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Ali MS, Lee EB, Quah Y, Sayem SAJ, Abbas MA, Suk K, Lee SJ, Park SC. Modulating effects of heat-killed and live Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 on the immune response and gut microbiota of cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38682319 PMCID: PMC11060015 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2344765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed (hLR) and live Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 (LR; formerly Lactobacillus reuteri PSC102) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were stimulated with hLR and LR for 24 h. Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with three doses of hLR (L-Low, M-Medium, and H-High) and LR for 3 weeks. The phagocytic capacity, production of nitric oxide (NO), and expression of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells were measured, and the different parameters of immunity in rats were determined. hLR and LR treatments promoted phagocytic activity and induced the production of NO and the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Cox-2 in macrophage cells. In the in vivo experiment, hLR and LR treatments significantly increased the immune organ indices, alleviated the spleen injury, and ameliorated the number of white blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and mid-range absolute counts in immunosuppressive rats. hLR and LR increased neutrophil migration and phagocytosis, splenocyte proliferation, and T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, and CD28+). The levels of immune factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in the hLR and LR groups were upregulated compared with those in the CTX-treatment group. hLR and LR treatments could also modulate the gut microbiota composition, thereby increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes but decreasing the level of Proteobacteria. hLR and LR protected against CTX-induced adverse reactions by modulating the immune response and gut microbiota composition. Therefore, they could be used as potential immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sekendar Ali
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yixian Quah
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Aleem Abbas
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Merenstein DJ, Barrett B, Ebell MH. Antibiotics Not Associated with Shorter Duration or Reduced Severity of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:1887-1894. [PMID: 38619737 PMCID: PMC11282002 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic use remains common for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic use on the duration and severity of acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). PARTICIPANTS Adult patients presenting to US primary or urgent care sites with a chief complaint of cough and symptoms consistent with LRTI. MAIN MEASURES Collected data included demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, and 48 viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens by PCR. Severity of signs/symptoms was reported for up to 28 days using diaries and text messages. Interpolation was used where data were missing. KEY RESULTS Of 718 patients with baseline data, 29% had an antibiotic prescribed at baseline. The most common antibiotics were amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin in 85% of patients. Provision of an antibiotic had no effect on the duration or overall severity of cough, including in patients with viral, bacterial, and mixed infections. Receipt of an antibiotic did reduce the likelihood of a follow-up visit (14.1% vs 8.2%, aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.84), perhaps by removing the motivation of getting an antibiotic at a follow-up visit. However, they were also more likely to receive a systemic corticosteroid (31.9% vs 4.5%, p < 0.001) and were also more likely to receive an albuterol inhaler (22.7% vs 7.6%, p < 0.001). Patients believed that receiving an antibiotic would reduce the duration of their illness by nearly 4 days. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study in the US primary and urgent care setting, antibiotics had no measurable impact on the severity or duration of cough due to acute LRTI. Patients had unrealistic expectations regarding the duration of LRTI and the effect of antibiotics which should be the target of antibiotic stewardship efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Human Science, School of Health, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark H Ebell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Kizilbash SJ, Connolly H, Bartosh S, Zahr R, Al-Akash S, Chishti A, Mansuri A, Tawadrous H, Jain NG. Probiotic use in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: What are current practices, and are they evidence-based? A pediatric nephrology research consortium study. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14790. [PMID: 38837638 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are living microorganisms that may confer health benefits to their host if administered in sufficient quantities. However, data on the use of probiotics in transplant recipients are scarce. METHOD This multi-center survey of pediatric nephrologists aimed to examine variations in practice regarding the use of probiotics in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The survey was conducted via a 10-item questionnaire (developed in Survey Monkey) administered to pediatric nephrologists participating in the Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium meeting in April 2023. RESULTS Sixty-four pediatric nephrologists completed the survey. Twenty-seven (42.2%) respondents reported having prescribed probiotics to pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The primary reason for probiotic use was the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (n = 20), with other reasons including recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (n = 15), general gut health promotion (n = 12), recurrent urinary tract infections (n = 8), and parental request (n = 1). Of those who prescribed probiotics, 48.1% held them during periods of neutropenia and 14.8% during central venous line use. Of the 64 respondents, 20 reported the lack of safety data as a concern for using probiotics in kidney transplant recipients. CONCLUSION Pediatric nephrologists are increasingly prescribing probiotics to pediatric kidney transplant recipients; nevertheless, substantial practice variations exist. The paucity of safety data is a significant deterrent to probiotic use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kizilbash
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - H Connolly
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - S Bartosh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - R Zahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S Al-Akash
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A Chishti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - A Mansuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Georgia, Medical college of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - H Tawadrous
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - N G Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Chen T. Simultaneous application of oral and intravaginal probiotics for Helicobacter pylori and its antibiotic-therapy-induced vaginal dysbacteriosis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38902244 PMCID: PMC11190290 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent bacterial pathogen globally, implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders. Current recommended antibiotic therapies for H. pylori infection have been proven to be therapeutically insufficient, with low eradication rates and high recurrence rates. Emerging evidence suggests that antibiotic therapy for H. pylori can lead to gastrointestinal and subsequent vaginal dysbiosis, posing challenges for conventional antibiotic approaches. Thus, this article proposes a novel probiotic therapy involving simultaneous oral and intra-vaginal probiotic administration alongside antibiotics for H. pylori treatment, aiming to enhance eradication rates and mitigate dysbiosis. We begin by providing an overview of gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota and their interconnectedness through the vagina-gut axis. We then review the efficacy of current antibiotic regimens for H. pylori and discuss how antibiotic treatment impacts the vaginal microenvironment. To explore the feasibility of this approach, we evaluate the effectiveness of oral and intra-vaginal probiotics in restoring normal microbiota in the gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts, respectively. Additionally, we analyze the direct mechanisms by which oral and intra-vaginal probiotics act on their respective tracts and discuss potential cross-tract mechanisms. Considering the potential synergistic therapeutic effects of probiotics in both the gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts, dual-channel probiotic therapy holds promise as a more effective approach for H. pylori eradication and dysbiosis mitigation, presenting a novel concept in the collaborative treatment of gastrointestinal and genital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Kango N, Nath S. Prebiotics, Probiotics and Postbiotics: The Changing Paradigm of Functional Foods. J Diet Suppl 2024; 21:709-735. [PMID: 38881201 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2363199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The rampant use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug resistance and is often coupled with gut dysbiosis. To circumvent the harmful impact of antibiotics, probiotics have emerged as an effective intervention. However, while the new probiotics are being added to the list, more recently, the nature and role of their counterparts, viz. prebiotics, postbiotics and parabiotics have also drawn considerable attention. As such, intricate relationships among these gut-biotics vis-à-vis their role in imparting health benefits is to be delineated in a holistic manner. Prebiotic dietary fibers are selectively fermented by probiotics and promote their colonization in the gut. The proliferation of probiotics leads to production of fermentation by-products (postbiotics) which affect the growth of enteropathogens by lowering the pH and producing inhibitory bacteriocins. After completing life-cycle, their dead remnants (parabiotics e.g. exopolysaccharides and cell wall glycoproteins) also inhibit adhesion and biofilm formation of pathogens on the gut epithelium. These beneficial effects are not just endemic to gut but a systemic response is witnessed at different gut-organ axes. Thus, to decipher the role of probiotics, it is imperative to unravel the interdependence between these components. This review elaborates on the recent advancements on various aspects of these gut-biotics and the mechanism of potential attributes like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-lipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Suresh Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Li Z, Peng C, Sun Y, Zhang T, Feng C, Zhang W, Huang T, Yao G, Zhang H, He Q. Both viable Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 and heat-killed cells alleviate the intestinal inflammation of DSS-induced IBD rats. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0350923. [PMID: 38647334 PMCID: PMC11237488 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03509-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In view of the safety concerns of probiotics, more and more attention is paid to the beneficial effects of dead probiotics cells. Herein, we investigated and compared the alleviation effects of viable Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 (B. infantis B8762) and its heat-killed cells on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rats. Four groups of rats (n = 12 per group) were included: normal control, DSS-induced colitis rats without bacterial administration (DSS), DSS-induced colitis rats with viable B. infantis B8762 administration (VB8762), and DSS-induced colitis rats with dead B. infantis B8762 administration (DB8762). Our results showed that both VB8762 and DB8762 administration exerted significant protective effects on DSS-induced IBD rats, as evidenced by a reduction in mortality, disease activity index score, body weight loss, as well as decreased histology score, which were companied by a significant decrease in serum pro-inflammatory factors compared with DSS group, and a stronger effect on modulating the fecal microbiota alpha-diversity and beta-diversity compared with DSS group. Additionally, the fecal metabolome results showed that both VB8762 and DB8762 interventions indeed altered the fecal metabolome profile and related metabolic pathways of DSS-induced IBD rats. Therefore, given the alleviation effects on colitis, the DB8762 can be confirmed to be a postbiotic. Overall, our findings suggested that VB8762 and DB8762 had similar ability to alleviate IBD although with some differences. Due to the minimal safety concern of postbiotics, we propose that the postbiotic DB8762 could be a promising alternative to probiotics to be applied in the prevention and treatment of IBDs.IMPORTANCEInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has emerged as a global disease because of the worldwide spread of western diets and lifestyles during industrialization. Up to now, many probiotic strains are used as a modulator of gut microbiota or an enhancer of gut barrier to alleviate or cure IBD. However, there are still many issues of using probiotics, which were needed to be concerned about, for instance, safety issues in certain groups like neonates and vulnerable populations, and the functional differences between viable and dead microorganisms. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the beneficial effects of dead probiotics cells. The present study proved that both viable Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 and heat-killed cells could alleviate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats. The findings help to support that some heat-killed probiotics cells can also exert relevant biological functions and can be used as a postbiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuantao Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cuijiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guoqiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiuwen He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Ribeiro JL, Santos TA, Garcia MT, Carvalho BFDC, Esteves JECS, Moraes RM, Anbinder AL. Heat-killed Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304358. [PMID: 38820403 PMCID: PMC11142514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important health problem that occurs due to an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Hormonal deficiency post-menopause is a significant risk factor. The probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri has been reported to prevent ovariectomy (Ovx)-induced bone loss in mice and reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women. Despite the numerous health benefits of probiotics, as they are live bacteria, the administration is not risk-free for certain groups (e.g., neonates and immunosuppressed patients). We evaluated the effects of L. reuteri (ATCC PTA 6475) and its heat-killed (postbiotic) form on Ovx-induced bone loss. Adult female mice (BALB/c) were randomly divided into four groups: group C-control (sham); group OVX-C-Ovx; group OVX-POS-Ovx + heat-killed probiotic; group OVX-PRO-Ovx + probiotic. L. reuteri or the postbiotic was administered to the groups (1.3x109 CFU/day) by gavage. Bacterial morphology after heat treatment was accessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treatment started one week after Ovx and lasted 28 days (4 weeks). The animals were euthanized at the end of the treatment period. Bone microarchitecture and ileum Occludin and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression were evaluated by computed microtomography and qPCR techniques, respectively. The Ovx groups had lower percentage of bone volume (BV/TV) and number of bone trabeculae as well as greater total porosity compared to the control group. Treatment with live and heat-killed L. reuteri resulted in higher BV/TV and trabecular thickness than the Ovx group. The heat treatment caused some cell surface disruptions, but its structure resembled that of the live probiotic in SEM analysis. There were no statistical differences in Occludin, Il-6 and Tnf-α gene expression. Both viable and heat-killed L. reuteri prevented bone loss on ovariectomized mice, independently of gut Occludin and intestinal Il-6 and Tnf-α gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Lemes Ribeiro
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Aguiar Santos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Mendonça Moraes
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ivashkin VТ, Mayev IV, Tsarkov РV, Korolev МР, Andreev DN, Baranskaya ЕК, Bordin DS, Burkov SG, Derinov АА, Efetov SК, Lapina ТL, Pavlov РV, Pirogov SS, Poluektova ЕА, Tkachev АV, Trukhmanov АS, Uljanin АI, Fedorov ЕD, Sheptulin АА. Diagnostics and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer in Adults (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, the Russian Society of Colorectal Surgeons, the Russian Endoscopic Society and the Scientific Society for the Clinical Study of Human Microbiome). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2024; 34:101-131. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2024-34-2-101-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Aim. The guidelines set out the modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of peptic ulcer and are created for gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, general practitioners, surgeons, endoscopists.Key points. The clinical guidelines contain modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer, its clinical features, methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, the main approaches to conservative and surgical treatment. They include the criteria for assessment of the quality of medical care, the algorithm of the doctor's actions, as well as information for the patient.Conclusion. Knowledge of modern methods of diagnostics and therapy of peptic ulcers will contribute to improving the results of its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Т. Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I. V. Mayev
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Р. V. Tsarkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - D. N. Andreev
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Е. К. Baranskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - D. S. Bordin
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Science Center
| | - S. G. Burkov
- Polyclinic No. 3 of Presidential Administration of Russian Federation
| | - А. А. Derinov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - S. К. Efetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - Т. L. Lapina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - Р. V. Pavlov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - S. S. Pirogov
- P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center — Branch of “National Medical Research Radiological Center”
| | - Е. А. Poluektova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - А. S. Trukhmanov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - А. I. Uljanin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - Е. D. Fedorov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - А. А. Sheptulin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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Heston SM, Hurst JH, Kelly MS. Understanding the influence of the microbiome on childhood infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38605646 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2340664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The microbiome is known to have a substantial impact on human health and disease. However, the impacts of the microbiome on immune system development, susceptibility to infectious diseases, and vaccine-elicited immune responses are emerging areas of interest. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of development of the microbiome during childhood. We highlight available data suggesting that the microbiome is critical to maturation of the immune system and modifies susceptibility to a variety of infections during childhood and adolescence, including respiratory tract infections, Clostridioides difficile infection, and sexually transmitted infections. We discuss currently available and investigational therapeutics that have the potential to modify the microbiome to prevent or treat infections among children. Finally, we review the accumulating evidence that the gut microbiome influences vaccine-elicited immune responses among children. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in sequencing technologies have led to an explosion of studies associating the human microbiome with the risk and severity of infectious diseases. As our knowledge of the extent to which the microbiome influences childhood infections continues to grow, microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics will increasingly be incorporated into clinical practice to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heston
- Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Jillian H Hurst
- Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, UK
| | - Matthew S Kelly
- Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, UK
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10
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Chen See JR, Leister J, Wright JR, Kruse PI, Khedekar MV, Besch CE, Kumamoto CA, Madden GR, Stewart DB, Lamendella R. Clostridioides difficile infection is associated with differences in transcriptionally active microbial communities. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1398018. [PMID: 38680911 PMCID: PMC11045941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1398018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is responsible for around 300,000 hospitalizations yearly in the United States, with the associated monetary cost being billions of dollars. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is known to be important to CDI. To the best of our knowledge, metatranscriptomics (MT) has only been used to characterize gut microbiome composition and function in one prior study involving CDI patients. Therefore, we utilized MT to investigate differences in active community diversity and composition between CDI+ (n = 20) and CDI- (n = 19) samples with respect to microbial taxa and expressed genes. No significant (Kruskal-Wallis, p > 0.05) differences were detected for richness or evenness based on CDI status. However, clustering based on CDI status was significant for both active microbial taxa and expressed genes datasets (PERMANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, differential feature analysis revealed greater expression of the opportunistic pathogens Enterocloster bolteae and Ruminococcus gnavus in CDI+ compared to CDI- samples. When only fungal sequences were considered, the family Saccharomycetaceae expressed more genes in CDI-, while 31 other fungal taxa were identified as significantly (Kruskal-Wallis p ≤ 0.05, log(LDA) ≥ 2) associated with CDI+. We also detected a variety of genes and pathways that differed significantly (Kruskal-Wallis p ≤ 0.05, log(LDA) ≥ 2) based on CDI status. Notably, differential genes associated with biofilm formation were expressed by C. difficile. This provides evidence of another possible contributor to C. difficile's resistance to antibiotics and frequent recurrence in vivo. Furthermore, the greater number of CDI+ associated fungal taxa constitute additional evidence that the mycobiome is important to CDI pathogenesis. Future work will focus on establishing if C. difficile is actively producing biofilms during infection and if any specific fungal taxa are particularly influential in CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin R. Wright
- Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA, United States
- Wright Labs LLC, Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Carol A. Kumamoto
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory R. Madden
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - David B. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
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11
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Abdulah DM, Sulaiman SJ, Ahmed ZW. Effect of probiotics plus zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Pediatr 2024; 67:203-212. [PMID: 38374706 PMCID: PMC10990653 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings are conflicting regarding the effect of zinc supplementation on disease severity in children with acute gastroenteritis. PURPOSE To examine the effects of probiotics and zinc on the clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, children with mild or moderate to severe acute gastroenteritis in the Kurdistan Region from November 2021 to June 2022 were diagnosed clinically and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group (n=50) received probiotics and zinc, whereas the control group (n=51) received probiotics alone for 1 week. The product contained live Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (10×106 colony-forming units/day for 7 days). Zinc syrup was administered to the probiotic plus zinc group. Each 5 mL of syrup contained 15 mg of zinc sulfate. Dehydration and disease severity in both groups were measured using the Clinical Dehydration Scale and the Modified Vesikari Scale, respectively. An illness episode was defined as an episode of gastroenteritis with a total score of ≥9 on the Modified Vesikari Scale (range, 0-20). RESULTS The probiotic and probiotic plus zinc groups were similar in age (1.79 years vs. 1.69 years, respectively; P= 0.645), sex (male/female ratio: 1.43 and 1.0, respectively; P=0.373), and medical characteristics. The groups had similar mean dehydration and disease severity scores and a similar incidence of dehydration recovery (some dehydration, 3.92% and 4.00%, respectively; P=1.000), and recovery from mild gastroenteritis (0.0% and 2.0%, respectively; P=0.495) at 2 weeks. Significant decreases in mean dehydration severity and disease severity score (1.80 to 0 and 6.66 to 0, respectively; P<0.001) and the development of dehydration (some dehydration, from 94.0% to 4.0%; P<0.001) from baseline to 2 weeks were noted in the probiotics plus zinc group. The probiotics group responded similarly. The development of mild gastroenteritis was significantly reduced from baseline to 2 weeks (90.2% to 0% and 78.0% to 2.0% in the probiotics and probiotics plus zinc groups, respectively; P<0.0001). The probiotics plus zinc group had a shorter mean recovery time (1.34 days vs. 2.00 days, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSION Taking probiotics plus zinc did not significantly affect disease severity in children with gastroenteritis at 2 weeks. However, the probiotics plus zinc group recovered more quickly than the probiotics group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deldar Morad Abdulah
- Community and Maternity Health Nursing Unit, College of Nursing, University of Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Saad Jbraeil Sulaiman
- Psychiatry and Pediatric Nursing Unit, College of Nursing, University of Duhok-Iraq, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Zaid Waad Ahmed
- Psychiatry and Pediatric Nursing Unit, College of Nursing, University of Duhok-Iraq, Duhok, Iraq
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12
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Nasiri G, Azimirad M, Goudarzi H, Amirkamali S, Yadegar A, Ghalavand Z, Shahrokh S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. The inhibitory effects of live and UV-killed Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivatives on cytotoxicity and inflammatory response induced by Clostridioides difficile RT001 in vitro. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:393-409. [PMID: 37479958 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. Probiotics are widely recommended to prevent CDI and its recurrences. Akkermansia muciniphila, as a therapeutic symbiont colonizing the intestinal mucosal layer, is considered to be a promising next-generation probiotic. In this work, we assessed the inhibitory effects of A. muciniphila MucT and its derivatives on cytotoxicity and inflammatory response induced by C. difficile RT001 in Caco-2 cells. The results obtained from SEM revealed that the morphology of UV-killed A. muciniphila remained unchanged after UV inactivation. TEM analysis showed that A. muciniphila-isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) were spherical and ranged from 50 to 200 nm in size. Toxigenic supernatant (Tox-S) of C. difficile RT001 (500 μg/ml) significantly (P <0.01) reduced the cell viability of Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells treated with live (MOI 10), UV-killed (MOI 10), cell-free supernatant (CFS, 106 cfu/ml), and EVs (20 μg/ml) of A. muciniphila exhibited over 90% viability in comparison to untreated control. The neutralized CFS preparation using A. muciniphila and its derivatives could notably reduce the expression level of inflammatory markers. Additionally, A. muciniphila and its derivatives modulated the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells. We demonstrated that A. muciniphila and its derivatives can modulate changes in the gut barrier-related genes and inflammatory response caused by C. difficile Tox-S in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelareh Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Amirkamali
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Waitzberg D, Guarner F, Hojsak I, Ianiro G, Polk DB, Sokol H. Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis? Adv Ther 2024; 41:901-914. [PMID: 38286962 PMCID: PMC10879266 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis corresponds to the disruption of a formerly stable, functionally complete microbiota. In the gut, this imbalance can lead to adverse health outcomes in both the short and long terms, with a potential increase in the lifetime risks of various noncommunicable diseases and disorders such as atopy (like asthma), inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders, and even behavioural and psychological disorders. Although antibiotics are highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common, non-negligible clinical sign of gut dysbiosis (and the only visible one). Re-establishment of a normal (functional) gut microbiota is promoted by completion of the clinically indicated course of antibiotics, the removal of any other perturbing external factors, the passage of time (i.e. recovery through the microbiota's natural resilience), appropriate nutritional support, and-in selected cases-the addition of probiotics. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials have confirmed the strain-specific efficacy of some probiotics (notably the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and the bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) in the treatment and/or prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and in adults. Unusually for a probiotic, S. boulardii is a eukaryote and is not therefore directly affected by antibiotics-making it suitable for administration in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. A robust body of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses shows that the timely administration of an adequately dosed probiotic (upon initiation of antibiotic treatment or within 48 h) can help to prevent or resolve the consequences of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis (such as diarrhoea) and promote the resilience of the gut microbiota and a return to the pre-antibiotic state. A focus on the prescription of evidence-based, adequately dosed probiotics should help to limit unjustified and potentially ineffective self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Waitzberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, LIM-35, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Centre for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie Dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France.
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14
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Watkin S, Yongblah F, Burton J, Hartley JC, Cloutman-Green E. Clostridioides difficile detection and infection in children: are they just small adults? J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38526913 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a well-recognized healthcare-associated pathogen, with its significance widely recognized in adult populations. Despite this, there is limited data on the significance of detection within paediatric populations, both for individual patient management and wider transmission risk-based considerations. High rates of colonization are understood to occur in infants, with increasing levels up to 11 months, and colonization rates similar to adults by 8 years old. Sources of C. difficile are ubiquitous, with detection in companion animals and food sources, as well as within the clinical and wider environment. Due to the close interactions that occur between children and the environment, it is understandable that increasing recognition is afforded to the community acquisition of C. difficile in children. Other risk factors for the detection of C. difficile in children are similar to those observed in adults, including prior hospitalization and underlying conditions affecting gut health and motility. Recent studies have shown rising awareness of the role of asymptomatic carriage of C. difficile in healthcare transmission. Prior to this, paediatric patient populations were less likely to be screened due to uncertainty regarding the significance of detection; however, this increased awareness has led to a review of possible carriage testing pathways. Despite this increased attention, C. difficile infection remains poorly defined in paediatric populations, with limited dedicated paediatric data sets making comparison challenging. This is further complicated by the fact that infection in children frequently self resolves without additional therapies. Due to this, C. difficile remains a management challenge in paediatric settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Watkin
- Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, University College London, Chadwick Building, London, UK
| | - Francis Yongblah
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK
| | - James Burton
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK
| | - John C Hartley
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK
| | - Elaine Cloutman-Green
- Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, University College London, Chadwick Building, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK
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15
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Ivashkin VT, Fomin VV, Tkacheva ON, Medvedev OS, Poluektova EA, Abdulganieva DI, Abdulkhakov SR, Alexeeva OP, Alekseenko SA, Andreev DN, Baranovsky AY, Zharkova MS, Zolnikova OY, Ivashkin KV, Kliaritskaia IL, Korochanskaya NV, Mammaev SN, Maslennikov RV, Myazin RG, Perekalina MV, Povtoreyko AV, Ulyanin AI, Fadeeva MV, Khlynov IB, Tsukanov VV, Shifrin OS. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Various Specialties of Medical Practice (Literature Review and Expert Council Resolution). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2024; 34:14-34. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2024-954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Aim: to discuss current views on the clinical significance, diagnostic opportunities, and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) as an important component in the gut microbiota function assessment, to assess the awareness of physicians and the opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in patients in the Federal districts of the Russian Federation, as well as to present the proceedings of the Expert Council held on December 16, 2023 in Moscow.Key points. SIBO is a common syndrome often associated with irritable bowel syndrome, liver cirrhosis, asthma, and congestive heart failure, being also a predictor of early death in the elderly. Today, in many regions of the Russian Federation, there are limitations for instrumental diagnosis of this disease — lack of awareness among doctors, unavailability of gas analyzers for diagnosing SIBO, lack of information about the need to diagnose SIBO in the standards of compulsory health insurance. Rifaximin is the first-line treatment due to the highest therapeutic efficacy. One of the ways to increase the efficacy of SIBO treatment is to include strain-specific probiotics in the treatment regimen. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 is thought to be the most studied, promising probiotic. The review also presents statistical data on the issues in the diagnosis and treatment of SIBO in the regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Optimization of approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of SIBO, the development of domestic gas analyzers, increasing the awareness of physicians in all regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the development and optimization of clinical recommendations appear to be necessary measures to increase the effectiveness of medical care, the duration and quality of life of the Russian population. These goals can be achieved within the framework of Federal programs under the supervision of specialized reference centers of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. T. Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - V. V. Fomin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. N. Tkacheva
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - O. S. Medvedev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; National Medical Research Center of Cardiology names after Academician E.I. Chazov
| | - E. A. Poluektova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - S. R. Abdulkhakov
- Kazan State Medical University; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
| | | | | | | | | | - M. S. Zharkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. Yu. Zolnikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - K. V. Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - R. V. Maslennikov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - A. I. Ulyanin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - M. V. Fadeeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - V. V. Tsukanov
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
| | - O. S. Shifrin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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16
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Sun Y, Wang X, Li L, Zhong C, Zhang Y, Yang X, Li M, Yang C. The role of gut microbiota in intestinal disease: from an oxidative stress perspective. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1328324. [PMID: 38419631 PMCID: PMC10899708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that gut microbiota-mediated oxidative stress is significantly associated with intestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported to increase when the gut microbiota is dysregulated, especially when several gut bacterial metabolites are present. Although healthy gut microbiota plays a vital role in defending against excessive oxidative stress, intestinal disease is significantly influenced by excessive ROS, and this process is controlled by gut microbiota-mediated immunological responses, DNA damage, and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss the relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal disease from an oxidative stress perspective. In addition, we also provide a summary of the most recent therapeutic approaches for preventing or treating intestinal diseases by modifying gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Sun
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatic, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Special Needs Outpatient Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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17
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Samarra A, Flores E, Bernabeu M, Cabrera-Rubio R, Bäuerl C, Selma-Royo M, Collado MC. Shaping Microbiota During the First 1000 Days of Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:1-28. [PMID: 39060728 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Given that the host-microbe interaction is shaped by the immune system response, it is important to understand the key immune system-microbiota relationship during the period from conception to the first years of life. The present work summarizes the available evidence concerning human reproductive microbiota, and also, the microbial colonization during early life, focusing on the potential impact on infant development and health outcomes. Furthermore, we conclude that some dietary strategies including specific probiotics and other-biotics could become potentially valuable tools to modulate the maternal-neonatal microbiota during this early critical window of opportunity for targeted health outcomes throughout the entire lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Samarra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduard Flores
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernabeu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
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18
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Levy EI, Dinleyici M, Dinleyici E, Vandenplas Y. Clostridioides difficile Infections: Prevention and Treatment Strategies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:175-186. [PMID: 39060738 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the most common causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This spore forming, obligate anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus is becoming responsible for an increasing number of infections worldwide, both in community and in hospital settings, whose severity can vary widely from an asymptomatic infection to a lethal disease. While discontinuation of antimicrobial agents and antibiotic treatment of the infection remain the cornerstone of therapy, more recent fecal microbiota transplantation has also been valid as a therapy. The use of probiotics, especially Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 have become valid forms of prevention therapy. Although there are studies in adults with microbiota-targeted new generation therapies and Clostridium difficile vaccines, there are no data in the paediatric age group yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ingrid Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, C.H.U. Saint-Pieter, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meltem Dinleyici
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social Pediatrics, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ener Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Bratkovič T, Zahirović A, Bizjak M, Rupnik M, Štrukelj B, Berlec A. New treatment approaches for Clostridioides difficile infections: alternatives to antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2337312. [PMID: 38591915 PMCID: PMC11005816 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2337312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile causes a range of debilitating intestinal symptoms that may be fatal. It is particularly problematic as a hospital-acquired infection, causing significant costs to the health care system. Antibiotics, such as vancomycin and fidaxomicin, are still the drugs of choice for C. difficile infections, but their effectiveness is limited, and microbial interventions are emerging as a new treatment option. This paper focuses on alternative treatment approaches, which are currently in various stages of development and can be divided into four therapeutic strategies. Direct killing of C. difficile (i) includes beside established antibiotics, less studied bacteriophages, and their derivatives, such as endolysins and tailocins. Restoration of microbiota composition and function (ii) is achieved with fecal microbiota transplantation, which has recently been approved, with standardized defined microbial mixtures, and with probiotics, which have been administered with moderate success. Prevention of deleterious effects of antibiotics on microbiota is achieved with agents for the neutralization of antibiotics that act in the gut and are nearing regulatory approval. Neutralization of C. difficile toxins (iii) which are crucial virulence factors is achieved with antibodies/antibody fragments or alternative binding proteins. Of these, the monoclonal antibody bezlotoxumab is already in clinical use. Immunomodulation (iv) can help eliminate or prevent C. difficile infection by interfering with cytokine signaling. Small-molecule agents without bacteriolytic activity are usually selected by drug repurposing and can act via a variety of mechanisms. The multiple treatment options described in this article provide optimism for the future treatment of C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Bratkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Abida Zahirović
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Bizjak
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Rupnik
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska 1, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Borut Štrukelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Bresee LC, Lamont N, Ocampo W, Holroyd-Leduc J, Sabuda D, Leal J, Dalton B, Kaufman J, Missaghi B, Kim J, Larios OE, Henderson E, Raman M, Fletcher JR, Faris P, Kraft S, Shen Y, Louie T, Conly JM. Implementation strategies for hospital-based probiotic administration in a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design for preventing hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1386. [PMID: 38082421 PMCID: PMC10714625 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, especially among older adults. Probiotics have been evaluated to prevent hospital-acquired (HA) CDI in patients who are receiving systemic antibiotics, but the implementation of timely probiotic administration remains a challenge. We evaluated methods for effective probiotic implementation across a large health region as part of a study to assess the real-world effectiveness of a probiotic to prevent HA-CDI (Prevent CDI-55 +). METHODS We used a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial across four acute-care adult hospitals (n = 2,490 beds) to implement the use of the probiotic Bio-K + ® (Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285®, L. casei LBC80R® and L. rhamnosus CLR2®; Laval, Quebec, Canada) in patients 55 years and older receiving systemic antimicrobials. The multifaceted probiotic implementation strategy included electronic clinical decision support, local site champions, and both health care provider and patient educational interventions. Focus groups were conducted during study implementation to identify ongoing barriers and facilitators to probiotic implementation, guiding needed adaptations of the implementation strategy. Focus groups were thematically analyzed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research. RESULTS A total of 340 education sessions with over 1,800 key partners and participants occurred before and during implementation in each of the four hospitals. Site champions were identified for each included hospital, and both electronic clinical decision support and printed educational resources were available to health care providers and patients. A total of 15 individuals participated in 2 focus group and 7 interviews. Key barriers identified from the focus groups resulted in adaptation of the electronic clinical decision support and the addition of nursing education related to probiotic administration. As a result of modifying implementation strategies for identified behaviour change barriers, probiotic adherence rates were from 66.7 to 75.8% at 72 h of starting antibiotic therapy across the four participating acute care hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Use of a barrier-targeted multifaceted approach, including electronic clinical decision support, education, focus groups to guide the adaptation of the implementation plan, and local site champions, resulted in a high probiotic adherence rate in the Prevent CDI-55 + study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Bresee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole Lamont
- W21 Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wrechelle Ocampo
- W21 Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jayna Holroyd-Leduc
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deana Sabuda
- Pharmacy Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jenine Leal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bruce Dalton
- Pharmacy Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jaime Kaufman
- W21 Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bayan Missaghi
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph Kim
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oscar E Larios
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Henderson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jared R Fletcher
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Faris
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Analytics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Scott Kraft
- W21 Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ye Shen
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Louie
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John M Conly
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- W21 Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- AGW5 - Special Services Bldg, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 2T9.
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21
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Xia Q, Lei Y, Wang J, Wang Q. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220741. [PMID: 37872967 PMCID: PMC10590617 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between intestinal microecological dysregulation, altered inflammatory factors, and cirrhosis is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the results of previous studies to assess the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of cirrhosis and their effect on inflammatory factors, as well as to explore the relationship between gut microecological dysregulation and liver disease to gain a deeper understanding of this interaction. Up to December 2022, eligible studies were identified by searching the following databases: National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analysis was performed using software RevMan Version 5.4. A total of 33 eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the study, and data on probiotic strains, duration of intervention, measures in the control group, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significant improvements in overall efficacy. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that probiotic use significantly decreased biochemical parameters for liver function, including aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Similar result was obtained in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and endotoxin. However, probiotic intervention did not significantly affect interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. The current meta-analysis illustrates that probiotic supplementation reduces inflammatory markers and biochemical parameters for liver function in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting that probiotic management may be a novel treatment for cirrhosis. Furthermore, the interaction of the gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and inflammation factors with cirrhosis may provide a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological and clinical treatment of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Xia
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Jiadun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
- Asia General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430056, China
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22
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Miles-Jay A, Snitkin ES, Lin MY, Shimasaki T, Schoeny M, Fukuda C, Dangana T, Moore N, Sansom SE, Yelin RD, Bell P, Rao K, Keidan M, Standke A, Bassis C, Hayden MK, Young VB. Longitudinal genomic surveillance of carriage and transmission of Clostridioides difficile in an intensive care unit. Nat Med 2023; 29:2526-2534. [PMID: 37723252 PMCID: PMC10579090 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite enhanced infection prevention efforts, Clostridioides difficile remains the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in the United States. Current prevention strategies are limited by their failure to account for patients who carry C. difficile asymptomatically, who may act as hidden reservoirs transmitting infections to other patients. To improve the understanding of asymptomatic carriers' contribution to C. difficile spread, we conducted admission and daily longitudinal culture-based screening for C. difficile in a US-based intensive care unit over nine months and performed whole-genome sequencing on all recovered isolates. Despite a high burden of carriage, with 9.3% of admissions having toxigenic C. difficile detected in at least one sample, only 1% of patients culturing negative on admission to the unit acquired C. difficile via cross-transmission. While patients who carried toxigenic C. difficile on admission posed minimal risk to others, they themselves had a 24-times greater risk for developing a healthcare-onset C. difficile infection than noncarriers. Together, these findings suggest that current infection prevention practices can be effective in preventing nosocomial cross-transmission of C. difficile, and that decreasing C. difficile infections in hospitals further will require interventions targeting the transition from asymptomatic carriage to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Miles-Jay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evan S Snitkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael Y Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teppei Shimasaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schoeny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine Fukuda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thelma Dangana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah E Sansom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel D Yelin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Bell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krishna Rao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Micah Keidan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra Standke
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine Bassis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary K Hayden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Larsen IS, Chenaux M, Collins FWJ, Mandic A, Hansen LBS, Lauridsen CAS, Haller RF, Elvig-Jørgensen S, Horwell E, Christiansen J, Silva A, Vehreschild MJGT, Cutting SM, Roggenbuck-Wedemeyer M, Kristensen NN. Bacillus velezensis DSM 33864 reduces Clostridioides difficile colonization without disturbing commensal gut microbiota composition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14941. [PMID: 37696924 PMCID: PMC10495459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 25% of the US population harbor Clostridioides difficile in the gut. Following antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiota, C. difficile can act as an opportunistic pathogen and induce potentially lethal infections. Consequently, reducing the colonization of C. difficile in at-risk populations is warranted, prompting us to identify and characterize a probiotic candidate specifically targeting C. difficile colonization. We identified Bacillus velezensis DSM 33864 as a promising strain to reduce C. difficile levels in vitro. We further investigated the effects of B. velezensis DSM 33864 in an assay including human fecal medium and in healthy or clindamycin-treated mouse models of C. difficile colonization. The addition of B. velezensis DSM 33864 to human fecal samples was shown to reduce the colonization of C. difficile in vitro. This was supported in vivo where orally administered B. velezensis DSM 33864 spores reduced C. difficile levels in clindamycin-treated mice. The commensal microbiota composition or post-antibiotic reconstitution was not impacted by B. velezensis DSM 33864 in human fecal samples, short-, or long-term administration in mice. In conclusion, oral administration of B. velezensis DSM 33864 specifically reduced C. difficile colonization in vitro and in vivo without adversely impacting the commensal gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ed Horwell
- Bioscience Innovation Centre, Sporegen Ltd., 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, UK
| | | | | | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon M Cutting
- Bioscience Innovation Centre, Sporegen Ltd., 2 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0NH, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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24
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Ivashkin VT, Lyashenko OS, Drapkina OM, Alexeeva OP, Alekseenko SA, Andreev DN, Baranovsky AY, Goloshchapov OV, Zheleznova NV, Zolnikova OY, Kliaritskaia IL, Korochanskaya NV, Lapina TL, Maev IV, Maslennikov RV, Myazin RG, Pavlov PV, Perekalina MV, Pisarenko NA, Povtoreyko AV, Poluektova EA, Sekretareva LA, Tkachev AV, Troshkina YM, Trukhmanov AS, Ulyanin AI, Filatova SG, Tsukanov VV, Shifrin OS. Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Scientific Society for the Clinical Study of Human Microbiome, of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases on the Diagnosis and Treatment of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>)-associated Disease in Adults. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2023; 33:85-119. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-3-85-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Аim: the clinical practice guidelines intended for gastroenterologists, internal medicine specialists, infectious disease specialists, general practitioners (family doctors), coloproctologists, surgeons and endoscopists present modern methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of C. difficile-associated disease.Key points. C. difficile-associated disease is a disease that develops when the diversity of the intestinal microbiota decreases and C. difficile excessively colonizes the colon, the toxins of which damage the intestinal muco-epithelial barrier, followed by the development of inflammation in the colon wall, with diarrhea being a characteristic clinical manifestation. The clinical presentation of the disease can vary from asymptomatic carriage, mild to moderate diarrhea that resolves on its own, to profuse watery diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis with development of life-threatening complications. The diagnosis of C. difficile-associated disease is based on an assessment of the clinical presentation, medical history, an objective examination of the patient and laboratory stool tests. The disease severity is determined by clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Additional diagnostic methods that are used according to indications and contribute to the assessment of severity include endoscopy of the colon and abdominal cavity imaging methods. Treatment should be initiated in cases of characteristic clinical presentation of C. difficile-associated disease and positive laboratory stool testing. The choice of drug and treatment regimen depends on the severity of the episode, the presence of complications, and whether the episode is initial, recurrent, or reinfection.Conclusion. Determination of target groups of patients for the diagnosis of clostridial infection is important in preventing overdiagnosis and subsequent unnecessary treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment of C. difficile-associated disease help avoiding the development of life-threatening complications and improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. T. Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. S. Lyashenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | - D. N. Andreev
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | | | | | - O. Yu. Zolnikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | - T. L. Lapina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | - I. V. Maev
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | | | - P. V. Pavlov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - E. A. Poluektova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - A. S. Trukhmanov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. I. Ulyanin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
| | | | - V. V. Tsukanov
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
| | - O. S. Shifrin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)
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25
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Barbosa MLL, Albano MO, Martins CDS, Warren CA, Brito GADC. Role of probiotics in preventing Clostridioides difficile infection in older adults: an integrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1219225. [PMID: 37636573 PMCID: PMC10450140 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1219225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. This infection can particularly affect older adults, the most susceptible to CDI. Currently, the standard therapeutic measure is antibiotic therapy, which in turn increases the risk of recurrence of the infection by its collateral damage to the patient's microbiota. Probiotics are live microorganisms capable of maintaining balance in the intestinal microbiota. This study aims to perform an integrative review of the protective benefit of probiotics in CDI and diarrhea associated with C. difficile. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, the 10-year time cutoff, and the Prism Flow diagram were used for data collection. We observed no consensus among the studies; however, three of the seven evaluated studies demonstrated that the use of probiotics in older adults could contribute to reducing the incidence of hospital-onset CDI. We also found that the studies evaluated a wide variety of microorganisms, particularly Saccharomyces boulardii, associated with beneficial effects. More research is needed to understand the successful use of probiotics in the prevention of CDI in hospitalized older adults receiving antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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26
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Tian L, Huang C, Fu W, Gao L, Mi N, Bai M, Ma H, Zhang C, Lu Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Jiang N, Lin Y, Yue P, Yuan J, Meng W. Proton pump inhibitors may enhance the risk of digestive diseases by regulating intestinal microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217306. [PMID: 37529701 PMCID: PMC10387554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most used acid-inhibitory drugs, with a wide range of applications in the treatment of various digestive diseases. However, recently, there has been a growing number of digestive complications linked to PPIs, and several studies have indicated that the intestinal flora play an important role in these complications. Therefore, developing a greater understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in PPI-related digestive diseases is essential. Here, we summarize the current research on the correlation between PPI-related digestive disorders and intestinal flora and establish the altered strains and possible pathogenic mechanisms of the different diseases. We aimed to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the future treatment and prevention of PPI-related digestive complications based on the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tian
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chongfei Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinyu Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xianzhuo Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningzu Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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27
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Nagarajan A, Scoggin K, Gupta J, Threadgill DW, Andrews-Polymenis HL. Using the collaborative cross to identify the role of host genetics in defining the murine gut microbiome. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:149. [PMID: 37420306 PMCID: PMC10329326 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota is a complex community comprised of trillions of bacteria and is critical for the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Bacterial communities of the intestinal microbiota influence the development of several conditions and diseases. We studied the effect of host genetics on gut microbial composition using Collaborative Cross (CC) mice. CC mice are a panel of mice that are genetically diverse across strains, but genetically identical within a given strain allowing repetition and deeper analysis than is possible with other collections of genetically diverse mice. RESULTS 16S rRNA from the feces of 167 mice from 28 different CC strains was sequenced and analyzed using the Qiime2 pipeline. We observed a large variance in the bacterial composition across CC strains starting at the phylum level. Using bacterial composition data, we identified 17 significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) linked to 14 genera on 9 different mouse chromosomes. Genes within these intervals were analyzed for significant association with pathways and the previously known human GWAS database using Enrichr analysis and Genecards database. Multiple host genes involved in obesity, glucose homeostasis, immunity, neurological diseases, and many other protein-coding genes located in these regions may play roles in determining the composition of the gut microbiota. A subset of these CC mice was infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Using infection outcome data, an increase in abundance of genus Lachnospiraceae and decrease in genus Parasutterella correlated with positive health outcomes after infection. Machine learning classifiers accurately predicted the CC strain and the infection outcome using pre-infection bacterial composition data from the feces. CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that multiple host genes influence the gut microbiome composition and homeostasis, and that certain organisms may influence health outcomes after S. Typhimurium infection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravindh Nagarajan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Kristin Scoggin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Jyotsana Gupta
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Helene L. Andrews-Polymenis
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
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Thabit AK, Aljedaani HJ, Alghamdi RH, Badahdah RM, Lashkar MO, Alnajjar A. An insight into Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea in Saudi children: diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:805-810. [PMID: 37480286 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2240704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Specific factors put the pediatrics at risk. International guidelines lists specific recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CDI. The practice of diagnosing and treating pediatric CDI in Saudi Arabia is slightly different from the recommendations of the guidelines. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes pediatric CDI in Saudi Arabia in terms of epidemiology, current diagnostics, and how the practice compares to recommendations of the guidelines, and available treatment options. EXPERT OPINION Although pediatric CDI epidemiology in Saudi Arabia doesn't impose a burden on the healthcare system, it should be noted that not all hospitals follow CDI diagnostic recommendations of international guidelines, which may result in cases underreporting. However, due to the presumed low CDI prevalence, the traditional regimen of oral metronidazole for non-severe CDI remains effective, whereas vancomycin is used for severe cases. While fidaxomicin is approved for pediatrics, its high acquisition cost and low CDI rates make it challenging for hospitals to use it. Overall, pediatrics at risk of CDI recurrence should be evaluated, such as reviewing current antibiotics for potential discontinuation. Future studies evaluating the epidemiology and treatment for CDI in Saudi children are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar K Thabit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda J Aljedaani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Khalid Hospital, Ministry of Health, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M Badahdah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar O Lashkar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alnajjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kamiya S. Microbial ecology between Clostridioides difficile and gut microbiota. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:229-235. [PMID: 37791342 PMCID: PMC10542429 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile colonizes a polymicrobial environment in the intestine and is a causative agent for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). The most important virulence factors of C. difficile are bacterial toxins, and three toxins (toxin A, toxin B, and binary toxin) are produced by toxigenic strains. Other virulence factors include spores, flagella, capsules, biofilms, hydrolytic enzymes and adhesins. C. difficile infection (CDI) is specifically diagnosed by anaerobic culture and toxin detection by either nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For treatment of CDI, metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are used based on the severity of CDI. Mutual interaction between C. difficile and gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of CDI, and decreased microbial diversity with altered gut microbiome was detected in CDI patients. Restoration of certain gut microbiota is considered to be potentially effective for the prevention and treatment of CDI, and an ideal goal for CDI patients is restoration of the gut microbiota to a healthy state. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly successful method of microbiome restoration and has been reported to be effective for the prevention of recurrent CDI. In addition, approaches to restoring the gut microbiota by using probioitcs and live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are currently being studied to examine the effect on CDI. Further microbial ecological research on C. difficile and gut microbiota could lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
- R&D Division, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-10-3 Kaminakazato, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
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30
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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li J, Li X, Ying Y, Yuan J, Chen K, Deng S, Wang Q. Association of polymicrobial interactions with dental caries development and prevention. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1162380. [PMID: 37275173 PMCID: PMC10232826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common oral disease. In many cases, disruption of the ecological balance of the oral cavity can result in the occurrence of dental caries. There are many cariogenic microbiota and factors, and their identification allows us to take corresponding prevention and control measures. With the development of microbiology, the caries-causing bacteria have evolved from the traditional single Streptococcus mutans to the discovery of oral symbiotic bacteria. Thus it is necessary to systematically organized the association of polymicrobial interactions with dental caries development. In terms of ecology, caries occurs due to an ecological imbalance of the microbiota, caused by the growth and reproduction of cariogenic microbiota due to external factors or the disruption of homeostasis by one's own factors. To reduce the occurrence of dental caries effectively, and considering the latest scientific viewpoints, caries may be viewed from the perspective of ecology, and preventive measures can be taken; hence, this article systematically summarizes the prevention and treatment of dental caries from the aspects of ecological perspectives, in particular the ecological biofilm formation, bacterial quorum sensing, the main cariogenic microbiota, and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ying
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinna Yuan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Amin M, Navidifar T, Saeb S, Barzegari E, Jamalan M. Tumor-targeted induction of intrinsic apoptosis in colon cancer cells by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5345-5354. [PMID: 37155013 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the widespread and lethal types of malignancies. Recently, antineoplastic attributes of probiotics have attracted lots of attention. Here, we investigated anti-proliferative potential of the non-pathogenic strains Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14,917 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 on human colorectal adenocarcinoma-originated Caco-2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Caco-2 and HUVEC control cells were treated with ethyl acetate extracts of the two Lactobacillus strains to assess cell viability by MTT assay. Annexin/PI staining flow cytometry, and caspase-3, -8 and - 9 activity assays were performed to determine the type of cell death induced in extract-treated cells. Expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were evaluated by RT-PCR. Extracts from both L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus specifically targeted the Caco-2 cells and not HUVEC controls, and significantly affected the viability of the colon cancer cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This effect was shown to occur through activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, as indicated by the increased caspase-3 and - 9 activities. While there are limited and conflicting data about the mechanisms underlying the specific antineoplastic attributes of Lactobacillus strains, we clarified the overall induced mechanism. The Lactobacillus extracts specifically down-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-xl, and simultaneously up-regulated the pro-apoptotic bak, bad, and bax genes in treated Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl acetate extracts of L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus strains could be considered as targeted anti-cancer treatments specifically inducing the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in colorectal tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Amin
- Department of Microbiology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Navidifar
- Department of Microbiology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sholeh Saeb
- Department of Microbiology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Barzegari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jamalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
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32
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Pal R, Athamneh AI, Deshpande R, Ramirez JAR, Adu KT, Muthuirulan P, Pawar S, Biazzo M, Apidianakis Y, Sundekilde UK, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Martens MG, Tegos GP, Seleem MN. Probiotics: insights and new opportunities for Clostridioides difficile intervention. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:414-434. [PMID: 35574602 PMCID: PMC9743071 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2072705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a life-threatening disease caused by the Gram-positive, opportunistic intestinal pathogen C. difficile. Despite the availability of antimicrobial drugs to treat CDI, such as vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin, recurrence of infection remains a significant clinical challenge. The use of live commensal microorganisms, or probiotics, is one of the most investigated non-antibiotic therapeutic options to balance gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and subsequently tackle dysbiosis. In this review, we will discuss major commensal probiotic strains that have the potential to prevent and/or treat CDI and its recurrence, reassess the efficacy of probiotics supplementation as a CDI intervention, delve into lessons learned from probiotic modulation of the immune system, explore avenues like genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions, genome sequencing, and multi-omics to identify novel strains and understand their functionality, and discuss the current regulatory framework, challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusha Pal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ahmad I.M. Athamneh
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Jose A. R Ramirez
- ProbioWorld Consulting Group, James Cook University, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kayode T. Adu
- ProbioWorld Consulting Group, James Cook University, 4811, Queensland, Australia
- Cann Group, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, La Trobe University, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | - Shrikant Pawar
- The Anlyan Center Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT USA
| | - Manuele Biazzo
- The Bioarte Ltd Laboratories at Life Science Park, San Gwann, Malta
| | | | | | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Martens
- Reading Hospital, Tower Health, West Reading, PA 19611, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - George P. Tegos
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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33
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Ivashkin VT, Maev IV, Andreev DN, Goloshchapov OV, Derinov AA, Zolnikova OY, Ivashkin KV, Kiseleva OY, Kiryukhin AP, Lyashenko OS, Poluektova EA, Tertychnyy AS, Trukhmanov AS, Ulyanin AI, Sheptulin AA, Shifrin OS. Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis and treatment of <i>Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile)</i>-associated Disease in Adults (literature Review and Expert Council Resolution). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2023; 33:19-33. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-2-19-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Aim: to review the modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment ofC. difficile-associated disease in adults and present the resolution of the Expert Council held on March 25, 2023 in Moscow.General provisions.C. difficileis the most important nosocomial pathogen which spores are also commonly found in the environment. Microbiota impairment, primarily due to the use of antibacterial drugs, is a key stage in the development ofC. difficile-associated disease. A search for an infection should be carried out only in patients with diarrhea, and it is advisable to use at least 2 laboratory methods. The drug of choice for first-line treatment is vancomycin. If drug treatment is ineffective or the patient has recurrent clostridial infection, fecal microbiota transplantation should be considered. The probiotic strainSaccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745has a direct inhibitory effect onC. difficiletoxin A, promotes normalization of the intestinal microbiota composition, and decreases the inflammatory reaction in colonic mucosa colonized with a toxigenic strain ofC. difficile.Conclusions. Addition of the probiotic strainSaccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745to antibacterial therapy promotes both primary and secondary prevention ofC. difficile-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. T. Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I. V. Maev
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - D. N. Andreev
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | - A. A. Derinov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. Yu. Zolnikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - K. V. Ivashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. Yu. Kiseleva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. P. Kiryukhin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. S. Lyashenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - E. A. Poluektova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. S. Tertychnyy
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. S. Trukhmanov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. I. Ulyanin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - A. A. Sheptulin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - O. S. Shifrin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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34
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Kociolek LK, Gerding DN, Carrico R, Carling P, Donskey CJ, Dumyati G, Kuhar DT, Loo VG, Maragakis LL, Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, Sandora TJ, Weber DJ, Yokoe D, Dubberke ER. Strategies to prevent Clostridioides difficile infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:527-549. [PMID: 37042243 PMCID: PMC10917144 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry K. Kociolek
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Dale N. Gerding
- Edward Hines Jr. Veterans’ Affairs (VA) Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States
| | - Ruth Carrico
- Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Philip Carling
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Curtis J. Donskey
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ghinwa Dumyati
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - David T. Kuhar
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Vivian G. Loo
- McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisa L. Maragakis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Thomas J. Sandora
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David J. Weber
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Deborah Yokoe
- University of California San Francisco, UCSF Health-UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States and
| | - Erik R. Dubberke
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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35
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Rahman A, Alqaisi S, Nath J. A Case of Lactobacillus casei Endocarditis Associated With Probiotic Intake in an Immunocompromised Patient. Cureus 2023; 15:e38049. [PMID: 37228522 PMCID: PMC10207843 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms, typically bacteria, similar to beneficial microbiota found in the human gut, usually consumed as dietary supplements or fermented foods. Although probiotics are generally safe, several cases of bacteremia, sepsis, and endocarditis associated with probiotics have been reported. Here we report a rare case of Lactobacillus casei endocarditis in a 71-year-old female, immunocompromised due to chronic steroid intake, who presented with a productive cough and low-grade fever. Blood cultures grew L. casei resistant to vancomycin and meropenem. Transesophageal echocardiography showed mitral and aortic vegetations; valve replacement was done after successfully removing vegetations. She was treated with a six-week course of daptomycin and recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahman
- Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital/Northwell Health, Port Jefferson, USA
| | - Sura Alqaisi
- Internal Medicine, Memorial Hospital Pembroke, Pembroke Pines, USA
| | - Jayant Nath
- Imaging Cardiology, Memorial Hospital Pembroke, Pembroke Pines, USA
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36
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Pramanik S, Venkatraman S, Karthik P, Vaidyanathan VK. A systematic review on selection characterization and implementation of probiotics in human health. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:423-440. [PMID: 36911328 PMCID: PMC9992678 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live bacteria found in food that assist the body's defence mechanisms against pathogens by reconciling the gut microbiota. Probiotics are believed to aid with gut health, the immune system, and brain function, among other factors. They've furthermore been shown to help with constipation, high blood pressure, and skin issues. The global probiotics market has been incrementally growing in recent years, as consumers' demand for healthy diets and wellness has continued to increase. This has prompted the food industry to develop new probiotic-containing food products, as well as researchers to explore their specific characteristics and impacts on human health. Although most probiotics are fastidious microorganisms that are nutritionally demanding and sensitive to environmental conditions, they become less viable as they are processed and stored. In this review we studied the current literature on the fundamental idea of probiotic bacteria, their medical benefits, and their selection, characterization, and implementations. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Pramanik
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), 603 203, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Swethaa Venkatraman
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), 603 203, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Pothiyappan Karthik
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Karpagam Academic of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), 603 203, Kattankulathur, India
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Soni S, Paari KA. A review on the immunomodulatory properties of functional nutraceuticals as dietary interventions for children to combat COVID-19 related infections. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023; 5:17. [PMCID: PMC10076816 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a significant threat to humanity in the present day due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide. While most children may be spared of the direct mortality effects of the disease, those with weak immune systems are prone to adverse effects. Child mortality increases due to the stress caused to the health care system that disrupts essential health care needs such as immunisation and antenatal care. The use of functional foods (FF) aids in disease-prevention as they are known to have protective effects against COVID-19 by boosting children’s cellular and humoral immunity. Plant components such as glycyrrhizin, epigallocatechin gallate, allicin, and fucoidan exhibit antiviral properties against various viruses, including SARS-CoV 2. Microbial foods that are made of probiotics, can enhance immunity against various respiratory viruses. Food enriched with additives such as lactoferrin, piperine, and zinc can boost immunity against COVID-19. With proper definitive drug therapy not available for treating COVID-19 and most of the disease management tools rely on symptoms and non-specific supportive care, developing a functional paediatric formulation will prevent further deterioration in infant health. It is wise to investigate the toxicological aspects of Functional Foods components especially when formulating for children. The safe limits of ingredients should be strictly followed during FFs formulation. Stronger regulations with advanced analytical techniques can help to formulate functional foods into the mainstream in child nutraceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile collective information on the functional nutraceuticals specifically for infants and children up to the age of 10 years that could confer immunity against COVID-19 and other related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Soni
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Kuppusamy Alagesan Paari
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
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38
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Francisco DMA, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Olvera A, Adachi J, Guevara EY, Aitken SL, Garey KW, Peterson CB, Do KA, Dillon R, Obi EN, Jenq R, Okhuysen PC. Risk Factors Associated with Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Cancer. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:209-225. [PMID: 36443547 PMCID: PMC9868205 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic use is a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Few studies have correlated use of prior antibiotic classes with CDI, microbiome composition, and disease severity in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that previous antibiotic exposure and fecal microbiome composition at time of presentation are risk factors for severe CDI in patients with cancer. METHODS This non-interventional, prospective, cohort study examined 200 patients with cancer who had their first episode or first recurrence of CDI. C. difficile was identified using nucleic acid amplification testing. Univariate analysis was used to determine significant risk factors for severe CDI. Fecal microbiome composition was determined by sequencing the V3/V4 region of 16 s rDNA encoding gene. Differential abundance analyses were used to single out significant microbial features which differed across severity levels. RESULTS On univariate analysis, factors associated with severe CDI included the presence of toxin A/B in stools (odds ratio [OR] 2.14 [1.05-4.36] p = 0.04 and prior 90-day metronidazole use (OR 2.66 [1.09-6.50] p = 0.03). Although alpha and beta diversity was similar between disease severity groups and toxin A/B in stools, increased abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, Ruminococcaceae, and Citrobacter koseri were associated with protection from severe CDI (p < 0.05) and depletion of anaerobes was higher in patients with prior metronidazole exposure. CONCLUSION Use of metronidazole for non-CDI indications within 90 days prior to diagnosis and presence of toxin A/B in stools were associated with severe CDI. Findings provide valuable insights into risk factors for severe CDI in an underserved population with cancer that warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Marie A. Francisco
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria C/O 530 NE Glen Oak Avenue, Peoria, IL 61637 USA
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1460, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Adilene Olvera
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1460, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Javier Adachi
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1460, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Eduardo Yepez Guevara
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1460, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Samuel L. Aitken
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kevin W. Garey
- grid.266436.30000 0004 1569 9707College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christine B. Peterson
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ryan Dillon
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Engels N. Obi
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Robert Jenq
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Pablo C. Okhuysen
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1460, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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39
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Gonzales-Luna AJ, Carlson TJ, Garey KW. Gut microbiota changes associated with Clostridioides difficile infection and its various treatment strategies. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2223345. [PMID: 37318134 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2223345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota are critical to both the development of and recovery from Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotics are the mainstay of CDI treatment, yet inherently cause further imbalances in the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, complicating recovery. A variety of microbiota-based therapeutic approaches are in use or in development to limit disease- and treatment-associated dysbiosis and improve rates of sustained cure. These include the recently FDA-approved fecal microbiota, live-jslm (formerly RBX2660) and fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk (formerly SER-109), which represent a new class of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), traditional fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and ultra-narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Here, we aim to review the microbiome changes associated with CDI as well as a variety of microbiota-based treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Gonzales-Luna
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis J Carlson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, High Point University Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Kevin W Garey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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Ikehata M, Konnai S, Okagawa T, Abe K, Honma M, Kitamura T, Maekawa N, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. In vitro evaluation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HOKKAIDO strain, effective lactic acid bacteria for calf diarrhea. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1145445. [PMID: 37089407 PMCID: PMC10113454 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1145445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea adversely affects growth and sometimes results in mortality, leading to severe economic losses to the cattle industry. Antibiotics are useful in the treatment against bacterial diarrhea, but not against viral, protozoan, and antibiotic-resistant bacterial diarrhea. Therefore, there are growing requirements for a novel control method for calf diarrhea. Probiotics have been considered promising candidates for preventive and supportive therapy for calf diarrhea for many years. A recent study has revealed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HOKKAIDO strain (Lp-HKD) reduces intestinal pathology and the severity of diarrhea in bovine rotavirus (BRV)-infected calves. Lp-HKD is known to enhance the function of human immune cells and expected to be used as probiotics for humans. Therefore, it is hypothesized that Lp-HKD modulates antiviral immune response in cattle and provide the clinical benefits in BRV-infected calves. However, the detailed mechanism of Lp-HKD-induced immunomodulation remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the immunomodulatory and antiviral effects of Lp-HKD in cattle. Cultivation assay of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed that live and heat-killed Lp-HKD stimulates the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from PBMCs. Stimulation by heat-killed Lp-HKD yielded stronger cytokine production than stimulation by the live Lp-HKD. Additionally, CD14+ monocytes were identified as major producers of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 under Lp-HKD stimulation; however, IFN-γ was mainly produced from immune cells other than CD14+ monocytes. Depletion of CD14+ monocytes from the PBMCs cultivation strongly decreased cytokine production induced by heat-killed Lp-HKD. The inhibition of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 signaling decreased IL-1β and IL-6 production induced by live Lp-HKD and IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ production induced by heat-killed Lp-HKD. Furthermore, live or heat-killed Lp-HKD also activated T cells and their production of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Then, culture supernatants of bovine PBMCs treated with heat-killed Lp-HKD demonstrated antiviral effects against BRV in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Lp-HKD activates the functions of bovine immune cells via TLR2/4 signaling and exerts an antiviral effect against BRV through the induction of antiviral cytokines. Lp-HKD could be useful for the prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea through its immune activating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ikehata
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoru Konnai
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Abe
- Hokkaido Research Station, Snow Brand Seed Co., Ltd., Naganuma, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Honma
- Hokkaido Research Station, Snow Brand Seed Co., Ltd., Naganuma, Japan
| | - Toru Kitamura
- Hokkaido Research Station, Snow Brand Seed Co., Ltd., Naganuma, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Affairs Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Merenstein D, Pot B, Leyer G, Ouwehand AC, Preidis GA, Elkins CA, Hill C, Lewis ZT, Shane AL, Zmora N, Petrova MI, Collado MC, Morelli L, Montoya GA, Szajewska H, Tancredi DJ, Sanders ME. Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2185034. [PMID: 36919522 PMCID: PMC10026873 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2185034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However, theoretical and proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New probiotic strains and products, as well as expanding use of probiotics into vulnerable populations, warrants concise, and actionable recommendations on how to work toward their safe and effective use. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics convened a meeting to discuss and produce evidence-based recommendations on potential acute and long-term risks, risks to vulnerable populations, the importance for probiotic product quality to match the needs of vulnerable populations, and the need for adverse event reporting related to probiotic use. The importance of whole genome sequencing, which enables determination of virulence, toxin, and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as clear assignment of species and strain identity, is emphasized. We present recommendations to guide the scientific and medical community on judging probiotic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Bruno Pot
- Yakult Europe BV, Almere, Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Global Health & Nutrition Sciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Geoffrey A Preidis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A Elkins
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrea L Shane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Children's Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Niv Zmora
- Scientific consultant, Elinav Lab, Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gina A Montoya
- Department of Chemical Risk Assessment, Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA
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Ivashkin VT, Lapina TL, Maev IV, Drapkina OM, Kozlov RS, Sheptulin AA, Trukhmanov AS, Abdulkhakov SR, Alekseeva OP, Alekseenko SA, Andreev DN, Bordin DS, Dekhnich NN, Klyaritskaya IL, Korochanskaya NV, Osipenko MF, Poluektova EA, Sarsenbaeva AS, Simanenkov VI, Tkachev AV, Ulyanin AI, Khlynov IB, Tsukanov VV. Clinical Practice Guidelines of Russian Gastroenterological Association, Scientific Society for the Clinical Study of Human Microbiome, Russian Society for the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy for <i>H. pylori</i> Diagnostics and Treatment in Adults. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2022; 32:72-93. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-6-72-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Aim: bring to the attention of practitioners indications for anti-Helicobacter therapy, methods and procedure for diagnostics and eradication therapy of Н. pylori infection.Key points. Chronic gastritis caused by Н. pylori infection, including asymptomatic persons, may be considered as an indication for eradication therapy of Н. pylori as etiological therapy and opportunistic screening for gastric cancer prevention. Indications, for obligatory anti-Helicobacter therapy include peptic ulcer, gastric MALT lymphoma, early gastric cancer (EGC) with endoscopic resection. H. pylori primary diagnostics methods include 13C-urea breath test, H. pylori stool antigen lab test, rapid urease test and serological method. The serological method cannot be used after anti-Helicobacter therapy.In Russia H. pylori strains' resistance to clarithromycin does not exceed 15 % in most regional studies. The first line therapy for Н. pylori infection eradication is the standard triple therapy including a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin and amoxicillin, enhanced with bismuthate tripotassium dicitrate. A classic four-component therapy based on bismuthate tripotassium dicitrate or quadrotherapy without bismuth drug products which includes PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole, may be used as alternative to the first line eradication therapy. The standard triple therapy may be prescribed for 14 days only in those regions, where it has been proven to be effective. Quadrotherapy with bismuthate tripotassium dicitrate is also used as main second line therapy in case of standard triple therapy, bismuth enhanced standard triple therapy or combined therapy failure. Another second line therapy includes PPI, levofloxacin and amoxicillin, to which a bismuth-containing drug product may be added. The third line therapy is selected individually based on previously used treatment settings.Conclusion. In each case of H. pylori infection the decision for eradication therapy should be made, which is especially relevant as eradication of H. pylori has been recognized as an effective measure for the prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. S. Bordin
- Endocrinology Research Centre; Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center; Tver State Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - V. V. Tsukanov
- Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North - Division of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the RAS
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43
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Ivashkin VT, Lapina TL, Maev IV, Drapkina OM, Kozlov RS, Sheptulin AA, Trukhmanov AS, Abdulkhakov SR, Alekseeva OP, Alekseenko SA, Andreev DN, Bordin DS, Dekhnich NN, Klyaritskaya IL, Korochanskaya NV, Osipenko MF, Poluektova EA, Sarsenbaeva AS, Simanenkov VI, Tkachev AV, Ulyanin AI, Khlynov IB, Tsukanov VV. Clinical Practice Guidelines of Russian Gastroenterological Association, Scientific Society for the Clinical Study of Human Microbiome, Russian Society for the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy for <i>H. pylori</i> Diagnostics and Treatment in Adults. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2022; 32:72-93. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-6-72-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim: bring to the attention of practitioners indications for anti-Helicobacter therapy, methods and procedure for diagnostics and eradication therapy of Н. pylori infection.Key points. Chronic gastritis caused by Н. pylori infection, including asymptomatic persons, may be considered as an indication for eradication therapy of Н. pylori as etiological therapy and opportunistic screening for gastric cancer prevention. Indications, for obligatory anti-Helicobacter therapy include peptic ulcer, gastric MALT lymphoma, early gastric cancer (EGC) with endoscopic resection. H. pylori primary diagnostics methods include 13C-urea breath test, H. pylori stool antigen lab test, rapid urease test and serological method. The serological method cannot be used after anti-Helicobacter therapy.In Russia H. pylori strains' resistance to clarithromycin does not exceed 15 % in most regional studies. The first line therapy for Н. pylori infection eradication is the standard triple therapy including a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin and amoxicillin, enhanced with bismuthate tripotassium dicitrate. A classic four-component therapy based on bismuthate tripotassium dicitrate or quadrotherapy without bismuth drug products which includes PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole, may be used as alternative to the first line eradication therapy. The standard triple therapy may be prescribed for 14 days only in those regions, where it has been proven to be effective. Quadrotherapy with bismuthate tripotassium dicitrate is also used as main second line therapy in case of standard triple therapy, bismuth enhanced standard triple therapy or combined therapy failure. Another second line therapy includes PPI, levofloxacin and amoxicillin, to which a bismuth-containing drug product may be added. The third line therapy is selected individually based on previously used treatment settings.Conclusion. In each case of H. pylori infection the decision for eradication therapy should be made, which is especially relevant as eradication of H. pylori has been recognized as an effective measure for the prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. S. Bordin
- Endocrinology Research Centre; Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center; Tver State Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - V. V. Tsukanov
- Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North - Division of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the RAS
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44
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Danis R, Mego M, Antonova M, Stepanova R, Svobodnik A, Hejnova R, Wawruch M. Orally Administered Probiotics in the Prevention of Chemotherapy (± Radiotherapy)-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221144309. [PMID: 36567453 PMCID: PMC9806400 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221144309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoradiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity may lead to a significant impairment of the oncological patient's quality of life, as well as to reduced adherence to the treatment, which may have a negative impact on survival and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to investigate whether oral probiotic administration prevents chemotherapy (± radiotherapy)-induced gastrointestinal toxicity, particularly diarrhea. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases for randomized controlled trials in English published between 1990 and 2020. We conducted statistical data analyses expressing the treatment effect size as a risk ratio (RR) together with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Implications are based on trials rated as having a low risk of bias (RoB). RESULTS We included 8 trials (n = 697 participants), from which 3 studies rated as low RoB contained primary endpoint data; the risk of developing grade 3/4 diarrhea in patients receiving probiotics was reduced by 78% compared to the control group (RR = 0.22 [95% CI 0.05-1.08]; P = .06; n = 114 participants). Probiotics showed preventive effects in patients treated with chemotherapy alone (RR = 0.34 [0.12-0.94]; P = .04, n = 121 participants) and in patients with colorectal cancer (RR = 0.56 [0.34-0.92]; P = .02; n = 208 participants). The reduction in the incidence of overall diarrhea was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics failed to prove a preventive effect of statistical significance against the development of severe and overall diarrhea in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (± radiotherapy). However, we cannot rule out that the effects of probiotics are clinically relevant, especially in certain subgroups of patients. This needs to be clarified in further well-performed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Danis
- Comenius University in Bratislava
Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia,Radoslav Danis, Comenius University in
Bratislava Faculty of Medicine, Spitalska 24, Bratislava 813 72, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Mego
- Comenius University in Bratislava
Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava,
Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | - Renata Hejnova
- Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine,
Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Wawruch
- Comenius University in Bratislava
Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
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45
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Anticancer Properties of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii Supernatant on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1130-1138. [PMID: 35094296 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii, a variety of S. cerevisiae, is used as a probiotic yeast in food and drug industries. However, S. boulardii is an opportunistic pathogen, and the supernatant of this organism has recently been recommended for its health-promoting benefits. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer disease in women worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of S. boulardii supernatant (SBS) on cell viability, inducing apoptosis and suppression of survivin gene expression in MCF-7 and MCF-7/MX as human non-drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells respectively. The IC50 value of SBS against MCF-7 was calculated 1037, 542, and 543 µg/mL for 24, 48, and 72 h treatments, respectively. Also, this value against MCF-7/MX cells were measured 1242, 616, and 444 µg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. We found that suppression of survivin gene expression should be one of the main molecular antitumor mechanisms which is contributed to apoptosis in breast cancer cells. However, anticancer activity of SBS was observed more efficient against MCF-7 than that against MCF-7/MX cells. SBS is suggested to be considered as one of the prospective anticancer drugs to treat human breast carcinoma. More investigations especially in vivo studies are strongly recommended to be implemented to characterize other antitumor mechanisms of SBS against breast carcinoma.
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Lau VI, Xie F, Fowler RA, Rochwerg B, Johnstone J, Lauzier F, Marshall JC, Basmaji J, Henderson W, Khwaja K, Loubani O, Niven DJ, Zarychanski R, Arabi YM, Cartin-Ceba R, Thabane L, Heels-Ansdell D, Cook DJ. Health economic evaluation alongside the Probiotics to Prevent Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial (E-PROSPECT): a cost-effectiveness analysis. Can J Anaesth 2022; 69:1515-1526. [PMID: 36289153 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-022-02335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to compare the cost-effectiveness of probiotics and usual care with usual care without probiotics in mechanically ventilated, intensive care unit patients alongside the Probiotics to Prevent Severe Pneumonia and Endotracheal Colonization Trial (PROSPECT). METHODS We conducted a health economic evaluation alongside the PROSPECT randomized control trial (October 2013-March 2019). We adopted a public healthcare payer's perspective. Forty-four intensive care units in three countries (Canada/USA/Saudi Arabia) with adult critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients (N = 2,650) were included. Interventions were probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) vs placebo administered enterally twice daily. We collected healthcare resource use and estimated unit costs in 2019 United States dollars (USD) over a time horizon from randomization to hospital discharge/death. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) comparing probiotics vs usual care. The primary outcome was incremental cost per ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) event averted; secondary outcomes were costs per Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and mortality averted. Uncertainty was investigated using nonparametric bootstrapping and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation [SD]) cost per patient was USD 66,914 (91,098) for patients randomized to probiotics, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] of USD 42,947 [22,239 to 76,205]. By comparison, for those not receiving probiotics, mean (SD) cost per patient was USD 62,701 (78,676) (median [IQR], USD 41,102 [23,170 to 75,140]; incremental cost, USD 4,213; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2,269 to 10,708). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for VAP or AAD events averted, probiotics were dominated by usual care (more expensive, with similar effectiveness). The ICERs were USD 1,473,400 per CDAD event averted (95% CI, undefined) and USD 396,764 per death averted (95% CI, undefined). Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves reveal that probiotics were not cost-effective across wide ranges of plausible willingness-to-pay thresholds. Sensitivity analyses did not change the conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics for VAP prevention among critically ill patients were not cost-effective. Study registration data www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT01782755); registered 4 February 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent I Lau
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Programs for Health Economics and Outcomes Measures, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Fowler
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennie Johnstone
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - François Lauzier
- Departments of Medicine, Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Basmaji
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - William Henderson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kosar Khwaja
- Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Osama Loubani
- Department of Critical Care, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Daniel J Niven
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- Sections of Critical Care and Hematology/Medical Oncology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yaseen M Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah J Cook
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Biofilms and Benign Colonic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214259. [PMID: 36430737 PMCID: PMC9698058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The colon has a very large surface area that is covered by a dense mucus layer. The biomass in the colon includes 500-1000 bacterial species at concentrations of ~1012 colony-forming units per gram of feces. The intestinal epithelial cells and the commensal bacteria in the colon have a symbiotic relationship that results in nutritional support for the epithelial cells by the bacteria and maintenance of the optimal commensal bacterial population by colonic host defenses. Bacteria can form biofilms in the colon, but the exact frequency is uncertain because routine methods to undertake colonoscopy (i.e., bowel preparation) may dislodge these biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms represent a complex community that includes living and dead bacteria and an extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA, and exogenous debris in the colon. The formation of biofilms occurs in benign colonic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. The development of a biofilm might serve as a marker for ongoing colonic inflammation. Alternatively, the development of biofilms could contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders by providing sanctuaries for pathogenic bacteria and reducing the commensal bacterial population. Therapeutic approaches to patients with benign colonic diseases could include the elimination of biofilms and restoration of normal commensal bacteria populations. However, these studies will be extremely difficult unless investigators can develop noninvasive methods for measuring and identifying biofilms. These methods that might include the measurement of quorum sensing molecules, measurement of bile acids, and identification of bacteria uniquely associated with biofilms in the colon.
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Wang Y, Ai Z, Xing X, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Nan B, Li X, Wang Y, Liu J. The ameliorative effect of probiotics on diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3556-3572. [PMID: 36218373 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet induces lipid metabolism disorders that has become one of the grievous public health problems and imposes a serious economic and social burden worldwide. Safety probiotics isolated from nature are regarded as a novel supplementary strategy for preventing and improving diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders and related chronic diseases. The present review summarized the latest researches of probiotics in high fat diet induced lipid metabolism disorders to provide a critical perspective on the regulatory function of probiotics for future research. Furthermore, the screening criteria and general sources of probiotics with lipid-lowering ability also outlined to enlarge microbial species resource bank instantly, which promoted the development of functional foods with lipid-lowering strains from nature. After critically reviewing the lipid-lowering potential of probiotics both in vitro and in vivo and even in clinical data of humans, we provided a perspective that probiotics activated AMPK signaling pathway to regulate fat synthesis and decomposition, as well as affected positively the gut microbiota structure, intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammatory response, then these beneficial effects are amplified along Gut-liver axis, which regulated intestinal flora metabolites such as SCFAs and BAs by HMGCR/FXR/SHP signaling pathway to improve high fat diet induced lipid metabolism disorders effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyi Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Cord Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Cord Deep Processing, Changchun, China
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Synbiotic Supplementation Modulates Gut Microbiota, Regulates β-Catenin Expression and Prevents Weight Gain in ob/ob Mice: Preliminary Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810483. [PMID: 36142396 PMCID: PMC9501016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is one of the main health problems in the world today, and dysbiosis seems to be one of the factors involved. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of synbiotic supplementation on obesity and the microbiota in ob/ob mice. Twenty animals were divided into four groups: obese treated (OT), obese control (OC), lean treated (LT) and lean control (LC). All animals received a standard diet for 8 weeks. The treated groups received a synbiotic (Simbioflora-Invictus Farmanutrição Ltd., Sao Paulo, Brazil) in water, while the nontreated groups received only water. After 8 weeks, all animals were sacrificed, and gut tissue and stool samples were collected for mRNA isolation and microbiota analysis, respectively. β-Catenin, occludin, cadherin and zonulin in the gut tissue were analyzed via RT-qPCR. Microbiome DNA was extracted from stool samples and sequenced using an Ion PGM Torrent platform. Results: Synbiotic supplementation reduced body weight gain in the OT group compared with the OC group (p = 0.0398) and was associated with an increase in Enterobacteriaceae (p = 0.005) and a decrease in Cyanobacteria (p = 0.047), Clostridiaceae (p = 0.026), Turicibacterales (p = 0.005) and Coprococcus (p = 0.047). On the other hand, a significant reduction in Sutterella (p = 0.009) and Turicibacter (p = 0.005) bacteria was observed in the LT group compared to the LC group. Alpha and beta diversities were different among all treated groups. β-Catenin gene expression was significantly decreased in the gut tissue of the OT group (p ≤ 0.0001) compared to the other groups. No changes were observed in occludin, cadherin or zonulin gene expression in the gut tissue. Conclusions: Synbiotic supplementation prevents excessive weight gain, modulates the gut microbiota, and reduces β-catenin expression in ob/ob mice.
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50
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183726. [PMID: 36145102 PMCID: PMC9505003 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the impact of the gastrointestinal microbiome on human health outcomes. To clarify the evidence for a link between the gastrointestinal microbiome and a variety of health outcomes in humans, we conducted an all-encompassing review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews that included 195 meta-analyses containing 950 unique health outcomes. The gastrointestinal microbiome is related to mortality, gastrointestinal disease, immune and metabolic outcomes, neurological and psychiatric outcomes, maternal and infant outcomes, and other outcomes. Existing interventions for intestinal microbiota (such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, etc.) are generally safe and beneficial to a variety of human health outcomes, but the quality of evidence is not high, and more detailed and well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary.
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