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Nogué-Guzmán VC, Burgos-Suazo A, Rivera-Reyes JO, Montes Quiñones VP, Ramis-Aybar PC, Burgos-Jiménez AC, González-Nieves K, Piñero-Cruz DM. New copper carboxyl-ate pyrene dimers: synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and electrochemical characterization. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:1-9. [PMID: 38312155 PMCID: PMC10833376 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Two new copper dimers, namely, bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide)-tetra-kis-(μ-pyrene-1-carboxyl-ato)dicopper(Cu-Cu), [Cu2(C17H9O2)4(C2H6OS)2] or [Cu2(pyr-COO-)4(DMSO)2] (1), and bis-(di-methyl-formamide)-tetra-kis-(μ-pyrene-1-carboxyl-ato)dicopper(Cu-Cu), [Cu2(C17H9O2)4(C3H7NO)2] or [Cu2(pyr-COO-)4(DMF)2] (2) (pyr = pyrene), were synthesized from the reaction of pyrene-1-carb-oxy-lic acid, copper(II) nitrate and tri-ethyl-amine from solvents DMSO and DMF, respectively. While 1 crystallized in the space group P , the crystal structure of 2 is in space group P21/n. The Cu atoms have octa-hedral geometries, with four oxygen atoms from carboxyl-ate pyrene ligands occupying the equatorial positions, a solvent mol-ecule coordinating at one of the axial positions, and a Cu⋯Cu contact in the opposite position. The packing in the crystal structures exhibits π-π stacking inter-actions and short contacts through the solvent mol-ecules. The Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were generated for both compounds to better understand the inter-molecular inter-actions and the contribution of heteroatoms from the solvent ligands to the crystal packing. In addition, a Cu2+/Cu1+ quasi-reversible redox process was identified for compound 2 using cyclic voltammetry that accounts for a diffusion-controlled electron-donation process to the Cu dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianca C. Nogué-Guzmán
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Alejandro Burgos-Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00927, Puerto Rico
| | - Javier O. Rivera-Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00927, Puerto Rico
| | - Vasti P. Montes Quiñones
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Paola C. Ramis-Aybar
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Adriana C. Burgos-Jiménez
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Karilys González-Nieves
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Dalice M. Piñero-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00927, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico’s Molecular Sciences Research Center, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
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2
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The Role of Side Chains in the Fine-Tuning of the Metal-Binding Ability of Multihistidine Peptides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113435. [PMID: 35684373 PMCID: PMC9182408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The systematic studies of copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) ion complexes of protected multihistidine peptides containing amino acids with different side chains (Ac-SarHAH-NH2, Ac-HADH-NH2, Ac-HDAH-NH2, Ac-HXHYH-NH2 X, Y = A, F, D or K, Ac-HXHAHXH-NH2, X = F or D) have provided information about the metal ion and protein interaction and have made it possible to draw conclusions regarding general trends in the coordination of metal complexes of multihistidine peptides. The stability of the metal complexes significantly depends on the position of the histidines and amino acids, which are present in the neighbourhood of the histidine amino acids as well. The most significant effect was observed on peptides containing aspartic acid or phenylalanine. The redox parameters of complexes, however, depend on the number and position of histidines, and the other side chain donor atoms have practically no effect on the electrochemical properties of imidazole-coordinated species. However, the presence of aspartic acid side chains results in a more distorted geometry of amide-coordinated species and increases the reducibility of these complexes.
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3
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Ufnalska I, Drew SC, Zhukov I, Szutkowski K, Wawrzyniak UE, Wróblewski W, Frączyk T, Bal W. Intermediate Cu(II)-Thiolate Species in the Reduction of Cu(II)GHK by Glutathione: A Handy Chelate for Biological Cu(II) Reduction. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18048-18057. [PMID: 34781677 PMCID: PMC8653159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gly-His-Lys (GHK)
is a tripeptide present in the human bloodstream
that exhibits a number of biological functions. Its activity is attributed
to the copper-complexed form, Cu(II)GHK. Little is known, however,
about the molecular aspects of the mechanism of its action. Here,
we examined the reaction of Cu(II)GHK with reduced glutathione (GSH),
which is the strongest reductant naturally occurring in human plasma.
Spectroscopic techniques (UV–vis, CD, EPR, and NMR) and cyclic
voltammetry helped unravel the reaction mechanism. The impact of temperature,
GSH concentration, oxygen access, and the presence of ternary ligands
on the reaction were explored. The transient GSH-Cu(II)GHK complex
was found to be an important reaction intermediate. The kinetic and
redox properties of this complex, including tuning of the reduction
rate by ternary ligands, suggest that it may provide a missing link
in copper trafficking as a precursor of Cu(I) ions, for example, for
their acquisition by the CTR1 cellular copper transporter. Gly-His-Lys (GHK) is a human bioactive
tripeptide thought
to be activated by Cu(II) binding, but little is known about the molecular
aspects of its action. UV−vis, circular dichroism (CD), EPR,
and NMR spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry were used to examine
the reduction of Cu(II)GHK with glutathione (GSH), the most abundant
biological thiol. A semistable GSH-Cu(II)GHK reaction intermediate
was discovered, with properties suitable for delivering Cu(I) to biological
transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Ufnalska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Simon C Drew
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Igor Zhukov
- Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Kosma Szutkowski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Urszula E Wawrzyniak
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wróblewski
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Tomasz Frączyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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4
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Li B, Tian L, He X, Ji X, Khalid H, Yue C, Liu Q, Yu X, Lei S, Hu W. Tunable oligo-histidine self-assembled monolayer junction and charge transport by a pH modulated assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26058-26065. [PMID: 31746863 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Histidine works as an important mediator in the charge transport process through proteins via its conjugate side group. It can also stabilize a peptide's secondary structure through hydrogen bonding of the imidazole group. In this study, the conformation of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and the charge transport of the tailor-made oligopeptide hepta-histidine derivative (7-His) were modulated through the pH control of the assembly environment. Histidine is found to be an efficient tunneling mediator in monolayer junctions with an attenuation factor of β = ∼0.5 Å-1. Successful theoretical model fitting indicates a linear increase in the number of tunneling sites as the 7-His SAM thickness increases, following the deprotonation of histidine. Combined with the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements, a modulable charge transport pathway through 7-His with imidazole groups of histidine as tunneling foot stones is revealed. Histidine therefore possesses a large potential for modulable functional (bio)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baili Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China.
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5
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Magrì A, Di Natale G, Rizzarelli E. Copper-assisted interaction between amyloid-β and prion: Ternary metal complexes with Aβ N-terminus and octarepeat. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Electrochemical and optical study of metallothionein interactions with prion proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:355-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Synthesis, characterization and activity of imidazolate-bridged and Schiff-base dinuclear complexes as models of Cu,Zn-SOD. A comparative study. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:162-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Magrì A, Tabbì G, Giuffrida A, Pappalardo G, Satriano C, Naletova I, Nicoletti VG, Attanasio F. Influence of the N-terminus acetylation of Semax, a synthetic analog of ACTH(4-10), on copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination and biological properties. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 164:59-69. [PMID: 27586814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Semax is a heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) that encompasses the sequence 4-7 of N-terminal domain of the adrenocorticotropic hormone and a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide. N-terminal amino group acetylation (Ac-Semax) modulates the chemical and biological properties of parental peptide, modifying the ability of Semax to form complex species with Cu(II) ion. At physiological pH, the main complex species formed by Ac-Semax, [CuLH-2]2-, consists in a distorted CuN3O chromophore with a weak apical interaction of the methionine sulphur. Such a complex differs from the Cu(II)-Semax complex system, which exhibits a CuN4 chromophore. The reduced ligand field affects the [CuLH-2]2- formal redox potential, which is more positive than that of Cu(II)-Semax corresponding species. In the amino-free form, the resulting complex species is redox-stable and unreactive against ascorbic acid, unlike the acetylated form. Semax acetylation did not protect from Cu(II) induced toxicity on a SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, thus demonstrating the crucial role played by the free NH2 terminus in the cell protection. Since several brain diseases are associated either to Cu(II) or Zn(II) dyshomeostasis, here we characterized also the complex species formed by Zn(II) with Semax and Ac-Semax. Both peptides were able to form Zn(II) complex species with comparable strength. Confocal microscopy imaging confirmed that peptide group acetylation does not affect the Zn(II) influx in neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, a punctuate distribution of Zn(II) within the cells suggests a preferred subcellular localization that might explain the zinc toxic effect. A future perspective can be the use of Ac-Semax as ionophore in antibody drug conjugates to produce a dysmetallostasis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Magrì
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tabbì
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Giuffrida
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pappalardo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Irina Naletova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.R.C.S.M.B., Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo G Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Attanasio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
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9
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Kawano T, Kagenishi T, Kadono T, Bouteau F, Hiramatsu T, Lin C, Tanaka K, Tanaka L, Mancuso S, Uezu K, Okobira T, Furukawa H, Iwase J, Inokuchi R, Baluška F, Yokawa K. Production and removal of superoxide anion radical by artificial metalloenzymes and redox-active metals. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 8:e1000710. [PMID: 27066179 PMCID: PMC4802810 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2014.1000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species is useful for various medical, engineering and agricultural purposes. These include clinical modulation of immunological mechanism, enhanced degradation of organic compounds released to the environments, removal of microorganisms for the hygienic purpose, and agricultural pest control; both directly acting against pathogenic microorganisms and indirectly via stimulation of plant defense mechanism represented by systemic acquired resistance and hypersensitive response. By aiming to develop a novel classes of artificial redox-active biocatalysts involved in production and/or removal of superoxide anion radicals, recent attempts for understanding and modification of natural catalytic proteins and functional DNA sequences of mammalian and plant origins are covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu); Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Univ Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI); Paris, France
| | - Tomoko Kagenishi
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; IZMB; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany
| | - Takashi Kadono
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; Present address: Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Kochi University; Kochi, Japan
| | - François Bouteau
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu); Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut des Energies de Demain (FRE 3597), Paris, France
| | - Takuya Hiramatsu
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu ; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Cun Lin
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; K2R Inc.; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | - Stefano Mancuso
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu); Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Univ Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI); Paris, France
| | - Kazuya Uezu
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okobira
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; Present address: Ariake National College of Technology; Omuta Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroka Furukawa
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu ; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Junichiro Iwase
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Present address: Collaboration center; Kyushu Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reina Inokuchi
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu ; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Frantisek Baluška
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; IZMB; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; IZMB; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany
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10
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Di Natale G, Turi I, Pappalardo G, Sóvágó I, Rizzarelli E. Cross-Talk Between the Octarepeat Domain and the Fifth Binding Site of Prion Protein Driven by the Interaction of Copper(II) with the N-terminus. Chemistry 2015; 21:4071-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Trujano-Ortiz LG, González FJ, Quintanar L. Redox Cycling of Copper–Amyloid β 1–16 Peptide Complexes Is Highly Dependent on the Coordination Mode. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:4-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia G. Trujano-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional
2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Felipe J. González
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional
2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional
2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
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12
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Kojima A, Konishi M, Akizawa T. Prion fragment peptides are digested with membrane type matrix metalloproteinases and acquire enzyme resistance through Cu²⁺-binding. Biomolecules 2014; 4:510-26. [PMID: 24970228 PMCID: PMC4101495 DOI: 10.3390/biom4020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are the cause of neurodegenerative disease in humans and other mammals. The structural conversion of the prion protein (PrP) from a normal cellular protein (PrPC) to a protease-resistant isoform (PrPSc) is thought to relate to Cu2+ binding to histidine residues. In this study, we focused on the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) such as MT1-MMP and MT3-MMP, which are expressed in the brain as PrPC-degrading proteases. We synthesized 21 prion fragment peptides. Each purified peptide was individually incubated with recombinant MT1-MMP or MT3-MMP in the presence or absence of Cu2+ and the cleavage sites determined by LC-ESI-MS analysis. Recombinant MMP-7 and human serum (HS) were also tested as control. hPrP61-90, from the octapeptide-repeat region, was cleaved by HS but not by the MMPs tested here. On the other hand, hPrP92-168 from the central region was cleaved by MT1-MMP and MT3-MMP at various sites. These cleavages were inhibited by treatment with Cu2+. The C-terminal peptides had higher resistance than the central region. The data obtained from this study suggest that MT-MMPs expressed in the brain might possess PrPC-degrading activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kojima
- Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Motomi Konishi
- Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Akizawa
- Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
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13
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Determination of formal redox potentials in aqueous solution of copper(II) complexes with ligands having nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms and comparison with their EPR and UV–Vis spectral features. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Iqbal M, Ahmad I, Ali S, Muhammad N, Ahmed S, Sohail M. Dimeric “paddle-wheel” carboxylates of copper(II): Synthesis, crystal structure and electrochemical studies. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Di Natale G, Ősz K, Kállay C, Pappalardo G, Sanna D, Impellizzeri G, Sóvágó I, Rizzarelli E. Affinity, speciation, and molecular features of copper(II) complexes with a prion tetraoctarepeat domain in aqueous solution: insights into old and new results. Chemistry 2013; 19:3751-61. [PMID: 23355367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the copper(II) complexes formed with the tetraoctarepeat peptide at low and high metal-to-ligand ratios and in a large pH range, would provide a breakthrough in the interpretation of biological relevance of the different metal complexes of copper(II)-tetraoctarepeat system. In the present work, the potentiometric, UV/Vis, circular dichroism (CD), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were carried out on copper(II) complexes with a PEG-ylated derivative of the tetraoctarepeats peptide sequence (Ac-PEG27 -(PHGGGWGQ)4 -NH2 ) and the peptide Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)2 -NH2 . Conjugation of tetraoctarepeat peptide sequence with polyethyleneglycol improved the solubility of the copper(II) complexes. The results enable a straightforward explanation of the conflicting results originated from the underestimation of all metal-ligand equilibria and the ensuing speciation. A complete and reliable speciation is therefore obtained with the released affinity and binding details of the main complexes species formed in aqueous solution. The results contribute to clarify the discrepancies of several studies in which the authors ascribe the redox activity of copper(II)-tetraoctarepeat system considering only the average effects of several coexisting species with very different stoichiometries and binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Natale
- CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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16
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Faller P, Hureau C, Dorlet P, Hellwig P, Coppel Y, Collin F, Alies B. Methods and techniques to study the bioinorganic chemistry of metal–peptide complexes linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Zhou F, Millhauser GL. The Rich Electrochemistry and Redox Reactions of the Copper Sites in the Cellular Prion Protein. Coord Chem Rev 2012; 256:2285-2296. [PMID: 23144499 PMCID: PMC3491995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent electrochemical studies of the copper complexes of prion protein (PrP) and its related peptides, and correlates their redox behavior to chemical and biologically relevant reactions. Particular emphasis is placed on the difference in redox properties between copper in the octarepeat (OR) and the non-OR domains of PrP, as well as differences between the high and low copper occupancy states in the OR domain. Several discrepancies in literature concerning these differences are discussed and reconciled. The PrP copper complexes, in comparison to copper complexes of other amyloidogenic proteins/peptides, display a more diverse and richer redox chemistry. The specific protocols and caveats that need to be considered in studying the electrochemistry and redox reactions of copper complexes of PrP, PrP-derived peptides, and other related amyloidogenic proteins are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Glenn L. Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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18
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Arena G, La Mendola D, Pappalardo G, Sóvágó I, Rizzarelli E. Interactions of Cu2+ with prion family peptide fragments: Considerations on affinity, speciation and coordination. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Jószai V, Turi I, Kállay C, Pappalardo G, Di Natale G, Rizzarelli E, Sóvágó I. Mixed metal copper(II)-nickel(II) and copper(II)-zinc(II) complexes of multihistidine peptide fragments of human prion protein. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 112:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Copper(II) complexation to 1-octarepeat peptide from a prion protein: insights from theoretical and experimental UV-visible studies. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 114:1-7. [PMID: 22687559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The octarepeat domain in cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) has attracted much attention over the last 10 years because of its importance in the complexation of copper with PrP(C). The aim of this research was to study the UV-vis spectra of a peptide similar to the 1-repeat of the octarepeat region in PrP(C) using experimental and theoretical approaches and to gain insight into the complexation of the PrP(C) octarepeat domain with copper(II) ions in solution. We found that the copper atom was responsible for the peptide conformation, which allows for charge transfers between its two terminal residues.
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21
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Bruschi M, Bertini L, Bonačić-Koutecký V, De Gioia L, Mitrić R, Zampella G, Fantucci P. Speciation of Copper–Peptide Complexes in Water Solution Using DFTB and DFT Approaches: Case of the [Cu(HGGG)(Py)] Complex. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:6250-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza
1, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Bertini
- Department of Biotechnologies
and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse
2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnologies
and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität zu Berlin, Arnimallee 14,
D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zampella
- Department of Biotechnologies
and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Fantucci
- Department of Biotechnologies
and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126 Milano, Italy
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22
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Structural characterization of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ binding sites of model peptides associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Kojima A, Mabuchi Y, Konishi M, Okihara R, Nagano M, Akizawa T. Metal-binding ability of human prion protein fragment peptides analyzed by column switch HPLC. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:965-71. [PMID: 21804240 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structural conversion of the prion protein (PrP) from the normal cellular isoform (PrP(C)) to the posttranslationally modified form (PrP(Sc)) is thought to relate to Cu²⁺ binding to histidine (H) residues. Traditionally, the binding of metals to PrP has been investigated by monitoring the conformational conversion using circular dichroism (CD). In this study, the metal-binding ability of 21 synthetic peptides representing regions of human PrP(C) was investigated by column switch high-performance liquid chromatography (CS-HPLC). The CS-HPLC system is composed of a metal chelate affinity column and an octadecylsilica (ODS) reversed-phase column that together enable the identification of metal-binding regardless of conformational conversion. Synthetic peptides were designed with respect to the position of H residues as well as the secondary structure of human PrP (hPrP). The ability of the octapeptide (PHGGGWGQ)-repeating region (OP-repeat) to bind metals was analyzed by CS-HPLC and supported by CD analysis, and indicated that CS-HPLC is a reliable and useful method for measuring peptide metal-binding. Peptides from the middle region of hPrP showed a high affinity for Cu²⁺, but binding to Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺ was dependent on peptide length. C-Terminal peptides had a lower affinity for Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺ than OP-repeat region peptides. Interestingly, hPrP193-230, which contained no H residues, also bound to Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺, indicating that this region is a novel metal-binding site in the C-terminal region of PrP(C). The CS-HPLC method described in this study is useful and convenient for assessing metal-binding affinity and characterizing metal-binding peptides or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kojima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Japan
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24
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Liu L, Jiang D, McDonald A, Hao Y, Millhauser GL, Zhou F. Copper redox cycling in the prion protein depends critically on binding mode. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12229-37. [PMID: 21707094 PMCID: PMC3166251 DOI: 10.1021/ja2045259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) takes up 4-6 equiv of copper in its extended N-terminal domain, composed of the octarepeat (OR) segment (human sequence residues 60-91) and two mononuclear binding sites (at His96 and His111; also referred to as the non-OR region). The OR segment responds to specific copper concentrations by transitioning from a multi-His mode at low copper levels to a single-His, amide nitrogen mode at high levels (Chattopadhyay et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12647-12656). The specific function of PrP in healthy tissue is unclear, but numerous reports link copper uptake to a neuroprotective role that regulates cellular stress (Stevens, et al. PLoS Pathog.2009, 5 (4), e1000390). A current working hypothesis is that the high occupancy binding mode quenches copper's inherent redox cycling, thus, protecting against the production of reactive oxygen species from unregulated Fenton type reactions. Here, we directly test this hypothesis by performing detailed pH-dependent electrochemical measurements on both low and high occupancy copper binding modes. In contrast to the current belief, we find that the low occupancy mode completely quenches redox cycling, but high occupancy leads to the gentle production of hydrogen peroxide through a catalytic reduction of oxygen facilitated by the complex. These electrochemical findings are supported by independent kinetic measurements that probe for ascorbate usage and also peroxide production. Hydrogen peroxide production is also observed from a segment corresponding to the non-OR region. Collectively, these results overturn the current working hypothesis and suggest, instead, that the redox cycling of copper bound to PrP in the high occupancy mode is not quenched, but is regulated. The observed production of hydrogen peroxide suggests a mechanism that could explain PrP's putative role in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Dianlu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Alex McDonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Glenn L. Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
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25
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Timári S, Cerea R, Várnagy K. Characterization of CuZnSOD model complexes from a redox point of view: Redox properties of copper(II) complexes of imidazole containing ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1009-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Vagliasindi LI, Arena G, Bonomo RP, Pappalardo G, Tabbì G. Copper complex species within a fragment of the N-terminal repeat region in opossum PrP protein. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2441-50. [PMID: 21283898 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Vagliasindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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27
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Yamamoto N, Kuwata K. Redox behaviors of the neurotoxic portion in human prion protein, HuPrP(106–126). Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Kozlowski H, Luczkowski M, Remelli M. Prion proteins and copper ions. Biological and chemical controversies. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6371-85. [PMID: 20422067 DOI: 10.1039/c001267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Prion protein (PrP(c)) involvement in some neurodegenerative diseases is well assessed although its "normal" biological role is not completely understood. It is known that PrP(C) can bind Cu(II) ions with high specificity but the order of magnitude of the corresponding affinity constant(s) is still highly debated. This perspective is an attempt to collect the current knowledge on these topics and to build up a bridge between the biological and the chemical points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Kozlowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
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29
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30
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Hodak M, Bernholc J. Insights into prion protein function from atomistic simulations. Prion 2010; 4:13-9. [PMID: 20118658 PMCID: PMC2850415 DOI: 10.4161/pri.4.1.10969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer simulations are a powerful tool for studies of biological systems. They have often been used to study prion protein (PrP), a protein responsible for neurodegenerative diseases, which include "mad cow disease" in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans. An important aspect of the prion protein is its interaction with copper ion, which is thought to be relevant for PrP's yet undetermined function and also potentially play a role in prion diseases. for studies of copper attachment to the prion protein, computer simulations have often been used to complement experimental data and to obtain binding structures of Cu-PrP complexes. This paper summarizes the results of recent ab initio calculations of copper-prion protein interactions focusing on the recently discovered concentration-dependent binding modes in the octarepeat region of this protein. In addition to determining the binding structures, computer simulations were also used to make predictions about PrP's function and the role of copper in prion diseases. The results demonstrate the predictive power and applicability of ab initio simulations for studies of metal-biomolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Hodak
- Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Physics; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jerzy Bernholc
- Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Physics; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge, TN USA
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31
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Zoroddu MA, Medici S, Peana M, Anedda R. NMR studies of zinc binding in a multi-histidinic peptide fragment. Dalton Trans 2009; 39:1282-94. [PMID: 20104355 DOI: 10.1039/b914296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multi-histidinic peptide and its minimal models have been investigated for Zn(ii) binding. We have used NMR spectroscopy to probe the binding of zinc to the three repeats (T(1)R(2)S(3)R(4)S(5)H(6)T(7)S(8)E(9)G(10))(3) and to its mono-histidinic minimal models, the 9- and 10-aminoacid fragment. (1)H-(1)H TOCSY, (1)H-(13)C HSQC, (1)H-(1)H NOESY and (1)H-(1)H ROESY multidimensional NMR techniques were performed to understand the details of metal binding sites and the conformational behaviour of the peptides at different pH values and at different ligand to metal molar ratios. Zinc coordination involves imidazole N(delta) of His6 and carboxyl gamma-O of Glu9 residues; interaction with peptide oxygens of the His6-Thr7 or Thr7-Ser8 bonds in a tetrahedral arrangement with the minimal model peptides, cannot be excluded. Zinc coordination involves, at physiologic pH, all the three imidazole N(delta) donors of His6, His16 and His26 as well as carboxyl gamma-O of Glu residues in a tetra, penta or octahedral arrangement with the three repeats, the 30-aminoacid fragment. Zinc complexation induces important structural changes with the C-terminal portion of the ligand, constraining it to leave its disordered conformation. Our results give rise to a model of the induced structure of the peptides when bound to zinc. At high pH, amide deprotonation does not take place and hydroxo or high molecular weight polymeric species may be formed.
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32
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Zoroddu MA, Medici S, Peana M. Copper and nickel binding in multi-histidinic peptide fragments. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:1214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Pietropaolo A, Muccioli L, Zannoni C, Rizzarelli E. Conformational Preferences of the Full Chicken Prion Protein in Solution and Its Differences with Respect to Mammals. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1500-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Yamamoto N, Kuwata K. Difference in redox behaviors between copper-binding octarepeat and nonoctarepeat sites in prion protein. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:1209-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Functional implications of multistage copper binding to the prion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:11576-81. [PMID: 19561303 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903807106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is responsible for a group of neurodegenerative diseases called the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The normal function of PrP has not yet been discovered, but indirect evidence suggests a linkage to its ability to bind copper. In this article, low-copper-concentration bindings of Cu(2+) to PrP are investigated by using a recently developed hybrid density functional theory (DFT)/DFT method. It is found that at the lowest copper concentrations, the binding site consists of 4 histidine residues coordinating the copper through epsilon imidazole nitrogens. At higher concentrations, 2 histidines are involved in the binding, one of them in the axial position. These results are in good agreement with existing experimental data. Comparison of free energies for all modes of coordination shows that when enough copper is available, the binding sites will spontaneously rearrange to accommodate more copper ions, despite the fact that binding energy per copper ion decreases with concentration. These findings support the hypothesis that PrP acts as a copper buffer in vivo, protecting other proteins from the attachment of copper ions. Using large-scale classical molecular dynamics, we also probe the structure of full-length copper-bound PrP, including its unfolded N-terminal domain. The results show that copper attachment leads to rearrangement of the structure of the Cu-bonded octarepeat region and to development of turns in areas separating copper-bound residues. These turns make the flexible N-terminal domain more rigid and thus more resistant to misfolding. The last result suggests that copper binding plays a beneficial role in the initial stages of prion diseases.
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36
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Hatcher K, Zheng J, Chen SG. Cryptic peptides of the kringle domains preferentially bind to disease-associated prion protein. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:421-31. [PMID: 19221431 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of a misfolded form (PrP(Sc)) of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) in the brains of affected individuals. The conversion of PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) is thought to involve a change in protein conformation from a normal, primarily alpha-helical structure into a beta-sheet conformer. Few proteins have been identified that differentially interact with the two forms of PrP. It has been reported that plasminogen binds to PrP(Sc) from a variety of prion phenotypes. We have examined potential motifs within the kringle region that may be responsible for binding to PrP. We synthesized 12-15-mer peptides that contain small, repetitive stretches of amino acid residues found within the kringle domains of plasminogen. These synthetic peptides were found to capture PrP(Sc) from the brain homogenates of bovine spongiform encephalopathy affected cattle, chronic wasting disease affected elk, experimental scrapie of hamsters and that of subjects affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, without binding to PrP(C) in unaffected controls. Therefore, we have identified critical peptide motifs that may be important for protein-protein interactions in prion disease pathogenesis. The ability of these synthetic peptides to bind preferentially to PrP(Sc) suggests a potential application in the diagnosis of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Hatcher
- Department of Pathology and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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37
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Hewitt N, Rauk A. Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide production by copper-bound amyloid beta peptide: a theoretical study. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:1202-9. [PMID: 19123835 DOI: 10.1021/jp807327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) of Alzheimer's disease evolves hydrogen peroxide in vitro in the presence of Cu(II), external reducing agents, and molecular oxygen, without producing detectable amounts of the one-electron reduced intermediate, superoxide, O(2)(-*). The mechanism of this process was examined by ab initio computational chemistry techniques in systems that model the binding of Cu(II) to the His13His14 fragment of Abeta. The catalytic cycle begins with the reduction of the most stable Cu(II) complex to the most stable Cu(I) complex. This Cu(I) complex forms a Cu(II)-like adduct with (3)O(2) that cannot dissociate in water to yield O(2)(-*). However, it can be reduced by proton-coupled electron transfer to an adduct between HOO(-) and the Cu(II)-like complex, which in turn can be protonated. The protonated complex decomposes to yield H(2)O(2) by an associative-dissociative mechanism, thus completing the cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X7
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38
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Insight into the copper coordination environment in the prion protein through density functional theory calculations of EPR parameters. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:547-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Copper(II) complexes with peptide fragments encompassing the sequence 122-130 of human doppel protein. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:758-65. [PMID: 19237200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes of the peptide fragment (Dpl122-130) encompassing the sequence 122-130 of human doppel protein were characterized by potentiometric, UV-Visible, CD and EPR spectroscopic methods. An analogous peptide, in which the aspartate residue was substituted by an asparagine amino acid, was synthesized in order to provide evidence on the possible role of carboxylate group in copper(II) coordination. It was found that the carboxylic group is directly involved in copper(II) coordination at acidic pH, forming the CuLH(2) species with Dpl122-130. This copper(II) complex displayed EPR parameters very similar to those of the analogous complex with the whole doppel protein. At pH higher than 7, the complexes showed magnetic parameters similar to those of the major species of protein formed in the pH range 7-8, with the metal coordination environment consisting of one imidazole and three amide nitrogen atoms. The comparison of Cu-Dpl122-130 binding constant values with those of the prion peptide fragments (PrP106-114), showed that doppel peptide had a higher metal binding affinity at acidic pH whereas the prion peptide fragment binds the metal tightly at physiological pH.
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40
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Pushie MJ, Vogel HJ. A potential mechanism for Cu2+ reduction, beta-cleavage, and beta-sheet initiation within the N-terminal domain of the prion protein: insights from density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:1040-1059. [PMID: 19697239 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903084389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminal region of the native human prion protein encompasses four highly conserved octarepeats that each contain a single His, Pro, Gln, and Trp residue as well as several Gly residues. At neutral pH these repeats are capable of individually binding copper (Cu(2+)) ions, involving the His side chain and the backbone amide of the Gly residues. In addition, the two His residues at positions 96 and 111 are also capable of binding Cu(2+). At low concentrations of the metal ion or at low pH, one Cu(2+) may be bound by multiple His residues of the four octarepeats. This complex is known to be redox active, while none of the other Cu(2+)-bound complexes are. Using density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations data demonstrated how this form of the protein could reduce Cu(2+), through a process involving electron transfer from the Trp side chain. The reduced Cu gives rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to beta-cleavage of the prion protein chain at any of the Gly residues around position 90. Protein fragments of lengths similar to those arising from beta-cleavage are predominantly found in both healthy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)-affected brains. Models of Cu binding to the His96 and His111 residues also indicate that different modes of Cu(2+) binding result in formation of stable beta-hairpin structures in this region of the protein. It is postulated that through interactions with the C-terminal part of the protein these hairpins may initiate misfolding and yield more stable beta-sheet structures that might associate in the same fashion with additional prion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jake Pushie
- Structural Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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41
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Bonomo RP, Di Natale G, Rizzarelli E, Tabbì G, Vagliasindi LI. Copper(ii) complexes of prion protein PEG11-tetraoctarepeat fragment: spectroscopic and voltammetric studies. Dalton Trans 2009:2637-46. [DOI: 10.1039/b821727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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A new, model-free calculation method to determine the coordination modes and distribution of copper(II) among the metal binding sites of multihistidine peptides using circular dichroism spectroscopy. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:2184-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Natale GD, Damante CA, Nagy Z, Ősz K, Pappalardo G, Rizzarelli E, Sóvágó I. Copper(II) binding to two novel histidine-containing model hexapeptides: Evidence for a metal ion driven turn conformation. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:2012-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Both Met(109) and Met(112) are utilized for Cu(II) coordination by the amyloidogenic fragment of the human prion protein at physiological pH. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:2103-13. [PMID: 18778855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein is a ubiquitous neuronal membrane protein. Misfolding of the prion protein has been implicated in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases). It has been demonstrated that the human prion protein (PrP) is capable of coordinating at least five Cu(II) ions under physiological conditions; four copper binding sites can be found in the octarepeat domain between residues 61 and 91, while another copper binding site can be found in the unstructured "amyloidogenic" domain between residues 91 and 126 PrP(91-126). Herein we expand upon a previous study [J. Shearer, P. Soh, Inorg. Chem. 46 (2007) 710-719] where we demonstrated that the physiologically relevant high affinity Cu(II) coordination site within PrP(91-126) is found between residues 106 and 114. It was shown that Cu(II) is contained within a square planar (N/O)3S coordination environment with one His imidazole ligand (H(111)) and one Met thioether ligand (either M(109) or M(112)). The identity of the Met thioether ligand was not identified in that study. In this study we perform a detailed investigation of the Cu(II) coordination environment within the PrP fragment containing residues 106-114 (PrP(106-114)) involving optical, X-ray absorption, EPR, and fluorescence spectroscopies in conjunction with electronic structure calculations. By using derivatives of PrP(106-114) with systematic Met-->Ile "mutations" we show that the CuII coordination environment within PrP(106-114) is actually comprised of a mixture of two major species; one Cu(II)(N/O)3S center with the M(109) thioether coordinated to CuII and another CuII(N/O)3S center with the M(112) thioether coordinated to CuII. Furthermore, deletion of one or more Met residues from the primary sequence of PrP(106-114) both reduces the CuII affinity of the peptide by two to seven fold, and renders the resulting CuII metallopeptides redox inactive. The biological implications of these findings are discussed.
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Bonomo RP, Pappalardo G, Rizzarelli E, Tabbì G, Vagliasindi LI. Studies of nitric oxide interaction with mono- and dinuclear copper(II) complexes of prion protein bis-octarepeat fragments. Dalton Trans 2008:3805-16. [PMID: 18629402 DOI: 10.1039/b719930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nitric oxide with copper(ii) complexes of two octarepeat sequences belonging to the prion protein was studied, considering both mononuclear and dinuclear systems, i.e. Cu-Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2) and Cu(2)-Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2), respectively. The NO interaction with both systems was followed in aqueous solutions at physiological pH value, by using UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopic techniques as well as cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism of NO interaction with the mononuclear copper complex can be considered similar to that previously observed for the analogous copper systems with Ac-HGGG-NH(2) and Ac-PHGGGWGQ-NH(2). A more complicated behaviour was found with the copper dinuclear system, in which the involvement of two different intermediate complex species was evidenced. A positive cooperativity between the two copper ions, in the reduction process was inferred. When working with a large excess of the Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2) ligand, the frozen-solution EPR parameters pertain to the well characterized [Cu(N(im))(4)](2+) unit, which did not exhibit any interaction with NO. The presence of a free coordination site is the necessary requirement for the NO interaction to occur, as found only in the square-pyramidal geometry of [Cu(L)H(-2)] or [Cu(2)(L)H(-4)] complex species, which form when copper and ligand concentrations are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele P Bonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Riihimäki ES, Martínez JM, Kloo L. Structural effects of Cu(ii)-coordination in the octapeptide region of the human prion protein. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:2488-95. [DOI: 10.1039/b717988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bruschi M, De Gioia L, Mitrić R, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Fantucci P. A DFT study of EPR parameters in Cu(ii) complexes of the octarepeat region of the prion protein. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:4573-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b718603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Osz K, Nagy Z, Pappalardo G, Di Natale G, Sanna D, Micera G, Rizzarelli E, Sóvágó I. Copper(II) Interaction with Prion Peptide Fragments Encompassing Histidine Residues Within and Outside the Octarepeat Domain: Speciation, Stability Constants and Binding Details. Chemistry 2007; 13:7129-43. [PMID: 17566127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 31-mer polypeptide, which encompasses residues 84-114 of human prion protein HuPrP(84-114) and contains three histidyl residues, namely one from the octarepeat (His85) and two histidyl residues from outside the octarepeat region (His96 and His111), and its mutants with two histidyl residues HuPrP(84-114)His85Ala, HuPrP(84-114) His96Ala, HuPrP(84-114)His111Ala and HuPrP(91-115) have been synthesised and their Cu2+ complexes studied by potentiometric and spectroscopic (UV/Vis, CD, EPR, ESI-MS) techniques. The results revealed a high Cu2+-binding affinity of all peptides, and the spectroscopic studies made it possible to clarify the coordination mode of the peptides in the different complex species. The imidazole nitrogen donor atoms of histidyl residues are the exclusive metal-binding sites below pH 5.5, and they have a preference for macrochelate structure formation. The deprotonation and metal-ion coordination of amide functions take place by increasing the pH; all of the histidines can be considered to be independent metal-binding sites in these species. As a consequence, di- and trinuclear complexes can be present even in equimolar samples of the metal ion and peptides, but the ratios of polynuclear species do not exceed the statistically expected ones; this excludes the possibility of cooperative Cu2+ binding. The species with a (N(im),N,N)-binding mode are favoured around pH 7, and their stability is enhanced by the macrochelation from another histidyl residue in the mononuclear complexes. The independence of the histidyl sites results in the existence of coordination isomers and the preference for metal binding follows the order of: His111>His96>His85. Deprotonation and metal-ion coordination of the third amide functions were detected in slightly alkaline solutions at each of the metal-binding sites; all had a (N(im),N,N,N)-coordination mode. Spectroscopic measurements also made it clear that the four lysyl amino groups of the peptides are not metal-binding sites in any cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Osz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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Riihimäki ES, Martínez JM, Kloo L. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Cu(II) and the PHGGGWGQ Octapeptide. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10529-37. [PMID: 17696524 DOI: 10.1021/jp072672i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between Cu2+ and the copper-binding octapeptide region in the human prion protein has been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. In total four different nonbonded and bonded models were used in the study. Charge sets containing atomic partial charges were developed for these models. Out of the considered models, the bonded model performed physically in the most correct way. The simulations with the bonded model showed that the water molecules in the axial position are very labile. The tryptophan indole ring can remain in a stable position on top of the equatorial coordination plane of copper without water mediation. Strong aromatic interaction was observed between the imidazole and indole rings. The nonbonded models showed a tendency for water-mediated interaction between the copper ion and different carbonyl oxygen atoms. In the case of the bonded model, a carbonyl group could also interact directly with the copper ion in one of the apical position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Stina Riihimäki
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) arise from conversion of the membrane-bound prion protein from PrP(C) to PrP(Sc). Examples of the TSEs include mad cow disease, chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, scrapie in goats and sheep, and kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. Although the precise function of PrP(C) in healthy tissues is not known, recent research demonstrates that it binds Cu(II) in an unusual and highly conserved region of the protein termed the octarepeat domain. This review describes recent connections between copper and PrP(C), with an emphasis on the electron paramagnetic resonance elucidation of the specific copper-binding sites, insights into PrP(C) function, and emerging connections between copper and prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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