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Newman AAC, Von Itter R, Moore KJ. Extracellular Vesicles: Bridging the Heart and Tumor in Reverse Cardio-Oncology. Circulation 2024; 149:1749-1751. [PMID: 38805582 PMCID: PMC11141114 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A C Newman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health (A.A.C.N., R.V.I., K.J.M.)
| | - Richard Von Itter
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health (A.A.C.N., R.V.I., K.J.M.)
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health (A.A.C.N., R.V.I., K.J.M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (K.J.M.)
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2
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Yan Z, Yang J, Wei WT, Zhou ML, Mo DX, Wan X, Ma R, Wu MM, Huang JH, Liu YJ, Lv FH, Li MH. A time-resolved multi-omics atlas of transcriptional regulation in response to high-altitude hypoxia across whole-body tissues. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3970. [PMID: 38730227 PMCID: PMC11087590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia acclimatization requires whole-body physiological regulation in highland immigrants, but the underlying genetic mechanism has not been clarified. Here we use sheep as an animal model for low-to-high altitude translocation. We generate multi-omics data including whole-genome sequences, time-resolved bulk RNA-Seq, ATAC-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq from multiple tissues as well as phenotypic data from 20 bio-indicators. We characterize transcriptional changes of all genes in each tissue, and examine multi-tissue temporal dynamics and transcriptional interactions among genes. Particularly, we identify critical functional genes regulating the short response to hypoxia in each tissue (e.g., PARG in the cerebellum and HMOX1 in the colon). We further identify TAD-constrained cis-regulatory elements, which suppress the transcriptional activity of most genes under hypoxia. Phenotypic and transcriptional evidence indicate that antenatal hypoxia could improve hypoxia tolerance in offspring. Furthermore, we provide time-series expression data of candidate genes associated with human mountain sickness (e.g., BMPR2) and high-altitude adaptation (e.g., HIF1A). Our study provides valuable resources and insights for future hypoxia-related studies in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Tian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhou
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 611743, China
| | - Dong-Xin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng-Hua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Ramirez Bustamante CE, Agarwal N, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Energy Balance Paradigms in People Living With HIV. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:190-209. [PMID: 37556371 PMCID: PMC10911955 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 4 decades, the clinical care of people living with HIV (PLWH) evolved from treatment of acute opportunistic infections to the management of chronic, noncommunicable comorbidities. Concurrently, our understanding of adipose tissue function matured to acknowledge its important endocrine contributions to energy balance. PLWH experience changes in the mass and composition of adipose tissue depots before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy, including regional loss (lipoatrophy), gain (lipohypertrophy), or mixed lipodystrophy. These conditions may coexist with generalized obesity in PLWH and reflect disturbances of energy balance regulation caused by HIV persistence and antiretroviral therapy drugs. Adipocyte hypertrophy characterizes visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot expansion, as well as ectopic lipid deposition that occurs diffusely in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. PLWH with excess visceral adipose tissue exhibit adipokine dysregulation coupled with increased insulin resistance, heightening their risk for cardiovascular disease above that of the HIV-negative population. However, conventional therapies are ineffective for the management of cardiometabolic risk in this patient population. Although the knowledge of complex cardiometabolic comorbidities in PLWH continues to expand, significant knowledge gaps remain. Ongoing studies aimed at understanding interorgan communication and energy balance provide insights into metabolic observations in PLWH and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Our review focuses on current knowledge and recent advances in HIV-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, highlights emerging adipokine paradigms, and describes critical mechanistic and clinical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Ramirez Bustamante
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Kozawa S, Tejima K, Takagi S, Kuroda M, Nogami-Itoh M, Kitamura H, Niwa T, Ogura T, Natsume-Kitatani Y, Sato TN. Latent inter-organ mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis unveiled by a generative computational approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21981. [PMID: 38081956 PMCID: PMC10713585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by complex lung pathogenesis affecting approximately three million people worldwide. While the molecular and cellular details of the IPF mechanism is emerging, our current understanding is centered around the lung itself. On the other hand, many human diseases are the products of complex multi-organ interactions. Hence, we postulate that a dysfunctional crosstalk of the lung with other organs plays a causative role in the onset, progression and/or complications of IPF. In this study, we employed a generative computational approach to identify such inter-organ mechanism of IPF. This approach found unexpected molecular relatedness of IPF to neoplasm, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, as a potential mechanism underlying this relatedness, we uncovered a putative molecular crosstalk system across the lung and the liver. In this inter-organ system, a secreted protein, kininogen 1, from hepatocytes in the liver interacts with its receptor, bradykinin receptor B1 in the lung. This ligand-receptor interaction across the liver and the lung leads to the activation of calmodulin pathways in the lung, leading to the activation of interleukin 6 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 pathway across these organs. Importantly, we retrospectively identified several pre-clinical and clinical evidence supporting this inter-organ mechanism of IPF. In conclusion, such feedforward and feedback loop system across the lung and the liver provides a unique opportunity for the development of the treatment and/or diagnosis of IPF. Furthermore, the result illustrates a generative computational framework for machine-mediated synthesis of mechanisms that facilitates and complements the traditional experimental approaches in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kozawa
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Tejima
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunki Takagi
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuroda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Nogami-Itoh
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yayoi Natsume-Kitatani
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Thomas N Sato
- Karydo TherapeutiX, Inc., 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan.
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan.
- V-iCliniX Laboratory, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
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Evenepoel P, Stenvinkel P, Shanahan C, Pacifici R. Inflammation and gut dysbiosis as drivers of CKD-MBD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:646-657. [PMID: 37488276 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Two decades ago, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes coined the term chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) to describe the syndrome of biochemical, bone and extra-skeletal calcification abnormalities that occur in patients with CKD. CKD-MBD is a prevalent complication and contributes to the excessively high burden of fractures and cardiovascular disease, loss of quality of life and premature mortality in patients with CKD. Thus far, therapy has focused primarily on phosphate retention, abnormal vitamin D metabolism and parathyroid hormone disturbances, but these strategies have largely proved unsuccessful, thus calling for paradigm-shifting concepts and innovative therapeutic approaches. Interorgan crosstalk is increasingly acknowledged to have an important role in health and disease. Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests a role for both the immune system and the gut microbiome in bone and vascular biology. Gut dysbiosis, compromised gut epithelial barrier and immune cell dysfunction are prominent features of the uraemic milieu. These alterations might contribute to the inflammatory state observed in CKD and could have a central role in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD. The emerging fields of osteoimmunology and osteomicrobiology add another level of complexity to the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD, but also create novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Evenepoel
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine M99, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory Microbiome Research Center, and Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Basu S, Verma RN, Joshi A, Dwivedi D, Mateen MA, Bhatia JS. A prospective observational study to correlate lung ultrasound with clinical severity and prognosis score in patients with primary pulmonary pathology on invasive ventilatory support. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2023; 13:151-158. [PMID: 38292395 PMCID: PMC10824203 DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_31_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a known imaging modality employed for monitoring patients in an intensive care unit. This study evaluates, LUS in assessing disease severity and prognosis, by correlating its score with the three commonly used clinical severity scoring systems (CSSS), namely, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, and simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II. Methods This single-center prospective observational study included 54 adult patients of primary lung disease-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), on invasive ventilation. The primary objective was to correlate LUS score with SOFA score. Secondary objectives were to correlate LUS score with APACHE II and SAPS II scores. LUS score was also correlated with the estimated mortality derived from the above-mentioned scores. A subgroup analysis on COVID-19-positive cases was also carried out. All scores were calculated on the initiation of mechanical ventilation, daily for 7 days or mortality, whichever was earlier. Results A significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) was found between LUS and all three severity scores, as well as their corresponding estimated mortality percentages, for all days of the study period, in both non-COVID-19 ARDS patients and in COVID-19 patients. The merit of all four scores in differentiating between the survivor and mortality group for the duration of study also showed significant (P < 0.05) to very significant (P < 0.001) results. Conclusion Point-of-care LUS in conjunction with CSSS is a reliable tool for assessing the severity and progression of primary lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Basu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rishiraj Narayan Verma
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Joshi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepak Dwivedi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Abdul Mateen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh Bhatia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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