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Liu R, Song H, Wu H, Yang Z, Fang S, Zhu J, Ba L. Sub-femtomolar vertical graphene field effect immunosensor for detection of lung tumor markers. Talanta 2024; 278:126498. [PMID: 38959668 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cancer that endangers human life worldwide, with the highest mortality rate. The detection of lung tumor markers is of great significance for the early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of lung cancer. In this study, a vertical graphene field effect transistor (VGFET) immunosensor based on graphene/C60 heterojunction was created to offer quantitative detections for the lung tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra21-1), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The experimental results showed that the sensitive range for standard antigen is between 1 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.6 amol/ml for CEA, 33.3 amol/ml for Cyfra 21-1 and 12.8 amol/ml for NSE (1 pg/ml for all). The detection accuracy for these tumor markers was compared with the clinically used method for clinical patients on serum samples. Results are highly consistent with clinically used immunoassay in its efficient diagnosis concentration range. Subsequently, the mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) with an average size of 90 nm were surface modified with glutaraldehyde, and a second antibody was assembled on MSNs, which fixes nanospheres on the antigen and amplified the field effect. The LODs for three markers are 100 fg/ml (0.56 amol/ml for CEA) under optimal circumstances of detection. This result indicates that specific binding to MSNs enhances local field effects and can achieve higher sensing efficiency for tumor marker detection at extremely low concentrations, providing effective assistance for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Institute of Sports and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Surong Fang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Long Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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Jiang X, Shi C, Wang Z, Huang L, Chi L. Healthcare Monitoring Sensors Based on Organic Transistors: Surface/Interface Strategy and Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308952. [PMID: 37951211 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic transistors possess inherent advantages such as flexibility, biocompatibility, customizable chemical structures, solution-processability, and amplifying capabilities, making them highly promising for portable healthcare sensor applications. Through convenient and diverse modifications at the material and device surfaces or interfaces, organic transistors allow for a wide range of sensor applications spanning from chemical and biological to physical sensing. In this comprehensive review, the surface and interface engineering aspect associated with four types of typical healthcare sensors is focused. The device operation principles and sensing mechanisms are systematically analyzed and highlighted, and particularly surface/interface functionalization strategies that contribute to the enhancement of sensing performance are focused. An outlook and perspective on the critical issues and challenges in the field of healthcare sensing using organic transistors are provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- Suzhou Laboratory, 388 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Diacci C, Burtscher B, Berto M, Ruoko TP, Lienemann S, Greco P, Berggren M, Borsari M, Simon DT, Bortolotti CA, Biscarini F. Organic Electrochemical Transistor Aptasensor for Interleukin-6 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38141020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) biosensor for the detection of interleukin 6 (IL6), an important biomarker associated with various pathological processes, including chronic inflammation, inflammaging, cancer, and severe COVID-19 infection. The biosensor is functionalized with oligonucleotide aptamers engineered to bind specifically IL6. We developed an easy functionalization strategy based on gold nanoparticles deposited onto a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) gate electrode for the subsequent electrodeposition of thiolated aptamers. During this functionalization step, the reduction of sulfide bonds allows for simultaneous deposition of a blocking agent. A detection range from picomolar to nanomolar concentrations for IL6 was achieved, and the selectivity of the device was assessed against Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), another cytokine involved in the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Burtscher
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marcello Berto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Lienemann
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Università di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Fossato di Mortara 17-193, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marco Borsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Carlo A Bortolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Fossato di Mortara 17-193, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Shinar R, Shinar J. Organic Electronics-Microfluidics/Lab on a Chip Integration in Analytical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8488. [PMID: 37896581 PMCID: PMC10611406 DOI: 10.3390/s23208488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics (OE) technology has matured in displays and is advancing in solid-state lighting applications. Other promising and growing uses of this technology are in (bio)chemical sensing, imaging, in vitro cell monitoring, and other biomedical diagnostics that can benefit from low-cost, efficient small devices, including wearable designs that can be fabricated on glass or flexible plastic. OE devices such as organic LEDs, organic and hybrid perovskite-based photodetectors, and organic thin-film transistors, notably organic electrochemical transistors, are utilized in such sensing and (bio)medical applications. The integration of compact and sensitive OE devices with microfluidic channels and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) structures is very promising. This survey focuses on studies that utilize this integration for a variety of OE tools. It is not intended to encompass all studies in the area, but to present examples of the advances and the potential of such OE technology, with a focus on microfluidics/LOC integration for efficient wide-ranging sensing and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Shinar
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joseph Shinar
- Physics & Astronomy Department and Ames National Laboratory—USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Massey RS, McConnell EM, Chan D, Holahan MR, DeRosa MC, Prakash R. Non-invasive Monitoring of α-Synuclein in Saliva for Parkinson's Disease Using Organic Electrolyte-Gated FET Aptasensor. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3116-3126. [PMID: 37506391 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) currently affects more than 1 million people in the US alone, with nearly 8.5 million suffering from the disease worldwide, as per the World Health Organization. However, there remains no fast, pain-free, and effective method of screening for the disease in the ageing population, which also happens to be the most susceptible to this neurodegenerative disease. αSynuclein (αSyn) is a promising PD biomarker, demonstrating clear delineations between levels of the αSyn monomer and the extent of αSyn aggregation in the saliva of PD patients and healthy controls. In this work, we have demonstrated a laboratory prototype of a soft fluidics integrated organic electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (OEGFET) aptasensor platform capable of quantifying levels of αSyn aggregation in saliva. The aptasensor relies on a recently reported synthetic aptamer which selectively binds to αSyn monomer as the bio-recognition molecule within the integrated fluidic channel of the biosensor. The produced saliva sensor is label-free, fast, and reusable, demonstrating good selectivity only to the target molecule in its monomer form. The novelty of these devices is the fully isolated organic semiconductor, which extends the shelf life, and the novel fully integrated soft microfluidic channels, which simplify saliva loading and testing. The OEGFET aptasensor has a limit of detection of 10 fg/L for the αSyn monomer in spiked saliva supernatant solutions, with a linear range of 100 fg/L to 10 μg/L. The linear range covers the physiological range of the αSyn monomer in the saliva of PD patients. Our biosensors demonstrate a desirably low limit of detection, an extended linear range, and fully integrated microchannels for saliva sample handling, making them a promising platform for non-invasive point-of-care testing of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn S Massey
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Erin M McConnell
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1T2S2, Canada
| | - Dennis Chan
- Dept of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Building, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1T2S2, Canada
| | - Matthew R Holahan
- Dept of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Building, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1T2S2, Canada
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1T2S2, Canada
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
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7
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Parmeggiani M, Ballesio A, Battistoni S, Carcione R, Cocuzza M, D’Angelo P, Erokhin VV, Marasso SL, Rinaldi G, Tarabella G, Vurro D, Pirri CF. Organic Bioelectronics Development in Italy: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:460. [PMID: 36838160 PMCID: PMC9966652 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, studies concerning Organic Bioelectronics have had a constant growth due to the interest in disciplines such as medicine, biology and food safety in connecting the digital world with the biological one. Specific interests can be found in organic neuromorphic devices and organic transistor sensors, which are rapidly growing due to their low cost, high sensitivity and biocompatibility. This trend is evident in the literature produced in Italy, which is full of breakthrough papers concerning organic transistors-based sensors and organic neuromorphic devices. Therefore, this review focuses on analyzing the Italian production in this field, its trend and possible future evolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Parmeggiani
- Chilab–Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballesio
- Chilab–Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Battistoni
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Rocco Carcione
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Cocuzza
- Chilab–Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Turin, Italy
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Pasquale D’Angelo
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Victor V. Erokhin
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Luigi Marasso
- Chilab–Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Turin, Italy
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Rinaldi
- Chilab–Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarabella
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Vurro
- Camlin Italy Srl, Via Budellungo 2, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Chilab–Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Via Lungo Piazza d’Armi 6, 10034 Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
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Futane A, Narayanamurthy V, Jadhav P, Srinivasan A. Aptamer-based rapid diagnosis for point-of-care application. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2023; 27:15. [PMID: 36688097 PMCID: PMC9847464 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-022-02622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aptasensors have attracted considerable interest and widespread application in point-of-care testing worldwide. One of the biggest challenges of a point-of-care (POC) is the reduction of treatment time compared to central facilities that diagnose and monitor the applications. Over the past decades, biosensors have been introduced that offer more reliable, cost-effective, and accurate detection methods. Aptamer-based biosensors have unprecedented advantages over biosensors that use natural receptors such as antibodies and enzymes. In the current epidemic, point-of-care testing (POCT) is advantageous because it is easy to use, more accessible, faster to detect, and has high accuracy and sensitivity, reducing the burden of testing on healthcare systems. POCT is beneficial for daily epidemic control as well as early detection and treatment. This review provides detailed information on the various design strategies and virus detection methods using aptamer-based sensors. In addition, we discussed the importance of different aptamers and their detection principles. Aptasensors with higher sensitivity, specificity, and flexibility are critically discussed to establish simple, cost-effective, and rapid detection methods. POC-based aptasensors' diagnostic applications are classified and summarised based on infectious and infectious diseases. Finally, the design factors to be considered are outlined to meet the future of rapid POC-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Futane
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik Dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, 76100 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Advance Sensors and Embedded Systems (ASECs), Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation, Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik Dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, 76100 Melaka, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Pramod Jadhav
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
- InnoFuTech, No 42/12, 7Th Street, Vallalar Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600072 India
| | - Arthi Srinivasan
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kunatan, Pahang Malaysia
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Organic small molecule semiconductor materials for OFET-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114667. [PMID: 36099836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors is an advanced detection and monitoring device for the development of biotechnology, and is also a rapid and microanalytical device at the molecular level. Demands for high sensitivity, high flexibility, good biocompatibility, easy chemical modification and low cost offer incentive for exploring new materials to develop the next-generation biosensors. With the vigorous development of organic electronics, the performances of organic devices have been effectively improved, leading to organic semiconductor materials with low cost, good flexibility, easy chemical modification and good biocompatibility for biosensors. Biosensors based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have become one of the most advanced biosensor platforms because of their inherent ability to amplify received signals. Furthermore, OFET-based biosensors have been widely used in the detection of DNA, protein, cell, glucose and other biological substances due to its high sensitivity, fast analysis speed, label-free detection, small size and simple operation. This mini review briefly discusses the organic small molecule semiconductor materials, device configurations, basic principles and application fields of OFETs-based biosensors.
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10
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Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors based on 2,6-dioctyltetrathienoacene as a convenient platform for fabrication of liquid biosensors. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Massey RS, Gamero B, Prakash R. A System-on-Board Integrated Multi-analyte PoC Biosensor for Combined Analysis of Saliva and Exhaled Breath. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:904-909. [PMID: 36086150 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9870980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The need for oral health monitoring Point of Care (PoC) systems is ever growing. This is effectively highlighted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic where the lack of rapid PoC testing has placed an unsustainable burden on centralized laboratory testing. Urgent development has furthered pathogenic nucleic acid and antibody detection in oral samples throat swabs, but without corresponding advancements in biochemical monitoring through oral biosensing. We have recently reported two novel biosensor technologies for detection of high impact hormones: cortisol in saliva by organic electrolyte gated FETs (OEGFETs), and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) using molecularly imprinted electroimpedance spectroscopy biosensors (MIP EIS). In this work, we report a first stage integration of the two biosensors - previously bench-top proven - with a miniaturized semi-hermetically sealed soft-fluidic enclosure, onto a low-power (<300 mW) customized printed circuit board. Our findings established comparable detection thresholds for the miniaturized board-based configuration and a lab-based test setup, and their ability to characterize, calibrate, and operate these small footprint biosensors. Testing with the 8-isoprostane EBC MIP EIS biosensors showed the system-on-board had an effective frequency range of 100-100kHz, comparable to lab bench impedance analyzers. Despite internal impedance increases of 210%, the expected data features are present in the impedance graphs collected with the PCB. The system-on-board experiments using OEGFET aptasensor showed a predictable behavior and comparable sensor detection range and resolution using unadulterated supernatant and serial dilutions of cortisol over a range of 273 μM to 2.73pM. The portable, multi-analyte oral biosensor is a promising prototype for future packaging and clinical validation.
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Bianchi M, De Salvo A, Asplund M, Carli S, Di Lauro M, Schulze‐Bonhage A, Stieglitz T, Fadiga L, Biscarini F. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Neural Interfaces for Recording and Stimulation: Fundamental Aspects and In Vivo Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104701. [PMID: 35191224 PMCID: PMC9036021 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation neural interfaces for bidirectional communication with the central nervous system aim to achieve the intimate integration with the neural tissue with minimal neuroinflammatory response, high spatio-temporal resolution, very high sensitivity, and readout stability. The design and manufacturing of devices for low power/low noise neural recording and safe and energy-efficient stimulation that are, at the same time, conformable to the brain, with matched mechanical properties and biocompatibility, is a convergence area of research where neuroscientists, materials scientists, and nanotechnologists operate synergically. The biotic-abiotic neural interface, however, remains a formidable challenge that prompts for new materials platforms and innovation in device layouts. Conductive polymers (CP) are attractive materials to be interfaced with the neural tissue and to be used as sensing/stimulating electrodes because of their mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, their low contact impedance, high charge storage capacitance, chemical versatility, and biocompatibility. This manuscript reviews the state-of-the-art of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based neural interfaces for extracellular recording and stimulation, focusing on those technological approaches that are successfully demonstrated in vivo. The aim is to highlight the most reliable and ready-for-clinical-use solutions, in terms of materials technology and recording performance, other than spot major limitations and identify future trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bianchi
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and CommunicationFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
| | - Anna De Salvo
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and CommunicationFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
- Sezione di FisiologiaUniversità di Ferraravia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
| | - Maria Asplund
- Division of Nursing and Medical TechnologyLuleå University of TechnologyLuleå971 87Sweden
- Department of Microsystems Engineering‐IMTEKUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
- BrainLinks‐BrainTools CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
| | - Stefano Carli
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and CommunicationFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
- Present address:
Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversità di FerraraFerrara44121Italy
| | - Michele Di Lauro
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and CommunicationFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
| | - Andreas Schulze‐Bonhage
- BrainLinks‐BrainTools CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
- Epilepsy CenterFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering‐IMTEKUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
- BrainLinks‐BrainTools CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg79110Germany
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and CommunicationFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
- Sezione di FisiologiaUniversità di Ferraravia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and CommunicationFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Fossato di Mortara 17Ferrara44121Italy
- Life Science DepartmentUniversità di Modena e Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 103Modena41125Italy
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13
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Design of a Portable Microfluidic Platform for EGOT-Based in Liquid Biosensing. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030969. [PMID: 35161715 PMCID: PMC8839715 DOI: 10.3390/s22030969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In biosensing applications, the exploitation of organic transistors gated via a liquid electrolyte has increased in the last years thanks to their enormous advantages in terms of sensitivity, low cost and power consumption. However, a practical aspect limiting the use of these devices in real applications is the contamination of the organic material, which represents an obstacle for the realization of a portable sensing platform based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors (EGOTs). In this work, a novel contamination-free microfluidic platform allowing differential measurements is presented and validated through finite element modeling simulations. The proposed design allows the exposure of the sensing electrode without contaminating the EGOT device during the whole sensing tests protocol. Furthermore, the platform is exploited to perform the detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a validation test for the introduced differential protocol, demonstrating the capability to detect BSA at 1 pM concentration. The lack of contamination and the differential measurements provided in this work can be the first steps towards the realization of a reliable EGOT-based portable sensing instrument.
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14
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Kim J, Noh S, Park JA, Park SC, Park SJ, Lee JH, Ahn JH, Lee T. Recent Advances in Aptasensor for Cytokine Detection: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:8491. [PMID: 34960590 PMCID: PMC8705356 DOI: 10.3390/s21248491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune cells. They promote cell signal transduction and are involved in cell replication, death, and recovery. Cytokines are immune modulators, but their excessive secretion causes uncontrolled inflammation that attacks normal cells. Considering the properties of cytokines, monitoring the secretion of cytokines in vivo is of great value for medical and biological research. In this review, we offer a report on recent studies for cytokine detection, especially studies on aptasensors using aptamers. Aptamers are single strand nucleic acids that form a stable three-dimensional structure and have been receiving attention due to various characteristics such as simple production methods, low molecular weight, and ease of modification while performing a physiological role similar to antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.K.); (S.N.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Seungwoo Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.K.); (S.N.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Jeong Ah Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.K.); (S.N.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Sang-Chan Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Seong Jun Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Jae-Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.K.); (S.N.); (J.A.P.)
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15
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Murugasenapathi NK, Ghosh R, Ramanathan S, Ghosh S, Chinnappan A, Mohamed SAJ, Esther Jebakumari KA, Gopinath SCB, Ramakrishna S, Palanisamy T. Transistor-Based Biomolecule Sensors: Recent Technological Advancements and Future Prospects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1044-1065. [PMID: 34788167 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2002133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Transistor-based sensors have been widely recognized to be highly sensitive and reliable for point-of-care/bed-side diagnosis. In this line, a range of cutting-edge technologies has been generated to elevate the role of transistors for biomolecule detection. Detection of a wide range of clinical biomarkers has been reported using various configurations of transistors. The inordinate sensitivity of transistors to the field-effect imparts high sensitivity toward wide range of biomolecules. This overview has gleaned the present achievements with the technological advancements using high performance transistor-based sensors. This review encloses transistors incorporated with a variety of functional nanomaterials and organic elements for their excellence in selectivity and sensitivity. In addition, the technological advancements in fabrication of these microdevices or nanodevices and functionalization of the sensing elements have also been discussed. The technological gap in the realization of sensors in transistor platforms and the resulted scope for research has been discussed. Finally, foreseen technological advancements and future research perspectives are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natchimuthu Karuppusamy Murugasenapathi
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Soumalya Ghosh
- Department of Production Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Syed Abuthahir Jamal Mohamed
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Abraham Esther Jebakumari
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tamilarasan Palanisamy
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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16
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Mello HJNPD, Faleiros MC, Mulato M. Electrochemically activated polyaniline based ambipolar organic electrochemical transistor. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo José Nogueira Pedroza Dias Mello
- Institute of Physics Federal University of Goiás (UFG) Goiânia Goiás Brazil
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto (FFCLRP) University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Murilo Calil Faleiros
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto (FFCLRP) University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mulato
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto (FFCLRP) University of Sao Paulo (USP) Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
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17
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Burtscher B, Manco Urbina PA, Diacci C, Borghi S, Pinti M, Cossarizza A, Salvarani C, Berggren M, Biscarini F, Simon DT, Bortolotti CA. Sensing Inflammation Biomarkers with Electrolyte-Gated Organic Electronic Transistors. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100955. [PMID: 34423579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An overview of cytokine biosensing is provided, with a focus on the opportunities provided by organic electronic platforms for monitoring these inflammation biomarkers which manifest at ultralow concentration levels in physiopathological conditions. Specifically, two of the field's state-of-the-art technologies-organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors (EGOFETs)-and their use in sensing cytokines and other proteins associated with inflammation are a particular focus. The overview will include an introduction to current clinical and "gold standard" quantification techniques and their limitations in terms of cost, time, and required infrastructure. A critical review of recent progress with OECT- and EGOFET-based protein biosensors is presented, alongside a discussion onthe future of these technologies in the years and decades ahead. This is especially timely as the world grapples with limited healthcare diagnostics during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)pandemic where one of the worst-case scenarios for patients is the "cytokine storm." Clearly, low-cost point-of-care technologies provided by OECTs and EGOFETs can ease the global burden on healthcare systems and support professionals by providing unprecedented wealth of data that can help to monitor disease progression in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Burtscher
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | | | - Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Simone Borghi
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 287 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Policlinico di Modena Modena 41124 Italy
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
- Center for Translation Neurophysiology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Fossato di Mortara 17–19 Ferrara 44100 Italy
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Carlo A. Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
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18
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Kellie JF, Tran JC, Jian W, Jones B, Mehl JT, Ge Y, Henion J, Bateman KP. Intact Protein Mass Spectrometry for Therapeutic Protein Quantitation, Pharmacokinetics, and Biotransformation in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: An Industry Perspective. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1886-1900. [PMID: 32869982 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in immunocapture methods and mass spectrometer technology have enabled intact protein mass spectrometry to be applied for the characterization of antibodies and other large biotherapeutics from in-life studies. Protein molecules have not been traditionally studied by intact mass or screened for catabolites in the same manner as small molecules, but the landscape has changed. Researchers have presented methods that can be applied to the drug discovery and development stages, and others are exploring the possibilities of the new approaches. However, a wide variety of options for assay development exists without clear recommendation on best practice, and data processing workflows may have limitations depending on the vendor. In this perspective, we share experiences and recommendations for current and future application of mass spectrometry for biotherapeutic molecule monitoring from preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Kellie
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Biochemical & Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenying Jian
- DMPK, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Barry Jones
- Q Squared Solutions, 19 Brown Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - John T Mehl
- Bioanalytical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Chemistry, Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jack Henion
- Advion, Inc., 61 Brown Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- PPDM, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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19
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Molazemhosseini A, Viola FA, Berger FJ, Zorn NF, Zaumseil J, Caironi M. A Rapidly Stabilizing Water-Gated Field-Effect Transistor Based on Printed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Biosensing Applications. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2021; 3:3106-3113. [PMID: 34485915 PMCID: PMC8411763 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are expected to revolutionize disease management through provision of low-cost diagnostic platforms for molecular and pathogenic detection with high sensitivity and short response time. In this context, there has been an ever-increasing interest in using electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EG-FETs) for biosensing applications owing to their expanding potential of being employed for label-free detection of a broad range of biomarkers with high selectivity and sensitivity while operating at sub-volt working potentials. Although organic semiconductors have been widely utilized as the channel in EG-FETs, primarily due to their compatibility with cost-effective low-temperature solution-processing fabrication techniques, alternative carbon-based platforms have the potential to provide similar advantages with improved electronic performances. Here, we propose the use of inkjet-printed polymer-wrapped monochiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) for the channel of EG-FETs in an aqueous environment. In particular, we show that our EG-CNTFETs require only an hour of stabilization before producing a highly stable response suitable for biosensing, with a drastic time reduction with respect to the most exploited organic semiconductor for biosensors. As a proof-of-principle, we successfully employed our water-gated device to detect the well-known biotin-streptavidin binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Molazemhosseini
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonio Viola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universitaẗ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas F. Zorn
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universitaẗ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universitaẗ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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20
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Shaposhnik PA, Anisimov DA, Trul AA, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. A Simple Approach to Fabrication of Highly Efficient Electrolyte-Gated Organic Transistors by Phase Microsegregation of 2,7-Dioctyl [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene and Polystyrene Mixtures. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501621020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Gall JL, Vasilijević S, Battaglini N, Mattana G, Noël V, Brayner R, Piro B. Algae-functionalized hydrogel-gated organic field-effect transistor. Application to the detection of herbicides. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Egunov AI, Dou Z, Karnaushenko DD, Hebenstreit F, Kretschmann N, Akgün K, Ziemssen T, Karnaushenko D, Medina-Sánchez M, Schmidt OG. Impedimetric Microfluidic Sensor-in-a-Tube for Label-Free Immune Cell Analysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2002549. [PMID: 33448115 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analytical platforms based on impedance spectroscopy are promising for non-invasive and label-free analysis of single cells as well as of their extracellular matrix, being essential to understand cell function in the presence of certain diseases. Here, an innovative rolled-up impedimetric microfulidic sensor, called sensor-in-a-tube, is introduced for the simultaneous analysis of single human monocytes CD14+ and their extracellular medium upon liposaccharides (LPS)-mediated activation. In particular, rolled-up platinum microelectrodes are integrated within for the static and dynamic (in-flow) detection of cells and their surrounding medium (containing expressed cytokines) over an excitation frequency range from 102 to 5 × 106 Hz. The correspondence between cell activation stages and the electrical properties of the cell surrounding medium have been detected by electrical impedance spectroscopy in dynamic mode without employing electrode surface functionalization or labeling. The designed sensor-in-a-tube platform is shown as a sensitive and reliable tool for precise single cell analysis toward immune-deficient diseases diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr I Egunov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zehua Dou
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitriy D Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Hebenstreit
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Kretschmann
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Multiple Sklerose Zentrum Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Multiple Sklerose Zentrum Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Multiple Sklerose Zentrum Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Str. der Nationen 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Dresden University of Technology, Haeckelstraße 3, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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23
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Torricelli F, Adrahtas DZ, Bao Z, Berggren M, Biscarini F, Bonfiglio A, Bortolotti CA, Frisbie CD, Macchia E, Malliaras GG, McCulloch I, Moser M, Nguyen TQ, Owens RM, Salleo A, Spanu A, Torsi L. Electrolyte-gated transistors for enhanced performance bioelectronics. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1. [PMID: 35475166 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs), capable of transducing biological and biochemical inputs into amplified electronic signals and stably operating in aqueous environments, have emerged as fundamental building blocks in bioelectronics. In this Primer, the different EGT architectures are described with the fundamental mechanisms underpinning their functional operation, providing insight into key experiments including necessary data analysis and validation. Several organic and inorganic materials used in the EGT structures and the different fabrication approaches for an optimal experimental design are presented and compared. The functional bio-layers and/or biosystems integrated into or interfaced to EGTs, including self-organization and self-assembly strategies, are reviewed. Relevant and promising applications are discussed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell monitoring, ultra-sensitive biosensors, electrophysiology, synaptic and neuromorphic bio-interfaces, prosthetics and robotics. Advantages, limitations and possible optimizations are also surveyed. Finally, current issues and future directions for further developments and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Torricelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Demetra Z Adrahtas
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bonfiglio
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo A Bortolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eleonora Macchia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Spanu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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24
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Shaposhnik PA, Zapunidi SA, Shestakov MV, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Modern bio and chemical sensors and neuromorphic devices based on organic semiconductors. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and highlights the current state-of-the-art of research on chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment and neuromorphic devices based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors with the active semiconductor layer of organic π-conjugated materials (small molecules, oligomers and polymers). The architecture and principles of operation of electrolyte-gated organic transistors and the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices are considered in detail. The criteria for the selection of organic semiconductors for these devices are presented. The causes of degradation of semiconductor layers and ways of their elimination are discussed. Examples of the use of electrolyte-gated organic transistors as bio and chemical sensors, artificial synapses and computing devices are given.
The bibliography includes 132 references.
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25
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Rani D, Singh Y, Salker M, Vu XT, Ingebrandt S, Pachauri V. Point-of-care-ready nanoscale ISFET arrays for sub-picomolar detection of cytokines in cell cultures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6777-6788. [PMID: 32725311 PMCID: PMC7496041 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and frequent screening of cytokines as immunomodulation agents is necessary for precise interventions in severe pathophysiological conditions. In addition to high-sensitivity detection of such analytes in complex biological fluids such as blood, saliva, and cell culture medium samples, it is also crucial to work out miniaturized bioanalytical platforms with potential for high-density integration enabling screening of multiple analytes. In this work, we show a compact, point-of-care-ready bioanalytical platform for screening of cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) based on one-dimensional ion-sensitive field-effect transistors arrays (nanoISFETs) of silicon fabricated at wafer-scale via nanoimprint lithography. The nanoISFETs biofunctionalized with receptor proteins alpha IL-4 and alpha IL-2 were deployed for screening cytokine secretion in mouse T helper cell differentiation culture media, respectively. Our nanoISFETs showed robust sensor signals for specific molecular binding and can be readily deployed for real-time screening of cytokines. Quantitative analyses of the nanoISFET-based bioanalytical platform was carried out for IL-4 concentrations ranging from 25 fg/mL (1.92 fM) to 2.5 μg/mL (192 nM), showing a limit of detection down to 3-5 fM, which was found to be in agreement with ELISA results in determining IL-4 concentrations directly in complex cell culture media. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Rani
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri Salker
- Women's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xuan Thang Vu
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 (IWE1), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 (IWE1), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vivek Pachauri
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany.
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 (IWE1), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Romele P, Gkoupidenis P, Koutsouras DA, Lieberth K, Kovács-Vajna ZM, Blom PWM, Torricelli F. Multiscale real time and high sensitivity ion detection with complementary organic electrochemical transistors amplifier. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3743. [PMID: 32719350 PMCID: PMC7385487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ions are ubiquitous biological regulators playing a key role for vital processes in animals and plants. The combined detection of ion concentration and real-time monitoring of small variations with respect to the resting conditions is a multiscale functionality providing important information on health states. This multiscale functionality is still an open challenge for current ion sensing approaches. Here we show multiscale real-time and high-sensitivity ion detection with complementary organic electrochemical transistors amplifiers. The ion-sensing amplifier integrates in the same device both selective ion-to-electron transduction and local signal amplification demonstrating a sensitivity larger than 2300 mV V-1 dec-1, which overcomes the fundamental limit. It provides both ion detection over a range of five orders of magnitude and real-time monitoring of variations two orders of magnitude lower than the detected concentration, viz. multiscale ion detection. The approach is generally applicable to several transistor technologies and opens opportunities for multifunctional enhanced bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Romele
- University of Brescia, Department of Information Engineering, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Katharina Lieberth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zsolt M Kovács-Vajna
- University of Brescia, Department of Information Engineering, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Information Engineering, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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27
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Ricci S, Casalini S, Parkula V, Selvaraj M, Saygin GD, Greco P, Biscarini F, Mas-Torrent M. Label-free immunodetection of α-synuclein by using a microfluidics coplanar electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112433. [PMID: 32771862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein is a critical event in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson or Alzheimer. Here, we present a label-free sensor based on an Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistor (EGOFET) integrated with microfluidics that allows for the detection of amounts of α-synuclein in the range from 0.25 pM to 25 nM. The lower limit of detection (LOD) measures the potential of our integrated device as a tool for prognostics and diagnostics. In our device, the gate electrode is the effective sensing element as it is functionalised with anti-(α-synuclein) antibodies using a dual strategy: i) an amino-terminated self-assembled monolayer activated by glutaraldehyde, and ii) the His-tagged recombinant protein G. In both approaches, comparable sensitivity values were achieved, featuring very low LOD values at the sub-pM level. The microfluidics engineering is central to achieve a controlled functionalisation of the gate electrode and avoid contamination or physisorption on the organic semiconductor. The demonstrated sensing architecture, being a disposable stand-alone chip, can be operated as a point-of-care test, but also it might represent a promising label-free tool to explore in-vitro protein aggregation that takes place during the progression of neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ricci
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Casalini
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Vitaliy Parkula
- Scriba Nanotecnologie srl, via di Corticella 183/8, 40128, Bologna, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Meenu Selvaraj
- Scriba Nanotecnologie srl, via di Corticella 183/8, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Scriba Nanotecnologie srl, via di Corticella 183/8, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy; Center for Translational Neurophysiology - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus de La Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Kuan DH, Huang NT. Recent advancements in microfluidics that integrate electrical sensors for whole blood analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3318-3332. [PMID: 32930218 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood analysis reveals crucial information about various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis, infection, and immune status, among others. Despite this rich information, the complex composition of whole blood usually required multiple sample preparation steps to purify targeted analytes. Traditionally, whole blood preparation processes, including centrifugation, lysis, dilution, or staining, are usually manually operated by well-trained technicians using bench-top instruments. This preparation can require a large blood volume and cannot be directly integrated with detection systems. Recently, various studies have integrated microfluidics with electrical sensors for whole blood analysis, with a focus on cell-based analysis, such as cell type, number, morphology, phenotype, and secreted molecules. These miniaturized systems require less sample and shorter reaction times. Besides, the sample processing and analysis can be fully integrated and automated with minimal operations. We believe these systems can transfer the current whole blood analysis from hospitals or laboratories into clinics or home settings to enable real-time and continuous health condition monitoring in point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Han Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Nien-Tsu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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29
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Aspermair P, Ramach U, Reiner-Rozman C, Fossati S, Lechner B, Moya SE, Azzaroni O, Dostalek J, Szunerits S, Knoll W, Bintinger J. Dual Monitoring of Surface Reactions in Real Time by Combined Surface-Plasmon Resonance and Field-Effect Transistor Interrogation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11709-11716. [PMID: 32407629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
By combining surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrolyte gated field-effect transistor (EG-FET) methods in a single analytical device we introduce a novel tool for surface investigations, enabling simultaneous measurements of the surface mass and charge density changes in real time. This is realized using a gold sensor surface that simultaneously serves as a gate electrode of the EG-FET and as the SPR active interface. This novel platform has the potential to provide new insights into (bio)adsorption processes on planar solid surfaces by directly relating complementary measurement principles based on (i) detuning of SPR as a result of the modification of the interfacial refractive index profile by surface adsorption processes and (ii) change of output current as a result of the emanating effective gate voltage modulations. Furthermore, combination of the two complementary sensing concepts allows for the comparison and respective validation of both analytical techniques. A theoretical model is derived describing the mass uptake and evolution of surface charge density during polyelectrolyte multilayer formation. We demonstrate the potential of this combined platform through the observation of layer-by-layer assembly of PDADMAC and PSS. These simultaneous label-free and real-time measurements allow new insights into complex processes at the solid-liquid interface (like non-Fickian ion diffusion), which are beyond the scope of each individual tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aspermair
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Universite Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, Universite de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ulrich Ramach
- CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ciril Reiner-Rozman
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefan Fossati
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Bernadette Lechner
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sergio E Moya
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182 C, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Universite Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, Universite de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johannes Bintinger
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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30
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Parkula V, Berto M, Diacci C, Patrahau B, Di Lauro M, Kovtun A, Liscio A, Sensi M, Samorì P, Greco P, Bortolotti CA, Biscarini F. Harnessing Selectivity and Sensitivity in Electronic Biosensing: A Novel Lab-on-Chip Multigate Organic Transistor. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9330-9337. [PMID: 32483968 PMCID: PMC8007075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte gated organic transistors can operate as powerful ultrasensitive biosensors, and efforts are currently devoted to devising strategies for reducing the contribution of hardly avoidable, nonspecific interactions to their response, to ultimately harness selectivity in the detection process. We report a novel lab-on-a-chip device integrating a multigate electrolyte gated organic field-effect transistor (EGOFET) with a 6.5 μL microfluidics set up capable to provide an assessment of both the response reproducibility, by enabling measurement in triplicate, and of the device selectivity through the presence of an internal reference electrode. As proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the efficient operation of our pentacene based EGOFET sensing platform through the quantification of tumor necrosis factor alpha with a detection limit as low as 3 pM. Sensing of inflammatory cytokines, which also include TNFα, is of the outmost importance for monitoring a large number of diseases. The multiplexable organic electronic lab-on-chip provides a statistically solid, reliable, and selective response on microliters sample volumes on the minutes time scale, thus matching the relevant key-performance indicators required in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Parkula
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Scriba Nanotecnologie S.r.l., Via di Corticella 1838, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Berto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Diacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Bianca Patrahau
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 70068, Alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Di Lauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Liscio
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Sensi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 70068, Alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Scriba Nanotecnologie S.r.l., Via di Corticella 1838, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo A Bortolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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31
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Le Gall J, Mouillard F, Le TN, Vu TT, Mattana G, Brayner R, Zrig S, Noël V, Piro B. Monitoring photosynthetic microorganism activity with an electrolyte-gated organic field effect transistor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 157:112166. [PMID: 32250936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) have been extensively used for cell monitoring while Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors (EGOFETs) have never been described for that kind of application. However, EGOFETs are well adapted for this use because, as well as OECTs, they can operate directly in aqueous solutions such as cells culture media, but they offer much a higher on/off ratio which could lead to better sensitivity. As a proof of concept, we propose herein to monitor the photosynthetic activity of a cyanobacterium (Anabaena flos-aquae) contained within an EGOFET's electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Le Gall
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Flavien Mouillard
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Trung Ngoc Le
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology (AMSN), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghĩa Đô, Cầu Giấy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thu Vu
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology (AMSN), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghĩa Đô, Cầu Giấy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Giorgio Mattana
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Brayner
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Samia Zrig
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Noël
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - B Piro
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 Rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France.
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32
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Griffith MJ, Holmes NP, Elkington DC, Cottam S, Stamenkovic J, Kilcoyne ALD, Andersen TR. Manipulating nanoscale structure to control functionality in printed organic photovoltaic, transistor and bioelectronic devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:092002. [PMID: 31726444 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab57d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Printed electronics is simultaneously one of the most intensely studied emerging research areas in science and technology and one of the fastest growing commercial markets in the world today. For the past decade the potential for organic electronic (OE) materials to revolutionize this printed electronics space has been widely promoted. Such conviction in the potential of these carbon-based semiconducting materials arises from their ability to be dissolved in solution, and thus the exciting possibility of simply printing a range of multifunctional devices onto flexible substrates at high speeds for very low cost using standard roll-to-roll printing techniques. However, the transition from promising laboratory innovations to large scale prototypes requires precise control of nanoscale material and device structure across large areas during printing fabrication. Maintaining this nanoscale material control during printing presents a significant new challenge that demands the coupling of OE materials and devices with clever nanoscience fabrication approaches that are adapted to the limited thermodynamic levers available. In this review we present an update on the strategies and capabilities that are required in order to manipulate the nanoscale structure of large area printed organic photovoltaic (OPV), transistor and bioelectronics devices in order to control their device functionality. This discussion covers a range of efforts to manipulate the electroactive ink materials and their nanostructured assembly into devices, and also device processing strategies to tune the nanoscale material properties and assembly routes through printing fabrication. The review finishes by highlighting progress in printed OE devices that provide a feedback loop between laboratory nanoscience innovations and their feasibility in adapting to large scale printing fabrication. The ability to control material properties on the nanoscale whilst simultaneously printing functional devices on the square metre scale is prompting innovative developments in the targeted nanoscience required for OPV, transistor and biofunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Griffith
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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33
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Leydecker T, Wang ZM, Torricelli F, Orgiu E. Organic-based inverters: basic concepts, materials, novel architectures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7627-7670. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The review article covers the materials and techniques employed to fabricate organic-based inverter circuits and highlights their novel architectures, ground-breaking performances and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leydecker
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)
| | - Zhiming M. Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- China
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Department of Information Engineering
- University of Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)
- EMT Center
- Varennes J3X 1S2
- Canada
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34
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Liu N, Chen R, Wan Q. Recent Advances in Electric-Double-Layer Transistors for Bio-Chemical Sensing Applications. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19153425. [PMID: 31387221 PMCID: PMC6696065 DOI: 10.3390/s19153425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As promising biochemical sensors, ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are used widely in the growing field of biochemical sensing applications. Recently, a new type of field-effect transistor gated by ionic electrolytes has attracted intense attention due to the extremely strong electric-double-layer (EDL) gating effect. In such devices, the carrier density of the semiconductor channel can be effectively modulated by an ion-induced EDL capacitance at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. With advantages of large specific capacitance, low operating voltage and sensitive interfacial properties, various EDL-based transistor (EDLT) devices have been developed for ultrasensitive portable sensing applications. In this article, we will review the recent progress of EDLT-based biochemical sensors. Starting with a brief introduction of the concepts of EDL capacitance and EDLT, we describe the material compositions and the working principle of EDLT devices. Moreover, the biochemical sensing performances of several important EDLTs are discussed in detail, including organic-based EDLTs, oxide-based EDLTs, nanomaterial-based EDLTs and neuromorphic EDLTs. Finally, the main challenges and development prospects of EDLT-based biochemical sensors are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Qing Wan
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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35
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Nguyen T, Tran H, Vu T, Reisberg S, Noël V, Mattana G, Pham M, Piro B. Peptide-modified electrolyte-gated organic field effect transistor. Application to Cu2+ detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 127:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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