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Geisshüsler S, Schineis P, Langer L, Wäckerle-Men Y, Leroux JC, Halin C, Vogel-Kindgen S, Johansen P, Gander B. Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin‐Based Nanoparticulate Vaccines Can Trigger T‐Cell Immune Responses. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Geisshüsler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schineis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lara Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ying Wäckerle-Men
- Department of Dermatology University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich Gloriastrasse 31 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sarah Vogel-Kindgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich Gloriastrasse 31 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bruno Gander
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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2
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Duru AD, Sun R, Allerbring EB, Chadderton J, Kadri N, Han X, Peqini K, Uchtenhagen H, Madhurantakam C, Pellegrino S, Sandalova T, Nygren PÅ, Turner SJ, Achour A. Tuning antiviral CD8 T-cell response via proline-altered peptide ligand vaccination. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008244. [PMID: 32365082 PMCID: PMC7224568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral escape from CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses correlates with disease progression and represents a significant challenge for vaccination. Here, we demonstrate that CD8+ T cell recognition of the naturally occurring MHC-I-restricted LCMV-associated immune escape variant Y4F is restored following vaccination with a proline-altered peptide ligand (APL). The APL increases MHC/peptide (pMHC) complex stability, rigidifies the peptide and facilitates T cell receptor (TCR) recognition through reduced entropy costs. Structural analyses of pMHC complexes before and after TCR binding, combined with biophysical analyses, revealed that although the TCR binds similarly to all complexes, the p3P modification alters the conformations of a very limited amount of specific MHC and peptide residues, facilitating efficient TCR recognition. This approach can be easily introduced in peptides restricted to other MHC alleles, and can be combined with currently available and future vaccination protocols in order to prevent viral immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Doganay Duru
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute & Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Renhua Sun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva B. Allerbring
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesseka Chadderton
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nadir Kadri
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao Han
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaliroi Peqini
- DISFARM, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezinone Chimica Generale e Organica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Hannes Uchtenhagen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chaithanya Madhurantakam
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, TERI, School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezinone Chimica Generale e Organica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Division of Protein Engineering, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J. Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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3
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Differential Recognition of Influenza A Viruses by M158-66 Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Determined by Extraepitopic Amino Acid Residues. J Virol 2015; 90:1009-22. [PMID: 26537686 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02439-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Natural influenza A virus infections elicit both virus-specific antibody and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. Influenza A virus-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contribute to clearance of influenza virus infections. Viral CTL epitopes can display variation, allowing influenza A viruses to evade recognition by epitope-specific CTLs. Due to functional constraints, some epitopes, like the immunodominant HLA-A*0201-restricted matrix protein 1 (M158-66) epitope, are highly conserved between influenza A viruses regardless of their subtype or host species of origin. We hypothesized that human influenza A viruses evade recognition of this epitope by impairing antigen processing and presentation by extraepitopic amino acid substitutions. Activation of specific T cells was used as an indication of antigen presentation. Here, we show that the M158-66 epitope in the M1 protein derived from human influenza A virus was poorly recognized compared to the M1 protein derived from avian influenza A virus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that naturally occurring variations at extraepitopic amino acid residues affect CD8(+) T cell recognition of the M158-66 epitope. These data indicate that human influenza A viruses can impair recognition by M158-66-specific CTLs while retaining the conserved amino acid sequence of the epitope, which may represent a yet-unknown immune evasion strategy for influenza A viruses. This difference in recognition may have implications for the viral replication kinetics in HLA-A*0201 individuals and spread of influenza A viruses in the human population. The findings may aid the rational design of universal influenza vaccines that aim at the induction of cross-reactive virus-specific CTL responses. IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses are an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections. Natural influenza A virus infections elicit both humoral and cellular immunity. CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are directed predominantly against conserved internal proteins and confer cross-protection, even against influenza A viruses of various subtypes. In some CTL epitopes, mutations occur that allow influenza A viruses to evade recognition by CTLs. However, the immunodominant HLA-A*0201-restricted M158-66 epitope does not tolerate mutations without loss of viral fitness. Here, we describe naturally occurring variations in amino acid residues outside the M158-66 epitope that influence the recognition of the epitope. These results provide novel insights into the epidemiology of influenza A viruses and their pathogenicity and may aid rational design of vaccines that aim at the induction of CTL responses.
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4
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Abstract
Immunoproteasomes (IPs) containing the interferon-inducible subunits β1i (LMP2), β2i (MECL-1), and β5i (LMP7) alter proteasomal cleavage preference, optimise the generation of peptide ligands of MHC class I molecules, alter cytokine profile, influence T-helper cell differentiation, and play a role in T-cell survival. Small molecule inhibitors are useful tools for probing the role of the immunoproteasome in immune functions. Here, we describe different methods to characterise immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors. Thereby, we provide the methodology to analyse the specificity and cell permeability of immunoproteasome inhibitors, as well as to functionally investigate immunoproteasome inhibitors in antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Basler
- Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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5
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Reiser M, Wieland A, Plachter B, Mertens T, Greiner J, Schirmbeck R. The Immunodominant CD8 T Cell Response to the Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Phosphoprotein pp65495–503Epitope Critically Depends on CD4 T Cell Help in Vaccinated HLA-A*0201 Transgenic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2172-80. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Visus C, Ito D, Dhir R, Szczepanski MJ, Chang YJ, Latimer JJ, Grant SG, DeLeo AB. Identification of Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) as a CD8+ T-cell-defined human tumor antigen of human carcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:919-29. [PMID: 21409596 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 12 (HSD17B12) is a multifunctional isoenzyme functional in the conversion of estrone to estradiol (E2), and elongation of long-chain fatty acids, in particular the conversion of palmitic to archadonic (AA) acid, the precursor of sterols and the inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E(2). Its overexpression together with that of COX-2 in breast carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis. We have identified the HSD17B12(114-122) peptide (IYDKIKTGL) as a naturally presented HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2)-restricted CD8(+) T-cell-defined epitope. The HSD17B12(114-122) peptide, however, is poorly immunogenic in its in vitro ability to induce peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells. Acting as an "optimized peptide", a peptide (TYDKIKTGL), which is identical to the HSD17B12(114-122) peptide except for threonine at residue 1, was required for inducing in vitro the expansion of CD8(+) T-cell effectors cross-reactive against the HSD17B12(114-122) peptide. In IFN-γ ELISPOT assays, these effector cells recognize HSD17B12(114-122) peptide-pulsed target cells, as well as HLA-A2(+) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and breast carcinoma cell lines overexpressing HSD17B12 and naturally presenting the epitope. Whereas growth inhibition of a breast carcinoma cell line induced by HSD17B12 knockdown was only reversed by AA, in a similar manner, the growth inhibition of the SCCHN PCI-13 cell line by HSD17B12 knockdown was reversed by E2 and AA. Our findings provide the basis for future studies aimed at developing cancer vaccines for targeting HSD17B12, which apparently can be functional in critical metabolic pathways involved in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Visus
- Division of Basic Research, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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7
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Lico C, Mancini C, Italiani P, Betti C, Boraschi D, Benvenuto E, Baschieri S. Plant-produced potato virus X chimeric particles displaying an influenza virus-derived peptide activate specific CD8+ T cells in mice. Vaccine 2009; 27:5069-76. [PMID: 19563889 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses can be genetically modified to produce chimeric virus particles (CVPs) carrying heterologous peptides. The efficacy of plant-produced CVPs in inducing antibody responses specific to the displayed peptide has been extensively demonstrated. To determine if plants can be used to produce CVPs able to activate peptide-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8+ T cells, potato virus X (PVX) has been engineered to display the H-2D(b)-restricted epitope ASNENMETM of influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP). Engineering criteria were devised to comply not only with plant virus genetic stability and infectivity but also with antigen processing rules. The immunological properties of different doses of endotoxin-free preparations of CVPs or unmodified PVX have been evaluated by s.c. immunizing C57BL/6J mice and testing at different time intervals splenocyte responses by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. These experiments demonstrated that CVPs activate ASNENMTEM-specific CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, the best response was achieved without adjuvant co-delivery. These results represent the proof of concept that well-designed plant virus carriers of epitopes produced in plant can reasonably be used into peptide vaccine formulations aimed to activate cell-mediated immune responses.
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8
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Hendrickson RC, Cicinnati VR, Albers A, Dworacki G, Gambotto A, Pagliano O, Tüting T, Mayordomo JI, Visus C, Appella E, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, DeLeo AB. Identification of a 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 pseudogene as the source of a highly restricted BALB/c Meth A tumor rejection peptide. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 59:113-24. [PMID: 19562340 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis identified the peptide recognized by a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) specific for the chemically induced BALB/c Meth A sarcoma as derived from a 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 (Hsd17b12) pseudogene present in the BALB/c genome, but only expressed in Meth A sarcoma. The sequence of the peptide is TYDKIKTGL and corresponds to Hsd17b12(114-122) with threonine instead of isoleucine at codon 114 and is designated Hsd17b12(114T). Immunization of mice with an Hsd17b12(114T) peptide-pulsed dendritic cell-based vaccine or a non-viral plasmid construct expressing the Hsd17b12(114T) peptide protected the mice from lethal Meth A tumor challenge in tumor rejection assays. A Hsd17b12(114-122) peptide-pulsed vaccine was ineffective in inducing resistance in mice to Meth A sarcoma. These results confirm the immunogenicity of the identified tumor peptide, as well as demonstrate the efficacies of these vaccine vehicles. These findings suggest that the role of the human homolog of Hsd17b12, HSD17B12, as a potential human tumor antigen be explored.
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9
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Le Gall S, Stamegna P, Walker BD. Portable flanking sequences modulate CTL epitope processing. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:3563-75. [PMID: 17975674 DOI: 10.1172/jci32047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide presentation is critical for immune recognition of pathogen-infected cells by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Although a limited number of immunodominant peptide epitopes are consistently observed in diseases such as HIV-1 infection, the relationship between immunodominance and antigen processing in humans is largely unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that endogenous processing and presentation of a human immunodominant HIV-1 epitope is more efficient than that of a subdominant epitope. Furthermore, we have shown that the regions flanking the immunodominant epitope constitute a portable motif that increases the production and antigenicity of otherwise subdominant epitopes. We used a novel in vitro degradation assay involving cytosolic extracts as well as endogenous intracellular processing assays to examine 2 well-characterized HIV-1 Gag overlapping epitopes presented by the same HLA class I allele, one of which is consistently immunodominant and the other subdominant in infected persons. The kinetics and products of degradation of HIV-1 Gag favored the production of peptides encompassing the immunodominant epitope and destruction of the subdominant one. Notably, cytosolic digestion experiments revealed flanking residues proximal to the immunodominant epitope that increased the production and antigenicity of otherwise subdominant epitopes. Furthermore, specific point mutations in these portable flanking sequences modulated the production and antigenicity of epitopes. Such portable epitope processing determinants provide what we believe is a novel approach to optimizing CTL responses elicited by vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Le Gall
- Partners AIDS Research Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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10
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Bijker MS, Melief CJM, Offringa R, van der Burg SH. Design and development of synthetic peptide vaccines: past, present and future. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 6:591-603. [PMID: 17669012 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.6.4.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peptide vaccines aiming at the induction of a protective CD8(+) T-cell response against infectious or malignant diseases are widely used in the clinic but, despite their success in animal models, they do not yet live up to their promise in humans. This review assesses the development of synthetic peptide vaccines, weighs it against the immunological concepts that have emerged, and identifies the key issues that play a role in the failure or success of a synthetic peptide vaccine. The current state-of-the-art peptide vaccine is a complete synthetic inflammatory product that is ingested by professional antigen-presenting cells and stimulates both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn S Bijker
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Immunohematology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Palmowski MJ, Gileadi U, Salio M, Gallimore A, Millrain M, James E, Addey C, Scott D, Dyson J, Simpson E, Cerundolo V. Role of immunoproteasomes in cross-presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:983-90. [PMID: 16818754 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evidence that proteasomes are involved in the processing of cross-presented proteins is indirect and based on the in vitro use of proteasome inhibitors. It remains, therefore, unclear whether cross-presentation of MHC class I peptide epitopes can occur entirely within phagolysosomes or whether it requires proteasome degradation. To address this question, we studied in vivo cross-presentation of an immunoproteasome-dependent epitope. First, we demonstrated that generation of the immunodominant HY Uty(246-254) epitope is LMP7 dependent, resulting in the lack of rejection of male LMP7-deficient (LMP7(-/-)) skin grafts by female LMP7(-/-) mice. Second, we ruled out an altered Uty(246-254)-specific T cell repertoire in LMP7(-/-) female mice and demonstrated efficient Uty(246-254) presentation by re-expressing LMP7 in male LMP7(-/-) cells. Finally, we observed that LMP7 expression significantly enhanced cross-priming of Uty(246-254)-specific T cells in vivo. The observations that male skin grafts are not rejected by LMP7(-/-) female mice and that presentation of a proteasome-dependent peptide is not efficiently rescued by alternative cross-presentation pathways provide strong evidence that proteasomes play an important role in cross-priming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Palmowski
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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12
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Chapatte L, Servis C, Valmori D, Burlet-Schiltz O, Dayer J, Monsarrat B, Romero P, Lévy F. Final Antigenic Melan-A Peptides Produced Directly by the Proteasomes Are Preferentially Selected for Presentation by HLA-A*0201 in Melanoma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6033-40. [PMID: 15528338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.10.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The melanoma-associated protein Melan-A contains the immunodominant CTL epitope Melan-A(26/27-35)/HLA-A*0201 against which a high frequency of T lymphocytes has been detected in many melanoma patients. In this study we show that the in vitro degradation of a polypeptide encompassing Melan-A(26/27-35) by proteasomes produces both the final antigenic peptide and N-terminally extended intermediates. When human melanoma cells expressing the corresponding fragments were exposed to specific CTL, those expressing the minimal antigenic sequence were recognized more efficiently than those expressing the N-terminally extended intermediates. Using a tumor-reactive CTL clone, we confirmed that the recognition of melanoma cells expressing an N-terminally extended intermediate of Melan-A is inefficient. We demonstrated that the inefficient cytosolic trimming of N-terminally extended intermediates could offer a selective advantage for the preferred presentation of Melan-A peptides directly produced by the proteasomes. These results imply that both the proteasomes and postproteasomal peptidases limit the availability of antigenic peptides and that the efficiency of presentation may be affected by conditions that alter the ratio between fully and partially processed proteasomal products.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytosol/enzymology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen
- Humans
- Hydrolysis
- Intracellular Fluid/enzymology
- MART-1 Antigen
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/immunology
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Chapatte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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13
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Salio M, Palmowski MJ, Atzberger A, Hermans IF, Cerundolo V. CpG-matured murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells are capable of in vivo priming of functional CD8 T cell responses to endogenous but not exogenous antigens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:567-79. [PMID: 14970182 PMCID: PMC2211835 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are a unique leukocyte population capable of secreting high levels of type I interferon (IFN) in response to viruses and bacterial stimuli. In vitro experiments have shown that upon maturation, human and murine PDCs develop into potent immunostimulatory cells; however, their ability to prime an immune response in vivo remains to be addressed. We report that CpG-matured murine PDCs are capable of eliciting in naive mice antigen-specific CTLs against endogenous antigens as well as exogenous peptides, but not against an exogenous antigen. Type I IFN is not required for priming, as injection of CpG-matured PDCs into type I IFN receptor-deficient mice elicits functional CTL responses. Mature PDCs prime CTLs that secrete IFN-gamma and protect mice from a tumor challenge. In contrast, immature PDCs are unable to prime antigen-specific CTLs. However, mice injected with immature PDCs are fully responsive to secondary antigenic challenges, suggesting that PDCs have not induced long-lasting tolerance via anergic or regulatory T cells. Our results underline the heterogeneity and plasticity of different antigen-presenting cells, and reveal an important role of mature PDCs in priming CD8 responses to endogenous antigens, in addition to their previously reported ability to modulate antiviral responses via type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolina Salio
- Cancer Research Tumor Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK.
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14
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Kan-Mitchell J, Bisikirska B, Wong-Staal F, Schaubert KL, Bajcz M, Bereta M. The HIV-1 HLA-A2-SLYNTVATL is a help-independent CTL epitope. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:5249-61. [PMID: 15100263 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The CTL response to the HLA-A*0201-restricted, HIV-1 p17 Gag(77-85) epitope (SLYNTVATL; SL9) has been extensively studied in patients. Although this reactivity is exceptionally prominent in chronically infected patients and inversely correlated to viral load, SL9-specific CTLs (SL9-CTLs) are rarely detected in acute infection. To explore the cellular basis for this unusual manifestation, SL9-CTLs primed ex vivo from naive circulating CD8(+) T cells of healthy, seronegative donors were generated and characterized. SL9 appeared to differ from other well-studied A*0201-restricted epitopes in several significant respects. In contrast to published reports for influenza and melanoma peptides and the HIV gag IV9 epitope studied here in parallel, SL9-CTLs were primed by immature but not mature autologous dendritic cells. Highly activated SL9-CTLs produce sufficient autocrine mediators to sustain clonal expansion and CTL differentiation for months without CD4(+) T cells or exogenous IL-2. Moreover, SL9-CTLs were sensitive to paracrine IL-2-induced apoptosis. IL-2 independence and sensitivity to paracrine IL-2 were also characteristic of SL9-CTLs immunized by dendritic cells transduced by a nonreplicating lentiviral vector encoding full-length Gag. In vitro-primed SL9-CTLs resembled those derived from patients in degeneracy of recognition and functional avidities for both SL9 and its natural mutations. Together, these data show that SL9 is a highly immunogenic, help-independent HIV epitope. The scarcity of SL9-CTLs in acute infection may result from cytokine-induced apoptosis with the intense activation of the innate immunity. In contrast, SL9-CTLs that constitutively produce autocrine help would predominate during CD4-diminished chronic infection.
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MESH Headings
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Clone Cells
- Cytokines/physiology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Genetic Vectors
- HIV Antigens/immunology
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mutation
- Paracrine Communication/immunology
- Peptide Fragments
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- June Kan-Mitchell
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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15
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Draenert R, Le Gall S, Pfafferott KJ, Leslie AJ, Chetty P, Brander C, Holmes EC, Chang SC, Feeney ME, Addo MM, Ruiz L, Ramduth D, Jeena P, Altfeld M, Thomas S, Tang Y, Verrill CL, Dixon C, Prado JG, Kiepiela P, Martinez-Picado J, Walker BD, Goulder PJR. Immune selection for altered antigen processing leads to cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape in chronic HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med 2004; 199:905-15. [PMID: 15067030 PMCID: PMC2211885 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations within cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes impair T cell recognition, but escape mutations arising in flanking regions that alter antigen processing have not been defined in natural human infections. In human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B57+ HIV-infected persons, immune selection pressure leads to a mutation from alanine to proline at Gag residue 146 immediately preceding the NH2 terminus of a dominant HLA-B57-restricted epitope, ISPRTLNAW. Although N-extended wild-type or mutant peptides remained well-recognized, mutant virus-infected CD4 T cells failed to be recognized by the same CTL clones. The A146P mutation prevented NH2-terminal trimming of the optimal epitope by the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase I. These results demonstrate that allele-associated sequence variation within the flanking region of CTL epitopes can alter antigen processing. Identifying such mutations is of major relevance in the construction of vaccine sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Draenert
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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16
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Sewell AK, Booth BL, Cerundolo V, Phillips RE, Price DA. Differential processing of HLA A2-restricted HIV type 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes. Viral Immunol 2002; 15:193-6. [PMID: 11952141 DOI: 10.1089/088282402317340332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a key role in the control of persistent viral infections. Differences in the quality of this cellular immune response influence the long-term outcome of such infections, but the factors that determine which virus-derived peptide epitopes are targeted by CTLs remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the antigen-processing requirements of three human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A*0201-restricted HIV-1 CTL epitopes. Each of these three peptides appears to be generated by a distinct proteolytic pathway, despite presentation on the cell surface in association with the same HLA class I molecule. Presentation of the commonly immunodominant SLYNTVATL (HIV-1 p17 Gag; residues 77-85) epitope was unaffected by inhibition of the proteasome with lactacystin, but was dependent on the presence of the beta-subunit LMP7. These findings are consistent with emerging data on the complexity of peptide epitope generation, and suggest that differences in antigen processing might contribute to patterns of CTL recognition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Sewell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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17
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Wu YZ, Zhao JP, Wan Y, Jia ZC, Zhou W, Bian J, Ni B, Zou LY, Tang Y. Mimovirus: a novel form of vaccine that induces hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in vivo. J Virol 2002; 76:10264-9. [PMID: 12239302 PMCID: PMC136564 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.20.10264-10269.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2002] [Accepted: 07/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are now recognized as important mediators of immunity against intracellular pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus and tumors. How to efficiently evoke antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo has become a crucial problem in the development of modern vaccines. Here, we developed a completely novel CTL vaccine-mimovirus, which is a kind of virus-size particulate antigen delivery system. It was formed by the self-assembly of a cationic peptide containing 18 lysines and a CTL-epitope peptide of HBsAg(28-39), with a plasmid encoding mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) through electrostatic interactions. We examined the formation of mimovirus by DNA retardation assay, DNase I protection assay, and transmission electron microscopy and demonstrated that mimovirus could efficiently transfer the plasmid encoding IL-12 into mammalian cells such as P815 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it was proved that mimovirus could induce an HBsAg(28-39)-specific CTL response in vivo. Considering its effectiveness, flexibility, and defined composition, mimovirus is potentially a novel system for vaccination against intracellular pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Ave. Gaotanyan 30th, District Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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18
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Palmowski MJ, Choi EML, Hermans IF, Gilbert SC, Chen JL, Gileadi U, Salio M, Van Pel A, Man S, Bonin E, Liljestrom P, Dunbar PR, Cerundolo V. Competition between CTL narrows the immune response induced by prime-boost vaccination protocols. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:4391-8. [PMID: 11970981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant vaccines encoding strings of virus- or tumor-derived peptides and/or proteins are currently being designed for use against both cancer and infectious diseases. These vaccines aim to induce cytotoxic immune responses against several Ags simultaneously. We developed a novel tetramer-based technique, based on chimeric HLA A2/H-2K(b) H chains, to directly monitor the CTL response to such vaccines in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. We found that priming and boosting with the same polyepitope construct induced immune responses that were dominated by CTL of a single specificity. When a mixture of viruses encoding single proteins was used to boost the polyepitope primed response, CTL of multiple specificities were simultaneously expanded to highly effective levels in vivo. In addition, we show that a preexisting response to one of the epitopes encoded within a polyepitope construct significantly impaired the ability of the vaccine to expand CTL of other specificities. Our findings define a novel vaccination strategy optimized for the induction of an effective polyvalent cytotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Palmowski
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Livingston BD, Newman M, Crimi C, McKinney D, Chesnut R, Sette A. Optimization of epitope processing enhances immunogenicity of multiepitope DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2001; 19:4652-60. [PMID: 11535313 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental DNA vaccines comprised of multiple minimal cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes can effectively induce broad CTL responses; however, such constructs frequently exhibit significant variation in epitope immunogenicity. Antigenicity assays utilizing human cells transfected with one such multiepitope construct revealed that the epitopes with poor immunogenicity were inefficiently processed in transfected cells. Compilation of a database of 94 epitope/flanking region combinations, for which immunogenicity was measured experimentally, revealed that the type of residue immediately following the carboxyl-terminus of the epitope exerted a prominent effect on immunogenicity. Experiments utilizing a variety of HBV-specific vaccine constructs demonstrated epitope immunogenicity could be modulated by the insertion of a single amino acid and the effect on immunogenicity could be ascribed to modulation of processing efficiency. These findings demonstrate that multiepitope DNA vaccines can be engineered to enhance CTL immunogenicity by increasing processing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Livingston
- Epimmune Inc., 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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20
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Velders MP, Weijzen S, Eiben GL, Elmishad AG, Kloetzel PM, Higgins T, Ciccarelli RB, Evans M, Man S, Smith L, Kast WM. Defined flanking spacers and enhanced proteolysis is essential for eradication of established tumors by an epitope string DNA vaccine. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5366-73. [PMID: 11313372 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of immunogenic epitopes by tumors has urged the development of vaccines against multiple epitopes. Recombinant DNA technologies have opened the possibility to develop multiepitope vaccines in a relatively rapid and efficient way. We have constructed four naked DNA-based multiepitope vaccines, containing CTL, Th cell, and B cell epitopes of the human papillomavirus type 16. Here we show that gene gun-mediated vaccination with an epitope-based DNA vaccine protects 100% of the vaccinated mice against a lethal tumor challenge. The addition of spacers between the epitopes was crucial for the epitope-induced tumor protection, as the same DNA construct without spacers was significantly less effective and only protected 50% of the mice. When tested for therapeutic potential, only the epitope construct with defined spacers significantly reduced the size of established tumors, but failed to induce tumor regression. Only after targeting the vaccine-encoded protein to the protein degradation pathway by linking it to ubiquitin, the vaccine-induced T cell-mediated eradication of 100% of 7-day established tumors in mice. The finding that defined flanking sequences around epitopes and protein targeting dramatically increased the efficacy of epitope string DNA vaccines against established tumors will be of importance for the further development of multiepitope DNA vaccines toward clinical application.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- DNA, Intergenic/administration & dosage
- DNA, Intergenic/genetics
- DNA, Intergenic/immunology
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Female
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrolysis
- Injections, Intradermal
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multienzyme Complexes/genetics
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Ubiquitins/genetics
- Ubiquitins/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Velders
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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21
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Price GE, Ou R, Jiang H, Huang L, Moskophidis D. Viral escape by selection of cytotoxic T cell-resistant variants in influenza A virus pneumonia. J Exp Med 2000; 191:1853-67. [PMID: 10839802 PMCID: PMC2213532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.11.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2000] [Accepted: 03/20/2000] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenic variation is a strategy exploited by influenza viruses to promote survival in the face of the host adaptive immune response and constitutes a major obstacle to efficient vaccine development. Thus, variation in the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is reflected by changes in susceptibility to antibody neutralization. This has led to the current view that antibody-mediated selection of influenza A viruses constitutes the basis for annual influenza epidemics and periodic pandemics. However, infection with this virus elicits a vigorous protective CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, suggesting that CD8(+) CTLs might exert selection pressure on the virus. Studies with influenza A virus-infected transgenic mice bearing a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for viral nucleoprotein reveal that virus reemergence and persistence occurs weeks after the acute infection has apparently been controlled. The persisting virus is no longer recognized by CTLs, indicating that amino acid changes in the major viral nucleoprotein CTL epitope can be rapidly accumulated in vivo. These mutations lead to a total or partial loss of recognition by polyclonal CTLs by affecting presentation of viral peptide by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, or by interfering with TCR recognition of the mutant peptide-MHC complex. These data illustrate the distinct features of pulmonary immunity in selection of CTL escape variants. The likelihood of emergence and the biological impact of CTL escape variants on the clinical outcome of influenza pneumonia in an immunocompetent host, which is relevant for the design of preventive vaccines against this and other respiratory viral infections, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme E. Price
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Rong Ou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Lei Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Demetrius Moskophidis
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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