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Ling J, Hryckowian AJ. Re-framing the importance of Group B Streptococcus as a gut-resident pathobiont. Infect Immun 2024:e0047823. [PMID: 38436256 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00478-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterial species that causes disease in humans across the lifespan. While antibiotics are used to mitigate GBS infections, it is evident that antibiotics disrupt human microbiomes (which can predispose people to other diseases later in life), and antibiotic resistance in GBS is on the rise. Taken together, these unintended negative impacts of antibiotics highlight the need for precision approaches for minimizing GBS disease. One possible approach involves selectively depleting GBS in its commensal niches before it can cause disease at other body sites or be transmitted to at-risk individuals. One understudied commensal niche of GBS is the adult gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which may predispose colonization at other body sites in individuals at risk for GBS disease. However, a better understanding of the host-, microbiome-, and GBS-determined variables that dictate GBS GI carriage is needed before precise GI decolonization approaches can be developed. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of the diverse body sites occupied by GBS as a pathogen and as a commensal. We summarize key molecular factors GBS utilizes to colonize different host-associated niches to inform future efforts to study GBS in the GI tract. We also discuss other GI commensals that are pathogenic in other body sites to emphasize the broader utility of precise de-colonization approaches for mitigating infections by GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Finally, we highlight how GBS treatments could be improved with a more holistic understanding of GBS enabled by continued GI-focused study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie Ling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Healthon, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew J Hryckowian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Healthon, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Patel NM, Geropoulos G, Patel PH, Bhogal RH, Harrington KJ, Singanayagam A, Kumar S. The Role of Mucin Expression in the Diagnosis of Oesophago-Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5252. [PMID: 37958425 PMCID: PMC10650431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival in oesophago-gastric cancer (OGC) is poor due to early diagnostic challenges. Non-invasive risk stratification may identify susceptible patients with pre-malignant or benign disease. Following diagnostic confirmation with endoscopic biopsy, early OGC may be treated sooner. Mucins are transmembrane glycoproteins implicated in OGC with potential use as biomarkers of malignant transformation. This systematic review defines the role of mucins in OGC diagnosis. A literature search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA protocols for studies published January 1960-December 2022. Demographic data and data on mucin sampling and analysis methods were extracted. The review included 124 studies (n = 11,386 patients). Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAc) was the commonest OG malignancy (n = 101) followed by oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAc, n = 24) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSqCc, n = 10). Mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 were the most frequently implicated. High MUC1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis and metastases in OSqCc. MUC2 expression decreases during progression from healthy mucosa to OAc, causing reduced protection from gastric acid. MUC5AC was upregulated, and MUC6 downregulated in GAc. Mucin expression varies in OGC; changes may be epigenetic or mutational. Profiling upper GI mucin expression in OGC, with pre-malignant, benign and healthy controls may identify potential early diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Manish Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Georgios Geropoulos
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pranav Harshad Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ricky Harminder Bhogal
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kevin Joseph Harrington
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sacheen Kumar
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London Hospital, London SW1X 7HY, UK
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Muilenburg KM, Isder CC, Radhakrishnan P, Batra SK, Ly QP, Carlson MA, Bouvet M, Hollingsworth MA, Mohs AM. Mucins as contrast agent targets for fluorescence-guided surgery of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 561:216150. [PMID: 36997106 PMCID: PMC10150776 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is difficult to resect due to its unique challenges, often leading to incomplete tumor resections. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), also known as intraoperative molecular imaging and optical surgical navigation, is an intraoperative tool that can aid surgeons in complete tumor resection through an increased ability to detect the tumor. To target the tumor, FGS contrast agents rely on biomarkers aberrantly expressed in malignant tissue compared to normal tissue. These biomarkers allow clinicians to identify the tumor and its stage before surgical resection and provide a contrast agent target for intraoperative imaging. Mucins, a family of glycoproteins, are upregulated in malignant tissue compared to normal tissue. Therefore, these proteins may serve as biomarkers for surgical resection. Intraoperative imaging of mucin expression in pancreatic cancer can potentially increase the number of complete resections. While some mucins have been studied for FGS, the potential ability to function as a biomarker target extends to the entire mucin family. Therefore, mucins are attractive proteins to investigate more broadly as FGS biomarkers. This review summarizes the biomarker traits of mucins and their potential use in FGS for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Muilenburg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Carly C Isder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Quan P Ly
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3280, USA.
| | - Mark A Carlson
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3280, USA.
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 505 S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, S 45th St, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Dhondrup R, Tidwell T, Zhang X, Feng X, Lobsang D, Hua Q, Geri D, Suonan DC, Fan G, Samdrup G. Tibetan medicine Liuwei Muxiang pills (LWMX pills) effectively protects mice from chronic non-atrophic gastritis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154826. [PMID: 37167846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNG) is the most common type of chronic gastritis. If not actively treated, it may induce gastric cancer (GC). Western medicine is effective in CNG, but there are more adverse reactions after long-term medication, and it is easy to relapse after treatment, which affects patients' health and life. Tibetan medicine Liuwei Muxiang Pills (LWMX pills) is a traditional Tibetan medicine compound, which has a unique curative effect in the treatment of gastric inflammation, especially chronic non-atrophic gastritis. However, the mechanisms of LWMX pills for treatment CNG still remain poor known. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic intervention potential of Tibetan medicine LWMX pills on CNG and explore its potential mechanisms in mice models. METHODS The mice models was established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LWMX pills on CNG. The main components of LWMX pills were analyzed by GC-MS. HE staining, immunohistochemistry, proteomics and Western Blot were used to analyze the potential mechanism of LWMX pills for CNG treatment. RESULTS In the present study, LWMX pills containing costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone and antioxidants were found. IF results showed that the expression of ALDH1B1 in the control group was significantly lower than that in the model group in the gastric mucosa tissue, and the expression of ALDH1B1 was significantly lower in the 25 mg/ml LWMX Pills group (one month) and 25 mg/ml LWMX Pills group (two months) than in the model group. IHC revealed that model group samples expressed higher levels of Furin than 25 mg/ml LWMX Pills group samples, as evidenced by very strong staining of Furin in gastric mucosal cells. However, AMY2 staining in gastric mucosal cells did not differ significantly between the treated and control groups. the protein expression levels of these proteins were decreased in 25 mg/mL LWMX pills. Meanwhile, we found that the CAM1 protein expression in the in 25 mg/ml LWMX pills group (two mouths) was increased compared to the in 25 mg/ml LWMX pills group (one mouths).Western blotting showed that the protein expression levels of Furin, AMY2A, CPA3, ALDH1B1, Cam1, COXII, IL-6, IL-1β were decreased in 25 mg/mL LWMX pills. Meanwhile, that the CAM1 protein expression in the in 25 mg/ml LWMX pills group (two mouths) was increased compared to the in 25 mg/ml LWMX pills group (one mouths). CONCLUSION 25mg/ml LWMX pill treatment for one month had better therapeutic effect on mice CNG. Further proteomic results showed that LWMX pills maintain gastric function by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and we also found that LWMX pills regulate the expression of proteins associated with cancer development (Amy2, Furin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinchen Dhondrup
- Tibetan Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tawni Tidwell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Healthy Minds, Madison, WI, 53703 United States
| | - XiaoKang Zhang
- Jingjie PTM Bio (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Qinghai Provincial Tibetan Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dhondrup Lobsang
- Tibetan Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qincuo Hua
- Qinghai Provincial Tibetan Hospital, Xining 810007, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duojie Geri
- Tibetan Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duojie Caidan Suonan
- Tibetan Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gyal Samdrup
- Tibetan Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Kim YI, Pecha RL, Keihanian T, Mercado M, Pena-Munoz SV, Lang K, Van Buren G, Dhingra S, Othman MO. MUC1 Expressions and Its Prognostic Values in US Gastric Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15040998. [PMID: 36831343 PMCID: PMC9954699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of MUC expression in US GC patients. A total of 70 tumor specimens were collected from GC patients who underwent surgery or endoscopic resection between 2013 and 2019 at a tertiary referral center in the US. MUC expression status including MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The positive rates of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 were 71.4%, 78.6%, 74.3%, and 33.3%, respectively. Patients with positive MUC1 expression had a significantly higher rate of aggressive pathologic features including diffuse-type cancer (42.0% vs. 0%; p < 0.001), advanced GC (80.0% vs. 30.0%, p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (62.0% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.001), and distant metastasis (32.0% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.017) compared with those with negative MUC1 expression. However, the differences in the pathologic features were not observed according to MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expression status. In early gastric cancer (EGC), patients with a high level of MUC1 expression showed a higher rate of lymphovascular invasion (71.4% vs. 21.4%; p = 0.026) and EGC meeting non-curative resection (85.7% vs. 42.9%; p = 0.061) than those with negative MUC1. In US GC patients, MUC1 expression is associated with aggressive pathological features, and might be a useful prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Il Kim
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.K.); (M.O.O.)
| | - Robert Luke Pecha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tara Keihanian
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Mercado
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S. Valeria Pena-Munoz
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kailash Lang
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sadhna Dhingra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohamed O. Othman
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.K.); (M.O.O.)
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6
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Riley NM, Wen RM, Bertozzi CR, Brooks JD, Pitteri SJ. Measuring the multifaceted roles of mucin-domain glycoproteins in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:83-121. [PMID: 36725114 PMCID: PMC10582998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-domain glycoproteins are highly O-glycosylated cell surface and secreted proteins that serve as both biochemical and biophysical modulators. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins are known hallmarks in numerous malignancies, yet mucin-domain glycoproteins remain enigmatic in the broad landscape of cancer glycobiology. Here we review the multifaceted roles of mucins in cancer through the lens of the analytical and biochemical methods used to study them. We also describe a collection of emerging tools that are specifically equipped to characterize mucin-domain glycoproteins in complex biological backgrounds. These approaches are poised to further elucidate how mucin biology can be understood and subsequently targeted for the next generation of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Ru M Wen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
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Mucin 1 as a Molecular Target of a Novel Diisoquinoline Derivative Combined with Anti-MUC1 Antibody in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216504. [PMID: 34770912 PMCID: PMC8588261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to examine the molecular mechanism of the anticancer action of a monoclonal antibody against MUC1 and a diisoquinoline derivative (OM-86II) in human gastric cancer cells. METHODS The cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. The disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9 was performed by flow cytometry. Fluorescent microscopy was used to confirm the proapoptotic effect of compounds. LC3A, LC3B and Beclin-1 concentrations were analyzed to check the influence of the compounds on induction of autophagy. ELISA assessments were performed to measure the concentration of mTOR, sICAM1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and pro-apoptotic Bax. RESULTS The anti-MUC1 antibody with the diisoquinoline derivative (OM-86II) significantly reduced gastric cancer cells' viability. This was accompanied by an increase in caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity as well as high concentrations of pro-apoptotic Bax. We also proved that the anti-MUC1 antibody with OM-86II decreased the concentrations of MMP-9, sICAM1 and mTOR in gastric cancer cells. After 48 h of incubation with such a combination, we observed higher levels of the crucial component of autophagosomes (LC3) and Beclin-1. CONCLUSIONS Our study proved that the anti-MUC1 antibody sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to the novel diisoquinoline derivative (OM-86II) via induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of selected proteins such as mTOR, sICAM1 and MMP-9.
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Satoh F, Tsutusmi Y. Rare primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a 69-year-old man. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04820. [PMID: 34532054 PMCID: PMC8436890 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma is rare in men. The low-grade tumor consisted of mucin-producing columnar cells with minimal nuclear atypia. Relationship to pseudomyxoma peritonei and disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Satoh
- Department of Legal MedicineSchool of MedicineKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
- Tokyo Medical Examiner's OfficeTokyoJapan
| | - Yutaka Tsutusmi
- Diagnostic Pathology ClinicPathos TsutsumiInazawaJapan
- Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care UniversityYokkaichiJapan
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Bali P, Lozano-Pope I, Pachow C, Obonyo M. Early detection of tumor cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood in a fast‑progressing gastric cancer model. Int J Oncol 2021; 58:388-396. [PMID: 33469673 PMCID: PMC7864146 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The authors previously demonstrated that in mice deficient in myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88−/−), infection with Helicobacter felis (H. felis) a close relative of H. pylori, subsequently rapidly progressed to neoplasia. The present study examined circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by measuring the expression of cytokeratins, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in bone marrow and peripheral blood from Myd88−/− and wild-type (WT) mice. Cytokeratins CK8/18 were detected as early as 4 months post-infection in Myd88−/− mice. By contrast, cytokeratins were not detected in WT mice even after 7 months post-infection. The expression of Mucin-1 (MUC1) was observed in both bone marrow and peripheral blood at different time points, suggesting its role in gastric cancer metastasis. Snail, Twist and ZEB were expressed at different levels in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The expression of these EMT-related markers suggests the manifestation of cancer metastasis in the early stages of disease development. LGR5, CD44 and CD133 were the most prominent CSC markers detected. The detection of CSC and EMT markers along with cytokeratins does reinforce their use as biomarkers for gastric cancer metastasis. This early detection of markers suggests that CTCs leave primary site even before cancer is well established. Thus, cytokeratins, EMT, and CSCs could be used as biomarkers to detect aggressive forms of gastric cancers. This information may prove to be of significance in stratifying patients for treatment prior to the onset of severe disease-related characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Bali
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‑0640, USA
| | - Ivonne Lozano-Pope
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‑0640, USA
| | - Collin Pachow
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‑0640, USA
| | - Marygorret Obonyo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093‑0640, USA
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Machlowska J, Baj J, Sitarz M, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4012. [PMID: 32512697 PMCID: PMC7312039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is a multifactorial disease, where both environmental and genetic factors can have an impact on its occurrence and development. The incidence rate of GC rises progressively with age; the median age at diagnosis is 70 years. However, approximately 10% of gastric carcinomas are detected at the age of 45 or younger. Early-onset gastric cancer is a good model to study genetic alterations related to the carcinogenesis process, as young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens. Carcinogenesis is a multistage disease process specified by the progressive development of mutations and epigenetic alterations in the expression of various genes, which are responsible for the occurrence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Machlowska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (R.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Role of extra cellular proteins in gastric cancer progression and metastasis: an update. Genes Environ 2020; 42:18. [PMID: 32467737 PMCID: PMC7227337 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a high ratio of mortality. Regarding the late diagnosis, there is a high ratio of distant metastasis among GC cases. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic modalities, there is not still an efficient therapeutic method to increase survival rate of metastatic GC cases. Main body Apart from the various intracellular signaling pathways which are involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis, the local microenvironment is also a critical regulator of tumor cell migration. Indeed, the intracellular signaling pathways also exert their final metastatic roles through regulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, it is required to assess the role of extra cellular components in biology of GC. Conclusion In the present review, we summarize 48 of the significant ECM components including 17 ECM modifying enzymes, seven extracellular angiogenic factors, 13 cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organizers, seven matricellular proteins and growth factors, and four proteoglycans and extra cellular glycoproteins. This review paves the way of determination of a specific extra cellular diagnostic and prognostic panel marker for the GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- 2Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Yu H, Ye C, Li J, Pan C, Lin W, Chen H, Zhou Z, Ye Y. An altered HLA-A0201-restricted MUC1 epitope that could induce more efficient anti-tumor effects against gastric cancer. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111953. [PMID: 32156601 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed in many tumor types, which makes it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. However, this marker is a non-mutated antigen without high immunogenicity. In this study, we designed several new altered peptides by replacing amino acids in their sequences, which were derived from a low-affinity MUC1 peptide, thus bypassing immune tolerance. Compared to the wild-type (WT) peptide, the altered MUC1 peptides (MUC11081-1089L2, MUC11156-1164L2, MUC11068-1076Y1) showed higher affinity to the HLA-A0201 molecule and stronger immunogenicity. Furthermore, these altered peptides resulted in the generation of more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that could cross-recognize gastric cancer cells expressing WT MUC1 peptides, in an HLA-A0201-restricted manner. In addition, M1.1 (MUC1950-958), a promising antitumor peptide that has been tested in multiple tumors, was not able to induce stronger antitumor responses. Collectively, our results demonstrated that altered peptides from MUC1, as potential HLA-A0201-restricted CTL epitopes, could serve as peptide vaccines or constitute components of peptide-loaded dendritic cell vaccines for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahui Yu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Chunmei Ye
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jieyu Li
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunli Pan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wansong Lin
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huijing Chen
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yunbin Ye
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China.
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13
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Optimization of Immunophenotypic Panel to Differentiate Upper From Lower Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas: Analysis of New and Traditional Markers. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:13-19. [PMID: 33295746 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (EAC), stomach [gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC)], and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) frequently show similar morphology because upper gastrointestinal tumors (GITs) usually evolve from pathologies involving intestinal metaplasia. Upper and lower GIT may also show overlapping immunophenotypes when using the traditional CK7, CK20, and CDX2 panel, which in patients presenting with metastatic disease of unknown origin may lead to misdirected diagnostic workup and/or therapy. We compared the phenotype of upper and lower GIT using an expanded immunohistochemical panel that included the traditional and newer gastrointestinal markers: SATB2, DcR3, MUC5AC, and MUC6. The panel was applied to resection specimens from 40 CRC, 40 GAC, and 40 EAC. A panel using SATB2, CK7, and CDX2 provided the best discriminating power for separating upper from lower GIT and was applied to 101 biopsies including 17 EAC, 17 GAC, 19 CRC, 18 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 15 cholangiocarcinomas, and 15 lung adenocarcinomas. The phenotype CK7/CDX2/SATB2 was moderately sensitive and highly specific of upper GIT, the phenotype CK7/CDX2/SATB2 was highly sensitive and specific for lower GIT, the phenotypes CK7/CDX2/SATB2 and CK7/CDX2/SATB2 favored pancreatobiliary or lung primaries. Less frequent phenotypes showed substantial overlap. Although strong diffuse expression of SATB2 was characteristic of CRC, weak and/or focal expression was present in one third or more of upper gastrointestinal, cholangiocarcinomas, and lung adenocarcinomas. DcR3, MUC5AC, and MUC6 improved specificity, but showed poor sensitivity, suggesting they should be used as second tier markers.
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Cavalcanti E, De Michele F, Lantone G, Panarese A, Caruso ML. Mucin phenotype of differentiated early gastric cancer: an immunohistochemistry study supporting therapeutic decision making. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5047-5054. [PMID: 31354341 PMCID: PMC6589520 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s193994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is widely employed in early gastric cancer (EGC). Foveolar phenotypes should be distinguished from the other differentiated EGC (DEGC) types because of their increased malignant potential. The phenotypic classification could be useful not only for investigating EGC tumorigenesis but also for evaluating the tumor aggressiveness to guide treatment decision making. Methods: On surgical tissue specimens, we studied the mucin phenotype of EGC to distinguish cases with a worse prognosis dictating different therapeutic options or a very close surveillance program. DEGC in our series were classified as mucin foveolar (51%) or mucin intestinal (49%) phenotype. We evaluated correlations among foveolar and intestinal phenotypic markers, tumor patterns, clinicopathologic features and prognostic and therapeutic implications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MUC5AC and CDX2 was performed on 63 EGC patient specimens. MUCA5C was employed as gastric foveolar phenotypic marker and CDX2 as intestinal phenotypic marker. Results: Foveolar DEGC was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p=0.01), high grade (G2-G3) (p=0.001), vessel permeation (p=0.05), lymph node metastasis (p=0.001) and ulceration (p=0.001), whereas intestinal type DEGC was associated with low grade (p=0.001). Conclusion: IHC determination of the mucin phenotype is an easy, inexpensive method that can provide useful, sensitive markers distinguishing the foveolar or intestinal phenotype in DEGC. The precise identification of the foveolar type, featuring a poorer prognosis, should sound a warning bell mandating very close study of the lesion before endoscopic treatment or contraindicating endoscopic resection in favor of the open surgery option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- Histopathology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco De Michele
- Histopathology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Lantone
- Surgery Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Alba Panarese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Caruso
- Histopathology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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15
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Li C, Liu T, Yin L, Zuo D, Lin Y, Wang L. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14659. [PMID: 30817589 PMCID: PMC6831235 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports the overexpression of mucin 1 (MUC1) in colorectal cancer (CRC), but the value of elevated MUC1 expression remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wanfang databases, as well as the China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for studies on MUC1 expression and prognosis of CRC through July 20, 2018. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological value of MUC1 expression in CRC. The Revman version 5.3 package and STATA, version 12 were employed for pooled analysis and analysis of publication bias. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 16 published studies. The combined analysis showed that CRC patients with high MUC1 expression had a worse clinical outcome in overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.30-1.75, P <.00001). In addition, high MUC1 expression was associated with higher TNM stage (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17-1.77, P = .0007), greater depth of invasion (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10-1.53, P = .002), and lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.20-1.80, P = .0002) of CRC. However, the elevated MUC1 expression was not related to disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS) (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.78-2.89, P = .22), histological grade (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.96-1.38, P = .12), gender (RR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.83-1.08, P = .44), tumor size (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.85-1.44, P = .44), tumor site (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.88-1.16, P = .84), or mucinous component (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.60-1.14, P = .24) in CRC. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that high MUC1 expression represents a marker of poor prognosis in CRC. Meanwhile, elevated MUC1 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, greater depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Libin Yin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Didi Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery
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16
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Adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae: different clinicopathological characteristics between Crohn's disease-associated type and the usual type. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:314-325. [PMID: 30206406 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae is rare and is sometimes associated with Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae has a poor prognosis; however, little is known about the clinicopathological differences between Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. We retrospectively searched patients' charts and pathology archives at Tokyo Yamate Medical Center and Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital for adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Clinical and pathological data were collected and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted. Overall survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors of overall survival were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. We examined 82 cases of adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Fifty-nine of 82 cases (72%) had usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae, while the remaining 23 cases (28%) had Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Patients with Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae were diagnosed at a younger age and at a more advanced stage than those with usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Macroscopic and histological types were also different between usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae included more ulcerative types and high-grade adenocarcinomas. The rate of lymphovascular invasion was higher in Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Immunohistochemically, the expression of E-cadherin, p53, and MUC5AC differed between usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. Patients with Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae exhibited worse overall survival than those with usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae, and vascular invasion was the strongest significant independent predictor of overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae. In conclusion, usual adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae and Crohn's disease-associated adenocarcinoma within anorectal fistulae have different clinicopathological characteristics and should be considered separate clinical entities.
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Krishn SR, Ganguly K, Kaur S, Batra SK. Ramifications of secreted mucin MUC5AC in malignant journey: a holistic view. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:633-651. [PMID: 29415129 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavily glycosylated secreted mucin MUC5AC, by the virtue of its cysteine-rich repeats, can form inter- and intramolecular disulfide linkages resulting in complex polymers, which in turn craft the framework of the polymeric mucus gel on epithelial cell surfaces. MUC5AC is a molecule with versatile functional implications including barrier functions to epithelial cells, host-pathogen interaction, immune cell attraction to sites of premalignant or malignant lesions and tumor progression in a context-dependent manner. Differential expression, glycosylation and localization of MUC5AC have been associated with a plethora of benign and malignant pathologies. In this era of robust technologies, overexpression strategies and genetically engineered mouse models, MUC5AC is emerging as a potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target for various malignancies. Considering the clinical relevance of MUC5AC, this review holistically encompasses its genomic organization, domain structure, glycosylation patterns, regulation, functional and molecular connotation from benign to malignant pathologies. Furthermore, we have here explored the incipient and significant experimental tools that are being developed to study this structurally complex and evolutionary conserved gel-forming mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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18
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Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang W, Che Y, Bai W, Huang G. LASSO‑based Cox‑PH model identifies an 11‑lncRNA signature for prognosis prediction in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5579-5593. [PMID: 30365077 PMCID: PMC6236314 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify a long non-coding (lnc) RNAs-based signature for prognosis assessment in gastric cancer (GC) patients. By integrating gene expression data of GC and normal samples from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus, the EBI ArrayExpress and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repositories, the common RNAs in Genomic Spatial Event (GSE) 65801, GSE29998, E-MTAB-1338, and TCGA set were screened and used to construct a weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) network for mining GC-related modules. Consensus differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) between GC and normal samples in the four datasets were screened using the MetaDE method. From the overlapped lncRNAs shared by preserved WGCNA modules and the consensus DERs, an lncRNAs signature was obtained using L1-penalized (lasso) Cox-proportional hazard (PH) model. LncRNA-mRNA networks were constructed for these signature lncRNAs, followed by functional annotation. A total of 14,824 common mRNAs and 2,869 common lncRNAs were identified in the 4 sets and 5 GC-associated WGCNA modules were preserved across all sets. MetaDE method identified 1,121 consensus DERs. A total of 50 lncRNAs were shared by preserved WGCNA modules and the consensus DERs. Subsequently, an 11-lncRNA signature was identified by LASSO-based Cox-PH model. The lncRNAs signature-based risk score could divide patients into 2 risk groups with significantly different overall survival and recurrence-free survival times. The predictive capability of this signature was verified in an independent set. These signature lncRNAs were implicated in several biological processes and pathways associated with the immune response, the inflammatory response and cell cycle control. The present study identified an 11-lncRNA signature that could predict the survival rate for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shaanxi 726000, P.R. China
| | - Huamin Li
- Department of Pathology, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi 714000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shaanxi 726000, P.R. China
| | - Ya Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shaanxi 726000, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Yulin Xingyuan Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Guanglin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Yulin Xingyuan Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
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Machlowska J, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. The Pattern of Signatures in Gastric Cancer Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1658. [PMID: 29867026 PMCID: PMC6032410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is a fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Carcinogenesis is a multistage disease process specified by the gradual procurement of mutations and epigenetic alterations in the expression of different genes, which finally lead to the occurrence of a malignancy. These genes have diversified roles regarding cancer development. Intracellular pathways are assigned to the expression of different genes, signal transduction, cell-cycle supervision, genomic stability, DNA repair, and cell-fate destination, like apoptosis, senescence. Extracellular pathways embrace tumour invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis. Altered expression patterns, leading the different clinical responses. This review highlights the list of molecular biomarkers that can be used for prognostic purposes and provide information on the likely outcome of the cancer disease in an untreated individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Machlowska
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Surgery, St. John's Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
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Akiyama S, Nagahori M, Oooka S, Negi M, Ito T, Takenaka K, Ohtsuka K, Watanabe M. Small intestinal obstruction due to the metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0190. [PMID: 29561438 PMCID: PMC5895330 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The small intestine (SI) does not commonly harbor cancer but is occasionally involved by metastatic cancer from other organs. To manage SI cancer appropriately, surveillance for primary origin outside the SI is essential. PATIENT CONCERNS This study presents a 54-year-old Thai man diagnosed with SI obstruction which required laparoscopy- assisted partial ileal resection. DIAGNOSES On the basis of the expression pattern of cytokeratins (CKs) and mucins (MUCs) in the resected SI adenocarcinoma, we suspected this was metastasized from the pancreatobiliary tract. Imaging studies revealed a hepatic segmental atrophy with an occlusion of the posterior segmental blanch of the portal vein without any contrast-enhanced lesions in the liver. Pathology of the liver biopsy revealed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with the same expression pattern of CKs and MUCs as the SI adenocarcinoma. INTERVENTIONS Systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin) was initiated. OUTCOMES Despite of the chemotherapy for 20 months, he died of ICC. LESSONS This is the first case of SI obstruction caused by the metastasis of ICC. We demonstrate that immunohistochemical staining of CKs and MUCs discriminate between primary and metastatic SI cancer and predict its primary origin outside the SI. This case also suggests that a hepatic segmental atrophy with portal vein occlusion would be an atypical but important finding to diagnose ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariko Negi
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Hondo FY, Kishi H, Safatle-Ribeiro AV, Pessorrusso FCS, Ribeiro U, Maluf-Filho F. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MUCIN PHENOTYPE CAN PREDICT GASTRIC CANCER RECURRENCE AFTER ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2017; 54:308-314. [PMID: 28954038 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201700000-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosal resection is still considered an accepted treatment for early gastric cancer for selected cases. Histopathologic criteria for curative endoscopic resection are intramucosal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, lateral and deep margins free of tumor, no histological ulceration, and no venous or lymphatic embolism. A 5% local recurrence rate has been described even when all the above-mentioned criteria are met. On the other hand, antigen expression by tumoral cells has been related to the biological behavior of several tumors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether early gastric cancer mucin immunoexpression, p53 and Ki-67, can predict recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection, even when standard histopathologic criteria for curative measures have been attempted. METHODS Twenty-two patients with early gastric cancer were considered to have been completely resected by endoscopic mucosal resection. Local recurrence occurred in 5/22 (22.7%). Immunohistochemical study was possible in 18 (81.8%) resected specimens. Patients were divided in two groups: those with and those without local recurrence. They were compared across demographic, endoscopic, histologic data, and immunohistochemical factors for MUC2, MUC5a, CD10, p53, and Ki-67. RESULTS Mucin immunoexpression allowed a reclassification of gastric adenocarcinoma in intestinal (10), gastric (2), mixed (4), and null phenotypes (2). Mixed phenotype (positive for both MUC2 and MUC5a) was found in 80% of cases in the local recurrence group, while the intestinal type (positive MUC2 and negative MUC5a) was found in 76.9% of cases without local recurrence (P=0.004). Other observed features did not correlate with neoplastic recurrence. CONCLUSION The mixed phenotype of early gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with a higher probability of local recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Yuji Hondo
- Gastrocirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Kishi
- Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Javanbakht M, Akhavanmoghadam J, Talaei AJ, Aghyani M, Mozafari M, Khedmat L, Mohebbi M. Differential expression of two genes Oct-4 and MUC5AC associates with poor outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1099-1105. [PMID: 28762513 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the most frequent leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide that is linked to poor prognosis due to the lack of appropriate biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate the MUC5AC and Oct-4 expression levels in GC and to assess their association with clinical factors. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) and qRT-PCR were performed in GC patients to examine the MUC5AC and Oct-4 expression levels. The mRNA level of MUC5AC was significantly decreased in tumour tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues (1.11 ± 0.69 vs 3.7 ± 0.71; P = .024). On the other hand, Oct-4 mRNA level was upregulated in tumour tissues as compared to normal tissues (2. 86 ± 0.78 vs 0.87 ± 0.54; P = .0015). Decreased expression of MUC5AC was detected in 27 patients (67.5%), while high to moderate expression levels were observed in 13 cases (32.5%), but in normal tissues the expression levels of MUC5AC were increased (P = .001). The decreased expression of MUC5AC was associated with aggressive tumour characteristics, such as TNM stage (P = .023), histologic type (P = .012) and lymph node metastasis (P = .001). High expression of Oct-4 was detected in 24 tumour tissues (60%), while 16 cases (40%) showed low expression level. Increased Oct-4 expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics such TNM stage (P = .002), histologic type (P = .008) and lymph node metastasis (P = .001). Our results showed that high Oct-4 expression and the reduction of MUC5AC expression may be involved in the progression and an unfavorable prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Javanbakht
- School of Medicine Science, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran
| | - Jamal Akhavanmoghadam
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Amir Jouya Talaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Science, Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aghyani
- General practitioner (GP), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Tehran and Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mozafari
- General practitioner (GP), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Tehran and Tabriz, Iran.,Graduated from Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Department of Social Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohebbi
- General practitioner (GP), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Tehran and Tabriz, Iran
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Ko YS, Cho SJ, Park J, Choi Y, Lee JS, Youn HD, Kim WH, Kim MA, Park JW, Lee BL. Hypoxic inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β promotes gastric tumor growth and angiogenesis by facilitating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling. APMIS 2016; 124:748-56. [PMID: 27365055 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since the molecular mechanism of hypoxic adaptation in cancer cells is cell-type specific, we investigated whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation is involved in hypoxia-induced gastric tumor promotion. Stable gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-638, SNU-484, MKN1, and MKN45) were cultured under hypoxic conditions. Cells overexpressing wild-type GSK-3β (WT-GSK-3β) or kinase-dead mutant of GSK-3β (KD-GSK-3β) were generated and used for cell culture and animal studies. In cell culture experiments, hypoxia decreased GSK-3β activation in gastric cancer cells. Cell viability and the expressions of HIF-1α protein and VEGF mRNA in gastric cancer cells were higher in KD-GSK-3β transfectants than in WT-GSK-3β transfectants under hypoxic conditions, but not under normoxic conditions. Gastric cancer xenografts showed that tumor growth, microvessel area, HIF-1α activation, and VEGF expression were higher in KD-GSK-3β tumors than in WT-GSK-3β tumors in vivo. In addition, the expression of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein was regulated by GSK-3β at the translational level. Our data suggest that GSK-3β is involved in hypoxic adaptation of gastric cancer cells as an inhibitory upstream regulator of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young San Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yiseul Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Karakoç Z, Sağsöz H, Ketani MA. Mucin profiles of the abomasum in bulls and rams: A comparative study. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:856-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelal Karakoç
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University; Siirt Turkey
| | - Hakan Sağsöz
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University; Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Aydın Ketani
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University; Diyarbakir Turkey
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25
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Choi Y, Park J, Choi Y, Ko YS, Yu DA, Kim Y, Pyo JS, Jang BG, Kim MA, Kim WH, Lee BL. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation has a prognostic implication and is negatively associated with FOXO1 activation in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:59. [PMID: 27268017 PMCID: PMC4895928 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the biological function of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in gastric cancer remains unclear, we investigated the clinical significance of JNK activation and its association with FOXO1 activation. Methods Immunohistochemical tissue array analysis of 483 human gastric cancer specimens was performed, and the results of the immunostaining were quantified. The correlation between JNK activation (nuclear staining for pJNK) and clinicopathological features, the proliferation index, prognosis or FOXO1 inactivation (cytoplasmic staining for pFOXO1) was analyzed. The SNU-638 gastric cancer cell line was used for in vitro analysis. Results Nuclear staining of pJNK was found in 38 % of the gastric carcinomas and was higher in the early stages of pTNM (P < 0.001). pJNK staining negatively correlated with lymphatic invasion (P = 0.034) and positively correlated with intestinal type by Lauren’s classification (P = 0.037), Ki-67-labeling index (P < 0.001), cyclin D1 (P = 0.045), cyclin E (P < 0.001) and pFOXO1 (P < 0.001). JNK activation correlated with a longer patients survival (P =0.008) and patients with a JNK-active and FOXO1-inactive tumor had a higher survival rate than the remainder of the population (P = 0.004). In vitro analysis showed that JNK inhibition by SP600125 in SNU-638 cells decreased cyclin D1 protein expression and increased FOXO1 activation. Further, JNK inhibition markedly suppressed colony formation, which was partially restored by FOXO1 shRNA expression. Conclusions Our results indicate that JNK activation may serve as a valuable prognostic factor in gastric cancer, and that it is implicated in gastric tumorigenesis, at least in part, through FOXO1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Yiseul Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Young San Ko
- Departments of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Da-Ae Yu
- Departments of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 110-746, South Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, 690-767, South Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. .,Departments of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
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MUC1 Immunohistochemical Expression as a Prognostic Factor in Gastric Cancer: Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9421571. [PMID: 27190429 PMCID: PMC4852113 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9421571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MUC1, a member of the mucin family, is expressed in tumors of various human organs and may function as an antiadhesion molecule that inhibits cell-to-cell adhesion, inducing tumor metastasis, and served as a potential biomarker of tumor progression in early gastric cancer. However, its prognostic significance in gastric cancer is still in dispute. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between MUC1 expression and prognosis of gastric cancer. A total of ten eligible studies with 834 cases and 548 controls were included. MUC1 positive cases were highly positive in intestinal-type carcinomas (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.27–2.44, P = 0.0008 fixed-effect), higher rate of vascular invasion (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13–2.39, P = 0.009 fixed-effect), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.20–3.67, P = 0.01 random-effect), as well as lower 5-year survival rate (HR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.66, P = 0.004 random-effect). However, the presence of MUC1 was not associated with gender, tumor size, histologic differentiation, and clinical stage. In summary, MUC1 is a prognostic factor in gastric cancer, which acts as a marker of poor outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the role of MUC1 in clinical practice.
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27
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Su F, Wang Y, Liu G, Ru K, Liu X, Yu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Quan F, Guo Z, Zhang Y. Generation of transgenic cattle expressing human β-defensin 3 as an approach to reducing susceptibility toMycobacterium bovisinfection. FEBS J 2016; 283:776-90. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian Shandong China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Kun Ru
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Zekun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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Zhang J, Jin Y, Xu S, Zheng J, Zhang QI, Wang Y, Chen J, Huang Y, He X, Zhao Z. AGR2 is associated with gastric cancer progression and poor survival. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2075-2083. [PMID: 26998125 PMCID: PMC4774612 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) has been reported as a novel biomarker with a potential oncogenic role. However, its association with the prognosis and survival rate of gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been determined. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the expression and prognostic significance of AGR2 in patients with GC. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze AGR2 and cathepsin D (CTSD) protein expression in 436 clinicopathologically characterized GC cases and 92 noncancerous tissue samples. AGR2 and CTSD expression were both elevated in GC lesions compared with noncancerous tissues. In 204/436 (46.8%) GC patients, high expression of AGR2 was positively correlated with the expression of CTSD (r=0.577, P<0.01). Furthermore, several clinicopathological parameters were significantly associated with AGR2 expression level, including tumor size, depth of invasion and TNM stage (P<0.05). Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, it was determined that the mean survival time of patients with low levels of AGR2 expression was significantly longer than those with high ARG2 expression (in stages I, II and III; P<0.05). For stage IV disease, no significant difference in survival time was identified. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that AGR2 was an independent prognostic factor and was associated in the progression of GC. The findings of the present study indicate that AGR2 expression is significantly associated with location and size of GC, depth of invasion, TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, vessel invasion, distant metastasis, Lauren's classification, high CTSD expression and poor prognosis. Thus, AGR2 may be a novel GC marker and may present a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shaonan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Zheng
- Department of Probability and Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Q I Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yazeng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xujun He
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Wang X, Yan F, Shi R, Huang X, Lu S, Xu L, Ren B. Hyper Expression of Mucin 5ac Indicates Poor Cancer Prognoses: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2396. [PMID: 26735541 PMCID: PMC4706261 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the association between mucin 5ac expression and cancer prognosis. A systematically comprehensive search was performed through PubMed, the Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The prognostic value of mucin 5ac expression in cancer patients was evaluated. The overexpression of mucin 5ac was found to be significantly associated with a poor prognosis in cancer patients (pooled HR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.158-2.028, P = 0.003). This association was also detected in a biliary subgroup (pooled HR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.269-2.639, P = 0.001) and a gastrointestinal subgroup (pooled HR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.069-1.949 P = 0.017). In the geography subgroup analysis, a statistical association was found in the Asian subgroup (pooled HR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.200-2.384, P = 0.003). In the clinical characteristics analysis, a statistical association was found between the hyper expression of mucin 5ac and lymphatic metastasis. We indicated that mucin 5ac is a promising prognostic predictor for cancer, especially for biliary and gastrointestinal cancer, and is more suitable for predicting cancer prognoses in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- From the Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (XW, FY, RS, XH, SL); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital (XW, RS, LX, BR); and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, PR China (XW, FY, RS, XH, LX, BR)
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Xu F, Liu F, Zhao H, An G, Feng G. Prognostic Significance of Mucin Antigen MUC1 in Various Human Epithelial Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2286. [PMID: 26683959 PMCID: PMC5058931 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that mucin antigen MUC1 plays a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of several types of epithelial carcinomas. However, whether the expression of MUC1 on tumor cells is associated with patients' survival remains controversial. Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, and Grey literature were searched up to 15 August 2015 for eligible studies of the association between the MUC1 expression and overall survival (OS) in various epithelial cancers. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated from the included studies. Moreover, the odds ratio (OR) was also extracted to evaluate the association between the clinicopathological parameters of participants and MUC1 expression. A total of 3425 patients covering 23 studies were included in the analysis. The pooled results showed that positive MUC1 staining was a negative predictor of OS (HRFEM = 1.98,95% CIFEM: 1.76-2.22, PFEM = 0.479; HRREM = 2.16,95% CIREM: 1.58-2.94, PREM = 0.355) in various epithelial carcinomas. Subgroup analysis revealed that the increased MUC1 expression was significantly associated with poor OS in patients with gastric cancer (HRFEM = 2.12, 95%CIFEM: 1.75-2.57, PFEM = 0.359; HRREM = 1.89, 95% CIREM: 1.05-3.41, PREM = 0.238), colorectal cancer (HRFEM = 1.73, 95%CIFEM: 1.41-2.13, PFEM = 0.048; HRREM = 2.00,95% CIREM: 1.46-2.73, PREM = 0.019), cholangiocarcinoma (HRFEM = 2.52, 95% CIFEM: 1.42-4.49, PFEM = 0.252; HRREM = 2.34, 95% CIREM: 1.30-4.22, PREM = 0.244), and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HRFEM = 2.14, 95% CIFEM: 1.46-3.14, PFEM = 0.591; HRREM = 2.81, 95% CIREM: 1.40-5.64, PREM = 0.280). In addition, MUC1 overexpression was more likely to be found in colorectal cancer patients with an advanced tumor node metastasis stage (ORREM = 1.55, 95% CIREM: 1.06-2.27; PREM = 0.187) and in gastric cancer patients with positive lymph node metastasis (ORREM = 2.37, 95% CIREM: 1.19-4.73; PREM = 0.004) and intestinal-type classification (ORREM = 2.34, 95% CIREM: 1.59-3.45; PREM = 0.767). Our findings provide evidence that MUC1 detection has a prognostic value in patients with epithelial-originated cancers, especially in NSCLC and gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- From the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University (FX, GF); Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (FL, HZ); and Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University (GA)
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Park JS, Yeom JS, Seo JH, Lim JY, Park CH, Woo HO, Youn HS, Jun JS, Park JH, Ko GH, Baik SC, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Rhee KH. Immunohistochemical Expressions of MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 in Normal, Helicobacter pylori Infected and Metaplastic Gastric Mucosa of Children and Adolescents. Helicobacter 2015; 20:260-8. [PMID: 25704078 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate expression of gastric mucins in children and adolescents and to assess their relations with age and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. METHODS Gastric biopsies were collected from 259 pediatric and adulthood patients with gastrointestinal symptoms among all of patients undergone gastroduodenoscopy from 1990 to 2004 at Gyeongsang National University hospital and assorted based on H. pylori infection, age, and intestinal metaplasia as follows; H. pylori infection before 5 years of age or not, H. pylori infection between 5 and 9 years of age or not, H. pylori infection between 10 and 14 years of age or not, H. pylori infection between 20 and 29 years of age or not and intestinal metaplasia between 21 and 35 years of age. Total 810 tissue slides from the subjects were examined regarding expressions of Mucin2 (MUC2), Mucin5AC (MUC5AC), and Mucin6 (MUC6) in nine groups using immunohistochemical stains. A semiquantitative approach was used to score the staining extent of tissue slide. RESULTS Increased expressions of MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 were noted in intestinal metaplasia compared with subjects infected with H. pylori between 20 and 29 years. Gastric expressions of MUC5AC were decreased in older than 5 years with H. pylori compared with in older than 5 years without H. pylori (p < .001). Expressions of MUC2 and MUC6 did not change significantly by H. pylori status. Some nuclear expressions of MUC2 and MUC6 were noted in children without intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS MUC5AC might be affected by chronic H. pylori infection. In addition to biomarkers for intestinal metaplasia or prognostic factors for gastric cancer in adults, MUC2 and MUC6 in children might have an another role, based on ectopic gastric nuclear expressions of MUC2 and MUC6 in children without intestinal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Chan-Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoe Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Gyung-Hyuck Ko
- Department of Pathology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Myung-Je Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
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Jang BG, Lee BL, Kim WH. Olfactomedin-related proteins 4 (OLFM4) expression is involved in early gastric carcinogenesis and of prognostic significance in advanced gastric cancer. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:285-94. [PMID: 26070873 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) has been demonstrated to be upregulated in various cancers and involved in many cellular processes such as cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. In gastric cancer, clinicopathological relevance of OLFM4 expression has been reported. However, there are few studies showing how expression of OLFM4 evolves during multistep gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated OLFM4 expression during gastric carcinogenesis using RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). We found that OLFM4 expression is absent in normal gastric mucosa, begins to appear at the isthmus region in gastric glands in chronic gastritis, and is remarkably increased in intestinal metaplasia (IM). Interestingly, gastric-type glands around IM frequently expressed OLFM4 before CDX2 was expressed, suggesting that OLFM4 might be involved in regulating CDX2 expression. However, overexpression of OLFM4 failed to induce CDX2 transcription. All gastric adenomas were strongly positive for OLFM4. OLFM4 expression was higher in intestinal type, well to moderately differentiated and early-stage adenocarcinomas, and decreased in poorly differentiated and advanced-stage gastric cancer (GC). Although OLFM4 expression had no prognostic value for GC overall (P = 0.441), it was associated with poor survival of GC in stage II, III, and IV (P = 0.018), suggesting that OLFM4 expression has prognostic significance for late-stage GC. Our findings suggest that OLFM4 is not only involved in early stages of gastric carcinogenesis but also a useful prognostic marker for advanced GC, which is encouraging for further studies exploring OLFM4 as a potential target for therapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Ara-1-dong, Jeju, 690-767, Korea
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Pyo JS, Sohn JH, Kang G, Kim DH, Kim K, Do IG, Kim DH. MUC2 Expression Is Correlated with Tumor Differentiation and Inhibits Tumor Invasion in Gastric Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:249-56. [PMID: 26018517 PMCID: PMC4440937 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.03.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While MUC2 is expressed in intestinal metaplasia and malignant lesions, the clinicopathological significance of MUC2 expression is not fully elucidated in gastric carcinoma (GC). Methods: The present study investigated the correlation between MUC2 expression and clinicopathological parameters in 167 human GCs. In addition, to confirm the clinicopathological significance of MUC2 expression, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in 1,832 GCs. Results: MUC2 expression was found in 58 of 167 GCs (34.7%). MUC2-expressing GC showed lower primary tumor (T), regional lymph node (N), and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages compared with GCs without MUC2 expression (p=.001, p=.001, and p=.011, respectively). However, MUC2 expression was not correlated with Lauren’s classification and tumor differentiation. In meta-analysis, MUC2 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation and lower tumor stage (odds ratio [OR], 1.303; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.020 to 1.664; p = .034 and OR, 1.352; 95% CI, 1.055 to 1.734; p = .017, respectively) but not with Lauren’s classification, pN stage, or pTNM stage. Conclusions: MUC2 expression was correlated with a lower tumor depth and lower lymph node metastasis in our study; the meta-analysis showed a correlation of MUC2 expression with tumor differentiation and lower tumor depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Sohn
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guhyun Kang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon J, Ko YS, Cho SJ, Park J, Choi YS, Choi Y, Pyo JS, Ye SK, Youn HD, Lee JS, Chang MS, Kim MA, Lee BL. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3-induced metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells is enhanced by glycogen synthase kinase-3β. APMIS 2015; 123:373-82. [PMID: 25846563 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) can promote cancer metastasis, but its underlying regulatory mechanisms in gastric cancer cell invasiveness still remain obscure. We investigated the relationship between STAT3 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and its significance in metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells. Immunohistochemical tissue array analysis of 267 human gastric carcinoma specimens showed that the expressions of active forms of STAT3 (pSTAT3) and GSK-3β (pGSK-3β) were found in 68 (25%) and 124 (46%) of 267 gastric cancer cases, respectively, showing a positive correlation (p < 0.001). Cell culture experiments using gastric cancer cell lines SNU-638 and SNU-668 revealed that STAT3 suppression did not affect pGSK-3β expression, whereas GSK-3β inhibition reduced pSTAT3 expression. With respect to metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells, both STAT3 suppression and GSK-3β inhibition decreased cell migration, invasion, and mesenchymal marker (Snail, Vimentin, and MMP9) expression. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of STAT3 and GSK-3β on cell migration were synergistic. These results demonstrated that STAT3 and GSK-3β are positively associated and synergistically contribute to metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells. Thus, dual use of STAT3 and GSK-3β inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of the anti-metastatic treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Simmini S, Bialecka M, Huch M, Kester L, van de Wetering M, Sato T, Beck F, van Oudenaarden A, Clevers H, Deschamps J. Transformation of intestinal stem cells into gastric stem cells on loss of transcription factor Cdx2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5728. [PMID: 25500896 PMCID: PMC4284662 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endodermal lining of the adult gastro-intestinal tract harbours stem cells that are responsible for the day-to-day regeneration of the epithelium. Stem cells residing in the pyloric glands of the stomach and in the small intestinal crypts differ in their differentiation programme and in the gene repertoire that they express. Both types of stem cells have been shown to grow from single cells into 3D structures (organoids) in vitro. We show that single adult Lgr5-positive stem cells, isolated from small intestinal organoids, require Cdx2 to maintain their intestinal identity and are converted cell-autonomously into pyloric stem cells in the absence of this transcription factor. Clonal descendants of Cdx2null small intestinal stem cells enter the gastric differentiation program instead of producing intestinal derivatives. We show that the intestinal genetic programme is critically dependent on the single transcription factor encoding gene Cdx2. The adult gastro-intestinal tract harbours stem cells that differ in their differentiation programme and in the gene repertoire that they express. Here the authors show that single adult Lgr5-positive stem cells require Cdx2 to maintain their intestinal identity and are converted into pyloric stem cells in the absence of this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Simmini
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lennart Kester
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van de Wetering
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Beck
- University of Leicester, Department of Biochemistry, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Deschamps
- Hubrecht Institute and UMC Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Ki MR, Hwang M, Kim AY, Lee EM, Lee EJ, Lee MM, Sung SE, Kim SH, Lee HS, Jeong KS. Role of vacuolating cytotoxin VacA and cytotoxin-associated antigen CagA of Helicobacter pylori in the progression of gastric cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:23-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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MUC5AC upstream complex repetitive region length polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility and clinical stage of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98327. [PMID: 24887023 PMCID: PMC4041751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC5AC was deemed to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis since aberrant MUC5AC expression has been repeatedly detected in patients with gastric cancer (GC). In this study, length polymorphisms in a complicated repetitive region adjacent to MUC5AC promoter were assessed in 230 patients with GC and 328 cancer-free controls. Alleles of 1.4 and 1.8 kb were significantly more prevalent in GC group than in controls. In contrast, 2.3 and 2.8 kb alleles occurred at significantly lower frequencies in patients than in controls. Alleles were then classified into susceptible (S; 1.4 and 1.8 kb), protective (P; 2.3 and 2.8 kb) and null (N; all other alleles) categories with respect to their linkage with the susceptibility to GC. Individuals with genotype SS had a 2.7-fold increased risk of GC occurrence, but PN genotype was associated with a significantly reduced risk of this cancer. Moreover, homozygous or heterozygous individuals with one or two copies of 1.4 kb allele showed an earlier age of onset and more advanced metastasis stage compared with patients without this allele (Bonferroni corrected p = 1.35×10−4 and 6.60×10−4 accordingly), whereas homozygous patients with two copies of 1.8 kb allele were linked to less advanced GC TNM stage. Our results suggest that certain genetic variations in MUC5AC upstream repetitive region are associated with the susceptibility and progression of GC.
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Saeki N, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T. Mucin 1 gene (MUC1) and gastric-cancer susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7958-73. [PMID: 24810688 PMCID: PMC4057712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major malignant diseases worldwide, especially in Asia. It is classified into intestinal and diffuse types. While the intestinal-type GC (IGC) is almost certainly caused by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, its role in the diffuse-type GC (DGC) appears limited. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on Japanese and Chinese populations identified chromosome 1q22 as a GC susceptibility locus which harbors mucin 1 gene (MUC1) encoding a cell membrane-bound mucin protein. MUC1 has been known as an oncogene with an anti-apoptotic function in cancer cells; however, in normal gastric mucosa, it is anticipated that the mucin 1 protein has a role in protecting gastric epithelial cells from a variety of external insults which cause inflammation and carcinogenesis. HP infection is the most definite insult leading to GC, and a protective function of mucin 1 protein has been suggested by studies on Muc1 knocked-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Saeki
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Domori K, Nishikura K, Ajioka Y, Aoyagi Y. Mucin phenotype expression of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms: analysis of histopathology and carcinogenesis. Gastric Cancer 2014; 17:263-72. [PMID: 23828549 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-013-0281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasia has been classified as neuroendocrine tumor (NET), a less-malignant type, and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), a more-malignant type. We investigated phenotypic expression profiles to clarify the differences between NET and NEC in terms of histopathology and carcinogenesis. METHODS We assayed 86 cases of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (NET G1, n = 25; NET G2, n = 9; NEC, n = 52), using six exocrine markers (MUC5AC, human gastric mucin, MUC6, M-GGMC-1, MUC2, and CDX2). RESULTS NEC frequently coexisted with adenocarcinomatous components (75 %; 39 of 52) and the majority (71.8 %; 28 of 39) showed intraglandular endocrine cell hyperplasia, although no cases of NET showed adenocarcinomatous components. Mucin phenotype significantly differed between NET and NEC; none of NET cases expressed any exocrine markers other than CDX2, although the majority of NEC (86.5 %; 45 of 52) expressed at least one or more exocrine markers with various positive rates for each marker (range, 8.2-74.0 %). Each NEC component showed only the phenotype expressed in the adenocarcinomatous component in the same tumor. Furthermore, double immunohistochemistry revealed dual expression of CDX2 and chromogranin A in half the NEC cases (23 of 46). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that gastric NETs (G1 and G2) and NECs have different processes of carcinogenesis, and gastric NECs may be generated from preceding adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Domori
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan,
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Yu DA, Yoon J, Ko YS, Park J, Kim SY, Kim MA, Kim JH, Jung J, Cheon Y, Lee HS, Kim WH, Lee BL. Forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 inhibits nuclear factor-κB in gastric cancer. APMIS 2014; 122:848-55. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ae Yu
- Department of Anatomy; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Yoon
- Department of Anatomy; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Young San Ko
- Department of Anatomy; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Cancer Research Institute; Department of Tumor Biology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sue Youn Kim
- Department of Anatomy; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science; Dankook University; Cheonan South Korea
| | - Younghee Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics; College of Medicine; Yeungnam University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute; Department of Tumor Biology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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Lee HS, Chen M, Kim JH, Kim WH, Ahn S, Maeng K, Allegra CJ, Kaye FJ, Hochwald SN, Zajac-Kaye M. Analysis of 320 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors identifies TS expression as independent biomarker for survival. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:128-37. [PMID: 24347111 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS), a critical enzyme for DNA synthesis and repair, is both a potential tumor prognostic biomarker as well as a tumorigenic oncogene in animal models. We have now studied the clinical implications of TS expression in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and compared these results to other cell cycle biomarker genes. Protein tissue arrays were used to study TS, Ki-67, Rb, pRb, E2F1, p18, p21, p27 and menin expression in 320 human GEP-NETs samples. Immunohistochemical expression was correlated with univariate and multivariate predictors of survival utilizing Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Real time RT-PCR was used to validate these findings. We found that 78 of 320 GEP-NETs (24.4%) expressed TS. NETs arising in the colon, stomach and pancreas showed the highest expression of TS (47.4%, 42.6% and 37.3%, respectively), whereas NETs of the appendix, rectum and duodenum displayed low TS expression (3.3%, 12.9% and 15.4%, respectively). TS expression in GEP-NETs was associated with poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma, angiolymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (p < 0.05). Patients with TS-positive NETs had markedly worse outcomes than TS-negative NETs as shown by univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate (p = 0.01) survival analyses. Expression of p18 predicted survival in TS-positive patients that received chemotherapy (p = 0.015). In conclusion, TS protein expression was an independent prognostic biomarker for GEP-NETs. The strong association of increased TS expression with aggressive disease and early death supports the role of TS as a cancer promoting agent in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Shiratsu K, Higuchi K, Nakayama J. Loss of gastric gland mucin-specific O-glycan is associated with progression of differentiated-type adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:126-33. [PMID: 24138592 PMCID: PMC4317868 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric gland mucin secreted from the lower portion of the gastric mucosa contains unique O-linked oligosaccharides having terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residues largely attached to a MUC6 scaffold. Previously, we generated A4gnt-deficient mice, which totally lack αGlcNAc, and showed that αGlcNAc functions as a tumor suppressor for gastric cancer. Here, to determine the clinicopathological significance of αGlcNAc in gastric carcinomas, we examined immunohistochemical expression of αGlcNAc and mucin phenotypic markers including MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, and CD10 in 214 gastric adenocarcinomas and compared those expression patterns with clinicopathological parameters and cancer-specific survival. The αGlcNAc loss was evaluated in MUC6-positive gastric carcinoma. Thirty-three (61.1%) of 54 differentiated-type gastric adenocarcinomas exhibiting MUC6 in cancer cells lacked αGlcNAc expression. Loss of αGlcNAc was significantly correlated with depth of invasion, stage, and venous invasion by differentiated-type adenocarcinoma. Loss of αGlcNAc was also significantly associated with poorer patient prognosis in MUC6-positive differentiated-type adenocarcinoma. By contrast, no significant correlation between αGlcNAc loss and any clinicopathologic variable was observed in undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma. Expression of MUC6 was also significantly correlated with several clinicopathological variables in differentiated-type adenocarcinoma. However, unlike the case with αGlcNAc, its expression showed no correlation with cancer-specific survival in patients. In undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma, we observed no significant correlation between mucin phenotypic marker expression, including MUC6, and any clinicopathologic variable. These results together indicate that loss of αGlcNAc in MUC6-positive cancer cells is associated with progression and poor prognosis in differentiated, but not undifferentiated, types of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Shiratsu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of MedicineMatsumoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizawa HospitalMatsumoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Higuchi
- Department of Pathology, Aizawa HospitalMatsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of MedicineMatsumoto, Japan
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Safatle-Ribeiro AV, Franco KAT, Corbett CEP, Iriya K, Zilberstein B, Ribeiro U. Molecular markers of mucosa harboring gastric adenomas. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2013; 50:141-7. [PMID: 23903625 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032013000200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastric adenoma is a precursor lesion of the adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE To characterize gastric adenomas according to the mucin immunoexpression and to evaluate the immunoexpression of p53, p16ink4a, BCL-2, cyclin D, Ki-67, in the adenoma and in the gastric mucosa harboring adenoma. METHODS Forty gastric specimens from 20 patients were classified as intestinal (MUC2-goblet cell mucin) or foveolar (MUC5AC-gastric-foveolar mucin) adenomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed using streptavidin-biotin-complex method. RESULTS Twelve (60%) patients were men. The mean age was 67.9±12.9 years-old. Intestinal adenomas were detected in 13 (65%) patients and gastric type in 7 (35%). Low-grade dysplasia was present in 13 (65%) of the adenomas, high-grade in 3 (15%), and adenocarcinoma within the polyp in 4 (20%). Six (30%) patients had synchronous adenocarcinoma. p53 immunoexpression was observed in 6/20 (30%) of adenomas, and in 2/6 (33.3%) of synchronous tumors. There was an association between p53 immunoexpression and intestinal type of adenoma/tumor, P=0.04. There was no association between p16ink4a, Bcl-2, cyclin D and Ki-67 and adenoma clinicopathological characteristics. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemistry may be useful to classify the adenomas subtypes and may define the pathway of adenoma to carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kim DH, Shin N, Kim GH, Song GA, Jeon TY, Kim DH, Lauwers GY, Park DY. Mucin expression in gastric cancer: reappraisal of its clinicopathologic and prognostic significance. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:1047-53. [PMID: 23899060 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0193-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The clinical validity of mucin expression in gastric cancer is debated. Whereas several reports demonstrate a correlation between mucin expression and prognosis, others deny such an association. OBJECTIVES This survival analysis study aims to elucidate the prognostic significance of mucin expression in gastric cancer. DESIGN A retrospective survival analysis was done with 412 cases of gastric cancer characterized on the basis of MUC immunohistochemistry using MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 antibodies; the cases were divided into those with a gastric, an intestinal, or a null mucin phenotype based on the predominant mucin. RESULTS There was no association between mucin expression and survival when considering overall gastric cancers or the advanced gastric cancer subtype. However, early gastric cancers with a gastric mucin phenotype showed longer survival than those with an intestinal mucin phenotype (P = .01) or a null phenotype (P = .01). In particular, MUC5AC-positive early gastric cancers resulted in longer survival than did those that did not express MUC5AC (P = .009). The loss of MUC5AC expression was identified as an independent, poor prognostic factor in early gastric cancers using the Cox regression proportional hazard model (hazard ratio, 3.50; P = .045). CONCLUSIONS MUC5AC expression is significantly associated with patient survival and can be used to predict outcomes in the gastric cancers, especially in the early gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Davison JM, Ellis ST, Foxwell TJ, Luketich JD, Gibson MK, Kuan SF, Nason KS. MUC2 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in superficial gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Hum Pathol 2013; 45:540-8. [PMID: 24290360 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucin core proteins (MUCs) are expressed in tissue-specific patterns in the gastrointestinal tract and expression is deregulated in Barrett's metaplasia. Based on differential expression, MUCs have been used to classify adenocarcinomas into distinct phenotypes (eg, intestinal, gastric, pancreaticobiliary, etc). Because MUC expression patterns carry prognostic significance in other tumors, we evaluated MUC expression in superficial adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction and esophagus (EAC) to determine whether there are differences in outcome associated with MUC subtype in this potentially curable subset of EAC. We classified 142 resected, superficial (T1) EAC based on their pattern of expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6 and MUC1. The association between survival and MUC expression pattern was determined in univariate and multivariate analyses. The MUC2 positive "intestinal" phenotype was associated with significantly worse prognosis in submucosal EAC (hazard ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.2), independent of node stage and other prognostic factors. MUC2 expression in submucosal EAC also showed significantly accelerated time to recurrence (hazard ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2-6.8) after adjusting for node stage. The classification of superficial EAC by MUC protein expression has prognostic significance. MUC2 expression is an adverse prognostic indicator in submucosal EAC, independent of node stage and other prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Davison
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Presbyterian University Hospital A610, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
| | - Shane T Ellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Tyler J Foxwell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Presbyterian University Hospital A610, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Michael K Gibson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Shih-Fan Kuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Presbyterian University Hospital A610, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Katie S Nason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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The contribution of cell phenotype to the behavior of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2013; 16:462-71. [PMID: 23329390 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-012-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several histochemical studies suggest a role of tumor cell phenotype and related differentiation markers in the prognostic assessment of gastric cancer. Unfortunately, most studies have dealt with single or a few markers and have paid limited attention to their interplay with tumor histological types, which are potentially informative of prognosis. METHODS In this study, 292 invasive (T1b to T4) gastric cancers with prolonged follow-up and carefully analyzed histotype, inclusive of histotype-based grade, were investigated histochemically with a panel of 14 phenotypic markers known to be expressed in normal gut tissues and gastric cancer. RESULTS Three of seven intestinal type markers investigated showed a trend for improved prognosis, one of which, CDX2, was stage independent. Three among gastric and pancreatobiliary duct markers (MUC1, MUC6, and pepsinogen II), predicted more severe prognosis stage independently, as did a combination of eight potentially informative (p < 0.1 at univariable Cox analysis) markers. Cancers with predominantly intestinal phenotype had significantly better prognosis than those with predominantly gastric, mixed, or poorly defined phenotypes; among the latter, those with high lymphocyte response, with favorable outcome, were separated from anaplastic cancers, with ominous prognosis. At multivariable analysis, CDX2 and the eight marker combination proved to be stage- and grade-independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS When individually considered, and with the exception of CDX2, the biomarkers investigated gave an appreciable, although moderate, contribution to the prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer. Combined analysis of all potentially informative markers gave more important information, highly additive to both stage and histotype-based grade.
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Wang YY, Li L, Zhao ZS, Wang YX, Ye ZY, Tao HQ. L1 and epithelial cell adhesion molecules associated with gastric cancer progression and prognosis in examination of specimens from 601 patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:66. [PMID: 24422715 PMCID: PMC3850006 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) have been implicated in the development and progression of gastric cancer. The present study investigated the clinical significance of L1CAM and EPCAM in the development, progression and prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods Expression of L1CAM and EPCAM were examined immunochemically in 601 clinicopathologically characterized gastric cancer cases. Results L1CAM protein was detected in 23.9% of human non-tumor mucosa samples. All samples expressed L1CAM protein at low levels. High expression of L1CAM protein was detected in 163 (27.1%) tumors. Expression of L1CAM correlated with age, tumor location, size of tumors, Lauren’s classification, depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastases, regional lymph node stage, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage and prognosis. EPCAM protein was detected in 45.7% of human non-tumor mucosa samples. All samples expressed EPCAM protein at low levels. High expression of EPCAM protein was detected in 247 (41.1%) tumors. Expression of EPCAM correlated with age, tumor location, size of tumors, Lauren’s classification, depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastases, regional lymph node stage, TNM stage and prognosis. Cumulative 5-year survival rates of patients with high expression of both L1CAM and EPCAM were significantly lower than in patients with low expression of both. Conclusions Expression of L1CAM and EPCAM in gastric cancer was significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. L1CAM and EPCAM proteins could be useful markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis.
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Lee HE, Han N, Kim MA, Lee HS, Yang HK, Lee BL, Kim WH. DNA damage response-related proteins in gastric cancer: ATM, Chk2 and p53 expression and their prognostic value. Pathobiology 2013; 81:25-35. [PMID: 23969480 DOI: 10.1159/000351072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess expressions of the DNA damage response (DDR)-related proteins and to investigate their clinical significances in gastric carcinoma. METHODS Two independent cohorts, a training set (n=524) and validation set (n=394), of gastric cancer patients were enrolled. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), and p53 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray. RESULTS ATM loss, Chk2 loss, and p53 positivity were observed in 21.8, 14.1, and 36.1% of the training set, and in 17.3, 12.2, and 35.8% of the validation set, respectively. In the training set, the aberrant expressions of ATM, Chk2, or p53 were significantly associated with an advanced TNM stage and poor disease-specific survival. This association was verified in the validation set. Chk2 positivity and p53 negativity were significantly related to a prolonged disease-specific survival. Also, patients with nonaberrant expressional levels of all 3 DDR-related proteins had a more favorable outcome than others. Multivariate analyses showed that Chk2 loss and at least 1 aberrant DDR-related protein remained as independent prognostic factors of poor disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated the prognostic implications of DDR-related proteins, and suggests that their aberrant expressions play critical roles in the development and progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Xu Q, Sun LP, Wang BG, Liu JW, Li P, He CY, Yuan Y. The co-expression of functional gastric proteins in dynamic gastric diseases and its clinical significance. BMC Clin Pathol 2013; 13:21. [PMID: 23937908 PMCID: PMC3750757 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pepsinogen C (PGC) and mucin1 (MUC1) are important physiologically functional gastric proteins; Mucin2 (MUC2) is an “ectopic” functional protein in intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa. We analyzed the co-expression of the above-mentioned three proteins in dynamic gastric diseases {superficial gastritis (SG)-atrophic gastritis (AG)--gastric cancer (GC)} as well as different histological types of gastric cancer in order to find molecular phenotypes of gastric cancer and precancerous disease and further explore the potential co-function of PGC, MUC1 and MUC2 in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Methods The SG-AG-GC sequence was 57-57-70 cases in this case–control study, respectively. Different histological types of GC were 28 cases of highly and moderately differentiated aden ocarcinoma (HMDA)、30 of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) and 12 of mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) or signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). PGC, MUC1 and MUC2 expression in situ were detected in all 184 cases using immunohistochemistry. Results Both PGC and MUC1 had a significantly decreased expression in GC than in SG and AG (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively); While MUC2 had a significant increased expression in AG than in SG and GC (P < 0.0001). Seven phenotypes of PGC, MUC1 and MUC2 co-expression were found in which PGC+/MUC1+/MUC2- phenotype took 94.7%(54/57) in SG group; PGC+/MUC1+/MUC2+ and PGC-/MUC1+/MUC2+ phenotype took 43.9% (25/57) and 52.6% (30/57) in AG; the phenotypes in GC group appeared variable; extraordinarily, PGC-/MUC1-/MUC2+ phenotype took 100% (6/6) in MA or SRCC group and had a statistical significance compared with others (P < 0.05). Conclusions Phenotypes of PGC, MUC1 and MUC2 co-expression in dynamic gastric diseases are variable. In SG group it always showed PGC+/MUC1+/MUC2- phenotype and AG group showed two phenotypes (PGC+/MUC1+/MUC2+ and PGC-/MUC1+/MUC2+); the phenotypes in GC group appeared variable but the phenotype of PGC-/MUC1-/MUC2+ may be a predictive biomarker for diagnosing MA or SRCC, or distinguishing histological MA or SRCC from tubular adenocarcinoma accompanied by mucinous secretion or signet ring cell scattered distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155#, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
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The expression of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis in Chinese patients with gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70311. [PMID: 23922976 PMCID: PMC3726424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study investigated the clinical significance of transmembrane protease, serine 4(TMPRSS4) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 (Erk1) in the development, progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze TMPRSS4 and Erk1 expression in 436 gastric cancer cases and 92 non-cancerous human gastric tissues. Results Protein levels of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 were up-regulated in gastric cancer lesions compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. High expression of TMPRSS4 correlated with age, size, Lauren’s classification, depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastases, regional lymph node stage and TNM stage, and also with expression of Erk1. In stages I, II and III, the 5-year survival rate of patients with high TMPRSS4 expression was significantly lower than in patients with low expression. Further multivariate analysis suggests that up-regulation of TMPRSS4 and Erk1 were independent prognostic indicators for the disease, along with depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis and TNM stage. Conclusions Expression of TMPRSS4 in gastric cancer is significantly associated with lymph node and distant metastasis, high Erk1 expression, and poor prognosis. TMPRSS4 and Erk1 proteins could be useful markers to predict tumor progression and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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