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Fricker BA, Kelly AM. From grouping and cooperation to menstruation: Spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) are an emerging mammalian model for sociality and beyond. Horm Behav 2024; 158:105462. [PMID: 38000170 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
While spiny mice are primarily used as a model for Type II diabetes and for studying complex tissue regeneration, they are also an emerging model for a variety of studies examining hormones, behavior, and the brain. We began studying the spiny mouse to take advantage of their highly gregarious phenotype to examine how the brain facilitates large group-living. However, this unique rodent can be readily bred and maintained in the lab and can be used to ask a wide variety of scientific questions. In this brief communication we provide an overview of studies that have used spiny mice for exploring physiology and behavior. Additionally, we describe how the spiny mouse can serve as a useful model for researchers interested in studying precocial development, menstruation, cooperation, and various grouping behaviors. With increasingly available technological advancements for non-traditional organisms, spiny mice are well-positioned to become a valuable organism in the behavioral neuroscience community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Fricker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Aubrey M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
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2
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Powell JM, Inoue K, Wallace KJ, Seifert AW, Young LJ, Kelly AM. Distribution of vasopressin 1a and oxytocin receptor protein and mRNA in the basal forebrain and midbrain of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:413-431. [PMID: 36271259 PMCID: PMC9974677 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The nonapeptide system modulates numerous social behaviors through oxytocin and vasopressin activation of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and vasopressin receptor (AVPR1A) in the brain. OXTRs and AVPR1As are widely distributed throughout the brain and binding densities exhibit substantial variation within and across species. Although OXTR and AVPR1A binding distributions have been mapped for several rodents, this system has yet to be characterized in the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Here we conducted receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridization to map distributions of OXTR and AVPR1A binding and Oxtr and Avpr1a mRNA expression throughout the basal forebrain and midbrain of male and female spiny mice. We found that nonapeptide receptor mRNA is diffuse throughout the forebrain and midbrain and does not always align with OXTR and AVPR1A binding. Analyses of sex differences in brain regions involved in social behavior and reward revealed that males exhibit higher OXTR binding densities in the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and anterior hypothalamus. However, no association with gonadal sex was observed for AVPR1A binding. Hierarchical clustering analysis further revealed that co-expression patterns of OXTR and AVPR1A binding across brain regions involved in social behavior and reward differ between males and females. These findings provide mapping distributions and sex differences in nonapeptide receptors in spiny mice. Spiny mice are an excellent organism for studying grouping behaviors such as cooperation and prosociality, and the nonapeptide receptor mapping here can inform the study of nonapeptide-mediated behavior in a highly social, large group-living rodent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Powell
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Inoue
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Kelly J Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 101 Morgan Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Aubrey M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Bouazza A, Favier R, Fontaine E, Leverve X, Koceir EA. Potential Applications of Thyroid Hormone Derivatives in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on 3,5-Diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) in Psammomys obesus (Fat Sand Rat) Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153044. [PMID: 35893898 PMCID: PMC9329750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3,5-Diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) has been shown to exert pleiotropic beneficial effects. In this study we investigated whether 3,5-T2 prevent several energy metabolism disorders related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in gerbils diabetes-prone P. obesus. 157 male gerbils were randomly to Natural Diet (ND-controlled) or a HED (High-Energy Diet) divided in: HED- controlled, HED-3,5-T2 and HED- Placebo groups. 3,5-T2 has been tested at 25 µg dose and was administered under subcutaneous pellet implant during 10 weeks. Isolated hepatocytes were shortly incubated with 3,5-T2 at 10−6 M and 10−9 M dose in the presence energetic substrates. 3,5-T2 treatment reduce visceral adipose tissue, prevent the insulin resistance, attenuated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and reversed liver steatosis in diabetes P. obesus. 3,5-T2 decreased gluconeogenesis, increased ketogenesis and enhanced respiration capacity. 3,5-T2 potentiates redox and phosphate potential both in cytosol and mitochondrial compartment. The use of 3,5-T2 as a natural therapeutic means to regulate cellular energy metabolism. We suggest that 3,5-T2 may help improve the deleterious course of obesity and T2DM, but cannot replace medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouazza
- Biology and Organisms Physiology Laboratory, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria;
| | - Roland Favier
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), INSERM U1055, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 16042 Grenoble, France; (R.F.); (E.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), INSERM U1055, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 16042 Grenoble, France; (R.F.); (E.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Xavier Leverve
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), INSERM U1055, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 16042 Grenoble, France; (R.F.); (E.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
- Biology and Organisms Physiology Laboratory, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +213-(0)6-6674-2770 or +213-(0)2124-7217; Fax: +213-(0)2124-7217
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Fricker BA, Seifert AW, Kelly AM. Characterization of social behavior in the spiny mouse,
Acomys cahirinus. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aubrey M. Kelly
- Department of Psychology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
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Kelly AM, Seifert AW. Distribution of Vasopressin and Oxytocin Neurons in the Basal Forebrain and Midbrain of Spiny Mice (Acomys cahirinus). Neuroscience 2021; 468:16-28. [PMID: 34102266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The nonapeptides vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) are present in some form in most vertebrates. VP and OT play critical roles in modulating physiology and are well-studied for their influences on a variety of social behaviors, ranging from affiliation to aggression. Their anatomical distributions have been mapped for numerous species across taxa, demonstrating relatively strong evolutionary conservation in distributions throughout the basal forebrain and midbrain. Here we examined the distribution of VP-immunoreactive (-ir) and OT-ir neurons in a gregarious, cooperatively breeding rodent species, the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus), for which nonapeptide mapping does not yet exist. Immunohistochemical techniques revealed VP-ir and OT-ir neuronal populations throughout the hypothalamus and amygdala of males and females that are consistent with those of other rodents. However, a novel population of OT-ir neurons was observed in the median preoptic nucleus of both sexes, located dorsally to the anterior commissure. Furthermore, we found widespread sex differences in OT neuronal populations, with males having significantly more OT-ir neurons than females. However, we observed a sex difference in only one VP cell group - that of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), a VP neuronal population that exhibits a phylogenetically widespread sexual dimorphism. These findings provide mapping distributions of VP and OT neurons in Acomys cahirinus. Spiny mice lend themselves to the study of mammalian cooperation and sociality, and the nonapeptide neuronal mapping presented here can serve as a basic foundation for the study of nonapeptide-mediated behavior in a group of highly social rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 675 Rose Street, Lexington KY 40508, USA
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Molecular characterization of Acomys louisae from Somaliland: a deep divergence and contrasting genetic patterns in a rift zone. Mamm Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Placental structure in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165535. [PMID: 31442531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a transitory organ, located between the mother and the foetus, which supports intrauterine life. This organ has nutritional, endocrine and immunologic functions to support foetal development. Several factors are related to the correct functioning of the placenta including foetal and maternal blood flow, appropriate nutrients, expression and function of receptors and transporters, and the morphology of the placenta itself. Placental morphology is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of the organ as represents the physical structure where nutrient exchange occurs. In pathologies of pregnancy such as diabetes mellitus in humans and animal models, several changes in the placental morphology occur, related mainly with placental size, hypervascularization, higher branching capillaries of the villi and increased glycogen deposits among others. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with modifications in the structure of the human placenta including changes in the surface area and volume, as well as histological changes including an increased volume of intervillous space and terminal villi, syncytiotrophoblast number, fibrinoid areas, and glycogen deposits. These modifications may result in functional changes in this organ thus limiting the wellbeing of the developing foetus. This review gives an overview of recurrent morphological changes at macroscopic and histological levels seen in the placenta from gestational diabetes in humans and animal models. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Pinheiro G, Prata DF, Araújo IM, Tiscornia G. The African spiny mouse ( Acomys spp.) as an emerging model for development and regeneration. Lab Anim 2018; 52:565-576. [PMID: 29699452 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218769921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The African spiny mouse ( Acomys spp.) is an emerging animal model with remarkable biological characteristics that make it a subject of interest for a broad range of research fields. Typically a desert species adapted to a low-calorie diet, spiny mice develop diabetes-related symptoms when switched to high-energy diets. Spiny mice undergo relatively long gestation periods and have small litters of highly developed pups, making them an adequate model for late organogenesis and perinatal biology. Recently, they have been shown to have remarkable healing and regeneration capabilities, which make them unique among mammals. In this work, we describe our experience in housing a colony of African spiny mice and cover all basic aspects of feeding, maintenance and breeding for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Pinheiro
- 1 Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Diogo Filipe Prata
- 1 Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Maria Araújo
- 1 Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,2 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,3 Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- 1 Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,3 Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,4 Clínica Eugin, Research and Innovation Department, Spain
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Subramaniam A, Landstrom M, Luu A, Hayes KC. The Nile Rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) as a Superior Carbohydrate-Sensitive Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020235. [PMID: 29463026 PMCID: PMC5852811 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease involving complex genetic and environmental interactions. No single animal model has so far mirrored all the characteristics or complications of diabetes in humans. Since this disease represents a chronic nutritional insult based on a diet bearing a high glycemic load, the ideal model should recapitulate the underlying dietary issues. Most rodent models have three shortcomings: (1) they are genetically or chemically modified to produce diabetes; (2) unlike humans, most require high-fat feeding; (3) and they take too long to develop diabetes. By contrast, Nile rats develop diabetes rapidly (8-10 weeks) with high-carbohydrate (hiCHO) diets, similar to humans, and are protected by high fat (with low glycemic load) intake. This review describes diabetes progression in the Nile rat, including various aspects of breeding, feeding, and handling for best experimental outcomes. The diabetes is characterized by a striking genetic permissiveness influencing hyperphagia and hyperinsulinemia; random blood glucose is the best index of disease progression; and kidney failure with chronic morbidity and death are outcomes, all of which mimic uncontrolled T2DM in humans. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also described in diabetic humans, results from hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation associated with rising blood glucose. Protection is afforded by low glycemic load diets rich in certain fibers or polyphenols. Accordingly, the Nile rat provides a unique opportunity to identify the nutritional factors and underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that characterize human T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Luu
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
| | - K C Hayes
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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Pałkowska-Goździk E, Bigos A, Rosołowska-Huszcz D. Type of sweet flavour carrier affects thyroid axis activity in male rats. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:773-782. [PMID: 28040879 PMCID: PMC5845588 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-nutritive sweeteners are the most widely used food additives worldwide. However, their metabolic outcomes are still a matter of controversy and their effect on the thyroid activity, a key regulator of metabolism, has not been previously studied. Therefore, we aim to determine the influence of the sweet type flavour carrier on selected parameters of thyroid axis activity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 105) were divided into 3 groups fed ad libitum for three weeks isocaloric diets (3.76 ± 0.5 kcal/g): two with the same sweet flavour intensity responded to 10% of sucrose (with sucrose-SC-and sucralose-SU) and one non-sweet diet (NS). To evaluate the post-ingested effects, animals were euthanised at fast and 30, 60, 120, 180 min after meal. RESULTS The results obtained indicate that both the presence and the type of sweet taste flavour carrier affect thyroid axis activity both at fasting and postprandial state. Compared to diet with sucrose which stimulates thyroid axis activity, sucralose addition diminishes thyroid hormone synthesis as thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity, plasma thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration was lower than in SC and NS while in non-sweet diet the lowest level of hepatic deiodinase type 1 (DIO1) and the highest reverse T3 (rT3) level indicate on altered thyroid hormone peripheral metabolism. CONCLUSION Both the presence and the type of sweet flavour carrier have a significant impact on thyroid axis activity. Our findings suggest that this organochlorine sweetener is metabolically active and might exacerbate metabolic disorders via an adverse effect on thyroid hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Warsaw-SGGW, Poland, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bigos
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Warsaw-SGGW, Poland, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Rosołowska-Huszcz
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Warsaw-SGGW, Poland, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Tillman EJ, Morgan DA, Rahmouni K, Swoap SJ. Three months of high-fructose feeding fails to induce excessive weight gain or leptin resistance in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107206. [PMID: 25211467 PMCID: PMC4161399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fructose diets have been implicated in obesity via impairment of leptin signaling in humans and rodents. We investigated whether fructose-induced leptin resistance in mice could be used to study the metabolic consequences of fructose consumption in humans, particularly in children and adolescents. Male C57Bl/6 mice were weaned to a randomly assigned diet: high fructose, high sucrose, high fat, or control (sugar-free, low-fat). Mice were maintained on their diets for at least 14 weeks. While fructose-fed mice regularly consumed more kcal and expended more energy, there was no difference in body weight compared to control by the end of the study. Additionally, after 14 weeks, both fructose-fed and control mice displayed similar leptin sensitivity. Fructose-feeding also did not change circulating glucose, triglycerides, or free fatty acids. Though fructose has been linked to obesity in several animal models, our data fail to support a role for fructose intake through food lasting 3 months in altering of body weight and leptin signaling in mice. The lack of impact of fructose in the food of growing mice on either body weight or leptin sensitivity over this time frame was surprising, and important information for researchers interested in fructose and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Tillman
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Swoap
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Garg M, Mehra P, Bansal DD. Hormonal imbalance and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism associated with chronic feeding of high sucrose low magnesium diet in weanling male wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 389:35-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Auberval N, Dal S, Bietiger W, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Maillard-Pedracini E, Schini-Kerth V, Sigrist S. Metabolic and oxidative stress markers in Wistar rats after 2 months on a high-fat diet. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:130. [PMID: 25960774 PMCID: PMC4424531 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and hepatic complications. Oxidative stress in metabolic tissues has emerged as a universal feature of metabolic syndrome and its co-morbidities. We aimed to develop a rapidly and easily induced model of metabolic syndrome in rats to evaluate its impact on plasma and tissue oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD), and these rats were compared to rats fed a normal diet (ND) for 2 months. Metabolic control was determined by measuring body weight, blood glucose, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in plasma. Insulinemia was evaluated through the measure of C-peptide. Histological analysis was performed on the pancreas, liver and blood vessels. RESULTS After 2 months, the HFD induced an increase in body weight, insulin and triglycerides. Liver steatosis was also observed in the HFD group, which was associated with an increase in glycogen storage. In the pancreas, the HFD induced islet hyperplasia. Tissue oxidative stress was also increased in the liver, pancreas and blood vessels, but plasma oxidative stress remained unchanged. CONCLUSION This paper reports the development of a fast and easy model of rat metabolic syndrome associated with tissue oxidative stress. This model may be a good tool for the biological validation of drugs or antioxidants to limit or prevent the complications of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auberval
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- />Structure d’Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- />Structure d’Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Maillard-Pedracini
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Schini-Kerth
- />Département de Pharmacologie et Physicochimie, UMR 7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, BP60024, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- />UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Frynta D, Fraňková M, Čížková B, Skarlandtová H, Galeštoková K, Průšová K, Šmilauer P, Šumbera R. Social and life history correlates of litter size in captive colonies of precocial spiny mice (Acomys). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-011-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Nováková M, Palme R, Kutalová H, Janský L, Frynta D. The effects of sex, age and commensal way of life on levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus). Physiol Behav 2008; 95:187-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Iannello S, Milazzo P, Belfiore F. Animal and human tissue Na,K-ATPase in normal and insulin-resistant states: regulation, behaviour and interpretative hypothesis on NEFA effects. Obes Rev 2007; 8:231-51. [PMID: 17444965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The sodium(Na)- and potassium(K)-activated adenosine-triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) is a membrane enzyme that energizes the Na-pump by hydrolysing adenosine triphosphate and wasting energy as heat, so playing a role in thermogenesis and energy balance. Na,K-ATPase regulation by insulin is controversial; in tissue of hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic ob/ob mice, we reported a reduction, whereas in streptozotocin-treated hypoinsulinemic-diabetic Swiss and ob/ob mice we found an increased activity, which is against a genetic defect and suggests a regulation by hyperinsulinemia. In human adipose tissue from obese patients, Na,K-ATPase activity was reduced and negatively correlated with body mass index, oral glucose tolerance test-insulinemic area and blood pressure. We hypothesized that obesity is associated with tissue Na,K-ATPase reduction, apparently linked to hyperinsulinemia, which may repress or inactivate the enzyme, thus opposing thyroid hormones and influencing thermogenesis and obesity development. Insulin action on Na,K-ATPase, in vivo, might be mediated by the high level of non-esterified fatty acids, which are circulating enzyme inhibitors and increase in obesity, diabetes and hypertension. In this paper, we analyse animal and human tissue Na,K-ATPase, its level, and its regulation and behaviour in some hyperinsulinemic and insulin-resistant states; moreover, we discuss the link of the enzyme with non-esterified fatty acids and attempt to interpret and organize in a coherent view the whole body of the exhaustive literature on this complicated topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iannello
- Department of Medicina Interna e Patologie Sistemiche, University of Catania, Ospedale Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
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Dickinson H, Walker DW, Cullen-McEwen L, Wintour EM, Moritz K. The spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) completes nephrogenesis before birth. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 289:F273-9. [PMID: 15741606 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00400.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiny mouse is relatively mature at birth. We hypothesized that like other organs, the kidney may be more developed in the spiny mouse at birth, than in other rodents. If nephrogenesis is complete before birth, the spiny mouse may provide an excellent model with which to study the effects of an altered intrauterine environment on renal development. Due to its desert adaptation, the spiny mouse may have a reduced cortex-to-medulla ratio but an equivalent total nephron number to the C57/BL mouse. Kidneys were collected from fetal and neonatal spiny mice and sectioned for gross examination of metanephric development. Kidneys were collected from adult spiny mice (10 wk of age), and glomerular number, volume, and cortex-to-medulla ratios were determined using unbiased stereology. Nephrogenesis is complete in spiny mouse kidneys before birth. Metanephrogenesis begins at ∼ day 18, and by day 38 of a 40-day gestation, the nephrogenic zone is no longer present. Spiny mice have a significantly ( P < 0.001) lower total nephron number compared with C57/BL mice, although the total glomerular volume is similar. The cortex-to-medulla ratio of the spiny mouse is significantly ( P < 0.01) smaller. The spiny mouse is the first rodent species shown to complete nephrogenesis before birth. This makes it an attractive candidate for the study of fetal and neonatal kidney development and function. The reduced total nephron number and cortex-to-medulla ratio in the spiny mouse may contribute to its ability to highly concentrate its urine under stressful conditions (i.e., dehydration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Dickinson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Soria A, D'Alessandro ME, Lombardo YB. Duration of feeding on a sucrose-rich diet determines metabolic and morphological changes in rat adipocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91:2109-16. [PMID: 11641351 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the effect of a short-term (3 wk) and a long-term (15 wk) administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) to Wistar rats on the morphological aspects and metabolic function of the epididymal adipose tissue that may contribute to the mechanism underlying the impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. The present work showed the following. 1) There was both a moderate increase of basal lipolysis and a decrease of the antilipolytic action of insulin in the adipocytes of rats fed a SRD for 3 wk. Neither size alterations nor increases in adipose tissue mass were recorded in this period. 2) There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase of epididymal weight after 15 wk on a SRD as well as a hypertrophy of adipocytes with a clear alteration in the cell size distribution. This was accompanied by a significant increase (P < 0.05) of basal and stimulated lipolysis and a marked decrease (P < 0.05) of the antilipolytic action of insulin. Moreover, these changes appear together with a worsening of both impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results also indicate that the length of time on the SRD plays an important role in the evolution of the adiposity and metabolic changes observed in the fat pad. Furthermore, the latter precedes the detection of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
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