seven females), cocaine use disorder (n = 32, six females) and healthy controls (n = 32, six females) and compared fronto-striatal volume between groups using voxel-wise general linear models and non-parametric permutation-based tests. Overall, individuals with heroin use disorder had smaller vmPFC and NAcc/putamen volumes than healthy controls. Bilateral lower IFG grey matter volume patterns were specifically evident in cocaine versus heroin use disorders. Correlations between addiction severity measures and putamen grey matter volume did not reach nominal significance level in this sample. These results indicate alterations in dopamine-innervated regions (in the vmPFC and NAcc) in heroin addiction. For the first time we demonstrate lower IFG grey matter volume specifically in cocaine compared with heroin use disorder, suggesting a signature of reduced inhibitory control, which remains to be tested directly using select behavioural measures. Overall, results suggest substance-specific volumetric changes in human psychostimulant or opiate addiction, with implications for fine-tuning biomarker and treatment identification by primary drug of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet O Ceceli
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Greg Kronberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pazia Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah G King
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Natalie McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lily Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Devarshi Vasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Defne Ekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Nass SR, Hahn YK, Ohene-Nyako M, McLane VD, Damaj MI, Thacker LR, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Depressive-like Behavior Is Accompanied by Prefrontal Cortical Innate Immune Fatigue and Dendritic Spine Losses after HIV-1 Tat and Morphine Exposure. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030590. [PMID: 36992299 PMCID: PMC10052300 DOI: 10.3390/v15030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV are comorbid epidemics that can increase depression. HIV and the viral protein Tat can directly induce neuronal injury within reward and emotionality brain circuitry, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Such damage involves both excitotoxic mechanisms and more indirect pathways through neuroinflammation, both of which can be worsened by opioid co-exposure. To assess whether excitotoxicity and/or neuroinflammation might drive depressive behaviors in persons infected with HIV (PWH) and those who use opioids, male mice were exposed to HIV-1 Tat for eight weeks, given escalating doses of morphine during the last two weeks, and assessed for depressive-like behavior. Tat expression decreased sucrose consumption and adaptability, whereas morphine administration increased chow consumption and exacerbated Tat-induced decreases in nesting and burrowing—activities associated with well-being. Across all treatment groups, depressive-like behavior correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokines in the PFC. Nevertheless, supporting the theory that innate immune responses adapt to chronic Tat exposure, most proinflammatory cytokines were unaffected by Tat or morphine. Further, Tat increased PFC levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which were exacerbated by morphine administration. Tat, but not morphine, decreased dendritic spine density on layer V pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate. Together, our findings suggest that HIV-1 Tat and morphine differentially induce depressive-like behaviors associated with increased neuroinflammation, synaptic losses, and immune fatigue within the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Yun K. Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Virginia D. McLane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Leroy R. Thacker
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, USA
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-628-7579; Fax: +1-804-828-0676
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Differential Patterns of Synaptic Plasticity in the Nucleus Accumbens Caused by Continuous and Interrupted Morphine Exposure. J Neurosci 2023; 43:308-318. [PMID: 36396404 PMCID: PMC9838694 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0595-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid exposure and withdrawal both cause adaptations in brain circuits that may contribute to abuse liability. These adaptations vary in magnitude and direction following different patterns of opioid exposure, but few studies have systematically manipulated the pattern of opioid administration while measuring neurobiological impact. In this study, we compared cellular and synaptic adaptations in the nucleus accumbens shell caused by morphine exposure that was either continuous or interrupted by daily bouts of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. At the behavioral level, continuous morphine administration caused psychomotor tolerance, which was reversed when the continuity of morphine action was interrupted by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Using ex vivo slice electrophysiology in female and male mice, we investigated how these patterns of morphine administration altered intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing the D1 or D2 dopamine receptor. We found that morphine-evoked adaptations at excitatory synapses were predominately conserved between patterns of administration, but there were divergent effects on inhibitory synapses and the subsequent balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input. Overall, our data suggest that continuous morphine administration produces adaptations that dampen the output of D1-MSNs, which are canonically thought to promote reward-related behaviors. Interruption of otherwise continuous morphine exposure does not dampen D1-MSN functional output to the same extent, which may enhance behavioral responses to subsequent opioid exposure. Our findings support the hypothesis that maintaining continuity of opioid administration could be an effective therapeutic strategy to minimize the vulnerability to opioid use disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Withdrawal plays a key role in the cycle of addiction to opioids like morphine. We studied how repeated cycles of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal from otherwise continuous opioid exposure can change brain function of the nucleus accumbens, which is an important brain region for reward and addiction. Different patterns of opioid exposure caused unique changes in communication between neurons in the nucleus accumbens, and the nature of these changes depended on the type of neuron being studied. The specific changes in communication between neurons caused by repeated cycles of withdrawal may increase vulnerability to opioid use disorders. This highlights the importance of reducing or preventing the experience of withdrawal during opioid treatment.
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Lapierre J, Karuppan MKM, Perry M, Rodriguez M, El-Hage N. Different Roles of Beclin1 in the Interaction Between Glia and Neurons after Exposure to Morphine and the HIV- Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) Protein. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:470-486. [PMID: 34741242 PMCID: PMC9068829 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previously we showed that Beclin1 has a regulatory role in the secretion of inflammatory molecules in glia after exposure to morphine and Tat (an HIV protein). Here we show increased secretion of neuronal growth factors and increased neuronal survival in Beclin1-deficient glia. However, without glia co-culture, neurons deficient in Beclin1 showed greater death and enhanced dendritic beading when compared to wild-type neurons, suggesting that glial-secreted growth factors compensate for the damage reduced autophagy causes neurons. To assess if our ex vivo results correlated with in vivo studies, we used a wild-type (Becn1+/+) and Beclin1-deficient (Becn1+/+) mouse model and intracranially infused the mice with Tat and subcutaneously administered morphine pellets. After morphine implantation, significantly impaired locomotor activities were detected in both Becn1+/+ and Becn1+/- mice, irrespective of Tat infusion. After induction of pain, morphine-induced antinociception was detected. Interestingly, co-exposure to morphine and Tat increased sensitivity to pain in Becn1+/+ mice, but not in similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Brain homogenates from Becn1+/+ mice exposed to Tat, alone and in combination with morphine, showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced expression of growth factors when compared to similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Likewise, increased neuronal loss was detected when both Tat and morphine were administered to Becn1+/+ mice, but not in similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Overall, our findings show that there is a Beclin1-driven interaction between Tat and morphine in glia and neurons. Moreover, reduced glial-Beclin1 may provide a layer of protection to neurons under stressful conditions, such as when exposed to morphine and Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lapierre
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Mohan K M Karuppan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Marissa Perry
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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McFalls AJ, Imperio CG, Woodward E, Krikorian C, Stoltsfus B, Wronowski B, Grigson PS, Freeman WM, Vrana KE. An RNA-seq study of the mPFC of rats with different addiction phenotypes. Brain Res Bull 2022; 191:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Boutin ME, Strong CE, Van Hese B, Hu X, Itkin Z, Chen YC, LaCroix A, Gordon R, Guicherit O, Carromeu C, Kundu S, Lee E, Ferrer M. A multiparametric calcium signal screening platform using iPSC-derived cortical neural spheroids. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:209-218. [PMID: 35092840 PMCID: PMC9177534 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of therapeutics for neurological diseases is hampered by the lack of predictive in vitro and in vivo models. Traditionally, in vitro assays rely on engineered cell lines grown two-dimensionally (2D) outside a physiological tissue context, which makes them very amenable for large scale drug screening but reduces their relevance to in vivo neurophysiology. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) neural cell culture models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been developed as an in vitro assay platform to investigate brain development, neurological diseases, and for drug screening. iPSC-derived neural spheroids or organoids can be developed to include complex neuronal and glial cell populations and display spontaneous, synchronous activity, which is a hallmark of in vivo neural communication. In this report we present a proof-of-concept study evaluating 3D iPSC-derived cortical neural spheroids as a physiologically- and pharmacologically-relevant high-throughput screening (HTS) platform and investigate their potential for use for therapeutic development. To this end, a library of 687 neuroactive compounds were tested in a phenotypic screening paradigm which measured calcium activity as a functional biomarker for neural modulation through fluctuations in calcium fluorescence. Pharmacological responses of cortical neural spheroids were analyzed using a multi-parametric approach, whereby seven peak characteristics from the calcium activity in each well were quantified and incorporated into principal component analysis and Sammon mapping to measure compound response. Here, we describe the implementation of the 687-compound library screen and data analysis demonstrating that iPSC-derived cortical spheroids are a robust and information-rich assay platform for HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Boutin
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA; Ecovative Design, 70 Cohoes Avenue, Green Island, NY, USA
| | - Caroline E Strong
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | - Xin Hu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Zina Itkin
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Srikanya Kundu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Emily Lee
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Ferraro S, Medina JP, Nigri A, Giani L, Demichelis G, Pinardi C, Bruzzone MG, Cecchini Proietti A, Becker B, Chiapparini L, Leone M. Mesocorticolimbic system abnormalities in chronic cluster headache patients: A neural signature? Cephalalgia 2022; 42:1039-1049. [PMID: 35615806 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221092416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence suggests that anatomical and functional mesocorticolimbic abnormalities support the chronicization of pain disorders. METHODS We mapped structural and functional alterations of the mesocorticolimbic system in a sample of chronic cluster headache patients (n = 28) in comparison to age and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 28) employing structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression models showed that several of the examined structures/areas (i.e., the bilateral nucleus accumbens, ventral diencephalon, hippocampus, and frontal pole, and the right amygdala) differentiated chronic cluster headache patients from healthy individuals (p < 0.05, uncorrected). Specifically, all the significant structures/areas had increased volumes in chronic cluster headache patients compared to healthy individuals. The examination of the groups suffering from left and right-sided cranial attacks showed a lateralization effect: ipsilateral to the pain ventral diencephalic regions and contralateral to the pain nucleus accumbens discriminated chronic cluster headache patients from healthy individuals. The resting-state functional MRI data analyses showed that chronic cluster headache patients compared to CTRL individuals present robust reduced functional connectivity in the right frontal pole-right amygdala pathway (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). CONCLUSION Our results showed that chronic cluster headache patients present anatomical and functional maladaptation of the mesocorticolimbic system, with functional data indicating a possible prefrontal areas' failure to modulate the mesolimbic structures. These results were opposite to what we hypothesized based on the previous literature on chronic pain conditions.Future studies should assess whether the observed mesocorticolimbic abnormalities are due to the neuroprotective effects of the assumed medications, or to the frequent comorbidity of CH with neuropsychiatric disorders or if they are a genuine neural signature of CH and/or chronic cluster headache condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ferraro
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jean Paul Medina
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Nigri
- Department of Neurology and Headache Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giani
- Department of Neurology and Headache Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Demichelis
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pinardi
- Medical Physics Unit, ASST Nord Milano, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Cecchini Proietti
- Department of Neurology and Headache Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Benjamin Becker
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Leone
- Department of Neurology and Headache Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
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11
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Mohammadzadeh L, Alizadeh AM, Feiz MS, Jamali S, Abedi M, Latifi H, Haghparast A. Acute morphine administration, morphine dependence, and naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome affect the resting-state functional connectivity and local field potentials of the rat prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113859. [PMID: 35337941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Opiates are among the widely abused substances worldwide. Also, the clinical use of opioids can cause unwanted and potentially severe consequences such as developing tolerance and dependence. This study simultaneously measured the changes induced after morphine dependence and naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and local field potential (LFP) power in the prefrontal cortex of the rat. The obtained results revealed that acute morphine administration significantly increased the LFP power in all frequency bands, as well as the rsFC strength of the prefrontal cortex, and naloxone injection reversed this effect. In contrast, chronic morphine administration reduced neural activity and general correlation values in intrinsic signals, as well as the LFP power in all frequency bands. In morphine-dependent rats, after each morphine administration, the LFP power in all frequency bands and the rsFC strength of the prefrontal cortex were increased, and these effects were further enhanced after naloxone precipitated withdrawal syndrome. The present study concludes that general correlation merely reflects the field activity of the local cortices imaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadzadeh
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Feiz
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Shole Jamali
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohaddeseh Abedi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran; Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O.Box 19615-1178, Iran.
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12
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Malekloo R, Nematollahi S, Vafei AA, Rashidy-Pour A. Effects of different intensities of treadmill exercise on cued fear extinction failure, hippocampal BDNF decline, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio alteration in chronic-morphine treated male rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 421:113732. [PMID: 34990697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic morphine impairs cued fear extinction, which may contribute to the high prevalence of anxiety disorders and the replase of opiate addiction. This work investigated the effects of forced exercise with different intensities on cued fear extinction impairment and alternations of hippocampal BDNF and apoptotic proteins induced by chronic morphine. Rats were injected with bi-daily doses of morphine or saline for ten days and then received a cued or contextual fear conditioning training, which was followed by fear extinction training for four consecutive days. Cued, but the not contextual fear response was impaired in morphine-treated rats. Then, different saline or morphine-treated rats underwent forced exercise for 4-weeks with light, moderate or high intensities. Subsequently, rats received a cued fear conditioning followed by four days of extinction training, and the expression of hippocampal BDNF and apoptotic proteins was determined. A relatively long time after the last injection of morphine (35 days), rats again showed cued fear extinction failure and reduced hippocampal BDNF, which recovered by light and moderate, but not high exercise. Light and moderate, but not high-intensity treadmill exercise enhanced the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of the Bax proteins in both saline- and morphine-treated rats, which shifted the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors in favor of cell survival. These findings highlight the impact of exercise up to moderate intensity in the recovery of cued extinction failure, more likely via BDNF in addicted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Malekloo
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Ali Vafei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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13
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Jia M, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang X, Ma H, Yang M, Li Y, Cui C. MicroRNA-132 is involved in morphine dependence via modifying the structural plasticity of the dentate gyrus neurons in rats. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13086. [PMID: 34382313 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Repeated morphine exposure has been shown to induce neuronal plasticity in reward-related areas of the brain. miR-132, a CREB-induced and activation-dependent microRNA, has been suggested to be involved in the neuronal plasticity by increasing neuronal dendritic branches and spinogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether miR-132 is related to morphine dependence. Here, we investigate whether miR-132 is involved in morphine dependence and whether it is related to the structural plasticity of the dentate gyrus (DG) neurons. Sprague-Dawley rats are treated with increasing doses of morphine injection for six consecutive days to develop morphine dependence. Our results show that dendritic branching and spinogenesis of the DG neurons of morphine dependent rats are increased. Morphine treatment (24 h) promotes the differentiation of N2a cells stably expressing μ-opioid receptor by up-regulating miR-132 expression. Moreover, inhibiting miR-132 3p (but not 5p) of the DG neurons can reverse the structural plasticity and disrupt the formation of morphine dependence in rats. These findings indicate that miR-132 in the DG neurons is involved in morphine dependence via modifying the neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jia
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Center for basic and translational medicine National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease Beijing China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
| | - Mingda Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yijing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
| | - Cailian Cui
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and National Health Commission of China, Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University Beijing China
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14
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Rivera A, Suárez-Boomgaard D, Miguelez C, Valderrama-Carvajal A, Baufreton J, Shumilov K, Taupignon A, Gago B, Real MÁ. Dopamine D 4 Receptor Is a Regulator of Morphine-Induced Plasticity in the Rat Dorsal Striatum. Cells 2021; 11:31. [PMID: 35011592 PMCID: PMC8750869 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposition to morphine elicits structural and synaptic plasticity in reward-related regions of the brain, playing a critical role in addiction. However, morphine-induced neuroadaptations in the dorsal striatum have been poorly studied despite its key function in drug-related habit learning. Here, we show that prolonged treatment with morphine triggered the retraction of the dendritic arbor and the loss of dendritic spines in the dorsal striatal projection neurons (MSNs). In an attempt to extend previous findings, we also explored whether the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) could modulate striatal morphine-induced plasticity. The combined treatment of morphine with the D4R agonist PD168,077 produced an expansion of the MSNs dendritic arbors and restored dendritic spine density. At the electrophysiological level, PD168,077 in combination with morphine altered the electrical properties of the MSNs and decreased their excitability. Finally, results from the sustantia nigra showed that PD168,077 counteracted morphine-induced upregulation of μ opioid receptors (MOR) in striatonigral projections and downregulation of G protein-gated inward rectifier K+ channels (GIRK1 and GIRK2) in dopaminergic cells. The present results highlight the key function of D4R modulating morphine-induced plasticity in the dorsal striatum. Thus, D4R could represent a valuable pharmacological target for the safety use of morphine in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
| | - Diana Suárez-Boomgaard
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alejandra Valderrama-Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.); (A.T.)
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, CNRS, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne Taupignon
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.); (A.T.)
- Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives, CNRS, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Belén Gago
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - M. Ángeles Real
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (D.S.-B.); (A.V.-C.); (K.S.); (M.Á.R.)
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15
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Proteomic Analysis Unveils Expressional Changes in Cytoskeleton- and Synaptic Plasticity-Associated Proteins in Rat Brain Six Months after Withdrawal from Morphine. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070683. [PMID: 34357055 PMCID: PMC8304287 DOI: 10.3390/life11070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug withdrawal is associated with abstinence symptoms including deficits in cognitive functions that may persist even after prolonged discontinuation of drug intake. Cognitive deficits are, at least partially, caused by alterations in synaptic plasticity but the precise molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully identified. In the present study, changes in proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of selected brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) from rats abstaining for six months after cessation of chronic treatment with morphine were determined by label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic analysis. Interestingly, prolonged morphine withdrawal was found to be associated especially with alterations in protein phosphorylation and to a lesser extent in protein expression. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis revealed enrichment in biological processes related to synaptic plasticity, cytoskeleton organization, and GTPase activity. More specifically, significant changes were observed in proteins localized in synaptic vesicles (e.g., synapsin-1, SV2a, Rab3a), in the active zone of the presynaptic nerve terminal (e.g., Bassoon, Piccolo, Rims1), and in the postsynaptic density (e.g., cadherin 13, catenins, Arhgap35, Shank3, Arhgef7). Other differentially phosphorylated proteins were associated with microtubule dynamics (microtubule-associated proteins, Tppp, collapsin response mediator proteins) and the actin–spectrin network (e.g., spectrins, adducins, band 4.1-like protein 1). Taken together, a six-month morphine withdrawal was manifested by significant alterations in the phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. The altered phosphorylation patterns modulating the function of synaptic proteins may contribute to long-term neuroadaptations induced by drug use and withdrawal.
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16
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Knouse MC, Briand LA. Behavioral sex differences in cocaine and opioid use disorders: The role of gonadal hormones. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:358-366. [PMID: 34214512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Females are more vulnerable than males to many aspects of cocaine use disorder. This vulnerability also translates to opioid use disorder, with females exhibiting stronger behavioral responses than males to drugs such as heroin and morphine. While there is evidence for many overlapping neural mechanisms underlying cocaine and opioid abuse, there is also a breadth of evidence indicating divergent effects of the drugs on synaptic plasticity. This makes it unclear whether the behavioral sex differences seen in substance use disorder across different drugs of abuse rely on the same mechanisms. Ovarian hormones have consistently been implicated as drivers of the behavioral sex differences in cocaine taking and seeking. While there are far fewer studies on the role of ovarian hormones in opioid use disorder, the existing data suggest that ovarian hormones may not drive these behavioral effects in the same manner as in cocaine use disorder. This review highlights evidence that behavioral sex differences in substance use disorder might be driven by different mechanisms depending on drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States; Neuroscience Program, Temple University, United States.
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17
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Ube2b-dependent degradation of DNMT3a relieves a transcriptional brake on opiate-induced synaptic and behavioral plasticity. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1162-1177. [PMID: 31576007 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that synaptic structural plasticity, driven by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, underlies addictive drugs-induced long-lasting behavioral plasticity. However, the signaling mechanisms leading to actin cytoskeleton remodeling remain poorly defined. DNA methylation is a critical mechanism used to control activity-dependent gene expression essential for long-lasting synaptic plasticity. Here, we provide evidence that DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a is degraded by the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ube2b-mediated ubiquitination in dorsal hippocampus (DH) of rats that repeatedly self-administrated heroin. DNMT3a degradation leads to demethylation in CaMKK1 gene promotor, thereby facilitating CaMKK1 expression and consequent activation of its downstream target CaMKIα, an essential regulator of spinogenesis. CaMKK1/CaMKIα signaling regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling in the DH and behavioral plasticity by activation of Rac1 via acting Rac guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor βPIX. These data suggest that Ube2b-dependent degradation of DNMT3a relieves a transcriptional brake on CaMKK1 gene and thus activates CaMKK1/CaMKIα/βPIX/Rac1 cascade, leading to drug use-induced actin polymerization and behavior plasticity.
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18
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Doyle MA, Mazei-Robison MS. Opioid-Induced Molecular and Cellular Plasticity of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039362. [PMID: 31964652 PMCID: PMC7371531 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Opioid drugs are highly valued as potent analgesics; however, there are significant risks associated with long-term use because of their abuse liability. Opioids cause changes in ventral tegmental area (VTA) gene expression and cell activity that have been linked to addiction-related behaviors in rodent models. Here, we focus on VTA dopamine (DA) neurons and review the cellular, structural, and synaptic plasticity changes induced by acute and chronic opioid exposure. We also discuss many avenues for future research including determination of whether opioid neuroadaptations are specific for subpopulations of VTA DA neurons. A better understanding of the molecular adaptations within the cells and circuits that drive opioid abuse is crucial for the development of better treatments for substance use disorders and to create novel, safer pain-relieving therapeutics.
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19
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Thompson BL, Oscar-Berman M, Kaplan GB. Opioid-induced structural and functional plasticity of medium-spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:417-430. [PMID: 33152423 PMCID: PMC7855607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing clinical condition with tremendous morbidity and mortality that frequently persists, despite treatment, due to an individual's underlying psychological, neurobiological, and genetic vulnerabilities. Evidence suggests that these vulnerabilities may have neurochemical, cellular, and molecular bases. Key neuroplastic events within the mesocorticolimbic system that emerge through chronic exposure to opioids may have a determinative influence on behavioral symptoms associated with OUD. In particular, structural and functional alterations in the dendritic spines of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and its dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are believed to facilitate these behavioral sequelae. Additionally, glutamatergic neurons from the prefrontal cortex, the basolateral amygdala, the hippocampus, and the thalamus project to these same MSNs, providing an enriched target for synaptic plasticity. Here, we review literature related to neuroadaptations in NAc MSNs from dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in OUD. We also describe new findings related to transcriptional, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms in MSN plasticity in the different stages of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, 80 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Gary B Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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20
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McKendrick G, Graziane NM. Drug-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Its Practical Use in Substance Use Disorder Research. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:582147. [PMID: 33132862 PMCID: PMC7550834 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.582147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is a well-established model utilized to study the role of context associations in reward-related behaviors, including both natural rewards and drugs of abuse. In this review article, we discuss the basic history, various uses, and considerations that are tied to this technique. There are many potential takeaway implications of this model, including negative affective states, conditioned drug effects, memory, and motivation, which are all considered here. We also discuss the neurobiology of CPP including relevant brain regions, molecular signaling cascades, and neuromodulatory systems. We further examine some of our prior findings and how they integrate CPP with self-administration paradigms. Overall, by describing the fundamentals of CPP, findings from the past few decades, and implications of using CPP as a research paradigm, we have endeavored to support the case that the CPP method is specifically advantageous for studying the role of a form of Pavlovian learning that associates drug use with the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer McKendrick
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas M Graziane
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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21
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Peregud D, Panchenko L, Gulyaeva N. Chronic morphine intoxication reduces binding of HuD to BDNF long 3'-UTR, while morphine withdrawal stimulates BDNF expression in the frontal cortex of male Wistar rats. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:283-295. [PMID: 32783781 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1809395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates opiate dependence phenomenon. In the brain of morphine dependent animals BDNF level is controlled transcriptionally, however, post-transcriptional mechanisms of BDNF regulation in this context remain unknown. Regulation of mRNA by binding of specific proteins to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) is one of such mechanisms. Among RNA-binding proteins neuronal Hu antigen D (HuD) is the best characterized positive regulator of BDNF, however its involvement in opiate dependence remains obscure. We suggested that HuD binding to the BDNF 3'-UTR may be linked to changes in BDNF expression induced by morphine. The aim of this study was to investigate potential association of HuD with BDNF 3'-UTR in relation to BDNF expression (Exon- and 3'-UTR-specific mRNA variants and protein level) in the frontal cortex and midbrain of male Wistar rats after chronic morphine intoxication and spontaneous withdrawal in dependent animals. RESULTS After chronic morphine intoxication but not during morphine withdrawal HuD binding to the long BDNF 3'-UTR in the frontal cortex decreased as compared with the corresponding control group, however after intoxication BDNF expression did not change. The level of BDNF Exon I as well as mature BDNF polypeptide increased in the frontal cortex upon morphine withdrawal, while no changes in HuD binding could be detected. CONCLUSION Thus, contrary to the assumption, HuD-BDNF 3'-UTR interaction and BDNF expression in the frontal cortex differentially change in a manner dependent on the context of morphine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil Peregud
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Panchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
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Salahshoor MR, Abdolmaleki A, Jalili C, Ziapoor A, Roshankhah S. Improvement of Petroselinum crispum on Morphine Toxicity in Prefrontal Cortex in Rats. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2020; 10:110-116. [PMID: 32566527 PMCID: PMC7289200 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_126_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Petroselinum crispum (P. Crispum) is an associate of the umbelliferae family with several therapeutic attributes. Morphine is known as a major risk factor in the development of functional disorder of several organs. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of P. Crispum extract against morphine-induced damage to the brain prefrontal cortex (PC) of rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 64 Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: Sham group, Morphine group, P. Crispum groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg), and Morphine + P. Crispum groups. Daily intraperitoneal treatment applied for 20 days. Ferric reducing/antioxidant power method was hired to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The number of dendritic spines was investigated by Golgi staining technique. Cresyl violet staining method was used to determine the number of neurons in the PC region. Furthermore, Griess technique was used to determine the level of serum nitrite oxide. Results: Morphine administration increased nitrite oxide levels and decreased TAC, density of neuronal dendritic spines and neurons compared to the sham group significantly (P < 0.05). In whole doses of the P. Crispum and Morphine + P. Crispum groups, the number of neurons and neuronal dendritic spines increased significantly while nitrite oxide level and TAC decreased compared to the morphine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the administration of P. Crispum extract protects the animals against oxidative stress and nitrite oxide, also improves some PC parameters including the number of neurons, and dendritic spines because of the morphine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Salahshoor
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Abdolmaleki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arash Ziapoor
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshankhah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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23
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McKendrick G, Garrett H, Jones HE, McDevitt DS, Sharma S, Silberman Y, Graziane NM. Ketamine Blocks Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:75. [PMID: 32508606 PMCID: PMC7253643 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from opioid use disorder often relapse during periods of abstinence, which is posited to be caused by negative affective states that drive motivated behaviors. Here, we explored whether conditioning mice with morphine in a conditioned place preference (CPP) training paradigm evoked anxiety-like behavior during morphine abstinence. To do this, mice were conditioned with morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days. Twenty-four hours following conditioning, anxiety levels were tested by measuring time in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze. The next day, mice were placed in the three-compartment chamber to measure morphine-induced CPP. Our results show that following morphine conditioning, mice spent significantly less time in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and expressed robust morphine CPP on CPP test day. Furthermore, we found that an acute treatment with (R,S)-ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a medication demonstrating promise for preventing anxiety-related phenotypes, 30 min before testing on post-conditioning day 1, increased time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze in saline- and morphine-conditioned mice. Additionally, we found that the second injection of ketamine 30 min before CPP tests on post-conditioning day 2 prevented morphine-induced CPP, which lasted for up to 28 days post-conditioning. Furthermore, we found that conditioning mice with 10% (w/v) sucrose using an oral self-administration procedure did not evoke anxiety-like behavior, but elicited robust CPP, which was attenuated by ketamine treatment 30 min before CPP tests. Overall, our results suggest that the ketamine-induced block of morphine CPP may not be attributed solely to alleviating negative affective states, but potentially through impaired memory of morphine-context associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer McKendrick
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Hannah Garrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Holly E Jones
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Summer Undergraduate Research Internship Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Dillon S McDevitt
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Summer Undergraduate Research Internship Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Sonakshi Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuval Silberman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas M Graziane
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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24
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Timing of Morphine Administration Differentially Alters Paraventricular Thalamic Neuron Activity. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0377-19.2019. [PMID: 31801741 PMCID: PMC6920517 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0377-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a brain region involved in regulating arousal, goal-oriented behaviors, and drug seeking, all key factors playing a role in substance use disorder. Given this, we investigated the temporal effects of administering morphine, an opioid with strongly addictive properties, on PVT neuronal function in mice using acute brain slices. Here, we show that morphine administration and electrophysiological recordings that occur during periods of animal inactivity (light cycle) elicit increases in PVT neuronal function during a 24-h abstinence time point. Furthermore, we show that morphine-induced increases in PVT neuronal activity at 24-h abstinence are occluded when morphine administration and recordings are performed during an animals' active state (dark cycle). Based on our electrophysiological results combined with previous findings demonstrating that PVT neuronal activity regulates drug-seeking behaviors, we investigated whether timing morphine administration with periods of vigilance (dark cycle) would decrease drug-seeking behaviors in an animal model of substance use disorder. We found that context-induced morphine-seeking behaviors were intact regardless of the time morphine was administered (e.g., light cycle or dark cycle). Our electrophysiological results suggest that timing morphine with various states of arousal may impact the firing of PVT neurons during abstinence. Although, this may not impact context-induced drug-seeking behaviors.
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25
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Martin JA, Werner CT, Mitra S, Zhong P, Wang ZJ, Gobira PH, Stewart AF, Zhang J, Erias K, Siemian JN, Hagarty D, Mueller LE, Neve RL, Li JX, Chandra R, Dietz KC, Lobo MK, Gancarz AM, Yan Z, Dietz DM. A novel role for the actin-binding protein drebrin in regulating opiate addiction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4140. [PMID: 31515501 PMCID: PMC6742638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent transcriptional and morphological events in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and other brain reward regions contribute to the long-lasting behavioral adaptations that characterize drug addiction. Opiate exposure reduces the density of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons of the NAc; however, the underlying transcriptional and cellular events mediating this remain unknown. We show that heroin self-administration negatively regulates the actin-binding protein drebrin in the NAc. Using virus-mediated gene transfer, we show that drebrin overexpression in the NAc is sufficient to decrease drug seeking and increase dendritic spine density, whereas drebrin knockdown potentiates these effects. We demonstrate that drebrin is transcriptionally repressed by the histone modifier HDAC2, which is relieved by pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases. Importantly, we demonstrate that heroin-induced adaptations occur only in the D1+ subset of medium spiny neurons. These findings establish an essential role for drebrin, and upstream transcriptional regulator HDAC2, in opiate-induced plasticity in the NAc. The underlying transcriptional and cellular events mediating the reduction of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) remains unknown. Here, authors demonstrate that heroin self-administration negatively regulates the actin-binding protein drebrin in the NAc, which is shown to be transcriptionally repressed by the histone modifier HDAC2, and that overexpression of drebrin is sufficient to decrease drug seeking and increase dendritic spine density
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Pedro H Gobira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Jay Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Kyra Erias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Justin N Siemian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Devin Hagarty
- Department of Psychology, California State University Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Lauren E Mueller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Gene Delivery Technology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Karen C Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Amy M Gancarz
- Department of Psychology, California State University Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - David M Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. .,Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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26
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Jiang J, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Zahra A, Long C, Yang L. Exposure to prenatal antidepressant alters medial prefrontal-striatal synchronization in mice. Brain Res 2019; 1717:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Olszewski PK, Wood EL, Klockars A, Levine AS. Excessive Consumption of Sugar: an Insatiable Drive for Reward. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:120-128. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Cholinergic M4 receptors are involved in morphine-induced expression of behavioral sensitization by regulating dopamine function in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 360:128-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Solinas M, Belujon P, Fernagut PO, Jaber M, Thiriet N. Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40 years of research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:481-516. [PMID: 30569209 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the neurotransmitters involved in addiction, dopamine (DA) is clearly the best known. The critical role of DA in addiction is supported by converging evidence that has been accumulated in the last 40 years. In the present review, first we describe the dopaminergic system in terms of connectivity, functioning and involvement in reward processes. Second, we describe the functional, structural, and molecular changes induced by drugs within the DA system in terms of neuronal activity, synaptic plasticity and transcriptional and molecular adaptations. Third, we describe how genetic mouse models have helped characterizing the role of DA in addiction. Fourth, we describe the involvement of the DA system in the vulnerability to addiction and the interesting case of addiction DA replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Finally, we describe how the DA system has been targeted to treat patients suffering from addiction and the result obtained in clinical settings and we discuss how these different lines of evidence have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the physiopathology of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Solinas
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France.
| | - Pauline Belujon
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Thiriet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
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30
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Bisagno V, Cadet JL. Expression of immediate early genes in brain reward circuitries: Differential regulation by psychostimulant and opioid drugs. Neurochem Int 2018; 124:10-18. [PMID: 30557593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although some of the clinical manifestations of substance use disorders might be superficially similar, it is highly likely that different classes of abused drugs including opioids (heroin, morphine, and oxycodone, other opioids) and psychostimulants (cocaine and amphetamines) cause different neuroadaptations in various brain regions dependent in the distribution and concentration of their biochemical sites of actions. In fact, different molecular networks are indeed impacted by acute and chronic administration of addictive substances. Some of the genes whose expression is influenced by the administration of these substances are immediate-early genes (IEGs). IEGs include classes of low expression genes that can become very highly induced within seconds or minutes of activation by endogenous or exogenous stimuli. These IEGs might play important roles in activating target genes that regulate adaptations implicated in the behavioral manifestations diagnosed as addiction. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent data on the effects of psychostimulants and opioids on IEG expression in the brain. The review documents some contrasting effects of these classes of drugs on gene expression and indicates that further studies are necessary to identify the specific effects of each drug class when trying to predict clinical responses to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bisagno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, piso 5, C1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- NIDA Intramural Program, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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31
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Nona CN, Hendershot CS, Lê AD. Behavioural sensitization to alcohol: Bridging the gap between preclinical research and human models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 173:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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32
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De Sa Nogueira D, Merienne K, Befort K. Neuroepigenetics and addictive behaviors: Where do we stand? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 106:58-72. [PMID: 30205119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders involve long-term changes in the brain that lead to compulsive drug seeking, craving, and a high probability of relapse. Recent findings have highlighted the role of epigenetic regulations in controlling chromatin access and regulation of gene expression following exposure to drugs of abuse. In the present review, we focus on data investigating genome-wide epigenetic modifications in the brain of addicted patients or in rodent models exposed to drugs of abuse, with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with transcriptional studies. We highlight critical factors for epigenomic studies in addiction. We discuss new findings related to psychostimulants, alcohol, opiate, nicotine and cannabinoids. We examine the possible transmission of these changes across generations. We highlight developing tools, specifically those that allow investigation of structural reorganization of the chromatin. These have the potential to increase our understanding of alteration of chromatin architecture at gene regulatory regions. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms involved in addictive behaviors could explain persistent phenotypic effects of drugs and, in particular, vulnerability to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De Sa Nogueira
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 3 « Abuse of Drugs and Neuroadaptations », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 1 « Dynamics of Memory and Epigenetics », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France
| | - Katia Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 3 « Abuse of Drugs and Neuroadaptations », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France.
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33
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Lin HC, Wang PW, Wu HC, Ko CH, Yang YH, Yen CF. Altered gray matter volume and disrupted functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in men with heroin dependence. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:435-444. [PMID: 29582514 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chronic heroin use can cause various neuropathological characteristics that may compromise brain function. The present study evaluated the alteration of gray matter volume (GMV) and its resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among male heroin users. METHODS Thirty heroin-dependent men undergoing methadone maintenance therapy and 30 educational-level- and age-matched male controls were recruited for this study. To assess their GMV and rsFC, the participants were evaluated using spoiled gradient echo and gradient-recalled echo planar imaging sequences with a 3-Tesla General Electric MR scanner under resting state. RESULTS The heroin-dependent men showed lower GMV over the right DLPFC in comparison with the controls. Further evaluation of the rsFC of the right DLPFC revealed a marked decrease in interhemispheric DLPFC connectivity among those with heroin dependence under control of head movement and GMV of the right DLPFC. CONCLUSION Although the mechanism remains unclear, the present study shows that chronic heroin use is associated with alteration of morphology as well as rsFC over the right DLPFC. As the DLPFC plays an imperative role in various domains of cognitive function, service providers for heroin users should consider the impacts of possible DLPFC-related cognitive deficits on treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Wu
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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34
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Sjulson L, Peyrache A, Cumpelik A, Cassataro D, Buzsáki G. Cocaine Place Conditioning Strengthens Location-Specific Hippocampal Coupling to the Nucleus Accumbens. Neuron 2018; 98:926-934.e5. [PMID: 29754750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a widely used model of addiction-related behavior whose underlying mechanisms are not understood. In this study, we used dual site silicon probe recordings in freely moving mice to examine interactions between the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in cocaine CPP. We found that CPP was associated with recruitment of D2-positive nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons to fire in the cocaine-paired location, and this recruitment was driven predominantly by selective strengthening of coupling with hippocampal place cells that encode the cocaine-paired location. These findings provide in vivo evidence suggesting that the synaptic potentiation in the accumbens caused by repeated cocaine administration preferentially affects inputs that were active at the time of drug exposure. This provides a potential physiological mechanism by which drug use becomes associated with specific environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sjulson
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Adrien Peyrache
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrea Cumpelik
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniela Cassataro
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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35
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36
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Increased dendritic length in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal neurons during the metestrus phase in Wistar rats. Brain Res 2018; 1682:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Namba MD, Tomek SE, Olive MF, Beckmann JS, Gipson CD. The Winding Road to Relapse: Forging a New Understanding of Cue-Induced Reinstatement Models and Their Associated Neural Mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 29479311 PMCID: PMC5811475 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug addiction, cues previously associated with drug use can produce craving and frequently trigger the resumption of drug taking in individuals vulnerable to relapse. Environmental stimuli associated with drugs or natural reinforcers can become reliably conditioned to increase behavior that was previously reinforced. In preclinical models of addiction, these cues enhance both drug self-administration and reinstatement of drug seeking. In this review, we will dissociate the roles of conditioned stimuli as reinforcers from their modulatory or discriminative functions in producing drug-seeking behavior. As well, we will examine possible differences in neurobiological encoding underlying these functional differences. Specifically, we will discuss how models of drug addiction and relapse should more systematically evaluate these different types of stimuli to better understand the neurobiology underlying craving and relapse. In this way, behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions may be better tailored to promote drug use cessation outcomes and long-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Seven E. Tomek
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Joshua S. Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Frontal cortex dysfunction as a target for remediation in opiate use disorder: Role in cognitive dysfunction and disordered reward systems. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:179-227. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Women exhibit more rapid escalation from casual drug taking to addiction, exhibit a greater withdrawal response with abstinence, and tend to exhibit greater vulnerability than men in terms of treatment outcome. In rodents, short-term estradiol intake in female rats enhances acquisition and escalation of drug taking, motivation for drugs of abuse, and relapse-like behaviors. There is also a sex difference in the dopamine response in the nucleus accumbens. Ovariectomized female rats exhibit a smaller initial dopamine increase after cocaine treatment than castrated males. Estradiol treatment of ovariectomized female rats enhances stimulated dopamine release in the dorsolateral striatum, but not in the nucleus accumbens, resulting in a sex difference in the balance between these two dopaminergic projections. In the situation where drug-taking behavior becomes habitual, dopamine release has been reported to be enhanced in the dorsolateral striatum and attenuated in the nucleus accumbens. The sex difference in the balance between these neural systems is proposed to underlie sex differences in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill B Becker
- Department of Psychology, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan
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40
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BDNF-TrkB controls cocaine-induced dendritic spines in rodent nucleus accumbens dissociated from increases in addictive behaviors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9469-9474. [PMID: 28808012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702441114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cocaine use is associated with prominent morphological changes in nucleus accumbens shell (NACsh) neurons, including increases in dendritic spine density along with enhanced motivation for cocaine, but a functional relationship between these morphological and behavioral phenomena has not been shown. Here we show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling through tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptors in NACsh neurons is necessary for cocaine-induced dendritic spine formation by using either localized TrkB knockout or viral-mediated expression of a dominant negative, kinase-dead TrkB mutant. Interestingly, augmenting wild-type TrkB expression after chronic cocaine self-administration reverses the sustained increase in dendritic spine density, an effect mediated by TrkB signaling pathways that converge on extracellular regulated kinase. Loss of TrkB function after cocaine self-administration, however, leaves spine density intact but markedly enhances the motivation for cocaine, an effect mediated by specific loss of TrkB signaling through phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCγ1). Conversely, overexpression of PLCγ1 both reduces the motivation for cocaine and reverses dendritic spine density, suggesting a potential target for the treatment of addiction in chronic users. Together, these findings indicate that BDNF-TrkB signaling both mediates and reverses cocaine-induced increases in dendritic spine density in NACsh neurons, and these morphological changes are entirely dissociable from changes in addictive behavior.
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Su LY, Luo R, Liu Q, Su JR, Yang LX, Ding YQ, Xu L, Yao YG. Atg5- and Atg7-dependent autophagy in dopaminergic neurons regulates cellular and behavioral responses to morphine. Autophagy 2017; 13:1496-1511. [PMID: 28722508 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1332549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of chronic morphine exposure remains unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that macroautophagy/autophagy of dopaminergic neurons would mediate the alterations of neuronal dendritic morphology and behavioral responses induced by morphine. Chronic morphine exposure caused Atg5 (autophagy-related 5)- and Atg7 (autophagy-related 7)-dependent and dopaminergic neuron-specific autophagy resulting in decreased neuron dendritic spines and the onset of addictive behaviors. In cultured primary midbrain neurons, morphine treatment significantly reduced total dendritic length and complexity, and this effect could be reversed by knockdown of Atg5 or Atg7. Mice deficient for Atg5 or Atg7 specifically in the dopaminergic neurons were less sensitive to developing a morphine reward response, behavioral sensitization, analgesic tolerance and physical dependence compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings suggested that the Atg5- and Atg7-dependent autophagy of dopaminergic neurons contributed to cellular and behavioral responses to morphine and may have implications for the future treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Su
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Rongcan Luo
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Qianjin Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Jing-Ran Su
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Lu-Xiu Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- e Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai , Shanghai , China
| | - Lin Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,d CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province , Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,c Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , China.,d CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
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Anesthesia, brain changes, and behavior: Insights from neural systems biology. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:121-160. [PMID: 28189740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Scofield MD, Heinsbroek JA, Gipson CD, Kupchik YM, Spencer S, Smith ACW, Roberts-Wolfe D, Kalivas PW. The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:816-71. [PMID: 27363441 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic exposure to several classes of drugs of abuse disrupts plasticity in this region, allowing drug-associated cues to engender a pathologic motivation for drug seeking. A number of alterations in glutamatergic transmission occur within the nucleus accumbens after withdrawal from chronic drug exposure. These drug-induced neuroadaptations serve as the molecular basis for relapse vulnerability. In this review, we focus on the role that glutamate signal transduction in the nucleus accumbens plays in addiction-related behaviors. First, we explore the nucleus accumbens, including the cell types and neuronal populations present as well as afferent and efferent connections. Next we discuss rodent models of addiction and assess the viability of these models for testing candidate pharmacotherapies for the prevention of relapse. Then we provide a review of the literature describing how synaptic plasticity in the accumbens is altered after exposure to drugs of abuse and withdrawal and also how pharmacological manipulation of glutamate systems in the accumbens can inhibit drug seeking in the laboratory setting. Finally, we examine results from clinical trials in which pharmacotherapies designed to manipulate glutamate systems have been effective in treating relapse in human patients. Further elucidation of how drugs of abuse alter glutamatergic plasticity within the accumbens will be necessary for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of addiction across all classes of addictive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - J A Heinsbroek
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - C D Gipson
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - Y M Kupchik
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - S Spencer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - A C W Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - D Roberts-Wolfe
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - P W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
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Hakimian J, Minasyan A, Zhe-Ying L, Loureiro M, Beltrand A, Johnston C, Vorperian A, Romaneschi N, Atallah W, Gomez-Pinilla F, Walwyn W. Specific behavioral and cellular adaptations induced by chronic morphine are reduced by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175090. [PMID: 28380057 PMCID: PMC5381919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Opiates, one of the oldest known drugs, are the benchmark for treating pain. Regular opioid exposure also induces euphoria making these compounds addictive and often misused, as shown by the current epidemic of opioid abuse and overdose mortalities. In addition to the effect of opioids on their cognate receptors and signaling cascades, these compounds also induce multiple adaptations at cellular and behavioral levels. As omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) play a ubiquitous role in behavioral and cellular processes, we proposed that supplemental n-3 PUFAs, enriched in docosahexanoic acid (DHA), could offset these adaptations following chronic opioid exposure. We used an 8 week regimen of n-3 PUFA supplementation followed by 8 days of morphine in the presence of this diet. We first assessed the effect of morphine in different behavioral measures and found that morphine increased anxiety and reduced wheel-running behavior. These effects were reduced by dietary n-3 PUFAs without affecting morphine-induced analgesia or hyperlocomotion, known effects of this opiate acting at mu opioid receptors. At the cellular level we found that morphine reduced striatal DHA content and that this was reversed by supplemental n-3 PUFAs. Chronic morphine also increased glutamatergic plasticity and the proportion of Grin2B-NMDARs in striatal projection neurons. This effect was similarly reversed by supplemental n-3 PUFAs. Gene analysis showed that supplemental PUFAs offset the effect of morphine on genes found in neurons of the dopamine receptor 2 (D2)-enriched indirect pathway but not of genes found in dopamine receptor 1(D1)-enriched direct-pathway neurons. Analysis of the D2 striatal connectome by a retrogradely transported pseudorabies virus showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation reversed the effect of chronic morphine on the innervation of D2 neurons by the dorsomedial prefontal and piriform cortices. Together these changes outline specific behavioral and cellular effects of morphine that can be reduced or reversed by dietary n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hakimian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ani Minasyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lily Zhe-Ying
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mariana Loureiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Austin Beltrand
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Camille Johnston
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexander Vorperian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicole Romaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Waleed Atallah
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy Walwyn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- * E-mail:
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45
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Dopamine D1 receptor agonist treatment attenuates extinction of morphine conditioned place preference while increasing dendritic complexity in the nucleus accumbens core. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:18-28. [PMID: 28089852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) has a role in opioid reward and conditioned place preference (CPP), but its role in CPP extinction is undetermined. We examined the effect of D1R agonist SKF81297 on the extinction of opioid CPP and associated dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region involved with reward integration and its extinction. During the acquisition of morphine CPP, mice received morphine and saline on alternate days; injections were given immediately before each of eight daily conditioning sessions. Mice subsequently underwent six days of extinction training designed to diminish the previously learned association. Mice were treated with either 0.5mg/kg SKF81297, 0.8mg/kg SKF81297, or saline immediately after each extinction session. There was a dose-dependent effect, with the highest dose of SKF81297 attenuating extinction, as mice treated with this dose had significantly higher CPP scores than controls. Analysis of medium spiny neuron morphology revealed that in the NAc core, but not in the shell, dendritic arbors were significantly more complex in the morphine conditioned, SKF81297-treated mice compared to controls. In separate experiments using mice conditioned with only saline, SKF81297 administration after extinction sessions had no effect on CPP and produced differing effects on dendritic morphology. At the doses used in our experiments, SKF81297 appears to maintain previously learned opioid conditioned behavior, even in the face of new information. The D1R agonist's differential, rather than unidirectional, effects on dendritic morphology in the NAc core suggests that it may be involved in encoding reward information depending on previously learned behavior.
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46
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Kalivas BC, Kalivas PW. Corticostriatal circuitry in regulating diseases characterized by intrusive thinking. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 27069381 PMCID: PMC4826772 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2016.18.1/pkalivas] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intrusive thinking triggers clinical symptoms in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Using drug addiction as an exemplar disorder sustained in part by intrusive thinking, we explore studies demonstrating that impairments in corticostriatal circuitry strongly contribute to intrusive thinking. Neuroimaging studies have long implicated this projection in cue-induced craving to use drugs, and preclinical models show that marked changes are produced at corticostriatal synapses in the nucleus accumbens during a relapse episode. We delineate an accumbens microcircuit that mediates cue-induced drug seeking becoming an intrusive event. This microcircuit harbors many potential therapeutic targets. We focus on preclinical and clinical studies, showing that administering N-acetylcysteine restores uptake of synaptic glutamate by astroglial glutamate transporters and thereby inhibits intrusive thinking. We posit that because intrusive thinking is a shared endophenotype in many disorders, N-acetylcysteine has positive effects in clinical trials for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including drug addiction, gambling, trichotillomania, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Kalivas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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47
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Kobrin KL, Moody O, Arena DT, Moore CF, Heinrichs SC, Kaplan GB. Acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference increases the dendritic complexity of nucleus accumbens core neurons. Addict Biol 2016; 21:1086-1096. [PMID: 26096355 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Contexts associated with opioid reward trigger craving and relapse in opioid addiction. Effects of reward-context associative learning on nucleus accumbens (NAc) dendritic morphology were studied using morphine conditioned place preference (CPP). Morphine-conditioned mice received saline and morphine 10 mg/kg subcutaneous (s.c.) on alternate days. Saline-conditioned mice received saline s.c. each day. Morphine-conditioned and saline-conditioned groups received injections immediately before each of eight daily conditioning sessions. Morphine homecage controls had no CPP training, but received saline and morphine in the homecage concomitantly with the morphine-conditioned group. Morphine conditioning produced greater place preference than saline conditioning. Mice were sacrificed 1 day after CPP expression. Dendritic changes were studied using Golgi-Cox staining and digital tracing of NAc core and shell neurons. In the NAc core, morphine homecage administration increased spine density, while morphine conditioning increased dendritic complexity, as defined by increased dendritic count, length and intersections. Place preference positively correlated with dendritic length and intersections in the NAc core. The core may mediate reward consolidation and determine how context-related signals from the shell lead to motor behavior. The combination of drug and conditioning in the morphine-conditioned group produced unique morphological effects different from the effects of drug or conditioning procedures by themselves. An additional study found no differences in neuron morphology between saline-conditioned mice, trained as described earlier, and mice that were not conditioned, but received saline in the homecage. The unique effect of morphine reward learning on NAc core dendrites reflects a brain substrate that could be targeted for therapeutic intervention in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L. Kobrin
- Research Service VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Olivia Moody
- Research Service VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA USA
| | | | - Catherine F. Moore
- Research Service VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | | | - Gary B. Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
- Mental Health Service; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston MA USA
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48
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Xie K, Colgan LA, Dao MT, Muntean BS, Sutton LP, Orlandi C, Boye SL, Boye SE, Shih CC, Li Y, Xu B, Smith RG, Yasuda R, Martemyanov KA. NF1 Is a Direct G Protein Effector Essential for Opioid Signaling to Ras in the Striatum. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2992-3003. [PMID: 27773571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can activate Ras-regulated kinase pathways to produce lasting changes in neuronal function. Mechanisms by which GPCRs transduce these signals and their relevance to brain disorders are not well understood. Here, we identify a major Ras regulator, neurofibromin 1 (NF1), as a direct effector of GPCR signaling via Gβγ subunits in the striatum. We find that binding of Gβγ to NF1 inhibits its ability to inactivate Ras. Deletion of NF1 in striatal neurons prevents the opioid-receptor-induced activation of Ras and eliminates its coupling to Akt-mTOR-signaling pathway. By acting in the striatal medium spiny neurons of the direct pathway, NF1 regulates opioid-induced changes in Ras activity, thereby sensitizing mice to psychomotor and rewarding effects of morphine. These results delineate a novel mechanism of GPCR signaling to Ras pathways and establish a critical role of NF1 in opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Lesley A Colgan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Maria T Dao
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Laurie P Sutton
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sanford L Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chien-Cheng Shih
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Baoji Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Roy G Smith
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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49
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Gipson CD, Olive MF. Structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines - root or result of behavior? GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:101-117. [PMID: 27561549 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are multifunctional integrative units of the nervous system and are highly diverse and dynamic in nature. Both internal and external stimuli influence dendritic spine density and morphology on the order of minutes. It is clear that the structural plasticity of dendritic spines is related to changes in synaptic efficacy, learning and memory and other cognitive processes. However, it is currently unclear whether structural changes in dendritic spines are primary instigators of changes in specific behaviors, a consequence of behavioral changes, or both. In this review, we first examine the basic structure and function of dendritic spines in the brain, as well as laboratory methods to characterize and quantify morphological changes in dendritic spines. We then discuss the existing literature on the temporal and functional relationship between changes in dendritic spines in specific brain regions and changes in specific behaviors mediated by those regions. Although technological advancements have allowed us to better understand the functional relevance of structural changes in dendritic spines that are influenced by environmental stimuli, the role of spine dynamics as an underlying driver or consequence of behavior still remains elusive. We conclude that while it is likely that structural changes in dendritic spines are both instigators and results of behavioral changes, improved research tools and methods are needed to experimentally and directly manipulate spine dynamics in order to more empirically delineate the relationship between spine structure and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Gipson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - M F Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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50
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Kutlu MG, Gould TJ. Effects of drugs of abuse on hippocampal plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: contributions to development and maintenance of addiction. Learn Mem 2016; 23:515-33. [PMID: 27634143 PMCID: PMC5026208 DOI: 10.1101/lm.042192.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction. Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug context can contribute to future use and facilitate the transition from initial drug use into drug dependency. On the other hand, the self-medication hypothesis of drug abuse suggests that negative consequences of drug withdrawal result in relapse to drug use as an attempt to alleviate the negative symptoms. In this review, we explored these hypotheses and the involvement of the hippocampus in the development and maintenance of addiction to widely abused drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and cannabis. Studies suggest that initial exposure to stimulants (i.e., cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamine) and alcohol may enhance hippocampal function and, therefore, the formation of augmented drug-context associations that contribute to the development of addiction. In line with the self-medication hypothesis, withdrawal from stimulants, ethanol, and cannabis results in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits, which suggest that an attempt to alleviate these deficits may contribute to relapse to drug use and maintenance of addiction. Interestingly, opiate withdrawal leads to enhancement of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Given that a conditioned aversion to drug context develops during opiate withdrawal, the cognitive enhancement in this case may result in the formation of an augmented association between withdrawal-induced aversion and withdrawal context. Therefore, individuals with opiate addiction may return to opiate use to avoid aversive symptoms triggered by the withdrawal context. Overall, the systematic examination of the role of the hippocampus in drug addiction may help to formulate a better understanding of addiction and underlying neural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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