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Lin Q, Dorsett Y, Mirza A, Tremlett H, Piccio L, Longbrake EE, Choileain SN, Hafler DA, Cox LM, Weiner HL, Yamamura T, Chen K, Wu Y, Zhou Y. Meta-analysis identifies common gut microbiota associated with multiple sclerosis. Genome Med 2024; 16:94. [PMID: 39085949 PMCID: PMC11293023 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified a diverse group of microbial taxa that differ between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the healthy population. However, interpreting findings on MS-associated microbiota is challenging, as there is no true consensus. It is unclear whether there is gut microbiota commonly altered in MS across studies. METHODS To answer this, we performed a meta-analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from seven geographically and technically diverse studies comprising a total of 524 adult subjects (257 MS and 267 healthy controls). Analysis was conducted for each individual study after reprocessing the data and also by combining all data together. The blocked Wilcoxon rank-sum test and linear mixed-effects regression were used to identify differences in microbial composition and diversity between MS and healthy controls. Network analysis was conducted to identify bacterial correlations. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the robustness of the findings. RESULTS The microbiome community structure was significantly different between studies. Re-analysis of data from individual studies revealed a lower relative abundance of Prevotella in MS across studies, compared to controls. Meta-analysis found that although alpha and beta diversity did not differ between MS and controls, a higher abundance of Actinomyces and a lower abundance of Faecalibacterium were reproducibly associated with MS. Additionally, network analysis revealed that the recognized negative Bacteroides-Prevotella correlation in controls was disrupted in patients with MS. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis identified common gut microbiota associated with MS across geographically and technically diverse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqi Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ali Mirza
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin E Longbrake
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Siobhan Ni Choileain
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Mirza AI, Zhu F, Knox N, Black LJ, Daly A, Bonner C, Van Domselaar G, Bernstein CN, Marrie RA, Hart J, Yeh EA, Bar-Or A, O'Mahony J, Zhao Y, Hsiao W, Banwell B, Waubant E, Tremlett H. Mediterranean diet and associations with the gut microbiota and pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis using trivariate analysis. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:148. [PMID: 39030379 PMCID: PMC11271616 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between diet and the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood. We aimed to assess the interrelationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and MS. METHODS We conducted a case-control study including 95 participants (44 pediatric-onset MS cases, 51 unaffected controls) enrolled from the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Network study. All had completed a food frequency questionnaire ≤21-years of age, and 59 also provided a stool sample. RESULTS Here we show that a 1-point increase in a Mediterranean diet score is associated with 37% reduced MS odds (95%CI: 10%-53%). Higher fiber and iron intakes are also associated with reduced MS odds. Diet, not MS, explains inter-individual gut microbiota variation. Several gut microbes abundances are associated with both the Mediterranean diet score and having MS, and these microbes are potential mediators of the protective associations of a healthier diet. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the potential interaction between diet and the gut microbiota is relevant in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Mirza
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Knox
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison Daly
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christine Bonner
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janace Hart
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Ann Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia O'Mahony
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yinshan Zhao
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William Hsiao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Brenda Banwell
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Division of Child Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Li H, Zhang H, Hua W, Liu H, Zhang B, Dong H, Liu J, Zhou Y, Yang P, Jing M. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and functional outcomes after ischemic stroke: A comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107814. [PMID: 38880364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of the genetic predisposition of specific gut microbiotas with the clinical outcome of ischemic stroke. METHODS We leveraged publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The gut microbiota-related GWAS data from 18,340 individuals from the international consortium MiBioGen was used. The summary data for functional outcomes after ischemic stroke was obtained from the Genetics of Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcome (GISCOME) network meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were judged by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The principal analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR method. The Cochran's Q test, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, leave-one-SNP-out analysis, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum, and Outlier methods were adopted as sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we performed bi-directional MR analysis and the MR Steiger directionality test to examine the direction of the causal relations. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the genetic predisposition of genus Lactococcus, genus Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, family Peptostreptococcaceae, and genus Odoribacter was positively associated with favorable functional outcome after ischemic stroke. Genus Collinsella, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG005, genus Akkermansia, genus Eubacterium oxidoreducens group, and family Verrucomicrobiaceae were identified to be associated with worse functional outcomes after ischemic stroke. Our results showed no evidence of heterogeneity, directional pleiotropic effects, or collider bias, and the sensitivity of our analysis was acceptable. CONCLUSION The genetic predisposition of different gut microbiotas was associated with the clinical outcome of ischemic stroke. Microbiota adjustment was a promising method to improve the clinical outcome of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Emergency Department, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Neurovascular Center, Naval Medical University Changhai hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Emergency Department, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Hua
- Neurovascular Center, Naval Medical University Changhai hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Naval Medical University Changhai hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Emergency Department, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Emergency Department, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Naval Medical University Changhai hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Neurovascular Center, Naval Medical University Changhai hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Emergency Department, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mei Jing
- Neurovascular Center, Naval Medical University Changhai hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Sun D, Zhang Y, Wang R, Du Q, Shi Z, Chen H, Wang X, Zhou H. Causal effects of gut microbiota on multiple sclerosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3593. [PMID: 38898610 PMCID: PMC11186842 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been reported in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal is unclear. OBJECTIVE We performed a Mendelian randomization study (MR) to assess the causal effects of gut microbiota on MS. METHODS Independent genetic variants associated with 211 gut microbiota phenotypes were selected as instrumental variables from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) previously published by the MiBioGen study. GWAS data for MS were obtained from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC) for primary analysis and the FinnGen consortium for replication and collaborative analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. RESULTS After inverse-variance-weighted and sensitivity analysis filtering, seven gut microbiota with potential causal effects on MS were identified from the IMSGC. Only five metabolites remained significant associations with MS when combined with the FinnGen consortium, including genus Anaerofilum id.2053 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.141, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.021-1.276, p = .021), Ruminococcus2 id.11374 (OR = 1.190, 95% CI: 1.007-1.406, p = .042), Ruminococcaceae UCG003 id.11361 (OR = 0.822, 95% CI: 0.688-0.982, p = .031), Ruminiclostridium5 id.11355 (OR = 0.724, 95% CI: 0.585-0.895, p = .003), Anaerotruncus id.2054 (OR = 0.772, 95% CI: 0.634-0.940, p = .010). CONCLUSION Our MR analysis reveals a potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and MS, offering promising avenues for advancing mechanistic understanding and clinical investigation of microbiota-mediated MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongren Sun
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qin Du
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ziyan Shi
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hongxi Chen
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Schumacher SM, Doyle WJ, Hill K, Ochoa-Repáraz J. Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38817090 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease marked by a host immune reaction that targets and destroys the neuronal myelin sheath. MS and correlating animal disease models show comorbidities, including intestinal barrier disruption and alterations of the commensal microbiome. It is accepted that diet plays a crucial role in shaping the microbiota composition and overall gastrointestinal (GI) tract health, suggesting an interplay between nutrition and neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. Unfortunately, poor host health and diet lead to microbiota modifications that could lead to significant responses in the host, including inflammation and neurobehavioral changes. Beneficial microbial metabolites are essential for host homeostasis and inflammation control. This review will highlight the importance of the gut microbiota in the context of host inflammatory responses in MS and MS animal models. Additionally, microbial community restoration and how it affects MS and GI barrier integrity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, ID, USA
| | - Kristina Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, ID, USA
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Cataruci ACS, Kawamoto D, Shimabukuro N, Ishikawa KH, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Ribeiro RA, Nicastro GG, Albuquerque-Souza E, de Souza RF, Mayer MPA. Oral Administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 Prevents Alveolar Bone Loss and Alters Oral and Gut Microbiomes in a Murine Periodontitis Experimental Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1057. [PMID: 38930439 PMCID: PMC11205731 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory response triggered by dysbiosis. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 (LA5) may impair microbial colonization and alter the host. Thus, we evaluated the effect of LA5 on alveolar bone loss in a periodontitis murine model and investigated its effect on the oral and gut microbiomes. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus gordonii were inoculated in C57BL/6 mice (P+), with LA5 (L+). SHAM infected controls (P- and/or L- groups) were also evaluated. After 45 days, alveolar bone loss in the maxilla and oral and gut microbiomes were determined. The administration of LA5 controlled the microbial consortium-induced alveolar bone loss. Periodontopathogens infection resulted in shifts in the oral and gut microbiomes consistent with dysbiosis, and LA5 reshaped these changes. The oral microbiome of P+L- group showed the increased abundance of Enterococaccea, Streptoccocaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae, which were attenuated by the administration of LA5 to the infected group (P+L+). The administration of LA5 to otherwise non-infected mice resulted in the increased abundance of the superphylum Patescibacteria and the family Saccharamonadaceae in the gut. These data indicate L. acidophilus LA5 as a candidate probiotic for the control of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia C. S. Cataruci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Natali Shimabukuro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin H. Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Rodolfo A. Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Gianlucca G. Nicastro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Emanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Robson F. de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
| | - Marcia P. A. Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.C.); (D.K.); (N.S.); (K.H.I.); (R.A.R.); (G.G.N.); (E.A.-S.); (R.F.d.S.); (M.P.A.M.)
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Wei X, Liang J, Liu J, Dai Y, Leng X, Cheng Y, Chi L. Anchang Yuyang Decoction inhibits experimental colitis-related carcinogenesis by regulating PPAR signaling pathway and affecting metabolic homeostasis of host and microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117995. [PMID: 38428656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents a risk of carcinogenesis, which escalates with the duration of IBD. Persistent histological inflammation is considered to be the driving factor of colitis carcinogenesis. Effective control of inflammation is helpful to prevent and treat colitis-related colorectal cancer (CAC). Anchang Yuyang Decoction (AYD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is originated from the ancient prescription of TCM for treating colitis and colorectal cancer. AYD has demonstrated efficacy in treating IBD and potential anti-carcinogenic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aims to assess the therapeutic efficacy of AYD in ameliorating experimental colitis-related carcinogenesis induced by AOM/DSS. It further seeks to elucidate its potential mechanisms by integrating multiple omics sequencing approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model for colitis-related carcinogenesis was developed using azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). UPLC-MS identified AYD's chemical constituents. Rats were administered varying doses of AYD (18.37, 9.19 and 4.59 g/kg) orally for 53 days, with mesalazine as a positive control. The study evaluated anti-carcinogenic effects by examining adenoma number, adenoma load, abnormal crypt foci (ACF), histopathological damage, and tumor-related protein expression. Anti-inflammatory and reparative effects were assessed through body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, spleen index, inflammatory cytokine levels, and tight junction protein expression. The effects on intestinal microbiota and host metabolism were explored through 16S rRNA sequencing, targeted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabonomics, and non-targeted colon metabolomics. Potential AYD targets were identified through transcriptomic sequencing and validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS AYD significantly reduced adenoma number, adenoma load, neoplasm-associated lesions, ACF, and tumor-related protein expression (e.g., p53, PCNA) in AOM/DSS-induced rats, thus impeding colitis-related carcinogenesis progression. AYD also alleviated histopathological damage and inflammation, promoting intestinal mucosal barrier repair. Furthermore, AYD modulated intestinal flora structure, enhanced SCFA production, and regulated colon metabolites. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed a significant impact on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Subsequent qRT-PCR and western blotting experiments indicated AYD's influence in up-regulating PPAR-γ and down-regulating PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and related proteins (thrombomodulin [Thbd], fatty acid binding protein 5 [Fabp5], stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 [Scd2], phospholipid transfer protein [Pltp]). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates AYD's ability to inhibit experimental colitis-related carcinogenesis induced by AOM/DSS. Its mechanism likely involves modulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, impacting intestinal microbiota and host metabolic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Wei
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Junwei Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yonggang Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiaohui Leng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Lili Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Bali P, Lal P, Sivapuram MS, Kutikuppala LVS, Avti P, Chanana A, Kumar S, Anand A. Mind over Microbes: Investigating the Interplay between Lifestyle Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Health. Neuroepidemiology 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38531341 DOI: 10.1159/000538416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota (GM) of the human body comprises several species of microorganisms. This microorganism plays a significant role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of various human diseases. METHODS The literature review includes studies that describe causative factors that influence GM. The GM is sensitive to various factors like circadian rhythms, environmental agents, physical activity, nutrition, and hygiene that together impact the functioning and composition of the gut microbiome. This affects the health of the host, including the psycho-neural aspects, due to the interconnectivity between the brain and the gut. Hence, this paper examines the relationship of GM with neurodegenerative disorders in the context of these aforesaid factors. CONCLUSION Future studies that identify the regulatory pathways associated with gut microbes can provide a causal link between brain degeneration and the gut at a molecular level. Together, this review could be helpful in designing preventive and treatment strategies aimed at GM, so that neurodegenerative diseases can be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Bali
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Parth Lal
- Advance Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhava Sai Sivapuram
- Department of General Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Peda Avutapalli, India
| | | | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Saurabh Kumar
- CCRYN-Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- CCRYN-Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Centre for Cognitive Science and Phenomenology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Kong Q, Chen X, Liu Y, Ali F, Idrees A, Ataya FS, Shang Z, Li K. Sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate diarrhea in yak calves by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26564. [PMID: 38439875 PMCID: PMC10909669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is a severe issue in calves that causes fertility problems and economic issues worldwide. Sodium acetate/sodium butyrate (SA/SB) alleviates diarrhea in mice; however, little information is available about the preventive effect of SA/SB on diarrheic yak calves living on the Tibet plateau. Yak calves (n = 19) of age ≥4 months and weight 37 ± 2 Kg were randomly divided into control (C, n = 10) and supplement groups (S, n = 9). Yaks belonging to the supplement group were given sodium butyrate (10 g/kg) and sodium acetate (5 g/kg) for 28 days, along with normal feed, seasonal grasses, pasture, and water. The blood and fecal samples from yak calves were collected for assessment of antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, microbiome, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration analysis. Results of this study revealed that a lower diarrhea rate, higher weight, and net weight gain were recorded in yaks belonging to group S supplemented with SA/SB. Similarly, increased antioxidant capacity with higher levels of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-px and decreased inflammatory reactions by decreasing both TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were recorded in yaks of group S. The concentration of SCFAs was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in yaks from group S than group C. Microbiome analysis revealed that 8 phyla and 54 genera were significantly different (p < 0.05) in both yak groups, with increased probiotics (Akkermansia, Oscillospira), SCFAs producing genera (Oscillospira, ASF356, Anaerosporobacter and Phascolarctobacterium), and decreased inflammatory related genus (Flavonifractor, Fournierella) and harmful bacteria (Oscillibacter, Achromobacter) in group S. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that SA and SB could decrease diarrhea rates in yak calves on the plateau via increasing antioxidant ability and SCFAs, while decreasing inflammatory responses in yaks by moderating gut microbiota. The current results provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine in Tibet, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Xiushuang Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Farah Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Asif Idrees
- KBCMA, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenda Shang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine in Tibet, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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10
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Tsai CC, Jette S, Tremlett H. Disease-modifying therapies used to treat multiple sclerosis and the gut microbiome: a systematic review. J Neurol 2024; 271:1108-1123. [PMID: 38078977 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its relationship with the disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) remains unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine the relationship between DMTs and the gut microbiota among persons with MS (pwMS). METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched (01/2007-09/2022) for studies evaluating potential gut microbiota differences in diversity, taxonomic relative abundances, and functional capacity between DMT-exposed/unexposed pwMS or before/after DMT initiation. All US FDA-approved MS DMTs (1993-09/2022) and rituximab were included. RESULTS Of the 410 studies, 11 were included, totalling 1243 pwMS. Of these, 821 were DMT exposed and 473 unexposed, including 51 assessed before/after DMT initiation. DMT use duration ranged from 14 days to > 6 months. No study found a difference in gut microbiota alpha-diversity between DMT exposed/unexposed (p > 0.05). One study observed a difference in beta-diversity between interferon-beta users/DMT non-users (weighted UniFrac, p = 0.006). All studies examined taxa-level differences, but most (6) combined different DMTs. Two or more studies reported eight genera (Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Haemophilus, Megasphaera, Pseudomonas, Ruminiclostridium 5, Turicibacter) and one species (Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans) differing in the same direction between DMT exposed/unexposed. DMT users had lower relative abundances of carbohydrate degradation and reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle I pathway than non-users (p < 0.05), but findings could not be attributed to a specific DMT. DISCUSSION While DMT use (versus no use) was not associated with gut microbiota diversity differences, taxa-level differences were observed. Further work is warranted, as most studies were cross-sectional, few examined functionality, and DMTs were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Tsai
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Room S126, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sophia Jette
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Room S126, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Room S126, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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11
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Zhu F, Zhao Y, Arnold DL, Bar‐Or A, Bernstein CN, Bonner C, Graham M, Hart J, Knox N, Marrie RA, Mirza AI, O'Mahony J, Van Domselaar G, Yeh EA, Banwell B, Waubant E, Tremlett H. A cross-sectional study of MRI features and the gut microbiome in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:486-496. [PMID: 38130033 PMCID: PMC10863907 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify gut microbiome features associated with MRI lesion burden in persons with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (symptom onset <18 years). METHODS A cross-sectional study involving the Canadian Paediatric Demyelinating Disease Network study participants. Gut microbiome features (alpha diversity, phylum- and genus-level taxa) were derived using 16S rRNA sequencing from stool samples. T1- and T2-weighted lesion volumes were measured on brain MRI obtained within 6 months of stool sample procurement. Associations between the gut microbiota and MRI metrics (cube-root-transformed) were assessed using standard and Lasso regression models. RESULTS Thirty-four participants were included; mean ages at symptom onset and MRI were 15.1 and 19.0 years, respectively, and 79% were female. The T1- and T2-weighted lesion volumes were not significantly associated with alpha diversity (age and sex-adjusted p > 0.08). At the phylum level, high Tenericutes (relative abundance) was associated with higher T1 and T2 volumes (β coefficient = 0.25, 0.37) and high Firmicutes, Patescibacteria or Actinobacteria with lower lesion volumes (β coefficient = -0.30 to -0.07). At the genus level, high Ruminiclostridium, whereas low Coprococcus 3 and low Erysipelatoclostridium were associated with higher lesion volumes. INTERPRETATION Our study characterized the gut microbiota features associated with MRI lesion burden in pediatric-onset MS, shedding light onto possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Neurology)The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Yinshan Zhao
- Department of Medicine (Neurology)The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Douglas L. Arnold
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Faculty of MedicineMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Amit Bar‐Or
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research CentreUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Christine Bonner
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Morag Graham
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Janace Hart
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalie Knox
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ali I. Mirza
- Department of Medicine (Neurology)The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Julia O'Mahony
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - E. Ann Yeh
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Faculty of MedicineMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Brenda Banwell
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Department of Medicine (Neurology)The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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12
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Schoeps VA, Zhou X, Horton MK, Zhu F, McCauley KE, Nasr Z, Virupakshaiah A, Gorman MP, Benson LA, Weinstock‐Guttman B, Waldman A, Banwell BL, Bar‐Or A, Marrie RA, van Domselaar G, O'Mahony J, Mirza AI, Bernstein CN, Yeh EA, Casper TC, Lynch SV, Tremlett H, Baranzini S, Waubant E. Short-chain fatty acid producers in the gut are associated with pediatric multiple sclerosis onset. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:169-184. [PMID: 37955284 PMCID: PMC10791026 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between multiple sclerosis and the gut microbiome has been supported by animal models in which commensal microbes are required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, observational study findings in humans have only occasionally converged when comparing multiple sclerosis cases and controls which may in part reflect confounding by comorbidities and disease duration. The study of microbiome in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis offers unique opportunities as it is closer to biological disease onset and minimizes confounding by comorbidities and environmental exposures. METHODS A multicenter case-control study in which 35 pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis cases were 1:1 matched to healthy controls on age, sex, self-reported race, ethnicity, and recruiting site. Linear mixed effects models, weighted correlation network analyses, and PICRUSt2 were used to identify microbial co-occurrence networks and for predicting functional abundances based on marker gene sequences. RESULTS Two microbial co-occurrence networks (one reaching significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons; q < 0.2) were identified, suggesting interdependent bacterial taxa that exhibited association with disease status. Both networks indicated a potentially protective effect of higher relative abundance of bacteria observed in these clusters. Functional predictions from the significant network suggested a contribution of short-chain fatty acid producers through anaerobic fermentation pathways in healthy controls. Consistent family-level findings from an independent Canadian-US study (19 case/control pairs) included Ruminococaccaeae and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05). Macronutrient intake was not significantly different between cases and controls, minimizing the potential for dietary confounding. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that short-chain fatty acid producers may be important contributors to multiple sclerosis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius A. Schoeps
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary K. Horton
- Division of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Kathryn E. McCauley
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Akash Virupakshaiah
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark P. Gorman
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leslie A. Benson
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Amy Waldman
- Department of NeurologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brenda L. Banwell
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amit Bar‐Or
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Gary van Domselaar
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Julia O'Mahony
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ali I. Mirza
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - E. Ann Yeh
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sergio Baranzini
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Yusuf FLA, Zhu F, Evans C, Fisk JD, Zhao Y, Marrie RA, Tremlett H. Gastrointestinal conditions in the multiple sclerosis prodrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:185-193. [PMID: 38115680 PMCID: PMC10791028 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate gastrointestinal (GI)-related physician visits and drug dispensations in the 5 years preceding a first recorded demyelinating event or multiple sclerosis (MS) onset. METHODS Using linked administrative and clinical data from British Columbia (1996-2013), Canada, we identified an administrative cohort via a validated algorithm (n = 6863), a clinical cohort diagnosed at a MS clinic (n = 966), and matched controls (administrative cohort: n = 31,865; clinical cohort: n = 4534). In each cohort, the 5 years before a first demyelinating event or MS symptom onset (i.e., index date) were examined. We compared rates of GI-related physician visits and risk of ≥1 GI-related dispensation between MS cases and controls using negative binomial and robust Poisson models. Sex differences were tested using interaction terms. RESULTS The administrative cohort MS cases had higher rates of physician visits related to gastritis and duodenitis (adjusted rate/risk ratio (aRR):1.42, 95% CI: 1.10-1.83) and diseases of the esophagus (aRR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-2.02) prior to the index date. MS cases also had greater risk of at least one dispensation for several drug classes, including constipation-related (aRR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.50-2.22), antiemetics/antinauseants (aRR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.43-1.89), and propulsives (promotility drugs; aRR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.47-1.79). Men had a disproportionally higher relative risk for propulsives than women (aRR: men = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.79-3.00; women = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.36-1.72). Several findings were similar in the smaller clinical cohort though none reached statistical significance. INTERPRETATION GI-related physician visits and drug dispensations were more common in the 5 years before the first demyelinating event versus matched controls. GI symptoms are a measurable feature of the prodromal or early phase of MS, with a sex difference evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardowsa L. A. Yusuf
- Medicine (Neurology), the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British Columbia2211 Wesbrook MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 2B5Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia2206 East MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z3Canada
| | - Feng Zhu
- Medicine (Neurology), the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British Columbia2211 Wesbrook MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 2B5Canada
| | - Charity Evans
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan2A20.4 Health Sciences Bldg, 107 Wiggins AveSaskatoonSaskatchewanS7N 5E5Canada
| | - John D. Fisk
- Nova Scotia Health and the Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, and MedicineDalhousie University4066 A.J. Lane Memorial Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial LaneHalifaxNova ScotiaB3H 2E2Canada
| | - Yinshan Zhao
- Medicine (Neurology), the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British Columbia2211 Wesbrook MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 2B5Canada
| | - Ruth A. Marrie
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences CentreMax Rady College of Medicine, University of ManitobaGF543, 820 Sherbrook StreetWinnipegManitobaR3A 1R9Canada
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Medicine (Neurology), the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British Columbia2211 Wesbrook MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 2B5Canada
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14
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Mehrabani S, Rastkar M, Ebrahimi N, Ghajarzadeh M. Microbiomes and Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review. AIMS Neurosci 2023; 10:423-432. [PMID: 38188004 PMCID: PMC10767065 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiomes play a role in developing and regulating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We designed this systematic review to summarize the evidence of the effect of gut microbiota in developing pediatric-onset MS. Methods PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, references of the references and conference abstracts were comprehensively searched by two independent researchers. The search was done on January 1st, 2023. Data regarding the total number of patients, the name of the first author, publication year, country of origin, mean age, duration of the disease, body mass index (BMI), type of MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), age at disease onset and stool composition were extracted. Results A literature search revealed 4237 published studies. After removing duplicates, we had 2045 records for evaluation. Twenty-three full texts were evaluated, and four case-control studies remained for systematic review. Three studies were conducted in the United States and one in the Netherlands. The number of participants in included studies ranged between 24 and 68. The mean age of patients at the time of study varied between 11.9 and 17.9 years, and the mean age at the onset of the disease ranged between 11.5 and 14.3 years. Most included patients were female. The results show that median richness (the number of unique taxa identified, which was provided by two studies) was higher in controls, and also Margalef index, which was reported by one study was higher in control group than the case group. The results of two studies also demonstrated that median evenness indexes (taxon distribution, Shannon, Simpson) were higher in control groups, as well as PD index (Faith's phylogenic diversity metric). Conclusion The result of this systematic review (including four studies) showed disruption of the microbiota-immune balance in pediatric-onset MS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mehrabani
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastkar
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Multiple sclerosis research group (MSRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Multiple sclerosis research group (MSRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Isfahan university of medical science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
- Multiple sclerosis research group (MSRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Li R, Fu R, Cui ZQ, Guo L, Chen YH, Bai J, Yang JB, Tan QR, Peng ZW. Effects of low-frequency rTMS combined with risperidone on the gut microbiome in hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. Brain Res 2023; 1819:148539. [PMID: 37598899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in treating schizophrenia (SCH). However, the effects of the low frequency of rTMS combined with antipsychotics on the gut microbiome in chronic SCH have been poorly investigated. In the present study, psychiatric symptoms were assessed and the stool samples obtained from 33 adult patients with chronic SCH (at baselinephase), 27 after 2 weeks of treatment (rTMS combined with risperidone, SCH-2W), and 37 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the reduction of phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae and genera Escherichia-Shigella as well as the increase of genera norank_f_Lachnospiraceae might be related to the antipsychotic effect of rTMS combined with risperidone. These findings indicate that the brain-gut-microbiota axis might be involved in the therapeutic effect of rTMS combined with antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Jia-Bin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China; Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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16
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Bruijstens AL, Molenaar S, Wong YYM, Kraaij R, Neuteboom RF. Gut microbiota analysis in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis compared to pediatric monophasic demyelinating syndromes and pediatric controls. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3507-3515. [PMID: 36209482 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gut microbiota dysbiosis may lead to proinflammatory conditions contributing to multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology. Pediatric-onset MS patients are close to biological disease onset and less exposed to confounders. Therefore, this study investigated gut microbiota composition and functional pathways in pediatric-onset MS, compared to monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (mADS) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Pediatric participants were selected from the Dutch national prospective cohort study including ADS patients and HCs <18 years old. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generated from sequencing the V3/4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional MetaCyc microbial pathways were predicted based on Enzyme Commission numbers. Gut microbiota composition (alpha/beta diversity and individual microbe abundance at ASV to phylum level) and predicted functional pathways were tested using nonparametric tests, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and linear regression. RESULTS Twenty-six pediatric-onset MS (24 with disease-modifying therapy [DMT]), 25 mADS, and 24 HC subjects were included. Alpha/beta diversity, abundance of individual resident microbes, and microbial functional features were not different between these participant groups. Body mass index (BMI) showed significant differences, with obese children having a lower alpha diversity (Chao1 Index p = 0.015, Shannon/Simpson Diversity Index p = 0.014/p = 0.023), divergent beta diversity (R2 = 3.7%, p = 0.013), and higher abundance of numerous individual resident microbes and functional microbial pathways. CONCLUSIONS Previous results of gut microbiota composition and predicted functional features could not be validated in this Dutch pediatric-onset MS cohort using a more sensitive 16S pipeline, although it was limited by sample size and DMT use. Notably, several other host-related factors were found to associate with gut microbiota variation, especially BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette L Bruijstens
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandy Molenaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yu Yi M Wong
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rinze F Neuteboom
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Liu H, Zhen F, Wu D, Wang Z, Kong X, Li Y, Xing T, Sun Y. Co-production of lactate and volatile fatty acids through repeated-batch fermentation of fruit and vegetable waste: Effect of cycle time and replacement ratio. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129678. [PMID: 37579859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, repeated-batch fermentation was used to convert fruit and vegetable waste to lactate and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which are essential carbon sources for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production. The effect of cycle time and replacement ratio on acidification in long-term fermentation was investigated. The results showed that they had a significant impact on product yield, productivity, and type of products. Considering the yield, productivity, and lactate/VFAs ratio, a replacement ratio of 30% and a cycle time of 2 d may be more suitable for further production of MCFAs. Its productivity and lactate/VFAs ratio were 4.07 ± 0.24 g/(L·d) and 5 ± 0.6, respectively. The lactic acid bacteria, such as Enterococcus (63%) and Lactobacillus (33%), stabilized in the reactor, resulting in the generation of both lactate and VFAs by heterolactic fermentation. The present study demonstrated a new strategy with the potential to recover high-value products from organic waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Di Wu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoying Kong
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tao Xing
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yongming Sun
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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18
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Yan W, Jiang M, Hu W, Zhan X, Liu Y, Zhou J, Ji J, Wang S, Tai J. Causality Investigation between Gut Microbiota, Derived Metabolites, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4544. [PMID: 37960197 PMCID: PMC10648878 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have highlighted the important associations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and gut microbiota and related metabolites. Nevertheless, the establishment of causal relationships between these associations remains to be determined. Multiple mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to genetically predict the causative impact of 196 gut microbiota and 83 metabolites on OSA. Two-sample MR was used to assess the potential association, and causality was evaluated using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) methods. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was employed to ascertain the causal independence between gut microbiota and the metabolites linked to OSA. Additionally, Cochran's Q test, the MR Egger intercept test and the MR Steiger test were used for the sensitivity analyses. The analysis of the 196 gut microbiota revealed that genus_Ruminococcaceae (UCG009) (PIVW = 0.010) and genus_Subdoligranulum (PIVW = 0.041) were associated with an increased risk of OSA onset. Conversely, Family_Ruminococcaceae (PIVW = 0.030), genus_Coprococcus2 (PWM = 0.025), genus_Eggerthella (PIVW = 0.011), and genus_Eubacterium (xylanophilum_group) (PIVW = 0.001) were negatively related to the risk of OSA. Among the 83 metabolites evaluated, 3-dehydrocarnitine, epiandrosterone sulfate, and leucine were determined to be potential independent risk factors associated with OSA. Moreover, the reverse MR analysis demonstrated a suggestive association between OSA exposure and six microbiota taxa. This study offers compelling evidence regarding the potential beneficial or detrimental causative impact of the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites on OSA risk, thereby providing new insights into the mechanisms of gut microbiome-mediated OSA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China; (W.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (W.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (W.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (W.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China; (W.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Ji
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China;
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (W.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
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19
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Liu L, Chen X, Zhang C, Deng J, Xiao H, Rao Y. Lactiplantibacillus biofilm and planktonic cells ameliorate ulcerative colitis in mice via immunoregulatory activity, gut metabolism and microbiota modulation. Food Funct 2023; 14:9181-9193. [PMID: 37772319 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02733c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Since ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global concern, Lactiplantibacillus is considered an effective, safe strategy for alleviating intestinal inflammation in UC patients. The most advanced fourth-generation probiotics involve beneficial bacteria enclosed in biofilms with multiple advantages. However, the difference between the effect of probiotic biofilm and planktonic cells on UC remains unclear. This study indicated that the biofilm cells of Lactiplantibacillus LR-1 were more successful in increasing the colon length, relieving intestinal inflammation, and repairing colon damage, regulating the host immunity than the planktonic cells. Furthermore, the LR-1 biofilm cells helped prevent a decline in the Eubacterium hallii and Salinimicrobium levels and increased Kocuria and Candidatus Bacilloplasma abundance. Untargeted metabolomics analysis results suggested that the LR-1 biofilm was more successful in promoting the intestinal metabolism recovery of the UC mice than the planktonic cells. Finally, the phenotype-microbiota-metabolism network was conducted to reveal the relationship between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Chengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Jia Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
| | - Yu Rao
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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20
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Nitzan Z, Staun-Ram E, Volkowich A, Miller A. Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Gut Microbiome in the Israeli Diverse Populations: Associations with Ethnicity, Gender, Disability Status, Vitamin D Levels, and Mediterranean Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15024. [PMID: 37834472 PMCID: PMC10573818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome dysbiosis is increasingly being recognized as implicated in immune-mediated disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). The microbiome is modulated by genetic and environmental factors including lifestyle, diet, and drug intake. This study aimed to characterize the MS-associated gut microbiome in the Israeli populations and to identify associations with demographic, dietary, and clinical features. The microbiota from 57 treatment-naive patients with MS (PwMS) and 43 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) was sequenced and abundance compared. Associations between differential microbes with demographic or clinical characteristics, as well as diet and nutrient intake, were assessed. While there was no difference in α- or β-diversity of the microbiome, we identified 40 microbes from different taxonomic levels that differ in abundance between PwMS and HCs, including Barnesiella, Collinsella, Egerthella, Mitsuokella, Olsenella Romboutsia, and Succinivibrio, all enhanced in PwMS, while several members of Lacnospira were reduced. Additional MS-differential microbes specific to ethnicity were identified. Several MS-specific microbial patterns were associated with gender, vitamin D level, Mediterranean diet, nutrient intake, or disability status. Thus, PwMS have altered microbiota composition, with distinctive patterns related to geographic locations and population. Microbiome dysbiosis seem to be implicated in disease progression, gender-related differences, and vitamin D-mediated immunological effects recognized in MS. Dietary interventions may be beneficial in restoring a "healthy microbiota" as part of applying comprehensive personalized therapeutic strategies for PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehavit Nitzan
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel (E.S.-R.)
| | - Elsebeth Staun-Ram
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel (E.S.-R.)
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Anat Volkowich
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Ariel Miller
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel (E.S.-R.)
- Neuroimmunology Unit & Multiple Sclerosis Center, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
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21
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Song C, Zhang T, Xu D, Zhu M, Mei S, Zhou B, Wang K, Chen C, Zhu E, Cheng Z. Impact of feeding dried distillers' grains with solubles diet on microbiome and metabolome of ruminal and cecal contents in Guanling yellow cattle. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171563. [PMID: 37789852 PMCID: PMC10543695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) are rich in nutrients, and partially alternative feeding of DDGS effectively reduces cost of feed and improves animals' growth. We used 16S rDNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics to explore the effect of feeding cattle with a basal diet (BD) and a Jiang-flavor DDGS diet (replaces 25% concentrate of the diet) on microbiome and metabolome of ruminal and cecal contents in Guanling yellow cattle. The results showed that the ruminal and cecal contents shared the same dominance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in two groups. The ruminal dominant genera were Prevotella_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010; and the cecal dominant genera were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis (LDA > 2, P < 0.05) revealed the significantly differential bacteria enriched in the DDGS group, including Ruminococcaceae_UCG_012, Prevotellaceae_UCG_004 and Anaerococcus in the ruminal contents, which was associated with degradation of plant polysaccharides. Besides, Anaerosporobacter, Anaerovibrio, and Caproiciproducens in the cecal contents were involved in fatty acid metabolism. Compared with the BD group, 20 significantly different metabolites obtained in the ruminal contents of DDGS group were down-regulated (P < 0.05), and based on them, 4 significantly different metabolic pathways (P < 0.05) were enriched including "Linoleic acid metabolism," "Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids," "Taste transduction," and "Carbohydrate digestion and absorption." There were 65 significantly different metabolites (47 were upregulated, 18 were downregulated) in the cecal contents of DDGS group when compared with the BD group, and 4 significantly different metabolic pathways (P < 0.05) were enriched including "Longevity regulating pathway," "Bile secretion," "Choline metabolism in cancer," and "HIF-1 signaling pathway." Spearman analysis revealed close negative relationships between the top 20 significantly differential metabolites and Anaerococcus in the ruminal contents. Bacteria with high relevance to cecal differential metabolites were Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Dielma, and Solobacterium that affect specific metabolic pathways in cattle. Collectively, our results suggest that feeding cattle with a DDGS diet improves the microbial structure and the metabolic patterns of lipids and carbohydrates, thus contributing to the utilization efficiency of nutrients and physical health to some extent. Our findings will provide scientific reference for the utilization of DDGS as feed in cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erpeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhentao Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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22
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Dixit A, Savage HS, Greer JM. An appraisal of emerging therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis derived from current preclinical models. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:553-574. [PMID: 37438986 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2236301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Although therapeutic approaches have become available over the last 20 years that markedly slow the progression of disease, there is no cure for MS. Furthermore, the capacity to repair existing CNS damage caused by MS remains very limited. AREAS COVERED Several animal models are widely used in MS research to identify potential druggable targets for new treatment of MS. In this review, we look at targets identified since 2019 in studies using these models, and their potential for effecting a cure for MS. EXPERT OPINION Refinement of therapeutic strategies targeting key molecules involved in the activation of immune cells, cytokine, and chemokine signaling, and the polarization of the immune response have dominated recent publications. While some progress has been made in identifying effective targets to combat chronic demyelination and neurodegeneration, much more work is required. Progress is largely limited by the gaps in knowledge of how the immune system and the nervous system interact in MS and its animal models, and whether the numerous targets present in both systems respond in the same way in each system to the same therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Dixit
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospita, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah S Savage
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospita, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith M Greer
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospita, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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23
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Dinov D, Brenton JN. Environmental Influences on Risk and Disease Course in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2023; 46:101049. [PMID: 37451747 PMCID: PMC10351032 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2023.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) accounts for 3%-10% of all patients diagnosed with MS. Complex interplay between environmental factors impacts the risk for MS and may also affect disease course. Many of these environmental factors are shared with adult-onset MS. However, children with MS are in closer temporal proximity to the biological onset of MS and have less confounding environmental exposures than their adult counterparts. Environmental factors that contribute to MS risk include: geographical latitude, viral exposures, obesity, vitamin deficiencies, smoking, air pollution, perinatal factors, gut microbiome, and diet. More recently, research efforts have shifted to studying the impact of these risk determinants on the clinical course of MS. In this article we will examine relevant environmental risk determinants of pediatric MS and review the current knowledge on how these factors may contribute to pediatric MS disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Dinov
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - James Nicholas Brenton
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
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24
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Capasso N, Virgilio E, Covelli A, Giovannini B, Foschi M, Montini F, Nasello M, Nilo A, Prestipino E, Schirò G, Sperandei S, Clerico M, Lanzillo R. Aging in multiple sclerosis: from childhood to old age, etiopathogenesis, and unmet needs: a narrative review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1207617. [PMID: 37332984 PMCID: PMC10272733 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1207617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily affects adult females. However, in the last decades, rising incidence and prevalence have been observed for demographic extremes, such as pediatric-onset MS (POMS; occurring before 18 years of age) and late-onset MS (corresponding to an onset above 50 years). These categories show peculiar clinical-pathogenetic characteristics, aging processes and disease courses, therapeutic options, and unmet needs. Nonetheless, several open questions are still pending. POMS patients display an important contribution of multiple genetic and environmental factors such as EBV, while in LOMS, hormonal changes and pollution may represent disease triggers. In both categories, immunosenescence emerges as a pathogenic driver of the disease, particularly for LOMS. In both populations, patient and caregiver engagement are essential from the diagnosis communication to early treatment of disease-modifying therapy (DMTs), which in the elderly population appears more complex and less proven in terms of efficacy and safety. Digital technologies (e.g., exergames and e-training) have recently emerged with promising results, particularly in treating and following motor and cognitive deficits. However, this offer seems more feasible for POMS, being LOMS less familiar with digital technology. In this narrative review, we discuss how the aging process influences the pathogenesis, disease course, and therapeutic options of both POMS and LOMS. Finally, we evaluate the impact of new digital communication tools, which greatly interest the current and future management of POMS and LOMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Capasso
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Virgilio
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità Novara, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Covelli
- Department of Neurology, Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Beatrice Giovannini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Foschi
- Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Federico Montini
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Nasello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annacarmen Nilo
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Head, Neck and Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Elio Prestipino
- UOSC Neuro-Stroke Unit, AORN Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Section of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Sperandei
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Policlinico Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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25
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Gerace E, Baldi S, Salimova M, Di Gloria L, Curini L, Cimino V, Nannini G, Russo E, Pallecchi M, Ramazzotti M, Bartolucci G, Occupati B, Lanzi C, Scarpino M, Lanzo G, Grippo A, Lolli F, Mannaioni G, Amedei A. Oral and fecal microbiota perturbance in cocaine users: Can rTMS-induced cocaine abstinence support eubiosis restoration? iScience 2023; 26:106627. [PMID: 37250301 PMCID: PMC10214473 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of cocaine on microbiota have been scarcely explored. Here, we investigated the gut (GM) and oral (OM) microbiota composition of cocaine use disorder (CUD) patients and the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize GM and OM, whereas PICRUST2 assessed functional changes in microbial communities, and gas-chromatography was used to evaluate fecal short and medium chain fatty acids. CUD patients reported a significant decrease in alpha diversity and modification of the abundances of several taxa in both GM and OM. Furthermore, many predicted metabolic pathways were differentially expressed in CUD patients' stool and saliva samples, as well as reduced levels of butyric acid that appear restored to normal amounts after rTMS treatment. In conclusion, CUD patients showed a profound dysbiotic fecal and oral microbiota composition and function and rTMS-induced cocaine abstinence determined the restoration of eubiotic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gerace
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Unit, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maya Salimova
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lavinia Curini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Cimino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Brunella Occupati
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maenia Scarpino
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Neurophysiology Unit, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanzo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Neurophysiology Unit, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonello Grippo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Neurophysiology Unit, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Lolli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Careggi, Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Centre, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
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26
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Tabassum A, Ali A, Zahedi FD, Ismail NAS. Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D on Gut Microbiome in Children. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051441. [PMID: 37239112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune system and can be linked to the alteration of the gut microbiome, which leads to several immunological diseases. This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between Vitamin D and children's gut microbiome, as well as its impact towards the immune system. We have systematically collated relevant studies from different databases concerning changes in the gut microbiome of children from infants to 18 years old associated with Vitamin D and the immunological pathways. The studies utilized 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal matter with or without Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D levels. Ten studies were selected for the review, among which eight studies showed significant alterations in the gut microbiome related to Vitamin D supplementation or Vitamin D levels. The taxa of the phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the most altered in these studies. The alteration of the taxa alters the Th1 and Th2 pathways and changes the immune response. We will discuss how Vitamin D may contribute to the activation of immune pathways via its effects on intestinal barrier function, microbiome composition, and/or direct effects on immune responses. In conclusion, the studies examined in this review have provided evidence that Vitamin D levels may have an impact on the composition of children's gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Tabassum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farah Dayana Zahedi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Golpour F, Abbasi-Alaei M, Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Parvardeh S, Mohammadi G, Nassiri-Asl M. Short chain fatty acids, a possible treatment option for autoimmune diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114763. [PMID: 37105078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can interact with the immune system through its metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as one of the most abundant metabolites of the resident gut microbiota play an important role in this crosstalk. SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) regulate nearly every type of immune cell in the gut's immune cell repertoire regarding their development and function. SCFAs work through several pathways to impose protection towards colonic health and against local or systemic inflammation. Additionally, SCFAs play a role in the regulation of immune or non-immune pathways that can slow the development of autoimmunity either systematically or in situ. The present study aims to summarize the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory roles of SCFAs and the association between the SCFAs and autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other immune-mediated diseases, uncovering a brand-new therapeutic possibility to prevent or treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Golpour
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Abbasi-Alaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Majumdar A, Siva Venkatesh IP, Basu A. Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Viral Infections. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1045-1062. [PMID: 36868874 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the umbrella term to include all bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the mammalian body. Evidence from over two centuries describes a significant role of GI microbiome in health and disease states of the host organism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate that are the physiological forms of acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid respectively, are GI bacteria derived metabolites. SCFAs have been reported to influence cellular function in multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In addition, the inflammation modulating properties of SCFAs make them suitable therapeutic candidates in neuroinflammatory conditions. This review provides a historical background of the GBA and current knowledge of the GI microbiome and role of individual SCFAs in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recently, a few reports have also identified the effects of GI metabolites in the case of viral infections. Among these viruses, the flaviviridae family is associated with neuroinflammation and deterioration of CNS functions. In this context, we additionally introduce SCFA based mechanisms in different viral pathogenesis to understand the former's potential as agents against flaviviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreye Majumdar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
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Barateiro A, Barros C, Pinto MV, Ribeiro AR, Alberro A, Fernandes A. Women in the field of multiple sclerosis: How they contributed to paradigm shifts. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1087745. [PMID: 36818652 PMCID: PMC9937661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1087745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
History is full of women who made enormous contributions to science. While there is little to no imbalance at the early career stage, a decreasing proportion of women is found as seniority increases. In the multiple sclerosis (MS) field, 44% of first authors and only 35% of senior authors were female. So, in this review, we highlight ground-breaking research done by women in the field of MS, focusing mostly on their work as principal investigators. MS is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), with evident paradigm shifts in the understating of its pathophysiology. It is known that the immune system becomes overactivated and attacks myelin sheath surrounding axons. The resulting demyelination disrupts the communication signals to and from the CNS, which causes unpredictable symptoms, depending on the neurons that are affected. Classically, MS was reported to cause mostly physical and motor disabilities. However, it is now recognized that cognitive impairment affects more than 50% of the MS patients. Another shifting paradigm was the involvement of gray matter in MS pathology, formerly considered to be a white matter disease. Additionally, the identification of different T cell immune subsets and the mechanisms underlying the involvement of B cells and peripheral macrophages provided a better understanding of the immunopathophysiological processes present in MS. Relevantly, the gut-brain axis, recognized as a bi-directional communication system between the CNS and the gut, was found to be crucial in MS. Indeed, gut microbiota influences not only different susceptibilities to MS pathology, but it can also be modulated in order to positively act in MS course. Also, after the identification of the first microRNA in 1993, the role of microRNAs has been investigated in MS, either as potential biomarkers or therapeutic agents. Finally, concerning MS therapeutical approaches, remyelination-based studies have arisen on the spotlight aiming to repair myelin loss/neuronal connectivity. Altogether, here we emphasize the new insights of remarkable women that have voiced the impact of cognitive impairment, white and gray matter pathology, immune response, and that of the CNS-peripheral interplay on MS diagnosis, progression, and/or therapy efficacy, leading to huge breakthroughs in the MS field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal,Andreia Barateiro,
| | - Catarina Barros
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria V. Pinto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Ribeiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal,Multiple Sclerosis Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal,*Correspondence: Adelaide Fernandes,
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Ladakis DC, Bhargava P. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis and Potential Approaches to Target the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:117-132. [PMID: 36690786 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-00986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has now been established that a perturbation in gut microbiome composition exists in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its interplay with the immune system and brain could potentially contribute to the development of the disease and influence its course. The effects of the gut microbiota on the disease may be mediated by direct interactions between bacteria and immune cells or through interactions of products of bacterial metabolism with immune and CNS cells. In this review article we summarize the ways in which the gut microbiome of people with MS differs from controls and how bacterial metabolites can potentially play a role in MS pathogenesis, and examine approaches to alter the composition of the gut microbiota potentially alleviating gut dysbiosis and impacting the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ladakis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Asbjornsdottir B, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, Konno T, Cetinbas M, Lan J, Sadreyev RI, Gudmundsson LS, Gottfredsson M, Lauth B, Birgisdottir BE, Fasano A. Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010091. [PMID: 36672598 PMCID: PMC9855927 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) involves bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine/neuroimmune systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and enteric nervous system (ENS). The intestinal microbiota can influence host physiology and pathology. Dysbiosis involves the loss of beneficial microbial input or signal, diversity, and expansion of pathobionts, which can lead to loss of barrier function and increased intestinal permeability (IP). Colostrum, the first milk from mammals after birth, is a natural source of nutrients and is rich in oligosaccharides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and anti-microbial components. The aim of this study was to investigate if bovine colostrum (BC) administration might modulate intestinal microbiota and, in turn, behavior in two mouse models, wild-type (WT) and Zonulin transgenic (Ztm)-the latter of which is characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and mild hyperactivity-and to compare with control mice. Bioinformatics analysis of the microbiome showed that consumption of BC was associated with increased taxonomy abundance (p = 0.001) and diversity (p = 0.004) of potentially beneficial species in WT mice and shifted dysbiotic microbial community towards eubiosis in Ztm mice (p = 0.001). BC induced an anxiolytic effect in WT female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.0003), and it reduced anxiogenic behavior in Ztm female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.001), as well as in Ztm male mice compared with WT BC male mice (p = 0.03). As evidenced in MGBA interactions, BC supplementation may well be applied for prophylactic approaches in the future. Further research is needed to explore human interdependencies between intestinal microbiota, including eubiosis and pathobionts, and neuroinflammation, and the potential value of BC for human use. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Birna Asbjornsdottir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Larus S. Gudmundsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertrand Lauth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li B, He B, Li L, Nice EC, Zhang W, Xu J. New Insights into the Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases from the Perspective of Redox Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2287. [PMID: 36421473 PMCID: PMC9687622 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body can lead to oxidative stress, which is one of the major causes of neurodegenerative diseases. The gut microbiota contains trillions of beneficial bacteria that play an important role in maintaining redox homeostasis. In the last decade, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a new field that has revolutionized the study of the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, a growing number of studies have found that communication between the brain and the gut microbiota can be accomplished through the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. Importantly, dysregulation of the gut microbiota has been strongly associated with the development of oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and redox homeostasis will help explain the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases from a new perspective and provide a theoretical basis for proposing new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will describe the role of oxidative stress and the gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects redox homeostasis in the brain, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we will discuss the potential applications of maintaining redox homeostasis by modulating the gut microbiota to treat neurodegenerative diseases, which could open the door for new therapeutic approaches to combat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Huang JH, Wang J, Chai XQ, Li ZC, Jiang YH, Li J, Liu X, Fan J, Cai JB, Liu F. The Intratumoral Bacterial Metataxonomic Signature of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0098322. [PMID: 36173308 PMCID: PMC9602924 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00983-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The spectrum of intratumoral microbiota associated with HCC progression remains elusive. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that microbial DNAs were distributed in the cytosol of liver hepatocytes and erythrocytes. Viable anaerobic or aerobic bacteria were recovered in HCC tissues by fresh tissue culture. We performed a comprehensive DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in 156 samples from 28 normal liver, 64 peritumoral, and 64 HCC tissues, and the DNA sequencing yielded 4.2 million high-quality reads. Both alpha and beta diversity in peritumor and HCC microbiota were increased compared to normal controls. The most predominant phyla in HCC were Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota, and classes of Bacilli and Actinobacteria, were consistently enriched in peritumor and HCC tissues, while Gammaproteobacteria was especially abundant in HCC tissues compared to normal controls. Streptococcaceae and Lactococcus were the marker taxa of HCC cirrhosis. The Staphylococcus branch and Caulobacter branch were selectively enriched in HBV-negative HCCs. The abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Saccharimonadia were associated with the clinicopathological features of HCC patients. The inferred functions of different taxa were changed between the microbiota of normal liver and peritumor/HCC. Random forest machine learning achieved great discriminative performance in HCC prediction (area under the curve [AUC] = 1.00 in the training cohort, AUC = 0.950 for top five class signature, and AUC = 0.943 for the top 50 operational taxonomy units [OTUs] in the validation cohort). Our analysis highlights the complexity and diversity of the liver and HCC microbiota and established a specific intratumoral microbial signature for the potential prediction of HCC. IMPORTANCE Gut microbiome is an important regulator of hepatic inflammation, detoxification, and immunity, and contributes to the carcinogenesis of liver cancer. Intratumoral bacteria are supposed to be closer to the tumor cells, forming a microenvironment that may be relevant to the pathological process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the presence of viable intratumoral bacteria remains unclear. It is worth exploring whether the metataxonomic characteristics of intratumoral bacteria can be used as a potential marker for HCC prediction. Here, we present the first evidence of the existence of viable intratumoral bacteria in HCC using the tissue culture method. We revealed that microbial DNAs were distributed in the cytosol of liver hepatocytes and erythrocytes. We analyzed the diversity, structure, and abundance of normal liver and HCC microbiota. We built a machine learning model for HCC prediction using intratumoral bacterial features. We show that specific taxa represent potential targets for both therapeutic and diagnostic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hang Huang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Chen Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hua Jiang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai TongRen Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S. Microbial dysbiosis in the gut drives systemic autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906258. [PMID: 36341463 PMCID: PMC9632986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes survive and thrive inside the human body. These tiny creatures are crucial to the development and maturation of our immune system and to maintain gut immune homeostasis. Microbial dysbiosis is the main driver of local inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Dysbiosis in the gut can also drive systemic autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatic arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Gut microbes directly interact with the immune system by multiple mechanisms including modulation of the host microRNAs affecting gene expression at the post-transcriptional level or production of microbial metabolites that interact with cellular receptors such as TLRs and GPCRs. This interaction modulates crucial immune functions such as differentiation of lymphocytes, production of interleukins, or controlling the leakage of inflammatory molecules from the gut to the systemic circulation. In this review, we compile and analyze data to gain insights into the underpinning mechanisms mediating systemic autoimmune diseases. Understanding how gut microbes can trigger or protect from systemic autoimmune diseases is crucial to (1) tackle these diseases through diet or lifestyle modification, (2) develop new microbiome-based therapeutics such as prebiotics or probiotics, (3) identify diagnostic biomarkers to predict disease risk, and (4) observe and intervene with microbial population change with the flare-up of autoimmune responses. Considering the microbiome signature as a crucial player in systemic autoimmune diseases might hold a promise to turn these untreatable diseases into manageable or preventable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fadia Chehadeh
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
| | - Shannon Husband
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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Biomolecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases and Their Relationship with the Resident Microbiota: Friend or Foe? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:507-536. [PMID: 36136068 PMCID: PMC9505211 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of innovative approaches to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of autoimmune diseases, as well as to further study of the factors which can have either a positive or negative effect on the course of the disease, is essential. In this line, the development of new molecular techniques and the creation of the Human Genome Program have allowed access to many more solutions to the difficulties that exist in the identification and characterization of the microbiome, as well as changes due to various factors. Such innovative technologies can rekindle older hypotheses, such as molecular mimicry, allowing us to move from hypothesis to theory and from correlation to causality, particularly regarding autoimmune diseases and dysbiosis of the microbiota. For example, Prevotella copri appears to have a strong association with rheumatoid arthritis; it is expected that this will be confirmed by several scientists, which, in turn, will make it possible to identify other mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. This article seeks to identify new clues regarding similar correlations between autoimmune activity and the human microbiota, particularly in relation to qualitative and quantitative microbial variations therein.
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Titze-de-Almeida R, da Cunha TR, Dos Santos Silva LD, Ferreira CS, Silva CP, Ribeiro AP, de Castro Moreira Santos Júnior A, de Paula Brandão PR, Silva APB, da Rocha MCO, Xavier MAE, Titze-de-Almeida SS, Shimizu HE, Delgado-Rodrigues RN. Persistent, new-onset symptoms and mental health complaints in Long COVID in a Brazilian cohort of non-hospitalized patients. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:133. [PMID: 35135496 PMCID: PMC8821794 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections lead to acute- and chronic Long COVID (LC) symptoms. However, few studies have addressed LC sequelae on brain functions. This study was aimed to examine if acute symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would persist during LC, and if memory problems would be correlated with sleep, depressive mood, or anxious complaints. METHODS Our work followed a cohort of 236 patients from two public hospitals of the Federal District in mid-western Brazil. Patients' interviews checked for clinical symptoms during acute and LC (5-8 months after real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR). RESULTS Most cases were non-hospitalized individuals (86.3%) with a median age of 41.2 years. While myalgia (50%), hyposmia (48.3%), and dysgeusia (45.8%) were prevalent symptoms in acute phase, fatigue (21.6%) followed by headache (19.1%) and myalgia (16.1%) commonly occurred during LC. In LC, 39.8% of individuals reported memory complaints, 36.9% felt anxious, 44.9% felt depressed, and 45.8% had sleep problems. Furthermore, memory complaints were associated with sleep problems (adjusted OR 3.206; 95% CI 1.723-6.030) and depressive feelings (adjusted OR 3.981; 95% CI 2.068-7.815). CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to persistent symptoms during LC, in which memory problems may be associated with sleep and depressive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília-Central Institute of Sciences, Brasília, Brazil.
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory-FAV, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Thaylise Ramalho da Cunha
- Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília-Central Institute of Sciences, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Clarisse Santos Ferreira
- Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília-Central Institute of Sciences, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pena Silva
- Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília-Central Institute of Sciences, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andrezza Paula Brito Silva
- Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília-Central Institute of Sciences, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Mary-Ann Elvina Xavier
- Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília-Central Institute of Sciences, Brasília, Brazil
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory-FAV, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Simoneide Souza Titze-de-Almeida
- Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília-Central Institute of Sciences, Brasília, Brazil
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory-FAV, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Helena Eri Shimizu
- Department of Collective Health, Research Center for Major Themes, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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