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Nakayama H, Miyazaki T, Abe M, Yamazaki M, Kawamura Y, Choo M, Konno K, Kawata S, Uesaka N, Hashimoto K, Miyata M, Sakimura K, Watanabe M, Kano M. Direct and indirect pathways for heterosynaptic interaction underlying developmental synapse elimination in the mouse cerebellum. Commun Biol 2024; 7:806. [PMID: 38961250 PMCID: PMC11222442 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental synapse elimination is crucial for shaping mature neural circuits. In the neonatal mouse cerebellum, Purkinje cells (PCs) receive excitatory synaptic inputs from multiple climbing fibers (CFs) and synapses from all but one CF are eliminated by around postnatal day 20. Heterosynaptic interaction between CFs and parallel fibers (PFs), the axons of cerebellar granule cells (GCs) forming excitatory synapses onto PCs and molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), is crucial for CF synapse elimination. However, mechanisms for this heterosynaptic interaction are largely unknown. Here we show that deletion of AMPA-type glutamate receptor functions in GCs impairs CF synapse elimination mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) signaling in PCs. Furthermore, CF synapse elimination is impaired by deleting NMDA-type glutamate receptors from MLIs. We propose that PF activity is crucial for CF synapse elimination by directly activating mGlu1 in PCs and indirectly enhancing the inhibition of PCs through activating NMDA receptors in MLIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Nakayama
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kawamura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Myeongjeong Choo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kawata
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naofumi Uesaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan.
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (ACRO), Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tsuzuki A, Yamasaki M, Konno K, Miyazaki T, Takei N, Tomita S, Yuzaki M, Watanabe M. Abundant extrasynaptic expression of α3β4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus pathway in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14193. [PMID: 38902419 PMCID: PMC11189931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the medial habenula (MHb)-interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) pathway play critical roles in nicotine-related behaviors. This pathway is particularly enriched in nAChR α3 and β4 subunits, both of which are genetically linked to nicotine dependence. However, the cellular and subcellular expression of endogenous α3β4-containing nAChRs remains largely unknown because specific antibodies and appropriate detection methods were unavailable. Here, we successfully uncovered the expression of endogenous nAChRs containing α3 and β4 subunits in the MHb-IPN pathway using novel specific antibodies and a fixative glyoxal that enables simultaneous detection of synaptic and extrasynaptic molecules. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that both subunits were predominantly localized to the extrasynaptic cell surface of somatodendritic and axonal compartments of MHb neurons but not at their synaptic junctions. Immunolabeling for α3 and β4 subunits disappeared in α5β4-knockout brains, which we used as negative controls. The enriched and diffuse extrasynaptic expression along the MHb-IPN pathway suggests that α3β4-containing nAChRs may enhance the excitability of MHb neurons and neurotransmitter release from their presynaptic terminals in the IPN. The revealed distribution pattern provides a molecular and anatomical basis for understanding the functional role of α3β4-containing nAChRs in the crucial pathway of nicotine dependence.
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Grants
- 17KK0160 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K06746 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K06784 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H05628 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H05628 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Tsuzuki
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norio Takei
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Micheva KD, Gong B, Collman F, Weinberg RJ, Smith SJ, Trimmer JS, Murray KD. Developing a Toolbox of Antibodies Validated for Array Tomography-Based Imaging of Brain Synapses. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0290-23.2023. [PMID: 37945352 PMCID: PMC10748464 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0290-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody (Ab)-based imaging techniques rely on reagents whose performance may be application specific. Because commercial antibodies are validated for only a few purposes, users interested in other applications may have to perform extensive in-house antibody testing. Here, we present a novel application-specific proxy screening step to efficiently identify candidate antibodies for array tomography (AT), a serial section volume microscopy technique for high-dimensional quantitative analysis of the cellular proteome. To identify antibodies suitable for AT-based analysis of synapses in mammalian brain, we introduce a heterologous cell-based assay that simulates characteristic features of AT, such as chemical fixation and resin embedding that are likely to influence antibody binding. The assay was included into an initial screening strategy to generate monoclonal antibodies that can be used for AT. This approach simplifies the screening of candidate antibodies and has high predictive value for identifying antibodies suitable for AT analyses. In addition, we have created a comprehensive database of AT-validated antibodies with a neuroscience focus and show that these antibodies have a high likelihood of success for postembedding applications in general, including immunogold electron microscopy. The generation of a large and growing toolbox of AT-compatible antibodies will further enhance the value of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D Micheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, 95618, CA
| | | | - Richard J Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27514, NC
| | | | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, 95618, CA
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, 95618, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, 95618, CA
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Micheva KD, Gong B, Collman F, Weinberg RJ, Smith SJ, Trimmer JS, Murray KD. Developing a Toolbox of Antibodies Validated for Array Tomography-Based Imaging of Brain Synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546920. [PMID: 37425759 PMCID: PMC10327040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based imaging techniques rely on reagents whose performance may be application-specific. Because commercial antibodies are validated for only a few purposes, users interested in other applications may have to perform extensive in-house antibody testing. Here we present a novel application-specific proxy screening step to efficiently identify candidate antibodies for array tomography (AT), a serial section volume microscopy technique for high-dimensional quantitative analysis of the cellular proteome. To identify antibodies suitable for AT-based analysis of synapses in mammalian brain, we introduce a heterologous cell-based assay that simulates characteristic features of AT, such as chemical fixation and resin embedding that are likely to influence antibody binding. The assay was included into an initial screening strategy to generate monoclonal antibodies that can be used for AT. This approach simplifies the screening of candidate antibodies and has high predictive value for identifying antibodies suitable for AT analyses. In addition, we have created a comprehensive database of AT-validated antibodies with a neuroscience focus and show that these antibodies have a high likelihood of success for postembedding applications in general, including immunogold electron microscopy. The generation of a large and growing toolbox of AT-compatible antibodies will further enhance the value of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D. Micheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | | | - Richard J. Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - James S. Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Karl D. Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
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Terada N, Saitoh Y, Saito M, Yamada T, Kamijo A, Yoshizawa T, Sakamoto T. Recent Progress on Genetically Modified Animal Models for Membrane Skeletal Proteins: The 4.1 and MPP Families. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1942. [PMID: 37895291 PMCID: PMC10606877 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein 4.1 and membrane palmitoylated protein (MPP) families were originally found as components in the erythrocyte membrane skeletal protein complex, which helps maintain the stability of erythrocyte membranes by linking intramembranous proteins and meshwork structures composed of actin and spectrin under the membranes. Recently, it has been recognized that cells and tissues ubiquitously use this membrane skeletal system. Various intramembranous proteins, including adhesion molecules, ion channels, and receptors, have been shown to interact with the 4.1 and MPP families, regulating cellular and tissue dynamics by binding to intracellular signal transduction proteins. In this review, we focus on our previous studies regarding genetically modified animal models, especially on 4.1G, MPP6, and MPP2, to describe their functional roles in the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system, the testis, and bone formation. As the membrane skeletal proteins are located at sites that receive signals from outside the cell and transduce signals inside the cell, it is necessary to elucidate their molecular interrelationships, which may broaden the understanding of cell and tissue functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Terada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
| | - Masaki Saito
- School of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan;
| | - Tomoki Yamada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akio Kamijo
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Basic & Clinical Medicine, Nagano College of Nursing, Komagane City, Nagano 399-4117, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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Konno K, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki T, Watanabe M. Glyoxal fixation: An approach to solve immunohistochemical problem in neuroscience research. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7084. [PMID: 37450597 PMCID: PMC10348680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The gold-standard fixative for immunohistochemistry is 4% formaldehyde; however, it limits antibody access to target molecules that are buried within specialized neuronal components, such as ionotropic receptors at the postsynapse and voltage-gated ion channels at the axon initial segment, often requiring additional antigen-exposing techniques to detect their authentic signals. To solve this problem, we used glyoxal, a two-carbon atom di-aldehyde. We found that glyoxal fixation greatly improved antibody penetration and immunoreactivity, uncovering signals for buried molecules by conventional immunohistochemical procedures at light and electron microscopic levels. It also enhanced immunosignals of most other molecules, which are known to be detectable in formaldehyde-fixed sections. Furthermore, we unearthed several specific primary antibodies that were once judged to be unusable in formaldehyde-fixed tissues, allowing us to successfully localize so far controversial synaptic adhesion molecule Neuroligin 1. Thus, glyoxal is a highly effective fixative for immunostaining, and a side-by-side comparison of glyoxal and formaldehyde fixation is recommended for routine immunostaining in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Kilisch M, Gere-Becker M, Wüstefeld L, Bonnas C, Crauel A, Mechmershausen M, Martens H, Götzke H, Opazo F, Frey S. Simple and Highly Efficient Detection of PSD95 Using a Nanobody and Its Recombinant Heavy-Chain Antibody Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087294. [PMID: 37108454 PMCID: PMC10138605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) is a crucial scaffolding protein participating in the organization and regulation of synapses. PSD95 interacts with numerous molecules, including neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. The functional dysregulation of PSD95 as well as its abundance and localization has been implicated with several neurological disorders, making it an attractive target for developing strategies able to monitor PSD95 accurately for diagnostics and therapeutics. This study characterizes a novel camelid single-domain antibody (nanobody) that binds strongly and with high specificity to rat, mouse, and human PSD95. This nanobody allows for more precise detection and quantification of PSD95 in various biological samples. We expect that the flexibility and unique performance of this thoroughly characterized affinity tool will help to further understand the role of PSD95 in normal and diseased neuronal synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kilisch
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maja Gere-Becker
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liane Wüstefeld
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christel Bonnas
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Crauel
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maja Mechmershausen
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Götzke
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Frey
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Straβe 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
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Yang N, Chen YB, Zhang YF. The rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton in mossy fiber synapses in a model of experimental febrile seizures. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1107538. [PMID: 37181554 PMCID: PMC10170767 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental complex febrile seizures induce a persistent hippocampal hyperexcitability and an enhanced seizure susceptibility in adulthood. The rearrangement of filamentous actin (F-actin) enhances the excitability of hippocampus and contributes to epileptogenesis in epileptic models. However, the remodeling of F-actin after prolonged febrile seizures is to be determined. Methods Prolonged experimental febrile seizures were induced by hyperthermia on P10 and P14 rat pups. Changes of actin cytoskeleton in hippocampal subregions were examined at P60 and the neuronal cells and pre- /postsynaptic components were labeled. Results F-actin was increased significantly in the stratum lucidum of CA3 region in both HT + 10D and HT + 14D groups and further comparison between the two groups showed no significant difference. The abundance of ZNT3, the presynaptic marker of mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapses, increased significantly whereas the postsynaptic marker PSD95 did not change significantly. Overlapping area of F-actin and ZNT3 showed a significant increase in both HT+ groups. The results of cell counts showed no significant increase or decrease in the number of neurons in each area of hippocampus. Conclusion F-actin was significantly up-regulated in the stratum lucidum of CA3, corresponding to the increase of the presynaptic marker of MF-CA3 synapses after prolonged febrile seizures, which may enhance the excitatory output from the dentate gyrus to CA3 and contribute to the hippocampal hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun, China
| | - Yin-Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Feng Zhang,
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Yamada T, Saitoh Y, Kametani K, Kamijo A, Sakamoto T, Terada N. Involvement of membrane palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2) in the synaptic molecular complex at the mouse cerebellar glomerulus. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:497-511. [PMID: 35854144 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the membrane skeletal protein 4.1G in the peripheral nervous system transports membrane palmitoylated protein 6 (MPP6), which interacts with the synaptic scaffolding protein Lin7 and cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4) in Schwann cells that form myelin. In the present study, we investigated the localization of and proteins related to MPP2, a highly homologous family protein of MPP6, in the cerebellum of the mouse central nervous system, in which neurons are well organized. Immunostaining for MPP2 was observed at cerebellar glomeruli (CG) in the granular layer after postnatal day 14. Using the high-resolution Airyscan mode of a confocal laser-scanning microscope, MPP2 was detected as a dot pattern and colocalized with CADM1 and Lin7, recognized as small ring/line patterns, as well as with calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK), NMDA glutamate receptor 1 (GluN1), and M-cadherin, recognized as dot patterns, indicating the localization of MPP2 in the excitatory postsynaptic region and adherens junctions of granule cells. An immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that MPP2 formed a molecular complex with CADM1, CASK, M-cadherin, and Lin7. Furthermore, the Lin7 staining pattern showed small rings surrounding mossy fibers in wild-type CG, while it changed to the dot/spot pattern inside small rings detected with CADM1 staining in MPP2-deficient CG. These results indicate that MPP2 influences the distribution of Lin7 to synaptic cell membranes at postsynaptic regions in granule cells at CG, at which electric signals enter the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yamada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Kametani
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akio Kamijo
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Basic and Clinical Medicine, Nagano College of Nursing, Komagane, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
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10
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Fatty Acids: A Safe Tool for Improving Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Down Syndrome? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142880. [PMID: 35889838 PMCID: PMC9323400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The triplication of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), a genetic disorder that is characterized by intellectual disability (ID). The causes of ID start in utero, leading to impairments in neurogenesis, and continue into infancy, leading to impairments in dendritogenesis, spinogenesis, and connectivity. These defects are associated with alterations in mitochondrial and metabolic functions and precocious aging, leading to the early development of Alzheimer’s disease. Intense efforts are currently underway, taking advantage of DS mouse models to discover pharmacotherapies for the neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits of DS. Many treatments that proved effective in mouse models may raise safety concerns over human use, especially at early life stages. Accumulating evidence shows that fatty acids, which are nutrients present in normal diets, exert numerous positive effects on the brain. Here, we review (i) the knowledge obtained from animal models regarding the effects of fatty acids on the brain, by focusing on alterations that are particularly prominent in DS, and (ii) the progress recently made in a DS mouse model, suggesting that fatty acids may indeed represent a useful treatment for DS. This scenario should prompt the scientific community to further explore the potential benefit of fatty acids for people with DS.
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Miyazaki T, Morimoto-Tomita M, Berthoux C, Konno K, Noam Y, Yamasaki T, Verhage M, Castillo PE, Watanabe M, Tomita S. Excitatory and inhibitory receptors utilize distinct post- and trans-synaptic mechanisms in vivo. eLife 2021; 10:59613. [PMID: 34658339 PMCID: PMC8550753 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors at postsynapses mediate fast synaptic transmission upon binding of the neurotransmitter. Post- and trans-synaptic mechanisms through cytosolic, membrane, and secreted proteins have been proposed to localize neurotransmitter receptors at postsynapses. However, it remains unknown which mechanism is crucial to maintain neurotransmitter receptors at postsynapses. In this study, we ablated excitatory or inhibitory neurons in adult mouse brains in a cell-autonomous manner. Unexpectedly, we found that excitatory AMPA receptors remain at the postsynaptic density upon ablation of excitatory presynaptic terminals. In contrast, inhibitory GABAA receptors required inhibitory presynaptic terminals for their postsynaptic localization. Consistent with this finding, ectopic expression at excitatory presynapses of neurexin-3 alpha, a putative trans-synaptic interactor with the native GABAA receptor complex, could recruit GABAA receptors to contacted postsynaptic sites. These results establish distinct mechanisms for the maintenance of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic receptors in the mature mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Morimoto-Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Coralie Berthoux
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Kotaro Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoav Noam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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12
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Zhou J, Brown AM, Lackey EP, Arancillo M, Lin T, Sillitoe RV. Purkinje cell neurotransmission patterns cerebellar basket cells into zonal modules defined by distinct pinceau sizes. eLife 2020; 9:55569. [PMID: 32990595 PMCID: PMC7561353 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ramón y Cajal proclaimed the neuron doctrine based on circuit features he exemplified using cerebellar basket cell projections. Basket cells form dense inhibitory plexuses that wrap Purkinje cell somata and terminate as pinceaux at the initial segment of axons. Here, we demonstrate that HCN1, Kv1.1, PSD95 and GAD67 unexpectedly mark patterns of basket cell pinceaux that map onto Purkinje cell functional zones. Using cell-specific genetic tracing with an Ascl1CreERT2 mouse conditional allele, we reveal that basket cell zones comprise different sizes of pinceaux. We tested whether Purkinje cells instruct the assembly of inhibitory projections into zones, as they do for excitatory afferents. Genetically silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission blocks the formation of sharp Purkinje cell zones and disrupts excitatory axon patterning. The distribution of pinceaux into size-specific zones is eliminated without Purkinje cell GABAergic output. Our data uncover the cellular and molecular diversity of a foundational synapse that revolutionized neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Amanda M Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Lackey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Marife Arancillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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13
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Bensussen S, Shankar S, Ching KH, Zemel D, Ta TL, Mount RA, Shroff SN, Gritton HJ, Fabris P, Vanbenschoten H, Beck C, Man HY, Han X. A Viral Toolbox of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Synaptic Tags. iScience 2020; 23:101330. [PMID: 32674057 PMCID: PMC7363701 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin intrabodies generated with mRNA display (FingRs) are a recently developed tool for labeling excitatory or inhibitory synapses, with the benefit of not altering endogenous synaptic protein expression levels or synaptic transmission. Here, we generated a viral vector FingR toolbox that allows for multi-color, neuron-type-specific labeling of excitatory or inhibitory synapses in multiple brain regions. We screened various fluorophores, FingR fusion configurations, and transcriptional control regulations in adeno-associated virus (AAV) and retrovirus vector designs. We report the development of a red FingR variant and demonstrated dual labeling of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the same cells. Furthermore, we developed cre-inducible FingR AAV variants and demonstrated their utility, finding that the density of inhibitory synapses in aspiny striatal cholinergic interneurons remained unchanged in response to dopamine depletion. Finally, we generated FingR retroviral vectors, which enabled us to track the development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in hippocampal adult-born granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Bensussen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sneha Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kimberley H Ching
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dana Zemel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tina L Ta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca A Mount
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sanaya N Shroff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Howard J Gritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pierre Fabris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Connor Beck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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14
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García-Cerro S, Rueda N, Vidal V, Puente A, Campa V, Lantigua S, Narcís O, Velasco A, Bartesaghi R, Martínez-Cué C. Prenatal Administration of Oleic Acid or Linolenic Acid Reduces Neuromorphological and Cognitive Alterations in Ts65dn Down Syndrome Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1631-1643. [PMID: 32243527 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive impairments that characterize Down syndrome (DS) have been attributed to brain hypocellularity due to neurogenesis impairment during fetal stages. Thus, enhancing prenatal neurogenesis in DS could prevent or reduce some of the neuromorphological and cognitive defects found in postnatal stages. OBJECTIVES As fatty acids play a fundamental role in morphogenesis and brain development during fetal stages, in this study, we aimed to enhance neurogenesis and the cognitive abilities of the Ts65Dn (TS) mouse model of DS by administering oleic or linolenic acid. METHODS In total, 85 pregnant TS females were subcutaneously treated from Embryonic Day (ED) 10 until Postnatal Day (PD) 2 with oleic acid (400 mg/kg), linolenic acid (500 mg/kg), or vehicle. All analyses were performed on their TS and Control (CO) male and female progeny. At PD2, we evaluated the short-term effects of the treatments on neurogenesis, cellularity, and brain weight, in 40 TS and CO pups. A total of 69 TS and CO mice were used to test the long-term effects of the prenatal treatments on cognition from PD30 to PD45, and on neurogenesis, cellularity, and synaptic markers, at PD45. Data were compared by ANOVAs. RESULTS Prenatal administration of oleic or linolenic acid increased the brain weight (+36.7% and +45%, P < 0.01), the density of BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine)- (+80% and +115%; P < 0.01), and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-positive cells (+64% and +22%, P < 0.05) of PD2 TS mice with respect to the vehicle-treated TS mice. Between PD30 and PD45, TS mice prenatally treated with oleic or linolenic acid showed better cognitive abilities (+28% and +25%, P < 0.01) and a higher density of the postsynaptic marker PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) (+65% and +44%, P < 0.05) than the vehicle-treated TS animals. CONCLUSION The beneficial cognitive and neuromorphological effects induced by oleic or linolenic acid in TS mice suggest that they could be promising pharmacotherapies for DS-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alba Puente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Víctor Campa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biomedicine (IBTECC), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Oriol Narcís
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and Leon (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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15
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Nakamoto C, Kawamura M, Nakatsukasa E, Natsume R, Takao K, Watanabe M, Abe M, Takeuchi T, Sakimura K. GluD1 knockout mice with a pure C57BL/6N background show impaired fear memory, social interaction, and enhanced depressive-like behavior. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229288. [PMID: 32078638 PMCID: PMC7032715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The GluD1 gene is associated with susceptibility for schizophrenia, autism, depression, and bipolar disorder. However, the function of GluD1 and how it is involved in these conditions remain elusive. In this study, we generated a Grid1 gene-knockout (GluD1-KO) mouse line with a pure C57BL/6N genetic background and performed several behavioral analyses. Compared to a control group, GluD1-KO mice showed no significant anxiety-related behavioral differences, evaluated using behavior in an open field, elevated plus maze, a light-dark transition test, the resident-intruder test of aggression and sensorimotor gating evaluated by the prepulse inhibition test. However, GluD1-KO mice showed (1) higher locomotor activity in the open field, (2) decreased sociability and social novelty preference in the three-chambered social interaction test, (3) impaired memory in contextual, but not cued fear conditioning tests, and (4) enhanced depressive-like behavior in a forced swim test. Pharmacological studies revealed that enhanced depressive-like behavior in GluD1-KO mice was restored by the serotonin reuptake inhibitors imipramine and fluoxetine, but not the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor desipramine. In addition, biochemical analysis revealed no significant difference in protein expression levels, such as other glutamate receptors in the synaptosome and postsynaptic densities prepared from the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. These results suggest that GluD1 plays critical roles in fear memory, sociability, and depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakamoto
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience–DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ena Nakatsukasa
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (MA)
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience–DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (TT); (MA)
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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16
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Mikuni T. Genome editing-based approaches for imaging protein localization and dynamics in the mammalian brain. Neurosci Res 2020; 150:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Yokoyama T, Yamamoto Y, Hirakawa M, Kato K, Saino T. Vesicular nucleotide transporter-immunoreactive type I cells associated with P2X3-immunoreactive nerve endings in the rat carotid body. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1486-1501. [PMID: 31808543 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ATP is the major excitatory transmitter from chemoreceptor type I cells to sensory nerve endings in the carotid body, and has been suggested to be released by exocytosis from these cells. We investigated the mRNA expression and immunohistochemical localization of vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) in the rat carotid body. RT-PCR detected mRNA expression of VNUT in extracts of the tissue. Immunoreactivity for VNUT was localized in a part of type I cells immunoreactive for synaptophysin (SYN), but not in glial-like type II cells immunoreactive for S100 and S100B. Among SYN-immunoreactive type I cells, VNUT immunoreactivity was selectively localized in the sub-population of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunorective type I cells associated with nerve endings immunoreactive for the P2X3 purinoceptor; however, it was not detected in the sub-population of type I cells immunoreactive for dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Multi-immunolabeling for VNUT, P2X3, and Bassoon revealed that Bassoon-immunoreactive products were localized in type I cells with VNUT immunoreactivity, and accumulated on the contact side of P2X3-immunoreactive nerve endings. These results revealed the selective localization of VNUT in the subpopulation of TH-immunoreactive type I cells attached to sensory nerve endings and suggested that these cells release ATP by exocytosis for chemosensory transmission in the carotid body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yokoyama
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masato Hirakawa
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kouki Kato
- Center for Laboratory Animal Science, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Saino
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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18
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Baliova M, Jursky F. Phosphomimetic Mutation of Glycine Transporter GlyT1 C-Terminal PDZ Binding Motif Inhibits its Interactions with PSD95. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:488-493. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Nakamoto C, Konno K, Miyazaki T, Nakatsukasa E, Natsume R, Abe M, Kawamura M, Fukazawa Y, Shigemoto R, Yamasaki M, Sakimura K, Watanabe M. Expression mapping, quantification, and complex formation of GluD1 and GluD2 glutamate receptors in adult mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1003-1027. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakamoto
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Ena Nakatsukasa
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Rie Natsume
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Life Science Advancement Program, Faculty of Medical Science University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria) Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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20
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Zhu F, Collins MO, Harmse J, Choudhary JS, Grant SGN, Komiyama NH. Cell-type-specific visualisation and biochemical isolation of endogenous synaptic proteins in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:793-805. [PMID: 31621109 PMCID: PMC7079123 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the remarkable molecular complexity of synapses has been revealed, with over 1,000 proteins identified in the synapse proteome. Although it is known that different receptors and other synaptic proteins are present in different types of neurons, the extent of synapse diversity across the brain is largely unknown. This is mainly due to the limitations of current techniques. Here, we report an efficient method for the purification of synaptic protein complexes, fusing a high‐affinity tag to endogenous PSD95 in specific cell types. We also developed a strategy, which enables the visualisation of endogenous PSD95 with fluorescent‐protein tag in Cre‐recombinase‐expressing cells. We demonstrate the feasibility of proteomic analysis of synaptic protein complexes and visualisation of these in specific cell types. We find that the composition of PSD95 complexes purified from specific cell types differs from those extracted from tissues with diverse cellular composition. The results suggest that there might be differential interactions in the PSD95 complexes in different brain regions. We have detected differentially interacting proteins by comparing data sets from the whole hippocampus and the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Therefore, these novel conditional PSD95 tagging lines will not only serve as powerful tools for precisely dissecting synapse diversity in specific brain regions and subsets of neuronal cells, but also provide an opportunity to better understand brain region‐ and cell‐type‐specific alterations associated with various psychiatric/neurological diseases. These newly developed conditional gene tagging methods can be applied to many different synaptic proteins and will facilitate research on the molecular complexity of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark O Collins
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johan Harmse
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Patrick Wild Centre for Research into Autism, Fragile X Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Dexamethasone ameliorates the damage of hippocampal filamentous actin cytoskeleton but is not sufficient to cease epileptogenesis in pilocarpine induced epileptic mice. Epilepsy Res 2019; 154:26-33. [PMID: 31022637 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rogressive deconstruction of filament actin (F-actin) in hippocampal neurons in the epileptic brain have been associated with epileptogenesis. Previous clinical studies suggest that glucocorticoids treatment plays beneficial roles in refractory epilepsy. Glucocorticoids treatment affects dendritic spine morphology by regulating local glucocorticoid receptors and F-actin cytoskeleton dynamics. However, how glucocorticoids regulate epileptogenesis by controlling F-actin cytoskeleton is not clear yet. Here we study the function of glucocorticoids in epileptogenesis by examining F-actin abundance, hippocampal neuron number, and synaptic markers in pilocarpine-induced epileptic mice in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. We found that spontaneous seizure duration was significantly reduced; F-actin damage in hippocampal subfields was remarkably attenuated; loss of pyramidal cells was dramatically decreased; more intact synaptic structures indicated by pre- and postsynaptic markers were preserved in multiple hippocampal regions after DEX treatment. However, the number of ZNT3 positive particles in the molecular layer in the hippocampus of pilocarpine epileptic mice was not altered after DEX treatment. Although not sufficient to cease epileptogenesis, our results suggest that dexamethasone treatment ameliorates the damage of epileptic brain by stabilizing F-actin cytoskeleton in the pilocarpine epileptic mice.
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22
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An opposing function of paralogs in balancing developmental synapse maturation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006838. [PMID: 30586380 PMCID: PMC6324823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disc-large (DLG)-membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of proteins forms a central signaling hub of the glutamate receptor complex. Among this family, some proteins regulate developmental maturation of glutamatergic synapses, a process vulnerable to aberrations, which may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. As is typical for paralogs, the DLG-MAGUK proteins postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 and PSD-93 share similar functional domains and were previously thought to regulate glutamatergic synapses similarly. Here, we show that they play opposing roles in glutamatergic synapse maturation. Specifically, PSD-95 promoted, whereas PSD-93 inhibited maturation of immature α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR)-silent synapses in mouse cortex during development. Furthermore, through experience-dependent regulation of its protein levels, PSD-93 directly inhibited PSD-95's promoting effect on silent synapse maturation in the visual cortex. The concerted function of these two paralogs governed the critical period of juvenile ocular dominance plasticity (jODP), and fine-tuned visual perception during development. In contrast to the silent synapse-based mechanism of adjusting visual perception, visual acuity improved by different mechanisms. Thus, by controlling the pace of silent synapse maturation, the opposing but properly balanced actions of PSD-93 and PSD-95 are essential for fine-tuning cortical networks for receptive field integration during developmental critical periods, and imply aberrations in either direction of this process as potential causes for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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23
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Ageta-Ishihara N, Konno K, Yamazaki M, Abe M, Sakimura K, Watanabe M, Kinoshita M. CDC42EP4, a perisynaptic scaffold protein in Bergmann glia, is required for glutamatergic tripartite synapse configuration. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Liang H, Wang H, Wang S, Francis R, Paxinos G, Huang X. 3D imaging of PSD-95 in the mouse brain using the advanced CUBIC method. Mol Brain 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 30208945 PMCID: PMC6134724 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Postsynaptic density - 95 kDa protein (PSD95) is an important molecule on the postsynaptic membrane. It interacts with many other proteins and plays a pivotal role in learning and memory formation. Its distribution in the brain has been studied previously using in situ hybridization as well as immunohistochemistry. However, these studies are based on 2 dimensional (2D) sections and results are presented with a few sections. The present study aims to show PSD-95 distribution in 3 dimensions (3D) without slicing the brain tissue of C57BL/6 mice into sections using the advanced CUBIC technique. METHODS Immunofluorescent staining using a PSD-95 antibody was performed on a half of the mouse brain after clarifying it using the advanced CUBIC protocol. The brain tissue was imaged using a Zeiss Z1 light sheet microscope and 3D reconstruction was completed using the Arivis Vision 4 dimensional (4D) software. RESULTS The majority of brain nuclei have similar distribution pattern to what has been reported from in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies in the mouse. The signal can be easily followed in the 3D and their spatial relationship with adjacent structures clearly demarcated. In the present study, some fiber bundles also showed strong PSD-95 signal, which is different from what was shown in previous studies and need to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazheng Liang
- Neurology Department, Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital (in the process of affiliation), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200081, China. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. .,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shaoshi Wang
- Neurology Department, Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital (in the process of affiliation), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Richard Francis
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - George Paxinos
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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25
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Zhu F, Cizeron M, Qiu Z, Benavides-Piccione R, Kopanitsa MV, Skene NG, Koniaris B, DeFelipe J, Fransén E, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN. Architecture of the Mouse Brain Synaptome. Neuron 2018; 99:781-799.e10. [PMID: 30078578 PMCID: PMC6117470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are found in vast numbers in the brain and contain complex proteomes. We developed genetic labeling and imaging methods to examine synaptic proteins in individual excitatory synapses across all regions of the mouse brain. Synapse catalogs were generated from the molecular and morphological features of a billion synapses. Each synapse subtype showed a unique anatomical distribution, and each brain region showed a distinct signature of synapse subtypes. Whole-brain synaptome cartography revealed spatial architecture from dendritic to global systems levels and previously unknown anatomical features. Synaptome mapping of circuits showed correspondence between synapse diversity and structural and functional connectomes. Behaviorally relevant patterns of neuronal activity trigger spatiotemporal postsynaptic responses sensitive to the structure of synaptome maps. Areas controlling higher cognitive function contain the greatest synapse diversity, and mutations causing cognitive disorders reorganized synaptome maps. Synaptome technology and resources have wide-ranging application in studies of the normal and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Mélissa Cizeron
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ruth Benavides-Piccione
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC) 28002 Madrid, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (UPM) 28223 Madrid; CIBERNED, ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maksym V Kopanitsa
- Synome Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan G Skene
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Babis Koniaris
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC) 28002 Madrid, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (UPM) 28223 Madrid; CIBERNED, ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Erik Fransén
- Department of Computational Science and Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
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26
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Müller T, Braud S, Jüttner R, Voigt BC, Paulick K, Sheean ME, Klisch C, Gueneykaya D, Rathjen FG, Geiger JR, Poulet JF, Birchmeier C. Neuregulin 3 promotes excitatory synapse formation on hippocampal interneurons. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798858. [PMID: 30049711 PMCID: PMC6120667 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal GABAergic interneurons are crucial for cortical network function and have been implicated in psychiatric disorders. We show here that Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3), a relatively little investigated low-affinity ligand, is a functionally dominant interaction partner of ErbB4 in parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons. Nrg3 and ErbB4 are located pre- and postsynaptically, respectively, in excitatory synapses on PV interneurons in vivo Additionally, we show that ablation of Nrg3 results in a similar phenotype as the one described for ErbB4 ablation, including reduced excitatory synapse numbers on PV interneurons, altered short-term plasticity, and disinhibition of the hippocampal network. In culture, presynaptic Nrg3 increases excitatory synapse numbers on ErbB4+ interneurons and affects short-term plasticity. Nrg3 mutant neurons are poor donors of presynaptic terminals in the presence of competing neurons that produce recombinant Nrg3, and this bias requires postsynaptic ErbB4 but not ErbB4 kinase activity. Furthermore, when presented by non-neuronal cells, Nrg3 induces postsynaptic membrane specialization. Our data indicate that Nrg3 provides adhesive cues that facilitate excitatory neurons to synapse onto ErbB4+ interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Braud
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Jüttner
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit C Voigt
- Neural Circuits and Behaviour Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Paulick
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria E Sheean
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Constantin Klisch
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilansu Gueneykaya
- Cellular Neuroscience Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz G Rathjen
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rp Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James Fa Poulet
- Neural Circuits and Behaviour Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max-Delbrueck-Centrum in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Simhal AK, Gong B, Trimmer JS, Weinberg RJ, Smith SJ, Sapiro G, Micheva KD. A Computational Synaptic Antibody Characterization Tool for Array Tomography. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:51. [PMID: 30065633 PMCID: PMC6057115 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Application-specific validation of antibodies is a critical prerequisite for their successful use. Here we introduce an automated framework for characterization and screening of antibodies against synaptic molecules for high-resolution immunofluorescence array tomography (AT). The proposed Synaptic Antibody Characterization Tool (SACT) is designed to provide an automatic, robust, flexible, and efficient tool for antibody characterization at scale. SACT automatically detects puncta of immunofluorescence labeling from candidate antibodies and determines whether a punctum belongs to a synapse. The molecular composition and size of the target synapses expected to contain the antigen is determined by the user, based on biological knowledge. Operationally, the presence of a synapse is defined by the colocalization or adjacency of the candidate antibody punctum to one or more reference antibody puncta. The outputs of SACT are automatically computed measurements such as target synapse density and target specificity ratio that reflect the sensitivity and specificity of immunolabeling with a given candidate antibody. These measurements provide an objective way to characterize and compare the performance of different antibodies against the same target, and can be used to objectively select the antibodies best suited for AT and potentially for other immunolabeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish K Simhal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Richard J Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen J Smith
- Synapse Biology, Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Guillermo Sapiro
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kristina D Micheva
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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28
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Yamasaki T, Hoyos-Ramirez E, Martenson JS, Morimoto-Tomita M, Tomita S. GARLH Family Proteins Stabilize GABA A Receptors at Synapses. Neuron 2017; 93:1138-1152.e6. [PMID: 28279354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission by functioning as ligand-gated ion channels. Fast inhibitory transmission in the brain is mediated mostly by ionotropic GABAA receptors (GABAARs), but their essential components for synaptic localization remain unknown. Here, we identify putative auxiliary subunits of GABAARs, which we term GARLHs, consisting of LH4 and LH3 proteins. LH4 forms a stable tripartite complex with GABAARs and neuroligin-2 in the brain. Moreover, LH4 is required for the synaptic localization of GABAARs and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Our findings propose GARLHs as the first identified auxiliary subunits for anion channels. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of inhibitory transmission and the molecular constituents of native anion channels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Erika Hoyos-Ramirez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James S Martenson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megumi Morimoto-Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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29
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Okuda K, Kobayashi S, Fukaya M, Watanabe A, Murakami T, Hagiwara M, Sato T, Ueno H, Ogonuki N, Komano-Inoue S, Manabe H, Yamaguchi M, Ogura A, Asahara H, Sakagami H, Mizuguchi M, Manabe T, Tanaka T. CDKL5 controls postsynaptic localization of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in the hippocampus and regulates seizure susceptibility. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:158-170. [PMID: 28688852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause severe neurodevelopmental disorders accompanied by intractable epilepsies, i.e. West syndrome or atypical Rett syndrome. Here we report generation of the Cdkl5 knockout mouse and show that CDKL5 controls postsynaptic localization of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the hippocampus and regulates seizure susceptibility. Cdkl5 -/Y mice showed normal sensitivity to kainic acid; however, they displayed significant hyperexcitability to NMDA. In concordance with this result, electrophysiological analysis in the hippocampal CA1 region disclosed an increased ratio of NMDA/α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and a significantly larger decay time constant of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs (NMDA-EPSCs) as well as a stronger inhibition of the NMDA-EPSCs by the GluN2B-selective antagonist ifenprodil in Cdkl5 -/Y mice. Subcellular fractionation of the hippocampus from Cdkl5 -/Y mice revealed a significant increase of GluN2B and SAP102 in the PSD (postsynaptic density)-1T fraction, without changes in the S1 (post-nuclear) fraction or mRNA transcripts, indicating an intracellular distribution shift of these proteins to the PSD. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis of the hippocampal CA1 region further confirmed postsynaptic overaccumulation of GluN2B and SAP102 in Cdkl5 -/Y mice. Furthermore, ifenprodil abrogated the NMDA-induced hyperexcitability in Cdkl5 -/Y mice, suggesting that upregulation of GluN2B accounts for the enhanced seizure susceptibility. These data indicate that CDKL5 plays an important role in controlling postsynaptic localization of the GluN2B-SAP102 complex in the hippocampus and thereby regulates seizure susceptibility, and that aberrant NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission underlies the pathological mechanisms of the CDKL5 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Okuda
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shizuka Kobayashi
- Division of Neuronal Network, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Aya Watanabe
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuto Murakami
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Hagiwara
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ueno
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Narumi Ogonuki
- Bioresource Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Sayaka Komano-Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Manabe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- Bioresource Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla 92037, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuguchi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Manabe
- Division of Neuronal Network, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Tanaka
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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30
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A novel synaptic junction preparation for the identification and characterization of cleft proteins. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174895. [PMID: 28362857 PMCID: PMC5376301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of synaptic cleft components has been hampered by the lack of a suitable preparation enriched in synaptic junctions devoid of adjoining peripheral membranes. Prior strategies for the isolation of synaptic junctions, relying on detergents for the removal of peripheral membranes, resulted in substantial loss of membranes lining the cleft. Here, a novel, detergent-free method is described for the preparation of a synaptic junction (SJ) fraction, using phospholipase A2. Limited digestion of synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) fraction with phospholipase A2 followed by centrifugation over a sucrose cushion results in selective removal of membranes peripheral to the cleft while junctional membranes remain relatively intact as observed by electron microscopy. Enrichment in synaptic junctional structures and loss of membranes peripheral to the junctional area are further verified by demonstrating enrichment in PSD-95 and loss in mGluR5, respectively. The SJ fraction is enriched in neuroligins and neurexins, in agreement with immuno-electron microscopy data showing their selective localization to the junctional area. Among additional cell adhesion molecules tested, N-cadherin and specific isoforms of the SynCAM and SALM families also show marked enrichment in the SJ fraction, suggesting preferential localization at the synaptic cleft while others show little enrichment or decrease, suggesting that they are not restricted to or concentrated at the synaptic cleft. Treatment of the SJ fraction with glycosidases results in electrophoretic mobility shifts of all cell adhesion molecules tested, indicating glycosylation at the synaptic cleft. Biochemical and ultrastructural data presented indicate that the novel synaptic junction preparation can be used as a predictive tool for the identification and characterization of the components of the synaptic cleft.
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31
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Gong B, Murray KD, Trimmer JS. Developing high-quality mouse monoclonal antibodies for neuroscience research - approaches, perspectives and opportunities. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:551-64. [PMID: 26644354 PMCID: PMC4884554 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High-quality antibodies (Abs) are critical to neuroscience research, as they remain the primary affinity proteomics reagent used to label and capture endogenously expressed protein targets in the nervous system. As in other fields, neuroscientists are frequently confronted with inaccurate and irreproducible Ab-based results and/or reporting. The UC Davis/NIH NeuroMab Facility was created with the mission of addressing the unmet need for high-quality Abs in neuroscience research by applying a unique approach to generate and validate mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) optimized for use against mammalian brain (i.e., NeuroMabs). Here we describe our methodology of multi-step mAb screening focused on identifying mAbs exhibiting efficacy and specificity in labeling mammalian brain samples. We provide examples from NeuroMab screens, and from the subsequent specialized validation of those selected as NeuroMabs. We highlight the particular challenges and considerations of determining specificity for brain immunolabeling. We also describe why our emphasis on extensive validation of large numbers of candidates by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry against brain samples is essential for identifying those that exhibit efficacy and specificity in those applications to become NeuroMabs. We describe the special attention given to candidates with less common non-IgG1 IgG subclasses that can facilitate simultaneous multiplex labeling with subclass-specific secondary antibodies. We detail our recent use of recombinant cloning of NeuroMabs as a method to archive all NeuroMabs, to unambiguously define NeuroMabs at the DNA sequence level, and to re-engineer IgG1 NeuroMabs to less common IgG subclasses to facilitate their use in multiplex labeling. Finally, we provide suggestions to facilitate Ab development and use, as to design, execution and interpretation of Ab-based neuroscience experiments. Reproducibility in neuroscience research will improve with enhanced Ab validation, unambiguous identification of Abs used in published experiments, and end user proficiency in Ab-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belvin Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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32
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Straub C, Noam Y, Nomura T, Yamasaki M, Yan D, Fernandes HB, Zhang P, Howe JR, Watanabe M, Contractor A, Tomita S. Distinct Subunit Domains Govern Synaptic Stability and Specificity of the Kainate Receptor. Cell Rep 2016; 16:531-544. [PMID: 27346345 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic communication between neurons requires the precise localization of neurotransmitter receptors to the correct synapse type. Kainate-type glutamate receptors restrict synaptic localization that is determined by the afferent presynaptic connection. The mechanisms that govern this input-specific synaptic localization remain unclear. Here, we examine how subunit composition and specific subunit domains contribute to synaptic localization of kainate receptors. The cytoplasmic domain of the GluK2 low-affinity subunit stabilizes kainate receptors at synapses. In contrast, the extracellular domain of the GluK4/5 high-affinity subunit synergistically controls the synaptic specificity of kainate receptors through interaction with C1q-like proteins. Thus, the input-specific synaptic localization of the native kainate receptor complex involves two mechanisms that underlie specificity and stabilization of the receptor at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Straub
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; CNNR Program, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yoav Noam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; CNNR Program, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Toshihiro Nomura
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; CNNR Program, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Herman B Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James R Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Anis Contractor
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; CNNR Program, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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33
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Fukaya M, Ohta S, Hara Y, Tamaki H, Sakagami H. Distinct subcellular localization of alternative splicing variants of EFA6D, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf6, in the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2531-52. [PMID: 27241101 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
EFA6D (guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [Arf6]D) is also known as EFA6R, Psd3, and HCA67. It is the fourth member of the EFA6 family with guanine nucleotide exchange activity for Arf6, a small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) that regulates endosomal trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. We propose a classification and nomenclature of 10 EFA6D variants deposited in the GenBank database as EFA6D1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1s, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and 2s based on the combination of N-terminal and C-terminal insertions. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the expression of all EFA6D variants except for variants a and d in the adult mouse brain. Immunoblotting analysis with novel variant-specific antibodies showed the endogenous expression of EFA6D1b, EFA6D1c, and EFA6D1s at the protein level, with the highest expression being EFA6D1s, in the brain. Immunoblotting analysis of forebrain subcellular fractions showed the distinct subcellular distribution of EFA6D1b/c and EFA6D1s. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed distinct but overlapping immunoreactive patterns between EFA6D1b/c and EFA6D1s in the mouse brain. In immunoelectron microscopic analyses of the hippocampal CA3 region, EFA6D1b/c was present predominantly in the mossy fiber axons of dentate granule cells, whereas EFA6D1s was present abundantly in the cell bodies, dendritic shafts, and spines of hippocampal pyramidal cells. These results provide the first anatomical evidence suggesting the functional diversity of EFA6D variants, particularly EFA6D1b/c and EFA6D1s, in neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2531-2552, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Shingo Ohta
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tamaki
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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34
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Immunostaining for Homer reveals the majority of excitatory synapses in laminae I-III of the mouse spinal dorsal horn. Neuroscience 2016; 329:171-81. [PMID: 27185486 PMCID: PMC4915440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying glutamatergic synapses is important for tracing synaptic circuits. Most proteins at glutamatergic synapses are masked by tissue fixation. Homer can reveal glutamatergic synapses without the need for antigen retrieval.
The spinal dorsal horn processes somatosensory information before conveying it to the brain. The neuronal organization of the dorsal horn is still poorly understood, although recent studies have defined several distinct populations among the interneurons, which account for most of its constituent neurons. All primary afferents, and the great majority of neurons in laminae I–III are glutamatergic, and a major factor limiting our understanding of the synaptic circuitry has been the difficulty in identifying glutamatergic synapses with light microscopy. Although there are numerous potential targets for antibodies, these are difficult to visualize with immunocytochemistry, because of protein cross-linking following tissue fixation. Although this can be overcome by antigen retrieval methods, these lead to difficulty in detecting other antigens. The aim of this study was to test whether the postsynaptic protein Homer can be used to reveal glutamatergic synapses in the dorsal horn. Immunostaining for Homer gave punctate labeling when viewed by confocal microscopy, and this was restricted to synapses at the ultrastructural level. We found that Homer puncta were colocalized with the AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit, but not with the inhibitory synapse-associated protein gephyrin. We also examined several populations of glutamatergic axons and found that most boutons were in contact with at least one Homer punctum. These results suggest that Homer antibodies can be used to reveal the great majority of glutamatergic synapses without antigen retrieval. This will be of considerable value in tracing synaptic circuits, and also in investigating plasticity of glutamatergic synapses in pain states.
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Mikuni T, Nishiyama J, Sun Y, Kamasawa N, Yasuda R. High-Throughput, High-Resolution Mapping of Protein Localization in Mammalian Brain by In Vivo Genome Editing. Cell 2016; 165:1803-1817. [PMID: 27180908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A scalable and high-throughput method to identify precise subcellular localization of endogenous proteins is essential for integrative understanding of a cell at the molecular level. Here, we developed a simple and generalizable technique to image endogenous proteins with high specificity, resolution, and contrast in single cells in mammalian brain tissue. The technique, single-cell labeling of endogenous proteins by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (SLENDR), uses in vivo genome editing to insert a sequence encoding an epitope tag or a fluorescent protein to a gene of interest by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR). Single-cell, HDR-mediated genome editing was achieved by delivering the editing machinery to dividing neuronal progenitors through in utero electroporation. We demonstrate that SLENDR allows rapid determination of the localization and dynamics of many endogenous proteins in various cell types, regions, and ages in the brain. Thus, SLENDR provides a high-throughput platform to map the subcellular localization of endogenous proteins with the resolution of micro- to nanometers in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Mikuni
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jun Nishiyama
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Ye Sun
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Integrative Program in Biology and Neuroscience, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Dopamine synapse is a neuroligin-2-mediated contact between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4206-11. [PMID: 27035941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514074113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons project densely to the striatum and form so-called dopamine synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs), principal neurons in the striatum. Because dopamine receptors are widely expressed away from dopamine synapses, it remains unclear how dopamine synapses are involved in dopaminergic transmission. Here we demonstrate that dopamine synapses are contacts formed between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures. The presynaptic structure expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, vesicular monoamine transporter-2, and plasmalemmal dopamine transporter, which are essential for dopamine synthesis, vesicular filling, and recycling, but was below the detection threshold for molecules involving GABA synthesis and vesicular filling or for GABA itself. In contrast, the postsynaptic structure of dopamine synapses expressed GABAergic molecules, including postsynaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-2, postsynaptic scaffolding molecule gephyrin, and GABAA receptor α1, without any specific clustering of dopamine receptors. Of these, neuroligin-2 promoted presynaptic differentiation in axons of midbrain dopamine neurons and striatal GABAergic neurons in culture. After neuroligin-2 knockdown in the striatum, a significant decrease of dopamine synapses coupled with a reciprocal increase of GABAergic synapses was observed on MSN dendrites. This finding suggests that neuroligin-2 controls striatal synapse formation by giving competitive advantage to heterologous dopamine synapses over conventional GABAergic synapses. Considering that MSN dendrites are preferential targets of dopamine synapses and express high levels of dopamine receptors, dopamine synapse formation may serve to increase the specificity and potency of dopaminergic modulation of striatal outputs by anchoring dopamine release sites to dopamine-sensing targets.
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Ageta-Ishihara N, Yamazaki M, Konno K, Nakayama H, Abe M, Hashimoto K, Nishioka T, Kaibuchi K, Hattori S, Miyakawa T, Tanaka K, Huda F, Hirai H, Hashimoto K, Watanabe M, Sakimura K, Kinoshita M. A CDC42EP4/septin-based perisynaptic glial scaffold facilitates glutamate clearance. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10090. [PMID: 26657011 PMCID: PMC4682051 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase-effector proteins CDC42EP1-5/BORG1–5 interact reciprocally with CDC42 or the septin cytoskeleton. Here we show that, in the cerebellum, CDC42EP4 is exclusively expressed in Bergmann glia and localizes beneath specific membrane domains enwrapping dendritic spines of Purkinje cells. CDC42EP4 forms complexes with septin hetero-oligomers, which interact with a subset of glutamate transporter GLAST/EAAT1. In Cdc42ep4−/− mice, GLAST is dissociated from septins and is delocalized away from the parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses. The excitatory postsynaptic current exhibits a protracted decay time constant, reduced sensitivity to a competitive inhibitor of the AMPA-type glutamate receptors (γDGG) and excessive baseline inward current in response to a subthreshold dose of a nonselective inhibitor of the glutamate transporters/EAAT1–5 (DL-TBOA). Insufficient glutamate-buffering/clearance capacity in these mice manifests as motor coordination/learning defects, which are aggravated with subthreshold DL-TBOA. We propose that the CDC42EP4/septin-based glial scaffold facilitates perisynaptic localization of GLAST and optimizes the efficiency of glutamate-buffering and clearance. Glutamate transporters mediate neurotransmitter reuptake at glutamatergic synapses. Here the authors show that CDC42 effector protein CDC42EP4 supports efficient glutamate clearance by promoting the tethering of a glutamate transporter GLAST to perisynaptic clusters of septins in Bergmann glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hisako Nakayama
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishioka
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.,Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Fathul Huda
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Xiong T, Liu J, Dai G, Hou Y, Tan B, Zhang Y, Li S, Song Y, Liu H, Li Y, Li Y. The progressive changes of filamentous actin cytoskeleton in the hippocampal neurons after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2015; 118:55-67. [PMID: 26600371 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported a persistent reduction of F-actin puncta but a compensating increase in puncta size in the mouse hippocampus at 2 months after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (Epilepsy Res. 108 (2014), 379-389). However, the F-actin changes during the period of epileptogenesis remain unknown. This study was designed to examine the temporal and spatial changes of F-actin during the period of epileptogenesis in a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model, primarily by the histological and TUNEL evaluation of cell loss, phalloidin detection of F-actin, and immunohistochemical analysis of glial reactions. The results demonstrated that F-actin continued to decrease after pilocarpine treatment, which was consistent in its time course with hippocampal neuronal death. Within different hippocampal subfields, the spatial changes of F-actin exhibited similar features. First, the F-actin puncta decreased in number. Thereafter, F-actin was transiently aggregated in dendritic shafts and neuronal cell bodies and eventually was completely lost in the degenerated neurons. The progressive changes of F-actin in the degenerating neurons reported in this study may help to elucidate a cytoskeletal mechanism that may link to the delayed cell loss that occurs during epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Xiong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Gaoyue Dai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yuan Hou
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Baihong Tan
- Laboratory Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Shulei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
| | - Yan Song
- Nursing College, Beihua University, 3999 Huashan Road, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Yanchao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
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Molecular and anatomical evidence for the input pathway- and target cell type-dependent regulation of glutamatergic synapses. Anat Sci Int 2015; 91:8-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-015-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Trimmer JS. Subcellular localization of K+ channels in mammalian brain neurons: remarkable precision in the midst of extraordinary complexity. Neuron 2015; 85:238-56. [PMID: 25611506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels (KChs) are the most diverse ion channels, in part due to extensive combinatorial assembly of a large number of principal and auxiliary subunits into an assortment of KCh complexes. Their structural and functional diversity allows KChs to play diverse roles in neuronal function. Localization of KChs within specialized neuronal compartments defines their physiological role and also fundamentally impacts their activity, due to localized exposure to diverse cellular determinants of channel function. Recent studies in mammalian brain reveal an exquisite refinement of KCh subcellular localization. This includes axonal KChs at the initial segment, and near/within nodes of Ranvier and presynaptic terminals, dendritic KChs found at sites reflecting specific synaptic input, and KChs defining novel neuronal compartments. Painting the remarkable diversity of KChs onto the complex architecture of mammalian neurons creates an elegant picture of electrical signal processing underlying the sophisticated function of individual neuronal compartments, and ultimately neurotransmission and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Involvement of diacylglycerol kinase β in the spine formation at distal dendrites of striatal medium spiny neurons. Brain Res 2015; 1594:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hamada S, Ogawa I, Yamasaki M, Kiyama Y, Kassai H, Watabe AM, Nakao K, Aiba A, Watanabe M, Manabe T. The glutamate receptor GluN2 subunit regulates synaptic trafficking of AMPA receptors in the neonatal mouse brain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3136-46. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hamada
- Division of Neuronal Network; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Itone Ogawa
- Division of Neuronal Network; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yuji Kiyama
- Division of Neuronal Network; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kassai
- Laboratory of Animal Resources; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Ayako M. Watabe
- Division of Neuronal Network; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
- PRESTO JST; Kawaguchi Saitama Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering; Center for Developmental Biology; RIKEN; Kobe Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Toshiya Manabe
- Division of Neuronal Network; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
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Wu S, Yue Y, Tian H, Tao L, Wang Y, Xiang J, Wang S, Ding H. Tramiprosate protects neurons against ischemic stroke by disrupting the interaction between PSD95 and nNOS. Neuropharmacology 2014; 83:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhang YF, Xiong TQ, Tan BH, Song Y, Li SL, Yang LB, Li YC. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy is associated with actin cytoskeleton reorganization in the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:379-89. [PMID: 24559838 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic structural changes have been demonstrated in the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in the post status epilepticus (SE) animals, suggesting a potential reorganization of filamentous actin (F-actin) network occurring in the hippocampus. However, until now the long-term effects of SE on the synaptic F-actin have still not been reported. In this study, phalloidin labeling combined with confocal microscopy and protein analyses were adopted to investigate the effects of pilocarpine treatment on the F-actin in the C57BL/6 mice. As compared to the controls, there was ∼ 43% reduction in F-actin density in the post SE mice. Quantitative analysis showed that the labeling density and the puncta number were significantly decreased after pilocarpine treatment (p<0.01, n=5 mice per group, Student's t-test). The puncta of F-actin in the post SE group tended to be highly clustered, while those in the controls were generally distributed evenly. The mean puncta size of F-actin puncta was 0.73±0.19μm(2) (n=1102 puncta from 5 SE mice) in the experimental group, significantly larger than that in the controls (0.51±0.10μm(2), n=1983 puncta from 5 aged-matched control mice, p<0.01, Student's t-test). These observations were well consistent with the alterations of postsynaptic densities in the same region, revealed by immunostaining of PSD95, suggesting the reorganization of F-actin occurred mainly postsynaptically. Our results are indicative of important cytoskeletal changes in the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses after pilocarpine treatment, which may contribute to the excessive excitatory output in the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China; Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Xiong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Bai-Hong Tan
- Laboratory Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yan Song
- Nursing College, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China
| | - Shu-Lei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
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Fukaya M, Fukushima D, Hara Y, Sakagami H. EFA6A, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf6, interacts with sorting nexin-1 and regulates neurite outgrowth. J Neurochem 2013; 129:21-36. [PMID: 24261326 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling mediated by ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) are functionally linked to various neuronal processes including neurite formation and maintenance, neurotransmitter release, and receptor internalization. EFA6A is an Arf6-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is abundantly expressed in the brain. In this study, we identified sorting nexin-1 (SNX1), a retromer component that is implicated in endosomal sorting and trafficking, as a novel interacting partner for EFA6A by yeast two-hybrid screening. The interaction was mediated by the C-terminal region of EFA6A and a BAR domain of SNX1, and further confirmed by pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation from mouse brain lysates. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated the widespread expression of SNX1 in the mouse brain, which overlapped with the expression of EFA6A in the forebrain. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed the partial colocalization of EFA6A and SNX1 in the dendritic fields of the hippocampus. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed the overlapping subcellular localization of EFA6A and SNX1 at the post-synaptic density and endosomes in dendritic spines. In Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells, expression of either EFA6A or SNX1 induced neurite outgrowth, which was further enhanced by co-expression of EFA6A and SNX1. The present findings suggest a novel mechanism by which EFA6A regulates Arf6-mediated neurite formation through the interaction with SNX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zhang YF, Li SL, Xiong TQ, Yang LB, Li YN, Tan BH, Liu Q, Li YC. The rearrangement of filamentous actin in mossy fiber synapses in pentylenetetrazol-kindled C57BL/6 mice. Epilepsy Res 2013; 108:20-8. [PMID: 24275550 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical kindling, as an experimental model of epileptogenesis, is induced by repetitive administration of subconvulsive amount of excitatory drugs. Kindled mice do not typically display spontaneous recurrent seizures, but are instead characterized by enhanced seizure susceptibility to convulsive stimulations. In order to provide insights into the aberrant synaptic plasticity during kindling, this study investigated the effect of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling on filamentous actin (F-actin) in mossy fiber synapses in C57BL/6 mice. Phalloidin labeling of F-actin showed that F-actin puncta were increased in number in the stratum lucidum of CA3 region in the hippocampus after kindling. The rearrangement of F-actin seemed to occur presynaptically, since synapsin I, a specific marker for mossy fiber terminals, was also up-regulated. Such subtle structural modifications occurring in the synapses are thought to contribute to the long-lasting increased sensitivity in the PTZ-kindled C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China; Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China; Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Shu-Lei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Xiong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yong-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Bai-Hong Tan
- Laboratory Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
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Rivera HM, Bethea CL. Ovarian steroids increase PSD-95 expression and dendritic spines in the dorsal raphe of ovariectomized macaques. Synapse 2013; 67:897-908. [PMID: 23959764 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) promote spinogenesis in several brain areas. Intracellular signaling cascades that promote spinogenesis involve RhoGTPases, glutamate signaling and synapse assembly. We found that in serotonin neurons, E ± P administration increases (a) gene and protein expression of RhoGTPases, (b) gene expression of glutamate receptors, and (c) gene expression of pivotal synapse assembly proteins. Therefore, in this study we determined whether structural changes in dendritic spines in the dorsal raphe follow the observed changes in gene and protein expression. Dendritic spines were examined with immunogold silver staining of a spine marker protein, postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and with Golgi staining. In the PSD-95 study, adult Ovx monkeys received placebo, E, P, or E + P for 1 month (n = 3/group). Sections were immunostained for PSD-95 and the number of PSD-95-positive puncta was determined with stereology. E, P, and E + P treatment significantly increased the total number of PSD-95-positive puncta (ANOVA, P = 0.04). In the golgi study, adult Ovx monkeys received placebo, E or E + P for 1 month (n = 3-4) and the midbrain was golgi-stained. A total of 80 neurons were analyzed with Neurolucida software. There was a significant difference in spine density that depended on branch order (two-way ANOVA). E + P treatment significantly increased spine density in higher-order (3°-5°) dendritic branches relative to Ovx group (Bonferroni, P < 0.05). In summary, E + P leads to the elaboration of dendritic spines on dorsal raphe neurons. The ability of E to induce PSD-95, but not actual spines, suggests either a sampling or time lag issue. Increased spinogenesis on serotonin dendrites would facilitate excitatory glutamatergic input and, in turn, increase serotonin neurotransmission throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Rivera
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, 97006
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Yan D, Yamasaki M, Straub C, Watanabe M, Tomita S. Homeostatic control of synaptic transmission by distinct glutamate receptors. Neuron 2013; 78:687-99. [PMID: 23719165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and distinct classes of glutamate receptors coordinate synaptic transmission and spike generation upon various levels of neuronal activity. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that loss of synaptic AMPA receptors increased kainate receptor activity in cerebellar granule cells without changing NMDA receptors. The augmentation of kainate receptor-mediated currents in the absence of AMPA receptor activity is required for spike generation and is mediated by the increased expression of the GluK5 high-affinity kainate receptor subunit. Increase in GluK5 expression is sufficient to enhance kainate receptor activity by modulating receptor channel properties, but not localization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the combined loss of the AMPA receptor auxiliary TARPγ-2 subunit and the GluK5 subunit leads to early mouse lethality. Our findings reveal mechanisms mediated by distinct classes of postsynaptic glutamate receptors for the homeostatic maintenance of the neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Exonic resequencing of the DLGAP3 gene as a candidate gene for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2013; 208:84-7. [PMID: 23414653 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We resequenced the exonic regions of the DLGAP3 gene, which encodes SAP90/PSD95-associated protein 3, in 215 schizophrenic patients and 215 non-psychotic controls. Seven known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, but not associated with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, we identified several rare missense mutations and some of them might be associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Distinct synaptic localization patterns of brefeldin A-resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factors BRAG2 and BRAG3 in the mouse retina. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:860-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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