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Wank I, Mittmann C, Kreitz S, Chestnykh D, Mühle C, Kornhuber J, Ludwig A, Kalinichenko LS, Müller CP, Hess A. Neutral sphingomyelinase controls acute and chronic alcohol effects on brain activity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109948. [PMID: 38636728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a widespread phenomenon throughout the world. However, how recreational alcohol use evolves into alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains poorly understood. The Smpd3 gene and its coded protein neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) are associated with alcohol consumption in humans and alcohol-related behaviors in mice, suggesting a potential role in this transition. Using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, we characterized the role of NSM in acute and chronic effects of alcohol on brain anatomy and function in female mice. Chronic voluntary alcohol consumption (16 vol% for at least 6 days) affected brain anatomy in WT mice, reducing regional structure volume predominantly in cortical regions. Attenuated NSM activity prevented these anatomical changes. Functional MRI linked these anatomical adaptations to functional changes: Chronic alcohol consumption in mice significantly modulated resting state functional connectivity (RS FC) in response to an acute ethanol challenge (i.p. bolus of 2 g kg-1) in heterozygous NSM knockout (Fro), but not in WT mice. Acute ethanol administration in alcohol-naïve WT mice significantly decreased RS FC in cortical and brainstem regions, a key finding that was amplified in Fro mice. Regarding direct pharmacological effects, acute ethanol administration increased the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in many brain areas. Here, chronic alcohol consumption otherwise attenuated the acute rCBV response in WT mice but enhanced it in Fro mice. Altogether, these findings suggest a differential role for NSM in acute and chronic functional brain responses to alcohol. Therefore, targeting NSM may be useful in the prevention or treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wank
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claire Mittmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daria Chestnykh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91045, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; FAU NeW - Research Center for New Bioactive Compounds, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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2
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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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3
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Zhang J, Kong X, Yang HJ, Zhang W, Chen M, Chen X. Ninjurin 2 Modulates Tumorigenesis, Inflammation, and Metabolism via Pyroptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:849-860. [PMID: 38325550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The nerve injury-induced protein 2 (NINJ2) belongs to a family of homophilic adhesion molecules and was initially found to be involved in nerve regeneration. However, the role of NINJ2 in other cellular processes is not well studied. The Ninj2-deficient mice generated in the current study had a short lifespan and were prone to spontaneous tumors, systemic inflammation, and metabolic defects. Comprehensive carbohydrate and lipid metabolic analyses were performed to better understand the metabolic traits that contribute to these phenotypes. Carbohydrate metabolic analyses showed that NINJ2 deficiency led to defects in monosaccharide metabolism along with accumulation of multiple disaccharides and sugar alcohols. Lipidomic analyses showed that Ninj2 deficiency altered patterns of several lipids, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and ceramides. To identify a cellular process that associated with these metabolic defects, the role of NINJ2 in pyroptosis, a programmed cell death that links cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders, was examined. Loss of NINJ2 promoted pyroptosis by activating the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Taken together, these data reveal a critical role of NINJ2 in tumorigenesis, inflammatory response, and metabolism via pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Hee Jung Yang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
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4
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Kalinichenko L, Kornhuber J, Sinning S, Haase J, Müller CP. Serotonin Signaling through Lipid Membranes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1298-1320. [PMID: 38499042 PMCID: PMC10995955 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a vital modulatory neurotransmitter responsible for regulating most behaviors in the brain. An inefficient 5-HT synaptic function is often linked to various mental disorders. Primarily, membrane proteins controlling the expression and activity of 5-HT synthesis, storage, release, receptor activation, and inactivation are critical to 5-HT signaling in synaptic and extra-synaptic sites. Moreover, these signals represent information transmission across membranes. Although the lipid membrane environment is often viewed as fairly stable, emerging research suggests significant functional lipid-protein interactions with many synaptic 5-HT proteins. These protein-lipid interactions extend to almost all the primary lipid classes that form the plasma membrane. Collectively, these lipid classes and lipid-protein interactions affect 5-HT synaptic efficacy at the synapse. The highly dynamic lipid composition of synaptic membranes suggests that these lipids and their interactions with proteins may contribute to the plasticity of the 5-HT synapse. Therefore, this broader protein-lipid model of the 5-HT synapse necessitates a reconsideration of 5-HT's role in various associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov
S. Kalinichenko
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Sinning
- Department
of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jana Haase
- School
of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical
Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69047, Mannheim, Germany
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Montes LR. Ceramide regulation of autophagy: A biophysical approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159444. [PMID: 38056762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific membrane lipids play unique roles in (macro)autophagy. Those include phosphatidylethanolamine, to which LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins become covalently bound in the process, or cardiolipin, an important effector in mitochondrial autophagy (or mitophagy). Ceramide (Cer), or N-acyl sphingosine, is one of the simplest sphingolipids, known as a stress signal in the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, Cer is increasingly being recognized as an autophagy activator, although its mechanism of action is unclear. In the present review, the proposed Cer roles in autophagy are summarized, together with some biophysical properties of Cer in membranes. Possible pathways for Cer activation of autophagy are discussed, including specific protein binding of the lipid, and Cer-dependent perturbation of bilayer properties. Cer generation of lateral inhomogeneities (domain formation) is given special attention. Recent biophysical results, including fluorescence and atomic force microscopy data, show Cer-promoted enhanced binding of LC3/GABARAP to lipid bilayers. These observations could be interpreted in terms of the putative formation of Cer-rich nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Wilson GC, Patel SH, Wang J, Xu K, Turner KM, Becker KA, Carpinteiro A, Szabo I, Ahmad SA, Gulbins E. Acid sphingomyelinase expression is associated with survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:891-903. [PMID: 37246980 PMCID: PMC10300164 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Unfortunately, the prognosis of PDAC is rather poor, and for instance, in the USA, over 47,000 people die because of pancreatic cancer annually. Here, we demonstrate that high expression of acid sphingomyelinase in PDAC strongly correlates with long-term survival of patients, as revealed by the analysis of two independent data sources. The positive effects of acid sphingomyelinase expression on long-term survival of PDAC patients were independent of patient demographics as well as tumor grade, lymph node involvement, perineural invasion, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, and adjuvant therapy. We also demonstrate that genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase promotes tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC. This is mirrored by a poorer pathologic response, as defined by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) score for pancreatic cancer, to neoadjuvant therapy of patients co-treated with functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase, in particular tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in a retrospective analysis. Our data indicate expression of the acid sphingomyelinase in PDAC as a prognostic marker for tumor progression. They further suggest that the use of functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase, at least of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with PDAC, is contra-indicated. Finally, our data also suggest a potential novel treatment of PDAC patients with recombinant acid sphingomyelinase. KEY MESSAGES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common tumor with poor prognosis. Expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) determines outcome of PDAC. Genetic deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition of ASM promotes tumor growth in a mouse model. Inhibition of ASM during neoadjuvant treatment for PDAC correlates with worse pathology. ASM expression is a prognostic marker and potential target in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Wilson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA.
| | - Sameer H Patel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kui Xu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Kevin M Turner
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 05, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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7
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Heidarzadeh M, Zarebkohan A, Rahbarghazi R, Sokullu E. Protein corona and exosomes: new challenges and prospects. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:64. [PMID: 36973780 PMCID: PMC10041507 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EVs) detection and isolation methods have led to the development of novel therapeutic modalities. Among different types of EVs, exosomes (Exos) can transfer different signaling biomolecules and exhibit several superior features compared to whole-cell-based therapies. Therapeutic factors are normally loaded into the Exo lumen or attached to their surface for improving the on-target delivery rate and regenerative outcomes. Despite these advantages, there are several limitations in the application of Exos in in vivo conditions. It was suggested that a set of proteins and other biological compounds are adsorbed around Exos in aqueous phases and constitute an external layer named protein corona (PC). Studies have shown that PC can affect the physicochemical properties of synthetic and natural nanoparticles (NPs) after introduction in biofluids. Likewise, PC is generated around EVs, especially Exos in in vivo conditions. This review article is a preliminary attempt to address the interfering effects of PC on Exo bioactivity and therapeutic effects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Heidarzadeh
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Peng L, Chen HG, Zhou X. Lipidomic investigation of the protective effects of Polygonum perfoliatum against chemical liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:289-301. [PMID: 36990846 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent investigations have demonstrated that Polygonum perfoliatum L. can protect against chemical liver injury, but the mechanism behind its efficacy is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the pharmacological mechanism at work in P. perfoliatum protection against chemical liver injury. METHODS To evaluate the activity of P. perfoliatum against chemical liver injury, levels of alanine transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured, alongside histological assessments of the liver, heart and kidney tissue. A nontargeted lipidomics strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was used to obtain the lipid profiles of mice with chemical liver injury and following treatment with P. perfoliatum; these profiles were used to understand the possible mechanisms behind P. perfoliatum's protective activity. RESULTS Lipidomic studies indicated that P. perfoliatum protected against chemical liver injury, and the results were consistent between histological and physiological analyses. By comparing the profiles of liver lipids in model and control mice, we found that the levels of 89 lipids were significantly changed. In animals receiving P. perfoliatum treatment, the levels of 8 lipids were significantly improved, relative to the model animals. The results showed that P. perfoliatum extract could effectively reverse the chemical liver injury and significantly improve the abnormal liver lipid metabolism of mice with chemical liver injury, especially glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Regulation of enzyme activity related to the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway may be involved in the mechanism of P. perfoliatum's protection against liver injury. Please cite this article as: Peng L, Chen HG, Zhou X. Lipidomic investigation of the protective effects of Polygonum perfoliatum against chemical liver injury in mice. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Sasset L, Chowdhury KH, Manzo OL, Rubinelli L, Konrad C, Maschek JA, Manfredi G, Holland WL, Di Lorenzo A. Sphingosine-1-phosphate controls endothelial sphingolipid homeostasis via ORMDL. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54689. [PMID: 36408842 PMCID: PMC9827560 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of sphingolipid homeostasis and signaling has been implicated in diabetes, cancer, cardiometabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, mechanisms governing cellular sensing and regulation of sphingolipid homeostasis remain largely unknown. In yeast, serine palmitoyltransferase, catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step of sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis, is negatively regulated by Orm1 and 2. Lowering sphingolipids triggers Orms phosphorylation, upregulation of serine palmitoyltransferase activity and sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis. However, mammalian orthologs ORMDLs lack the N-terminus hosting the phosphosites. Thus, which sphingolipid(s) are sensed by the cells, and mechanisms of homeostasis remain largely unknown. Here, we identify sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as key sphingolipid sensed by cells via S1PRs to maintain homeostasis. The increase in S1P-S1PR signaling stabilizes ORMDLs, restraining SPT activity. Mechanistically, the hydroxylation of ORMDLs at Pro137 allows a constitutive degradation of ORMDLs via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, preserving SPT activity. Disrupting S1PR/ORMDL axis results in ceramide accrual, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired signal transduction, all underlying endothelial dysfunction, early event in the onset of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Our discovery may provide the molecular basis for therapeutic intervention restoring sphingolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sasset
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kamrul H Chowdhury
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Utah College of HealthSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Onorina L Manzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Luisa Rubinelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Utah College of HealthSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Utah College of HealthSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Utah College of HealthSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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10
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Gulbins A, Görtz GE, Gulbins E, Eckstein A. Sphingolipids in thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170884. [PMID: 37082124 PMCID: PMC10112667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is caused by an autoimmune formation of autoantibodies and autoreactive T-cells against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). The autoimmune reaction does not only lead to overstimulation of the thyroid gland, but very often also to an immune reaction against antigens within the orbital tissue leading to thyroid eye disease, which is characterized by activation of orbital fibroblasts, orbital generation of adipocytes and myofibroblasts and increased hyaluronan production in the orbit. Thyroid eye disease is the most common extra-thyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves' disease. Several studies indicate an important role of sphingolipids, in particular the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system and sphingosine 1-phosphate in thyroid eye disease. Here, we discuss how the biophysical properties of sphingolipids contribute to cell signaling, in particular in the context of thyroid eye disease. We further review the role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in autoimmune diseases and its function in T lymphocytes to provide some novel hypotheses for the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease and potentially allowing the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja Eckstein, ; Erich Gulbins,
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11
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Goñi FM. Sphingomyelin: What is it good for? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 633:23-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Jemmett P, Milan DC, Nichols RJ, Howitt T, Martin AL, Arnold T, Rawle JL, Nicklin CL, Dafforn TR, Cox LR, Horswell SL. Influence of the Lipid Backbone on Electrochemical Phase Behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14290-14301. [PMID: 36354380 PMCID: PMC9686133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an important class of lipids found in mammalian cell membranes with important structural and signaling roles. They differ from another major group of lipids, the glycerophospholipids, in the connection of their hydrocarbon chains to their headgroups. In this study, a combination of electrochemical and structural methods has been used to elucidate the effect of this difference on sphingolipid behavior in an applied electric field. N-Palmitoyl sphingomyelin forms bilayers of similar coverage and thickness to its close analogue di-palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Grazing incidence diffraction data show slightly closer packing and a smaller chain tilt angle from the surface normal. Electrochemical IR results at low charge density show that the difference in tilt angle is retained on deposition to form bilayers. The bilayers respond differently to increasing electric field strength: chain tilt angles increase for both molecules, but sphingomyelin chains remain tilted as field strength is further increased. This behavior is correlated with disruption of the hydrogen-bonding network of small groups of sphingomyelin molecules, which may have significance for the behavior of molecules in lipid rafts in the presence of strong fields induced by ion gradients or asymmetric distribution of charged lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
N. Jemmett
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - David C. Milan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, UK
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZD, UK
| | - Thomas Howitt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexandra L. Martin
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OxfordshireOX11
0DE, UK
- European
Spallation Source ERICPO Box 176, LundSE-221
00, Sweden
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, OxfordshireOX11 0QX, UK
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BathBA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jonathan L. Rawle
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OxfordshireOX11
0DE, UK
| | - Christopher L. Nicklin
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, OxfordshireOX11
0DE, UK
| | - Timothy R. Dafforn
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Liam R. Cox
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah L. Horswell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
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13
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González-Ramírez EJ, Etxaniz A, Alonso A, Goñi FM. Phase behaviour of C18-N-acyl sphingolipids, the prevalent species in human brain. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112855. [PMID: 36137336 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomic analysis of the N-acyl components of sphingolipids in different mammalian tissues had revealed that brain tissue differed from all the other samples in that SM contained mainly C18:0 and C24:1N-acyl chains, and that the most abundant Cer species was C18:0. Only in the nervous system was C18:0 found in sizable proportions. The high levels of C18:0 and C16:0, respectively in brain and non-brain SM, were important because SM is by far the most abundant sphingolipid in the plasma membrane. In view of these observations, the present paper is devoted to a comparative study of the properties of C16:0 and C18:0 sphingolipids (SM and Cer) pure and in mixtures of increasing complexities, using differential scanning calorimetry, confocal microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles, and correlative fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy of supported lipid bilayers. Membrane rigidity was measured by force spectroscopy. It was found that in mixtures containing dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, i.e. representing the lipids predominant in the outer monolayer of cell membranes, lateral inhomogeneities occurred, with the formation of rigid domains within a continuous fluid phase. Inclusion of saturated Cer in the system was always found to increase the rigidity of the segregated domains. C18:0-based sphingolipids exhibit hydrocarbon chain-length asymmetry, and some singularities observed with this N-acyl chain, e.g. complex calorimetric endotherms, could be attributed to this property. Moreover, C18:0-based sphingolipids, that are typical of the excitable cells, were less miscible with the fluid phase than their C16:0 counterparts. The results could be interpreted as suggesting that the predominance of C18:0 Cer in the nervous system would contribute to the tightness of its plasma membranes, thus facilitating maintenance of the ion gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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14
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Nakhaee H, Zangiabadian M, Bayati R, Rahmanian M, Ghaffari Jolfayi A, Rakhshanderou S. The effect of antidepressants on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267423. [PMID: 36201406 PMCID: PMC9536564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical Depression and the subsequent low immunity is a comorbidity that can act as a risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 cases. Antidepressants such as Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are associated with immune-modulatory effects, which dismiss inflammatory responses and reduce lung tissue damage. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of antidepressant drugs on the prognosis and severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. METHODS A systematic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus up to June 14, 2022. The following keywords were used: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "2019-nCoV", "SSRI", "SNRI", "TCA", "MAOI", and "Antidepressant". A fixed or random-effect model assessed the pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. We considered P < 0.05 as statistically significant for publication bias. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, Version 2.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in our systematic review. Five of them were experimental with 2350, and nine of them were observational with 290,950 participants. Eight out of fourteen articles revealed the effect of antidepressants on reducing the severity of COVID-19. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors drugs, including Fluvoxamine, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, and Paroxetine, and among the Serotonin-norepinephrine inhibitors medications Venlafaxine, are reasonably associated with reduced risk of intubation or death. Five studies showed no significant effect, and only one high risk of bias article showed the negative effect of antidepressants on the prognosis of Covid-19. The meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that fluvoxamine could significantly decrease the severity outcomes of COVID-19 (RR: 0.763; 95% CI: 0.602-0.966, I2: 0.0). FINDINGS Most evidence supports that the use of antidepressant medications, mainly Fluvoxamine, may decrease the severity and improve the outcome in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2. Some studies showed contradictory findings regarding the effects of antidepressants on the severity of COVID-19. Further clinical trials should be conducted to clarify the effects of antidepressants on the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Nakhaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Zangiabadian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bayati
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmanian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Rakhshanderou
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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DiPasquale M, Deering TG, Desai D, Sharma AK, Amin S, Fox TE, Kester M, Katsaras J, Marquardt D, Heberle FA. Influence of ceramide on lipid domain stability studied with small-angle neutron scattering: The role of acyl chain length and unsaturation. Chem Phys Lipids 2022; 245:105205. [PMID: 35483419 PMCID: PMC9320172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides and diacylglycerols are groups of lipids capable of nucleating and stabilizing ordered lipid domains, structures that have been implicated in a range of biological processes. Previous studies have used fluorescence reporter molecules to explore the influence of ceramide acyl chain structure on sphingolipid-rich ordered phases. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to examine the ability of ceramides and diacylglycerols to promote lipid domain formation in the well-characterized domain-forming mixture DPPC/DOPC/cholesterol. SANS is a powerful, probe-free technique for interrogating membrane heterogeneity, as it is differentially sensitive to hydrogen's stable isotopes protium and deuterium. Specifically, neutron contrast is generated through selective deuteration of lipid species, thus enabling the detection of nanoscopic domains enriched in deuterated saturated lipids dispersed in a matrix of protiated unsaturated lipids. Using large unilamellar vesicles, we found that upon replacing 10 mol% DPPC with either C16:0 or C18:0 ceramide, or 16:0 diacylglycerol (dag), lipid domains persisted to higher temperatures. However, when DPPC was replaced with short chain (C6:0 or C12:0) or very long chain (C24:0) ceramides, or ceramides with unsaturated acyl chains of any length (C6:1(3), C6:1(5), C18:1, and C24:1), as well as C18:1-dag, lipid domains were destabilized, melting at lower temperatures than those in the DPPC/DOPC/cholesterol system. These results show how ceramide acyl chain length and unsaturation influence lipid domains and have implications for how cell membranes might modify their function through the generation of different ceramide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell DiPasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor N9B 3P4, ON, Canada
| | - Tye G Deering
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, University Park 16801, PA, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, University Park 16801, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, University Park 16801, PA, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA
| | - John Katsaras
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37831, TN, USA; Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37831, TN, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, TN, USA.
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor N9B 3P4, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor N9B 3P4, ON, Canada.
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16
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Zhuo C, Zhao F, Tian H, Chen J, Li Q, Yang L, Ping J, Li R, Wang L, Xu Y, Cai Z, Song X. Acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in schizophrenia: implications for therapeutic intervention as a potential novel target. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:260. [PMID: 35739089 PMCID: PMC9226132 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness, as the efficacies of current antipsychotic medications are far from satisfactory. An improved understanding of the signaling molecules involved in schizophrenia may provide novel therapeutic targets. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) catalyzes cellular membrane sphingomyelin into ceramide, which is further metabolized into sphingosine-1-phophate (S1P). ASM, ceramide, and S1P at the cell surface exert critical roles in the regulation of biophysical processes that include proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation, and are thereby considered important signaling molecules. Although research on the ASM/ceramide system is still in its infancy, structural and metabolic abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. ASM/ceramide system dysfunction is linked to the two important models of schizophrenia, the dopamine (DA) hypothesis through affecting presynaptic DA signaling, and the vulnerability-stress-inflammation model that includes the contribution of stress on the basis of genetic predisposition. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of ASM/ceramide system dysfunction in schizophrenia gained from human and animal studies, and formulate future directions from the biological landscape for the development of new treatments. Collectively, these discoveries suggest that aberrations in the ASM/ceramide system, especially in ASM activity and levels of ceramide and S1P, may alter cerebral microdomain structure and neuronal metabolism, leading to neurotransmitter (e.g., DA) dysfunction and neuroinflammation. As such, the ASM/ceramide system may offer therapeutic targets for novel medical interventions. Normalization of the aberrant ASM/ceramide system or ceramide reduction by using approved functional inhibitors of ASM, such as fluvoxamine and rosuvastatin, may improve clinical outcomes of patients with schizophrenia. These transformative findings of the ASM/ceramide system in schizophrenia, although intriguing and exciting, may pose scientific questions and challenges that will require further studies for their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing Brain Circuit, Tianjin Medical Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Hospital, 300140, Tianjin, China. .,The key Laboratory of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Comorbidity (PNGC_Lab) of Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 300222, Tianjin, China. .,Brain Micro-imaging Center of Psychiatric Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000, Wenzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222, Tianjin, China. .,Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000, Wenzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 03000, Taiyuan, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth Center Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ping
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.452461.00000 0004 1762 8478Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 03000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziyao Cai
- Key Laboratory of the Macro-Brain Neuroimaging Center of Animal Model, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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17
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Acid Sphingomyelinase Is a Modulator of Contextual Fear. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063398. [PMID: 35328819 PMCID: PMC8954852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) regulates a variety of physiological processes and plays an important role in emotional behavior. The role of ASM in fear-related behavior has not been investigated so far. Using transgenic mice overexpressing ASM (ASMtg) and ASM deficient mice, we studied whether ASM regulates fear learning and expression of cued and contextual fear in a classical fear conditioning paradigm, a model used to investigate specific attributes of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We show that ASM does not affect fear learning as both ASMtg and ASM deficient mice display unaltered fear conditioning when compared to wild-type littermates. However, ASM regulates the expression of contextual fear in a sex-specific manner. While ASM overexpression enhances the expression of contextual fear in both male and female mice, ASM deficiency reduces the expression of contextual fear specifically in male mice. The expression of cued fear, however, is not regulated by ASM as ASMtg and ASM deficient mice display similar tone-elicited freezing levels. This study shows that ASM modulates the expression of contextual fear but not of cued fear in a sex-specific manner and adds a novel piece of information regarding the involvement of ASM in hippocampal-dependent aversive memory.
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18
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Hose M, Günther A, Naser E, Schumacher F, Schönberger T, Falkenstein J, Papadamakis A, Kleuser B, Becker KA, Gulbins E, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Hansen W. Cell-intrinsic ceramides determine T cell function during melanoma progression. eLife 2022; 11:83073. [PMID: 36426850 PMCID: PMC9699697 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) and acid ceramidase (Ac) are parts of the sphingolipid metabolism. Asm hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which is further metabolized to sphingosine by Ac. Ceramide generates ceramide-enriched platforms that are involved in receptor clustering within cellular membranes. However, the impact of cell-intrinsic ceramide on T cell function is not well characterized. By using T cell-specific Asm- or Ac-deficient mice, with reduced or elevated ceramide levels in T cells, we identified ceramide to play a crucial role in T cell function in vitro and in vivo. T cell-specific ablation of Asm in Smpd1fl/fl/Cd4cre/+ (Asm/CD4cre) mice resulted in enhanced tumor progression associated with impaired T cell responses, whereas Asah1fl/fl/Cd4cre/+ (Ac/CD4cre) mice showed reduced tumor growth rates and elevated T cell activation compared to the respective controls upon tumor transplantation. Further in vitro analysis revealed that decreased ceramide content supports CD4+ regulatory T cell differentiation and interferes with cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, elevated ceramide concentration in CD8+ T cells from Ac/CD4cre mice was associated with enhanced cytotoxic activity. Strikingly, ceramide co-localized with the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD3 in the membrane of stimulated T cells and phosphorylation of TCR signaling molecules was elevated in Ac-deficient T cells. Hence, our results indicate that modulation of ceramide levels, by interfering with the Asm or Ac activity has an effect on T cell differentiation and function and might therefore represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of T cell-dependent diseases such as tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hose
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Anne Günther
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Eyad Naser
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | | | - Tina Schönberger
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Julia Falkenstein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Athanasios Papadamakis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | | | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | | | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
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19
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The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in COVID-19. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:307-314. [PMID: 34608263 PMCID: PMC8488928 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) cleaves sphingomyelin into the highly lipophilic ceramide, which forms large gel-like rafts/platforms in the plasma membrane. We showed that SARS-CoV-2 uses these platforms for cell entry. Lowering the amount of ceramide or ceramide blockade due to inhibitors of ASM, genetic downregulation of ASM, anti-ceramide antibodies or degradation by neutral ceramidase protected against infection with SARS-CoV-2. The addition of ceramide restored infection with SARS-CoV-2. Many clinically approved medications functionally inhibit ASM and are called FIASMAs (functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase). The FIASMA fluvoxamine showed beneficial effects on COVID-19 in a randomized prospective study and a prospective open-label real-world study. Retrospective and observational studies showed favorable effects of FIASMA antidepressants including fluoxetine, and the FIASMA hydroxyzine on the course of COVID-19. The ASM/ceramide system provides a framework for a better understanding of the infection of cells by SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of functional inhibitors of ASM. This framework also supports the development of new drugs or the repurposing of "old" drugs against COVID-19.
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20
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Sasset L, Di Lorenzo A. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Endothelial Cell Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:87-117. [PMID: 35503177 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium, inner layer of blood vessels, constitutes a metabolically active paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine organ, able to sense the neighboring environment and exert a variety of biological functions important to preserve the health of vasculature, tissues, and organs. Sphingolipids are both fundamental structural components of the eukaryotic membranes and signaling molecules regulating a variety of biological functions. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), bioactive sphingolipids, have emerged as important regulators of cardiovascular functions in health and disease. In this review we discuss recent insights into the role of ceramide and S1P biosynthesis and signaling in regulating endothelial cell functions, in health and diseases. We also highlight advances into the mechanisms regulating serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, with an emphasis on its inhibitors, ORMDL and NOGO-B. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis may provide the foundation for therapeutic modulation of this pathway in a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, associated with derangement of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sasset
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111682. [PMID: 34769112 PMCID: PMC8584226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.
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22
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Severity of COVID-19 Patients Predicted by Serum Sphingolipids Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910198. [PMID: 34638539 PMCID: PMC8508132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reason behind the high inter-individual variability in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and patient’s outcome is poorly understood. The present study targets the sphingolipid profile of twenty-four healthy controls and fifty-nine COVID-19 patients with different disease severity. Sera were analyzed by untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry and ELISA. Results indicated a progressive increase in dihydrosphingosine, dihydroceramides, ceramides, sphingosine, and a decrease in sphingosine-1-phosphate. These changes are associated with a serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1) increase in relation to COVID-19 severity. Severe patients showed a decrease in sphingomyelins and a high level of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) that influences monosialodihexosyl ganglioside (GM3) C16:0 levels. Critical patients are characterized by high levels of dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramide but not of glycosphingolipids. In severe and critical patients, unbalanced lipid metabolism induces lipid raft remodeling, leads to cell apoptosis and immunoescape, suggesting active sphingolipid participation in viral infection. Furthermore, results indicated that the sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolic rewiring promoted by aSMase and GM3 is age-dependent but also characteristic of severe and critical patients influencing prognosis and increasing viral load. AUCs calculated from ROC curves indicated ceramides C16:0, C18:0, C24:1, sphingosine and SPTLC1 as putative biomarkers of disease evolution.
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Kornhuber J, Gulbins E. New Molecular Targets for Antidepressant Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:894. [PMID: 34577594 PMCID: PMC8472072 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder that is usually recurrent and has a high risk of suicide. This disorder manifests not only with psychological symptoms but also multiple changes throughout the body, including increased risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated. MDD is therefore best described as a multisystem whole-body disease. Pharmacological treatment with antidepressants usually requires several weeks before the desired effects manifest. Previous theories of depression, such as the monoamine or neurogenesis hypotheses, do not explain these characteristics well. In recent years, new mechanisms of action have been discovered for long-standing antidepressants that also shed new light on depression, including the sphingolipid system and the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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24
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Sperm Lipid Markers of Male Fertility in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168767. [PMID: 34445473 PMCID: PMC8395862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm plasma membrane lipids are essential for the function and integrity of mammalian spermatozoa. Various lipid types are involved in each key step within the fertilization process in their own yet coordinated way. The balance between lipid metabolism is tightly regulated to ensure physiological cellular processes, especially referring to crucial steps such as sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction or fusion. At the same time, it has been shown that male reproductive function depends on the homeostasis of sperm lipids. Here, we review the effects of phospholipid, neutral lipid and glycolipid homeostasis on sperm fertilization function and male fertility in mammals.
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Uche L, Gooris GS, Bouwstra JA, Beddoes CM. Increased Levels of Short-Chain Ceramides Modify the Lipid Organization and Reduce the Lipid Barrier of Skin Model Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9478-9489. [PMID: 34319754 PMCID: PMC8389989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The skin barrier function is attributed to the stratum corneum (SC) intercellular lipid matrix, which is composed primarily of ceramides (CERs), free fatty acids, and cholesterol. These lipids are organized in two lamellar phases: the short and long periodicity phases (SPP and LPP), respectively. The LPP is considered important for the skin barrier function. High levels of short-chain CERs are observed in various inflammatory skin diseases and have been correlated with barrier dysfunction. In this research, we investigated how the increase in the fraction of the short-chain CER with a nonhydroxy C16 acyl chain linked to a C18 sphingosine base CER NS(C16) at the expense of the physiological chain length CER NS with a C24 acyl chain (CER NS(C24)) impacts the microstructure and barrier function of a lipid model that mimicked certain characteristics of the SC lipid organization. The permeability and lipid organization of the model membranes were compared with that of a control model without CER NS(C16). The permeability increased significantly when ≥50% of CER NS(C24) was substituted with CER NS(C16). Employing biophysical techniques, we showed that the lipid packing density reduced with an increasing proportion of CER NS(C16). Substitution of 75% of CER NS(C24) by CER NS(C16) resulted in the formation of phase-separated lipid domains and alteration of the LPP structure. Using deuterium-labeled lipids enabled simultaneous characterization of the C24 and C16 acyl chains in the lipid models, providing insight into the mechanisms underlying the reduced skin barrier function in diseased skin.
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26
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Bajtel Á, Raji M, Haukka M, Fülöp F, Szakonyi Z. Stereoselective synthesis and transformation of pinane-based 2-amino-1,3-diols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:983-990. [PMID: 34025806 PMCID: PMC8111431 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of pinane-based 2-amino-1,3-diols was synthesised in a stereoselective manner. Isopinocarveol prepared from (−)-α-pinene was converted into condensed oxazolidin-2-one in two steps by carbamate formation followed by a stereoselective aminohydroxylation process. The relative stereochemistry of the pinane-fused oxazolidin-2-one was determined by 2D NMR and X-ray spectroscopic techniques. The regioisomeric spiro-oxazolidin-2-one was prepared in a similar way starting from the commercially available (1R)-(−)-myrtenol (10). The reduction or alkaline hydrolysis of the oxazolidines, followed by reductive alkylation resulted in primary and secondary 2-amino-1,3-diols, which underwent a regioselective ring closure with formaldehyde or benzaldehyde delivering pinane-condensed oxazolidines. During the preparation of 2-phenyliminooxazolidine, an interesting ring–ring tautomerism was observed in CDCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Bajtel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Mounir Raji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, POB 35, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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27
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Xiang H, Jin S, Tan F, Xu Y, Lu Y, Wu T. Physiological functions and therapeutic applications of neutral sphingomyelinase and acid sphingomyelinase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111610. [PMID: 33957567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) can be converted into ceramide (Cer) by neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Cer is a second messenger of lipids and can regulate cell growth and apoptosis. Increasing evidence shows that NSM and ASM play key roles in many processes, such as apoptosis, immune function and inflammation. Therefore, NSM and ASM have broad prospects in clinical treatments, especially in cancer, cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis), nervous system diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease), respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and the phenotype of dwarfisms in adolescents, playing a complex regulatory role. This review focuses on the physiological functions of NSM and ASM and summarizes their roles in certain diseases and their potential applications in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglang Tan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Carpinteiro A, Gripp B, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Hoertel N, Edwards MJ, Kamler M, Kornhuber J, Becker KA, Gulbins E. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by ambroxol prevents SARS-CoV-2 entry into epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100701. [PMID: 33895135 PMCID: PMC8062550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system has been shown to be important for cellular infection with at least some viruses, for instance, rhinovirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Functional inhibition of the acid sphingomyelinase using tricyclic antidepressants prevented infection of epithelial cells, for instance with SARS-CoV-2. The structure of ambroxol, that is, trans-4-[(2,4-dibromanilin-6-yl)-methyamino]-cyclohexanol, a mucolytic drug applied by inhalation, suggests that the drug might inhibit the acid sphingomyelinase and thereby infection with SARS-CoV-2. To test this, we used vesicular stomatitis virus pseudoviral particles presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on their surface (pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike), a bona fide system for mimicking SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Viral uptake and formation of ceramide localization were determined by fluorescence microscopy, activity of the acid sphingomyelinase by consumption of [14C]sphingomyelin and ceramide was quantified by a kinase method. We found that entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike required activation of acid sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, events that were all prevented by pretreatment with ambroxol. We also obtained nasal epithelial cells from human volunteers prior to and after inhalation of ambroxol. Inhalation of ambroxol reduced acid sphingomyelinase activity in nasal epithelial cells and prevented pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced acid sphingomyelinase activation, ceramide release, and entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike ex vivo. The addition of purified acid sphingomyelinase or C16 ceramide restored entry of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike into ambroxol-treated epithelial cells. We propose that ambroxol might be suitable for clinical studies to prevent coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Remscheid, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Corentin-Celton, Département de Psychiatrie, Issy-les-Moulineaux, and Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S1266, and Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Thoracic Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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29
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Carpinteiro A, Edwards MJ, Hoffmann M, Kochs G, Gripp B, Weigang S, Adams C, Carpinteiro E, Gulbins A, Keitsch S, Sehl C, Soddemann M, Wilker B, Kamler M, Bertsch T, Lang KS, Patel S, Wilson GC, Walter S, Hengel H, Pöhlmann S, Lang PA, Kornhuber J, Becker KA, Ahmad SA, Fassbender K, Gulbins E. Pharmacological Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase Prevents Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by Epithelial Cells. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100142. [PMID: 33163980 PMCID: PMC7598530 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system plays an important role in bacterial and viral infections. Here, we report that either pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase with amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, or maprotiline or genetic downregulation of the enzyme prevents infection of cultured cells or freshy isolated human nasal epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudoviral particles (pp-VSV) presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike), a bona fide system mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection activates acid sphingomyelinase and triggers a release of ceramide on the cell surface. Neutralization or consumption of surface ceramide reduces infection with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike. Treating volunteers with a low dose of amitriptyline prevents infection of freshly isolated nasal epithelial cells with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike. The data justify clinical studies investigating whether amitriptyline, a safe drug used clinically for almost 60 years, or other antidepressants that functionally block acid sphingomyelinase prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Burger Strasse 211, 42859 Remscheid, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Adams
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sameer Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gregory C. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Syed A. Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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30
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de la Arada I, González-Ramírez EJ, Alonso A, Goñi FM, Arrondo JLR. Exploring polar headgroup interactions between sphingomyelin and ceramide with infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17606. [PMID: 33077787 PMCID: PMC7573612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a major actor in the sphingolipid signaling pathway elicited by various kinds of cell stress. Under those conditions ceramide (Cer) is produced in the plasma membrane as a product of sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis, and this may lead to apoptosis. Thus, SM and Cer coexist in the membrane for some time, and they are known to separate laterally from the (more abundant) glycerolipids, giving rise to highly rigid domains or platforms. The properties of these domains/platforms are rather well understood, but the underlying SM:Cer molecular interactions have not been explored in detail. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that provides information on all the chemical groupings in a molecule, and that can be applied to membranes and lipid bilayers in aqueous media. IR spectra can be conveniently retrieved as a function of temperature, thus revealing the thermotropic transitions of SM and its mixtures with Cer. Four regions of the IR spectrum of these sphingolipids have been examined, two of them dominated by the hydrophobic regions in the molecules, namely the C–H stretching vibrations (2800–3000 cm−1), and the CH2 scissoring vibrations (1455–1485 cm−1), and two others arising from chemical groups at the lipid-water interface, the sphingolipid amide I band (1600–1680 cm−1), and the phosphate vibrations in the 1000–1110 cm−1 region. The latter two regions have been rarely studied in the past. The IR data from the hydrophobic components show a gel (or ripple)-fluid transition of SM at 40 °C, that is shifted up to about 70 °C when Cer is added to the bilayers, in agreement with previous studies using a variety of techniques. IR information concerning the polar parts is more interesting. The amide I (carbonyl) band of pure SM exhibits a maximum at 1638 cm−1 at room temperature, and its position is shifted by about 10 cm−1 in the presence of Cer. Cer causes also a change in the overall band shape, but no signs of band splitting are seen, suggesting that SM and Cer carbonyl groups are interacting tightly, presumably through H-bonds. The 1086 cm−1 band, corresponding to PO2− vibrations, appears more stable in SM than in DPPC, and it is further stabilized by Cer, again suggesting an important role of H-bonds in the formation of SM:Cer clusters. Thus, SM and Cer can interact through their polar headgroups, in a way that is not accessible to other lipid classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor de la Arada
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - José-Luis R Arrondo
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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31
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Edwards MJ, Becker KA, Gripp B, Hoffmann M, Keitsch S, Wilker B, Soddemann M, Gulbins A, Carpinteiro E, Patel SH, Wilson GC, Pöhlmann S, Walter S, Fassbender K, Ahmad SA, Carpinteiro A, Gulbins E. Sphingosine prevents binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike to its cellular receptor ACE2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15174-15182. [PMID: 32917722 PMCID: PMC7650243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine has been shown to prevent and eliminate bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, but it is unknown whether sphingosine can be also employed to prevent viral infections. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed whether sphingosine regulates the infection of cultured and freshly isolated ex vivo human epithelial cells with pseudoviral particles expressing SARS–CoV-2 spike (pp-VSV–SARS–CoV-2 spike) that served as a bona fide system mimicking SARS–CoV-2 infection. We demonstrate that exogenously applied sphingosine suspended in 0.9% NaCl prevents cellular infection with pp-SARS–CoV-2 spike. Pretreatment of cultured Vero epithelial cells or freshly isolated human nasal epithelial cells with low concentrations of sphingosine prevented adhesion of and infection with pp-VSV–SARS–CoV-2 spike. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that sphingosine binds to ACE2, the cellular receptor of SARS–CoV-2, and prevents the interaction of the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein with ACE2. These data indicate that sphingosine prevents at least some viral infections by interfering with the interaction of the virus with its receptor. Our data also suggest that further preclinical and finally clinical examination of sphingosine is warranted for potential use as a prophylactic or early treatment for coronavirus disease-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Remscheid, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sameer H Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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González-Ramírez EJ, García-Arribas AB, Sot J, Goñi FM, Alonso A. C24:0 and C24:1 sphingolipids in cholesterol-containing, five- and six-component lipid membranes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14085. [PMID: 32839481 PMCID: PMC7445262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biophysical properties of sphingolipids containing lignoceric (C24:0) or nervonic (C24:1) fatty acyl residues have been studied in multicomponent lipid bilayers containing cholesterol (Chol), by means of confocal microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy. Lipid membranes composed of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were prepared, with the addition of different combinations of ceramides (C24:0 and/or C24:1) and sphingomyelins (C24:0 and/or C24:1). Results point to C24:0 sphingolipids, namely lignoceroyl sphingomyelin (lSM) and lignoceroyl ceramide (lCer), having higher membrane rigidifying properties than their C24:1 homologues (nervonoyl SM, nSM, or nervonoyl Cer, nCer), although with a similar strong capacity to induce segregated gel phases. In the case of the lSM-lCer multicomponent system, the segregated phases have a peculiar fibrillar or fern-like morphology. Moreover, the combination of C24:0 and C24:1 sphingolipids generates interesting events, such as a generalized bilayer dynamism/instability of supported planar bilayers. In some cases, these sphingolipids give rise to exothermic curves in thermograms. These peculiar features were not present in previous studies of C24:1 combined with C16:0 sphingolipids. Conclusions of our study point to nSM as a key factor governing the relative distribution of ceramides when both lCer and nCer are present. The data indicate that lCer could be easier to accommodate in multicomponent bilayers than its C16:0 counterpart. These results are relevant for events of membrane platform formation, in the context of sphingolipid-based signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aritz B García-Arribas
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jesús Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Bilbao, Spain
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33
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Cantalupo A, Sasset L, Gargiulo A, Rubinelli L, Del Gaudio I, Benvenuto D, Wadsack C, Jiang XC, Bucci MR, Di Lorenzo A. Endothelial Sphingolipid De Novo Synthesis Controls Blood Pressure by Regulating Signal Transduction and NO via Ceramide. Hypertension 2020; 75:1279-1288. [PMID: 32172624 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are sphingolipids that modulate a variety of cellular processes via 2 major mechanisms: functioning as second messengers and regulating membrane biophysical properties, particularly lipid rafts, important signaling platforms. Altered sphingolipid levels have been implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus-related conditions; however, molecular mechanisms by which ceramides impact endothelial functions remain poorly understood. In this regard, we generated mice defective of endothelial sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis by deleting the Sptlc2 (long chain subunit 2 of serine palmitoyltransferase)-the first enzyme of the pathway. Our study demonstrated that endothelial sphingolipid de novo production is necessary to regulate (1) signal transduction in response to NO agonists and, mainly via ceramides, (2) resting eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) phosphorylation, and (3) blood pressure homeostasis. Specifically, our findings suggest a prevailing role of C16:0-Cer in preserving vasodilation induced by tyrosine kinase and GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors), except for Gq-coupled receptors, while C24:0- and C24:1-Cer control flow-induced vasodilation. Replenishing C16:0-Cer in vitro and in vivo reinstates endothelial cell signaling and vascular tone regulation. This study reveals an important role of locally produced ceramides, particularly C16:0-, C24:0-, and C24:1-Cer in vascular and blood pressure homeostasis, and establishes the endothelium as a key source of plasma ceramides. Clinically, specific plasma ceramides ratios are independent predictors of major cardiovascular events. Our data also suggest that plasma ceramides might be indicative of the diseased state of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cantalupo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.)
| | - Linda Sasset
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.)
| | - Antonella Gargiulo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.).,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy (A.G., M.R.B.)
| | - Luisa Rubinelli
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.)
| | - Ilaria Del Gaudio
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (I.d.G., C.W.).,BioTechMed-Graz, Austria (I.d.G., C.W.)
| | - Domenico Benvenuto
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (I.d.G., C.W.).,BioTechMed-Graz, Austria (I.d.G., C.W.)
| | - Xiang-Chen Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (X.-C.J.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy (A.G., M.R.B.)
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.)
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34
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Davis DL, Mahawar U, Pope VS, Allegood J, Sato-Bigbee C, Wattenberg BW. Dynamics of sphingolipids and the serine palmitoyltransferase complex in rat oligodendrocytes during myelination. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:505-522. [PMID: 32041816 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a unique lipid-rich membrane structure that accelerates neurotransmission and supports neuronal function. Sphingolipids are critical myelin components. Yet sphingolipid content and synthesis have not been well characterized in oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS. Here, using quantitative real-time PCR, LC-MS/MS-based lipid analysis, and biochemical assays, we examined sphingolipid synthesis during the peak period of myelination in the postnatal rat brain. Importantly, we characterized sphingolipid production in isolated oligodendrocytes. We analyzed sphingolipid distribution and levels of critical enzymes and regulators in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway, with focus on the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex, the rate-limiting step in this pathway. During myelination, levels of the major SPT subunits increased and oligodendrocyte maturation was accompanied by extensive alterations in the composition of the SPT complex. These included changes in the relative levels of two alternative catalytic subunits, SPTLC2 and -3, in the relative levels of isoforms of the small subunits, ssSPTa and -b, and in the isoform distribution of the SPT regulators, the ORMDLs. Myelination progression was accompanied by distinct changes in both the nature of the sphingoid backbone and the N-acyl chains incorporated into sphingolipids. We conclude that the distribution of these changes among sphingolipid family members is indicative of a selective channeling of the ceramide backbone toward specific downstream metabolic pathways during myelination. Our findings provide insights into myelin production in oligodendrocytes and suggest how dysregulation of the biosynthesis of this highly specialized membrane could contribute to demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Usha Mahawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Victoria S Pope
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Binks W Wattenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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35
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Li C, Guo S, Pang W, Zhao Z. Crosstalk Between Acid Sphingomyelinase and Inflammasome Signaling and Their Emerging Roles in Tissue Injury and Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:378. [PMID: 32010692 PMCID: PMC6971222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes that are assembled by pattern recognition receptors following the recognition of invading pathogens or host-derived danger signals. Inflammasomes such as NLRP3 mediate the activation of caspase-1 and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. Regulation of inflammasome signaling is critical for host defense against infections and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon exposure to multiple harmful stimuli. Recent studies have highlighted an important role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in regulating inflammasome activation. ASM hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which further fuses to large ceramide-enriched platforms functioning in stabilizing and amplifying molecules and receptors. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of the ASM-ceramide system in inflammasome activation, and how it contributes to multiple diseases. Insights into such mechanisms would pave the way for further exploration of novel diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic targets against tissue injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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36
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Saikia L, Gogoi N, Das PP, Sarmah A, Punam K, Mahanta B, Bora S, Bora R. Bacillus cereus-Attributable Primary Cutaneous Anthrax-Like Infection in Newborn Infants, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1261-1270. [PMID: 31211665 PMCID: PMC6590766 DOI: 10.3201/eid2507.181493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During March 13-June 23, 2018, anthrax-like cutaneous lesions attributed to the Bacillus cereus group of organisms developed in 12 newborns in India. We traced the source of infection to the healthcare kits used for newborn care. We used multilocus sequence typing to characterize the 19 selected strains from various sources in hospital settings, including the healthcare kits. This analysis revealed the existence of a genetically diverse population comprising mostly new sequence types. Phylogenetic analysis clustered most strains into the previously defined clade I, composed primarily of pathogenic bacilli. We suggest that the synergistic interaction of nonhemolytic enterotoxin and sphingomyelinase might have a role in the development of cutaneous lesions. The infection was controlled by removing the healthcare kits and by implementing an ideal housekeeping program. All the newborns recovered after treatment with ciprofloxacin and amikacin.
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37
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González-Ramírez EJ, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Mixing brain cerebrosides with brain ceramides, cholesterol and phospholipids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13326. [PMID: 31527655 PMCID: PMC6746848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of bilayers composed of pure brain cerebroside (bCrb) or of binary mixtures of bCrb with brain ceramide, cholesterol, egg phosphatidylcholine or brain sphingomyelin have been studied using a combination of physical techniques. Pure bCrb exhibits a rather narrow gel-fluid transition centred at ≈65 °C, with a half-width at half-height T1/2 ≈ 3 °C. bCrb mixes well with both fluid and gel phospholipids and ceramide, and it rigidifies bilayers of egg phosphatidylcholine or brain sphingomyelin when the latter are in the fluid state. Cholesterol markedly widens the bCrb gel-fluid transition, while decreasing the associated transition enthalpy, in the manner of cholesterol mixtures with saturated phosphatidylcholines, or sphingomyelins. Laurdan and DPH fluorescence indicate the formation of fluid ordered phases in the bCrb:cholesterol mixtures. Macroscopic phase separation of more and less fluid domains is observed in giant unilamellar vesicles consisting of bCrb:egg phosphatidylcholine or bCrb:sphingomyelin. Crb capacity to induce bilayer permeabilization or transbilayer (flip-flop) lipid motion is much lower than those of ceramides. The mixtures explored here contained mostly bCrb concentrations >50 mol%, mimicking the situation of cell membranes in Gaucher's disease, or of the Crb-enriched microdomains proposed to exist in healthy cell plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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38
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Ramírez-Montiel F, Mendoza-Macías C, Andrade-Guillén S, Rangel-Serrano Á, Páramo-Pérez I, Rivera-Cuéllar PE, España-Sánchez BL, Luna-Bárcenas G, Anaya-Velázquez F, Franco B, Padilla-Vaca F. Plasma membrane damage repair is mediated by an acid sphingomyelinase in Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008016. [PMID: 31461501 PMCID: PMC6713333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogen that during its infective process confronts the host defenses, which damages the amoebic plasma membrane (PM), resulting in the loss of viability. However, it is unknown whether amoebic trophozoites are able to repair their PM when it is damaged. Acid sphingomyelinases (aSMases) have been reported in mammalian cells to promote endocytosis and removal of PM lesions. In this work, six predicted amoebic genes encoding for aSMases were found to be transcribed in the HM1:IMSS strain, finding that the EhaSM6 gene is the most transcribed in basal growth conditions and rendered a functional protein. The secreted aSMase activity detected was stimulated by Mg+2 and inhibited by Co+2. Trophozoites that overexpress the EhaSM6 gene (HM1-SM6HA) exhibit an increase of 2-fold in the secreted aSMase activity. This transfectant trophozoites exposed to pore-forming molecules (SLO, Magainin, β-Defensin 2 and human complement) exhibited an increase from 6 to 25-fold in the secreted aSMase activity which correlated with higher amoebic viability in a Ca+2 dependent process. However, other agents that affect the PM such as hydrogen peroxide also induced an increase of secreted aSMase, but to a lesser extent. The aSMase6 enzyme is N- and C-terminal processed. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy showed that trophozoites treated with SLO presented a migration of lysosomes containing the aSMase towards the PM, inducing the formation of membrane patches and endosomes in the control strain. These cellular structures were increased in the overexpressing strain, indicating the involvement of the aSMase6 in the PM injury repair. The pore-forming molecules induced an increase in the expression of EhaSM1, 2, 5 and 6 genes, meanwhile, hydrogen peroxide induced an increase in all of them. In all the conditions evaluated, the EhaSM6 gene exhibited the highest levels of induction. Overall, these novel findings show that the aSMase6 enzyme from E. histolytica promotes the repair of the PM damaged with pore-forming molecules to prevent losing cell integrity. This novel system could act when encountered with the lytic defense systems of the host. The host-amoeba relationship is based on a series of interplays between host defense mechanisms and parasite survival strategies. While host cells elaborate diverse mechanisms for pathogen elimination, Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites have also developed complex strategies to counteract host immune response and facilitate its own survival while confronting host defenses. E. histolytica exposed to pore-forming proteins such as β-Defensin 2, human complement and Streptolysin O (SLO), increases the activity of secreted aSMase, which is related to greater amoebic viability. Other agents that affect plasma membrane (PM) may also increase secreted aSMase but to a lesser extent. SLO form pores in the PM of E. histolytica trophozoites that initiates the uncontrolled entry of Ca2+, recognized as the primary trigger for cell responses which favors the migration of the lysosomes to the periphery of the cell, fuses with the PM and release their content, including aSMase to the external side of the cell. The secreted aSMase favoring the internalization of the lesion for its degradation in phagolysosomes. During the early stages of PM damage, the pores are rapidly blocked by patch-like structures that prevent the lysis of the trophozoite and immediately begin internalizing the lesion. The aSMase6 overexpression favors the repair of the lesion and the survival of E. histolytica trophozoites. Pore-forming proteins induced an increase in the expression of EhaSM1, 2, 5 and 6 genes, meanwhile oxidative stress induced an increase in all of them. Here we report, for the first time, that E. histolytica possess a mechanism for PM damage repair mediated by aSMase similar to the system described in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ramírez-Montiel
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Claudia Mendoza-Macías
- Departmento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sairy Andrade-Guillén
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Rangel-Serrano
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Itzel Páramo-Pérez
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Paris E. Rivera-Cuéllar
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - B. Liliana España-Sánchez
- CONACYT_Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ) S.C. Parque Tecnológico, San Fandila, Querétaro, México
| | - Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Querétaro, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Fernando Anaya-Velázquez
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- * E-mail: (BF); (FPV)
| | - Felipe Padilla-Vaca
- Departmento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- * E-mail: (BF); (FPV)
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Zeitler S, Ye L, Andreyeva A, Schumacher F, Monti J, Nürnberg B, Nowak G, Kleuser B, Reichel M, Fejtová A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C, Friedland K. Acid sphingomyelinase - a regulator of canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) activity. J Neurochem 2019; 150:678-690. [PMID: 31310676 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations propose the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system as a novel target for antidepressant action. ASM catalyzes the breakdown of the abundant membrane lipid sphingomyelin to the lipid messenger ceramide. This ASM-induced lipid modification induces a local shift in membrane properties, which influences receptor clustering and downstream signaling. Canonical transient receptor potential channels 6 (TRPC6) are non-selective cation channels located in the cell membrane that play an important role in dendritic growth, synaptic plasticity and cognition in the brain. They can be activated by hyperforin, an ingredient of the herbal remedy St. John's wort for treatment of depression disorders. Because of their role in the context of major depression, we investigated the crosstalk between the ASM/ceramide system and TRPC6 ion channels in a pheochromocytoma cell line 12 neuronal cell model (PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line). Ca2+ imaging experiments indicated that hyperforin-induced Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 channels is modulated by ASM activity. While antidepressants, known as functional inhibitors of ASM activity, reduced TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx, extracellular application of bacterial sphingomyelinase rebalanced TRPC6 activity in a concentration-related way. This effect was confirmed in whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology recordings. Lipidomic analyses revealed a decrease in very long chain ceramide/sphingomyelin molar ratio after ASM inhibition, which was connected with changes in the abundance of TRPC6 channels in flotillin-1-positive lipid rafts as visualized by western blotting. Our data provide evidence that the ASM/ceramide system regulates TRPC6 channels likely by controlling their recruitment to specific lipid subdomains and thereby fine-tuning their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lian Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aksana Andreyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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40
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Alrbyawi H, Poudel I, Dash RP, Srinivas NR, Tiwari AK, Arnold RD, Babu RJ. Role of Ceramides in Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:287. [PMID: 31410612 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides belong to the sphingolipid group of lipids, which serve as both intracellular and intercellular messengers and as regulatory molecules that play essential roles in signal transduction, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer cell degeneration. Ceramides also play an important structural role in cell membranes by increasing their rigidity, creating micro-domains (rafts and caveolae), and altering membrane permeability; all these events are involved in the cell signaling. Ceramides constitute approximately half of the lipid composition in the human skin contributing to barrier function as well as epidermal signaling as they affect both proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Incorporation of ceramides in topical preparations as functional lipids appears to alter skin barrier functions. Ceramides also appear to enhance the bioavailability of drugs by acting as lipid delivery systems. They appear to regulate the ocular inflammation signaling, and external ceramides have shown relief in the anterior and posterior eye disorders. Ceramides play a structural role in liposome formulations and enhance the cellular uptake of amphiphilic drugs, such as chemotherapies. This review presents an overview of the various biological functions of ceramides, and their utility in topical, oral, ocular, and chemotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Trigger Ca 2+-Dependent Lysosomal Trafficking of the Acid Sphingomyelinase To Enhance Surface Ceramide Levels. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00410-19. [PMID: 31160362 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00410-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lipid hydrolase that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide and that can be activated by various cellular stress mechanisms, including bacterial pathogens. Vesicle transportation or trafficking of ASM from the lysosomal compartment to the cell membrane is a prerequisite for its activation in response to bacterial infections; however, the effectors and mechanisms of ASM translocation and activation are poorly defined. Our recent work documented the key importance of ASM for Neisseria meningitidis uptake into human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). We clearly identified OpcA to be one bacterial effector promoting ASM translocation and activity, though it became clear that additional bacterial components were involved, as up to 80% of ASM activity and ceramide generation was retained in cells infected with an opcA-deficient mutant. We hypothesized that N. meningitidis might use pilus components to promote the translocation of ASM into HBMEC. Indeed, we found that both live, piliated N. meningitidis and pilus-enriched fractions trigger transient ASM surface display, followed by the formation of ceramide-rich platforms (CRPs). By using indirect immunocytochemistry and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, we show that the overall number of CRPs with a size of ∼80 nm in the plasma membrane is significantly increased after exposure to pilus-enriched fractions. Infection with live bacteria as well as exposure to pilus-enriched fractions transiently increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels in HBMEC, and this was found to be important for ASM surface display mediated by lysosomal exocytosis, as depletion of cytosolic Ca2+ resulted in a significant decrease in ASM surface levels, ASM activity, and CRP formation.
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Kim MK, Lee W, Yoon GH, Chang EJ, Choi SC, Kim SW. Links between accelerated replicative cellular senescence and down-regulation of SPHK1 transcription. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30885289 PMCID: PMC6476483 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.3.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a mechanism to diminish the proliferative capacity of cells during cell expansion using human adipose-derived stromal cells (hAD-SCs) as a model of replicative senescence. hAD-SCs of high-passage numbers exhibited a reduced proliferative capacity with accelerated cellular senescence. Levels of key bioactive sphingolipids were significantly increased in these senescent hAD-SCs. Notably, the transcription of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) was down-regulated in hAD-SCs at high-passage numbers. SPHK1 knockdown as well as inhibition of its enzymatic activity impeded the proliferation of hAD-SCs, with concomitant induction of cellular senescence and accumulation of sphingolipids, as seen in high-passage cells. SPHK1 knockdown-accelerated cellular senescence was attenuated by co-treatment with sphingosine-1-phosphate and an inhibitor of ceramide synthesis, fumonisin B1, but not by treatment with either one alone. Together, these results suggest that transcriptional down-regulation of SPHK1 is a critical inducer of altered sphingolipid profiles and enhances replicative senescence during multiple rounds of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Wooseong Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Gang-Ho Yoon
- Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sun-Cheol Choi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Bernardes N, Fialho AM. Perturbing the Dynamics and Organization of Cell Membrane Components: A New Paradigm for Cancer-Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3871. [PMID: 30518103 PMCID: PMC6321595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-process disease where different mechanisms exist in parallel to ensure cell survival and constant adaptation to the extracellular environment. To adapt rapidly, cancer cells re-arrange their plasma membranes to sustain proliferation, avoid apoptosis and resist anticancer drugs. In this review, we discuss novel approaches based on the modifications and manipulations that new classes of molecules can exert in the plasma membrane lateral organization and order of cancer cells, affecting growth factor signaling, invasiveness, and drug resistance. Furthermore, we present azurin, an anticancer protein from bacterial origin, as a new approach in the development of therapeutic strategies that target the cell membrane to improve the existing standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Bernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Arsenio M Fialho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Manni MM, Sot J, Arretxe E, Gil-Redondo R, Falcón-Pérez JM, Balgoma D, Alonso C, Goñi FM, Alonso A. The fatty acids of sphingomyelins and ceramides in mammalian tissues and cultured cells: Biophysical and physiological implications. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 217:29-34. [PMID: 30359584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids consist of a sphingoid base N-linked to a fatty acyl chain. Among them, sphingomyelins (SM) are major components of mammalian cells, while ceramide (Cer) plays an important role as a lipid second messenger. We have performed a quantitative lipidomic study of Cer and SM species in different mammalian tissues (adipose tissue, liver, brain and blood serum of human, mice, rat and dog), as well as in cell cultures of mammalian origin (primary hepatocytes, immortalized MDCK cells, mice melanoma b16 cells, and mice primary CD4 + T lymphocytes) using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS)-based platform. The data have been compared with published, in general semi-quantitative, results from 20 other samples, with good agreement. The sphingoid base was predominantly d18-1 sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol) in all cases. The fatty acid composition of SM was clearly different from that of Cer. In virtually all samples the most abundant Cer species were those containing C24:0 and C24:1 in their N-acyl chains, while the main species contained in SM was C16:0. Brain was the most divergent tissue, in which Cer and SM C18:0 were very abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Manni
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Enara Arretxe
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Rubén Gil-Redondo
- CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Balgoma
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Fanani ML, Busto JV, Sot J, Abad JL, Fabrías G, Saiz L, Vilar JMG, Goñi FM, Maggio B, Alonso A. Clearly Detectable, Kinetically Restricted Solid-Solid Phase Transition in cis-Ceramide Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11749-11758. [PMID: 30183303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine [(2 S,3 R,4 E)-2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol] is the most common sphingoid base in mammals. Ceramides are N-acyl sphingosines. Numerous small variations on this canonical structure are known, including the 1-deoxy, the 4,5-dihydro, and many others. However, whenever there is a Δ4 double bond, it adopts the trans (or E) configuration. We synthesized a ceramide containing 4 Z-sphingosine and palmitic acid ( cis-pCer) and studied its behavior in the form of monolayers extended on an air-water interface. cis-pCer acted very differently from the trans isomer in that, upon lateral compression of the monolayer, a solid-solid transition was clearly observed at a mean molecular area ≤44 Å2·molecule-1, whose characteristics depended on the rate of compression. The solid-solid transition, as well as states of domain coexistence, could be imaged by atomic force microscopy and by Brewster-angle microscopy. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations provided results compatible with the experimentally observed differences between the cis and trans isomers. The data can help in the exploration of other solid-solid transitions in lipids, both in vitro and in vivo, that have gone up to now undetected because of their less obvious change in surface properties along the transition, as compared to cis-pCer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon V Busto
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - José L Abad
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Departamento de Química Biológica , Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC) , Barcelona 08034 , Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrías
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Departamento de Química Biológica , Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC) , Barcelona 08034 , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd) , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Leonor Saiz
- Modeling of Biological Networks and Systems Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of California , 451 East Health Sciences Drive , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jose M G Vilar
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | | | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , B. Sarriena s/n , 48940 Leioa , Spain
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Holowka D, Thanapuasuwan K, Baird B. Short chain ceramides disrupt immunoreceptor signaling by inhibiting segregation of Lo from Ld Plasma membrane components. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.034702. [PMID: 30097519 PMCID: PMC6176950 DOI: 10.1242/bio.034702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid phase heterogeneity in plasma membranes is thought to play a key role in targeting cellular signaling, but efforts to test lipid raft and related hypotheses are limited by the spatially dynamic nature of these phase-based structures in cells and by experimental characterization tools. We suggest that perturbation of plasma membrane structure by lipid derivatives offers a general method for assessing functional roles for ordered lipid regions in membrane and cell biology. We previously reported that short chain ceramides with either C2 or C6 acyl chains inhibit antigen-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization (Gidwani et al., 2003). We now show that these short chain ceramides inhibit liquid order (Lo)-liquid disorder (Ld) phase separation in giant plasma membrane vesicles that normally occurs at low temperatures. Furthermore, they are effective inhibitors of tyrosine phosphorylation stimulated by antigen, as well as store-operated Ca2+ entry. In Jurkat T cells, C6-ceramide is also effective at inhibiting Ca2+ mobilization stimulated by either anti-TCR or thapsigargin, consistent with the view that these short chain ceramides effectively interfere with functional responses that depend on ordered lipid regions in the plasma membrane. Summary: Our manuscript describes how perturbation of plasma membrane structure by short chain ceramides offers a general method for assessing functional roles for ordered lipid regions in membrane and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Kankanit Thanapuasuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Barbara Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation by anti-depressants inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1175-1182. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAcid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is the rate-limiting enzyme cleaving sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholin. CD4+Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) cells depend on CD28 signaling for their survival and function, a receptor that activates the ASM. Both, basal and CD28-induced ASM activities are higher in Treg cells than in conventional CD4+T (Tconv) cells. In ASM-deficient (Smpd1−/−) as compared to wt mice, membranes of T cells contain 7–10-fold more sphingomyelin and two- to three-fold more ceramide, and are in a state of higher order than membranes of T cells from wt mice, which may facilitate their activation. Indeed, the frequency of Treg cells among CD4+T cells in ASM-deficient mice and their suppressive activityin vitroare increased. Moreover,in vitrostimulation of ASM-deficient T cells in the presence of TGF-β and IL-2 leads to higher numbers of induced Treg cells. Pharmacological inhibition of the ASM with a clinically used tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline in mice or in tissue culture of murine or human T cells induces higher frequencies of Treg cells among CD4+T cells within a few days. This fast alteration of the balance between T cell populationsin vitrois due to the elevated cell death of Tconv cells and protection of the CD25highTreg cells by IL-2. Together, these findings suggest that ASM-inhibiting antidepressants, including a fraction of the serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are moderately immunosuppressive and should be considered for the therapy of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Morrison RJ, Hoveyda AH. γ-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Addition of MEMO-Substituted Allylboron Compounds to Aldimines Catalyzed by Organoboron-Ammonium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Morrison
- Department of Chemistry; Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College; Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry; Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College; Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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Morrison RJ, Hoveyda AH. γ-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Addition of MEMO-Substituted Allylboron Compounds to Aldimines Catalyzed by Organoboron-Ammonium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11654-11661. [PMID: 29969173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The first catalytic, broadly applicable, efficient, γ-, diastereo-, and enantioselective method for addition of O-substituted allyl-B(pin) compounds to phosphinoylimines (MEM=methoxyethoxymethyl, pin=pinacolato) is presented. The identity of the most effective catalyst and the optimal protecting group for the organoboron reagent were determined by consideration of the steric and electronic requirements at different stages of the catalytic cycle, namely, the generation of the chiral allylboronate, the subsequent 1,3-borotropic shift, and the addition step. Aryl-, heteroaryl-, alkenyl- and alkyl-substituted vicinal phosphinoylamido MEM-ethers were thus accessed in 57-92 % yield, 89:11 to >98:2 γ:α selectivity, 76:24-97:3 diastereomeric ratio, and 90:10-99:1 enantiomeric ratio. The method is scalable, and the phosphinoyl and MEM groups may be removed selectively or simultaneously. Utility is highlighted by enantioselective synthesis of an NK-1 receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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50
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Traceless synthesis of ceramides in living cells reveals saturation-dependent apoptotic effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7485-7490. [PMID: 29967152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804266115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells synthesize thousands of distinct lipids, yet the function of many of these lipid species is unknown. Ceramides, a class of sphingolipid, are implicated in several cell-signaling pathways but poor cell permeability and lack of selectivity in endogenous synthesis pathways have hampered direct study of their effects. Here we report a strategy that overcomes the inherent biological limitations of ceramide delivery by chemoselectively ligating lipid precursors in vivo to yield natural ceramides in a traceless manner. Using this method, we uncovered the apoptotic effects of several ceramide species and observed differences in their apoptotic activity based on acyl-chain saturation. Additionally, we demonstrate spatiotemporally controlled ceramide synthesis in live cells through photoinitiated lipid ligation. Our in situ lipid ligation approach addresses the long-standing problem of lipid-specific delivery and enables the direct study of unique ceramide species in live cells.
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