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Kalairaj MS, Pradhan R, Saleem W, Smith MM, Gaharwar AK. Intra-Articular Injectable Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303794. [PMID: 38324655 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage deterioration and subsequent inflammatory changes in the underlying bone. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising approach for controlled drug delivery in cartilage therapies. This review focuses on the latest developments in utilizing injectable hydrogels as vehicles for targeted drug delivery to promote cartilage repair and regeneration. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease progression. Subsequently, the various types of injectable hydrogels used for intra-articular delivery are discussed. Specifically, physically and chemically crosslinked injectable hydrogels are critically analyzed, with an emphasis on their fabrication strategies and their capacity to encapsulate and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. Furthermore, the potential of incorporating growth factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and cells within these injectable hydrogels are discussed. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive guide to navigating the landscape of hydrogel-based therapeutics in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ridhi Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Waqas Saleem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Morgan M Smith
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Interdisciplinary Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Vithran DTA, Kwabena BR, Xiao W, Li Y. CC chemokines and receptors in osteoarthritis: new insights and potential targets. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:113. [PMID: 37400871 PMCID: PMC10316577 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease accompanied by the activation of innate and adaptive immune systems-associated inflammatory responses. Due to the local inflammation, the expression of various cytokines was altered in affected joints, including CC motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) and their receptors (CCRs). As essential members of chemokines, CCLs and CCRs played an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA. The bindings between CCLs and CCRs on the chondrocyte membrane promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and the release of multiple matrix-degrading enzymes, which resulted in cartilage degradation. In addition, CCLs and CCRs had chemoattractant functions to attract various immune cells to osteoarthritic joints, further leading to the aggravation of local inflammation. Furthermore, in the nerve endings of joints, CCLs and CCRs, along with several cellular factors, contributed to pain hypersensitivity by releasing neurotransmitters in the spinal cord. Given this family's diverse and complex functions, targeting the functional network of CCLs and CCRs is a promising strategy for the prognosis and treatment of OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Bosomtwe Richmond Kwabena
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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3
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Liu S, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Duan X, Liu Y, Zhao X, Liu J, Shuai X, Wang J, Cao Z. MRI-visible mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant capacity for osteoarthritis therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122030. [PMID: 36758340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) is closely associated with synovitis and cartilage destruction, the inhibition of inflammatory responses in synovial macrophages and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced apoptosis in chondrocytes is crucial for OA amelioration. However, most of the current anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs are small molecules apt to be eliminated in vivo. Herein, mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (DAMM NPs) doped with arginine and manganese (Mn) ions were prepared to load dexamethasone (DEX) for OA intervention. A series of in vitro studies showed that the sustained release of DEX from DAMM NPs suppressed synovial inflammation and simultaneously inhibited toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) production in chondrocytes, contributing to prevention of chondrocyte apoptosis through the inflammatory factor-dependent TLR-3/NF-κB signaling pathway via modulation of macrophage-chondrocyte crosstalk. In addition, DAMM NPs exerted a predominant role in removal of ROS generated in chondrocytes. Therefore, the DEX-loaded DAMM NPs significantly attenuated OA development in mice model. Importantly, the T1-T2 magnetic contrast capabilities of DAMM NPs allowed an MRI-trackable delivery, manifesting a distinct feature widely regarded to boost the potential of nanomedicines for clinical applications. Together, our developed antioxidant-enhanced DAMM NPs with MRI-visible signals may serve as a novel multifunctional nanocarriers for prevention of OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xibang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
| | - Zhong Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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Association between an Increased Serum CCL5 Level and Pathophysiology of Degenerative Joint Disease in the Temporomandibular Joint in Females. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032775. [PMID: 36769097 PMCID: PMC9917489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative joint disease of the temporomandibular joints (DJD-TMJ) clinically manifests with symptoms such as orofacial pain, joint sounds and limited jaw movements. Our research group previously reported the functional necessity of a chemokine-chemokine receptor axis of CCL5-CCR5 in osteoclasts. Accumulated studies reported that this axis was involved in the pathogenesis of bone and joint destructive diseases, suggesting CCL5 as a potent biomarker. This study investigated whether or not the serum level of CCL5 can be a biomarker of DJD-TMJ and concomitantly analyzed changes in the serum and urine levels of bone markers to see whether or not changes in the rate of bone metabolism were predisposing. We enrolled 17 female subjects with diagnosed DJD-TMJ and sexually and age-matched 17 controls. The serum CCL5 level in DJD-TMJ subjects was significantly higher than that in the control subjects. Multivariate analyses indicated an association between an augmented CCL5 level and the rate of bone metabolism, especially in relatively young DJD-TMJ subjects without other systemic symptoms. A principal component analysis of serum markers and our pharmacological experiment using a postmenopausal model of ovariectomized rats suggested that an augmented serum CCL5 level specifically reflected DJD-TMJ and that covert changes in the rate of bone metabolism predisposed individuals to DJD-TMJ.
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Gabrili JJM, Villas-Boas IM, Pidde G, Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Woodruff TM, Tambourgi DV. Complement System Inhibition Modulates the Inflammation Induced by the Venom of Premolis semirufa, an Amazon Rainforest Moth Caterpillar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13333. [PMID: 36362117 PMCID: PMC9658021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The caterpillar of the Premolis semirufa moth, commonly called Pararama, is found in the Brazilian Amazon region. Contact with the hairs can cause a chronic inflammatory reaction, termed "pararamosis". To date, there is still no specific treatment for pararamosis. In this study, we used a whole human blood model to evaluate the involvement of the complement in the proinflammatory effects of P. semirufa hair extract, as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of complement inhibitors in this process. After treatment of blood samples with the P. semirufa hair extract, there was a significant increase in the generation of soluble terminal complement complex (sTCC) and anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, and C5a), as well as the production of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-17 and the chemokines IL-8, RANTES, MIG, MCP-1, and IP-10. The inhibition of C3 with compstatin significantly decreased IL-17, IL-8, RANTES, and MCP-1 production. However, the use of the C5aR1 antagonist PMX205 promoted a reduction in the production of IL-8 and RANTES. Moreover, compstatin decreased CD11b, C5aR1, and TLR2 expression induced by P. semirufa hair extract in granulocytes and CD11b, TLR4, and TLR2 in monocytes. When we incubated vascular endothelial cells with extract-treated human plasma, there was an increase in IL-8 and MCP-1 production, and compstatin was able to decrease the production of these chemokines. C5aR1 antagonism also decreased the production of MCP-1 in endothelial cells. Thus, these results indicate that the extract of the Pararama bristles activates the complement system and that this action contributes to the production of cytokines and chemokines, modulation of the expression of surface markers in leukocytes, and activation of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J. M. Gabrili
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Wawrose RA, Couch BK, Dombrowski M, Chen SR, Oyekan A, Dong Q, Wang D, Zhou C, Chen J, Modali K, Johnson M, Sedor‐Schiffhauer Z, Hitchens TK, Jin T, Bell KM, Lee JY, Sowa GA, Vo NV. Percutaneous lumbar annular puncture: A rat model to study intervertebral disc degeneration and pain-related behavior. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1202. [PMID: 35783914 PMCID: PMC9238283 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) rely on open surgical approaches, which confound the degenerative response and pain behaviors due to injury to surrounding tissues during the surgical approach. To overcome these challenges, we developed a minimally invasive percutaneous puncture procedure to induce IDD in a rat model. Methods Ten Fischer 344 male rats underwent percutaneous annular puncture of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) at L2-3, L3-4, and L4-5. Ten unpunctured rats were used as controls. Magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs), serum biomarkers, and behavioral tests were performed at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 weeks post puncture. Rats were sacrificed at 18 weeks and disc histology, immunohistochemistry, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) assays were performed. Results Punctured IVDs exhibited significant reductions in MRI signal intensity and disc volume. Disc histology, immunohistochemistry, and GAG assay results were consistent with features of IDD. IVD-punctured rats demonstrated significant changes in pain-related behaviors, including total distance moved, twitching frequency, and rearing duration. Conclusions This is the first reported study of the successful establishment of a reproducible rodent model of a percutaneous lumbar annular puncture resulting in discogenic pain. This model will be useful to test therapeutics and elucidate the basic mechanisms of IDD and discogenic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Wawrose
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brandon K. Couch
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Malcom Dombrowski
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stephen R. Chen
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Anthony Oyekan
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Qing Dong
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Chaoming Zhou
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Karthik Modali
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Marit Johnson
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zachary Sedor‐Schiffhauer
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - T. Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tao Jin
- Animal Imaging CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kevin M. Bell
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joon Y. Lee
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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7
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Shukla RV, Mody H, Gupte SC, Ghosh K. Regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (CCL5) in platelet concentrate: Role of mode of preparation and duration of storage. Asian J Transfus Sci 2021; 15:189-194. [PMID: 34908753 PMCID: PMC8628231 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_107_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Platelet concentrates (PCs) can be prepared in several different ways, and they can be stored over few days before the use. Regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels in these concentrates may vary depending on the type of preparation and duration of storage of this component. We measured RANTES levels in platelet supernatants in different preparations and with different storage duration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen PCs were prepared by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and buffy coat (BC) method each. Forty-two single donor platelets (SDPs) were prepared using cell separators Cobe Spectra, Trima Accel, and Amicus. Filtered PCs were prepared using labside and bedside filters. The supernatants were collected after 1, 18, 65, and 112 h of preparation. SDP samples were taken on the 0 day, 3rd day, and 5th day. In filtered PC, pre- and post-filtration samples were taken, and aliquots were frozen at − 56°C for the measurement of RANTES. RESULTS: RANTES at 1 h was 1210 ± 560 pg/ml in PRP-PC, 1384 ± 463 pg/ml in BC-PC. At 112 h, 1617 ± 451 pg/ml and 1949 ± 134 pg/ml, respectively. In SDP, 0-day level was 1850 ± 278 pg/ml and >2000 pg/ml on 5th day. In prestorage, filtered PC RANTES was 1035 ± 496 pg/ml, and in the poststorage sample, it was 310 ± 508 pg/ml. With bedside filters, presample showed 1243 ± 832 pg/ml and postsample showed 556 ± 748 pg/ml. CONCLUSION: The concentration of RANTES increased continuously from 1 h to 5 days of storage in all PCs. After 65 h, BC-PC showed higher levels of RANTES compared to PRP-PC. Filtered PRP-PCs appear to be the best in terms of low RANTES to prevent allergic reactions and cultures negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku V Shukla
- Surat Raktadan Kendra and Research Centre, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - H Mody
- Surat Raktadan Kendra and Research Centre, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Kanjaksha Ghosh
- Surat Raktadan Kendra and Research Centre, Surat, Gujarat, India
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Concepts in the Management of Inflammation in Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070785. [PMID: 34356849 PMCID: PMC8301311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been known as a “wear and tear” disease, which is mainly characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage and changes in the subchondral bone. Despite the fact that OA is often thought of as a degenerative disease, the catabolic products of the cartilage matrix often promote inflammation by activating immune cells. Current OA treatment focuses on symptomatic treatment, with a primary focus on pain management, which does not promote cartilage regeneration or attenuate joint inflammation. Since articular cartilage have no ability to regenerate, thus regeneration of the tissue is one of the key targets of modern treatments for OA. Cell-based therapies are among the new therapeutic strategies for OA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively researched as potential therapeutic agents in cell-based therapy of OA due to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes and their immunomodulatory properties that can facilitate cartilage repair and regeneration. In this review, we emphasized current knowledge and future perspectives on the use of MSCs by targeting their regeneration potential and immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of OA.
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Kim MH, Choi LY, Ahn KS, Um JY, Lee SG, Hahm DH, Yang WM. Gumiganghwal-tang ameliorates cartilage destruction via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113074. [PMID: 32534115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kyung-Bang Gumiganghwal-tang tablet (GMGHT) is a standardized Korean Medicine that could treat a cold, headache, arthralgia and fever. Although GMGHT has been used for arthritis-related diseases including a sprain, arthralgia, unspecified arthritis and knee arthritis, there is no pre-clinical evidence to treat osteoarthritis (OA). This study determined the drug dosage and the mechanisms of GMGHT for OA. METHODS OA was induced by intra-articular monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. As calculated from the human equivalent dose formula, GMGHT was orally administered at the doses of 9.86, 98.6 and 986 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The arthritis score was performed by a blind test, and histological changes in articular cartilage were indicated by hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O and toluidine blue staining. SW1353 chondrocytes were stimulated by interleukin (IL)-1β recombinant to analyze the expressions of Type II collagen, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. RESULTS Rough and punctate surfaces of the femoral condyle induced by MIA, were recovered by the GMGHT treatment. The arthritis score was significantly improved in the 968 mg/kg of GMGHT-treated cartilage. Loss of chondrocytes and proteoglycan were ameliorated at the deep zone of the subchondral bone plate by the GMGHT administration in OA rats. The expression of Type II collagen was increased, while MMP-1, -3 and -13 levels were decreased in the GMGHT-treated SW1353 chondrocytes. In addition, the GMGHT treatment regulated NF-κB activation along with IL-6, transforming growth factor-β and IL-12 production. CONCLUSIONS GMGHT promoted the recovery of articular cartilage damage by inhibiting MMPs, accompanied with its anti-inflammatory effects in OA. GMGHT might be an alternative therapeutic treatment for OA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/enzymology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/enzymology
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Collagen Type II/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Iodoacetic Acid
- Joints/drug effects
- Joints/enzymology
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/antagonists & inhibitors
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/chemically induced
- Osteoarthritis/enzymology
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Osteoarthritis/prevention & control
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - La Yoon Choi
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Comorbidity Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Villas-Boas IM, Pidde G, Lichtenstein F, Ching ATC, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IDLM, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Madureira Trufen CE, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Morais KLP, Tambourgi DV. Human Chondrocyte Activation by Toxins From Premolis semirufa, an Amazon Rainforest Moth Caterpillar: Identifying an Osteoarthritis Signature. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2191. [PMID: 33072083 PMCID: PMC7531038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pararamosis is a disease that occurs due to contact with the hairs of the larval stage of the Brazilian moth Premolis semirufa. Envenomation induces osteoarticular alterations with cartilage impairment that resembles joint synovitis. Thus, the toxic venom present in the caterpillar hairs interferes with the phenotype of the cells present in the joints, resulting in inflammation and promoting tissue injury. Therefore, to address the inflammatory mechanisms triggered by envenomation, we studied the effects of P. semirufa hair extract on human chondrocytes. We have selected for the investigation, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), complement components, eicosanoids, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components related to OA and RA. In addition, for measuring protein-coding mRNAs of some molecules associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reverse transcription (RT) was performed followed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and we performed the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the chondrocytes transcriptome. In the supernatant of cell cultures treated with the extract, we observed increased IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, prostaglandin E2, metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13), and complement system components (C3, C4, and C5). We noticed a significant decrease in both aggrecan and type II collagen and an increase in HMGB1 protein in chondrocytes after extract treatment. RNA-seq analysis of the chondrocyte transcriptome allowed us to identify important pathways related to the inflammatory process of the disease, such as the inflammatory response, chemotaxis of immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Thus, these results suggest that components of Premolis semirufa hair have strong inflammatory potential and are able to induce cartilage degradation and ECM remodeling, promoting a disease with an osteoarthritis signature. Modulation of the signaling pathways that were identified as being involved in this pathology may be a promising approach to develop new therapeutic strategies for the control of pararamosis and other inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Lichtenstein
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yang D, Zhang Z. [The role of helper T cell in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:932-938. [PMID: 32666741 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201910063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review and summarize the role of helper T cell (Th) in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and research progress of Th cell-related treatment for OA. Methods The domestic and foreign literature in recent years was reviewed. The role of Th cells [Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and follicular helper T cell (Tfh)] and related cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA and the latest research progress of treatment were summarized. Results Th cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. Th1, Th9, and Th17 cells are more important than Th2, Th22, and Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of OA. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 17 can cause damage to articular cartilage significantly. Conclusion At present, the role of Th cells in the pathogenesis of OA has been played in the spotlight. The specific mechanism has not been clear. Regulating the Th cell-associated cytokines, intracellular and extracellular signals, and cellular metabolism is a potential method for prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglong Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030000, P.R.China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030000, P.R.China
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12
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Shi GX, Tu JF, Wang TQ, Yang JW, Wang LQ, Lin LL, Wang Y, Li YT, Liu CZ. Effect of Electro-Acupuncture (EA) and Manual Acupuncture (MA) on Markers of Inflammation in Knee Osteoarthritis. J Pain Res 2020; 13:2171-2179. [PMID: 32904642 PMCID: PMC7457556 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s256950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Although both electro-acupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture (MA) are known to influence systemic inflammation, little is known about the potential changes in inflammation as a working mechanism of EA and MA in KOA. Methods Data from the Acupuncture for Knee Osteoarthritis Trial (ATKOA) were used. Serum concentrations of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and cartilage degradation biomarkers (matrix metalloproteinase-1 MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein COMP)) were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. Clinical outcomes were valid and reliable self-reported pain and function measures for osteoarthritis using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and post-treatment. Results Both 8-weeks EA and MA significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β), and cartilage degradation biomarkers (MMP-3, MMP-13) significantly increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 compared with pre-treatment (p<0.05). Further, the reduction of TNF-α was more significant in EA when compared to MA (p=0.046). While there was no significant difference between groups in cytokines IL-1β (p=0.102), MMP-3 (p=0.113), MMP-13 (p=0.623) or IL-13 (p=0.935). Moreover, in both EA and MA, the effect of acupuncture on the VAS and WOMAC function scale after 8 weeks is clinically important, although no significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion Eight weeks of both EA and MA seem to provide improvement in pain relief and function among individuals with mild to moderate knee OA. This benefit is partly mediated by changes of major inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-13. Trial Registration Controlled-Trials.com Identifier: NCT03274713.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xia Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Feng Tu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qi Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ting Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Primorac D, Molnar V, Rod E, Jeleč Ž, Čukelj F, Matišić V, Vrdoljak T, Hudetz D, Hajsok H, Borić I. Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of Pathogenesis and State-Of-The-Art Non-Operative Therapeutic Considerations. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E854. [PMID: 32722615 PMCID: PMC7464436 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Being the most common musculoskeletal progressive condition, osteoarthritis is an interesting target for research. It is estimated that the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) among adults 60 years of age or older is approximately 10% in men and 13% in women, making knee OA one of the leading causes of disability in elderly population. Today, we know that osteoarthritis is not a disease characterized by loss of cartilage due to mechanical loading only, but a condition that affects all of the tissues in the joint, causing detectable changes in tissue architecture, its metabolism and function. All of these changes are mediated by a complex and not yet fully researched interplay of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and adipokines, all of which can be measured in the serum, synovium and histological samples, potentially serving as biomarkers of disease stage and progression. Another key aspect of disease progression is the epigenome that regulates all the genetic expression through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and mRNA interference. A lot of work has been put into developing non-surgical treatment options to slow down the natural course of osteoarthritis to postpone, or maybe even replace extensive surgeries such as total knee arthroplasty. At the moment, biological treatments such as platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and autologous microfragmented adipose tissue containing stromal vascular fraction are ordinarily used. Furthermore, the latter two mentioned cell-based treatment options seem to be the only methods so far that increase the quality of cartilage in osteoarthritis patients. Yet, in the future, gene therapy could potentially become an option for orthopedic patients. In the following review, we summarized all of the latest and most important research in basic sciences, pathogenesis, and non-operative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University “Josip Juraj Strossmayer”, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96 450 Coburg, Germany
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Eduard Rod
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željko Jeleč
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Nursing, University North, 48 000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Fabijan Čukelj
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Trpimir Vrdoljak
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Hudetz
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hana Hajsok
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Borić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 49210 Zabok/10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.M.); (E.R.); (Ž.J.); (F.Č.); (V.M.); (T.V.); (D.H.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Abstract
Being the most common musculoskeletal progressive condition, osteoarthritis is an interesting target for research. It is estimated that the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) among adults 60 years of age or older is approximately 10% in men and 13% in women, making knee OA one of the leading causes of disability in elderly population. Today, we know that osteoarthritis is not a disease characterized by loss of cartilage due to mechanical loading only, but a condition that affects all of the tissues in the joint, causing detectable changes in tissue architecture, its metabolism and function. All of these changes are mediated by a complex and not yet fully researched interplay of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and adipokines, all of which can be measured in the serum, synovium and histological samples, potentially serving as biomarkers of disease stage and progression. Another key aspect of disease progression is the epigenome that regulates all the genetic expression through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and mRNA interference. A lot of work has been put into developing non-surgical treatment options to slow down the natural course of osteoarthritis to postpone, or maybe even replace extensive surgeries such as total knee arthroplasty. At the moment, biological treatments such as platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and autologous microfragmented adipose tissue containing stromal vascular fraction are ordinarily used. Furthermore, the latter two mentioned cell-based treatment options seem to be the only methods so far that increase the quality of cartilage in osteoarthritis patients. Yet, in the future, gene therapy could potentially become an option for orthopedic patients. In the following review, we summarized all of the latest and most important research in basic sciences, pathogenesis, and non-operative treatment.
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15
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Lo Monaco M, Gervois P, Beaumont J, Clegg P, Bronckaers A, Vandeweerd JM, Lambrichts I. Therapeutic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Osteoarthritis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040980. [PMID: 32326610 PMCID: PMC7227024 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and inflammatory joint disorder with cartilage loss. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can undergo chondrogenic differentiation and secrete growth factors associated with tissue repair and immunomodulation. Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) emerges in regenerative medicine because of its growth factor content and fibrin matrix. This study evaluates the therapeutic application of DPSCs and L-PRF in OA via immunomodulation and cartilage regeneration. Chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs, with or without L-PRF exudate (ex) and conditioned medium (CM), and of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells was compared. These cells showed differential chondrogenesis. L-PRF was unable to increase cartilage-associated components. Immature murine articular chondrocytes (iMACs) were cultured with L-PRF ex, L-PRF CM, or DPSC CM. L-PRF CM had pro-survival and proliferative effects on unstimulated and cytokine-stimulated iMACs. L-PRF CM stimulated the release of IL-6 and PGE2, and increased MMP-13, TIMP-1 and IL-6 mRNA levels in cytokine-stimulated iMACs. DPSC CM increased the survival and proliferation of unstimulated iMACs. In cytokine-stimulated iMACs, DPSC CM increased TIMP-1 gene expression, whereas it inhibited nitrite release in 3D culture. We showed promising effects of DPSCs in an in vitro OA model, as they undergo chondrogenesis in vitro, stimulate the survival of chondrocytes and have immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lo Monaco
- Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (P.G.); (J.B.); (A.B.); (I.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) - Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)-26-92-09
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (P.G.); (J.B.); (A.B.); (I.L.)
| | - Joel Beaumont
- Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (P.G.); (J.B.); (A.B.); (I.L.)
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Lab, GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences, Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX Liverpool, UK;
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (P.G.); (J.B.); (A.B.); (I.L.)
| | - Jean-Michel Vandeweerd
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU) - Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (P.G.); (J.B.); (A.B.); (I.L.)
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16
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Kim KH, Jo JH, Cho HJ, Park TS, Kim TM. Therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: preclinical study findings. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:10. [PMID: 32322556 PMCID: PMC7160998 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles secreted by almost all cell types, and they mediate various biological processes via cell-to-cell communication. Compared with parental cells for therapeutic purposes, stem cell-derived EVs have several advantages such as reduced risk of rejection, less oncogenic potential, ease of long-term storage, lower chance of thromboembolism, and readiness for immediate use. Recent studies have demonstrated that EVs from stem cells, mostly from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various tissues, have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and proliferative role in injured organs including osteoarthritic lesions. Herein, we provide a review about the up-to-date studies in preclinical application of stem cell-derived EVs in osteoarthritis animal arthritis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jo
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cho
- 2Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang, South Korea.,2Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang, South Korea.,2Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354 South Korea
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17
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Zhang S, Hu B, Liu W, Wang P, Lv X, Chen S, Liu H, Shao Z. Articular cartilage regeneration: The role of endogenous mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell recruitment and migration. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 50:198-208. [PMID: 31767195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma- or osteoarthritis-related cartilage damage resulted in functional decline of joints and heavy burden of public health. Recently, the reparative role of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in articular cartilage (AC) reconstruction is drawing more and more attention. OBJECTIVE To provide a review on (1) the locations and categories of joint-resident MSCs, (2) the regulation of chondrogenic capacities of MSCs, (3) the migratory approaches of MSCs to diseased AC and regulatory mechanisms. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched for English-language articles related to MSC recruitment and migration for AC repair until June 2019. The presence of various MSCs in or around joints, the potential approaches to diseased AC` and the regenerative capacities of MSCs were reviewed. RESULTS Various intra- and peri-articular MSCs, with inherent migratory potentials, are present in multiple stem cell niches in or around joints. The recruitment and migration of joint-resident MSCs play crucial roles in endogenous AC repair. Multiple recruiting signals, such as chemokines, growth factors, etc., emerge during the development of AC diseases and participate in the regulation of MSC mobilization. Motivated MSCs could migrate into cartilage lesions and then exert multiple reparative potentials, including extracellular matrix (ECM) reconstruction and microenvironment modulation. CONCLUSION In general, AC repair based on endogenous MSC recruitment and migration is a feasible strategy, and a promising research field. Furthermore, endogenous AC repair mediated by native MSCs would provide new opportunities to efficient preventative or therapeutic options for AC diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
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18
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Crivelli B, Bari E, Perteghella S, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Mocchi M, Faragò S, Tripodo G, Prina-Mello A, Torre ML. Silk fibroin nanoparticles for celecoxib and curcumin delivery: ROS-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Belluzzi E, Olivotto E, Toso G, Cigolotti A, Pozzuoli A, Biz C, Trisolino G, Ruggieri P, Grigolo B, Ramonda R, Favero M. Conditioned media from human osteoarthritic synovium induces inflammation in a synoviocyte cell line. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:136-145. [PMID: 29695173 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1470167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint pathology involving cartilage, synovial membrane, meniscus, subchondral bone, and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). Synovitis has been widely documented in OA suggesting its important role in pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different joint tissues in promoting synovitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conditioned media (CM) from cartilage, synovial membrane, meniscus, and IFP were generated from tissues of five patients undergoing total knee replacement and used to stimulate a human fibroblast-like synoviocytes cell line (K4IM). Cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteases release was analyzed in all CM by Bio-Plex Assay and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by dimethylmethylene blue assay. Gene expression of several markers was evaluated by real-time PCR in K4IM cells stimulated with the CM obtained from joint tissues. RESULTS CM from all tissues produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. CCL21, MMP-3, and -13 levels were detected in all CM except IFP. MMP-10 was present only in CM of cartilage and synovial tissues. IL-1β, IL-15, TNF-α, CCL5, and CCL19 were undetectable. However, only K4IM cells stimulated by the CM from OA synovium showed an increase of IL-6, CXCL-8, CCL21, MMP10, and IL-1β expression. CONCLUSION Our study showed that K4IM might be a suitable in vitro model for evaluating different cellular pathways in OA studies. Importantly, we demonstrated that in OA, all joint tissues might be involved in the progression of synovitis with a predominant role of synovial membrane itself compared to the other joint tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Belluzzi
- a Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy.,b Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivotto
- c RAMSES Laboratory-RIT Department , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giovanna Toso
- b Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Augusto Cigolotti
- d Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Assunta Pozzuoli
- b Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- d Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Giovanni Trisolino
- e Reconstructive Hip and Knee Joint Surgery , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy.,f Pediatric orthopedic and Traumatology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- d Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- c RAMSES Laboratory-RIT Department , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy.,g Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- a Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- a Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy.,c RAMSES Laboratory-RIT Department , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
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20
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Favero M, Belluzzi E, Trisolino G, Goldring MB, Goldring SR, Cigolotti A, Pozzuoli A, Ruggieri P, Ramonda R, Grigolo B, Punzi L, Olivotto E. Inflammatory molecules produced by meniscus and synovium in early and end-stage osteoarthritis: a coculture study. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11176-11187. [PMID: 30456760 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the molecules and pathways involved in the cross-talk between meniscus and synovium that may play a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. Samples of synovium and meniscus were collected from patients with early and end-stage OA and cultured alone or cocultured. Cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteases, and their inhibitors were evaluated at the gene and protein levels. The extracellular matrix (ECM) changes were also investigated. In early OA cultures, higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 messenger RNA were expressed by synovium and meniscus in coculture compared with meniscus cultured alone. RANTES release was significantly increased when the two tissues were cocultured compared with meniscus cultured alone. Increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-10 proteins, as well as increased release of glycosaminoglycans and aggrecan CS846 epitope, were observed when synovium was cocultured with meniscus. In end-stage OA cultures, increased levels of IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) proteins were released in cocultures compared with cultures of meniscus alone. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) protein release was higher in meniscus cultured alone and in coculture compared with synovium cultured alone. Increased levels of MMP-3 and 10 proteins were observed when tissues were cocultured compared with meniscus cultured alone. Aggrecan CS846 epitope release was increased in cocultures compared with cultures of either tissue cultured alone. Our study showed the production of inflammatory molecules by synovium and meniscus which could trigger inflammatory signals in early OA patients, and induce ECM loss in the progressive and final stages of OA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Trisolino
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mary B Goldring
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Steven R Goldring
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Augusto Cigolotti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Assunta Pozzuoli
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivotto
- RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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van den Berg R, Jongbloed EM, de Schepper EIT, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Koes BW, Luijsterburg PAJ. The association between pro-inflammatory biomarkers and nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review. Spine J 2018; 18:2140-2151. [PMID: 29960111 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.06.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT About 85% of the patients with low back pain seeking medical care have nonspecific low back pain (NsLBP), implying that no definitive cause can be identified. Nonspecific low back pain is defined as low back pain and disability which cannot be linked to an underlying pathology, such as cancer, spinal osteomyelitis, fracture, spinal stenosis, cauda equine, ankylosing spondylitis, and visceral-referred pain. Many pain conditions are linked with elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Outcomes of interest are NsLBP and the level of pro-inflammatory biomarkers. PURPOSE To unravel the etiology and get better insight in the prognosis of NsLBP, the aim of this study was to assess the association between pro-inflammatory biomarkers and the presence and severity of NsLBP. STUDY DESIGN A systematic literature search was made in Embase, Medline, Cinahl, Webof-science, and Google scholar up to January 19th 2017. METHODS Included were cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting on patients aged over 18 years with NsLBP, in which one or more pro-inflammatory biomarkers were measured in blood plasma. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. A best-evidence synthesis was used to summarize the results from the individual studies, meaning that the included studies were ranked according to the consistency of the findings and according to their methodological quality score using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Included were 10 studies which assessed four different pro-inflammatory biomarkers. For the association between the presence of NsLBP and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α limited, conflicting and moderate evidence, respectively, was found. For the association between the severity of NsLBP and CRP and IL-6, moderate evidence was found. For the association between the severity of NsLBP and TNF-α and RANTES Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted conflicting and limited evidence, respectively, was found. CONCLUSIONS This study found moderate evidence for (i) a positive association between the pro-inflammatory biomarkers CRP and IL-6 and the severity of NsLBP, and (ii) a positive association between TNF-α and the presence of NsLBP. Conflicting and limited evidence was found for the association between TNF-α and Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted and severity of NsLBP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van den Berg
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Jongbloed
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E I T de Schepper
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M A Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W Koes
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P A J Luijsterburg
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Pro-inflammatory cytokines: The link between obesity and osteoarthritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 44:38-50. [PMID: 30340925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by joint malfunction and chronic disability, is the most common form of arthritis. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related OA is associated with many factors such as age, sex, trauma, and obesity. One of the most influential and modifiable risk factors is obesity. Obesity not only increases mechanical stress on the tibiofemoral cartilage, but also leads to a higher prevalence of OA in non-weight-bearing areas. There is a link between obesity and inflammation. Adipose tissues play a crucial role in this context because they are the major source of cytokines, chemokines, and metabolically-active mediators named adipokines. The adipokines, including adiponectin and leptin, have been demonstrated to regulate inflammatory immune responses in cartilage. Obese people and animals show a higher level of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL)-1β and IL-6, all of which are produced by macrophages derived from adipose tissue. These pro-inflammatory cytokines regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of adipocytes, promote lipolysis, inhibit lipid synthesis and decrease blood lipids through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 have been found in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone and cartilage of OA patients, confirming their important roles in OA pathogenesis. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 are the factors released by fat to negatively regulate cartilage directly. Moreover, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 can induce the production of other cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandins and inhibit the synthesis of proteoglycans and type II collagen; thus, they play a pivotal role in cartilage matrix degradation and bone resorption in OA. Activated chondrocytes also produce MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and aggrecanase 1 and 2 (ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5). In addition, IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 may cause OA indirectly by regulating release of adiponectin and leptin from adipocytes. In this review, we first summarize the relationship between obesity and inflammation. Then we summarize the roles of IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 in OA. We further discuss how IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 regulate the communication between fat and OA, and their pathological roles in obesity-related OA. Lastly, we discuss the possibility of using the pro-inflammatory signaling pathway as a therapeutic target to develop drugs for obesity-related OA.
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Lechner J, Noumbissi S, von Baehr V. Titanium implants and silent inflammation in jawbone-a critical interplay of dissolved titanium particles and cytokines TNF-α and RANTES/CCL5 on overall health? EPMA J 2018; 9:331-343. [PMID: 30174768 PMCID: PMC6107454 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION It is a well-known fact that titanium particles deriving from dental titanium implants (DTI) dissolve into the surrounding bone. Although titanium (TI) is regarded as a compatible implant material, increasing concern is coming up that the dissolved titanium particles induce inflammatory reactions around the implant. Specifically, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is expressed in the adjacent bone. The transition from TNF-α-induced local inflammation following insertion of DTI surgery to a chronic stage of "silent inflammation" could be a neglected cause of unexplained medical conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The signaling pathways involved in the induction of cytokine release were analyzed by multiplex analysis. We examined samples of jawbone (JB) for seven cytokines in two groups: specimens from 14 patients were analyzed in areas of DTI for particle-mediated release of cytokines. Each of the adjacent to DTI tissue samples showed clinically fatty degenerated and osteonecrotic medullary changes in the JB (FDOJ). Specimens from 19 patients were of healthy JB. In five cases, we measured the concentration of dissolved Ti particles by spectrometry. RESULTS All DTI-FDOJ samples showed RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) as the only extremely overexpressed cytokine. DTI-FDOJ cohort showed a 30-fold mean overexpression of R/C as compared with a control cohort of 19 healthy JB samples. Concentration of dissolved Ti particles in DTI-FDOJ was 30-fold higher than an estimated maximum of 1.000 μg/kg. DISCUSSION As R/C is discussed in the literature as a possible contributor to inflammatory diseases, the here-presented research examines the question of whether common DTI may provoke the development of chronic inflammation in the jawbone in an impaired state of healing. Such changes in areas of the JB may lead to hyperactivated signaling pathways of TNF-α induced R/C overexpression, and result in unrecognized sources of silent inflammation. This may contribute to disease patterns like rheumatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other systemic-inflammatory diseases, which is widely discussed in scientific papers. CONCLUSION From a systemic perspective, we recommend that more attention be paid to the cytokine cross-talk that is provoked by dissolved Ti particles from DTI in medicine and dentistry. This may contribute to further development of personalized strategies in preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Lechner
- Clinic for Integrative Dentistry, Grünwalder Str. 10A, Munich, Germany
| | - Sammy Noumbissi
- Miles of Smiles Implant Dentistry, 801 Wayne Ave no. G200, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Volker von Baehr
- Institute for Medical Diagnostics in MVZ GbR, Nicolaistr. 22, 12247 Berlin, Germany
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Löfgren M, Svala E, Lindahl A, Skiöldebrand E, Ekman S. Time-dependent changes in gene expression induced in vitro by interleukin-1β in equine articular cartilage. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:466-476. [PMID: 29747133 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory and degenerative joint disease commonly affecting horses. To identify genes of relevance for cartilage pathology in osteoarthritis we studied the time-course effects of interleukin (IL)-1β on equine articular cartilage. Articular cartilage explants from the distal third metacarpal bone were collected postmortem from three horses without evidence of joint disease. The explants were stimulated with IL-1β for 27 days and global gene expression was measured by microarray. Gene expression was compared to that of unstimulated explants at days 3, 9, 15, 21 and 27. Release of inflammatory proteins was measured using Proximity Extension Assay. Stimulation with IL-1β led to time-dependent changes in gene expression related to inflammation, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and phenotypic alterations. Gene expression and protein release of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix-degrading enzymes increased in the stimulated explants. Collagen type II was downregulated from day 15, whereas other ECM molecules were downregulated earlier. In contrast molecules involved in ECM signaling (perlecan, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, and syndecan 4) were upregulated. At the late time points, genes related to a chondrogenic phenotype were downregulated, and genes related to a hypertrophic phenotype were upregulated, suggesting a transition towards hypertrophy later in the culturing period. The data suggest that this in vitro model mimics time course events of in vivo inflammation in OA and it may be valuable as an in vitro tool to test treatments and to study disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Löfgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emilia Svala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stina Ekman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Delivery of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor via a customized collagen scaffold promotes meniscal defect regeneration in a rabbit model. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:210-221. [PMID: 28757192 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Meniscal injury is one of the most common knee joint injuries, which remains an intractable challenge in clinical practice to date. Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation levels in both human and mice menisci following injury, prompted us to investigate the functional role of EGFR by utilizing an inducible cartilage-specific EGFR-deficient mouse model. We demonstrated that conditional EGFR deletion in mice resulted in increased partial meniscectomy-induced ECM production within the meniscus, which is comparable to utilization of the small molecule EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, to block EGFR activity. Here, we combined intra-articular delivery of gefitinib with an implanted customized collagen scaffold to substitute for lost meniscal tissue, as well as to promote meniscal regeneration and prevent osteoarthritis (OA) progression in a rabbit meniscectomy model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The main novelty of this study is the finding of a new application for small molecule EGFR inhibitor in meniscal injury therapy. This study also highlights the importance of using a customized collagen scaffold to provide robust mechanical strength and effectively promote meniscus regeneration. In summary, our study finds that intra-articular delivery of gefitinib together with implantation of a customized, multi-layer collagen scaffold not only enhanced meniscal regeneration, but also protected articular cartilage from degeneration in rabbit model. These results provide valuable insight for meniscal tissue engineering studies and clinical practice.
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26
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Efecto del condroitín sulfato en la sinovitis de pacientes con artrosis de rodilla. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 149:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Pretreatment with IL-1β enhances proliferation and chondrogenic potential of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 19:181-193. [PMID: 27979606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cartilage regeneration because of their high proliferative ability and chondrogenic potential. We have performed clinical trials using synovial MSCs to regenerate articular cartilage. To achieve good clinical outcomes for cell transplantation therapy, it is important to control both quantity (cell number) and quality (pluripotency or chondrogenic potential) of the cells for transplantation. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with significant pro-proliferative potential for mesenchymal cells. However, the effects of IL-1β on synovial MSCs remain unknown. We investigated the effects of pretreatment with IL-1β on synovial MSCs. METHODS Human synovial tissue was harvested during total knee arthroplasty. Nucleated cells were plated and cultured in the absence or presence of IL-1β at 10-13, 10-12, 10-11, 10-10, 10-9 or 10-8 g/mL for 14 days. RESULTS The number of synovial MSCs increased in a concentration-dependent manner. When cultured for 21 days in chondrogenic medium after pretreatment with 10-8 g/mL IL-1β, pellet aggregation was observed, whereas pretreatment with 10-12, 10-11 or 10-10 g/mL IL-1β significantly increased the weight of cartilage pellets (P <0.01). Surface markers for adhesion ability and pluripotency were reduced with high concentrations of IL-1β. IL-6 and IL-8 expression increased, but no changes in the expression level of growth factors were indicated by cytokine array. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that pretreatment of IL-1β increased the proliferation and chondrogenic potential of synovial MSCs, which may promote the regenerative potential of synovial MSCs.
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Karlsen TA, de Souza GA, Ødegaard B, Engebretsen L, Brinchmann JE. microRNA-140 Inhibits Inflammation and Stimulates Chondrogenesis in a Model of Interleukin 1β-induced Osteoarthritis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e373. [PMID: 27727249 PMCID: PMC5095680 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a serious disease of articular cartilage. The pathogenic factors contributing to this disorder are inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation and failure to rebuild the articular cartilage. Preclinical studies suggest that microRNA-140 may play a protective role in osteoarthritis development, but little is known about the mechanism by which this occurs. Here we present the results of forced expression of microRNA-140 in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis, evaluated by global proteomics analysis. We show that inflammation was reduced through the altered levels of multiple proteins involved in the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 pathway. microRNA-140 upregulated many of the components involved in the synthesis of hyaline extracellular matrix and reduced the levels of aggrecanases and syndecan 4, thus potentially both increasing cartilage repair and reducing cartilage breakdown. These results show how forced expression of microRNA-140 is likely to counteract all three pathogenic processes, and support the idea that intra-articular injection of microRNA-140 may benefit patients suffering from early osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy A Karlsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Ødegaard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Aging-related inflammation in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1966-71. [PMID: 26521742 PMCID: PMC4630808 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that aging is an important contributing factor to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms responsible appear to be multifactorial and may include an age-related pro-inflammatory state that has been termed "inflamm-aging." Age-related inflammation can be both systemic and local. Systemic inflammation can be promoted by aging changes in adipose tissue that result in increased production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Numerous studies have shown an age-related increase in blood levels of IL-6 that has been associated with decreased physical function and frailty. Importantly, higher levels of IL-6 have been associated with an increased risk of knee OA progression. However, knockout of IL-6 in male mice resulted in worse age-related OA rather than less OA. Joint tissue cells, including chondrocytes and meniscal cells, as well as the neighboring infrapatellar fat in the knee joint, can be a local source of inflammatory mediators that increase with age and contribute to OA. An increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators that include cytokines and chemokines, as well as matrix-degrading enzymes important in joint tissue destruction, can be the result of cell senescence and the development of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Further studies are needed to better understand the basis for inflamm-aging and its role in OA with the hope that this work will lead to new interventions targeting inflammation to reduce not only joint tissue destruction but also pain and disability in older adults with OA.
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Upregulated expression of CCR3 in osteoarthritis and CCR3 mediated activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Cytokine 2015; 77:211-9. [PMID: 26409848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Upregulated expression of CC chemokine receptor (CCR)3 was observed in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage and chondrocytes, but expression of CCR3 on synovial tissue of OA remains unknown. Fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) invasion in synovium appears one of the features of OA, but expression and function of CCR3 on FLS remain uninvestigated. We therefore explored them in the present study. METHODS Enzymatically dispersed synovial tissue cells were analyzed by flowcytometry. Primary cultured FLS isolated from OA synovium were challenged and the expression of CCR3, eotaxin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. RESULTS Approximately 4.5% dispersed OA synovial tissue cells are CCR3+ cells. Among them, 58.4% cells are CD90+CD14-CD3- cells (representing FLS) and 36.7% are CD8+ cells, indicating that FLS are major population of CCR3+ cells in the synovial tissue. Levels of eotaxin-1 and MMP-9 in OA synovial fluid (SF) were greater than that in OA plasma and in healthy control (HC) plasma. Eotaxin-1 induced up to 5.8 and 7.2-fold increases in the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein, respectively following 12h incubation with FLS, which was inhibited by antagonist of CCR3 SB328437 and an inhibitor of ERK U0126, indicating that action of eotaxin-1 on FLS seemed via CCR3 and ERK signaling pathway. IL-1β and TNF-α was found to elicit release of eotaxin-1 from OA FLS. CONCLUSION FLS via eotaxin-1 and its receptor CCR3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OA, which strengthen the concept that OA is likely an inflammation related disease.
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ω-3 PUFAs and Resveratrol Differently Modulate Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Processes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:535189. [PMID: 26301248 PMCID: PMC4537711 DOI: 10.1155/2015/535189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ω-3 PUFAs and polyphenols have multiple effects on inflammation in vivo and in vitro. The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RV) were investigated in LPS-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) (i.e., acute inflammation) and IL-1β activated human chondrocytes (i.e., chronic inflammation). Inflammatory mediators including chemokines, cytokines, interleukins, and PGE2 were measured by multiplex analysis and gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR. In PBLs, RV decreased the secretion of PGE2, CCL5/RANTES, and CXCL8/IL-8 but increased IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. In contrast to RV, ω-3 PUFAs augmented the production of PGE2 and CXCL8/IL-8. EPA and DHA similarly affected the pattern of inflammatory mediators. Combination of RV and ω-3 PUFAs exerted synergistic effects on CCL5/RANTES and had additive effects on IL-6 or CXCL8/IL-8. Both ω-3 PUFAs and RV reduced catabolic gene expression (e.g., MMPs, ADAMTS-4, IL-1β, and IL-6) in activated chondrocytes. The data suggest that ω-3 PUFAs and RV differ in the regulation of acute inflammation of peripheral blood leukocytes but have common properties in modulating features related to chronic inflammation of chondrocytes.
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Mellado M, Martínez-Muñoz L, Cascio G, Lucas P, Pablos JL, Rodríguez-Frade JM. T Cell Migration in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:384. [PMID: 26284069 PMCID: PMC4515597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in joints, associated with synovial hyperplasia and with bone and cartilage destruction. Although the primacy of T cell-related events early in the disease continues to be debated, there is strong evidence that autoantigen recognition by specific T cells is crucial to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid synovitis. In addition, T cells are key components of the immune cell infiltrate detected in the joints of RA patients. Initial analysis of the cytokines released into the synovial membrane showed an imbalance, with a predominance of proinflammatory mediators, indicating a deleterious effect of Th1 T cells. There is nonetheless evidence that Th17 cells also play an important role in RA. T cells migrate from the bloodstream to the synovial tissue via their interactions with the endothelial cells that line synovial postcapillary venules. At this stage, selectins, integrins, and chemokines have a central role in blood cell invasion of synovial tissue, and therefore in the intensity of the inflammatory response. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms involved in T cell attraction to the joint, the proteins involved in their extravasation from blood vessels, and the signaling pathways activated. Knowledge of these processes will lead to a better understanding of the mechanism by which the systemic immune response causes local joint disorders and will help to provide a molecular basis for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mellado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - Graciela Cascio
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pilar Lucas
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
| | - José L Pablos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones , Madrid , Spain
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Phillips KLE, Cullen K, Chiverton N, Michael ALR, Cole AA, Breakwell LM, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL. Potential roles of cytokines and chemokines in human intervertebral disc degeneration: interleukin-1 is a master regulator of catabolic processes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1165-77. [PMID: 25748081 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE These studies investigated cytokine and chemokine receptor profiles in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and the effects of receptor stimulation on mRNA levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, degrading enzymes and cytokine and chemokine expression. METHOD Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to localise expression of CD4, CCR1, CXCR1 and CXCR2 in human NP tissue samples. Effects of cytokine and chemokine stimulation was performed to investigate effects related to ECM remodelling and modulation of cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression. RESULTS IHC identified CD4, CCR1, CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression by NP cells. Differential expression profiles were observed for CD4 and CXCR2 in tissue samples from degenerate and infiltrated IVDs. In vitro stimulations of primary human NP cultures with IL-16, CCL2, CCL3, CCL7 or CXCL8 did not identify any modulatory effects on parameters associated with ECM remodelling or expression of other cytokines and chemokines. Conversely, IL-1 was seen to modulate ECM remodelling and expression of all other cytokines and chemokines investigated. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time that NP cells express a number of cytokine and chemokine receptors and thus could respond in an autocrine or paracrine manner to cytokines and chemokines produced by NP cells, particularly during tissue degeneration. However, this study failed to demonstrate regulatory effects on ECM genes and degradative enzymes or other cytokines and chemokines for any target investigated, with the exception of IL-1. This suggests that IL-1 is a master regulator within the IVD and may exert regulatory potential over a plethora of other cytokines and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L E Phillips
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
| | - K Cullen
- Transplant Immunology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - N Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - A L R Michael
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - A A Cole
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - L M Breakwell
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - G Haddock
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
| | - R A D Bunning
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
| | - A K Cross
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
| | - C L Le Maitre
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
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Takebe K, Rai M, Schmidt E, Sandell L. The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a role in post-traumatic cartilage loss in mice, but does not affect synovium and bone. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:454-61. [PMID: 25498590 PMCID: PMC4341917 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis and several inflammatory diseases, where its blockade resulted in reduced joint destruction. However, its role in modulating cartilage and bone changes in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) has not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated changes in articular cartilage, synovium and bone in a post-traumatic OA model using CCR5-deficient (CCR5(-/-)) mice. METHOD Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed on the right knee of 10-week old CCR5(-/-) and C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice to induce post-traumatic OA. The contralateral left knee served as sham-operated control. Knee joints were analyzed at 4-, 8- and 12-weeks after surgery to evaluate cartilage degeneration and synovitis by histology, and bone changes via micro-CT. RESULTS Our findings showed that CCR5(-/-) mice exhibited significantly less cartilage degeneration than WT mice at 8- and 12-weeks post-surgery. CCR5(-/-) mice showed some altered bone parameters 18- and 22-weeks of age, but body size and weight were not affected. The effect of CCR5-ablation was insignificant at all time points post-surgery for synovitis and for bone parameters such as bone volume/total volume, connectivity density index (CDI), structure model index (SMI), subchondral bone plate thickness, and trabecular bone number, thickness and spacing. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CCR5(-/-) mice developed less cartilage degeneration, which may indicate a potential protective role of CCR5-ablation in cartilage homeostasis. There were no differences in bone or synovial response to surgery suggesting that CCR5 functions primarily in cartilage during the development of post-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Takebe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - M.F. Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - E.J. Schmidt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - L.J. Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: L.J. Sandell, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 425 S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8233, St. Louis MO, 63110, United States. Tel: 1-314-454-7800; Fax: 1-314-454-5900
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Thijssen E, van Caam A, van der Kraan PM. Obesity and osteoarthritis, more than just wear and tear: pivotal roles for inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia in obesity-induced osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:588-600. [PMID: 25504962 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OA is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, synovitis, and subchondral bone sclerosis. One of OAs main risk factors is obesity. To date, it is not fully understood how obesity results in OA. Historically, this link was ascribed to excessive joint loading as a result of increased body weight. However, the association between obesity and OA in non-weight-bearing joints suggests a more complex aetiology for obesity-induced OA. In the present review, the link between obesity and OA is discussed. First, the historical view of altered joint loading leading to wear and tear of the joint is addressed. Subsequently, the effects of a disturbed lipid metabolism, low-grade inflammation, and adipokines on joint tissues are discussed and linked to OA. Taken together, inflamed adipose tissue and dyslipidaemia play pivotal roles in obesity-induced OA. It becomes increasingly clear that the link between obesity and OA transcends excessive loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Thijssen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan van Caam
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Expression of phosphocitrate-targeted genes in osteoarthritis menisci. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:210469. [PMID: 25525593 PMCID: PMC4265372 DOI: 10.1155/2014/210469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphocitrate (PC) inhibited calcium crystal-associated osteoarthritis (OA) in Hartley guinea pigs. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study sought to determine PC targeted genes and the expression of select PC targeted genes in OA menisci to test hypothesis that PC exerts its disease modifying activity in part by reversing abnormal expressions of genes involved in OA. We found that PC downregulated the expression of numerous genes classified in immune response, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIb receptor (FCGR3B), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B member 3 (LILRB3). In contrast, PC upregulated the expression of many genes classified in skeletal development, including collagen type II alpha1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and SRY- (sex determining region Y-) box 9 (SOX-9). Immunohistochemical examinations revealed higher levels of FCGR3B and LILRB3 and lower level of SOX-9 in OA menisci. These findings indicate that OA is a disease associated with immune system activation and decreased expression of SOX-9 gene in OA menisci. PC exerts its disease modifying activity on OA, at least in part, by targeting immune system activation and the production of extracellular matrix and selecting chondroprotective proteins.
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Sowa GA, Perera S, Bechara B, Agarwal V, Boardman J, Huang W, Camacho-Soto A, Vo N, Kang J, Weiner D. Associations between serum biomarkers and pain and pain-related function in older adults with low back pain: a pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:2047-55. [PMID: 25367206 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between serum biomarkers and self-reported pain intensity and pain-related function, in addition to the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of lumbar spine degenerative changes, in older adults with chronic low back pain. DESIGN Single-center cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 60 and older with axial low back pain without radiculopathy or previously diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee or hip or pain outside the low back that is more severe than the back pain (n = 43). MEASUREMENTS To examine pain-related impairment, pain was measured on a pain thermometer and the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form was administered. To examine pain-related function or activity limitation, the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and repetitive trunk rotation were used. Single plasma samples were obtained before and after physical performance tests and analyzed for inflammatory markers (E-selectin and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)), inhibitors of catabolic enzymes (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1)), markers of matrix turnover (C- telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) and aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 (CS846)), and stress biomarkers (neuropeptide Y (NPY)). Conventional nongadolinium lumbar MRI was performed and analyzed quantitatively and clinically. RESULTS Composite MRI measurements did not show significant correlation with pain or pain-related function. Basal levels and changes in serum biomarkers in response to activity, particularly NPY and RANTES, demonstrated associations with pain and pain-related function in addition to the explanatory power of MRI-based results. CONCLUSION Serum biomarkers may be a metric for assessment of active disease in older adults, in whom imaging changes are ubiquitous. In addition, changing levels of biomarkers in response to activity suggests that they may be useful as metrics to measure treatment responses in future studies and may reflect potential targets for use in designing personalized treatment for older adults with low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Sowa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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A novel rose hip preparation with enhanced anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:105710. [PMID: 25371599 PMCID: PMC4211164 DOI: 10.1155/2014/105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rose hip powder (RHP) alleviates osteoarthritis (OA) due to its anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective properties. Substances contained in RHP might contribute to its clinical efficacy. The activity of two RHP (i.e., RH-A, from the whole fruit, RH-B, from fruits without seeds) was investigated in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and primary chondrocytes (NHAC-kn). RH-A and RH-B diminished the secretion of chemokines and cytokines in LPS/IFN-γ-activated PBL, including CCL5/RANTES, CXCL10/IP-10, interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-12. Most effects were transcriptional, since gene expression levels were significantly influenced by RH-A and RH-B. In IL-1β treated normal chondrocytes (NHAC-kn), both RH preparations reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4. These changes are associated with diminished inflammatory damage or cartilage erosion. Principal component analysis revealed that (1) RH-A and RH-B modified a large pattern of biomarkers, and (2) RH-B outperformed RH-A. Furthermore, RH-B contained more chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory constituents than RH-A. Thus, RHP contributed to restore cellular homeostasis in PBL and chondrocytes. RH preparations from fruits without seeds are thus expected to have an improved OA-preventive or OA-therapeutic profile, as subsequently shown in a related clinical trial.
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Chen WH, Lo WC, Hsu WC, Wei HJ, Liu HY, Lee CH, Tina Chen SY, Shieh YH, Williams DF, Deng WP. Synergistic anabolic actions of hyaluronic acid and platelet-rich plasma on cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis therapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9599-607. [PMID: 25176059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease associated with tissue inflammation, physical disability and imbalanced homeostasis in cartilage. For advanced treatments, biological approaches are currently focused on tissue regeneration and anti-inflammation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (HA+PRP) on OA. Articular chondrocytes were obtained from five OA patients. The optimal HA and PRP concentrations were evaluated by MTT assay. The expressions of chondrogenic and inflammatory genes were analyzed by RT-PCR. Signaling pathway was examined by immunoblotting and the expressions of OA pathology-related chemokines and cytokines was demonstrated by real-time PCR-based SuperArray. The therapeutic efficacies of HA+PRP were then demonstrated in 3D arthritic neo-cartilage and ACLT-OA model. Here we showed that HA+PRP could greatly retrieve pro-inflammatory cytokines-reduced articular chondrocytes proliferation and chondrogenic phenotypes, the mechanism of which involve the sequential activation of specific receptors CD44 and TGF-βRII, downstream mediators Smad2/3 and Erk1/2, and the chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9. The real-time PCR-based SuperArray results also indicated that OA pathology-related chemokines and cytokines could be efficiently suppressed by HA+PRP. Moreover, the cartilaginous ECM could be retrieved from inflammation-induced degradation by HA+PRP in both 2D monolayer and 3D neo-cartilage model. Finally, the intra-articular injection of HA+PRP could strongly rescue the meniscus tear and cartilage breakdown and then decrease OA-related immune cells. The combination of HA+PRP can synergistically promote cartilage regeneration and inhibit OA inflammation. This study might offer an advanced and alternative OA treatment based on detailed regenerative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Chen
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Oral, Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Hsu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Oral, Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Oral, Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Yu Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Oral, Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Her Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Tina Chen
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Oral, Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Shieh
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David F Williams
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Oral, Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Amin AR, Islam ABMMK. Genomic analysis and differential expression of HMG and S100A family in human arthritis: upregulated expression of chemokines, IL-8 and nitric oxide by HMGB1. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:550-65. [PMID: 24905701 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied global gene expression arrays, quantitative real-time PCR, immunostaining, and functional assays to untangle the role of High Mobility Groups proteins (HMGs) in human osteoarthritis (OA)-affected cartilage. Bioinformatics analysis showed increased mRNA expression of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): HMGA, HMGB, HMGN, SRY, LEF1, HMGB1, MMPs, and HMG/RAGE-interacting molecules (spondins and S100A4, S100A10, and S100A11) in human OA-affected cartilage as compared with normal cartilage. HMGB2 was down-regulated in human OA-affected cartilage. Immunohistological staining identified HMGB1 in chondrocytes in the superficial cartilage. Cells of the deep cartilage and subchondral bone showed increased expression of HMGB1 in OA-affected cartilage. HMGB1 was expressed in the nucleus, cytosol, and extracellular milieu of chondrocytes in cartilage. Furthermore, HMGB1 was spontaneously released from human OA-affected cartilage in ex vivo conditions. The effects of recombinant HMGB1 was tested on human cartilage and chondrocytes in vitro. HMGB1 stimulated mRNA of 2 NFκB gene enhancers (NFκB1 and NFκB2), 16 CC and CXC chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, CCL20, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL3L3, CCL4, CCL4L1, CCL4L2, CCL5, CCL8, CXCL1, CXCL10, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) by ≥10-fold. Furthermore, HMGB1 and IL-1β and/or tumor necrosis factor α (but not HMGI/Y) also significantly induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, NO, and interleukin (IL)-8 production in human cartilage and chondrocytes. The recombinant HMGB1 utilized in this study shows properties that are similar to disulfide-HMGB1. The differential, stage and/or tissue-specific expression of HMGB1, HMGB2, and S100A in cartilage was associated with regions of pathology and/or cartilage homeostasis in human OA-affected cartilage. Noteworthy similarities in the expression of mouse and human HMGB1 and HMGB2 were conserved in normal and arthritis-affected cartilage. The multifunctional forms of HMGB1 and S100A could perpetuate damage-induced cartilage inflammation in late-stage OA-affected joints similar to sterile inflammation. The paracrine effects of HMGB1 can induce chemokines and NO that are perceived to change cartilage homeostasis in human OA-affected cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok R Amin
- 1 Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, Virginia Tech and Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine , RheuMatrix, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia
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Human osteoarthritic cartilage shows reduced in vivo expression of IL-4, a chondroprotective cytokine that differentially modulates IL-1β-stimulated production of chemokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96925. [PMID: 24819779 PMCID: PMC4018406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In osteoarthritis (OA), an inflammatory environment is responsible for the imbalance between the anabolic and catabolic activity of chondrocytes and, thus, for articular cartilage derangement. This study was aimed at providing further insight into the impairment of the anabolic cytokine IL-4 and its receptors in human OA cartilage, as well as the potential ability of IL-4 to antagonize the catabolic phenotype induced by IL-1β. Methodology/Principal Findings The in vivo expression of IL-4 and IL-4 receptor subunits (IL-4R, IL-2Rγ, IL-13Rα1) was investigated on full thickness OA or normal knee cartilage. IL-4 expression was found to be significantly lower in OA, both in terms of the percentage of positive cells and the amount of signal per cell. IL-4 receptor type I and II were mostly expressed in mid-deep cartilage layers. No significant difference for each IL-4 receptor subunit was noted. IL-4 anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic activity was assessed in vitro in the presence of IL-1β and/or IL-4 for 24 hours using differentiated high density primary OA chondrocyte also exhibiting the three IL-4 R subunits found in vivo. Chemokines, extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their inhibitors were evaluated at mRNA (real time PCR) and protein (ELISA or western blot) levels. IL-4 did not affect IL-1β-induced mRNA expression of GRO-α/CXCL1, IL-8/CXCL8, ADAMTS-5, TIMP-1 or TIMP-3. Conversely, IL-4 significantly inhibited RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4. These results were confirmed at protein level for RANTES/CCL5 and MMP-13. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate for the first time that OA cartilage has a significantly lower expression of IL-4. Furthermore, we found differences in the spectrum of biological effects of IL-4. The findings that IL-4 has the ability to hamper the IL-1β-induced release of both MMP-13 and CCL5/RANTES, both markers of OA chondrocytes, strongly indicates IL-4 as a pivotal anabolic cytokine in cartilage whose impairment impacts on OA pathogenesis.
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The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:561459. [PMID: 24876674 PMCID: PMC4021678 DOI: 10.1155/2014/561459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1006] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of human joints. The basis of pathologic changes involves all the tissues forming the joint; already, at an early stage, it has the nature of inflammation with varying degrees of severity. An analysis of the complex relationships indicates that the processes taking place inside the joint are not merely a set that (seemingly) only includes catabolic effects. Apart from them, anti-inflammatory anabolic processes also occur continually. These phenomena are driven by various mediators, of which the key role is attributed to the interactions within the cytokine network. The most important group controlling the disease seems to be inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18. The second group with antagonistic effect is formed by cytokines known as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA with respect to inter- and intracellular signaling pathways is still under investigation. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge. The cytokine network in OA is put in the context of cells involved in this degenerative joint disease. The possibilities for further implementation of new therapeutic strategies in OA are also pointed.
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Homeostatic mechanisms in articular cartilage and role of inflammation in osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 15:375. [PMID: 24072604 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-013-0375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease, in which thinning and disappearance of cartilage is a critical determinant in OA progression. The rupture of cartilage homeostasis whatever its cause (aging, genetic predisposition, trauma or metabolic disorder) induces profound phenotypic modifications of chondrocytes, which then promote the synthesis of a subset of factors that induce cartilage damage and target other joint tissues. Interestingly, among these factors are numerous components of the inflammatory pathways. Chondrocytes produce cytokines, chemokines, alarmins, prostanoids, and adipokines and express numerous cell surface receptors for cytokines and chemokines, as well as Toll-like receptors. These receptors activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory and stress responses of chondrocytes in OA joints. This review focuses on mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and highlights the role of inflammatory processes in OA progression.
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Ho LJ, Hung LF, Liu FC, Hou TY, Lin LC, Huang CY, Lai JH. Ginkgo biloba extract individually inhibits JNK activation and induces c-Jun degradation in human chondrocytes: potential therapeutics for osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82033. [PMID: 24349175 PMCID: PMC3859542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder with varying degrees of inflammation. The ideal anti-OA drug should have immunomodulatory effects while at the same time having limited or no toxicity. We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated human chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were prepared from cartilage specimens taken from patients with osteoarthritis who had received total hip or total knee replacement. The concentrations of chemokines and the degree of cell migration were determined by ELISA and chemotaxis assays, respectively. The activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) was determined by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We found that EGb inhibited IL-1-induced production of chemokines, which in turn resulted in attenuation of THP-1 cell migration toward EGb-treated cell culture medium. EGb also suppressed IL-1-stimulated iNOS expression and release of nitric oxide (NO). The EGb-mediated suppression of the iNOS-NO pathway correlated with the attenuation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) but not nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity. Of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), EGb inhibited only c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Unexpectedly, EGb selectively caused degradation of c-Jun protein. Further investigation revealed that EGb-mediated c-Jun degradation was preceded by ubiquitination of c-Jun and could be prevented by the proteosome inhibitor MG-132. The results imply that EGb protects against chondrocyte degeneration by inhibiting JNK activation and inducing ubiquitination-dependent c-Jun degradation. Although additional research is needed, our results suggest that EGb is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Ho
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, PhD Program of Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Li-Feng Hung
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Tsung-Yun Hou
- Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Leou-Chyr Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chuan-Yueh Huang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- * E-mail:
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Blasioli DJ, Kaplan DL. The roles of catabolic factors in the development of osteoarthritis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:355-63. [PMID: 24172137 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent disease of articular joints characterized by joint space narrowing on X-ray, joint pain, and a loss of joint function through progressive cartilage degradation and intermittent synovial inflammation. Current in vitro models of OA are often monolayer cultured primary cells exposed to high concentrations of cytokines or chemokines, usually IL-1β or TNF-α. IL-1β could play a role in the early progression or even initiation of OA as evidenced by many of the in vitro studies. However, the inconsistent or outright lack of detectable IL-1β combined with high concentrations of the natural inhibitor IL-1Ra in the OA synovial fluid makes the idea of OA being IL-1β-driven questionable. Further, other stimulants, including IL-6 and matrix fragments, have been shown in vitro to cause many of the effects seen in OA at relevant concentrations found in the OA synovial fluid. More work with these stimulants and IL-1β-independent models needs to be done. Concurrently, research should be conducted with patients with OA as early as possible in the progression of their disease to be able to potentially identify, target, and treat the initiation of the disease.
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Conditioned media from adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells downregulate degradative mediators induced by interleukin-1β in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:357014. [PMID: 24363499 PMCID: PMC3864089 DOI: 10.1155/2013/357014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent joint disorder and an important cause of disability. Recent studies have shown the potential of adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) for cartilage repair. We have investigated whether conditioned medium from AD-MSC (CM) may regulate in OA chondrocytes a number of key mediators involved in cartilage degeneration. CM enhanced type II collagen expression in OA chondrocytes while decreasing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in cell supernatants as well as the levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 proteins and mRNA in OA chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin- (IL-) 1β. In addition, CM increased IL-10 levels and counteracted the stimulating effects of IL-1β on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, prostaglandin E2, and NO measured as nitrite and the mRNA expression of these cytokines, CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CCL-5, CCL-8, CCL-19, CCL-20, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, CXCL-3, CXCL-5, CXCL-8, cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, and inducible NO synthase. These effects may be dependent on the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation by CM. Our data demonstrate the chondroprotective actions of CM and provide support for further studies of this approach in joint disease.
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Dawes JM, Kiesewetter H, Perkins JR, Bennett DLH, McMahon SB. Chemokine expression in peripheral tissues from the monosodium iodoacetate model of chronic joint pain. Mol Pain 2013; 9:57. [PMID: 24206615 PMCID: PMC3835139 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain arising from degenerative diseases of the joint such as osteoarthritis (OA) has a strong peripheral component which is likely to be mediator driven. Current treatments which reduce the production of such mediators i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help to lessen pain in OA patients. However, this is not always the case and complete pain relief is rarely achieved, suggesting that additional unidentified mediators play a role. Here we have investigated the notion that chemokines might act as such pain mediators in OA. RESULTS Using the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of chronic joint pain the expression of over 90 different inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines and chemokines, were measured in tissues taken from the femorotibial joint (cartilage, subchondral bone, fat pad) using custom-made quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array cards. At both the day 3 and 14 time points, numerous inflammatory mediators were significantly up-regulated in these tissues, although it was clear that the largest transcriptional dysregulation occurred in the cartilage. Using individual qPCR to measure immune cell markers, a significant infiltration of macrophages was measured in the cartilage and fat pad at day 3. Neutrophil infiltration was also measured in the fat pad at the same time point, but no infiltration was observed at day 14. Combination of mRNA expression data from different time points and tissues identified the chemokines, CCL2, 7 and 9 as being consistently up-regulated. The overall increase in CCL2 expression was also measured at the protein level. CONCLUSION Chemokines in general and CCL2, 7 and 9 in particular, represent promising targets for further studies into the identification of new pain mediators in chronic joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, West Wing, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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48
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Beekhuizen M, Gierman LM, van Spil WE, Van Osch GJVM, Huizinga TWJ, Saris DBF, Creemers LB, Zuurmond AM. An explorative study comparing levels of soluble mediators in control and osteoarthritic synovial fluid. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:918-22. [PMID: 23598178 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soluble mediators in synovial fluid (SF) are acknowledged as key players in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). However, a wide-spectrum screening of such mediators in SF is currently lacking. In this study, the levels of 47 mediators in the SF of control donors and osteoarthritic (OA) patients were compared. MATERIALS & METHODS SF was collected from control donors (n = 16) and end-stage knee OA patients (n = 18) and analysed for 47 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors using several multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences between OA and control controls. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to cluster the 47 mediators. RESULTS The majority of the mediators could be detected in both control and OA SF. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon inducible protein (IP)-10, macrophage derived chemokine (MDC), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels were found to be higher in OA compared to control SF (P < 0.001). Leptin, IL-13, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, soluble CD40 (sCD40L) levels were higher and eotaxin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were lower in OA SF than in control SF, albeit borderline significant (P < 0.05). The PCA enabled identification of six clusters of mediators, which explained 76% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides the first extensive profile of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors present in control and OA SF. Increased levels of mediators such as MDC and IL-6 imply involvement of inflammatory processes and might be associated with the influx of inflammatory cells in OA synovial tissue. Moreover, the performed cluster analysis indicated multiple clusters, which could indicate different pathophysiological pathways in the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beekhuizen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Haseeb A, Haqqi TM. Immunopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Clin Immunol 2013; 146:185-96. [PMID: 23360836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Even though osteoarthritis (OA) is mainly considered as a degradative condition of the articular cartilage, there is increasing body of data demonstrating the involvement of all branches of the immune system. Genetic, metabolic or mechanical factors cause an initial injury to the cartilage resulting in release of several cartilage specific auto-antigens, which trigger the activation of immune response. Immune cells including T cells, B cells and macrophages infiltrate the joint tissues, cytokines and chemokines are released from different kinds of cells present in the joint, complement system is activated, and cartilage degrading factors such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are released, resulting in further damage to the articular cartilage. There is considerable success in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using anti-cytokine therapies. In OA, however, these therapies did not show much effect, highlighting more complex nature of pathogenesis of OA. This needs the development of more novel approaches to treat OA, which may include therapies that act on multiple targets. Plant natural products have this kind of property and may be considered for future drug development efforts. Here we reviewed the studies implicating different components of the immune system in the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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50
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Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Michael ALR, Cole AA, Breakwell LM, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL. The cytokine and chemokine expression profile of nucleus pulposus cells: implications for degeneration and regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R213. [PMID: 24325988 PMCID: PMC3979161 DOI: 10.1186/ar4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of these studies were to identify the cytokine and chemokine expression profile of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and to determine the relationships between NP cell cytokine and chemokine production and the characteristic tissue changes seen during intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. METHODS Real-time q-PCR cDNA Low Density Array (LDA) was used to investigate the expression of 91 cytokine and chemokine associated genes in NP cells from degenerate human IVDs. Further real-time q-PCR was used to investigate 30 selected cytokine and chemokine associated genes in NP cells from non-degenerate and degenerate IVDs and those from IVDs with immune cell infiltrates (‘infiltrated’). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for four selected cytokines and chemokines to confirm and localize protein expression in human NP tissue samples. RESULTS LDA identified the expression of numerous cytokine and chemokine associated genes including 15 novel cytokines and chemokines. Further q-PCR gene expression studies identified differential expression patterns in NP cells derived from non-degenerate, degenerate and infiltrated IVDs. IHC confirmed NP cells as a source of IL-16, CCL2, CCL7 and CXCL8 and that protein expression of CCL2, CCL7 and CXCL8 increases concordant with histological degenerative tissue changes. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that NP cells are a source of cytokines and chemokines within the IVD and that these expression patterns are altered in IVD pathology. These findings may be important for the correct assessment of the ‘degenerate niche’ prior to autologous or allogeneic cell transplantation for biological therapy of the degenerate IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L E Phillips
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Neil Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Ashley A Cole
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lee M Breakwell
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gail Haddock
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Rowena AD Bunning
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Alison K Cross
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
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