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Melicherová N, Vaculovič T, Kočí R, Trtílek M, Lavická J, Foret F. Determination of nutrient concentration in liquid culture of cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. by capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2024; 694:115630. [PMID: 39059566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the use of capillary electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, as competitive methods primarily for ion chromatography, to determine changes in the concentration of small inorganic ions in the Nostoc sp. culture medium. Although macronutrients were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection, micronutrients were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The different light settings (light intensity and spectral composition) had a visible effect on the culture growth and depletion of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions, and iron and manganese elements when comparing the behavior under red or violet light with that under blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Melicherová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaculovič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Kočí
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o., Průmyslová 470, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trtílek
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o., Průmyslová 470, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Lavická
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - František Foret
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967/97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Li L, Ren DD, Zhang PY, Song YP, Li TX, Gao MH, Xu JN, Zhou L, Zeng ZC, Pu Q. Pushing the Limits of Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10356-10364. [PMID: 38863415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) has proven to be an efficient technique for the separation and detection of charged inorganic, organic, and biochemical analytes. It offers several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, nanoliter injection volume, short analysis time, good separation efficiency, suitability for miniaturization, and portability. However, the routine determination of common inorganic cations (NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Li+) and inorganic anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, and SO42-) in water quality monitoring typically exhibits limits of detection of about 0.3-1 μM without preconcentration. This sensitivity often proves insufficient for the applications of CE-C4D in trace analysis situations. Here, we explore methods to push the detection limits of CE-C4D through a comprehensive consideration of signal and noise sources. In particular, we (i) studied the model of C4D and its guiding roles in C4D and CE-C4D, (ii) optimized the bandwidth and noise performance of the current-to-voltage (I-V) converter, and (iii) reduced the noise level due to the strong background signal of the background electrolyte by adaptive differential detection. We characterized the system with Li+; the 3-fold signal-to-noise (S/N) detection limit for Li+ was determined at 20 nM, with a linear range spanning from 60 nM to 1.6 mM. Moreover, the optimized CE-C4D method was applied to the analysis of common mixed inorganic cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Li+), anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, and SO42-), toxic halides (BrO3-) and heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+) at trace concentrations of 200 nM. All electropherograms showed good S/N ratios, thus proving its applicability and accuracy. Our results have shown that the developed CE-C4D method is feasible for trace ion analysis in water quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dou-Dou Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tang-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming-Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia-Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Melicherová N, Gloser V, Skalák J, Trtílek M, Lavická J, Foret F. A new device for online nanoscale sampling and capillary electrophoresis analysis of plant sap composition. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:310-317. [PMID: 37880866 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an online sampling of plant xylem sap combined with an efficient (CE)-based method was developed and applied to study the kinetics of changes in the sap composition and to assess plant fitness under stress conditions comprehensively. A laboratory-built CE device was developed to provide online sampling and CE analysis of various ionogenic species in the sap during plant stress response. The rapid online sampling and short CE analysis time allow for real-time monitoring of changes in sap constituents in the living plant during the stress response. The developed device was successfully used to analyze chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions in the plant xylem during the salt stress or stress caused by nitrate deficiency within short time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Melicherová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Gloser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalák
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trtílek
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s.r.o., Průmyslová, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Lavická
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Foret
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Li J, Liu M, Li J, Liu X. A MOF-on-MOF composite encapsulating sensitized Tb(III) as a built-in self-calibrating fluorescent platform for selective sensing of F ions. Talanta 2023; 259:124521. [PMID: 37058939 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of simple and sensitive detection methods for fluoride ion (F-) is of great importance for its effective prevention and control, and metal-organic framework (MOF) has attracted much attention for sensing applications due to its high surface areas and tunable structures. Herein, we successfully synthesized a fluorescent probe for ratiometric sensing of F- by encapsulating sensitized Tb3+ in a MOF-on-MOF material (UIO66/MOF801, with the formula of C48H28O32Zr6 and C24H2O32Zr6, respectively). We found that Tb3+@UIO66/MOF801 can be used as a built-in fluorescent probe for fluorescence-enhanced sensing of F-. Interestingly, the two fluorescence emission peaks of Tb3+@UIO66/MOF801 at 375 nm and 544 nm exhibit different fluorescence responses to F- under excitation at 300 nm. The 544 nm peak is sensitive to F-, while the 375 nm peak is insensitive to it. Photophysical analysis indicated that the photosensitive substance was formed, which promotes the absorption of 300 nm excitation light by the system. Self-calibrating fluorescent detection of F- was achieved due to the unequal energy transfer toward the two different emission centers. The detection limit of Tb3+@UIO66/MOF801 for F- was 4.029 μM, which is far lower than the WHO guideline for drinking water. Moreover, the ratiometric fluorescence strategy showed a high concentration tolerance of interference, because of its inner-reference effect. This work highlights the high potential of lanthanide ion encapsulated MOF-on-MOF as environmental sensors, and offers a scalable way for construction of the ratiometric fluorescence sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, PR China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, PR China.
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Tembo ZN, Aygun SF. Capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of nitrate, nitrite and bromate ions in some selected plants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5391-5397. [PMID: 33644869 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teas and traditional herbs are taken as health remedies in most cultures worldwide. Plants often used in the manufacture of teas and herbal remedies can comprise carcinogenic contaminates, such as nitrates, nitrites and bromate ions. In the present study, a quick method was applied for the simultaneous determination of nitrate (NO3 - ), nitrite (NO2 - ) and bromate (BrO3 - ) ions in some selected plants and tea samples using capillary electrophoresis and a Box-Behnken response surface design for method optimization. RESULTS Optimal conditions of 60 mmol L-1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 3.5, a capillary temperature of 40 °C, applied voltage of -22.5 kV, total capillary length of 61.5 cm (effective length 53.5 cm) with capillary internal diameter of 50 μm, and an injection pressure of 50 mbar for 30 s were selected. The limits of detection for nitrate, bromate and nitrite were 0.49, 1.25 and 0.11 mg L-1 , whereas linearity values were determined as 0.998, 0.996 and 0.999, respectively. CONCLUSION A quick and easy applicable method was developed and the detection of the anions was achievable within 6 min of analysis. From the studied samples (cherry stalk, a dry mixed herbal tea; cherry stalk, dry sticks; dry pomegranate flower; dry olive leaves; and black tea), dry pomegranate flower (13.10 ± 0.62 mg L-1 ) and cherry stalk, dry mix herbal tea (13.10 ± 0.62 mg L-1 ) had the highest nitrate content. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Zhao J, Xu Z. Capillary electrophoresis with dual C 4D/UV detection for simultaneously determining major metal cations and whey proteins in milk. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:801-808. [PMID: 33496699 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and simple CE method with dual C4D and UV detection modes for simultaneous determination of major metal cations and whey proteins in milk samples was developed. Sample pretreatment comprised dilution, acidification to pH 4.55 with 10 mM AcOH and centrifugation. The complete separation of metal cations K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Mg2+ and whey proteins α-Lac, and β-Lg could be achieved respectively within 10 min and 20 min in a simple BGE composed of 1.0 M AcOH, 12 mM l-His and 2 mM 18-crown-6 with pH 2.74 at a voltage/current of +15 kV/12.5 μA. The samples were injected hydrodynamically by a pressure of 50 mbar for 5 s, the excitation voltage and excitation frequency of the C4D detector were 80 V and 1000 kHz, respectively and the detection wavelength of UV detection was set at 200 nm. In cation analysis, the range of the detection limit was 0.05-0.10 mg L-1 for C4D detection and 0.10-0.50 mg L-1 for UV detection, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSD%, n = 5) of intraday and interday analysis were 0.37-0.55% and 0.46-0.79% for the relative migration time, and 2.51-4.12% and 3.65-4.91% for the peak area, respectively. In whey protein analysis, the detection limits of β-Lg and α-Lac analysis were 5 mg L-1 and 3 mg L-1, respectively and the relative standard deviations (RSD%, n = 5) of intraday and interday analysis were 0.29-0.31% and 0.43-0.48% for the migration time and 2.89-3.25% and 3.29-4.18% for the peak area, respectively. The content of four major metal cations and two whey proteins in various types of milk samples was obtained. The results indicated that the content of metal cations varied little in milk samples of different brands and prices, while the content of whey proteins, as thermosensitive active proteins, varied greatly among different heat-treated milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Tang M, Xu J, Xu Z. Simultaneous determination of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and insights into the effects of BGE component. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Ribeiro MMAC, Prado AA, Domingues Batista A, Alejandro Abarza Munoz R, Mathias Richter E. Rapid method for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and zinc in effervescent tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:754-759. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aliceana A. Prado
- Institute of Chemistry; Federal University of Uberlandia; Uberlandia MG Brazil
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Gonçalves Silva G, Yamassaki de Almeida E, Seber P, Henrique Settanni P, Pereira de Oliveira A, Ferreira Santos MS, Lucio do Lago C, Cieslarova Z, Rodrigues F. Application of capillary electrophoresis combined with conductometric and UV detection to monitor meteorite simulant bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2898-2905. [PMID: 30229957 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of microorganisms and biotechnology in space exploration and future planets colonization has been discussed in the literature. Meteorites are interesting samples to study microbe-mineral interaction focused on space exploration. The chemolithotropic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has been used as model to understand the iron and sulfur oxidation. In this work, capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection and UV detection was used to monitor bacterial growth in a meteorite simulant by measuring the conversion of Fe2+ into Fe+3 . The effect of Co2+ and Ni2+ (metals also found in meteorites) on the bacterial growth was also evaluated. The presented method allowed the analyses of all metals in a single run (less than 8 min). The background electrolyte was composted of 10 mmol/L α-hydroxyisobutyric acid/Histidine. For comparison purpose, the samples were also analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The Fe2+ conversion into Fe3+ by A. ferrooxidans was observed up to 36 h with the growth rate constant of 0.19/h and 0.21/h in Tuovinen and Kelly (T&K) and in meteorite simulant media, respectively. The developed method presents favorable prospect to monitor the growth of other chemolithotropic microorganisms for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eiji Yamassaki de Almeida
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Seber
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Settanni
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira de Oliveira
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudimir Lucio do Lago
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zuzana Cieslarova
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rodrigues
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ferreira Santos MS, Cordeiro TG, Noell AC, Garcia CD, Mora MF. Analysis of inorganic cations and amino acids in high salinity samples by capillary electrophoresis and conductivity detection: Implications for in‐situ exploration of ocean worlds. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2890-2897. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Gomes Cordeiro
- Department of ChemistryClemson University Clemson SC USA
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Aaron C. Noell
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
| | | | - Maria F. Mora
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
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Silva M, Mendiguchía C, Moreno C, Kubáň P. Electromembrane extraction and capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection: Multi-extraction capabilities to analyses trace metals from saline samples. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2152-2159. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Cádiz; Puerto Real Spain
| | - Carolina Mendiguchía
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Cádiz; Puerto Real Spain
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Cádiz; Puerto Real Spain
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; v. v. i.; Brno Czech Republic
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12
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Hauser FM, Hulshof JW, Rößler T, Zimmermann R, Pütz M. Characterisation of aqueous waste produced during the clandestine production of amphetamine following the Leuckart route utilising solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity dete. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:1368-1382. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Hauser
- Federal Criminal Police Office; Wiesbaden Germany
- Rostock, Germany; University of Rostock
| | | | | | | | - Michael Pütz
- Federal Criminal Police Office; Wiesbaden Germany
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13
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Zhang J, Wei X, Wang Y, Ren B, Zhao L, Wang Z, Pu Q. Rapid quantitation of multiple ions released from HeLa cells during emodin induced apoptosis by low-cost capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18266-18271. [PMID: 35541120 PMCID: PMC9080565 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Change in cation concentration, including that of potassium and sodium, is characteristic of apoptosis, therefore it is significant to detect cation concentration changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Tonghua Normal University
- Tonghua
- China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Litao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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14
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Marra MC, Cunha RR, Muñoz RAA, Batista AD, Richter EM. Single-run capillary electrophoresis method for the fast simultaneous determination of amoxicillin, clavulanate, and potassium. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3557-3562. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. Marra
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Rafael R. Cunha
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Uberlândia Brazil
| | | | - Alex D. Batista
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Richter
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Uberlândia Brazil
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15
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Blackney DM, Foley JP. Dual-opposite injection capillary electrophoresis: Principles and misconceptions. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:607-616. [PMID: 27859385 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dual-opposite injection capillary electrophoresis (DOI-CE) is a separation technique that utilizes both ends of the capillary for sample introduction. The electroosmotic flow (EOF) is suppressed to allow all ions to reach the detector quickly. Depending on the individual electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes of interest and the effective length that each analyte travels to the detection window, the elution order of analytes in a DOI-CE separation can vary widely. This review discusses the principles, applications, and limitations of dual-opposite injection capillary electrophoresis. Common misconceptions regarding DOI-CE are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Blackney
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joe P Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Vortmann-Westhoven B, Lürenbaum C, Winter M, Nowak S. Determination of lithium and transition metals in Li 1 Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:540-546. [PMID: 27868209 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel electrophoretic method that was developed for the determination of lithium and transition metals in LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 cathode material after microwave digestion. The cations in the digested LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 material were separated by CE and the element content was determined by UV/Vis detection. To characterize the precision of the measurements, the RSDs and concentrations were calculated and compared to those obtained with ICP-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Furthermore, a certified reference material (BCR 176R-fly ash) was investigated for all techniques. For active material components, the LOD and LOQ were determined. The LODs and LOQs for the metals determined by CE were as follows: lithium (LOD/LOQ): 17.41/62.70 μg/L, cobalt (LOD/LOQ): 348.4/1283 μg/L, manganese (LOD/LOQ): 540.2/2095 μg/L, and nickel (LOD/LOQ): 838.0/2982 μg/L. Recovery rates for lithium were in the range of 95-103%. It could be proven that with the new technique, the results for the determination of the lithium content of active material were comparable with those obtained by ICP-OES and ion chromatography. Furthermore, the recovery rates of the transition metals were determined to be between 96 and 110% by CE and ICP-OES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Vortmann-Westhoven
- MEET - Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Lürenbaum
- MEET - Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Helmholtz Institute Münster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstraße 46, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- MEET - Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Pyschik M, Klein-Hitpaß M, Girod S, Winter M, Nowak S. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for the quantification of fluoride in lithium ion battery electrolytes and in ionic liquids-A comparison to the results gained with a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:533-539. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Pyschik
- University of Muenster, MEET Battery Research Center; Institute of Physical Chemistry; Münster Germany
| | - Marcel Klein-Hitpaß
- University of Muenster, MEET Battery Research Center; Institute of Physical Chemistry; Münster Germany
| | - Sabrina Girod
- University of Muenster, MEET Battery Research Center; Institute of Physical Chemistry; Münster Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- University of Muenster, MEET Battery Research Center; Institute of Physical Chemistry; Münster Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Münster Germany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- University of Muenster, MEET Battery Research Center; Institute of Physical Chemistry; Münster Germany
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18
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Ribeiro MM, Oliveira TC, Batista AD, Muñoz RA, Richter EM. A sub-minute electrophoretic method for simultaneous determination of naphazoline and zinc. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1472:134-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Sáiz J, Martín-Alberca C, Mai TD, García-Ruiz C. A new CE with contactless conductivity detection method for the determination of complex cationic compositions: Application to the analysis of pen inks. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2896-2902. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP)-University of Alcalá, Ctra; Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6. Alcalá de Henares 28871 Spain
| | - Carlos Martín-Alberca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP)-University of Alcalá, Ctra; Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6. Alcalá de Henares 28871 Spain
| | - Thanh Duc Mai
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD); Hanoi University of Science; Hanoi Viet Nam
- 3SAnalysis JSC; Thanh Xuan Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP)-University of Alcalá, Ctra; Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6. Alcalá de Henares 28871 Spain
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20
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Koenka IJ, Küng N, Kubáň P, Chwalek T, Furrer G, Wehrli B, Müller B, Hauser PC. Thermostatted dual-channel portable capillary electrophoresis instrument. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2368-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Küng
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Chwalek
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Furrer
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrli
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Beat Müller
- Eawag; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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21
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Mori M, Ishikawara F, Tomoda T, Yamada S, Okamoto M, Itabashi H, Seki Y, Matsumoto R, Shoho Y, Martha L, Sumino H, Murakami M. Use of capillary electrophoresis with dual-opposite end injection for simultaneous analysis of small ions in saliva samples from wrestlers undergoing a weight training program. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Mai TD, Le MD, Sáiz J, Duong HA, Koenka IJ, Pham HV, Hauser PC. Triple-channel portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with individual background electrolytes for the concurrent separations of anionic and cationic species. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 911:121-128. [PMID: 26893094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The portable capillary electrophoresis instrument is automated and features three independent channels with different background electrolytes to allow the concurrent optimized determination of three different categories of charged analytes. The fluidic system is based on a miniature manifold which is based on mechanically milled channels for injection of samples and buffers. The planar manifold pattern was designed to minimize the number of electronic valves required for each channel. The system utilizes pneumatic pressurization to transport solutions at the grounded as well as the high voltage side of the separation capillaries. The instrument has a compact design, with all components arranged in a briefcase with dimensions of 45 (w) × 35 (d) × 15 cm (h) and a weight of about 15 kg. It can operate continuously for 8 h in the battery-powered mode if only one electrophoresis channel is in use, or for about 2.5 h in the case of simultaneous employment of all three channels. The different operations, i.e. capillary flushing, rinsing of the interfaces at both capillary ends, sample injection and electrophoretic separation, are activated automatically with a control program featuring a graphical user interface. For demonstration, the system was employed successfully for the concurrent separation of different inorganic cations and anions, organic preservatives, additives and artificial sweeteners in various beverage and food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Duc Mai
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Duc Le
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hong Anh Duong
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Israel Joel Koenka
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hung Viet Pham
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Peter C Hauser
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Varga E, Sohajda T, Juvancz Z, Bodane Kendrovics R, Szekely E, Bansaghi G. Development of Electrophoretic Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Enantiomeric Ratio and Composition of Diastereomeric Salt Mixtures. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Sáiz J, Koenka IJ, Mai TD, Hauser PC, García-Ruiz C. Simultaneous separation of cations and anions in capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Pham TTT, Mai TD, Nguyen TD, Sáiz J, Pham HV, Hauser PC. Automated dual capillary electrophoresis system with hydrodynamic injection for the concurrent determination of cations and anions. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 841:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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26
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Separation and direct UV detection of complexed lanthanides, thorium and uranyl ions with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone by using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Chmiel T, Abogado D, Wardencki W. Optimization of capillary isotachophoretic method for determination of major macroelements in blue honeysuckle berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) and related products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4965-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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28
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Neaga IO, Iacob BC, Bodoki E. THE ANALYSIS OF SMALL IONS WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS WITH CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan-Ovidiu Neaga
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department , “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Bogdan Cezar Iacob
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department , “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ede Bodoki
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department , “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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29
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Pereira PF, Marra MC, Cunha RR, da Silva WP, Munoz RAA, Richter EM. Two simple and fast electrochemical methods for simultaneous determination of promethazine and codeine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Santos MSF, Lopes FS, Gutz IGR. Electrochemical derivatization-capillary electrophoresis-contactless conductivity detection: A versatile strategy for simultaneous determination of cationic, anionic, and neutral analytes. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:864-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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On-line simultaneous and rapid separation of anions and cations from a single sample using dual-capillary sequential injection-capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 781:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Segato TP, Bhakta SA, Gordon M, Carrilho E, Willis PA, Jiao H, Garcia CD. Microfab-less Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis Devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2013; 5:1652-1657. [PMID: 23585815 PMCID: PMC3622270 DOI: 10.1039/c3ay26392d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Compared to conventional bench-top instruments, microfluidic devices possess advantageous characteristics including great portability potential, reduced analysis time (minutes), and relatively inexpensive production, putting them on the forefront of modern analytical chemistry. Fabrication of these devices, however, often involves polymeric materials with less-than-ideal surface properties, specific instrumentation, and cumbersome fabrication procedures. In order to overcome such drawbacks, a new hybrid platform is proposed. The platform is centered on the use of 5 interconnecting microfluidic components that serve as the injector or reservoirs. These plastic units are interconnected using standard capillary tubing, enabling in-channel detection by a wide variety of standard techniques, including capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Due to the minimum impact on the separation efficiency, the plastic microfluidic components used for the experiments discussed herein were fabricated using an inexpensive engraving tool and standard Plexiglas. The presented approach (named 52-platform) offers a previously unseen versatility: enabling the assembly of the platform within minutes using capillary tubing that differs in length, diameter, or material. The advantages of the proposed design are demonstrated by performing the analysis of inorganic cations by capillary electrophoresis on soil samples from the Atacama Desert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P. Segato
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Samir A. Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hong Jiao
- HJ Science & Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA
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33
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Simultaneous separations of cations and anions by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection employing a sequential injection analysis manifold for flexible manipulation of sample plugs. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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A Convenient Approach to Simultaneous Analysis of a Pharmaceutical Drug and Its Counter-Ion by CE Using Dual-Opposite End Injection and Contactless Conductivity Detection. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Noblitt SD, Speights RM, Henry CS. Protonated diamines as anion-binding agents and their utility in capillary electrophoresis separations. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2986-93. [PMID: 22002837 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis is a proven method for separating small ions because of the inherent charge and differences in mobility of these analytes. Despite its resolving power, CZE can be insufficient for separating ions with similar mobilities. One remedy is to modify mobilities via the addition of background electrolyte complexation agents. However, this approach is not straightforward for inorganic anions, which lack complexation options. To address this shortfall, the diprotonated diamine moiety was investigated for complexation of dianions. Dicationic diamines significantly complexed dianions, and this interaction was not purely electrostatic in nature because affinities varied with dianion identity. Aqueous association constants were measured with affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) and found to be similar in magnitude but different in selectivity to those of dianions with magnesium ion. Binding was also investigated for zwitterionic buffers containing the protonated diamine moiety. Zwitterions exhibited binding constants as high as 18 M(-1) (30-mM ionic strength). This work discusses the observed binding constants and their potential usefulness in CZE separations of inorganic anions. Also covered are improvements to ACE methodology and an evaluation of some of the assumptions employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Noblitt
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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36
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de Carvalho LM, Raabe A, Martini M, Sant'anna CS, da Silveira GD, do Nascimento PC, Bohrer D. Contactless Conductivity Detection of 14 Inorganic Cations in Mineral and Phytotherapeutic Formulations after Capillary Electrophoretic Separation. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Kubáň P, Strieglerová L, Gebauer P, Boček P. Electromembrane extraction of heavy metal cations followed by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1025-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Mai TD, Schmid S, Müller B, Hauser PC. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection coupled to a sequential injection analysis manifold for extended automated monitoring applications. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Chang Guo C, Lei Guang L, Yu Jun S, Yu Ping L. AC impedance characteristics of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector cell in capillary electrophoresis. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Valls J, Millán S, Martí MP, Borràs E, Arola L. Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins, isoflavones and flavanols. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7143-72. [PMID: 19691963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing knowledge of the positive health effects of food polyphenols has prompted the need to develop new separation techniques for their extraction, fractionation and analysis. This article provides an updated and exhaustive review of the application of counter-current chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and their hyphenation with mass spectrometry to the study of food polyphenols. Flavonoids constitute the largest class of polyphenols, widely spread in the plant kingdom and common in human diet which has been the most widely studied with respect to their antioxidant and biological activities. The main subgroups are anthocyanins, catechins, isoflavones, flavonols and flavones. They are reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and immune modulating functions, among others. Since red fruit anthocyanins, soy isoflavones and flavanols from grapes and teas are currently the most used phenolic compounds for producing new nutraceuticals and functional foods, this review is focused on these three flavonoid groups.
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41
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Separation of fluoroquinolones in acidic buffer by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5327-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Johns C, Breadmore MC, Macka M, Ryvolová M, Haddad PR. Recent significant developments in detection and method development for the determination of inorganic ions by CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S53-67. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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High-sensitivity microchip electrophoresis determination of inorganic anions and oxalate in atmospheric aerosols with adjustable selectivity and conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1503-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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44
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Hutchinson JP, Johns C, Breadmore MC, Hilder EF, Guijt RM, Lennard C, Dicinoski G, Haddad PR. Identification of inorganic ions in post-blast explosive residues using portable CE instrumentation and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4593-602. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Kubáň P, Kubáň P, Kubáň V, Hauser PC, Boček P. Capillary electrochromatography of inorganic cations in open tubular columns with a controllable capacity multilayered stationary phase architecture. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:377-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Zemann A, Rohregger I, Zitturi R. Determination of small ions with capillary electrophoresis and contactless conductivity detection. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 384:3-19. [PMID: 18392563 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) has become an accepted method for the separation of inorganic and organic ions. Usually, direct and indirect optical detection methods are used in conventional CE. However, with contactless conductivity detection, much better detection limits in the low ppb range are obtained compared to optical detection modes. Besides offering great flexibility in capillary handling, this detection technique can be performed on-capillary also with capillaries made of other materials than fused silica (PEEK, Teflon) and with capillaries having very small inner diameters.
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47
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Kubáň P, Nguyen H, Macka M, Haddad P, Hauser P. New Fully Portable Instrument for the Versatile Determination of Cations and Anions by Capillary Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detection. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Xu Y, Wang W, Li SFY. Simultaneous determination of low-molecular-weight organic acids and chlorinated acid herbicides in environmental water by a portable CE system with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1530-9. [PMID: 17427260 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a method to simultaneously determine 11 low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids and 16 chlorinated acid herbicides within a single run by a portable CE system with contactless conductivity detection (CCD) in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-coated capillary. Under the optimized condition, the LODs of CE-CCD ranged from 0.056 to 0.270 ppm, which were better than for indirect UV (IUV) detection of the 11 LMW organic acids or UV detection of the 16 chlorinated acid herbicides. Combined with an on-line field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) procedure, sensitivity enhancement of 632- to 1078-fold was achieved, with satisfactory reproducibility (RSDs of migration times less than 2.2%, and RSDs of peak areas less than 5.1%). The FASS-CE-CCD method was successfully applied to determine the two groups of acidic pollutants in two kinds of environmental water samples. The portable CE-CCD system shows advantages such as simplicity, cost effectiveness, and miniaturization. Therefore, the method presented in this report has great potential for onsite analysis of various pollutants at the trace level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Cruces-Blanco C, Gámiz–Gracia L, García-Campaña A. Applications of capillary electrophoresis in forensic analytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Weekley BS, Foley JP. Dual-opposite-injection CZE: Theoretical aspects and application to organic and pharmaceutical compounds. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:697-711. [PMID: 17253631 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several important figures of merit (migration time, efficiency, resolution, resolution per unit time, and electrophoretic selectivity) are quantitatively compared for the first time for conventional CZE and dual-opposite-injection CZE (DOI-CZE). Aspects of DOI-CZE relevant to the separation of organic and pharmaceutical ions (MW>120 Da) are also discussed. Two new approaches to resolve the codetection of anions and cations, hydrodynamic flow-modified DOI-CZE and polarity reversal in combination with asymmetric detector window positioning, are compared with the method of preliminary transport, a variable procedure within sequential sample introduction, using a six-component sample of organic and pharmaceutical compounds. The advantages of DOI-CZE for the simultaneous analysis of organic/pharmaceutical anions and cations are illustrated in a direct comparison of conventional CZE and DOI-CZE for the separation of a ten-component mixture of pharmaceutical ions (five ionized acids and five ionized bases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Weekley
- Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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