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den Braver NR, Garcia Bengoechea E, Messing S, Kelly L, Schoonmade LJ, Volf K, Zukowska J, Gelius P, Forberger S, Woods CB, Lakerveld J. The impact of mass-media campaigns on physical activity: a review of reviews through a policy lens. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:iv71-iv83. [PMID: 36444108 PMCID: PMC9706123 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review of reviews aimed to: (1) summarize the evidence from published reviews on the effectiveness of mass-media campaigns to promote physical activity (PA) or PA-related determinants (intermediate psychological and proximal outcomes) and (2) to identify policy-relevant recommendations related to successful PA campaigns. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed on 1 March 2021. Reviews that evaluated the impact of campaigns on distal (e.g. PA) and/or proximal outcomes of PA (awareness, knowledge, etc.) and that targeted the general population or subsets were included. Quality of reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Policy-relevant recommendations were systematically derived and synthesized and formulated as good practice statements. A protocol was registered beforehand (ID: CRD42021249184). RESULTS A total of 1915 studies were identified, of which 22 reviews were included. The most consistent evidence was found for the effectiveness of mass-media campaigns on proximal outcomes, while the evidence for distal outcomes was mixed. Good practice statements were derived: (1) to achieve behaviour change, mass-media is an important component of larger, multilevel and multicomponent strategies; (2) mass-media strategies should be coordinated and aligned at local- and national-level and be sustained, monitored and resourced at these levels and (3) media should be tailored to reduce socioeconomic inequalities. CONCLUSIONS Mass-media can play an important role in the promotion of PA. In general, evidence was more inconsistent for effectiveness on distal outcomes than for proximal outcomes. Policy-relevant recommendations include that mass-media strategies should be resourced, coordinated, aligned, sustained, monitored and evaluated on the local and national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette R den Braver
- Correspondence: Nicolette R. den Braver, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institutes, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 20 44 430 80, e-mail:
| | - Enrique Garcia Bengoechea
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Research and Innovation Unit, Sport Ireland, Ireland
| | - Sven Messing
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liam Kelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Linda J Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Volf
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joanna Zukowska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Peter Gelius
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Forberger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Catherine B Woods
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institutes, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Upstream Team, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pourkarim M, Nayebzadeh S, Alavian SM, Hataminasab SH. Digital Marketing: A Unique Multidisciplinary Approach towards the Elimination of Viral Hepatitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060626. [PMID: 35745480 PMCID: PMC9228079 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies are supported by the global implementation of the internet. These improvements have deeply affected various disciplines of sciences and consequently changed services such as daily business, particularly health sectors. Innovative digital marketing strategies utilize the channels of social media and retrieved user data to analyze and improve relevant services. These multidisciplinary innovations can assist specialists, physicians and researchers in diagnostic, prophylaxis and treatment issues in the health sector. Accordingly, compared to recent decades, health decision makers are more accurate and trustful in defining new strategies. Interestingly, using social media and mobile health apps in current pandemics of SARS-CoV-2 could be an important instance of the key role of these platforms at the local and global level of health policies. These digital technologies provide platforms to connect public health sectors and health politicians for communicating and spreading relevant information. Adding influencers and campaigns to this toolbox strengthens the implementation of public health programs. In 2016, the WHO adopted a global program to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Recent constructive measures that have been used in the battle against COVID-19 could be adopted for the elimination of viral hepatitis program. The presented evidence in our narrative review demonstrates that the application of digital marketing tools to create campaigns on social media, armed with professional influencers, can efficiently consolidate this program. The application of different strategies in using these popular tools will raise the public awareness about viral hepatitis. Subsequently, the availability of an effective vaccine for HBV and antiviral medication for HCV can motivate the audience to take steps towards prophylaxis and screening methods against these infectious illnesses. The encouragement of health policy makers to apply digital communication technologies and comprehensive roadmaps to implement this global program will certainly decrease the burden of viral hepatitis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Pourkarim
- Department of Management, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd P.O. Box 89195/155, Iran; (M.P.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Shahnaz Nayebzadeh
- Department of Management, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd P.O. Box 89195/155, Iran; (M.P.); (S.H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-351-8211391; Fax: +98-351-8214810
| | | | - Seyyed Hassan Hataminasab
- Department of Management, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd P.O. Box 89195/155, Iran; (M.P.); (S.H.H.)
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Agbata EN, Buitrago-Garcia D, Nunez-Gonzalez S, Hashmi SS, Pottie K, Alonso-Coello P, Arevalo-Rodriguez I. Quality assessment of systematic reviews on international migrant healthcare interventions: a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jones AC, Grout L, Wilson N, Nghiem N, Cleghorn C. The Cost-effectiveness of a Mass Media Campaign to Promote Smartphone Apps for Weight Loss: Updated Modeling Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e29291. [PMID: 35438643 PMCID: PMC9066337 DOI: 10.2196/29291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that smartphone apps can be effective in the self-management of weight. Given the low cost, broad reach, and apparent effectiveness of weight loss apps, governments may seek to encourage their uptake as a tool to reduce excess weight in the population. Mass media campaigns are 1 mechanism for promoting app use. However, the cost and potential cost-effectiveness are important considerations. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to use modeling to assess the health impacts, health system costs, cost-effectiveness, and health equity of a mass media campaign to promote high-quality smartphone apps for weight loss in New Zealand. METHODS We used an established proportional multistate life table model that simulates the 2011 New Zealand adult population over the lifetime, subgrouped by age, sex, and ethnicity (Māori [Indigenous] or non-Māori). The risk factor was BMI. The model compared business as usual to a one-off mass media campaign intervention, which included the pooled effect size from a recent meta-analysis of smartphone weight loss apps. The resulting impact on BMI and BMI-related diseases was captured through changes in health gain (quality-adjusted life years) and in health system costs. The difference in total health system costs was the net sum of intervention costs and downstream cost offsets because of altered disease rates. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied to health gains and health system costs. Multiple scenarios and sensitivity analyses were conducted, including an equity adjustment. RESULTS Across the remaining lifetime of the modeled 2011 New Zealand population, the mass media campaign to promote weight loss app use had an estimated overall health gain of 181 (95% uncertainty interval 113-270) quality-adjusted life years and health care costs of -NZ $606,000 (-US $408,000; 95% uncertainty interval -NZ $2,540,000 [-US $1,709,000] to NZ $907,000 [US $610,000]). The mean health care costs were negative, representing overall savings to the health system. Across the outcomes examined in this study, the modeled mass media campaign to promote weight loss apps among the general population would be expected to provide higher per capita health gain for Māori and hence reduce health inequities arising from high BMI, assuming that the intervention would be as effective for Māori as it is for non-Māori. CONCLUSIONS A modeled mass media campaign to encourage the adoption of smartphone apps to promote weight loss among the New Zealand adult population is expected to yield an overall gain in health and to be cost-saving to the health system. Although other interventions in the nutrition and physical activity space are even more beneficial to health and produce larger cost savings (eg, fiscal policies and food reformulation), governments may choose to include strategies to promote health app use as complementary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Jones
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Leah Grout
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nick Wilson
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nhung Nghiem
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Christine Cleghorn
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Durkin SJ, Brennan E, Wakefield MA. Optimising tobacco control campaigns within a changing media landscape and among priority populations. Tob Control 2022; 31:284-290. [PMID: 35241601 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Reviews published over the past decade confirm tobacco control campaigns can be effective for influencing adult and youth tobacco use behaviours, with strengthening evidence for high cost-effectiveness. Evidence is also accumulating for positive campaign effects on interpersonal discussions, social norms and policy support that can help motivate and sustain quitting and reduce uptake. Research needs over the next decade centre on the rapidly changing media environment and the equity of campaign effects among high smoking prevalence communities. The field needs specific evidence on: how to measure total campaign reach and frequency across the diverse range of media platforms and channels; the optimum mix of traditional, digital and social media to achieve behaviour change, especially among high smoking prevalence communities; the relative reach and impact of the wide variety of integrated, digital and social media message delivery methods; the relative effectiveness of messages that aim to build capacity to quit and optimum methods for combining motivational and capacity-building messages, especially for high prevalence groups who face additional barriers to staying quit; the ongoing effectiveness of traditional versus new versions of messages highlighting tobacco industry practices; the influence of e-cigarette use on tobacco control campaign effects; and the effectiveness of different types of campaigns aiming to prevent e-cigarette uptake and motivate e-cigarette cessation. Research is also needed to investigate the potential for campaigns to influence the public's understanding and support for endgame tobacco control policies and for campaign elements that may influence the social and environmental contexts surrounding smokers that support and maintain behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Durkin
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Brennan
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie A Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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MacFarlane D, Hurlstone MJ, Ecker UKH, Ferraro PJ, Linden S, Wan AKY, Veríssimo D, Burgess G, Chen F, Hall W, Hollands GJ, Sutherland WJ. Reducing demand for overexploited wildlife products: Lessons from systematic reviews from outside conservation science. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas MacFarlane
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Mark J. Hurlstone
- School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Department of Psychology Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Ullrich K. H. Ecker
- School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Paul J. Ferraro
- Carey Business School and the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, A Joint Department of the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Sander Linden
- Department of Psychology, Social Decision‐Making Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Anita K. Y. Wan
- Socio‐Ecological and Conservation Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Diogo Veríssimo
- Oxford Martin Program on the Illegal Wildlife Trade, Oxford University Oxford UK
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Gayle Burgess
- TRAFFIC, The Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network Cambridge UK
| | - Frederick Chen
- Department of Economics Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Gareth J. Hollands
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College Cambridge UK
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Swedberg K, Cawley D, Ekman I, Rogers HL, Antonic D, Behmane D, Björkman I, Britten N, Buttigieg SC, Byers V, Börjesson M, Corazzini K, Fors A, Granger B, Joksimoski B, Lewandowski R, Sakalauskas V, Srulovici E, Törnell J, Wallström S, Wolf A, Lloyd HM. Testing cost containment of future healthcare with maintained or improved quality-The COSTCARES project. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e309. [PMID: 34141903 PMCID: PMC8180514 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing healthcare costs need to be contained in order to maintain equality of access to care for all EU citizens. A cross-disciplinary consortium of experts was supported by the EU FP7 research programme, to produce a roadmap on cost containment, while maintaining or improving the quality of healthcare. The roadmap comprises two drivers: person-centred care and health promotion; five critical enablers also need to be addressed: information technology, quality measures, infrastructure, incentive systems, and contracting strategies. METHOD In order to develop and test the roadmap, a COST Action project was initiated: COST-CARES, with 28 participating countries. This paper provides an overview of evidence about the effects of each of the identified enablers. Intersections between the drivers and the enablers are identified as critical for the success of future cost containment, in tandem with maintained or improved quality in healthcare. This will require further exploration through testing. CONCLUSION Cost containment of future healthcare, with maintained or improved quality, needs to be addressed through a concerted approach of testing key factors. We propose a framework for test lab design based on these drivers and enablers in different European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Swedberg
- Centre for Person Centred CareUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Desmond Cawley
- Department of Nursing and Healthcare, Faculty of Science and HealthAthlone Institute of TechnologyAthloneIreland
| | - Inger Ekman
- Centre for Person Centred CareUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Heather L. Rogers
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoSpain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | | | - Daiga Behmane
- Institute of Public HealthRiga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | - Ida Björkman
- Centre for Person Centred CareUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Nicky Britten
- Institute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Sandra C. Buttigieg
- Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
| | - Vivienne Byers
- Environmental Sustainability & Health InstituteTechnological University DublinDublinIreland
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Sports Science, Center for Health and PerformanceUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kirsten Corazzini
- Duke University School of NursingDurhamNorth Carolina
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human DevelopmentDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Andreas Fors
- Centre for Person Centred CareUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Bradi Granger
- Duke University Heart and Vascular ServicesDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Boban Joksimoski
- Faculty of Computer Science and EngineeringSkopjeNorth Macedonia
| | - Roman Lewandowski
- Management FacultyUniversity of Social SciencesLodzPoland
- Voivodeship Rehabilitation Hospital for Children in AmerykaOlsztynekPoland
| | | | | | - Jan Törnell
- Centre for Person Centred CareUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sara Wallström
- Centre for Person Centred CareUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Axel Wolf
- Centre for Person Centred CareUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Health and Care SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Helen M. Lloyd
- Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, School of PsychologyUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUnited Kingdom
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Petkovic J, Duench S, Trawin J, Dewidar O, Pardo Pardo J, Simeon R, DesMeules M, Gagnon D, Hatcher Roberts J, Hossain A, Pottie K, Rader T, Tugwell P, Yoganathan M, Presseau J, Welch V. Behavioural interventions delivered through interactive social media for health behaviour change, health outcomes, and health equity in the adult population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 5:CD012932. [PMID: 34057201 PMCID: PMC8406980 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012932.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networking platforms offer a wide reach for public health interventions allowing communication with broad audiences using tools that are generally free and straightforward to use and may be combined with other components, such as public health policies. We define interactive social media as activities, practices, or behaviours among communities of people who have gathered online to interactively share information, knowledge, and opinions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effectiveness of interactive social media interventions, in which adults are able to communicate directly with each other, on changing health behaviours, body functions, psychological health, well-being, and adverse effects. Our secondary objective was to assess the effects of these interventions on the health of populations who experience health inequity as defined by PROGRESS-Plus. We assessed whether there is evidence about PROGRESS-Plus populations being included in studies and whether results are analysed across any of these characteristics. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE (including trial registries) and PsycINFO. We used Google, Web of Science, and relevant web sites to identify additional studies and searched reference lists of included studies. We searched for published and unpublished studies from 2001 until June 1, 2020. We did not limit results by language. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-and-after (CBAs) and interrupted time series studies (ITSs). We included studies in which the intervention website, app, or social media platform described a goal of changing a health behaviour, or included a behaviour change technique. The social media intervention had to be delivered to adults via a commonly-used social media platform or one that mimicked a commonly-used platform. We included studies comparing an interactive social media intervention alone or as a component of a multi-component intervention with either a non-interactive social media control or an active but less-interactive social media comparator (e.g. a moderated versus an unmoderated discussion group). Our main outcomes were health behaviours (e.g. physical activity), body function outcomes (e.g. blood glucose), psychological health outcomes (e.g. depression), well-being, and adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were process outcomes important for behaviour change and included knowledge, attitudes, intention and motivation, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and social support. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used a pre-tested data extraction form and collected data independently, in duplicate. Because we aimed to assess broad outcomes, we extracted only one outcome per main and secondary outcome categories prioritised by those that were the primary outcome as reported by the study authors, used in a sample size calculation, and patient-important. MAIN RESULTS We included 88 studies (871,378 participants), of which 84 were RCTs, three were CBAs and one was an ITS. The majority of the studies were conducted in the USA (54%). In total, 86% were conducted in high-income countries and the remaining 14% in upper middle-income countries. The most commonly used social media platform was Facebook (39%) with few studies utilising other platforms such as WeChat, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Google Hangouts. Many studies (48%) used web-based communities or apps that mimic functions of these well-known social media platforms. We compared studies assessing interactive social media interventions with non-interactive social media interventions, which included paper-based or in-person interventions or no intervention. We only reported the RCT results in our 'Summary of findings' table. We found a range of effects on health behaviours, such as breastfeeding, condom use, diet quality, medication adherence, medical screening and testing, physical activity, tobacco use, and vaccination. For example, these interventions may increase physical activity and medical screening tests but there was little to no effect for other health behaviours, such as improved diet or reduced tobacco use (20,139 participants in 54 RCTs). For body function outcomes, interactive social media interventions may result in small but important positive effects, such as a small but important positive effect on weight loss and a small but important reduction in resting heart rate (4521 participants in 30 RCTs). Interactive social media may improve overall well-being (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.79, moderate effect, low-certainty evidence) demonstrated by an increase of 3.77 points on a general well-being scale (from 1.15 to 6.48 points higher) where scores range from 14 to 70 (3792 participants in 16 studies). We found no difference in effect on psychological outcomes (depression and distress) representing a difference of 0.1 points on a standard scale in which scores range from 0 to 63 points (SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.12, low-certainty evidence, 2070 participants in 12 RCTs). We also compared studies assessing interactive social media interventions with those with an active but less interactive social media control (11 studies). Four RCTs (1523 participants) that reported on physical activity found an improvement demonstrated by an increase of 28 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week (from 10 to 47 minutes more, SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.59, small effect, very low-certainty evidence). Two studies found little to no difference in well-being for those in the intervention and control groups (SMD 0.02, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.13, small effect, low-certainty evidence), demonstrated by a mean change of 0.4 points on a scale with a range of 0 to 100. Adverse events related to the social media component of the interventions, such as privacy issues, were not reported in any of our included studies. We were unable to conduct planned subgroup analyses related to health equity as only four studies reported relevant data. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review combined data for a variety of outcomes and found that social media interventions that aim to increase physical activity may be effective and social media interventions may improve well-being. While we assessed many other outcomes, there were too few studies to compare or, where there were studies, the evidence was uncertain. None of our included studies reported adverse effects related to the social media component of the intervention. Future studies should assess adverse events related to the interactive social media component and should report on population characteristics to increase our understanding of the potential effect of these interventions on reducing health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omar Dewidar
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jordi Pardo Pardo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rosiane Simeon
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie DesMeules
- Social Determinants and Science Integration/ Direction des déterminants sociaux et de l'intégration scientifique, Public Health Agency of Canada/Agence de santé publique du Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Diane Gagnon
- Department of Communication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Alomgir Hossain
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tamara Rader
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Justin Presseau
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Vivian Welch
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Morrison J, Akter K, Jennings H, Ahmed N, Kumer Shaha S, Kuddus A, Nahar T, King C, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Khan AKA, Costello A, Azad K, Fottrell E. Learning from a diabetes mHealth intervention in rural Bangladesh: what worked, what did not and what next? Glob Public Health 2021; 17:1299-1313. [PMID: 33966607 PMCID: PMC9487863 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1923776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for population-based interventions to slow the growth of the diabetes epidemic in low-and middle-income countries. We tested the effectiveness of a population-based mHealth voice messaging intervention for T2DM prevention and control in rural Bangladesh through a cluster randomised controlled trial. mHealth improved knowledge and awareness about T2DM but there was no detectable effect on T2DM occurrence. We conducted mixed-methods research to understand this result. Exposure to messages was limited by technological faults, high frequency of mobile phone number changes, message fatigue and (mis)perceptions that messages were only for those who had T2DM. Persistent social norms, habits and desires made behaviour change challenging, and participants felt they would be more motivated by group discussions than mHealth messaging alone. Engagement with mHealth messages for T2DM prevention and control can be increased by (1) sending identifiable messages from a trusted source (2) using participatory design of mHealth messages to inform modelling of behaviours and increase relevance to the general population (3) enabling interactive messaging. mHealth messaging is likely to be most successful if implemented as part of a multi-sectoral, multi-component approach to address T2DM and non-communicable disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Morrison
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Naveed Ahmed
- Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdul Kuddus
- Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasmin Nahar
- Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Carina King
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - A K Azad Khan
- Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anthony Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kishwar Azad
- Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward Fottrell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Chartier KG, Martinez P, Cummings C, Riley BP, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Recruiting for diversity: a pilot test of recruitment strategies for a national alcohol survey with mail-in genetic data collection. J Community Genet 2021; 12:459-468. [PMID: 33398649 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-020-00502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of collecting a saliva sample for DNA through the mail from a national sample of drinkers and examined whether targeted messaging would increase the response rates of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino participants. We invited respondents from two prior national population surveys to participate in a brief telephone survey regarding recent alcohol use and to mail in a self-administered saliva sample. Blacks/African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and Whites had similar rates of consenting to participate. A higher proportion of respondents with a college education and a family history of alcohol problems consented. The differences in participation between respondents receiving targeted and general messaging were not statistically significant. This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility of recruiting diverse participants into a genetic study of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | | | - Cory Cummings
- School of Social Work, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
| | - Brien P Riley
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Garzón-Orjuela N, Samacá-Samacá DF, Luque Angulo SC, Mendes Abdala CV, Reveiz L, Eslava-Schmalbach J. An overview of reviews on strategies to reduce health inequalities. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:192. [PMID: 33115482 PMCID: PMC7594271 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Governments are incentivized to develop and implement health action programs focused on equity to ensure progress with effective strategies or interventions. OBJECTIVE Identify and synthesize strategies or interventions that facilitate the reduction of health inequalities. METHODS A systematic search strategy was carried out up until August 2019 in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, Scopus, Scielo and Epistemonikos. In addition, a snowball strategy was used. Literature reviews (LRs) of experimental and quasi-experimental studies were included. The identified interventions and outcomes were categorized based on the recommendation by the Cochrane group in "Effective Practice and Organization of Care". The quality of the included LRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 tool. RESULTS Four thousand ninety-five articles were identified, of which 97 were included in the synthesis of evidence. Most of the studies included focused on the general population, vulnerable populations and minority populations. The subjects of general health and healthy lifestyles were the most commonly addressed. According to the classification of the type of intervention, the domain covered most was the delivery arrangements, followed by the domain of implementation strategies. The most frequent group of outcomes was the reported outcome in (clinical) patients, followed by social outcomes. CONCLUSION The strategies that facilitate the reduction of health inequalities must be intersectoral and multidisciplinary in nature, including all sectors of the health system. It is essential to continue generating interventions focused on strengthening health systems in order to achieve adequate universal health coverage, with a process of comprehensive and quality care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Ludovic Reveiz
- Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC, USA
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Schliemann D, Su TT, Paramasivam D, Treanor C, Dahlui M, Loh SY, Donnelly M. Effectiveness of Mass and Small Media Campaigns to Improve Cancer Awareness and Screening Rates in Asia: A Systematic Review. J Glob Oncol 2020; 5:1-20. [PMID: 30969807 PMCID: PMC6528732 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this systematic review was to identify whether mass and small media interventions improve knowledge and attitudes about cancer, cancer screening rates, and early detection of cancer in Asia. METHODS The review was conducted according to a predefined protocol. Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched in September 2017, and data extraction and rating of methodologic study quality (according to Joanna Briggs Institute rating procedures) were performed independently by reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-two studies (reported across 24 papers) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 21) were conducted in high or upper-middle income countries; targeted breast (n = 11), cervical (n = 7), colorectal (n = 3), or oral (n = 2) cancer; and used small media either alone (n = 15) or in combination with mass media and other components (n = 5). Studies regarding cancer screening uptake were of medium to high quality and mainly reported positive outcomes for cervical cancer and mixed results for breast and colorectal cancer. The methodologic strength of research that investigated change in cancer-related knowledge and the cost effectiveness of interventions, respectively, were weak and inconclusive. CONCLUSION Evidence indicated that small media campaigns seemed to be effective in terms of increasing screening uptake in Asia, in particular cervical cancer screening. Because of the limited number of studies in Asia, it was not possible to be certain about the effectiveness of mass media in improving screening uptake and the effectiveness of campaigns in improving cancer-related knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zähringer J, Schwingshackl L, Movsisyan A, Stratil JM, Capacci S, Steinacker JM, Forberger S, Ahrens W, Küllenberg de Gaudry D, Schünemann HJ, Meerpohl JJ. Use of the GRADE approach in health policymaking and evaluation: a scoping review of nutrition and physical activity policies. Implement Sci 2020; 15:37. [PMID: 32448231 PMCID: PMC7245872 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-020-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition and physical activity policies have the potential to influence lifestyle patterns and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. In the world of health-related guidelines, GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) is the most widely used approach for assessing the certainty of evidence and determining the strength of recommendations. Thus, it is relevant to explore its usefulness also in the process of nutrition and physical activity policymaking and evaluation. The purpose of this scoping review was (i) to generate an exemplary overview of documents using the GRADE approach in the process of nutrition and physical activity policymaking and evaluation, (ii) to find out how the GRADE approach has been applied, and (iii) to explore which facilitators of and barriers to the use of GRADE have been described on the basis of the identified documents. The overarching aim of this work is to work towards improving the process of evidence-informed policymaking in the areas of dietary behavior, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. METHODS A scoping review was conducted according to current reporting standards. MEDLINE via Ovid, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched up until 4 July 2019. Documents describing a body of evidence which was assessed for the development or evaluation of a policy, including documents labeled as "guidelines," or systematic reviews used to inform policymaking were included. RESULTS Thirty-six documents were included. Overall, 313 GRADE certainty of evidence ratings were identified in systematic reviews and guidelines; the strength of recommendations/policies was assessed in four documents, and six documents mentioned facilitators or barriers for the use of GRADE. The major reported barrier was the initial low starting level of a body of evidence from non-randomized studies when assessing the certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION This scoping review found that the GRADE approach has been used for policy evaluations, in the evaluation of the effectiveness of policy-relevant interventions (policymaking), as well as in the development of guidelines intended to guide policymaking. Several areas for future research were identified to explore the use of GRADE in health policymaking and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zähringer
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ani Movsisyan
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Stratil
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Capacci
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Forberger
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniela Küllenberg de Gaudry
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- McMaster GRADE Centre and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany.
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Alami SO, Dulli L, Dal Santo L, Rastagar SH, Seddiqi S, Hemat S, Machlin Burke J, Todd CS. Getting health information to internally displaced youth in Afghanistan: can mobile phone technology bridge the gap? Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1483. [PMID: 32908963 PMCID: PMC7459210 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Afghanistan ranks among the most disadvantaged globally for many key reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) indicators, despite important gains in the past decade. Youth (15 to 24 years) are a key audience for RMNCH information as they enter adulthood, marry and begin families; however, reaching Afghan youth with health information is challenging. Internally displaced persons (IDPs), including youth, experience additional challenges to obtaining health-related information and services. This study measured current and preferred RMNCH information channels to explore the feasibility of using mobile phone technology to provide RMNCH information to IDP youth in Afghanistan. Methods: We conducted a sub-group analysis of survey data from a mixed-methods, cross-sectional, formative assessment to understand current access to RMNCH information. The target population for this analysis includes 15-25-year-old male and female IDP youth from three Afghan Provinces. Survey data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: A total of 450 IDP youth were surveyed in the three provinces (225 male and 225 female). Access to RMNCH information outside of health facilities was limited. Mobile phone ownership was nearly universal among male participants, yet considerably lower among females; nearly all participants without personal phones reported access to phones when needed. Although few participants spontaneously mentioned mobile phones as a preferred source of RMNCH information, most male and female respondents reported they would be very or somewhat likely to use a free, mobile-phone-based system to access such information if offered. Conclusions: Given widespread access and considerable interest voiced by participants, mobile phones may be a viable way to reach IDP youth with important RMNCH health information in this fragile setting. Interventions should be designed and pilot-tested to identify the most appropriate platforms and information content and to further document feasibility and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Omar Alami
- Afghanistan Country Office/HEMAYAT Project, FHI 360, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Lisa Dulli
- Global Health and Population Research, FHI 360, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Leila Dal Santo
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Division, FHI 360, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | | | - Sediq Seddiqi
- Assess, Transform, Reach Consulting, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Shafiqullah Hemat
- Health Promotions Department, Ministry of Public Health Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | | | - Catherine S. Todd
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Division, FHI 360, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
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Alami SO, Dulli L, Dal Santo L, Rastagar SH, Seddiqi S, Hemat S, Machlin Burke J, Todd CS. Getting health information to internally displaced youth in Afghanistan: can mobile phone technology bridge the gap? Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1483. [PMID: 32908963 PMCID: PMC7459210 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13008.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Afghanistan ranks among the most disadvantaged globally for many key reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) indicators, despite important gains in the past decade. Youth (15 to 24 years) are a key audience for RMNCH information as they enter adulthood, marry and begin families; however, reaching Afghan youth with health information is challenging. Internally displaced persons (IDPs), including youth, experience additional challenges to obtaining health-related information and services. This study measured current and preferred RMNCH information channels to explore the feasibility of using mobile phone technology to provide RMNCH information to IDP youth in Afghanistan. Methods: We conducted a sub-group analysis of survey data from a mixed-methods, cross-sectional, formative assessment to understand current access to RMNCH information. The target population for this analysis includes 15-25-year-old male and female IDP youth from three Afghan Provinces. Survey data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: A total of 450 IDP youth were surveyed in the three provinces (225 male and 225 female). Access to RMNCH information outside of health facilities was limited. Mobile phone ownership was nearly universal among male participants, yet considerably lower among females; nearly all participants without personal phones reported access to phones when needed. Although few participants spontaneously mentioned mobile phones as a preferred source of RMNCH information, most male and female respondents reported they would be very or somewhat likely to use a free, mobile-phone-based system to access such information if offered. Conclusions: Given widespread access and considerable interest voiced by participants, mobile phones may be a viable way to reach IDP youth with important RMNCH health information in this fragile setting. Interventions should be designed and pilot-tested to identify the most appropriate platforms and information content and to further document feasibility and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Omar Alami
- Afghanistan Country Office/HEMAYAT Project, FHI 360, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Lisa Dulli
- Global Health and Population Research, FHI 360, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Leila Dal Santo
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Division, FHI 360, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | | | - Sediq Seddiqi
- Assess, Transform, Reach Consulting, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Shafiqullah Hemat
- Health Promotions Department, Ministry of Public Health Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | | | - Catherine S Todd
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Division, FHI 360, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
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Fu LY, Haimowitz R, Thompson D. Community members trusted by African American parents for vaccine advice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1715-1722. [PMID: 30779691 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1581553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pro-vaccination messages from nonmedical peers and others perceived to share a similar value system for society (referred to as worldview outlook) improves vaccination attitudes. Nonetheless, a minority of African American parents have friends and family members who provide them with vaccine advice. The aims of the current study were to identify the presumed worldview outlook of eight types of community figures as perceived by African American parents, and determine parents' trust in these figures for vaccine advice, and whether trust varied according to the figures' racial concordance. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 110 African American parents in 2015. Parents perceived the community figures to represent a spectrum of worldview outlooks. Although levels of trust in the community figures differed overall (p < .001), it was high in the school nurse, pediatrician, mother, father, disease survivor, and vaccine scientist. All trusted figures except the father were perceived to hold a communitarian outlook. Parents shown race-concordant figures had higher levels of trust in them than those who were shown race-discordant equivalents (p < .01). These findings suggest that vaccination campaigns geared toward African American parents may be strengthened by including other nonmedical, African American spokespersons who convey their community contributions in messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Y Fu
- a Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Rachel Haimowitz
- a Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Danielle Thompson
- a Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System , Washington , DC , USA
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Information on nosocomial infections in the mainstream media: an opinion document. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2019; 32:165-177. [PMID: 30880377 PMCID: PMC6441986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper seeks to explore the reasons for the low impact of nosocomial infection in the mainstream media and the responsibilities of physicians and journalists in terms of this situation. To this end, a small group of 13 experts met for round-table discussions, including physicians with expertise in nosocomial infection, medical lawsuits and ethics, as well as journalists from major mainstream Spanish media outlets. The various participants were asked a series of questions prior to the meeting, which were answered in writing by one of the speakers and discussed during the meeting by the whole group, the aim being to obtain consensual conclusions for each of them. The document was subsequently reviewed, edited and forwarded to all co-authors for their agreement. The opinions expressed are the personal opinions of the participants and not necessarily those of the institutions in which they work or with which they collaborate.
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Wogu JO, Chukwu CO, Nwafor KA, Anikpe EA, Ugwuoke JC, Ugwulor-Onyinyechi CC, Eseadi C. Mass media reportage of Lassa fever in Nigeria: a viewpoint. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060518821552. [PMID: 30657006 PMCID: PMC7140189 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518821552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Nigeria, the mass media are used independently or complementarily in health
promotion activities to achieve positive lifestyle changes. The mass media can
play a positive role in combating the Lassa fever epidemic and its attendant
fatality in Nigeria. The present review is necessitated by the widespread
reportage and persistence of Lassa fever infection and fatality in Nigeria. From
June to October 2018, the authors searched for relevant information in the grey
literature, Scopus database, PubMed, Cochrane database, Google, and Nigerian
newspapers and magazines, among other sources. Based on the reviewed literature,
the authors argue that the mass media reportage of Lassa fever is limited in its
content and undermined by poor network connection, the time of the day the
broadcasts are made, and people’s indifference. These factors have posed a
hindrance to health and environmental behaviours that would help to prevent
Lassa fever and have resulted in cases of Lassa fever. It is recommended that
media reporters intensify efforts at understanding the best time of the day to
broadcast Lassa fever prevention information. The mass media should also make
efforts toward providing accurate information regarding disease outbreak because
this might help reduce panic and resistance to control and prevention
measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Oluchukwu Wogu
- Department of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Joel Chinedum Ugwuoke
- Department of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Chiedu Eseadi
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Schliemann D, Donnelly M, Dahlui M, Loh SY, Tamin Ibrahim NSB, Somasundaram S, Donnelly C, Su TT. The 'Be Cancer Alert Campaign': protocol to evaluate a mass media campaign to raise awareness about breast and colorectal cancer in Malaysia. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:881. [PMID: 30200904 PMCID: PMC6131834 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast and colorectal cancer are the two most common cancers in Malaysia. Low awareness coupled with stigma and erroneous beliefs delay help-seeking behaviours, lead to late presentation and contribute to poor detection rates. Promoting cancer awareness through mass media may be effective in improving cancer-related knowledge and uptake in screening tests. However, research is sparse regarding the cultural translation and implementation of mass media campaigns in Malaysia (and Asia) in terms of raising awareness about colorectal and breast cancer. Methods A collaborative partnership comprising researchers from Malaysia and the UK as well as policy makers, public health experts and non-government organisations from Malaysia was formed to design, deliver and evaluate the Be Cancer Alert Campaign. Each awareness-raising campaign will run for five weeks (Colorectal Cancer in April 2018, followed by Breast Cancer in October 2018). Evaluation of the campaigns will take place in Gombak district (Colorectal Cancer) and Petaling district (Breast Cancer) respectively, in the form of a pre-post randomly selected household survey and collection of service utilisation data. Occupants who are aged 40-years and above and are able to answer questions independently will be selected from each household. A sample of 730 with 80% power will detect a change of 6.09% in knowledge that unexplained lump or swelling is a symptom of breast cancer or changes in bowel habits is a symptom of colorectal cancer. Discussion Malaysia and most South-East Asian countries have a low middle-income economy, with limited resources for cancer control. Late-staged cancers impose a significant economic burden on patients, households, communities, employers, health systems and governments. Our proposed strategy for the implementation of the culturally sensitive mass media cancer awareness-raising campaign will serve as a blueprint for cancer prevention and control policy in South-East Asian countries where the burden of cancer is increasing and there are high cancer death rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Schliemann
- Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's, University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's, University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Yim Loh
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Tin Tin Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Welch V, Petkovic J, Simeon R, Presseau J, Gagnon D, Hossain A, Pardo Pardo J, Pottie K, Rader T, Sokolovski A, Yoganathan M, Tugwell P, DesMeules M. Interactive social media interventions for health behaviour change, health outcomes, and health equity in the adult population. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute; Methods Centre; 85 Primrose Avenue Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Jennifer Petkovic
- University of Ottawa; Bruyère Research Institute; 43 Bruyère St Annex E, room 312 Ottawa ON Canada K1N 5C8
| | - Rosiane Simeon
- University of Ottawa; Bruyère Research Institute; 43 Bruyère St Annex E, room 312 Ottawa ON Canada K1N 5C8
| | - Justin Presseau
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program; 501 Smyth Road Ottawa Ontario Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Diane Gagnon
- University of Ottawa; Department of Communication; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre; 40 Ruskin Street Room H-2265 Ottawa ON Canada K1Y 4W7
| | - Jordi Pardo Pardo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus; Centre for Practice-Changing Research; 501 Smyth Road, Box 711 Room L1258 Ottawa ON Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Kevin Pottie
- University of Ottawa; Family Medicine; 75 Bruyere St Ottawa ON Canada K1N 5C8
| | - Tamara Rader
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH); 600-865 Carling Avenue Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | - Manosila Yoganathan
- University of Ottawa; Bruyère Research Institute; 43 Bruyère St Annex E, room 312 Ottawa ON Canada K1N 5C8
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Department of Medicine; Ottawa ON Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Marie DesMeules
- Public Health Agency of Canada/Agence de santé publique du Canada; Social Determinants and Science Integration/ Direction des déterminants sociaux et de l'intégration scientifique; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Welch V, Petkovic J, Simeon R, Presseau J, Gagnon D, Hossain A, Pardo JP, Pottie K, Rader T, Sokolovski A, Yoganathan M, Tugwell P, DesMeules M. PROTOCOL: Interactive social media interventions for health behaviour change, health outcomes, and health equity in the adult population. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2018; 14:1-38. [PMID: 37131397 PMCID: PMC8428005 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Mosdøl A, Lidal IB, Straumann GH, Vist GE. Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non-communicable diseases in adult, ethnic minorities. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2:CD011683. [PMID: 28211056 PMCID: PMC6464363 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011683.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity, a balanced diet, avoidance of tobacco exposure, and limited alcohol consumption may reduce morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Mass media interventions are commonly used to encourage healthier behaviours in population groups. It is unclear whether targeted mass media interventions for ethnic minority groups are more or less effective in changing behaviours than those developed for the general population. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of mass media interventions targeting adult ethnic minorities with messages about physical activity, dietary patterns, tobacco use or alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of NCDs. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, SweMed+, and ISI Web of Science until August 2016. We also searched for grey literature in OpenGrey, Grey Literature Report, Eldis, and two relevant websites until October 2016. The searches were not restricted by language. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for individual and cluster-randomised controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies (CBA) and interrupted time series studies (ITS). Relevant interventions promoted healthier behaviours related to physical activity, dietary patterns, tobacco use or alcohol consumption; were disseminated via mass media channels; and targeted ethnic minority groups. The population of interest comprised adults (≥ 18 years) from ethnic minority groups in the focal countries. Primary outcomes included indicators of behavioural change, self-reported behavioural change and knowledge and attitudes towards change. Secondary outcomes were the use of health promotion services and costs related to the project. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently reviewed the references to identify studies for inclusion. We extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in all included studies. We did not pool the results due to heterogeneity in comparisons made, outcomes, and study designs. We describe the results narratively and present them in 'Summary of findings' tables. We judged the quality of the evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) methodology. MAIN RESULTS Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including three RCTs, two cluster-RCTs and one ITS. All were conducted in the USA and comprised targeted mass media interventions for people of African descent (four studies), Spanish-language dominant Latino immigrants (one study), and Chinese immigrants (one study). The two latter studies offered the intervention in the participants' first language (Spanish, Cantonese, or Mandarin). Three interventions targeted towards women only, one pregnant women specifically. We judged all studies as being at unclear risk of bias in at least one domain and three studies as being at high risk of bias in at least one domain.We categorised the findings into three comparisons. The first comparison examined mass media interventions targeted at ethnic minorities versus an equivalent mass media intervention intended for the general population. The one study in this category (255 participants of African decent) found little or no difference in effect on self-reported behavioural change for smoking and only small differences in attitudes to change between participants who were given a culturally specific smoking cessation booklet versus a booklet intended for the general population. We are uncertain about the effect estimates, as assessed by the GRADE methodology (very low quality evidence of effect). No study provided data for indicators of behavioural change or adverse effects.The second comparison assessed targeted mass media interventions versus no intervention. One study (154 participants of African decent) reported effects for our primary outcomes. Participants in the intervention group had access to 12 one-hour live programmes on cable TV and received print material over three months regarding nutrition and physical activity to improve health and weight control. Change in body mass index (BMI) was comparable between groups 12 months after the baseline (low quality evidence). Scores on a food habits (fat behaviours) and total leisure activity scores changed favourably for the intervention group (very low quality evidence). Two other studies exposed entire populations in geographical areas to radio advertisements targeted towards African American communities. Authors presented effects on two of our secondary outcomes, use of health promotion services and project costs. The campaign message was to call smoking quit lines. The outcome was the number of calls received. After one year, one study reported 18 calls per estimated 10,000 targeted smokers from the intervention communities (estimated target population 310,500 persons), compared to 0.2 calls per estimated 10,000 targeted smokers from the control communities (estimated target population 331,400 persons) (moderate quality evidence). The ITS study also reported an increase in the number of calls from the target population during campaigns (low quality evidence). The proportion of African American callers increased in both studies (low to very low quality evidence). No study provided data on knowledge and attitudes for change and adverse effects. Information on costs were sparse.The third comparison assessed targeted mass media interventions versus a mass media intervention plus personalised content. Findings are based on three studies (1361 participants). Participants in these comparison groups received personal feedback. Two of the studies recorded weight changes over time. Neither found significant differences between the groups (low quality evidence). Evidence on behavioural changes, and knowledge and attitudes typically found some effects in favour of receiving personalised content or no significant differences between groups (very low quality evidence). No study provided data on adverse effects. Information on costs were sparse. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available evidence is inadequate for understanding whether mass media interventions targeted toward ethnic minority populations are more effective in changing health behaviours than mass media interventions intended for the population at large. When compared to no intervention, a targeted mass media intervention may increase the number of calls to smoking quit line, but the effect on health behaviours is unclear. These studies could not distinguish the impact of different components, for instance the effect of hearing a message regarding behavioural change, the cultural adaptation to the ethnic minority group, or increase reach to the target group through more appropriate mass media channels. New studies should explore targeted interventions for ethnic minorities with a first language other than the dominant language in their resident country, as well as directly compare targeted versus general population mass media interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annhild Mosdøl
- Norwegian Institute of Public HealthKnowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPO BOX 4404 NydalenOsloNorway
| | - Ingeborg B Lidal
- Norwegian Institute of Public HealthKnowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPO BOX 4404 NydalenOsloNorway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation HospitalTRS National Resource Centre for Rare DisordersNesoddtangenNorway1450
| | - Gyri H Straumann
- Norwegian Institute of Public HealthKnowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPO BOX 4404 NydalenOsloNorway
| | - Gunn E Vist
- Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health ServicesPrevention, Health Promotion and Organisation UnitPO Box 7004St Olavs PlassOsloNorway0130
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