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Krzisch M, Yuan B, Chen W, Osaki T, Fu D, Garrett-Engele CM, Svoboda DS, Andrykovich KR, Gallagher MD, Sur M, Jaenisch R. The A53T mutation in α-synuclein enhances pro-inflammatory activation in human microglia upon inflammatory stimulus. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01459-8. [PMID: 39029776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, following Alzheimer's. It is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein into Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the brain. Microglia-driven neuroinflammation may contribute to neuronal death in PD, however the exact role of microglia remains unclear and has been understudied. The A53T mutation in the gene coding for α-synuclein has been linked to early-onset PD, and exposure to A53T-mutant human α-synuclein increases the potential for inflammation of murine microglia. To date, its effect has not been studied in human microglia. METHODS Here, we used 2-dimensional cultures of human iPSC-derived microglia and transplantation of these cells into the mouse brain to assess the cell-autonomous effects of the A53T mutation on human microglia. RESULTS We found that A53T-mutant human microglia had an intrinsically increased propensity towards pro-inflammatory activation upon inflammatory stimulus. Additionally, transplanted A53T mutant microglia showed a strong decrease in catalase expression in non-inflammatory conditions, and increased oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that A53T mutant human microglia display cell-autonomous phenotypes that may worsen neuronal damage in early-onset PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Krzisch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Tatsuya Osaki
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dongdong Fu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Devon S Svoboda
- Shoreline Biosciences Inc., 10220 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kristin R Andrykovich
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michael D Gallagher
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Mriganka Sur
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Wang Q, Gu Y, Chen J, Liu X, Xie C, Wang X. Bioinformatics gene analysis for potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of Parkinson's disease based on neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1388226. [PMID: 38882525 PMCID: PMC11178047 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1388226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide key innate immune mechanisms, and studies have shown innate immunity and adaptive immunity are directly linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. However, limited research has been conducted on NETs in the context of PD. Methods A differential analysis was implemented to acquire differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PD and control as well as between high- and low-score groups determined by a gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Then, the genes within the critical module, obtained through a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), were intersected with the DEGs to identify the overlapping genes. Then, five kinds of algorithms in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) were performed to identify potential biomarkers. Subsequently, a nomogram for forecasting PD probability was created. An enrichment analysis and an immune infiltration analysis were performed on the identified biomarkers. qRT-PCR was performed to validate the expression trends of three biomarkers. Results We revealed 798 DEGs between PD and control groups as well as 168 DEGs between high- and low-score groups obtained by differential analyses. The pink module containing 926 genes was identified as the critical module. According to the intersection of these gene sets, a total of 43 overlapping genes were screened out. Furthermore, GPR78, CADM3, and CACNA1E were confirmed as biomarkers. Moreover, we found that biomarkers mainly participated in pathways, such as the 'hydrogen peroxide catabolic process', and 'cell cycle'; five kinds of differential immune cells between PD and control groups were identified. Finally, the qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated the up-regulation of GPR78, CADM3, and CACNA1E in the PD group. Discussion Our study authenticated GPR78, CADM3, and CACNA1E as the biomarkers associated with PD. These findings provide an original reference for the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youquan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Chengdu shi Longquanyi qu Diyi Renmin Yiyuan: The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Jomova K, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1323-1367. [PMID: 38483584 PMCID: PMC11303474 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production and elimination is termed oxidative stress, a critical factor and common denominator of many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), and other disorders. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, organisms have evolved a complex, three-line antioxidant defense system. The first-line defense mechanism is the most efficient and involves antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This line of defense plays an irreplaceable role in the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal of superoxide radicals by SOD prevents the formation of the much more damaging peroxynitrite ONOO- (O2•- + NO• → ONOO-) and maintains the physiologically relevant level of nitric oxide (NO•), an important molecule in neurotransmission, inflammation, and vasodilation. The second-line antioxidant defense pathway involves exogenous diet-derived small-molecule antioxidants. The third-line antioxidant defense is ensured by the repair or removal of oxidized proteins and other biomolecules by a variety of enzyme systems. This review briefly discusses the endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH, xanthine oxidase (XO), Fenton reaction) and exogenous (e.g., smoking, radiation, drugs, pollution) sources of ROS (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite). Attention has been given to the first-line antioxidant defense system provided by SOD, CAT, and GPx. The chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes, enzyme-related diseases (cancer, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and neurological diseases), and the role of enzymes (e.g., GPx4) in cellular processes such as ferroptosis are discussed. Potential therapeutic applications of enzyme mimics and recent progress in metal-based (copper, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, cerium) and nonmetal (carbon)-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (nanozymes) are also discussed. Moreover, attention has been given to the mechanisms of action of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, anthocyanins, epicatechin), and glutathione (GSH)), the activation of transcription factors such as Nrf2, and the protection against chronic diseases. Given that there is a discrepancy between preclinical and clinical studies, approaches that may result in greater pharmacological and clinical success of low-molecular-weight antioxidant therapies are also subject to discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Ramos-Campo DJ, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Martinez-Guardado I, Dalamitros AA, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2488. [PMID: 37760929 PMCID: PMC10526226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating apoptosis, and controlling redox signaling. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various brain diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and psychiatric illnesses. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between mitochondria and brain disease, focusing on the underlying pathological mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic opportunities. The review covers key topics such as mitochondrial DNA mutations, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dynamics, calcium dysregulation, and reactive oxygen species generation in the context of brain disease. Additionally, it discusses emerging strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial protective agents, metabolic modulators, and gene therapy approaches. By critically analysing the existing literature and recent advancements, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the multifaceted role of mitochondria in brain disease and shed light on novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Group de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Psychology Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | | | - Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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Tahavvori A, Gargari MK, Yazdani Y, Mamalo AS, Beilankouhi EAV, Valilo M. Involvement of antioxidant enzymes in Parkinson's disease. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154757. [PMID: 37598566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Similar to many other diseases, the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is multifactorial and includes both genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to pesticides and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, mainly in electron transporter complexes 1 and 2 in the inner mitochondrial membrane, are two primary environmental risk factors for this disease. Increased accumulation of ROS and oxidative stress (OS) trigger a series of reactions that can lead to the aggregation of misfolded proteins, DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis, which may adversely affect cell function. These processes cause diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and PD. As indicated in previous studies, ROS is considered a critical regulator in the progression of PD. The human body contains several antioxidant molecules, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, bilirubin, and uric acid, as well as antioxidant enzymes including paraoxonase (PON), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Therefore, based on the canonical function of the antioxidant enzymes in PD, In the present review, we attempted to examine the function of antioxidant enzymes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tahavvori
- M, D, Internal Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morad Kohandel Gargari
- Imamreza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Yazdani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Soleimani Mamalo
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Urmia, Iran.
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7
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Krzisch M, Yuan B, Chen W, Osaki T, Fu D, Garrett-Engele C, Svoboda D, Andrykovich K, Sur M, Jaenisch R. The A53T mutation in α-synuclein enhances pro-inflammatory activation in human microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.29.555300. [PMID: 37693409 PMCID: PMC10491251 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.29.555300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein into Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the brain. Microglia-driven neuroinflammation may contribute to neuronal death in PD, however the exact role of microglia remains unclear and has been understudied. The A53T mutation in the gene coding for α-synuclein has been linked to early-onset PD, and exposure to A53T-mutant human α-synuclein increases the potential for inflammation of murine microglia. To date, its effect has not been studied in human microglia. Here, we used 2-dimensional cultures of human iPSC-derived microglia and transplantation of these cells into the mouse brain to assess the effects of the A53T mutation on human microglia. We found that A53T-mutant human microglia had an intrinsically increased propensity towards pro-inflammatory activation upon inflammatory stimulus. Additionally, A53T mutant microglia showed a strong decrease in catalase expression in non-inflammatory conditions, and increased oxidative stress. Our results indicate that A53T mutant human microglia display cell-autonomous phenotypes that may worsen neuronal damage in early-onset PD.
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8
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Feng Z, Huang Q, Zhang X, Xu P, Li S, Ma D, Meng Q. PPAR-γ Activation Alleviates Osteoarthritis through Both the Nrf2/NLRP3 and PGC-1α/Δψm Pathways by Inhibiting Pyroptosis. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:2523536. [PMID: 37020714 PMCID: PMC10070030 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2523536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease with a gradually increasing morbidity in the aging and obese population. Emerging evidence has implicated pyroptosis in the etiology of OA and it may be recognized as a therapeutic target in OA. We have previously reported regarding another disease that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor containing protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome. However, the relationship between PPAR-γ and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in OA cartilage and its underlying mechanisms is fully unclear. In this study, we found that the level of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in severe lateral femoral condyle cartilage wear in the knee of an OA patient was significantly higher than that in the mild lateral femoral condyle cartilage wear areas. Moreover, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced primary chondrocytes and knee OA rat models, we demonstrated that activation of PPAR-γ by pioglitazone (Piog) attenuated LPS/ATP-induced chondrocyte pyroptosis and arthritis. These effects were partially counteracted by either blocking the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2)/NLRP3 or PGC1-α/Δψm signaling pathway. Simultaneous depression of these two signaling pathways can completely abrogate the protective effects of Piog on OA and chondrocytes. Taken together, Piog protects OA cartilage against pyroptosis-induced damage by simultaneously activating both the Nrf2/NLRP3 and PGC-1α/Δψm pathways, which enhances antioxidative and anti-inflammatory responses as well as mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, Piog may be a promising agent for human OA cartilage damage in future clinical treatments.
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da Cruz Guedes E, Erustes AG, Leão AHFF, Carneiro CA, Abílio VC, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Bincoletto C, Smaili SS, Reckziegel P, Pereira GJS. Cannabidiol Recovers Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage Induced by Reserpine or α-synuclein in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03905-z. [PMID: 36964823 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson Disease (PD) lack curative or long-term treatments. At the same time, the increase of the worldwide elderly population and, consequently, the extension in the prevalence of age-related diseases have promoted research interest in neurodegenerative disorders. Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode widely used as an animal model in studies of human diseases. Here we evaluated cannabidiol (CBD) as a possible neuroprotective compound in PD using the C. elegans models exposed to reserpine. Our results demonstrated that CBD reversed the reserpine-induced locomotor alterations and this response was independent of the NPR-19 receptors, an orthologous receptor for central cannabinoid receptor type 1. Morphological alterations of cephalic sensilla (CEP) dopaminergic neurons indicated that CBD also protects neurons from reserpine-induced degeneration. That is, CBD attenuates the reserpine-induced increase of worms with shrunken soma and dendrites loss, increasing the number of worms with intact CEP neurons. Finally, we found that CBD also reduced ROS formation and α-syn protein accumulation in mutant worms. Our findings collectively provide new evidence that CBD acts as neuroprotector in dopaminergic neurons, reducing neurotoxicity and α-syn accumulation highlighting its potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika da Cruz Guedes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Anderson H F F Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - César Alves Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
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PPARs and Their Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson's Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in α-Synucleinopathy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043264. [PMID: 36834679 PMCID: PMC9963164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common α-synucleinopathy worldwide. The pathognomonic hallmark of PD is the misfolding and propagation of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, observed in post-mortem histopathology. It has been hypothesized that α-synucleinopathy triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, leading to neurodegeneration. To this date, there are no disease-modifying drugs that generate neuroprotection against these neuropathological events and especially against α-synucleinopathy. Growing evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists confer neuroprotective effects in PD, however, whether they also confer an anti-α-synucleinopathy effect is unknown. Here we analyze the reported therapeutic effects of PPARs, specifically the gamma isoform (PPARγ), in preclinical PD animal models and clinical trials for PD, and we suggest possible anti-α-synucleinopathy mechanisms acting downstream from these receptors. Elucidating the neuroprotective mechanisms of PPARs through preclinical models that mimic PD as closely as possible will facilitate the execution of better clinical trials for disease-modifying drugs in PD.
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Mahoney-Sanchez L, Bouchaoui H, Boussaad I, Jonneaux A, Timmerman K, Berdeaux O, Ayton S, Krüger R, Duce JA, Devos D, Devedjian JC. Alpha synuclein determines ferroptosis sensitivity in dopaminergic neurons via modulation of ether-phospholipid membrane composition. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111231. [PMID: 36001957 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a continued unmet need for treatments that can slow Parkinson's disease progression due to the lack of understanding behind the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Since its discovery, ferroptosis has been implicated in several diseases and represents a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. Here, we use two highly relevant human dopaminergic neuronal models to show that endogenous levels of α-synuclein can determine the sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to ferroptosis. We show that reducing α-synuclein expression in dopaminergic neurons leads to ferroptosis evasion, while elevated α-synuclein expression in patients' small-molecule-derived neuronal precursor cells with SNCA triplication causes an increased vulnerability to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Lipid profiling reveals that ferroptosis resistance is due to a reduction in ether-linked phospholipids, required for ferroptosis, in neurons depleted of α-synuclein (α-syn). These results provide a molecular mechanism linking α-syn levels to the sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to ferroptosis, suggesting potential therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mahoney-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1772, Lille University Hospital, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Hind Bouchaoui
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1772, Lille University Hospital, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Jonneaux
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1772, Lille University Hospital, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Kelly Timmerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1772, Lille University Hospital, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Lipid-Aroma Platform, Centre des Sciences Du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; Parkinson Reserch Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1210 Luxembourg (Belair), Luxembourg
| | - James A Duce
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1772, Lille University Hospital, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Devedjian
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM UMRS_1772, Lille University Hospital, LICEND COEN Centre, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France; Université Du Litoral Côte D'Opale, 1, Place de l'Yser, Dunkerque Cedex, France
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12
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Shandilya S, Kumar S, Kumar Jha N, Kumar Kesari K, Ruokolainen J. Interplay of gut microbiota and oxidative stress: Perspective on neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. J Adv Res 2022; 38:223-244. [PMID: 35572407 PMCID: PMC9091761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research on the implications of gut microbiota on brain functions has helped to gather important information on the relationship between them. Pathogenesis of neurological disorders is found to be associated with dysregulation of gut-brain axis. Some gut bacteria metabolites are found to be directly associated with the increase in reactive oxygen species levels, one of the most important risk factors of neurodegeneration. Besides their morbid association, gut bacteria metabolites are also found to play a significant role in reducing the onset of these life-threatening brain disorders. Aim of Review Studies done in the recent past raises two most important link between gut microbiota and the brain: "gut microbiota-oxidative stress-neurodegeneration" and gut microbiota-antioxidant-neuroprotection. This review aims to gives a deep insight to our readers, of the collective studies done, focusing on the gut microbiota mediated oxidative stress involved in neurodegeneration along with a focus on those studies showing the involvement of gut microbiota and their metabolites in neuroprotection. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review is focused on three main key concepts. Firstly, the mounting evidences from clinical and preclinical arenas shows the influence of gut microbiota mediated oxidative stress resulting in dysfunctional neurological processes. Therefore, we describe the potential role of gut microbiota influencing the vulnerability of brain to oxidative stress, and a budding causative in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Secondly, contributing roles of gut microbiota has been observed in attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation via its own metabolites or by producing secondary metabolites and, also modulation in gut microbiota population with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory probiotics have shown promising neuro resilience. Thirdly, high throughput in silico tools and databases also gives a correlation of gut microbiome, their metabolites and brain health, thus providing fascinating perspective and promising new avenues for therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shandilya
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, International Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Haryana, India
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, Helsinki 00180, Finland
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot no. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | | | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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13
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Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Choi HG. The Occurrence of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease in Individuals With Osteoporosis: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Database in Korea. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:786337. [PMID: 34955816 PMCID: PMC8692765 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.786337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Public health concerns regarding the potential link between osteoporosis and the increased occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been raised, but the results remain inconsistent and require further validation. Here, we investigated the long-term relationship of osteoporosis with the occurrence of AD/PD using data from a large-scale nationwide cohort. Methods: This longitudinal follow-up study included 78,994 patients with osteoporosis and 78,994 controls from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002–2015) who were matched using propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, income, and residential area. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association between osteoporosis and the occurrence of AD/PD after adjusting for multiple covariates. Results: During the follow-up period, AD occurred in 5,856 patients with osteoporosis and 3,761 controls (incidence rates: 10.4 and 6.8 per 1,000 person-years, respectively), and PD occurred in 1,397 patients and 790 controls (incidence rates: 2.4 and 1.4 per 1,000 person-years, respectively). The incidences of AD and PD were significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than in the matched control group. After adjustment, the osteoporosis group exhibited 1.27-fold and 1.49-fold higher occurrences of AD (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–1.32) and PD (95% CI = 1.36–1.63) than the controls, respectively. The results of subgroup analyses supported the increased occurrence of AD and PD in patients with osteoporosis, independent of income, residential area, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or blood glucose level. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the presence of osteoporosis may increase the likelihood of developing two common neurodegenerative diseases in adults aged ≥40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kwon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Sook Nam
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
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14
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TAT for Enzyme/Protein Delivery to Restore or Destroy Cell Activity in Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090924. [PMID: 34575072 PMCID: PMC8466028 DOI: 10.3390/life11090924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated in the recent decades to find novel protein/enzyme-based therapies for human diseases, the major challenge of such therapies being the intracellular delivery and reaching sub-cellular organelles. One promising approach is the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for delivering enzymes/proteins into cells. In this review, we describe the potential therapeutic usages of CPPs (mainly trans-activator of transcription protein, TAT) in enabling the uptake of biologically active proteins/enzymes needed in cases of protein/enzyme deficiency, concentrating on mitochondrial diseases and on the import of enzymes or peptides in order to destroy pathogenic cells, focusing on cancer cells.
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15
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Chen TC, Chao HR, Wu CY, Lai YR, Chen CH, Yoshioka T, Hsu WL, Tsai MH. Effect of 9,12-Octadecadiynoic Acid on Neurobehavioral Development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168917. [PMID: 34445623 PMCID: PMC8396327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk lipids have major beneficial effects: they promote infant early brain development, growth and health. To identify the relationship between human breast milk lipids and infant neurodevelopment, multivariate analyses that combined lipidomics and psychological Bayley-III scales evaluation were utilized. We identified that 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid has a significantly positive correlation with infant adaptive behavioral development, which is a crucial neurodevelopment to manage risk from environmental stress. To further clarify the biological function of 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid in regulating neurodevelopment, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model to investigate the effect of 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid on neurobehavioral development. Supplementation with 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid from the L1 to L4 stage in larvae affected locomotive behaviors and foraging ability that were not socially interactive, implying that 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid is involved in regulating the serotonergic neuronal ability. We found that supplementary 0.1 μM 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid accelerated the locomotive ability and foraging ability via increasing the expression of serotonin transporter mod-1. Antioxidant defense genes, sod-1, sod-3 and cyp-35A2 are involved in 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid-induced motor neuronal activity. Nevertheless, supplementary 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid at concentrations above 1 μM significantly attenuated locomotive behaviors, foraging ability, serotonin synthesis, serotonin-related gene expressions and stress-related gene expression, resulting in the decreased longevity of worms in the experiment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the biological function of 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid in governing adaptive behavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan;
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No 261, Wenhua 1st Rd, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Lai
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- New York Heart Research Foundation, 200 Old Country Road, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoshioka
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.-L.H.); (M.-H.T.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Child Care, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-L.H.); (M.-H.T.)
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16
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Roles for α-Synuclein in Gene Expression. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081166. [PMID: 34440340 PMCID: PMC8393936 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a small cytosolic protein associated with a range of cellular compartments, including synaptic vesicles, the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. In addition to its physiological role in regulating presynaptic function, the protein plays a central role in both sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) via a gain-of-function mechanism. Because of this, several recent strategies propose to decrease α-Syn levels in PD patients. While these therapies may offer breakthroughs in PD management, the normal functions of α-Syn and potential side effects of its depletion require careful evaluation. Here, we review recent evidence on physiological and pathological roles of α-Syn in regulating activity-dependent signal transduction and gene expression pathways that play fundamental role in synaptic plasticity.
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17
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Deb R, Joshi N, Nagotu S. Peroxisomes of the Brain: Distribution, Functions, and Associated Diseases. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:986-1006. [PMID: 33400183 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are versatile cell organelles that exhibit a repertoire of organism and cell-type dependent functions. The presence of oxidases and antioxidant enzymes is a characteristic feature of these organelles. The role of peroxisomes in various cell types in human health and disease is under investigation. Defects in the biogenesis of the organelle and its function lead to severe debilitating disorders. In this manuscript, we discuss the distribution and functions of peroxisomes in the nervous system and especially in the brain cells. The important peroxisomal functions in these cells and their role in the pathology of associated disorders such as neurodegeneration are highlighted in recent studies. Although the cause of the pathogenesis of these disorders is still not clearly understood, emerging evidence supports a crucial role of peroxisomes. In this review, we discuss research highlighting the role of peroxisomes in brain development and its function. We also provide an overview of the major findings in recent years that highlight the role of peroxisome dysfunction in various associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Neha Joshi
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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18
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Lee KH, Cha M, Lee BH. Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197152. [PMID: 32998277 PMCID: PMC7582347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea;
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1711
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19
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Davidi D, Schechter M, Elhadi SA, Matatov A, Nathanson L, Sharon R. α-Synuclein Translocates to the Nucleus to Activate Retinoic-Acid-Dependent Gene Transcription. iScience 2020; 23:100910. [PMID: 32120069 PMCID: PMC7052517 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). It is primarily cytosolic and interacts with cell membranes. α-Syn also occurs in the nucleus. Here we investigated the mechanisms involved in nuclear translocation of α-Syn. We analyzed alterations in gene expression following induced α-Syn expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Analysis of upstream regulators pointed at alterations in transcription activity of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and additional nuclear receptors. We show that α-Syn binds RA and translocates to the nucleus to selectively enhance gene transcription. Nuclear translocation of α-Syn is regulated by calreticulin and is leptomycin-B independent. Importantly, nuclear translocation of α-Syn following RA treatment enhances its toxicity in cultured neurons and the expression levels of PD-associated genes, including ATPase cation transporting 13A2 (ATP13A2) and PTEN-induced kinase1 (PINK1). The results link a physiological role for α-Syn in the regulation of RA-mediated gene transcription and its toxicity in the synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Davidi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meir Schechter
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suaad Abd Elhadi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adar Matatov
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ronit Sharon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, 9112001 Jerusalem, Israel.
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20
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Fransen M, Revenco I, Li H, Costa CF, Lismont C, Van Veldhoven PP. Peroxisomal Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Bidirectional Crosstalk. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1299:19-30. [PMID: 33417204 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are multifunctional organelles best known for their role in cellular lipid and hydrogen peroxide metabolism. In this chapter, we review and discuss the diverse functions of this organelle in brain physiology and neurodegeneration, with a particular focus on oxidative stress. We first briefly summarize what is known about the various nexuses among peroxisomes, the central nervous system, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative disease. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay among peroxisomes, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration in patients suffering from primary peroxisomal disorders. Particular examples that are discussed include the prototypic Zellweger spectrum disorders and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, the most prevalent peroxisomal disorder. Thereafter, we elaborate on secondary peroxisome dysfunction in more common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, we highlight some issues and challenges that need to be addressed to progress towards therapies and prevention strategies preserving, normalizing, or improving peroxisome activity in patients suffering from neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fransen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Iulia Revenco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cláudio F Costa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celien Lismont
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Role of Catalase in Oxidative Stress- and Age-Associated Degenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9613090. [PMID: 31827713 PMCID: PMC6885225 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9613090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species produced in the cell during normal cellular metabolism can chemically react with cellular biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, thereby causing their oxidative modifications leading to alterations in their compositions and potential damage to their cellular activities. Fortunately, cells have evolved several antioxidant defense mechanisms (as metabolites, vitamins, and enzymes) to neutralize or mitigate the harmful effect of reactive species and/or their byproducts. Any perturbation in the balance in the level of antioxidants and the reactive species results in a physiological condition called “oxidative stress.” A catalase is one of the crucial antioxidant enzymes that mitigates oxidative stress to a considerable extent by destroying cellular hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen. Deficiency or malfunction of catalase is postulated to be related to the pathogenesis of many age-associated degenerative diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, vitiligo, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, and schizophrenia. Therefore, efforts are being undertaken in many laboratories to explore its use as a potential drug for the treatment of such diseases. This paper describes the direct and indirect involvement of deficiency and/or modification of catalase in the pathogenesis of some important diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vitiligo, and acatalasemia. Details on the efforts exploring the potential treatment of these diseases using a catalase as a protein therapeutic agent have also been described.
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22
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Eo H, Kwon Y, Huh E, Sim Y, Choi JG, Jeong JS, Du XF, Soh HY, Hong SP, Kim Pak Y, Oh MS. Protective effects of DA-9805 on dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in the models of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109184. [PMID: 31387167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the elderly population rapidly growing, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is quickly increasing because neurodegenerative disorders are usually late-onset. Herbal medicines and formula are adjuvant therapies of conventional PD agents, which result in serious side effects with long-term use. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of DA-9805, a standardized herbal formula that consists of an ethanolic extract of Moutan Cortex Radix, Angelica Dahuricae Radix, and Bupleuri Radix against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In PC12 cells, DA-9805 at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/mL ameliorated cell viability, which was reduced by 6-OHDA. In addition, DA-9805 activated the extracellular-regulated kinase-nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, subsequently stimulating antioxidative enzymes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and catalase and suppressing apoptosis. Furthermore, DA-9805 prevented 6-OHDA-induced movement impairment, as well as a decrease of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine transmission in rodents. Taken together, these results suggest that the mixed herbal formula DA-9805 may be a pharmaceutical agent for preventing or improving PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science of Meridian, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomoon Sim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Jeong
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Fei Du
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Soh
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Olsen AL, Feany MB. Glial α-synuclein promotes neurodegeneration characterized by a distinct transcriptional program in vivo. Glia 2019; 67:1933-1957. [PMID: 31267577 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized pathologically by α-synuclein inclusions in neurons and glia. The pathologic contribution of glial α-synuclein in these diseases is not well understood. Glial α-synuclein may be of particular importance in multiple system atrophy (MSA), which is defined pathologically by glial cytoplasmic α-synuclein inclusions. We have previously described Drosophila models of neuronal α-synucleinopathy, which recapitulate key features of the human disorders. We have now expanded our model to express human α-synuclein in glia. We demonstrate that expression of α-synuclein in glia alone results in α-synuclein aggregation, death of dopaminergic neurons, impaired locomotor function, and autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, co-expression of α-synuclein in both neurons and glia worsens these phenotypes as compared to expression of α-synuclein in neurons alone. We identify unique transcriptomic signatures induced by glial as opposed to neuronal α-synuclein. These results suggest that glial α-synuclein may contribute to the burden of pathology in the α-synucleinopathies through a cell type-specific transcriptional program. This new Drosophila model system enables further mechanistic studies dissecting the contribution of glial and neuronal α-synuclein in vivo, potentially shedding light on mechanisms of disease that are especially relevant in MSA but also the α-synucleinopathies more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Olsen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mel B Feany
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Kita-Tomihara T, Sato S, Yamasaki S, Ueno Y, Kimura G, Ketema RM, Kawahara T, Kurasaki M, Saito T. Polyphenol-enriched azuki bean ( Vina angularis) extract reduces the oxidative stress and prevents DNA oxidation in the hearts of streptozotocin-induced early diabetic rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:845-855. [PMID: 30775937 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1576598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the changes in the heart of rats at the early stages of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, and whether azuki bean extract (ABE) could influence these changes. The experimental diabetic rats received 0 or 40 mg/kg of ABE orally for 4 weeks, whereas the control group rats received distilled water. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and expression of proteins associated with peroxisomal FA β-oxidation as well as oxidative stress markers were examined. The levels of peroxisomal ACOX1 and catalase of the diabetic groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The levels of p62, phosphorylated-p62 (p-p62) and HO-1 in the STZ group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the levels of p-p62, HO-1, and 8-OHdG were significantly lower by ABE administration. The STZ-induced early diabetes increases the levels of proteins related to peroxisomal FA β-oxidation and oxidative stress markers in hearts. ABE protects diabetic hearts from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare , Aomori , Japan
| | - Shojiro Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yukako Ueno
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Goh Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Rahel M Ketema
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Tae Kawahara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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25
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Ketogenic diet regulates the antioxidant catalase via the transcription factor PPARγ2. Epilepsy Res 2018; 147:71-74. [PMID: 30261354 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously found that the transcription factor PPARγ2 contributes to the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet (KD), an established treatment for pediatric refractory epilepsy. Among the wide-array of genes regulated by PPARγ, previous studies have suggested that antioxidants such as catalase may have prominent roles in KD neuroprotective and antiseizure effects. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the KD increases catalase through activation of PPARγ2, and that this action is part of the mechanism of antiseizure efficacy of the KD. We determined catalase mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal tissue from epileptic Kcna1-/- mice, Pparγ2+/+ mice and Pparγ2-/- mice. We found that a KD increases hippocampal catalase expression in Kcna1-/- and Pparγ2+/+ mice, but not Pparγ2-/- mice. Next, we determined whether catalase contributes to KD seizure protection. We found that the KD reduces pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures; however, pretreatment with a catalase inhibitor occluded KD effects on PTZ seizures. These results suggest that the KD regulates catalase expression through PPARγ2 activation, and that catalase may contribute to the KD antiseizure efficacy.
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26
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Moutinho M, Codocedo JF, Puntambekar SS, Landreth GE. Nuclear Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lost in Translation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 59:237-261. [PMID: 30208281 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons that leads to a broad range of disabilities, including severe cognitive decline and motor impairment, for which there are no effective therapies. Several lines of evidence support a putative therapeutic role of nuclear receptors (NRs) in these types of disorders. NRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of genes linked to metabolism and inflammation. Although the activation of NRs in animal models of neurodegenerative disease exhibits promising results, the translation of this strategy to clinical practice has been unsuccessful. In this review we discuss the role of NRs in neurodegenerative diseases in light of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as new findings derived from the analysis of transcriptomic databases from humans and animal models. We discuss the failure in the translation of NR-based therapeutic approaches and consider alternative and novel research avenues in the development of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moutinho
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA;
| | - Juan F Codocedo
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA;
| | - Shweta S Puntambekar
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA;
| | - Gary E Landreth
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA;
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27
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Elucidation of the mechanism of changes in the antioxidant function with the aging in the liver of the senescence-accelerated mouse P10 (SAMP10). Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:46-53. [PMID: 29477336 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-accelerated mice are known to display a variety of deficits and signs of accelerated aging, but the specific mechanisms involved in this process are still unclear. In this study, we examined the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors responsible for the regulation of expression of these enzymes, and mitochondrial proteins in the liver of SAMP10 and SAMR1 mice at 3 and 12 months of age using western blotting analysis. To investigate the amount of oxidative damage to DNA, levels of 8-OHdG were measured in the liver of these mice. At 3 months of age, the levels of catalase, Mn-SOD, GPx, UQCRC2 and COXIV were significantly upregulated in SAMP10 mice compared with that in SAMR1 mice. However, NDUFS3 levels were not significantly different at this young age. In contrast, the expression level of catalase was significantly lower, and the levels of phosphorylated FoxO-1a and UQCRC2 were significantly higher in SAMP10 mice compared to those in SAMR1 mice; however, at 12 months of age, there were no significant differences in Mn-SOD, GPx, total -FoxO-1a, COXIV, and NDUFS3 expression between the two groups of mice. The levels of 8-OHdG in the liver were markedly higher in 12-month-old SAMP10 mice than those in 3-month-old SAMP10 and SAMR1 mice. These results suggest that an increase in number of mitochondria or a collapse in the balance between the levels of complexes I and III results in an increase in the amount of ROS and induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of SAMP10 mice at 3 months of age. Although young SAMP10 mice produce a large amount of ROS, they also produce suitable levels of antioxidant enzymes that decompose ROS; consequently accelerated aging does not occur in young SAMP10 mice. In addition to excessive ROS production which is an important cause of aging, the level of catalase was significantly lower in SAMP10 than that in SAMR1 mice. These results suggested that overexpression of ROS and a decrease in the levels of catalase resulted in the accelerated aging observed in older SAMP10 mice. Moreover, the level of phosphorylated FoxO-1a was increased in SAMP10 compared to that in SAMR1 mice though the total amount of FoxO-1a was not significantly different between the two groups in old age. These results suggest that some impairment in the regulation mechanism of FoxO-1a phosphorylation is responsible for abnormal catalase expression and that a significant decrease in the level of catalase with aging decisively affects the metabolic balance of ROS; thus, ROS that cannot be metabolized contributes to the accelerated aging of SAMP10 mice.
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28
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Jęśko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Adamczyk A. Treatments and compositions targeting α-synuclein: a patent review (2010-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:427-438. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1261112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Lenkiewicz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Padovani D, Hessani A, Castillo FT, Liot G, Andriamihaja M, Lan A, Pilati C, Blachier F, Sen S, Galardon E, Artaud I. Sulfheme formation during homocysteine S-oxygenation by catalase in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13386. [PMID: 27848965 PMCID: PMC5116089 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal levels of homocysteine are associated with vascular dysfunctions, cancer cell proliferation and various neurodegenerative diseases. With respect to the latter, a perturbation of transition metal homeostasis and an inhibition of catalase bioactivity have been reported. Herein, we report on some of the molecular bases for the cellular toxicity of homocysteine and demonstrate that it induces the formation of sulfcatalase, an irreversible inactive state of the enzyme, without the intervention of hydrogen sulfide. Initially, homocysteine reacts with native catalase and/or redox-active transition metal ions to generate thiyl radicals that mediate compound II formation, a temporarily inactive state of the enzyme. Then, the ferryl centre of compound II intervenes into the unprecedented S-oxygenation of homocysteine to engender the corresponding sulfenic acid species that further participates into the prosthetic heme modification through the formation of an unusual Fe(II) sulfonium. In addition, our ex cellulo studies performed on cancer cells, models of neurodegenerative diseases and ulcerative colitis suggest the likelihood of this scenario in a subset of cancer cells, as well as in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Our findings expand the repertoire of heme modifications promoted by biological compounds and point out another deleterious trait of disturbed homocysteine levels that could participate in the aetiology of these diseases. High levels of homocysteine in cells are linked to pathological states. Here, the authors report that homocysteine inactivates catalase by modifying the heme group, impairing cellular redox homeostasis, and show that this modification occurs in cancer cells and in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Padovani
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Assia Hessani
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Francine T Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Géraldine Liot
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, UMR9199, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, MIRCen, I2BM, DRF, 18 route du Panorama, B.P. 6, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Mireille Andriamihaja
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC 5014, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Erwan Galardon
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Isabelle Artaud
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
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30
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Simeone TA, Matthews SA, Samson KK, Simeone KA. Regulation of brain PPARgamma2 contributes to ketogenic diet anti-seizure efficacy. Exp Neurol 2016; 287:54-64. [PMID: 27527983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective therapy primarily used in pediatric patients whom are refractory to current anti-seizure medications. The mechanism of the KD is not completely understood, but is thought to involve anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant processes. The nutritionally-regulated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPARγ, regulates genes involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pathways. Moreover, endogenous ligands of PPARγ include fatty acids suggesting a potential role in the effects of the KD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PPARγ contributes to the anti-seizure efficacy of the KD. We found that the KD increased nuclear protein content of the PPARγ2 splice variant by 2-4 fold (P<0.05) in brain homogenates from wild-type (WT) and epileptic Kv1.1 knockout (KO) mice, while not affecting PPARγ1. The KD reduced the frequency of seizures in Kv1.1KO mice by ~70% (P<0.01). GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, prevented KD-mediated changes in PPARγ2 expression and prevented the anti-seizure efficacy of the KD in Kv1.1KO mice. Further supporting the association of PPARγ2 in mediating KD actions, the KD significantly prolonged the latency to flurothyl-induced seizure in WT mice by ~20-35% (P<0.01), but was ineffective in PPARγ2KO mice and neuron-specific PPARγKO mice. Finally, administering the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone increased PPARγ2 expression by 2-fold (P<0.01) and reduced seizures in Kv1.1KO mice by ~80% (P<0.01). Our findings implicate brain PPARγ2 among the mechanisms by which the KD reduces seizures and strongly support the development of PPARγ2 as a therapeutic target for severe, refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Simeone
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Matthews
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA
| | - Kaeli K Samson
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA
| | - Kristina A Simeone
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA
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31
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Fourcade S, Ferrer I, Pujol A. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial and proteostasis malfunction in adrenoleukodystrophy: A paradigm for axonal degeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:18-29. [PMID: 26073123 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomal and mitochondrial malfunction, which are highly intertwined through redox regulation, in combination with defective proteostasis, are hallmarks of the most prevalent multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases-including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)-and of the aging process, and are also found in inherited conditions. Here we review the interplay between oxidative stress and axonal degeneration, taking as groundwork recent findings on pathomechanisms of the peroxisomal neurometabolic disease adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). We explore the impact of chronic redox imbalance caused by the excess of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) on mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, and discuss how this impairs protein quality control mechanisms essential for neural cell survival, such as the proteasome and autophagy systems. As consequence, prime molecular targets in the pathogenetic cascade emerge, such as the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis of mitochondrial biogenesis, and the inhibitor of autophagy mTOR. Thus, we propose that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants; mitochondrial biogenesis boosters such as the antidiabetic pioglitazone and the SIRT1 ligand resveratrol; and the autophagy activator temsirolimus, a derivative of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, hold promise as disease-modifying therapies for X-ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Institut of Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U759, ISCIII, Spain.
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institut of Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Institut of Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U759, ISCIII, Spain; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Catalonia, Spain.
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32
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Glorieux C, Zamocky M, Sandoval JM, Verrax J, Calderon PB. Regulation of catalase expression in healthy and cancerous cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:84-97. [PMID: 26117330 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme that dismutates hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. The catalase gene has all the characteristics of a housekeeping gene (no TATA box, no initiator element sequence, high GC content in promoter) and a core promoter that is highly conserved among species. We demonstrate in this review that within this core promoter, the presence of DNA binding sites for transcription factors, such as NF-Y and Sp1, plays an essential role in the positive regulation of catalase expression. Additional transcription factors, such as FoxO3a, are also involved in this regulatory process. There is strong evidence that the protein Akt/PKB in the PI3K signaling pathway plays a major role in the expression of catalase by modulating the activity of FoxO3a. Over the past decade, other transcription factors (PPARγ, Oct-1, etc.), as well as genetic, epigenetic, and posttranscriptional processes, have emerged as crucial contributors to the regulation of catalase expression. Altered expression levels of catalase have been reported in cancer tissues compared to their normal counterparts. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that regulate catalase expression could, therefore, be of crucial importance for the future development of pro-oxidant cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcel Zamocky
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juan Marcelo Sandoval
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Verrax
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, 1100000 Iquique, Chile.
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