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Xing J, Bou G, Liu G, Li X, Shen Y, Akhtar MF, Bai D, Zhao Y, Dugarjaviin M, Zhang X. Leucine promotes energy metabolism and stimulates slow-twitch muscle fibers expression through AMPK/mTOR signaling in equine skeletal muscle satellite cells. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 51:101249. [PMID: 38776751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that leucine (Leu) can stimulate and enhance the proliferation of equine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs). The gene expression profile associated with Leu-induced proliferation of equine SCs has also been documented. However, the specific role of Leu in regulating the expression of slow-twitch muscle fibers (slow-MyHC) and mitochondrial function in equine SCs, as well as the underlying mechanism, remains unclear. During this investigation, equine SCs underwent culturing in differentiation medium and were subjected to varying concentrations of Leu (0 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM) over a span of 3 days. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) inhibitor Rapamycin were utilized to explore its underlying mechanism. Here we showed that the expression of slow-MyHC at 2 mM Leu level was significantly higher than the concentration levels of 0 mM,0.5 mM and 10 mM (P <0.01), and there was no significant difference compared to other groups (P > 0.05); the basal respiration, maximum respiration, standby respiration and the expression of slow-MyHC, PGC-1α, Cytc, ND1, TFAM, and COX1 were significantly increased with Leu supplementation (P < 0.01). We also found that Leu up-regulated the expression of key proteins on AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways, including LKB1, p-LKB1, AMPK, p-AMPK, S6, p-S6, 4EBP1, p-4EBP1, mTOR and p-mTOR (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Notably, when we treated the equine SCs with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C and the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, we observed a reduction in the beneficial effects of Leu on the expression of genes related to slow-MyHC and signaling pathway-related gene expressions. This study provides novel evidence that Leu promotes slow-MyHC expression and enhances mitochondrial function in equine SCs through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms involved in these processes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yingchao Shen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | | | - Dongyi Bai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Zuk E, Chmurzynska A, Blatkiewicz M, Jopek K, Rucinski M. The effects of exposure to and timing of a choline-deficient diet during pregnancy and early postnatal life on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of the offspring. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1503-1515. [PMID: 38729079 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to muscle loss, but the precise mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. The aim of the present study was thus to determine the influence of maternal fatty liver and dietary choline deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation periods on the skeletal muscle gene expression profile among 24-day-old male rat offspring. METHODS Histological examination of skeletal muscle tissue specimens obtained from offspring of dams suffering from fatty liver, provided with proper choline intake during pregnancy and lactation (NN), fed a choline-deficient diet during both periods (DD), deprived of choline only during pregnancy (DN), or only during lactation (ND), was performed. The global transcriptome pattern was assessed using a microarray approach (Affymetrix® Rat Gene 2.1 ST Array Strip). The relative expression of selected genes was validated by real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Morphological differences in fat accumulation in skeletal muscle related to choline supply were observed. The global gene expression profile was consistent with abnormal morphological changes. Mettl21c gene was overexpressed in all choline-deficient groups compared to the NN group, while two genes, Cdkn1a and S100a4, were downregulated. Processes of protein biosynthesis were upregulated, and processes related to cell proliferation and lipid metabolism were inhibited in DD, DN, and ND groups compared to the NN group. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to fatty liver and dietary choline deficiency leads to changes in the transcriptome profile in skeletal muscle of 24-day old male rat offspring and is associated with muscle damage, but the mechanism of it seems to be different at different developmental stages of life. Adequate choline intake during pregnancy and lactation can prevent severe muscle disturbance in the progeny of females suffering from fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewelina Zuk
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Blatkiewicz
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań, Poland
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Schaub L, Lagou A, Ait-Lounis A, Kiliaridis S, Antonarakis GS. Effects of age and diet consistency on the expression of myosin heavy-chain isoforms on jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles in a rat model. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:1016-1024. [PMID: 38475932 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal craniofacial morphology can be influenced by changes in masticatory muscle function, which may also change the functional profile of the muscles. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of age and functional demands on the expression of Myosin Heavy-Chain (MyHC) isoforms in representative jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles, namely the masseter and digastric muscles respectively. METHODS Eighty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four age groups, namely an immature (n = 12; 4-week-old), early adult (n = 24; 16-week-old), adult (n = 24; 26-week-old) and mature adult (n = 24; 38-week-old) group. The three adult groups were divided into two subgroups each based on diet consistency; a control group fed a standard (hard) diet, and an experimental group fed a soft diet. Rats were sacrificed, and masseter and digastric muscles dissected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to compare the mRNA transcripts of the MyHC isoforms-Myh7 (MyHC-I), Myh2 (MyHC-IIa), Myh4 (MyHC-IIb) and Myh1 (MyHC-IIx)-of deep masseter and digastric muscles. RESULTS In the masseter muscle, hypofunction increases Myh1 (26, 38 weeks; p < .0001) but decreases Myh4 (26 weeks; p = .046) and Myh2 (26 weeks; p < .0001) expression in adult rats. In the digastric muscle, hypofunction increases Myh1 expression in the mature adult rats (38 weeks; p < .0001), while Myh2 expression decreases in adult rats (26 weeks; p = .021) as does Myh4 (26 weeks; p = .001). Myh7 expression is increased in the digastric muscle of mature adult rats subjected to hypofunction (38 weeks; p = <.0001), while it is very weakly expressed in the masseter. CONCLUSION In jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscles, differences in myosin expression between hard- and soft-diet-fed rats become evident in adulthood, suggesting that long-term alteration of jaw function is associated with changes in the expression of MyHC isoforms and potential fibre remodelling. This may give insight into the role of function on masticatory muscles and the resultant craniofacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Schaub
- Division of orthodontics, University clinics of dental medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aikaterini Lagou
- Division of orthodontics, University clinics of dental medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aouatef Ait-Lounis
- Division of orthodontics, University clinics of dental medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Kiliaridis
- Division of orthodontics, University clinics of dental medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregory S Antonarakis
- Division of orthodontics, University clinics of dental medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Walluks K, Hoffmann B, Svensson CM, Förster G, Müller AH, Jarvis J, Perkins J, Figge MT, Arnold D. Long-term stimulation by implanted pacemaker enables non-atrophic treatment of bilateral vocal fold paresis in a human-like animal model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10440. [PMID: 38714750 PMCID: PMC11076618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of treatments have been developed to improve respiratory function and quality of life in patients with bilateral vocal fold paresis (BVFP). One experimental method is the electrical activation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle with a laryngeal pacemaker (LP) to open the vocal folds. We used an ovine (sheep) model of unilateral VFP to study the long-term effects of functional electrical stimulation on the PCA muscles. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve was cryo-damaged in all animals and an LP was implanted except for the controls. After a reinnervation phase of six months, animals were pooled into groups that received either no treatment, implantation of an LP only, or implantation of an LP and six months of stimulation with different duty cycles. Automated image analysis of fluorescently stained PCA cross-sections was performed to assess relevant muscle characteristics. We observed a fast-to-slow fibre type shift in response to nerve damage and stimulation, but no complete conversion to a slow-twitch-muscle. Fibre size, proportion of hybrid fibres, and intramuscular collagen content were not substantially altered by the stimulation. These results demonstrate that 30 Hz burst stimulation with duty cycles of 40% and 70% did not induce PCA atrophy or fibrosis. Thus, long-term stimulation with an LP is a promising approach for treating BVFP in humans without compromising muscle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Walluks
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Hoffmann
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Carl-Magnus Svensson
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard Förster
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology/Plastic Surgery, Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany
| | - Andreas H Müller
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology/Plastic Surgery, Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jarvis
- Faculty of Science, Sport and Exercise Sciences, John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Dirk Arnold
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Gerzen O, Potoskueva I, Votinova V, Sergeeva K, Tyganov S, Tzybina A, Shenkman BS, Nikitina L. Mechanical interaction of myosin and native thin filament in the disused rat soleus muscle. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:80-85. [PMID: 38670656 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The disuse of skeletal limb muscles occurs in a variety of conditions, yet our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in adaptation to disuse remains incomplete. We studied the mechanical characteristics of actin-myosin interaction using an in vitro motility assay and isoform composition of myosin heavy and light chains by dint of SDS-PAGE in soleus muscle of both control and hindlimb-unloaded rats. 14 days of hindlimb unloading led to the increased maximum sliding velocity of actin, reconstituted, and native thin filaments over rat soleus muscle myosin by 24 %, 19 %, and 20 %, respectively. The calcium sensitivity of the "pCa-velocity" relationship decreased. There was a 26 % increase in fast myosin heavy chain IIa (MHC IIa), a 22 % increase in fast myosin light chain 2 (MLC 2f), and a 13 % increase in fast MLC 1f content. The content of MLC 1s/v, typical for slow skeletal muscles and cardiac ventricles did not change. At the same time, MLC 1s, typical only for slow skeletal muscles, disappeared. The maximum velocity of soleus muscle native thin filaments was 24 % higher compared to control ones sliding over the same rabbit myosin. Therefore, both myosin and native thin filament kinetics could influence the mechanical characteristics of the soleus muscle. Additionally, the MLC 1s and MLC 1s/v ratio may contribute to the mechanical characteristics of slow skeletal muscle, along with MHC, MLC 2, and MLC 1 slow/fast isoforms ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gerzen
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Iulia Potoskueva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Veronika Votinova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ksenia Sergeeva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Tyganov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Tzybina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Huang S, Guo X, Xie JJ, Lau KYS, Liu R, Mak ADP, Cheung VCK, Chan RHM. Rectified Latent Variable Model-Based EMG Factorization of Inhibitory Muscle Synergy Components Related to Aging, Expertise and Force-Tempo Variations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2820. [PMID: 38732926 PMCID: PMC11086352 DOI: 10.3390/s24092820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Muscle synergy has been widely acknowledged as a possible strategy of neuromotor control, but current research has ignored the potential inhibitory components in muscle synergies. Our study aims to identify and characterize the inhibitory components within motor modules derived from electromyography (EMG), investigate the impact of aging and motor expertise on these components, and better understand the nervous system's adaptions to varying task demands. We utilized a rectified latent variable model (RLVM) to factorize motor modules with inhibitory components from EMG signals recorded from ten expert pianists when they played scales and pieces at different tempo-force combinations. We found that older participants showed a higher proportion of inhibitory components compared with the younger group. Senior experts had a higher proportion of inhibitory components on the left hand, and most inhibitory components became less negative with increased tempo or decreased force. Our results demonstrated that the inhibitory components in muscle synergies could be shaped by aging and expertise, and also took part in motor control for adapting to different conditions in complex tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subing Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.H.); (X.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.H.); (X.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Jodie J. Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.J.X.); (K.Y.S.L.); (V.C.K.C.)
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Y. S. Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.J.X.); (K.Y.S.L.); (V.C.K.C.)
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.H.); (X.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Arthur D. P. Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
| | - Vincent C. K. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.J.X.); (K.Y.S.L.); (V.C.K.C.)
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosa H. M. Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.H.); (X.G.); (R.L.)
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Morales PN, Coons AN, Koopman AJ, Patel S, Chase PB, Parvatiyar MS, Pinto JR. Post-translational modifications of vertebrate striated muscle myosin heavy chains. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38587113 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in regulating the function of many sarcomeric proteins, including myosin. Myosins comprise a family of motor proteins that play fundamental roles in cell motility in general and muscle contraction in particular. A myosin molecule consists of two myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) and two pairs of myosin light chains (MLCs); two MLCs are associated with the neck region of each MyHC's N-terminal head domain, while the two MyHC C-terminal tails form a coiled-coil that polymerizes with other MyHCs to form the thick filament backbone. Myosin undergoes extensive PTMs, and dysregulation of these PTMs may lead to abnormal muscle function and contribute to the development of myopathies and cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies have uncovered the significance of PTMs in regulating MyHC function and showed how these PTMs may provide additional modulation of contractile processes. Here, we discuss MyHC PTMs that have been biochemically and/or functionally studied in mammals' and rodents' striated muscle. We have identified hotspots or specific regions in three isoforms of myosin (MYH2, MYH6, and MYH7) where the prevalence of PTMs is more frequent and could potentially play a significant role in fine-tuning the activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nieto Morales
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Arianna N Coons
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Amelia J Koopman
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Sonu Patel
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - P Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle S Parvatiyar
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jose R Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Li Y, Feng Y, Chen X, He J, Luo Y, Yu B, Chen D, Huang Z. Dietary short-term supplementation of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract improves pork quality and promotes skeletal muscle fiber type conversion in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 210:109436. [PMID: 38266434 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant extracts are commonly used as feed additives to improve pork quality. However, due to their high cost, shortening the duration of supplement use can help reduce production costs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics of finishing pigs during the late stage of fattening, which was 30 days in our experimental design. The results indicated that short-term dietary supplementation of GSPE significantly reduced backfat thickness, but increased loin eye area and improved meat color and tenderness. Moreover, GSPE increased slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, while decreasing fast MyHC expression and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Additionally, GSPE increased the expression of Sirt1 and PGC-1α proteins in the LT muscle of finishing pigs and upregulated AMP-activated protein kinase α 1 (AMPKα1), AMPKα2, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) mRNA expression levels. These findings suggest that even during the late stage of fattening, GSPE treatment can regulate skeletal muscle fiber type transformation through the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby affecting the muscle quality of finishing pigs. Therefore, by incorporating GSPE into the diet of pigs during the late stage of fattening, producers can enhance pork quality while reducing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yadi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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9
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Park J, Moon SS, Song S, Cheng H, Im C, Du L, Kim GD. Comparative review of muscle fiber characteristics between porcine skeletal muscles. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:251-265. [PMID: 38628685 PMCID: PMC11016745 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Meat derived from skeletal muscles of animals is a highly nutritious type of food, and different meat types differ in nutritional, sensory, and quality properties. This study was conducted to compare the results of previous studies on the muscle fiber characteristics of major porcine skeletal muscles to the end of providing basic data for understanding differences in physicochemical and nutritional properties between different porcine muscle types (or meat cuts). Specifically, the muscle fiber characteristics between 19 major porcine skeletal muscles were compared. The muscle fibers that constitute porcine skeletal muscle can be classified into several types based on their contractile and metabolic characteristics. In addition, the muscle fiber characteristics, including size, composition, and density, of each muscle type were investigated and a technology based on these muscle fiber characteristics for improving meat quality or preventing quality deterioration was briefly discussed. This comparative review revealed that differences in muscle fiber characteristics are primarily responsible for the differences in quality between pork cuts (muscle types) and also suggested that data on muscle fiber characteristics can be used to develop optimal meat storage and packaging technologies for each meat cut (or muscle type).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Park
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Mgenic Bio, Anseong 17529,
Korea
| | - Sung Sil Moon
- Sunjin Technology & Research
Institute, Icheon 17332, Korea
| | - Sumin Song
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Huilin Cheng
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Choeun Im
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Lixin Du
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science &
Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
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Tsumori T, Tsumiyama W. Birth trauma simulated by vaginal distention induced possible irreversible changes in the composition of the fiber types in the external urethral sphincter of rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:385-394. [PMID: 37184304 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The external urethral sphincter (EUS) is crucial in urinary continence development. Understanding the morphological features of the EUS in female rats after vaginal distention (VD), using a model of birth trauma, would aid in evaluating its functional and metabolic properties. Our recent study demonstrated that the EUS in female rats expresses one slow (type 1) and two fast (types 2A and 2B) myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Our preliminary experiment revealed that type 2B isoform expression was markedly reduced in the EUS 4 weeks after VD. Here, we aimed to examine the expression patterns of these three types of MHC isoforms, and an embryonic MHC, a marker of regeneration fibers, in the EUS of rats 3 days and 1, 2, and 8 weeks after VD using immunofluorescence staining. Hence, type 2B fibers were selectively damaged early in post-VD and did not recover fully later. Muscle regeneration in the sphincter peaked 1 week after trauma using a marker of immature fibers, embryonic myosin heavy chain. Electron microscopy revealed that the EUS of female rats was composed of mitochondria-rich muscle fibers. Myoblasts or immature muscle fibers were discovered in the sphincter layer 1 week after trauma. These results suggest that myogenesis after VD may not contribute to restoring normal fiber composition in a female rat's EUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Tsumori
- Departments of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Japan
| | - Wakako Tsumiyama
- Departments of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Japan
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11
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Li B, Wang H, Zeng X, Liu S, Zhuang Z. Mitochondrial Homeostasis Regulating Mitochondrial Number and Morphology Is a Distinguishing Feature of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types in Marine Teleosts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1512. [PMID: 38338790 PMCID: PMC10855733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fishes' skeletal muscles are crucial for swimming and are differentiated into slow-twitch muscles (SM) and fast-twitch muscles (FM) based on physiological and metabolic properties. Consequently, mitochondrial characteristics (number and morphology) adapt to each fiber type's specific functional needs. However, the mechanisms governing mitochondrial adaptation to the specific bioenergetic requirements of each fiber type in teleosts remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the mitochondrial differences and mitochondrial homeostasis status (including biogenesis, autophagy, fission, and fusion) between SM and FM in teleosts using Takifugu rubripes as a representative model. Our findings reveal that SM mitochondria are more numerous and larger compared to FM. To adapt to the increased mitochondrial number and size, SM exhibit elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics (fission/fusion), yet show no differences in mitochondrial autophagy. Our study provides insights into the adaptive mechanisms shaping mitochondrial characteristics in teleost muscles. The abundance and elongation of mitochondria in SM are maintained through elevated mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and fission, suggesting an adaptive response to fulfill the bioenergetic demands of SM that rely extensively on OXPHOS in teleosts. Our findings enhance our understanding of mitochondrial adaptations in diverse muscle types among teleosts and shed light on the evolutionary strategies of bioenergetics in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (B.L.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (B.L.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (B.L.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shufang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (B.L.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (B.L.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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12
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Milhem F, Hamilton LM, Skates E, Wilson M, Johanningsmeier SD, Komarnytsky S. Biomarkers of Metabolic Adaptation to High Dietary Fats in a Mouse Model of Obesity Resistance. Metabolites 2024; 14:69. [PMID: 38276304 PMCID: PMC10819356 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-resistant (non-responder, NR) phenotypes that exhibit reduced susceptibility to developing obesity despite being exposed to high dietary fat are crucial in exploring the metabolic responses that protect against obesity. Although several efforts have been made to study them in mice and humans, the individual protective mechanisms are poorly understood. In this exploratory study, we used a polygenic C57BL/6J mouse model of diet-induced obesity to show that NR mice developed healthier fat/lean body mass ratios (0.43 ± 0.05) versus the obesity-prone (super-responder, SR) phenotypes (0.69 ± 0.07, p < 0.0001) by upregulating gene expression networks that promote the accumulation of type 2a, fast-twitch, oxidative muscle tissues. This was achieved in part by a metabolic adaptation in the form of blood glucose sparing, thus aggravating glucose tolerance. Resistance to obesity in NR mice was associated with 4.9-fold upregulated mitoferrin 1 (Slc25a37), an essential mitochondrial iron importer. SR mice also showed fecal volatile metabolite signatures of enhanced short-chain fatty acid metabolism, including increases in detrimental methyl formate and ethyl propionate, and these effects were reversed in NR mice. Continued research into obesity-resistant phenotypes can offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of obesity and metabolic health, potentially leading to more personalized and effective approaches for managing weight and related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Milhem
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, 317 Airport Road, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Leah M. Hamilton
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Emily Skates
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mickey Wilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Area, Food Science and Market Quality & Handling Research Unit, North Carolina State University, 322 Schaub Hall, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (F.M.); (E.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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13
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Grassi M, Von Der Straten F, Pearce C, Lee J, Mider M, Mittag U, Sies W, Mulder E, Daumer M, Rittweger J. Changes in real-world walking speed following 60-day bed-rest. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38216584 PMCID: PMC10786829 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore whether real-world walking speed (RWS) would change as a consequence of 60-day bed-rest. The main hypothesis was that daily RWS would decrease after the bed-rest, with a subsequent recovery during the first days of re-ambulation. Moreover, an exploratory analysis was done in order to understand whether there is an agreement between the loss in RWS after bed-rest and the loss in the maximum oxygen uptake capacity (VO2max), or the loss in maximal vertical jump power (JUMP) respectively. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a continuous artificial gravity group, an intermittent artificial gravity group, or a control group. The fitted linear mixed effects model showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) of RWS after the 60-day bed-rest and a subsequent increase (p < 0.001) of RWS during the 14-day recovery period in the study facility. No or little agreement was found between the loss in RWS and the loss in VO2max capacity or the loss in maximal vertical jumping power (RWS vs. VO2max: p = 0.81, RWS vs. JUMP: p = 0.173). Decreased RWS after bed-rest, with a follow-up recovery was observed for all three groups, regardless of the training intervention. This suggests that RWS, also in these settings, was able to reflect a de-conditioning and follow-up recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Grassi
- Sylvia Lawry Center for Multiple Sclerosis Research e.V., Munich, Germany
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fiona Von Der Straten
- TUM School for Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Pearce
- TUM School for Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Lee
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Mittag
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sies
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edwin Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Daumer
- Sylvia Lawry Center for Multiple Sclerosis Research e.V., Munich, Germany
- TUM School for Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Trium Analysis Online GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Komiya Y, Iseki S, Ochiai M, Takahashi Y, Yokoyama I, Suzuki T, Tatsumi R, Sawano S, Mizunoya W, Arihara K. Dietary oleic acid intake increases the proportion of type 1 and 2X muscle fibers in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:755. [PMID: 38191891 PMCID: PMC10774392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest metabolic tissues in mammals and is composed of four different types of muscle fibers (types 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B); however, type 2B is absent in humans. Given that slow-twitch fibers are superior to fast-twitch fibers in terms of oxidative metabolism and are rich in mitochondria, shift of muscle fiber types in direction towards slower fiber types improves metabolic disorders and endurance capacity. We previously had reported that oleic acid supplementation increases type 1 fiber formation in C2C12 myotubes; however, its function still remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of oleic acid on the muscle fiber types and endurance capacity. An in vivo mouse model was used, and mice were fed a 10% oleic acid diet for 4 weeks. Two different skeletal muscles, slow soleus muscle with the predominance of slow-twitch fibers and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle with the predominance of fast-twitch fibers, were used. We found that dietary oleic acid intake improved running endurance and altered fiber type composition of muscles, the proportion of type 1 and 2X fibers increased in the soleus muscle and type 2X increased in the EDL muscle. The fiber type shift in the EDL muscle was accompanied by an increased muscle TAG content. In addition, blood triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acid levels decreased during exercise. These changes suggested that lipid utilization as an energy substrate was enhanced by oleic acid. Increased proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β protein levels were observed in the EDL muscle, which potentially enhanced the fiber type transitions towards type 2X and muscle TAG content. In conclusion, dietary oleic acid intake improved running endurance with the changes of muscle fiber type shares in mice. This study elucidated a novel functionality of oleic acid in skeletal muscle fiber types. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our findings have the potential to contribute to the field of health and sports science through nutritional approaches, such as the development of supplements aimed at improving muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Komiya
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan.
| | - Shugo Iseki
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Masaru Ochiai
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Nutritional Physiology, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Yume Takahashi
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Issei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Muscle and Meat Science, Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoko Sawano
- Laboratory of Food Health Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Laboratory of Food Science, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
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15
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Eom JU, Seo JK, y KJ, Song S, Kim GD, Yang HS. Comparison of Chemical Composition, Quality, and Muscle Fiber Characteristics between Cull Sows and Commercial Pigs: The Relationship between Pork Quality Based on Muscle Fiber Characteristics. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:87-102. [PMID: 38229854 PMCID: PMC10789559 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the chemical composition, quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of cull sows and commercial pigs, investigating the effect of changes in muscle fiber characteristics on pork quality. The proximate composition, color, pH, water-holding capacity (drip loss and cooking loss), protein solubility, total collagen content, and muscle fiber characteristics of cull sows (n=20) and commercial pigs (n=20) pork were compared. No significant differences were found between cull sows and commercial pigs in terms of proximate composition, drip loss, protein solubility, or total collagen content of their meat (p<0.05). However, cull sow pork exhibited a red color and a higher pH (p<0.05). This appears to be the result of changes in muscle fiber number and area composition (p<0.05). Cull sow meat also displayed better water-holding capacity as evident in a smaller cooking loss (p<0.05), which may be related to an increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area (p<0.05). In conclusion, muscle fiber composition influences the pork quality; cull sow pork retains more moisture when cooked, resulting in minimal physical loss during processing and can offer more processing suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Uk Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science
(BK21four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science
(BK21four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Kang-Jin y
- Division of Applied Life Science
(BK21four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Sumin Song
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Han-Sul Yang
- Division of Applied Life Science
(BK21four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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16
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Blemker SS, Brooks SV, Esser KA, Saul KR. Fiber-type traps: revisiting common misconceptions about skeletal muscle fiber types with application to motor control, biomechanics, physiology, and biology. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:109-121. [PMID: 37994416 PMCID: PMC11212792 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00337.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly complex tissue that is studied by scientists from a wide spectrum of disciplines, including motor control, biomechanics, exercise science, physiology, cell biology, genetics, regenerative medicine, orthopedics, and engineering. Although this diversity in perspectives has led to many important discoveries, historically, there has been limited overlap in discussions across fields. This has led to misconceptions and oversimplifications about muscle biology that can create confusion and potentially slow scientific progress across fields. The purpose of this synthesis paper is to bring together research perspectives across multiple muscle fields to identify common assumptions related to muscle fiber type that are points of concern to clarify. These assumptions include 1) classification by myosin isoform and fiber oxidative capacity is equivalent, 2) fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) is a surrogate marker for myosin isoform or oxidative capacity, and 3) muscle force-generating capacity can be inferred from myosin isoform. We address these three fiber-type traps and provide some context for how these misunderstandings can and do impact experimental design, computational modeling, and interpretations of findings, from the perspective of a range of fields. We stress the dangers of generalizing findings about "muscle fiber types" among muscles or across species or sex, and we note the importance for precise use of common terminology across the muscle fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Blemker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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17
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Lv C, Huang Y, Yan R, Gao Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces the migration of human airway smooth muscle cells by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:505. [PMID: 38093231 PMCID: PMC10720058 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling due to increased airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) mass, likely due to enhanced proliferation, hypertrophy, and migration, has been proven to be highly correlated with decreased lung function in asthma patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates vascular and extravascular remodeling and inflammation and has been proven to be involved in the progression of asthma. Previous studies have focused on the effects of VEGF on ASMC proliferation, but few researchers have focused on the effects of VEGF on human ASMC migration. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of VEGF on the migration of ASMCs and its related signaling pathway mechanism to provide evidence for the treatment of airway remodeling. METHODS We examined the effects of VEGF induction on ASMC migration and explored the mechanisms involved in ASMC migration. RESULTS We found by wound healing and Transwell assays that VEGF promoted ASMC migration. Through the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) experiment, we found that VEGF had no significant effect on the proliferation of ASMCs, which excluded the involvement of cell proliferation in the process of wound healing. Moreover, a cellular immunofluorescence assay showed that VEGF promoted F-actin reorganization, and Western blotting showed that VEGF improved RhoA activation and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit-1 (MYPT1) and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in ASMCs. Treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 significantly attenuated the effects of VEGF on MYPT1/MLC activation and cell migration. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results suggest that the promigratory function of VEGF activates the RhoA/ROCK pathway, induces F-actin reorganization, improves the migration of ASMCs, and provides a better rationale for targeting the RhoA/ROCK pathway for therapeutic approaches in airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtian Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruirong Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Lv ST, Gao K, Choe HM, Jin ZY, Chang SY, Quan BH, Yin XJ. Effects of myostatin gene knockout on porcine extraocular muscles. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2150-2158. [PMID: 35658834 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2077741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, is not well known in extraocular muscles (EOMs). EOMs are specialized skeletal muscles. Hence, in this study, the effect of MSTN on the superior rectus (SR) and superior oblique (SO) of 2-month-old MSTN knockout (MSTN-/-) and wild-type (WT) pigs of the same genotype was investigated. SR (P < 0.01) and SO (P < 0.001) fiber cross-sectional areas of MSTN-/- pigs were significantly larger than those of WT pigs. Compared with WT pigs, MSTN-/- SO displayed a decrease in type I fibers (WT: 27.24%, MSTN-/-: 10.32%, P < 0.001). Type IIb fibers were higher in MSTN-/- pigs than in WT pigs (WT: 30.38%, MSTN-/-: 62.24%, P < 0.001). The trend in SR was the same as that in SO, although the trend in SO was greater than that in SR. The expression of myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) and myogenic (MyoG) showed a significant increase in MSTN-/- SO (about 2.5-fold and 2-fold, respectively at the gene expression level, about 1.5-fold at the protein level) compared with WT pigs. MSTN plays an important role in the development of EOMs and regulates the muscle fiber type by modulating the gene expression of MyoD and MyoG in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tong Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hak Myong Choe
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Biao-Hu Quan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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19
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Koh ES, Lim JY. Impacts of whole-body vibration on denervated skeletal-muscle atrophy in rats. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2579-2587. [PMID: 37132369 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body vibration has been considered as a countermeasure against muscle atrophy. However, its effects on muscle atrophy are poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of whole-body vibration on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. Whole-body vibration was performed on rats from Day 15 to 28 after denervation injury. Motor performance was evaluated using an inclined-plane test. Compound muscle action potentials of the tibial nerve were examined. Muscle wet weight and muscle fiber cross-sectional area were measured. Myosin heavy chain isoforms were analyzed in both muscle homogenates and single myofibers. Whole-body vibration resulted in a significantly decreased inclination angle and muscle weight, but not muscle fiber cross-sectional area of fast-twitch gastrocnemius compared to denervation only. In denervated gastrocnemius, a fast-to-slow shift was observed in myosin heavy chain isoform composition following whole-body vibration. There were no significant changes in muscle weight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and myosin heavy chain isoform composition in denervated slow-twitch soleus. These results imply that whole-body vibration does not promote recovery of denervation-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Koh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Perez ÉS, Duran BOS, Zanella BTT, Dal-Pai-Silva M. Review: Understanding fish muscle biology in the indeterminate growth species pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 285:111502. [PMID: 37572733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The muscle phenotype of fish is regulated by numerous factors that, although widely explored, still need to be fully understood. In this context, several studies aimed to unravel how internal and external stimuli affect the muscle growth of these vertebrates. The pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a species of indeterminate muscular growth that quickly reaches high body weight. For this reason, it adds great importance to the productive sector, along with other round fish. In this context, we aimed to compile studies on fish biology and skeletal muscle growth, focusing on studies by our research group that used pacu as an experimental model along with other species. Based on these studies, new muscle phenotype regulators were identified and explored in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies, which strongly contribute to advances in understanding muscle growth mechanisms with future applications in the productive sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Stefani Perez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Oliveira Silva Duran
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Tereza Thomazini Zanella
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Chen Y, Lan C, Zhong W, Song K, Ma Z, Huang L, Zhu Y, Xia H. Plasma anti-myosin autoantibodies in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:5203-5210. [PMID: 37715022 PMCID: PMC10640473 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess whether autoantibodies can be used as biomarkers for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and applied for its early diagnosis. A prospective observational study was conducted in neonates with suspected NEC abdominal distension (the developmental study), which consisted of 50 neonates finally divided into NEC (n = 24) and non-NEC (n = 26) cohorts based on follow-up results. Serum samples were collected within 48 h of illness onset and used for screening NEC-associated plasma autoantibodies by autoantigen microarray. Additionally, we validated anti-myosin autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an independent validation study, for which we selected plasma samples within 48 h of onset of NEC (n = 38) and samples of gestational age- and weight-matched controls (n = 13). Autoantigen microarray revealed that both IgG and IgM anti-myosin autoantibodies in plasma from neonates with NEC were significantly higher than those in neonates with other diagnoses. ELISA showed that plasma anti-myosin autoantibodies increased in the NEC cohort, with 1.5-fold higher levels than in the non-NEC cohort. Anti-myosin autoantibodies were able to distinguish NEC from non-NEC, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8856 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7918-0.9795), with sensitivity of 81.58% and specificity of 76.93%. Plasma anti-myosin autoantibodies were significantly higher in all three subtypes of NEC (P < 0.0001 for NEC I; P = 0.0018 for NEC II; P = 0.0011 for NEC III), especially in NEC stage I than that in the non-NEC controls. CONCLUSION Anti-myosin autoantibodies may be applied as a promising diagnostic marker for NEC, especially for NEC stage I. WHAT IS KNOWN • Intestinal damage and self-antigen exposure may lead to increased autoantibodies, and they are widely used as biomarkers for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease. • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease with overwhelming inflammation and immune dysregulation. WHAT IS NEW • Increased autoantibodies were present in patients with NEC, even before typical X-ray manifestations. • Anti-myosin autoantibodies may be applied as a promising diagnostic marker for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510630, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoting Lan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China
| | - Weiyong Zhong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China
| | - Kai Song
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China
| | - Zuyi Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China.
| | - Yun Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China.
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510630, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Diseaseand, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CN 510623, China.
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22
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Strausz T, Strausz S, Palotie T, Ahlberg J, Ollila HM. Genetic analysis of probable sleep bruxism and its associations with clinical and behavioral traits. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad107. [PMID: 37140068 PMCID: PMC10566239 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep bruxism (SB) can cause damage on teeth, headache and severe pain affecting both sleep and daily functioning. Yet despite the growing interest into bruxism, the underlying clinically relevant biological mechanisms remain unresolved. The aim of our study was to understand biological mechanisms and clinical correlates of SB including previously reported disease associations. METHODS We used data from the FinnGen release R9 (N = 377 277 individuals) that are linked with Finnish hospital and primary care registries. We identified 12 297 (3.26%) individuals with International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes used for SB. In addition, we used logistic regression to examine the association between probable SB and its clinically diagnosed risk factors and comorbidities using ICD-10 codes. Furthermore, we examined medication purchases using prescription registry. Finally, we performed the first genome-wide association analysis for probable SB and computed genetic correlations using questionnaire, lifestyle, and clinical traits. RESULTS The genome-wide association analysis revealed one significant association: rs10193179 intronic to Myosin IIIB (MYO3B) gene. In addition, we observed phenotypic associations and high genetic correlations with pain diagnoses, sleep apnea, reflux disease, upper respiratory diseases, psychiatric traits, and also their related medications such as antidepressants and sleep medication (p < 1e-4 for each trait). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a large-scale genetic framework to understand risk factors for SB and suggests potential biological mechanisms. Furthermore, our work strengthens the important earlier work that highlights SB as a trait that is associated with multiple axes of health. As part of this study, we provide genome-wide summary statistics that we hope will be useful for the scientific community studying SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Strausz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Strausz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Tuula Palotie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Ahlberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sherman DA, Rush J, Stock MS, D. Ingersoll C, E. Norte G. Neural drive and motor unit characteristics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: implications for quadriceps weakness. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16261. [PMID: 37818333 PMCID: PMC10561646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to compare the quality of neural drive and recruited quadriceps motor units' (MU) action potential amplitude (MUAPAMP) and discharge rate (mean firing rate (MFR)) relative to recruitment threshold (RT) between individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and controls. Methods Fourteen individuals with ACLR and 13 matched controls performed trapezoidal knee extensor contractions at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Decomposition electromyography (dEMG) and torque were recorded concurrently. The Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) and central activation ratio (CAR) were acquired bilaterally to detail the proportion of MU pool available and volitionally activated. We examined MUAPAMP-RT and MFR-RT relationships with linear regression and extracted the regression line slope, y-intercept, and RT range for each contraction. Linear mixed effect modelling used to analyze the effect of group and limb on regression line slope and RT range. Results Individuals with ACLR demonstrated lower MVIC torque in the involved limb compared to uninvolved limb. There were no differences in H-reflex or CAR between groups or limbs. The ACLR involved limb demonstrated smaller mass-normalized RT range and slower MU firing rates at high contraction intensities (70% and 100% MVIC) compared to uninvolved and control limbs. The ACLR involved limb also demonstrated larger MU action potentials in the VM compared to the contralateral limb. These differences were largely attenuated with relative RT normalization. Conclusions These results suggest that persistent strength deficits following ACLR may be attributable to a diminished quadriceps motor neuron pool and inability to upregulate the firing rate of recruited MUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Sherman
- Live4 Physical Therapy and Wellness, Acton, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Justin Rush
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matt S. Stock
- Cognition, Neuroplasticity, & Sarcopenia (CNS) Lab, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Ingersoll
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Grant E. Norte
- Cognition, Neuroplasticity, & Sarcopenia (CNS) Lab, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
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24
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Sietsema KE, Rossiter HB. Exercise Physiology and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:661-680. [PMID: 37429332 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic, or endurance, exercise is an energy requiring process supported primarily by energy from oxidative adenosine triphosphate synthesis. The consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide in muscle cells are dynamically linked to oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and carbon dioxide output (V̇CO2) at the lung by integrated functions of cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematologic, and neurohumoral systems. Maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) is the standard expression of aerobic capacity and a predictor of outcomes in diverse populations. While commonly limited in young fit individuals by the capacity to deliver oxygen to exercising muscle, (V̇O2max) may become limited by impairment within any of the multiple systems supporting cellular or atmospheric gas exchange. In the range of available power outputs, endurance exercise can be partitioned into different intensity domains representing distinct metabolic profiles and tolerances for sustained activity. Estimates of both V̇O2max and the lactate threshold, which marks the upper limit of moderate-intensity exercise, can be determined from measures of gas exchange from respired breath during whole-body exercise. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) includes measurement of V̇O2 and V̇CO2 along with heart rate and other variables reflecting cardiac and pulmonary responses to exercise. Clinical CPET is conducted for persons with known medical conditions to quantify impairment, contribute to prognostic assessments, and help discriminate among proximal causes of symptoms or limitations for an individual. CPET is also conducted in persons without known disease as part of the diagnostic evaluation of unexplained symptoms. Although CPET quantifies a limited sample of the complex functions and interactions underlying exercise performance, both its specific and global findings are uniquely valuable. Some specific findings can aid in individualized diagnosis and treatment decisions. At the same time, CPET provides a holistic summary of an individual's exercise function, including effects not only of the primary diagnosis, but also of secondary and coexisting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy E Sietsema
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California
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Zhang J, Li J, Liu Y, Liang R, Mao Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Effect of resveratrol on skeletal slow-twitch muscle fiber expression via AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway in bovine myotubes. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109287. [PMID: 37490793 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of resveratrol on slow-twitch muscle fiber expression in bovine myotubes. The results revealed that resveratrol enhanced slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and suppressed fast MyHC protein expression, accompanied by increased MyHC I/IIa and decreased MyHC IIx/IIb mRNA levels in bovine myotubes (P < 0.05). Resveratrol also enhanced the activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, but reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein and gene expression of AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC-1α were upregulated by resveratrol (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PGC-1α inhibitor SR-18292 could attenuate resveratrol-induced muscle fiber conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch. These results suggest that resveratrol might promote muscle fiber type transition from fast-twitch to slow-twitch through the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis in bovine myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jiqiang Li
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yunge Liu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Liu H, He J, Yuan Z, Xie K, He Z, Zhou X, Wang M, He J. Metabolomics Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Difference in Meat Quality between Different Pig Breeds. Foods 2023; 12:3476. [PMID: 37761184 PMCID: PMC10528157 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chuanzang black (CB) pig is a new crossbred between Chinese local breeds and modern breeds. Here, we investigated the growth performance, plasma indexes, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics of conventional DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbreed and CB pigs. The LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics of pork from DLY and CB pigs, as well as the relationship between the changes in the metabolic spectrum and meat quality, were analyzed. In this study, CB pigs presented lower final body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, and eye muscle area than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Conversely, the ratio of feed to gain, marbling score, and meat color score of longissimus dorsi (LD) were higher in CB than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, psoas major (PM) showed a higher meat color score and a lower cooking loss in CB than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Interestingly, CB pigs showed lower myofiber diameter and area but higher myofiber density than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of MyHC I, PPARδ, MEF2C, NFATC1, and AMPKα1 were higher in CB than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Importantly, a total of 753 metabolites were detected in the two tissues (e.g., psoas major and longissimus dorsi) of CB and DLY pigs, of which the difference in metabolite profiles in psoas major between crossbreeds was greater than that in longissimus dorsi. Specifically, palmitic acid, stearic acid, L-aspartic acid, corticosterone, and tetrahydrocorticosterone were the most relevant metabolites of psoas major meat quality, and tetrahydrocorticosterone, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, arachidic acid, erucic acid, and 13Z,16Z-docosadienoic acid in longissimus dorsi meat were positively correlated with meat quality. The most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in psoas major and longissimus dorsi pork were galactose metabolism and purine metabolism, respectively. These results not only indicated improved meat quality in CB pigs as compared to DLY pigs but may also assist in rational target selection for nutritional intervention or genetic breeding in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zehong Yuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Kunhong Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zongze He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Man Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jian He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
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Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Tyganov SA, Zaripova KA, Belova SP, Kostrominova TY, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. The Effect of SERCA Activation on Functional Characteristics and Signaling of Rat Soleus Muscle upon 7 Days of Unloading. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1354. [PMID: 37759754 PMCID: PMC10526198 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle abnormalities and atrophy during unloading are accompanied by the accumulation of excess calcium in the sarcoplasm. We hypothesized that calcium accumulation may occur, among other mechanisms, due to the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Consequently, the use of the SERCA activator will reduce the level of calcium in the sarcoplasm and prevent the negative consequences of muscle unloading. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups (eight rats per group): control rats with placebo (C), 7 days of unloading/hindlimb suspension with placebo (7HS), and 7 days of unloading treated with SERCA activator CDN1163 (7HSC). After seven days of unloading the soleus muscle, the 7HS group displayed increased fatigue in the ex vivo test, a significant increase in the level of calcium-dependent CaMK II phosphorylation and the level of tropomyosin oxidation, as well as a decrease in the content of mitochondrial DNA and protein, slow-type myosin mRNA, and the percentage of slow-type muscle fibers. All of these changes were prevented in the 7HSC group. Moreover, treatment with CDN1163 blocked a decrease in the phosphorylation of p70S6k, an increase in eEF2 phosphorylation, and an increase in MuRF-1 mRNA expression. Nevertheless, there were no differences in the degree of fast and slow muscle fiber atrophy between the 7HS and 7HSC groups. Conclusion: SERCA activation during 7 days of unloading prevented an increase in soleus fatigue, the decrease of slow-type myosin, mitochondrial markers, and markers of calcium homeostasis but had no effect on muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Irina D. Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ksenia A. Zaripova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Svetlana P. Belova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana Y. Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana L. Nemirovskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
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28
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Olmos AA, Sterczala AJ, Parra ME, Dimmick HL, Miller JD, Deckert JA, Sontag SA, Gallagher PM, Fry AC, Herda TJ, Trevino MA. Sex-related differences in motor unit behavior are influenced by myosin heavy chain during high- but not moderate-intensity contractions. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14024. [PMID: 37551144 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Motor unit recruitment and firing rate patterns of the vastus lateralis (VL) have not been compared between sexes during moderate- and high-intensity contraction intensities. Additionally, the influence of fiber composition on potential sex-related differences remains unquantified. METHODS Eleven males and 11 females performed 40% and 70% maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals recorded from the VL were decomposed. Recruitment thresholds (RTs), MU action potential amplitudes (MUAPAMP ), initial firing rates (IFRs), mean firing rates (MFRs), and normalized EMG amplitude (N-EMGRMS ) at steady torque were analyzed. Y-intercepts and slopes were calculated for MUAPAMP , IFR, and MFR versus RT relationships. Type I myosin heavy chain isoform (MHC) was determined with muscle biopsies. RESULTS There were no sex-related differences in MU characteristics at 40% MVC. At 70% MVC, males exhibited greater slopes (p = 0.002) for the MUAPAMP , whereas females displayed greater slopes (p = 0.001-0.007) for the IFR and MFR versus RT relationships. N-EMGRMS at 70% MVC was greater for females (p < 0.001). Type I %MHC was greater for females (p = 0.006), and was correlated (p = 0.018-0.031) with the slopes for the MUAPAMP , IFR, and MFR versus RT relationships at 70% MVC (r = -0.599-0.585). CONCLUSION Both sexes exhibited an inverse relationship between MU firing rates and recruitment thresholds. However, the sex-related differences in MU recruitment and firing rate patterns and N-EMGRMS at 70% MVC were likely due to greater type I% MHC and smaller twitch forces of the higher threshold MUs for the females. Evidence is provided that muscle fiber composition may explain divergent MU behavior between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Olmos
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Adam J Sterczala
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mandy E Parra
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah L Dimmick
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Miller
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jake A Deckert
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sontag
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Philip M Gallagher
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory - Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Trent J Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael A Trevino
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Celikkin N, Presutti D, Maiullari F, Volpi M, Promovych Y, Gizynski K, Dolinska J, Wiśniewska A, Opałło M, Paradiso A, Rinoldi C, Fuoco C, Swieszkowski W, Bearzi C, Rizzi R, Gargioli C, Costantini M. Combining rotary wet-spinning biofabrication and electro-mechanical stimulation for the in vitroproduction of functional myo-substitutes. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045012. [PMID: 37473749 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ace934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present an innovative, high-throughput rotary wet-spinning biofabrication method for manufacturing cellularized constructs composed of highly-aligned hydrogel fibers. The platform is supported by an innovative microfluidic printing head (MPH) bearing a crosslinking bath microtank with a co-axial nozzle placed at the bottom of it for the immediate gelation of extruded core/shell fibers. After a thorough characterization and optimization of the new MPH and the fiber deposition parameters, we demonstrate the suitability of the proposed system for thein vitroengineering of functional myo-substitutes. The samples produced through the described approach were first characterizedin vitroand then used as a substrate to ascertain the effects of electro-mechanical stimulation on myogenic maturation. Of note, we found a characteristic gene expression modulation of fast (MyH1), intermediate (MyH2), and slow (MyH7) twitching myosin heavy chain isoforms, depending on the applied stimulation protocol. This feature should be further investigated in the future to biofabricate engineered myo-substitutes with specific functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehar Celikkin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fabio Maiullari
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Volpi
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yurii Promovych
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Gizynski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Dolinska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Opałło
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessia Paradiso
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Lu W, Feng W, Lai J, Yuan D, Xiao W, Li Y. Role of adipokines in sarcopenia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1794-1804. [PMID: 37442757 PMCID: PMC10406092 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. At the same time, the body fat content increases with aging, especially the visceral fat content. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes biologically active factors called adipokines, which act on local and distant tissues. Studies have revealed that some adipokines exert regulatory effects on muscle, such as higher serum leptin levels causing a decrease in muscle function and adiponectin inhibits the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) by activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) and sensitizing cells to insulin, thereby repressing atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 [MuRF1]) to prevent the loss of muscle mass. Here, we describe the effects on muscle of adipokines produced by adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, mucin and lipocalin-2, and discuss the importance of these adipokines for understanding the development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jieyu Lai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dongliang Yuan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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31
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Mechtenberg M, Schneider A. A method for the estimation of a motor unit innervation zone center position evaluated with a computational sEMG model. Front Neurorobot 2023; 17:1179224. [PMID: 37483540 PMCID: PMC10359103 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1179224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Motion predictions for limbs can be performed using commonly called Hill-based muscle models. For this type of models, a surface electromyogram (sEMG) of the muscle serves as an input signal for the activation of the muscle model. However, the Hill model needs additional information about the mechanical system state of the muscle (current length, velocity, etc.) for a reliable prediction of the muscle force generation and, hence, the prediction of the joint motion. One feature that contains potential information about the state of the muscle is the position of the center of the innervation zone. This feature can be further extracted from the sEMG. To find the center, a wavelet-based algorithm is proposed that localizes motor unit potentials in the individual channels of a single-column sEMG array and then identifies innervation point candidates. In the final step, these innervation point candidates are clustered in a density-based manner. The center of the largest cluster is the estimated center of the innervation zone. The algorithm has been tested in a simulation. For this purpose, an sEMG simulator was developed and implemented that can compute large motor units (1,000's of muscle fibers) quickly (within seconds on a standard PC).
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32
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Bahn YJ, Yadav H, Piaggi P, Abel BS, Gavrilova O, Springer DA, Papazoglou I, Zerfas PM, Skarulis MC, McPherron AC, Rane SG. CDK4-E2F3 signals enhance oxidative skeletal muscle fiber numbers and function to affect myogenesis and metabolism. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162479. [PMID: 37395281 DOI: 10.1172/jci162479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how skeletal muscle fiber proportions are regulated is vital to understanding muscle function. Oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers differ in their contractile ability, mitochondrial activity, and metabolic properties. Fiber-type proportions vary in normal physiology and disease states, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In human skeletal muscle, we observed that markers of oxidative fibers and mitochondria correlated positively with expression levels of PPARGC1A and CDK4 and negatively with expression levels of CDKN2A, a locus significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Mice expressing a constitutively active Cdk4 that cannot bind its inhibitor p16INK4a, a product of the CDKN2A locus, were protected from obesity and diabetes. Their muscles exhibited increased oxidative fibers, improved mitochondrial properties, and enhanced glucose uptake. In contrast, loss of Cdk4 or skeletal muscle-specific deletion of Cdk4's target, E2F3, depleted oxidative myofibers, deteriorated mitochondrial function, and reduced exercise capacity, while increasing diabetes susceptibility. E2F3 activated the mitochondrial sensor PPARGC1A in a Cdk4-dependent manner. CDK4, E2F3, and PPARGC1A levels correlated positively with exercise and fitness and negatively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation in human and rodent muscle. All together, these findings provide mechanistic insight into regulation of skeletal muscle fiber-specification that is of relevance to metabolic and muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Bahn
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Brent S Abel
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | | | - Ioannis Papazoglou
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Monica C Skarulis
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra C McPherron
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sushil G Rane
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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33
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Hoh JFY. Developmental, physiologic and phylogenetic perspectives on the expression and regulation of myosin heavy chains in mammalian skeletal muscles. J Comp Physiol B 2023:10.1007/s00360-023-01499-0. [PMID: 37277594 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of myosin controls the speed and power of muscle contraction. Mammalian skeletal muscles express twelve kinetically different myosin heavy chain (MyHC) genes which provides a wide range of muscle speeds to meet different functional demands. Myogenic progenitors from diverse craniofacial and somitic mesoderm specify muscle allotypes with different repertoires for MyHC expression. This review provides a brief synopsis on the historical and current views on how cell lineage, neural impulse patterns, and thyroid hormone influence MyHC gene expression in muscles of the limb allotype during development and in adult life and the molecular mechanisms thereof. During somitic myogenesis, embryonic and foetal myoblast lineages form slow and fast primary and secondary myotube ontotypes which respond differently to postnatal neural and thyroidal influences to generate fully differentiated fibre phenotypes. Fibres of a given phenotype may arise from myotubes of different ontotypes which retain their capacity to respond differently to neural and thyroidal influences during postnatal life. This gives muscles physiological plasticity to adapt to fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels and patterns of use. The kinetics of MyHC isoforms vary inversely with animal body mass. Fast 2b fibres are specifically absent in muscles involved in elastic energy saving in hopping marsupials and generally absent in large eutherian mammals. Changes in MyHC expression are viewed in the context of the physiology of the whole animal. The roles of myoblast lineage and thyroid hormone in regulating MyHC gene expression are phylogenetically the most ancient while that of neural impulse patterns the most recent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Foon Yoong Hoh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- , PO Box 152, Killara, NSW, 2071, Australia.
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34
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Walter LD, Orton JL, Hannah Fong EH, Maymi VI, Rudd BD, Elisseeff JH, Cosgrove BD. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle regeneration across mouse lifespan identifies altered stem cell states associated with senescence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542370. [PMID: 37292698 PMCID: PMC10245980 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is driven by the interaction of myogenic and non-myogenic cells. In aging, regeneration is impaired due to dysfunctions of myogenic and non-myogenic cells, but this is not understood comprehensively. We collected an integrated atlas of 273,923 single-cell transcriptomes from muscles of young, old, and geriatric mice (~5, 20, 26 months-old) at six time-points following myotoxin injury. We identified eight cell types, including T and NK cells and macrophage subtypes, that displayed accelerated or delayed response dynamics between ages. Through pseudotime analysis, we observed myogenic cell states and trajectories specific to old and geriatric ages. To explain these age differences, we assessed cellular senescence by scoring experimentally derived and curated gene-lists. This pointed to an elevation of senescent-like subsets specifically within the self-renewing muscle stem cells in aged muscles. This resource provides a holistic portrait of the altered cellular states underlying skeletal muscle regenerative decline across mouse lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D. Walter
- Genetics, Genomics and Development Graduate Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jessica L. Orton
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Viviana I. Maymi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian D. Rudd
- Genetics, Genomics and Development Graduate Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Cosgrove
- Genetics, Genomics and Development Graduate Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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35
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Bahrami F, Fathi M, Ahmadvand H, Pajohi N. Endurance training changes the expression of miR-1 and miR-133 and predicted genes in slow and fast twitch muscles. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 108:104929. [PMID: 36645970 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH Endurance training can modify signaling and gene expression pathways that play a pivotal role in determining the phenotype of the fibers. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training on the expression of some myomiRs and related genes in slow and fast twitch muscles. METHODS Twenty healthy male adult Wistar rats (281 ± 14 g) were randomized to either control (n = 10) or treated (n = 10). The treated group performed an endurance program for eight weeks (running on a treadmill for eight weeks, 50 min, 23 m/min). After the end of the training protocol, the slow (soleus) and fast (EDL) twitch muscles were removed to assess the miR-1, miR-133 expression, and hdac4, mef2c genes, and protein by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS The soleus muscle miR-1 expression and mef2c gene in the treated group were significantly lower compared control (p = 0.0001). In contrast, miR-133 and hdac4 gene expression of the soleus muscle of the treated group increased significantly (p = 0001), and the EDL miR-133 and mef2c expression of the treated group increased in the compared control group (p = 0.0001). The EDL MEF2c protein expression in the treated group significantly decreased compared to the control group, although the expression of EDL HDAC4 protein significantly increased (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Endurance training changes the expression of the miR-1, miR-133, and their predicted genes in slow and fast twitch muscles. Also, the rate of HDAC4 and MEF2c protein synthesis, which are upstream and downstream of these myomiRs, was affected by endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Bahrami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorammabad, Iran
| | - Naser Pajohi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorammabad, Iran
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36
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Redmond AK, Davies TM, Schofield MR, Sheard PW. New tools for the investigation of muscle fiber-type spatial distributions across histological sections. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 37087439 PMCID: PMC10122286 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional and metabolic properties of skeletal muscles are partly a function of the spatial arrangement of fibers across the muscle belly. Many muscles feature a non-uniform spatial pattern of fiber types, and alterations to the arrangement can reflect age or disease and correlate with changes in muscle mass and strength. Despite the significance of this event, descriptions of spatial fiber-type distributions across a muscle section are mainly provided qualitatively, by eye. Whilst several quantitative methods have been proposed, difficulties in implementation have meant that robust statistical analysis of fiber type distributions has not yielded new insight into the biological processes that drive the age- or disease-related changes in fiber type distributions. METHODS We review currently available approaches for analysis of data reporting fast/slow fiber type distributions on muscle sections before proposing a new method based on a generalized additive model. We compare current approaches with our new method by analysis of sections of three mouse soleus muscles that exhibit visibly different spatial fiber patterns, and we also apply our model to a dataset representing the fiber type proportions and distributions of the mouse tibialis anterior. RESULTS We highlight how current methods can lead to differing interpretations when applied to the same dataset and demonstrate how our new method is the first to permit location-based estimation of fiber-type probabilities, in turn enabling useful graphical representation. CONCLUSIONS We present an open-access online application that implements current methods as well as our new method and which aids the interpretation of a variety of statistical tools for the spatial analysis of muscle fiber distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Redmond
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Tilman M Davies
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew R Schofield
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Philip W Sheard
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
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37
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Kong L, Fang Y, Du M, Wang Y, He H, Liu Z. Gαi2 regulates the adult myogenesis of masticatory muscle satellite cells. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1239-1249. [PMID: 36977201 PMCID: PMC10148056 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although similar to trunk and limb skeletal muscles, masticatory muscles are believed as unique in both developmental origins and myogenesis. Gαi2 has been demonstrated to promote muscle hypertrophy and muscle satellite cell differentiation in limb muscles. However, the effect of Gαi2 on masticatory muscles is still unexplored. This study aimed to identify the role of Gαi2 in the proliferation and differentiation of masticatory muscle satellite cells, further exploring the metabolic mechanism of masticatory muscles. The proliferation rate, myotube size, fusion index of masticatory muscle satellite cells and Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, Tcf21 and Musculin expressions were significantly decreased by Gαi2 knockdown, while in cells infected with AdV4-Gαi2, the proliferation rate, myotube size, fusion index and Tbx1 expression were significantly increased. Masticatory muscle satellite cells also displayed phenotype transformation as Gαi2 changed. In addition, Gαi2 altered myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms of myotubes with less MyHC-2A expression in siGαi2 group and more MyHC-slow expression in AdV4-Gαi2 group. In conclusion, Gαi2 could positively affect the adult myogenesis of masticatory muscle satellite cells and maintain the superiority of MyHC-slow. Masticatory muscle satellite cells may have their unique Gαi2-regulated myogenic transcriptional networks, although they may share some common characteristics with trunk and limb muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Fang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Jung YK, Lee S, Yoo JI, Baek KW. The protective effect of IL-12/23 neutralizing antibody in sarcopenia associated with dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1096-1106. [PMID: 36872597 PMCID: PMC10067489 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The improvement of colitis symptoms by treatment with IL-12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody should increase the muscle mass and the function of the sarcopenia phenotype. METHODS An experimental colitis model was induced by oral administration of 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. During induction of colitis, IL-12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody was injected twice on Days 3 and 5. The total body mass index was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The muscle function was measured by forelimb grip strength and fatigue running distance. The muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) was calculated after the transverse section and haematoxylin and eosin staining, and gene expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Differentiated C2C12 cells were used as in vitro models and treated with recombinant IL12/23 proteins to mimic the enhanced cytokines in colitis. RESULTS The symptoms of colitis were alleviated by injection of IL-12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the disease activity index score was significantly lower on Day 8 (0.0 ± 0.00 of cont. vs. 11.3 ± 0.9 of DSS + PBS, P < 0.0001; DSS + PBS vs. 7.7 ± 1.25 of DSS + p40Ab, P < 0.0001). The CSA of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle fibres decreased in mice with DSS-induced colitis (gastrocnemius, 1258.2 μm2 ± 176.45 of cont. vs. 640.1 μm2 ± 59.83 of DSS + PBS, P < 0.0001; tibialis anterior, 1251.8 μm2 ± 331.48 of cont. vs. 678.9 μm2 ± 67.59 of DSS + PBS, P < 0.0001), and the treatment of IL-12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody partially restored CSA of the gastrocnemius (640.1 μm2 ± 59.83 of DSS + PBS vs. 1062.0 μm2 ± 83.41 of DSS + p40Ab, P < 0.0001) and tibialis anterior (678.9 μm2 ± 67.59 of DSS + PBS vs. 1105.3 μm2 ± 143.15 of DSS + p40Ab, P = 0.0003).vs. 640.1 μm2 ± 59.83 of DSS + PBS, P < 0.0001) and tibialis anterior (1251.8 μm2 ± 331.48 of cont. vs. 678.9 μm2 ± 67.59 of DSS + PBS, P < 0.0001), and the treatment of IL-12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody partially restored CSA of the gastrocnemius (640.1 μm2 ± 59.83 of DSS + PBS vs. 1062.0 μm2 ± 83.41 of DSS + p40Ab, P < 0.0001) and tibialis anterior (678.9 μm2 ± 67.59 of DSS + PBS vs. 1105.3 μm2 ± 143.15 of DSS + p40Ab, P = 0.0003). In the evaluation of muscle function, grip strength and fatigue distance decreased by colitis were partially restored (grip strength: 139.9 g ± 5.38 of cont. vs. 83.9 g ± 5.48 of DSS + PBS, P < 0.0001; DSS + PBS vs. 118.6 g ± 4.05 of DSS + p40Ab, P < 0.0001; fatigue distance: 872.5 m ± 104.01 of cont. vs. 58.2 m ± 107.72 of DSS + PBS, P < 0.0001; DSS + PBS vs. 328.0 m ± 109.71 of DSS + p40Ab, P = 0.0015) by injection of IL-12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Il-12/23 acts directly on muscle to induce atrophy, and the IL-12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody is effective not only in suppressing colitis but also in maintaining muscle mass and improving muscle function in an experimental colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kwan Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeob Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopedics, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Baek
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Arpke RW, Moritz TC, Hahn KL, Stark DA, Villalón E, Lorson CL, Cornelison DDW. Normal muscle fiber type distribution is recapitulated in aged ephrin-A3 -/- mice that previously lacked most slow myofibers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C718-C727. [PMID: 36717102 PMCID: PMC10027087 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Individual limb muscles have characteristic representation and spatial distribution of muscle fiber types (one slow and up to three fast isoforms) appropriate to their unique anatomical location and function. This distribution can be altered by physiological stimuli such as training (i.e., for increased endurance or force) or pathological conditions such as aging. Our group previously showed that ephrin-A3 is expressed only on slow myofibers, and that adult mice lacking ephrin-A3 have dramatically reduced numbers of slow myofibers due to postnatal innervation of previously slow myofibers by fast motor neurons. In this study, fiber type composition of hindlimb muscles of aged and denervated/reinnervated C57BL/6 and ephrin-A3-/- mice was analyzed to determine whether the loss of slow myofibers persists across the lifespan. Surprisingly, fiber-type composition of ephrin-A3-/- mouse muscles at two years of age was nearly indistinguishable from age-matched C57BL/6 mice. After challenge with nerve crush, the percentage of IIa and I/IIa hybrid myofibers increased significantly in aged ephrin-A3-/- mice. While EphA8, the receptor for ephrin-A3, is present at all neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) on fast fibers in 3-6 mo old C57BL/6 and ephrin-A3-/- mice, this exclusive localization is lost with aging, with EphA8 expression now found on a subset of NMJs on some slow muscle fibers. This return to appropriate fiber-type distribution given time and under use reinforces the role of activity in determining fiber-type representation and suggests that, rather than being a passive baseline, the developmentally and evolutionarily selected fiber type pattern may instead be actively reinforced by daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Arpke
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Timothy C. Moritz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Kevin L. Hahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Danny A. Stark
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Eric Villalón
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Christian L. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - DDW Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Lee S, Jo K, Jeong HG, Jeong SKC, Park JI, Yong HI, Choi YS, Jung S. Higher Protein Digestibility of Chicken Thigh than Breast Muscle in an In Vitro Elderly Digestion Model. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:305-318. [PMID: 36909852 PMCID: PMC9998189 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protein digestibility of chicken breast and thigh in an in vitro digestion model to determine the better protein sources for the elderly in terms of bioavailability. For this purpose, the biochemical traits of raw muscles and the structural properties of myofibrillar proteins were monitored. The thigh had higher pH, 10% trichloroacetic acid-soluble α-amino groups, and protein carbonyl content than the breast (p<0.05). In the proximate composition, the thigh had higher crude fat and lower crude protein content than the breast (p<0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of myofibrillar proteins showed noticeable differences in the band intensities of tropomyosin α-chain and myosin light chain-3 between the thigh and breast. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity of myosin was lower in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy of myosin revealed that the thigh had higher α-helical and lower β-sheet structures than the breast (p<0.05). The cooked muscles were then chopped and digested in the elderly digestion model. The thigh had more α-amino groups than the breast after both gastric and gastrointestinal digestion (p<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis of the gastric digesta showed that more bands remained in the digesta of the breast than that of the thigh. The content of proteins less than 3 kDa in the gastrointestinal digesta was also higher in the thigh than in the breast (p<0.05). These results reveal that chicken thigh with higher in vitro protein digestibility is a more appropriate protein source for the elderly than chicken breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyung Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jung In Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Zuntini ACS, Damico MV, Gil CD, Godinho RO, Pacini ESA, Fortes-Dias CL, Moreira V. The early inhibition of the COX-2 pathway in viperid phospholipase A 2-induced skeletal muscle myotoxicity accelerates the tissue regeneration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 461:116384. [PMID: 36702313 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of injury and muscle regeneration is still contradictory in effectiveness, especially regarding the timing of their administration. This can interfere with the production of prostaglandins originating from inflammatory isoform cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is essential to modulate tissue regeneration. The phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from viperid venoms cause myotoxicity, therefore constituting a tool for the study of supportive therapies to improve skeletal muscle regeneration. This study investigated the effect of early administration of lumiracoxib (selective inhibitor of COX-2) on the degeneration and regeneration stages of skeletal muscle after injury induced by a myotoxic PLA2. After 30 min and 48 h of intramuscular injection of PLA2, mice received lumiracoxib orally and histological, functional, and transcriptional parameters of muscle were evaluated from 6 h to 21 days. Inhibition of COX-2 in the early periods of PLA2-induced muscle degeneration reduced leukocyte influx, edema, and tissue damage. After the second administration of lumiracoxib, in regenerative stage, muscle showed increase in number of basophilic fibers, reduction in fibrosis content and advanced recovery of functionality characterized by the presence of fast type II fibers. The expression of Pax7 and myogenin were increased, indicating a great capacity for storing satellite cells and advanced mature state of tissue. Our data reveals a distinct role of COX-2-derived products during muscle degeneration and regeneration, in which early administration of lumiracoxib was a therapeutic strategy to modulate the effects of prostaglandins, providing a breakthrough in muscle tissue regeneration induced by a myotoxic PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Siqueira Zuntini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Marcio Vinícius Damico
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Rosely Oliveira Godinho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Enio Setsuo Arakaki Pacini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil.
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Makar D, Nazemi A, Gong SG, Bhardwaj N, De Guzman R, Sessle BJ, Cioffi I. Development of a model to investigate the effects of prolonged ischaemia on the muscles of mastication of male Sprague Dawley rats. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105602. [PMID: 36543038 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to develop a novel rodent model of masticatory muscle ischaemia via unilateral ligation of the external carotid artery (ECA), and to undertake a preliminary investigation to characterize its downstream effects on mechanosensitivity and cellular features of the masseter and temporalis muscles. DESIGN The right ECA of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats was ligated under general anaesthesia. Mechanical detection thresholds (MDTs) at the masseter and temporalis bilaterally were measured immediately before ECA ligation and after euthanasia at 10-, 20-, and 35-days (n = 6 rats/timepoint). Tissue samples from both muscles and sides were harvested for histological analyses and for assessing changes in the expression of markers of hypoxia and muscle degeneration (Hif-1α, VegfA, and Fbxo32) via real time PCR. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and non-parametric tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS MDTs were higher in the right than left hemiface (p = 0.009) after 20 days. Histological changes indicative of muscle degeneration and fibrosis were observed in the right muscles. Hif-1α, VegfA, and Fbxo32 were more highly expressed in the masseter than temporalis muscles (all p < 0.05). Hif-1α and, VegfA did not change significantly with time in all muscles (all p > 0.05). Fbxo32 expression gradually increased in the right masseter (p = 0.024) and left temporalis (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ECA ligation in rats induced hyposensitivity in the homolateral hemiface after 20 days accompanied by tissue degenerative changes. Our findings support the use of this model to study pathophysiologic mechanisms of masticatory muscle ischaemia in larger investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Makar
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate Orthodontics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Nazemi
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S G Gong
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate Orthodontics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Bhardwaj
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Sickkids Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R De Guzman
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B J Sessle
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - I Cioffi
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Dentistry, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate Orthodontics, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Jiang X, Ji S, Yuan F, Li T, Cui S, Wang W, Ye X, Wang R, Chen Y, Zhu S. Pyruvate dehydrogenase B regulates myogenic differentiation via the FoxP1-Arih2 axis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:606-621. [PMID: 36564038 PMCID: PMC9891931 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, diminishes life quality in elderly people. Improving the capacity of skeletal muscle differentiation is expected to counteract sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle differentiation are complex, and effective therapeutic targets are largely unknown. METHODS The human Gene Expression Omnibus database, aged mice and primary skeletal muscle cells were used to assess the expression level of pyruvate dehydrogenase B (PDHB) in human and mouse aged state. d-Galactose (d-gal)-induced sarcopenia mouse model and two classic cell models (C2C12 and HSkMC) were used to assess the myogenic effect of PDHB and the underlying mechanisms via immunocytochemistry, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, RNA interference or overexpression, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS We identified that a novel target PDHB promoted myogenic differentiation. PDHB expression decreased in aged mouse muscle relative to the young state (-50% of mRNA level, P < 0.01) and increased during mouse and primary human muscle cell differentiation (+3.97-fold, P < 0.001 and +3.79-fold, P < 0.001). Knockdown or overexpression of PDHB modulated the expression of genes related to muscle differentiation, namely, myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) (-46%, P < 0.01 and -27%, P < 0.05; +1.8-fold, P < 0.01), myogenic differentiation (MyoD) (-55%, P < 0.001 and -34%, P < 0.01; +2.27-fold, P < 0.001), myogenin (MyoG) (-60%, P < 0.001 and -70%, P < 0.001; +5.46-fold, P < 0.001) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) (-70%, P < 0.001 and -69%, P < 0.001; +3.44-fold, P < 0.001) in both C2C12 cells and HSkMC. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that PDHB knockdown suppressed pyruvate metabolism (P < 0.001) and up-regulated ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Arih2) (+7.23-fold, P < 0.001) in cellular catabolic pathways. The role of forkhead box P1 (FoxP1) (+4.18-fold, P < 0.001)-mediated Arih2 transcription was the key downstream regulator of PDHB in muscle differentiation. PDHB overexpression improved d-gal-induced muscle atrophy in mice, which was characterized by significant increases in grip strength, muscle mass and mean muscle cross-sectional area (1.19-fold to 1.5-fold, P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive results show that PDHB plays a sarcoprotective role by suppressing the FoxP1-Arih2 axis and may serve as a therapeutic target in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Siyu Ji
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fenglai Yuan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tushuai Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7083842
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Cáceres-Ayala C, Mira RG, Acuña MJ, Brandan E, Cerpa W, Rebolledo DL. Episodic Binge-like Ethanol Reduces Skeletal Muscle Strength Associated with Atrophy, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in Young Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021655. [PMID: 36675170 PMCID: PMC9861047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge Drinking (BD) corresponds to episodes of ingestion of large amounts of ethanol in a short time, typically ≤2 h. BD occurs across all populations, but young and sports-related people are especially vulnerable. However, the short- and long-term effects of episodic BD on skeletal muscle function have been poorly explored. Young rats were randomized into two groups: control and episodic Binge-Like ethanol protocol (BEP) (ethanol 3 g/kg IP, 4 episodes of 2-days ON-2-days OFF paradigm). Muscle function was evaluated two weeks after the last BEP episode. We found that rats exposed to BEP presented decreased muscle strength and increased fatigability, compared with control animals. Furthermore, we observed that skeletal muscle from rats exposed to BEP presented muscle atrophy, evidenced by reduced fiber size and increased expression of atrophic genes. We also observed that BEP induced fibrotic and inflammation markers, accompanied by mislocalization of nNOSµ and high levels of protein nitration. Our findings suggest that episodic binge-like ethanol exposure alters contractile capacity and increases fatigue by mechanisms involving atrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation, which remain for at least two weeks after ethanol clearance. These pathological features are common to several neuromuscular diseases and might affect muscle performance and health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Cáceres-Ayala
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Rodrigo G. Mira
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - María José Acuña
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Daniela L. Rebolledo
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (D.L.R.)
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Fuerniss LK, Johnson BJ. Semi-automated technique for bovine skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area and myosin heavy chain determination. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad205. [PMID: 37338173 PMCID: PMC10294558 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) type and muscle fiber size are informative but time-consuming variables of interest for livestock growth, muscle biology, and meat science. The objective of this study was to validate a semi-automated protocol for determining MyHC type and size of muscle fibers. Muscle fibers obtained from the longissimus and semitendinosus of fed beef carcasses were embedded and frozen within 45 min of harvest. Immunohistochemistry was used to distinguish MyHC type I, IIA, and IIX proteins, dystrophin, and nuclei in transverse sections of frozen muscle samples. Stained muscle cross sections were imaged and analyzed using two workflows: 1) Nikon workflow which used Nikon Eclipse inverted microscope and NIS Elements software and 2) Cytation5 workflow consisting of Agilent BioTek Cytation5 imaging reader and Gen5 software. With the Cytation5 workflow, approximately six times more muscle fibers were evaluated compared to the Nikon workflow within both the longissimus (P < 0.01; 768 vs. 129 fibers evaluated) and semitendinosus (P < 0.01; 593 vs. 96 fibers evaluated). Combined imaging and analysis took approximately 1 h per sample with the Nikon workflow and 10 min with the Cytation5 workflow. When muscle fibers were evaluated by the objective thresholds of the Cytation5 workflow, a greater proportion of fibers were classified as glycolytic MyHC types, regardless of muscle (P < 0.01). Overall mean myofiber cross-sectional area was 14% smaller (P < 0.01; 3,248 vs. 3,780) when determined by Cytation5 workflow than when determined by Nikon workflow. Regardless, Pearson correlation of mean muscle fiber cross-sectional areas determined by Nikon and Cytation5 workflows was 0.73 (P < 0.01). In both workflows cross-sectional area of MyHC type I fibers was the smallest and area of MyHC type IIX fibers was the largest. These results validated the Cytation5 workflow as an efficient and biologically relevant tool to expedite data capture of muscle fiber characteristics while using objective thresholds for muscle fiber classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K Fuerniss
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Abstract
The skeletal muscle proteome consists of a large number of diverse protein species with a broad and dynamic concentration range. Since mature skeletal muscles are characterized by a distinctive combination of contractile cells with differing physiological and biochemical properties, it is essential to determine specific differences in the protein composition of fast, slow, and hybrid fibers. Fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is a powerful comparative tool to analyze fiber type-specific differences between predominantly fast contracting versus slower twitching muscles. In this chapter, the application of the 2D-DIGE method for the comparative analysis of different subtypes of skeletal muscles is outlined in detail. A standardized proteomic workflow is described, involving sample preparation, protein extraction, differential fluorescence labeling using a 3-CyDye system, first-dimension isoelectric focusing, second-dimension slab gel electrophoresis, 2D-DIGE image analysis, protein digestion, and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Zweyer M, Ohlendieck K, Swandulla D. Histological and Histochemical Microscopy Used to Verify 2D-DIGE Pathoproteomics. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2596:465-480. [PMID: 36378457 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Comparative gel electrophoretic analyses of normal versus pathological specimens can swiftly identify proteome-wide changes in the concentration of specific protein isoforms. The application of fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) can be employed for the characterization of complex protein populations in health and disease. In order to verify pathoproteomic findings and correlate them to histopathological alterations, standardized histological and histochemical methodology can be applied for the cell biological analysis of normal versus pathological tissue samples. This chapter outlines the usage of histochemical ATPase staining of fast and slow fiber types in normal versus dystrophic skeletal muscles, as well as the application of hematoxylin and eosin staining of nuclei and the cellular body in kidney cells, and Sudan black staining of lipids in cryo-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Transcriptomic and proteomic time-course analyses based on Metascape reveal mechanisms against muscle atrophy in hibernating Spermophilus dauricus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111336. [PMID: 36280225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hibernating Spermophilus dauricus is resistant to muscle atrophy. Comprehensive transcriptome and proteome time-course analyses based on Metascape can further reveal the underlying processes (pre-hibernation stage, PRE; torpor stage, TOR; interbout arousal stage, IBA; and post-hibernation stage, POST). Transcriptome analysis showed that the cellular responses to growth factor stimulus and discrete oxygen levels continuously changed during hibernation. Proteomic analysis showed that neutrophil degranulation, sulfur compound metabolic process, and generation of precursor metabolites and energy continuously changed during hibernation. Molecular complex detection (MCODE) analysis in both transcriptome and proteome indicated that smooth muscle contraction was involved in the POST versus IBA stage, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (Ppard), Myc proto-oncogene (Myc), Sp1 transcription factor (Sp1), and nuclear factor Kappa B subunit 1 (NFκB1) are the common TFs during the hibernation process. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses found 18 molecules in the TOR versus PRE stage, 1 molecule in the IBA versus TOR stage, and 16 molecules in the POST versus IBA stage. Among these molecules, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a), SET and MYND domain containing 2 (Smyd2), four and a half LIM domains 1(Fhl1), reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1), and translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 50 (Timm50) were testified by Western blot. In conclusion, novel muscle atrophy resistance mechanisms can be deciphered by time-course transcriptome and proteome analyses based on Metascape.
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Wishard R, Jayaram M, Ramesh SR, Nongthomba U. Spatial and temporal requirement of Mlp60A isoforms during muscle development and function in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113430. [PMID: 36423661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many myofibrillar proteins undergo isoform switching in a spatio-temporal manner during muscle development. The biological significance of the variants of several of these myofibrillar proteins remains elusive. One such myofibrillar protein, the Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), is a vital component of the Z-discs. In this paper, we show that one of the Drosophila MLP encoding genes, Mlp60A, gives rise to two isoforms: a short (279 bp, 10 kDa) and a long (1461 bp, 54 kDa) one. The short isoform is expressed throughout development, but the long isoform is adult-specific, being the dominant of the two isoforms in the indirect flight muscles (IFMs). A concomitant, muscle-specific knockdown of both isoforms leads to partial developmental lethality, with most of the surviving flies being flight defective. A global loss of both isoforms in a Mlp60A-null background also leads to developmental lethality, with muscle defects in the individuals that survive to the third instar larval stage. This lethality could be rescued partially by a muscle-specific overexpression of the short isoform. Genetic perturbation of only the long isoform, through a P-element insertion in the long isoform-specific coding sequence, leads to defective flight, in around 90% of the flies. This phenotype was completely rescued when the P-element insertion was precisely excised from the locus. Hence, our data show that the two Mlp60A isoforms are functionally specialized: the short isoform being essential for normal embryonic muscle development and the long isoform being necessary for normal adult flight muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wishard
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India
| | - Saraf R Ramesh
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India; Department of Life Sciences, Pooja Bhagvat Memorial Mahajana Education Center, K. R. S. Road, Mysuru, 570016, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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