1
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Alkhofash NF, Ali BR. The Evaluation of Drugs as Potential Modulators of the Trafficking and Maturation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor. Biomolecules 2024; 14:764. [PMID: 39062478 PMCID: PMC11274373 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ACE2, part of the angiotensin-converting enzyme family and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), plays vital roles in cardiovascular and renal functions. It is also the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, enabling its entry into cells. This project aimed to study ACE2's cellular trafficking and maturation to the cell surface and assess the impact of various drugs and compounds on these processes. We used cellular and biochemical analyses to evaluate these compounds as potential leads for COVID-19 therapeutics. Our screening assay focused on ACE2 maturation levels and subcellular localization with and without drug treatments. Results showed that ACE2 maturation is generally fast and robust, with certain drugs having a mild impact. Out of twenty-three tested compounds, eight significantly reduced ACE2 maturation levels, and three caused approximately 20% decreases. Screening trafficking inhibitors revealed significant effects from most molecular modulators of protein trafficking, mild effects from most proposed COVID-19 drugs, and no effects from statins. This study noted that manipulating ACE2 levels could be beneficial or harmful, depending on the context. Thus, using this approach to uncover leads for COVID-19 therapeutics requires a thorough understanding ACE2's biogenesis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen F. Alkhofash
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Bassam R. Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Christensen CL, Kan SH, Andrade-Heckman P, Rha AK, Harb JF, Wang RY. Base editing rescues acid α-glucosidase function in infantile-onset Pompe disease patient-derived cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102220. [PMID: 38948331 PMCID: PMC11214518 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) results from pathogenic variants in the GAA gene, which encodes acid α-glucosidase. The correction of pathogenic variants through genome editing may be a valuable one-time therapy for PD and improve upon the current standard of care. We performed adenine base editing in human dermal fibroblasts harboring three transition nonsense variants, c.2227C>T (p.Q743∗; IOPD-1), c.2560C>T (p.R854∗; IOPD-2), and c.2608C>T (p.R870∗; IOPD-3). Up to 96% adenine deamination of target variants was observed, with minimal editing across >50 off-target sites. Post-base editing, expressed GAA protein was up to 0.66-fold normal (unaffected fibroblasts), an improvement over affected fibroblasts wherein GAA was undetectable. GAA enzyme activity was between 81.91 ± 13.51 and 129.98 ± 9.33 units/mg protein at 28 days post-transfection, which falls within the normal range (50-200 units/mg protein). LAMP2 protein was significantly decreased in the most robustly edited cell line, IOPD-3, indicating reduced lysosomal burden. Taken together, the findings reported herein demonstrate that base editing results in efficacious adenine deamination, restoration of GAA expression and activity, and reduction in lysosomal burden in the most robustly edited cells. Future work will assess base editing outcomes and the impact on Pompe pathology in two mouse models, Gaa c.2227C>T and Gaa c.2560C>T.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Hsin Kan
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | | | | | - Jerry F. Harb
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Raymond Y. Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children’s Specialists, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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3
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Gędaj A, Gregorczyk P, Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Kalka M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. Glycosylation of FGF/FGFR: An underrated sweet code regulating cellular signaling programs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:39-55. [PMID: 38719671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute plasma-membrane localized signaling hubs that transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, governing pivotal cellular processes like motility, metabolism, differentiation, division and death. FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for human body development and homeostasis; dysregulation of FGF/FGFR units is observed in numerous developmental diseases and in about 10% of human cancers. Glycosylation is a highly abundant posttranslational modification that is critical for physiological and pathological functions of the cell. Glycosylation is also very common within FGF/FGFR signaling hubs. Vast majority of FGFs (15 out of 22 members) are N-glycosylated and few FGFs are O-glycosylated. Glycosylation is even more abundant within FGFRs; all FGFRs are heavily N-glycosylated in numerous positions within their extracellular domains. A growing number of studies points on the multiple roles of glycosylation in fine-tuning FGF/FGFR signaling. Glycosylation modifies secretion of FGFs, determines their stability and affects interaction with FGFRs and co-receptors. Glycosylation of FGFRs determines their intracellular sorting, constitutes autoinhibitory mechanism within FGFRs and adjusts FGF and co-receptor recognition. Sugar chains attached to FGFs and FGFRs constitute also a form of code that is differentially decrypted by extracellular lectins, galectins, which transform FGF/FGFR signaling at multiple levels. This review focuses on the identified functions of glycosylation within FGFs and FGFRs and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Paulina Gregorczyk
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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4
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Das PK, Gonzalez PA, Jangra RK, Yin P, Kielian M. A single-point mutation in the rubella virus E1 glycoprotein promotes rescue of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus. mBio 2024; 15:e0237323. [PMID: 38334805 PMCID: PMC10936182 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02373-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rubella virus (RuV) is an enveloped plus-sense RNA virus and a member of the Rubivirus genus. RuV infection in pregnant women can lead to miscarriage or an array of severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. Novel rubiviruses were recently discovered in various mammals, highlighting the spillover potential of other rubiviruses to humans. Many features of the rubivirus infection cycle remain unexplored. To promote the study of rubivirus biology, here, we generated replication-competent recombinant VSV-RuV (rVSV-RuV) encoding the RuV transmembrane glycoproteins E2 and E1. Sequencing of rVSV-RuV showed that the RuV glycoproteins acquired a single-point mutation W448R in the E1 transmembrane domain. The E1 W448R mutation did not detectably alter the intracellular expression, processing, glycosylation, colocalization, or dimerization of the E2 and E1 glycoproteins. Nonetheless, the mutation enhanced the incorporation of RuV E2/E1 into VSV particles, which bud from the plasma membrane rather than the RuV budding site in the Golgi. Neutralization by E1 antibodies, calcium dependence, and cell tropism were comparable between WT-RuV and either rVSV-RuV or RuV containing the E1 W448R mutation. However, the E1 W448R mutation strongly shifted the threshold for the acid pH-triggered virus fusion reaction, from pH 6.2 for the WT RuV to pH 5.5 for the mutant. These results suggest that the increased resistance of the mutant RuV E1 to acidic pH promotes the ability of viral envelope proteins to generate infectious rVSV and provide insights into the regulation of RuV fusion during virus entry and exit.IMPORTANCERubella virus (RuV) infection in pregnant women can cause miscarriage or severe fetal birth defects. While a highly effective vaccine has been developed, RuV cases are still a significant problem in areas with inadequate vaccine coverage. In addition, related viruses have recently been discovered in mammals, such as bats and mice, leading to concerns about potential virus spillover to humans. To facilitate studies of RuV biology, here, we generated and characterized a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus encoding the RuV glycoproteins (rVSV-RuV). Sequence analysis of rVSV-RuV identified a single-point mutation in the transmembrane region of the E1 glycoprotein. While the overall properties of rVSV-RuV are similar to those of WT-RuV, the mutation caused a marked shift in the pH dependence of virus membrane fusion. Together, our studies of rVSV-RuV and the identified W448R mutation expand our understanding of rubivirus biology and provide new tools for its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Kumar Das
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Peiqi Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Margaret Kielian
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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5
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Mukherjee MM, Bond MR, Abramowitz LK, Biesbrock D, Woodroofe CC, Kim EJ, Swenson RE, Hanover JA. Tools and tactics to define specificity of metabolic chemical reporters. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1286690. [PMID: 38143802 PMCID: PMC10740162 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1286690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs) provide easily accessible means to study glycans in their native environments. However, because monosaccharide precursors are shared by many glycosylation pathways, selective incorporation has been difficult to attain. Here, a strategy for defining the selectivity and enzymatic incorporation of an MCR is presented. Performing β-elimination to interrogate O-linked sugars and using commercially available glycosidases and glycosyltransferase inhibitors, we probed the specificity of widely used azide (Ac4GalNAz) and alkyne (Ac4GalNAlk and Ac4GlcNAlk) sugar derivatives. Following the outlined strategy, we provide a semiquantitative assessment of the specific and non-specific incorporation of this bioorthogonal sugar (Ac4GalNAz) into numerous N- and O-linked glycosylation pathways. This approach should be generally applicable to other MCRs to define the extent of incorporation into the various glycan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle R. Bond
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lara K. Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Devin Biesbrock
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carolyn C. Woodroofe
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Fredrick, MD, United States
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Department of Chemistry Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Hsu YP, Nourzaie O, Tocher AE, Nerella K, Ermakov G, Jung J, Fowler A, Wu P, Ayesa U, Willingham A, Beaumont M, Ingale S. Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation Using Modified Bisected N-Glycans: Method Development and Potential toward Tunable Effector Function. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1633-1644. [PMID: 37620302 PMCID: PMC10516122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have garnered worldwide attention for disease treatment, as they possess high target specificity, a long half-life, and outstanding potency to kill or modulate the functions of targets. FDA approval of multiple ADCs for cancer therapy has generated a strong desire for novel conjugation strategies with high biocompatibility and controllable bioproperties. Herein, we present a bisecting glycan-bridged conjugation strategy that enables site-specific conjugation without the need for the oligosaccharide synthesis and genetic engineering of antibodies. Application of this method is demonstrated by conjugation of anti-HER2 human and mouse IgGs with a cytotoxic drug, monomethyl auristatin E. The glycan bridge showed outstanding stability, and the resulting ADCs eliminated HER2-expressing cancer cells effectively. Moreover, our strategy preserves the feasibility of glycan structure remodeling to fine-tune the immunogenicity and pharmacokinetic properties of ADCs through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Pang Hsu
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Omar Nourzaie
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ariel E. Tocher
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kavitha Nerella
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Grigori Ermakov
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiwon Jung
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexandra Fowler
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Peidong Wu
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Umme Ayesa
- MRL, Merck
& Co., Inc., 90 E.
Scott Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Aarron Willingham
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maribel Beaumont
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sampat Ingale
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
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7
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Schwarz M, Meyer CE, Löser A, Lossow K, Hackler J, Ott C, Jäger S, Mohr I, Eklund EA, Patel AAH, Gul N, Alvarez S, Altinonder I, Wiel C, Maares M, Haase H, Härtlova A, Grune T, Schulze MB, Schwerdtle T, Merle U, Zischka H, Sayin VI, Schomburg L, Kipp AP. Excessive copper impairs intrahepatocyte trafficking and secretion of selenoprotein P. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3479. [PMID: 37311819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium homeostasis depends on hepatic biosynthesis of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and SELENOP-mediated transport from the liver to e.g. the brain. In addition, the liver maintains copper homeostasis. Selenium and copper metabolism are inversely regulated, as increasing copper and decreasing selenium levels are observed in blood during aging and inflammation. Here we show that copper treatment increased intracellular selenium and SELENOP in hepatocytes and decreased extracellular SELENOP levels. Hepatic accumulation of copper is a characteristic of Wilson's disease. Accordingly, SELENOP levels were low in serum of Wilson's disease patients and Wilson's rats. Mechanistically, drugs targeting protein transport in the Golgi complex mimicked some of the effects observed, indicating a disrupting effect of excessive copper on intracellular SELENOP transport resulting in its accumulation in the late Golgi. Our data suggest that hepatic copper levels determine SELENOP release from the liver and may affect selenium transport to peripheral organs such as the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schwarz
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Caroline E Meyer
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alina Löser
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julian Hackler
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - University Medical School Berlin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Jäger
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mohr
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ella A Eklund
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Blå stråket 5, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angana A H Patel
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Blå stråket 5, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nadia Gul
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Blå stråket 5, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samantha Alvarez
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Blå stråket 5, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ilayda Altinonder
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Blå stråket 5, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Blå stråket 5, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Maares
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Biedersteinerstraße 29, 80802, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Blå stråket 5, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - University Medical School Berlin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
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8
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Maslakova AA, Golyshev SA, Potashnikova DM, Moisenovich AM, Orlovsky IV, Smirnova OV, Rubtsov MA. SERPINA1 long transcripts produce non-secretory alpha1-antitrypsin isoform: In vitro translation in living cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124433. [PMID: 37086761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
SERPINA1 is a well-studied serpin gene due to its dramatic impact on human health. Translation initiation at the main SERPINA1 start codon produces the only known alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) isoform intended for secretion. AAT performs essential functions by inhibiting proteases and modulating immunity. However, SERPINA1 expression at the level of translation is not sufficiently studied. Here we hypothesize that the main SERPINA1 ORF can be alternatively translated, producing a non-secretory AAT isoform by either masking or excluding a signal peptide. We defined SERPINA1 long mRNA isoforms specific for prostate (DU145) and liver (HepG2) cell lines and studied their individual expression by in vitro assay. We found that all long transcripts produce both glycosylated secretory AAT-eGFP fusion protein and non-glycosylated intracellular AAT-eGFP (initiated from an alternative AUG-2 start codon), with the proportion regulated by the SERPINA1 5'-UTR. Both fusion proteins localize to distinct cellular compartments: in contrast to a fusion with the secretory AAT accumulating in the ER, the intracellular one exhibits nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling. We detected putative endogenous AAT isoform enriching the nuclear speckles. CONCLUSION: Alternative translation initiation might be a mechanism through which SERPINA1 expands the biological diversity of its protein products. Our findings open up new prospects for the study of SERPINA1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Maslakova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - S A Golyshev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - D M Potashnikova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A M Moisenovich
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I V Orlovsky
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - O V Smirnova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - M A Rubtsov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia; Center for Industrial Technologies and Entrepreneurship, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya, Moscow 119991, Russia
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9
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McDowell CT, Lu X, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Drake RR. Applications and continued evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:674-705. [PMID: 34392557 PMCID: PMC8946722 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modifier of proteins and lipid conjugates critical for the stability and function of these macromolecules. Particularly important are N-linked glycans attached to asparagine residues in proteins. N-glycans have well-defined roles in protein folding, cellular trafficking and signal transduction, and alterations to them are implicated in a variety of diseases. However, the non-template driven biosynthesis of these N-glycans leads to significant structural diversity, making it challenging to identify the most biologically and clinically relevant species using conventional analyses. Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and data acquisition, as well as in enzymatic and chemical sample preparation strategies, have positioned mass spectrometry approaches as powerful analytical tools for the characterization of glycosylation in health and disease. Imaging mass spectrometry expands upon these strategies by capturing the spatial component of a glycan's distribution in-situ, lending additional insight into the organization and function of these molecules. Herein we review the ongoing evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry beginning with widely adopted tissue imaging approaches and expanding to other matrices and sample types with potential research and clinical implications. Adaptations of these techniques, along with their applications to various states of disease, are discussed. Collectively, glycan imaging mass spectrometry analyses broaden our understanding of the biological and clinical relevance of N-glycosylation to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. McDowell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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10
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Kim A, Kim J, Park CS, Jin M, Kang M, Moon C, Kim M, Kim J, Yang S, Jang L, Jang JY, Kim HH. Peptide-N-glycosidase F or A treatment and procainamide-labeling for identification and quantification of N-glycans in two types of mammalian glycoproteins using UPLC and LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123538. [PMID: 36493594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-glycans in glycoproteins can affect physicochemical properties of proteins; however, some reported N-glycan structures are inconsistent depending on the type of glycoprotein or the preparation methods. OBJECTIVE To obtain consistent results for qualitative and quantitative analyses of N-glycans, N-glycans obtained by different preparation methods were compared for two types of mammalian glycoproteins. METHODS N-glycans are released by peptide-N-glycosidase F (PF) or A (PA) from two model mammalian glycoproteins, bovine fetuin (with three glycosylation sites) and human IgG (with a single glycosylation site), and labeled with a fluorescent tag [2-aminobenzamide (AB) or procainamide (ProA)]. The structure and quantity of each N-glycan were determined using UPLC and LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The 21 N-glycans in fetuin and another 21 N-glycans in IgG by either PF-ProA or PA-ProA were identified using LC-MS/MS. The N-glycans in fetuin (8-13 N-glycans were previously reported) and in IgG (19 N-glycans were previously reported), which could not be identified by using the widely used PF-AB, were all identified by using PF-ProA or PA-ProA. The quantities (%) of the N-glycans (>0.1 %) relative to the total amount of N-glycans (100 %) obtained by AB- and ProA-labeling using LC-MS/MS had a similar tendency. However, the absolute quantities (pmol) of the N-glycans estimated using UPLC and LC-MS/MS were more efficiently determined with ProA-labeling than with AB-labeling. Thus, PF-ProA or PA-ProA allows for more effective identification and quantification of N-glycans than PF-AB in glycoprotein, particularly bovine fetuin. This study is the first comparative analysis for the identification and relative and absolute quantification of N-glycans in glycoproteins with PF-ProA and PA-ProA using UPLC and LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyeon Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Soo Park
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Jin
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Moon
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Yang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Leeseul Jang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Engineering receptors in the secretory pathway for orthogonal signalling control. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7350. [PMID: 36446786 PMCID: PMC9708828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic receptors targeted to the secretory pathway often fail to exhibit the expected activity due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or improper folding. Here, we engineered synthetic receptors that reside in the cytoplasm, inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or on the plasma membrane through orientation adjustment of the receptor parts and by elimination of dysfunctional PTMs sites. The cytoplasmic receptors consist of split-TEVp domains that reconstitute an active protease through chemically-induced dimerization (CID) that is triggered by rapamycin, abscisic acid, or gibberellin. Inside the ER, however, some of these receptors were non-functional, but their activity was restored by mutagenesis of cysteine and asparagine, residues that are typically associated with PTMs. Finally, we engineered orthogonal chemically activated cell-surface receptors (OCARs) consisting of the Notch1 transmembrane domain fused to cytoplasmic tTA and extracellular CID domains. Mutagenesis of cysteine residues in CID domains afforded functional OCARs which enabled fine-tuning of orthogonal signalling in mammalian cells.
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12
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Altammar KA, Ling JG, Al-Bajalan HM, Chin IS, Mackeen MM, Mahadi NM, Murad AMA, Bakar FDA. Characterization of AnCUT3, a plastic-degrading paucimannose cutinase from Aspergillus niger expressed in Pichia pastoris. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2353-2367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Baiseitova A, Lee G, Shah AB, Yoon S, Kim JH, Lee YH, Park KH. New dihydrobenzoxanthone derivatives with bacterial neuraminidase inhibitory activity isolated from Artocarpus elasticus. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105978. [PMID: 35752099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Artocarpus elasticus is a popular fruit tree in the tropical regions. Primary screenings of methanol extracts of the root bark confirmed its potent inhibition of bacterial neuraminidase (BNA), which plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many microbial diseases. Assessments of the responsible phytochemicals were conducted by isolating eight compounds (1-8) and two of them (6 and 8) were identified as new compounds. Among the isolates, the dihydrobenzoxanthones attained the highest BNA inhibition with IC50 values of 0.5 ∼ 3.9 µM. Further investigation of the inhibitory mechanism by Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed the phytochemicals to function as reversible noncompetitive inhibitors. Fluorescence quenching showed their binding affinities were highly correlated with their inhibitory potential dose-dependently. Molecular docking experiments suggested the dihydrobenzoxanthones (4 and 6) as noncompetitive inhibitors of BNA with unique interaction with Tyr435 of BNA in comparison with the mother flavonoid (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhamal Baiseitova
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Bari Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Yoon
- Department of Bio & Medical Big-data (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Wijdeven MA, van Geel R, Hoogenboom JH, Verkade JMM, Janssen BMG, Hurkmans I, de Bever L, van Berkel SS, van Delft FL. Enzymatic glycan remodeling–metal free click (GlycoConnect™) provides homogenous antibody-drug conjugates with improved stability and therapeutic index without sequence engineering. MAbs 2022; 14:2078466. [PMID: 35634725 PMCID: PMC9154768 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2078466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are increasingly powerful medicines for targeted cancer therapy. Inspired by the trend to further improve their therapeutic index by generation of homogenous ADCs, we report here how the clinical-stage GlycoConnect™ technology uses the globally conserved N-glycosylation site to generate stable and site-specific ADCs based on enzymatic remodeling and metal-free click chemistry. We demonstrate how an engineered endoglycosidase and a native glycosyl transferase enable highly efficient, one-pot glycan remodeling, incorporating a novel sugar substrate 6-azidoGalNAc. Metal-free click attachment of an array of cytotoxic payloads was highly optimized, in particular by inclusion of anionic surfactants. The therapeutic potential of GlycoConnect™, in combination with HydraSpace™ polar spacer technology, was compared to that of Kadcyla® (ado-trastuzumab emtansine), showing significantly improved efficacy and tolerability.
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15
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Zhang F, Zang T, Stevenson EM, Lei X, Copertino DC, Mota TM, Boucau J, Garcia-Beltran WF, Jones RB, Bieniasz PD. Inhibition of major histocompatibility complex-I antigen presentation by sarbecovirus ORF7a proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 35665005 PMCID: PMC9164438 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.25.493467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Viruses employ a variety of strategies to escape or counteract immune responses, including depletion of cell surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), that would ordinarily present viral peptides to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. As part of a screen to elucidate biological activities associated with individual SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, we found that ORF7a reduced cell surface MHC-I levels by approximately 5-fold. Nevertheless, in cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, surface MHC-I levels were reduced even in the absence of ORF7a, suggesting additional mechanisms of MHC-I downregulation. ORF7a proteins from a sample of sarbecoviruses varied in their ability to induce MHC-I downregulation and, unlike SARS-CoV-2, the ORF7a protein from SARS-CoV lacked MHC-I downregulating activity. A single-amino acid at position 59 (T/F) that is variable among sarbecovirus ORF7a proteins governed the difference in MHC-I downregulating activity. SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a physically associated with the MHC-I heavy chain and inhibited the presentation of expressed antigen to CD8+ T-cells. Speficially, ORF7a prevented the assembly of the MHC-I peptide loading complex and causing retention of MHC-I in the endoplasmic reticulum. The differential ability of ORF7a proteins to function in this way might affect sarbecovirus dissemination and persistence in human populations, particularly those with infection- or vaccine-elicited immunity.
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16
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Kim J, Kim J, Ryu C, Lee J, Park CS, Jin M, Kang M, Kim A, Mun C, Kim HH. Unidentified N-glycans by N-glycosidase A were Identified by Nglycosidase
F under Denaturing Conditions in Plant Glycoprotein. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:440-447. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220328152941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The identification of N-glycans in plant glycoproteins or plant-made pharmaceuticals is essential for understanding their structure, function, properties, immunogenicity, and allergenicity (induced by plant-specific core-fucosylation or xylosylation) in the applications of plant food, agriculture, and plant biotechnology. N-glycosidase A is widely used to release the N-glycans of plant glycoproteins because the core-fucosylated N-glycans of plant glycoproteins are hydrolyzed by N-glycosidase A but not by N-glycosidase F. However, the efficiency of N-glycosidase A activity on plant glycoproteins remains unclear.
Objective:
To elucidate the efficient use of N-glycosidases to identify and quantify the N-glycans of plant glycoproteins, the identification of released N-glycans by N-glycosidase F and their relative quantities with a focus on unidentified N-glycans by N-glycosidase A in plant glycoproteins, Phaseolus vulgaris lectin (PHA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), were investigated.
Methods:
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze and compare the N-glycans of PHA and HRP treated with either N-glycosidase A or F under denaturing conditions. The relative quantities (%) of each N-glycan (>0.1%) to the total N-glycans (100%) were determined.
Results:
N-glycosidase A and F released 9 identical N-glycans of PHA, but 2 additional core-fucosylated N-glycans were released by only N-glycosidase A, as expected. By contrast, in HRP, 8 N-glycans comprising 6 core-fucosylated N-glycans, 1 xylosylated N-glycan, and 1 mannosylated N-glycan were released by N-glycosidase A. Moreover, 8 unexpected N-glycans comprising 1 core-fucosylated N-glycan, 4 xylosylated N-glycans, and 3 mannosylated N-glycans were released by N-glycosidase F. Of these, 3 xylosylated and 2 mannosylated N-glycans were released by only N-glycansodase F.
Conclusion:
These results demonstrated that N-glycosidase A alone is insufficient to release the N-glycans of all plant glycoproteins, suggesting that to identify and quantify the released N-glycans of the plant glycoprotein HRP, both N-glycosidase A and F treatments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Ryu
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeryong Lee
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Soo Park
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Jin
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Mun
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- Biotherapeutics and Glycomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjakgu,
Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang
University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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17
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Dragic H, Barthelaix A, Duret C, Le Goupil S, Laprade H, Martin S, Brugière S, Couté Y, Machon C, Guitton J, Rudewicz J, Hofman P, Lebecque S, Chaveroux C, Ferraro-Peyret C, Renno T, Manié SN. The hexosamine pathway and coat complex II promote malignant adaptation to nutrient scarcity. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101334. [PMID: 35396334 PMCID: PMC9008580 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present adaptive mechanisms of resistance of lung adenocarcinoma to their harsh microenvironment, which typically contains a lower glucose concentration compared with normal tissue. The glucose-requiring hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine for glycosylation reactions, promotes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. However, lung tumor cells often reside in low-nutrient microenvironments, and whether the HBP is involved in the adaptation of LUAD to nutrient stress is unknown. Here, we show that the HBP and the coat complex II (COPII) play a key role in cell survival during glucose shortage. HBP up-regulation withstood low glucose-induced production of proteins bearing truncated N-glycans, in the endoplasmic reticulum. This function for the HBP, alongside COPII up-regulation, rescued cell surface expression of a subset of glycoproteins. Those included the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), allowing an EGFR-dependent cell survival under low glucose in anchorage-independent growth. Accordingly, high expression of the HBP rate-limiting enzyme GFAT1 was associated with wild-type EGFR activation in LUAD patient samples. Notably, HBP and COPII up-regulation distinguished LUAD from the lung squamous-cell carcinoma subtype, thus uncovering adaptive mechanisms of LUAD to their harsh microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dragic
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Barthelaix
- Institute for Regenerative Medecine and Biotherapy (IRBM), Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Duret
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Le Goupil
- Inserm U1242, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Hadrien Laprade
- Inserm U1242, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Inserm U1242, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,U Hospices Civils of Lyon, Biochemistry and Pharmaco-toxicology Laboratory, Lyon Sud Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jerome Guitton
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,U Hospices Civils of Lyon, Biochemistry and Pharmaco-toxicology Laboratory, Lyon Sud Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Justine Rudewicz
- Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center, CBiB, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Federation Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge and BB-0033-00025, Nice University Hospital, IRCAN Antoine Lacassagne Center, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Serge Lebecque
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cedric Chaveroux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Biopathology of Tumours, GHE Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Toufic Renno
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Serge N Manié
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France .,Inserm U1242, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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18
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Bakshi T, Pham D, Kaur R, Sun B. Hidden Relationships between N-Glycosylation and Disulfide Bonds in Individual Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073742. [PMID: 35409101 PMCID: PMC8998389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation (NG) and disulfide bonds (DBs) are two prevalent co/post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are often conserved and coexist in membrane and secreted proteins involved in a large number of diseases. Both in the past and in recent times, the enzymes and chaperones regulating these PTMs have been constantly discovered to directly interact with each other or colocalize in the ER. However, beyond a few model proteins, how such cooperation affects N-glycan modification and disulfide bonding at selective sites in individual proteins is largely unknown. Here, we reviewed the literature to discover the current status in understanding the relationships between NG and DBs in individual proteins. Our results showed that more than 2700 human proteins carry both PTMs, and fewer than 2% of them have been investigated in the associations between NG and DBs. We summarized both these proteins with the reported relationships in the two PTMs and the tools used to discover the relationships. We hope that, by exposing this largely understudied field, more investigations can be encouraged to unveil the hidden relationships of NG and DBs in the majority of membranes and secreted proteins for pathophysiological understanding and biotherapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bakshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - David Pham
- Department of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Raminderjeet Kaur
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Bingyun Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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19
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Kulicke CA, De Zan E, Hein Z, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Ghanwat S, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Klenerman P, Christianson JC, Springer S, Nijman SM, Cerundolo V, Salio M. The P5-type ATPase ATP13A1 modulates major histocompatibility complex I-related protein 1 (MR1)-mediated antigen presentation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101542. [PMID: 34968463 PMCID: PMC8808182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule major histocompatibility complex-I-related protein 1 (MR1) presents small-molecule metabolites to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. The MR1-MAIT cell axis has been implicated in a variety of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, and recent studies have begun to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this specialized antigen presentation pathway. However, proteins regulating MR1 folding, loading, stability, and surface expression remain to be identified. Here, we performed a gene trap screen to discover novel modulators of MR1 surface expression through insertional mutagenesis of an MR1-overexpressing clone derived from the near-haploid human cell line HAP1 (HAP1.MR1). The most significant positive regulators identified included β2-microglobulin, a known regulator of MR1 surface expression, and ATP13A1, a P5-type ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) not previously known to be associated with MR1-mediated antigen presentation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ATP13A1 in both HAP1.MR1 and THP-1 cell lines revealed a profound reduction in MR1 protein levels and a concomitant functional defect specific to MR1-mediated antigen presentation. Collectively, these data are consistent with the ER-resident ATP13A1 being a key posttranscriptional determinant of MR1 surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna A Kulicke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Erica De Zan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zeynep Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Swapnil Ghanwat
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John C Christianson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Nijman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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20
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Kołaczkowski BM, Jørgensen CI, Spodsberg N, Stringer MA, Supekar NT, Azadi P, Westh P, Krogh KBRM, Jensen K. Analysis of fungal high-mannose structures using CAZymes. Glycobiology 2021; 32:304-313. [PMID: 34939126 PMCID: PMC8970417 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoengineering ultimately allows control over glycosylation patterns to generate new glycoprotein variants with desired properties. A common challenge is glycan heterogeneity, which may affect protein function and limit the use of key techniques such as mass spectrometry. Moreover, heterologous protein expression can introduce nonnative glycan chains that may not fulfill the requirement for therapeutic proteins. One strategy to address these challenges is partial trimming or complete removal of glycan chains, which can be obtained through selective application of exoglycosidases. Here, we demonstrate an enzymatic O-deglycosylation toolbox of a GH92 α-1,2-mannosidase from Neobacillus novalis, a GH2 β-galactofuranosidase from Amesia atrobrunnea and the jack bean α-mannosidase. The extent of enzymatic O-deglycosylation was mapped against a full glycosyl linkage analysis of the O-glycosylated linker of cellobiohydrolase I from Trichoderma reesei (TrCel7A). Furthermore, the influence of deglycosylation on TrCel7A functionality was evaluated by kinetic characterization of native and O-deglycosylated forms of TrCel7A. This study expands structural knowledge on fungal O-glycosylation and presents a ready-to-use enzymatic approach for controlled O-glycan engineering in glycoproteins expressed in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej M Kołaczkowski
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Building 28, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mary A Stringer
- Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Nitin T Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Rd. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, 315 Riverbend Rd. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Peter Westh
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 224, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Kenneth Jensen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +45-307-70529; e-mail:
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21
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Neupane B, Fendereski M, Nazneen F, Guo YL, Bai F. Murine Trophoblast Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Cells Attenuate Zika Virus In Vitro by Reducing Glycosylation of the Viral Envelope Protein. Cells 2021; 10:3085. [PMID: 34831310 PMCID: PMC8619372 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause devastating fetal neuropathological abnormalities, including microcephaly. Most studies of ZIKV infection in pregnancy have focused on post-implantation stage embryos. Currently, we have limited knowledge about how a pre-implantation stage embryo deals with a viral infection. This study investigates ZIKV infection on mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and their in vitro differentiated TSCs (DTSCs), which resemble the cellular components of the trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst that later develops into the placenta. We demonstrate that TSCs and DTSCs are permissive to ZIKV infection; however, ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs exhibit substantially lower infectivity, as shown in vitro and in a mouse model compared to ZIKV that was generated in Vero cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We further show that the low infectivity of ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs is associated with a reduced level of glycosylation on the viral envelope (E) proteins, which are essential for ZIKV to establish initial attachment by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The decreased level of glycosylation on ZIKV E is, at least, partially due to the low-level expression of a glycosylation-related gene, Hexa, in TSCs and DTSCs. Furthermore, this finding is not limited to ZIKV since similar observations have been made as to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) propagated in TSCs and DTSCs. In conclusion, our results reveal a novel phenomenon suggesting that murine TSCs and their differentiated cells may have adapted a cellular glycosylation system that can limit viral infectivity by altering the glycosylation of viral envelope proteins, therefore serving as a unique, innate anti-viral mechanism in the pre-implantation stage embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA; (B.N.); (M.F.); (F.N.); (Y.-L.G.)
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22
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Novel diagnostic options for endometriosis - Based on the glycome and microbiome. J Adv Res 2021; 33:167-181. [PMID: 34603787 PMCID: PMC8463906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological disease whose aetiology is still unknown. Despite its prevalence among women of reproductive age, the pathology of the disease has not yet been elucidated and only symptomatic treatment is available. Endometriosis has high latency and diagnostic methods are both limited and invasive. Aim of review The aim of this review is to summarise minimally invasive or non-invasive diagnostic methods for endometriosis and their diagnostic efficiencies. Furthermore, we discuss the identification and diagnostic potential of novel disease biomarkers of microbial or glycan origin. Key scientific concepts of review Great efforts have been made to develop minimally invasive or non-invasive diagnostic methods in endometriosis. The problem with most potential biomarker candidates is that they have high accuracy only in cases of severe disease. Therefore, it is necessary to examine other potential biomarkers more closely. Associations between gastrointestinal and genital tract microbial health and endometriosis have been identified. For instance, irritable bowel syndrome is more common in women with endometriosis, and hormonal imbalance has a negative impact on the microbiome of both the genital tract and the gastrointestinal system. Further interrogation of these associations may have potential diagnostic significance and may identify novel therapeutic avenues. Glycomics may also be a potent source of biomarkers of endometriosis, with a number of glyco-biomarkers already approved by the FDA. Endometriosis-associated microbial and glycomic profiles may represent viable targets for development of innovative diagnostics in this debilitating disease.
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23
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Dobrica M, van Eerde A, Tucureanu C, Onu A, Paruch L, Caras I, Vlase E, Steen H, Haugslien S, Alonzi D, Zitzmann N, Bock R, Dubuisson J, Popescu C, Stavaru C, Liu Clarke J, Branza‐Nichita N. Hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana triggers humoral response with virus-neutralizing activity in vaccinated mice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2027-2039. [PMID: 34002936 PMCID: PMC8486241 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a leading cause of liver-related pathologies and a global health problem, currently affecting more than 71 million people worldwide. The development of a prophylactic vaccine is much needed to complement the effective antiviral treatment available and achieve HCV eradication. Current strategies focus on increasing the immunogenicity of the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies, by testing various expression systems or manipulating the protein conformation and the N-glycosylation pattern. Here we report the first evidence of successful production of the full-length HCV E2 glycoprotein in Nicotiana benthamiana, by using the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression technology. Molecular and functional analysis showed that the viral protein was correctly processed in plant cells and achieved the native folding required for binding to CD81, one of the HCV receptors. N-glycan analysis of HCV-E2 produced in N. benthamiana and mammalian cells indicated host-specific trimming of mannose residues and possibly, protein trafficking. Notably, the plant-derived viral antigen triggered a significant immune response in vaccinated mice, characterized by the presence of antibodies with HCV-neutralizing activity. Together, our study demonstrates that N. benthamiana is a viable alternative to costly mammalian cell cultures for the expression of complex viral antigens and supports the use of plants as cost-effective production platforms for the development of HCV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catalin Tucureanu
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Adrian Onu
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Lisa Paruch
- NIBIO ‐ Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Iuliana Caras
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Ene Vlase
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Hege Steen
- NIBIO ‐ Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | | | - Dominic Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology InstituteDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology InstituteDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Université LilleCNRSINSERMCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019‐UMR 9017‐CIIL‐Center for Infection and Immunity of LilleLilleFrance
| | | | - Crina Stavaru
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
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24
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Xu Z, Zhang Y, Ocansey DKW, Wang B, Mao F. Glycosylation in Cervical Cancer: New Insights and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:706862. [PMID: 34485140 PMCID: PMC8415776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer has become the most frequent female malignancy and presents as a general health challenge in many countries undergoing economic development. Various human papillomaviruses (HPV) types have appeared as one of the most critically identifiable causes of widespread cervical cancers. Conventional cervical cytological inspection has limitations of variable sensitivity according to cervical cytology. Glycobiology has been fundamental in related exploration in various gynecologic and reproductive fields and has contributed to our understanding of cervical cancer. It is associated with altered expression of N-linked glycan as well as abnormal expression of terminal glycan structures. The analytical approaches available to determine serum and tissue glycosylation, as well as potential underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular glycosylation alterations, are monitored. Moreover, cellular glycosylation influences various aspects of cervical cancer biology, ranging from cell surface expressions, cell-cell adhesion, cancer signaling, cancer diagnosis, and management. In general, discoveries in glycan profiling make it technically reproducible and affordable to perform serum glycoproteomic analyses and build on previous work exploring an expanded variety of glycosylation markers in the majority of cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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25
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Hasan MM, Mimi MA, Mamun MA, Islam A, Waliullah ASM, Nabi MM, Tamannaa Z, Kahyo T, Setou M. Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Glycome in the Brain. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:711955. [PMID: 34393728 PMCID: PMC8358800 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.711955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are diverse structured biomolecules that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Glycosylation, an enzymatic system through which various glycans are bound to proteins and lipids, is the most common and functionally crucial post-translational modification process. It is known to be associated with brain development, signal transduction, molecular trafficking, neurodegenerative disorders, psychopathologies, and brain cancers. Glycans in glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in brain cells are involved in neuronal development, biological processes, and central nervous system maintenance. The composition and expression of glycans are known to change during those physiological processes. Therefore, imaging of glycans and the glycoconjugates in the brain regions has become a “hot” topic nowadays. Imaging techniques using lectins, antibodies, and chemical reporters are traditionally used for glycan detection. However, those techniques offer limited glycome detection. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an evolving field that combines mass spectrometry with histology allowing spatial and label-free visualization of molecules in the brain. In the last decades, several studies have employed MSI for glycome imaging in brain tissues. The current state of MSI uses on-tissue enzymatic digestion or chemical reaction to facilitate successful glycome imaging. Here, we reviewed the available literature that applied MSI techniques for glycome visualization and characterization in the brain. We also described the general methodologies for glycome MSI and discussed its potential use in the three-dimensional MSI in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mst Afsana Mimi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - A S M Waliullah
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Mahamodun Nabi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Zinat Tamannaa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
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26
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Yamamoto A, Yasue Y, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Determining The Role of Surface Glycans in The Pharmacokinetics of Small Extracellular Vesicles. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3261-3267. [PMID: 34090899 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication and are thereby expected to be promising carriers for drug delivery. Understanding the factors that affect sEV pharmacokinetics is crucial for its application as a drug delivery carrier. In this study, the role of sEV surface glycans was investigated by evaluating the effects of enzymatic deglycosylation treatment on sEV pharmacokinetics. First, control glycoprotein fetuin was used to optimize the glycosidase treatment conditions. B16-BL6-derived sEVs labeled with fusion proteins comprising Gag protein and Gaussia luciferase (gLuc) (Gag-gLuc) were then treated with glycosidases, Peptide-N-Glycosidase F or O-glycosidase, which cleaves N- and O-glycans, respectively. Glycosidase-treated sEVs showed physicochemical characteristics comparable to those of the untreated sEVs. However, removal of N-glycans from B16-BL6 sEVs enhanced cellular uptake by the peritoneal macrophages, while the removal of O-glycans had minimal impact, as evaluated by flow cytometry. To determine the effect of surface glycans on the sEV pharmacokinetics, Gag-gLuc labeled B16-BL6 sEVs treated with or without glycosidases were then intravenously administered to mice. Glycosidase-treated sEVs showed almost identical clearance from the blood circulation as that of the untreated sEVs. These results suggest minimal impact of surface glycans on sEV pharmacokinetics, despites its effect on cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukari Yasue
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Characterization of Hevin (SPARCL1) Immunoreactivity in Postmortem Human Brain Homogenates. Neuroscience 2021; 467:91-109. [PMID: 34033869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hevin is a matricellular glycoprotein that plays important roles in neural developmental processes such as neuronal migration, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In contrast to other matricellular proteins whose expression decreases when development is complete, hevin remains highly expressed, suggesting its involvement in adult brain function. In vitro studies have shown that hevin can have different post-translational modifications. However, the glycosylation pattern of hevin in the human brain remains unknown, as well as its relative distribution and localization. The present study provides the first thorough characterization of hevin protein expression by Western blot in postmortem adult human brain. Our results demonstrated two major specific immunoreactive bands for hevin: an intense band migrating around 130 kDa, and a band migrating around 100 kDa. Biochemical assays revealed that both hevin bands have a different glycosylation pattern. Subcellular fractionation showed greater expression in membrane-enriched fraction than in cytosolic preparation, and a higher expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to hippocampus (HIP), caudate nucleus (CAU) and cerebellum (CB). We confirmed that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) and matrixmetalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) proteases digestion led to an intense double band with similar molecular weight to that described as SPARC-like fragment (SLF). Finally, hevin immunoreactivity was also detected in human astrocytoma, meningioma, cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples, but was absent from any blood cell type.
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28
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Selvan N, Mehta N, Venkateswaran S, Brignol N, Graziano M, Sheikh MO, McAnany Y, Hung F, Madrid M, Krampetz R, Siano N, Mehta A, Brudvig J, Gotschall R, Weimer JM, Do HV. Endolysosomal N-glycan processing is critical to attain the most active form of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100769. [PMID: 33971197 PMCID: PMC8191302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is a lysosomal glycogen-catabolizing enzyme, the deficiency of which leads to Pompe disease. Pompe disease can be treated with systemic recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), but the current standard of care exhibits poor uptake in skeletal muscles, limiting its clinical efficacy. Furthermore, it is unclear how the specific cellular processing steps of GAA after delivery to lysosomes impact its efficacy. GAA undergoes both proteolytic cleavage and glycan trimming within the endolysosomal pathway, yielding an enzyme that is more efficient in hydrolyzing its natural substrate, glycogen. Here, we developed a tool kit of modified rhGAAs that allowed us to dissect the individual contributions of glycan trimming and proteolysis on maturation-associated increases in glycogen hydrolysis using in vitro and in cellulo enzyme processing, glycopeptide analysis by MS, and high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for enzyme kinetics. Chemical modifications of terminal sialic acids on N-glycans blocked sialidase activity in vitro and in cellulo, thereby preventing downstream glycan trimming without affecting proteolysis. This sialidase-resistant rhGAA displayed only partial activation after endolysosomal processing, as evidenced by reduced catalytic efficiency. We also generated enzymatically deglycosylated rhGAA that was shown to be partially activated despite not undergoing proteolytic processing. Taken together, these data suggest that an optimal rhGAA ERT would require both N-glycan and proteolytic processing to attain the most efficient enzyme for glycogen hydrolysis and treatment of Pompe disease. Future studies should examine the amenability of next-generation ERTs to both types of cellular processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Selvan
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nastry Brignol
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Graziano
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Osman Sheikh
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuliya McAnany
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Finn Hung
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Madrid
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renee Krampetz
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Siano
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anuj Mehta
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon Brudvig
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Russell Gotschall
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hung V Do
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Petrović T, Trbojević-Akmačić I. Lectin and Liquid Chromatography-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:29-72. [PMID: 34687007 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) glycosylation has been shown to dramatically affect its structure and effector functions. Ig glycosylation changes have been associated with different diseases and show a promising biomarker potential for diagnosis and prognosis of disease advancement. On the other hand, therapeutic biomolecules based on structural and functional features of Igs demand stringent quality control during the production process to ensure their safety and efficacy. Liquid chromatography (LC) and lectin-based methods are routinely used in Ig glycosylation analysis complementary to other analytical methods, e.g., mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. This chapter covers analytical approaches based on LC and lectins used in low- and high-throughput N- and O-glycosylation analysis of Igs, with the focus on immunoglobulin G (IgG) applications. General principles and practical examples of the most often used LC methods for Ig purification are described, together with typical workflows for N- and O-glycan analysis on the level of free glycans, glycopeptides, subunits, or intact Igs. Lectin chromatography is a historical approach for the analysis of lectin-carbohydrate interactions and glycoprotein purification but is still being used as a valuable tool in Igs purification and glycan analysis. On the other hand, lectin microarrays have found their application in the rapid screening of glycan profiles on intact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Petrović
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
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30
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Riley NM, Bertozzi CR, Pitteri SJ. A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100029. [PMID: 33583771 PMCID: PMC8724846 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a prevalent, yet heterogeneous modification with a broad range of implications in molecular biology. This heterogeneity precludes enrichment strategies that can be universally beneficial for all glycan classes. Thus, choice of enrichment strategy has profound implications on experimental outcomes. Here we review common enrichment strategies used in modern mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic experiments, including lectins and other affinity chromatographies, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and its derivatives, porous graphitic carbon, reversible and irreversible chemical coupling strategies, and chemical biology tools that often leverage bioorthogonal handles. Interest in glycoproteomics continues to surge as mass spectrometry instrumentation and software improve, so this review aims to help equip researchers with the necessary information to choose appropriate enrichment strategies that best complement these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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31
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Wang F, Moen DR, Sauni C, Kan SH, Li S, Le SQ, Lomenick B, Zhang X, Ekins S, Singamsetty S, Wood J, Dickson PI, Chou TF. Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID using Recombinant Human α- N-Acetylglucosamine-6-Sulfatase in Neonatal Mice. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:214-227. [PMID: 33320673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no cure or effective treatment available for mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (MPS IIID, Sanfilippo syndrome type D), a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by the deficiency of α-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (GNS). The clinical symptoms of MPS IIID, like other subtypes of Sanfilippo syndrome, are largely localized to the central nervous system (CNS), and any treatments aiming to ameliorate or reverse the catastrophic and fatal neurologic decline caused by this disease need to be delivered across the blood-brain barrier. Here, we report a proof-of-concept enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for MPS IIID using recombinant human α-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (rhGNS) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery in a neonatal MPS IIID mouse model. We overexpressed and purified rhGNS from CHO cells with a specific activity of 3.9 × 104 units/mg protein and a maximal enzymatic activity at lysosomal pH (pH 5.6), which was stable for over one month at 4 °C in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We demonstrated that rhGNS was taken up by MPS IIID patient fibroblasts via the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor and reduced intracellular glycosaminoglycans to normal levels. The delivery of 5 μg of rhGNS into the lateral cerebral ventricle of neonatal MPS IIID mice resulted in normalization of the enzymatic activity in brain tissues; rhGNS was found to be enriched in lysosomes in MPS IIID-treated mice relative to the control. Furthermore, a single dose of rhGNS was able to reduce the accumulated heparan sulfate and β-hexosaminidase. Our results demonstrate that rhGNS delivered into CSF is a potential therapeutic option for MPS IIID that is worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California 90502, United States.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Derek R Moen
- Phoenix Nest Inc., Brooklyn, New York 11232, United States
| | - Chelsee Sauni
- Phoenix Nest Inc., Brooklyn, New York 11232, United States
| | - Shih-Hsin Kan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California 90502, United States.,Research Administration, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, California 92868, United States
| | - Shan Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California 90502, United States.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Steven Q Le
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California 90502, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Brett Lomenick
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California 90502, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Phoenix Nest Inc., Brooklyn, New York 11232, United States
| | | | - Jill Wood
- Phoenix Nest Inc., Brooklyn, New York 11232, United States
| | - Patricia I Dickson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California 90502, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California 90502, United States.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.,Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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32
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Mohan HM, Yang B, Dean NA, Raghavan M. Calreticulin enhances the secretory trafficking of a misfolded α-1-antitrypsin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16754-16772. [PMID: 32978262 PMCID: PMC7864070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-antitrypsin (AAT) regulates the activity of multiple proteases in the lungs and liver. A mutant of AAT (E342K) called ATZ forms polymers that are present at only low levels in the serum and induce intracellular protein inclusions, causing lung emphysema and liver cirrhosis. An understanding of factors that can reduce the intracellular accumulation of ATZ is of great interest. We now show that calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycoprotein chaperone, promotes the secretory trafficking of ATZ, enhancing the media:cell ratio. This effect is more pronounced for ATZ than with AAT and is only partially dependent on the glycan-binding site of CRT, which is generally relevant to substrate recruitment and folding by CRT. The CRT-related chaperone calnexin does not enhance ATZ secretory trafficking, despite the higher cellular abundance of calnexin-ATZ complexes. CRT deficiency alters the distributions of ATZ-ER chaperone complexes, increasing ATZ-BiP binding and inclusion body formation and reducing ATZ interactions with components required for ER-Golgi trafficking, coincident with reduced levels of the protein transport protein Sec31A in CRT-deficient cells. These findings indicate a novel role for CRT in promoting the secretory trafficking of a protein that forms polymers and large intracellular inclusions. Inefficient secretory trafficking of ATZ in the absence of CRT is coincident with enhanced accumulation of ER-derived ATZ inclusion bodies. Further understanding of the factors that control the secretory trafficking of ATZ and their regulation by CRT could lead to new therapies for lung and liver diseases linked to AAT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harihar Milaganur Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Boning Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Nicole A Dean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 USA.
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33
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Procathepsin V Is Secreted in a TSH Regulated Manner from Human Thyroid Epithelial Cells and Is Accessible to an Activity-Based Probe. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239140. [PMID: 33266306 PMCID: PMC7731157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of cysteine cathepsins for the liberation of thyroid hormones from the precursor thyroglobulin was previously shown by in vivo and in vitro studies. Cathepsin L is most important for thyroglobulin processing in mice. The present study aims at specifying the possible contribution of its closest relative, cysteine cathepsin L2/V, to thyroid function. Immunofluorescence analysis on normal human thyroid tissue revealed its predominant localization at the apical plasma membrane of thyrocytes and within the follicle lumen, indicating the secretion of cathepsin V and extracellular tasks rather than its acting within endo-lysosomes. To explore the trafficking pathways of cathepsin V in more detail, a chimeric protein consisting of human cathepsin V tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was stably expressed in the Nthy-ori 3-1 thyroid epithelial cell line. Colocalization studies with compartment-specific markers and analyses of post-translational modifications revealed that the chimeric protein was sorted into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently transported to the Golgi apparatus, while being N-glycosylated. Immunoblotting showed that the chimeric protein reached endo-lysosomes and it became secreted from the transduced cells. Astonishingly, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-induced secretion of GFP-tagged cathepsin V occurred as the proform, suggesting that TSH upregulates its transport to the plasma membrane before it reaches endo-lysosomes for maturation. The proform of cathepsin V was found to be reactive with the activity-based probe DCG-04, suggesting that it possesses catalytic activity. We propose that TSH-stimulated secretion of procathepsin V is the default pathway in the thyroid to enable its contribution to thyroglobulin processing by extracellular means.
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34
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Stachowski TR, Snell ME, Snell EH. SAXS studies of X-ray induced disulfide bond damage: Engineering high-resolution insight from a low-resolution technique. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239702. [PMID: 33201877 PMCID: PMC7671560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant problem in biological X-ray crystallography is the radiation chemistry caused by the incident X-ray beam. This produces both global and site-specific damage. Site specific damage can misdirect the biological interpretation of the structural models produced. Cryo-cooling crystals has been successful in mitigating damage but not eliminating it altogether; however, cryo-cooling can be difficult in some cases and has also been shown to limit functionally relevant protein conformations. The doses used for X-ray crystallography are typically in the kilo-gray to mega-gray range. While disulfide bonds are among the most significantly affected species in proteins in the crystalline state at both cryogenic and higher temperatures, there is limited information on their response to low X-ray doses in solution, the details of which might inform biomedical applications of X-rays. In this work we engineered a protein that dimerizes through a susceptible disulfide bond to relate the radiation damage processes seen in cryo-cooled crystals to those closer to physiologic conditions. This approach enables a low-resolution technique, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), to detect and monitor a residue specific process. A dose dependent fragmentation of the engineered protein was seen that can be explained by a dimer to monomer transition through disulfide bond cleavage. This supports the crystallographically derived mechanism and demonstrates that results obtained crystallographically can be usefully extrapolated to physiologic conditions. Fragmentation was influenced by pH and the conformation of the dimer, providing information on mechanism and pointing to future routes for investigation and potential mitigation. The novel engineered protein approach to generate a large-scale change through a site-specific interaction represents a promising tool for advancing radiation damage studies under solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Stachowski
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Snell
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward H. Snell
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, State University at New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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35
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A versatile soluble siglec scaffold for sensitive and quantitative detection of glycan ligands. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5091. [PMID: 33037195 PMCID: PMC7547722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are immunomodulatory receptors that are regulated by their glycan ligands. The connections between Siglecs and human disease motivate improved methods to detect Siglec ligands. Here, we describe a new versatile set of Siglec-Fc proteins for glycan ligand detection. Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity are enabled through multimerization and avoiding Fc receptors, respectively. Using these Siglec-Fc proteins, Siglec ligands are systematically profiled on healthy and cancerous cells and tissues, revealing many unique patterns. Additional features enable the production of small, homogenous Siglec fragments and development of a quantitative ligand-binding mass spectrometry assay. Using this assay, the ligand specificities of several Siglecs are clarified. For CD33 (Siglec-3), we demonstrate that it recognizes both α2-3 and α2-6 sialosides in solution and on cells, which has implications for its link to Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility. These soluble Siglecs reveal the abundance of their glycan ligands on host cells as self-associated molecular patterns. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immunomodulatory receptors expressed on cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Here the authors demonstrate an approach for the identification of the glycan ligands of Siglecs, which is also applicable to other families of glycan-binding proteins.
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36
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Peri-Naor R, Pode Z, Lahav-Mankovski N, Rabinkov A, Motiei L, Margulies D. Glycoform Differentiation by a Targeted, Self-Assembled, Pattern-Generating Protein Surface Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15790-15798. [PMID: 32786755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A method for generating targeted, pattern-generating, protein surface sensors via the self-assembly of modified oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) is described. The simplicity by which these systems can be created enabled the development of a sensor that can straightforwardly discriminate between distinct glycoform populations. By using this sensor to identify glycosylation states of a therapeutic protein, we demonstrate the diagnostic potential of this approach as well as the feasibility of integrating a wealth of supramolecular receptors and sensors into higher-order molecular analytical devices with advanced properties. For example, the facile device integration was used to attach the well-known anthracene-boronic acid (An-BA) probe to a biomimetic DNA scaffold and consequently, to use the unique photophysical properties of An-BA to improve glycoform differentiation. In addition, the noncovalent assembly enabled us to modify the sensor with a trinitrilotriacetic acid (tri-NTA)-Ni2+ complex, which endows it with selectivity toward a hexa-histidine tag (His-tag). The selective responses of the system to diverse His-tag-labeled proteins further demonstrate the potential applicability of such sensors and validate the mechanism underlying their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Peri-Naor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zohar Pode
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Naama Lahav-Mankovski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Aharon Rabinkov
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Leila Motiei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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37
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Galeone A, Adams JM, Matsuda S, Presa MF, Pandey A, Han SY, Tachida Y, Hirayama H, Vaccari T, Suzuki T, Lutz CM, Affolter M, Zuberi A, Jafar-Nejad H. Regulation of BMP4/Dpp retrotranslocation and signaling by deglycosylation. eLife 2020; 9:e55596. [PMID: 32720893 PMCID: PMC7394544 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), the cytoplasmic enzyme N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) is proposed to remove N-glycans from misfolded N-glycoproteins after their retrotranslocation from the ER to the cytosol. We previously reported that NGLY1 regulates Drosophila BMP signaling in a tissue-specific manner (Galeone et al., 2017). Here, we establish the Drosophila Dpp and its mouse ortholog BMP4 as biologically relevant targets of NGLY1 and find, unexpectedly, that NGLY1-mediated deglycosylation of misfolded BMP4 is required for its retrotranslocation. Accumulation of misfolded BMP4 in the ER results in ER stress and prompts the ER recruitment of NGLY1. The ER-associated NGLY1 then deglycosylates misfolded BMP4 molecules to promote their retrotranslocation and proteasomal degradation, thereby allowing properly-folded BMP4 molecules to proceed through the secretory pathway and activate signaling in other cells. Our study redefines the role of NGLY1 during ERAD and suggests that impaired BMP4 signaling might underlie some of the NGLY1 deficiency patient phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Galeone
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Joshua M Adams
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | | | | | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Seung Yeop Han
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yuriko Tachida
- Glycometabolome Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
- T-CiRA joint programKanagawaJapan
| | - Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolome Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
- T-CiRA joint programKanagawaJapan
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolome Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering ResearchSaitamaJapan
- T-CiRA joint programKanagawaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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38
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Findeisen K, Morticelli L, Goecke T, Kolbeck L, Ramm R, Höffler HK, Brandes G, Korossis S, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. Toward acellular xenogeneic heart valve prostheses: Histological and biomechanical characterization of decellularized and enzymatically deglycosylated porcine pulmonary heart valve matrices. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12617. [PMID: 32557876 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of decellularized xenogeneic heart valves might offer a solution to overcome the issue of human valve shortage. The aim of this study was to revise decellularization protocols in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation, in order to reduce the immunogenicity of porcine pulmonary heart valves, in means of cells, carbohydrates, and, primarily, Galα1-3Gal (α-Gal) epitope removal. In particular, the valves were decellularized with sodium dodecylsulfate/sodium deoxycholate (SDS/SD), Triton X-100 + SDS (Tx + SDS), or Trypsin + Triton X-100 (Tryp + Tx) followed by enzymatic digestion with PNGaseF, Endoglycosidase H, or O-glycosidase combined with Neuraminidase. Results showed that decellularization alone reduced carbohydrate structures only to a limited extent, and it did not result in an α-Gal free scaffold. Nevertheless, decellularization with Tryp + Tx represented the most effective decellularization protocol in means of carbohydrates reduction. Overall, carbohydrates and α-Gal removal could strongly be improved by applying PNGaseF, in particular in combination with Tryp + Tx treatment, contrary to Endoglycosidase H and O-glycosidase treatments. Furthermore, decellularization with PNGaseF did not affect biomechanical stability, in comparison with decellularization alone, as shown by burst pressure and uniaxial tensile tests. In conclusion, valves decellularized with Tryp + Tx and PNGaseF resulted in prostheses with potentially reduced immunogenicity and maintained mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Findeisen
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Morticelli
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Goecke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Louisa Kolbeck
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Ramm
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Klaus Höffler
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sotirios Korossis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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39
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Bhattarai JK, Neupane D, Maruf MHU, Demchenko AV, Stine KJ. Recent Advances in the Application of Glycan-Modified Self-Assembled Monolayers. ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 2020; 60:95-119. [PMID: 33224429 PMCID: PMC7673301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycans have many important roles in human health and disease in processes such as infection, fertilization, cellular development, cellular adhesion, cancer metastasis and immune system response. The presentation of glycan structures on surfaces for screening of their interaction with protein binding partners, interactions with individual cells, and development of bioassays is an actively developing field. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of glycan terminated alkanethiols on gold have found application in many of these areas. Additionally, more complex structures such as glycan modified polymers on gold surfaces have provided new routes for multivalent glycan presentation. Glycans have also been conjugated to monolayers formed on other useful substrates such as glass or silicon wafers. SAMs have been formed both by direct immobilization of glycan terminated alkanethiols and by conjugation of glycans to pre-formed SAMs with reactive terminal groups. The structure of the SAMs has been characterized using a range of methods including surface spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and electrochemical methods. The binding of proteins to these SAMs has been followed using methods including surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical techniques such as impedance spectroscopy. In this chapter, we will seek to review the recent literature concerning SAMs containing terminal glycans, with a focus on their biomolecular interactions. The applications of these glycan-modified SAMs to the screening and study of protein and cellular binding and to biosensor and assay development will be reviewed.
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40
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Kim H, Kwon KW, Park J, Kang H, Lee Y, Sohn EJ, Hwang I, Eum SY, Shin SJ. Plant-Produced N-glycosylated Ag85A Exhibits Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 Through Balanced Multifunctional Th1 T Cell Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020189. [PMID: 32325740 PMCID: PMC7349862 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). An effective vaccine to prevent TB is considered the most cost-effective measure for controlling this disease. Many different vaccine antigen (Ag) candidates, including well-known and newly identified Ags, have been evaluated in clinical and preclinical studies. In this study, we took advantage of a plant system of protein expression using Nicotiana benthamiana to produce N-glycosylated antigen 85A (G-Ag85A), which is one of the most well-characterized vaccine Ag candidates in the field of TB vaccines, and compared its immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy with those of nonglycosylated Ag85A (NG-Ag85A) produced with an Escherichia coli system. Notably, G-Ag85A induced a more robust IFN-γ response than NG-Ag85A, which indicated that G-Ag85A is well recognized by the host immune system during Mtb infection. We subsequently compared the vaccine potential of G-Ag85A and NG-Ag85A by evaluating their immunological features and substantial protection efficacies. Interestingly, G-Ag85A yielded moderately enhanced long-term protective efficacy, as measured in terms of bacterial burden and lung inflammation. Strikingly, G-Ag85A-immunized mice showed a more balanced proportion of multifunctional Th1-biased immune responses with sustained IFN-γ response than did NG-Ag85A-immunized mice. Collectively, plant-derived G-Ag85A could induce protective and balanced Th1 responses and confer long-term protection against a hypervirulent Mtb Beijing strain infection, which indicated that plant-produced G-Ag85A might provide an excellent example for the production of an Mtb subunit vaccine Ag and could be an effective platform for the development of anti-TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.K.); (K.W.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.K.); (K.W.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Jaehun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.K.); (K.W.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Hyangju Kang
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang 37668, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.L.); (E.-J.S.)
| | - Yongjik Lee
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang 37668, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.L.); (E.-J.S.)
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang 37668, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.L.); (E.-J.S.)
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Seok-Yong Eum
- Division of Immunopathology and Cellular Immunology, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon 51755, Korea;
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.K.); (K.W.K.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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41
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de Haas P, Hendriks WJAJ, Lefeber DJ, Cambi A. Biological and Technical Challenges in Unraveling the Role of N-Glycans in Immune Receptor Regulation. Front Chem 2020; 8:55. [PMID: 32117881 PMCID: PMC7013033 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation of membrane receptors is important for a wide variety of cellular processes. In the immune system, loss or alteration of receptor glycosylation can affect pathogen recognition, cell-cell interaction, and activation as well as migration. This is not only due to aberrant folding of the receptor, but also to altered lateral mobility or aggregation capacity. Despite increasing evidence of their biological relevance, glycosylation-dependent mechanisms of receptor regulation are hard to dissect at the molecular level. This is due to the intrinsic complexity of the glycosylation process and high diversity of glycan structures combined with the technical limitations of the current experimental tools. It is still challenging to precisely determine the localization and site-occupancy of glycosylation sites, glycan micro- and macro-heterogeneity at the individual receptor level as well as the biological function and specific interactome of receptor glycoforms. In addition, the tools available to manipulate N-glycans of a specific receptor are limited. Significant progress has however been made thanks to innovative approaches such as glycoproteomics, metabolic engineering, or chemoenzymatic labeling. By discussing examples of immune receptors involved in pathogen recognition, migration, antigen presentation, and cell signaling, this Mini Review will focus on the biological importance of N-glycosylation for receptor functions and highlight the technical challenges for examination and manipulation of receptor N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Haas
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wiljan J A J Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Salazar ML, Jiménez JM, Villar J, Rivera M, Báez M, Manubens A, Becker MI. N-Glycosylation of mollusk hemocyanins contributes to their structural stability and immunomodulatory properties in mammals. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19546-19564. [PMID: 31719148 PMCID: PMC6926458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanins are widely used as carriers, adjuvants, and nonspecific immunostimulants in cancer because they promote Th1 immunity in mammals. Hemocyanins also interact with glycan-recognizing innate immune receptors on antigen-presenting cells, such as the C-type lectin immune receptors mannose receptor (MR), macrophage galactose lectin (MGL), and the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), stimulating proinflammatory cytokine secretion. However, the role of N-linked oligosaccharides on the structural and immunological properties of hemocyanin is unclear. Mollusk hemocyanins, such as Concholepas concholepas (CCH), Fissurella latimarginata (FLH), and Megathura crenulata (KLH), are oligomeric glycoproteins with complex dodecameric quaternary structures and heterogeneous glycosylation patterns, primarily consisting of mannose-rich N-glycans. Here, we report that enzyme-catalyzed N-deglycosylation of CCH, FLH, and KLH disrupts their quaternary structure and impairs their immunogenic effects. Biochemical analyses revealed that the deglycosylation does not change hemocyanin secondary structure but alters their refolding mechanism and dodecameric structure. Immunochemical analyses indicated decreased binding of N-deglycosylated hemocyanins to the MR and MGL receptors and TLR4 and reduced endocytosis concomitant with an impaired production of tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukins 6 and 12 (IL-6 and IL-12p40, respectively) in macrophages. Evaluating the function of N-deglycosylated hemocyanins in the humoral immune response and their nonspecific antitumor effects in the B16F10 melanoma model, we found that compared with native hemocyanins N-deglycosylated hemocyanins elicited reduced antibody titers, as well as partially diminished antitumor effects and altered carrier activities. In conclusion, the glycan content of hemocyanins is, among other structural characteristics, critically required for their immunological activities and should be considered in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750269, Chile
| | - José M Jiménez
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750269, Chile
| | - Javiera Villar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750269, Chile
| | - Maira Rivera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Mauricio Báez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Augusto Manubens
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Biosonda Corp., Santiago 7750269, Chile
| | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750269, Chile .,Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Biosonda Corp., Santiago 7750269, Chile
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Cortada E, Brugada R, Verges M. N-Glycosylation of the voltage-gated sodium channel β2 subunit is required for efficient trafficking of Na V1.5/β2 to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16123-16140. [PMID: 31511323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel is critical for cardiomyocyte function and consists of a protein complex comprising a pore-forming α subunit and two associated β subunits. It has been shown previously that the associated β2 subunits promote cell surface expression of the α subunit. The major α isoform in the adult human heart is NaV1.5, and germline mutations in the NaV1.5-encoding gene, sodium voltage-gated channel α subunit 5 (SCN5A), often cause inherited arrhythmias. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that regulate β2 trafficking and how they may determine proper NaV1.5 cell surface localization. Using heterologous expression in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we show that β2 is N-glycosylated in vivo and in vitro at residues 42, 66, and 74, becoming sialylated only at Asn-42. We found that fully nonglycosylated β2 was mostly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that N-linked glycosylation is required for efficient β2 trafficking to the apical plasma membrane. The nonglycosylated variant reached the cell surface by bypassing the Golgi compartment at a rate of only approximately one-third of that of WT β2. YFP-tagged, nonglycosylated β2 displayed mobility kinetics in the plane of the membrane similar to that of WT β2. However, it was defective in promoting surface localization of NaV1.5. Interestingly, β2 with a single intact glycosylation site was as effective as the WT in promoting NaV1.5 surface localization. In conclusion, our results indicate that N-linked glycosylation of β2 is required for surface localization of NaV1.5, a property that is often defective in inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cortada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Group-Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Group-Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain.,Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/nγÇôEdifici IDIBGI, 17190 SaltγÇôProv. Girona, Spain
| | - Marcel Verges
- Cardiovascular Genetics Group-Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain .,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain.,Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona Medical School, C/ Doctor Castany, s/n-Edifici IDIBGI, 17190 Salt-Prov. Girona, Spain
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44
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Lopez-Font I, Boix CP, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Sáez-Valero J. Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid BACE1 Species. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8603-8616. [PMID: 31290061 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the main brain β-secretase responsible for the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Previous studies have suggested that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-secretase activity may be a candidate diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but biochemical characterization of BACE1 protein in CSF is needed. CSF samples from 19 AD patients and 19 age-matched non-AD controls (n = 19) were classified according to their Aβ42, total tau, and P-tau CSF biomarker levels. We found that β-secretase activity was higher in the CSF of AD subjects than in that of the controls. We found that the majority of the β-secretase activity in the CSF, measured using a peptide substrate homologous to the BACE1 cleavage site, was not inhibited by specific BACE1 inhibitors. We defined enzymatic activity attributable specifically to BACE1 as the activity that was blocked by the specific inhibitors, which is still higher in AD subjects. BACE1 protein levels were characterized by lectin binding, immunoprecipitation, blue native-PAGE, and western blotting using antibodies against specific protein domains. BACE1 was found to be present in human CSF as a mature form of ~ 70 kDa that probably comprised truncated and full-length species, and also as an immature form of ~ 50 kDa that retains the prodomain. CSF-BACE1 was found to assemble into hetero-complexes containing distinct species. Immunoblotting with an antibody against the C-terminus of BACE1 revealed significantly higher levels of the 70-kDa full-length BACE1, while the 50 kDa immature form remained unaltered. When the 70-kDa species was probed with an antibody against the N-terminus of BACE1 (which does not discriminate between truncated and full-length forms), no increase in immunoreactivity was observed, suggesting that truncated forms of BACE1 do not increase in AD. In conclusion, the complexity of BACE1 species in CSF has to be taken into consideration when determining BACE1 activity and protein levels in CSF as biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Lopez-Font
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
| | - Claudia P Boix
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
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45
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Fauster A, Rebsamen M, Willmann KL, César-Razquin A, Girardi E, Bigenzahn JW, Schischlik F, Scorzoni S, Bruckner M, Konecka J, Hörmann K, Heinz LX, Boztug K, Superti-Furga G. Systematic genetic mapping of necroptosis identifies SLC39A7 as modulator of death receptor trafficking. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1138-1155. [PMID: 30237509 PMCID: PMC6748104 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell and tissue homeostasis by programmed cell death is a fundamental process with wide physiological and pathological implications. The advent of scalable somatic cell genetic technologies creates the opportunity to functionally map such essential pathways, thereby identifying potential disease-relevant components. We investigated the genetic basis underlying necroptotic cell death by performing a complementary set of loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic screens. To this end, we established FADD-deficient haploid human KBM7 cells, which specifically and efficiently undergo necroptosis after a single treatment with either TNFα or the SMAC mimetic compound birinapant. A series of unbiased gene-trap screens identified key signaling mediators, such as TNFR1, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. Among the novel components, we focused on the zinc transporter SLC39A7, whose knock-out led to necroptosis resistance by affecting TNF receptor surface levels. Orthogonal, solute carrier (SLC)-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens revealed the exquisite specificity of SLC39A7, among ~400 SLC genes, for TNFR1-mediated and FAS-mediated but not TRAIL-R1-mediated responses. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of SLC39A7 resulted in augmented ER stress and impaired receptor trafficking, thereby globally affecting downstream signaling. The newly established cellular model also allowed genome-wide gain-of-function screening for genes conferring resistance to necroptosis via the CRISPR/Cas9-based synergistic activation mediator approach. Among these, we found cIAP1 and cIAP2, and characterized the role of TNIP1, which prevented pathway activation in a ubiquitin-binding dependent manner. Altogether, the gain-of-function and loss-of-function screens described here provide a global genetic chart of the molecular factors involved in necroptosis and death receptor signaling, prompting further investigation of their individual contribution and potential role in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Fauster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuele Rebsamen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina L Willmann
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrian César-Razquin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrico Girardi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes W Bigenzahn
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fiorella Schischlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefania Scorzoni
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Bruckner
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Justyna Konecka
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Hörmann
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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46
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Egg-based influenza split virus vaccine with monoglycosylation induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4200-4205. [PMID: 30782805 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819197116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year influenza virus infections cause hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide and a significant level of morbidity with major economic burden. At the present time, vaccination with inactivated virus vaccine produced from embryonated chicken eggs is the most prevalent method to prevent the infections. However, current influenza vaccines are only effective against closely matched circulating strains and must be updated and administered yearly. Therefore, generating a vaccine that can provide broad protection is greatly needed for influenza vaccine development. We have previously shown that vaccination of the major surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus with a single N-acetylglucosamine at each of the N-glycosylation sites [monoglycosylated HA (HAmg)] can elicit better cross-protection compared with the fully glycosylated HA (HAfg). In the current study, we produced monoglycosylated inactivated split H1N1 virus vaccine from chicken eggs by the N-glycosylation process inhibitor kifunensine and the endoglycosidase Endo H, and intramuscularly immunized mice to examine its efficacy. Compared with vaccination of the traditional influenza vaccine with complex glycosylations from eggs, the monoglycosylated split virus vaccine provided better cross-strain protection against a lethal dose of virus challenge in mice. The enhanced antibody responses induced by the monoglycosylated vaccine immunization include higher neutralization activity, higher hemagglutination inhibition, and more HA stem selectivity, as well as, interestingly, higher antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This study provides a simple and practical procedure to enhance the cross-strain protection of influenza vaccine by removing the outer part of glycans from the virus surface through modifications of the current egg-based process.
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Borst AJ, Weidle CE, Gray MD, Frenz B, Snijder J, Joyce MG, Georgiev IS, Stewart-Jones GBE, Kwong PD, McGuire AT, DiMaio F, Stamatatos L, Pancera M, Veesler D. Germline VRC01 antibody recognition of a modified clade C HIV-1 envelope trimer and a glycosylated HIV-1 gp120 core. eLife 2018; 7:e37688. [PMID: 30403372 PMCID: PMC6237438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
VRC01 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) target the CD4-binding site (CD4BS) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env). Unlike mature antibodies, corresponding VRC01 germline precursors poorly bind to Env. Immunogen design has mostly relied on glycan removal from trimeric Env constructs and has had limited success in eliciting mature VRC01 bnAbs. To better understand elicitation of such bnAbs, we characterized the inferred germline precursor of VRC01 in complex with a modified trimeric 426c Env by cryo-electron microscopy and a 426c gp120 core by X-ray crystallography, biolayer interferometry, immunoprecipitation, and glycoproteomics. Our results show VRC01 germline antibodies interacted with a wild-type 426c core lacking variable loops 1-3 in the presence and absence of a glycan at position Asn276, with the latter form binding with higher affinity than the former. Interactions in the presence of an Asn276 oligosaccharide could be enhanced upon carbohydrate shortening, which should be considered for immunogen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Borst
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Connor E Weidle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Matthew D Gray
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Brandon Frenz
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Joost Snijder
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Guillaume BE Stewart-Jones
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Vaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - David Veesler
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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48
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Ma J, Sanda M, Wei R, Zhang L, Goldman R. Quantitative analysis of core fucosylation of serum proteins in liver diseases by LC-MS-MRM. J Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29427759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.1002.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant core fucosylation of proteins has been linked to liver diseases. In this study, we carried out multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) quantification of core fucosylated N-glycopeptides of serum proteins partially deglycosylated by a combination of endoglycosidases (endoF1, endoF2, and endoF3). To minimize variability associated with the preparatory steps, the analysis was performed without enrichment of glycopeptides or fractionation of serum besides the nanoRP chromatography. Specifically, we quantified core fucosylation of 22 N-glycopeptides derived from 17 proteins together with protein abundance of these glycoproteins in a cohort of 45 participants (15 disease-free control, 15 fibrosis and 15 cirrhosis patients) using a multiplex nanoUPLC-MS-MRM workflow. We find increased core fucosylation of 5 glycopeptides at the stage of liver fibrosis (i.e., N630 of serotransferrin, N107 of alpha-1-antitrypsin, N253 of plasma protease C1 inhibitor, N397 of ceruloplasmin, and N86 of vitronectin), increase of additional 6 glycopeptides at the stage of cirrhosis (i.e., N138 and N762 of ceruloplasmin, N354 of clusterin, N187 of hemopexin, N71 of immunoglobulin J chain, and N127 of lumican), while the degree of core fucosylation of 10 glycopeptides did not change. Interestingly, although we observe an increase in the core fucosylation at N86 of vitronectin in liver fibrosis, core fucosylation decreases on the N169 glycopeptide of the same protein. Our results demonstrate that the changes in core fucosylation are protein and site specific during the progression of fibrotic liver disease and independent of the changes in the quantity of N-glycoproteins. It is expected that the fully optimized multiplex LC-MS-MRM assay of core fucosylated glycopeptides will be useful for the serologic assessment of the fibrosis of liver. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: We have quantified the difference in core fucosylation among three comparison groups (healthy control, fibrosis and cirrhosis patients) using a sensitive and selective LC-MS-MRM method. Despite an overall increase in core fucosylation of many of the glycoproteins that we examined, core fucosylation changed in a protein- and site-specific manner. Moreover, increased and decreased fucosylation was observed on different N-glycopeptides of the same protein. Altered core fucosylation of N-glycopeptides might be used as an alternative serologic assay for the evaluation of fibrotic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Miloslav Sanda
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Renhuizi Wei
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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49
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Moure MJ, Eletsky A, Gao Q, Morris LC, Yang JY, Chapla D, Zhao Y, Zong C, Amster IJ, Moremen KW, Boons GJ, Prestegard JH. Paramagnetic Tag for Glycosylation Sites in Glycoproteins: Structural Constraints on Heparan Sulfate Binding to Robo1. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2560-2567. [PMID: 30063822 PMCID: PMC6161356 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme- and click chemistry-mediated methodology for the site-specific nitroxide spin labeling of glycoproteins has been developed and applied. The procedure relies on the presence of single N-glycosylation sites that are present natively in proteins or that can be engineered into glycoproteins by mutational elimination of all but one glycosylation site. Recombinantly expressing glycoproteins in HEK293S (GnT1-) cells results in N-glycans with high-mannose structures that can be processed to leave a single GlcNAc residue. This can in turn be modified by enzymatic addition of a GalNAz residue that is subject to reaction with an alkyne-carrying TEMPO moiety using copper(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. To illustrate the procedure, we have made an application to a two-domain construct of Robo1, a protein that carries a single N-glycosylation site in its N-terminal domains. The construct has also been labeled with 15N at amide nitrogens of lysine residues to provide a set of sites that are used to derive an effective location of the paramagnetic nitroxide moiety of the TEMPO group. This, in turn, allowed measurements of paramagnetic perturbations to the spectra of a new high affinity heparan sulfate ligand. Calculation of distance constraints from these data facilitated determination of an atomic level model for the docked complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Moure
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alexander Eletsky
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Qi Gao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Laura C. Morris
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yuejie Zhao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chengli Zong
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - I. Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - James H. Prestegard
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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50
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Krokowski D, Guan BJ, Wu J, Zheng Y, Pattabiraman PP, Jobava R, Gao XH, Di XJ, Snider MD, Mu TW, Liu S, Storrie B, Pearlman E, Blumental-Perry A, Hatzoglou M. GADD34 Function in Protein Trafficking Promotes Adaptation to Hyperosmotic Stress in Human Corneal Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2895-2910. [PMID: 29212034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GADD34, a stress-induced regulatory subunit of the phosphatase PP1, is known to function in hyperosmotic stress through its well-known role in the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Adaptation to hyperosmotic stress is important for the health of corneal epithelial cells exposed to changes in extracellular osmolarity, with maladaptation leading to dry eye syndrome. This adaptation includes induction of SNAT2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-processed protein, which helps to reverse the stress-induced loss of cell volume and promote homeostasis through amino acid uptake. Here, we show that GADD34 promotes the processing of proteins synthesized on the ER during hyperosmotic stress independent of its action in the ISR. We show that GADD34/PP1 phosphatase activity reverses hyperosmotic-stress-induced Golgi fragmentation and is important for cis- to trans-Golgi trafficking of SNAT2, thereby promoting SNAT2 plasma membrane localization and function. These results suggest that GADD34 is a protective molecule for ocular diseases such as dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yuke Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Padmanabhan P Pattabiraman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Di
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Martin D Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anna Blumental-Perry
- Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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