1
|
Ren A, Hu J, Qin C, Xia N, Yu M, Xu X, Yang H, Han M, Zhang L, Ma L. Oral administration microrobots for drug delivery. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:163-190. [PMID: 38808156 PMCID: PMC11130999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral administration is the most simple, noninvasive, convenient treatment. With the increasing demands on the targeted drug delivery, the traditional oral treatment now is facing some challenges: 1) biologics how to implement the oral treatment and ensure the bioavailability is not lower than the subcutaneous injections; 2) How to achieve targeted therapy of some drugs in the gastrointestinal tract? Based on these two issues, drug delivery microrobots have shown great application prospect in oral drug delivery due to their characteristics of flexible locomotion or driven ability. Therefore, this paper summarizes various drug delivery microrobots developed in recent years and divides them into four categories according to different driving modes: magnetic-controlled drug delivery microrobots, anchored drug delivery microrobots, self-propelled drug delivery microrobots and biohybrid drug delivery microrobots. As oral drug delivery microrobots involve disciplines such as materials science, mechanical engineering, medicine, and control systems, this paper begins by introducing the gastrointestinal barriers that oral drug delivery must overcome. Subsequently, it provides an overview of typical materials involved in the design process of oral drug delivery microrobots. To enhance readers' understanding of the working principles and design process of oral drug delivery microrobots, we present a guideline for designing such microrobots. Furthermore, the current development status of various types of oral drug delivery microrobots is reviewed, summarizing their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, considering the significant concerns regarding safety and clinical translation, we discuss the challenges and prospections of clinical translation for various oral drug delivery microrobots presented in this paper, providing corresponding suggestions for addressing some existing challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changwei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804 China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Ren L, Chen Y, Cao Y, Li S, Lu W, Jia Y, Li Y, Liu C, Li C, Dong Q. An Octopus-Inspired Stimulus-Responsive Structural Color Hydrogel for Uterus Cervical Canal Stent. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400439. [PMID: 38870451 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Soft-bodied aquatic organisms have exhibited remarkable capabilities in navigating and moving within liquid environments serving as a profound inspiration for the development of bionic robots with intricate movements. Traditional rigid components are being replaced by stimulus-responsive soft materials such as hydrogels and shape memory polymers, leading to the creation of dynamically responsive soft robots. In this study, the development of a bionic robot inspired by the shape of an octopus and the adsorptive properties of its tentacles, specifically tailored for targeted stimulation and pH sensing in the cervix, are presented. This approach involves the design of a soft, water-based Janus adhesive hydrogel patch that adheres to specific parts of the cervix and responds to pH changes through external stimuli. The hydrogel patch incorporates inverse opal microstructures mimicking the legs of an octopus, to facilitate efficient and stable locomotion, unidirectional transport of biofluids, and pH-responsive behavior. This miniature bionic robot showcases controlled adhesion and precise unidirectional fluid transport highlighting its potential for targeted stimulus response and pH sensing in the uterine cervical tract. This breakthrough opens new avenues for medical applications within the expanding field of soft-bodied robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zhang
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lehao Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sunlong Li
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weipeng Lu
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaoyuan Jia
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yachun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201601, China
| | - Cihui Liu
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bozuyuk U, Wrede P, Yildiz E, Sitti M. Roadmap for Clinical Translation of Mobile Microrobotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311462. [PMID: 38380776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Medical microrobotics is an emerging field to revolutionize clinical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics of various diseases. On the other hand, the mobile microrobotics field has important obstacles to pass before clinical translation. This article focuses on these challenges and provides a roadmap of medical microrobots to enable their clinical use. From the concept of a "magic bullet" to the physicochemical interactions of microrobots in complex biological environments in medical applications, there are several translational steps to consider. Clinical translation of mobile microrobots is only possible with a close collaboration between clinical experts and microrobotics researchers to address the technical challenges in microfabrication, safety, and imaging. The clinical application potential can be materialized by designing microrobots that can solve the current main challenges, such as actuation limitations, material stability, and imaging constraints. The strengths and weaknesses of the current progress in the microrobotics field are discussed and a roadmap for their clinical applications in the near future is outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Bozuyuk
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul Wrede
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Erdost Yildiz
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao F, Jiang H, Wang D, Wang S, Song W. Bio‐Inspired Magnetic‐Responsive Supramolecular‐Covalent Semi‐Convertible Hydrogel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401645. [PMID: 38754860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Bio-inspired magnetic-responsive hydrogel is confined in exceedingly narrow spaces for soft robots and biomedicine in either gel state or magnetofluidic sol state. However, the motion of the gel state magnetic hydrogel will be inhibited in various irregular spaces due to the fixed shape and size and the sol-state magnetofluid gel may bring unpredictable residues in the confined narrow space. Inspired by the dynamic liquid lubricating mechanism of biological systems, novel magnetic-responsive semi-convertible hydrogel (MSCH) is developed through imbedding magnetic-responsive gelatin and amino-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles network into the covalent network of polyvinyl alcohol, which can be switched between gel state and gel-sol state in response to magnetic stimuli. It can be attributed the disassembly of triple-helix structures of the gelatin under the action of the magnetic field, driven by force from the magnetic particles conjugated on the gelatin chain through electrostatic interactions, while the covalent network retains the hydrogel structural integrity. This leads to a sol layer on the MSCH surface enabling the MSCH to pass effectively through the confined channel or obstacle under magnetic field. The present MSCH will provide an alternative mode for magnetic field-related soft robots or actuators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dayang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Zheng W, Xia Y, Zhang L, Cao Y, Li S, Lu W, Liu C, Fu S. Implantable Resistive Strain Sensor-Decorated Colloidal Crystal Hydrogel Catheter for Intestinal Tract Pressure Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21736-21745. [PMID: 38630008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In the quest to develop advanced monitoring systems for intestinal peristaltic stress, this study introduces a groundbreaking approach inspired by nature's sensory networks. By the integration of novel materials and innovative manufacturing techniques, a multifunctional Janus hydrogel patch has been engineered. This unique patch not only demonstrates superior stress-sensing capabilities in the intricate intestinal environment but also enables adhesion to wet tissue surfaces. This achievement opens new avenues for real-time physiological monitoring and potential therapeutic interventions in the realm of gastrointestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 41300, China
| | - Youchen Xia
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sunlong Li
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weipeng Lu
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cihui Liu
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sengwang Fu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee MS, Lee JA, Biondo JR, Lux JE, Raig RM, Berger PN, Bernhards CB, Kuhn DL, Gupta MK, Lux MW. Cell-Free Protein Expression in Polymer Materials. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1152-1164. [PMID: 38467017 PMCID: PMC11036507 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
While synthetic biology has advanced complex capabilities such as sensing and molecular synthesis in aqueous solutions, important applications may also be pursued for biological systems in solid materials. Harsh processing conditions used to produce many synthetic materials such as plastics make the incorporation of biological functionality challenging. One technology that shows promise in circumventing these issues is cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS), where core cellular functionality is reconstituted outside the cell. CFPS enables genetic functions to be implemented without the complications of membrane transport or concerns over the cellular viability or release of genetically modified organisms. Here, we demonstrate that dried CFPS reactions have remarkable tolerance to heat and organic solvent exposure during the casting processes for polymer materials. We demonstrate the utility of this observation by creating plastics that have spatially patterned genetic functionality, produce antimicrobials in situ, and perform sensing reactions. The resulting materials unlock the potential to deliver DNA-programmable biofunctionality in a ubiquitous class of synthetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn S. Lee
- U.S.
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Lee
- U.S.
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
- Defense
Threat Reduction Agency, 2800 Bush River Road, Gunpowder, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - John R. Biondo
- U.S.
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
- Excet
Inc., 6225 Brandon Avenue,
Suite 360, Springfield, Virginia 22150, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Lux
- US
Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th Street, B652/R122, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES
Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia
Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Raig
- US
Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th Street, B652/R122, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES
Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia
Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Pierce N. Berger
- U.S.
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Casey B. Bernhards
- U.S.
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Danielle L. Kuhn
- U.S.
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Maneesh K. Gupta
- US
Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th Street, B652/R122, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Matthew W. Lux
- U.S.
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu X, Zhou Y, Li M, Wu J, He G, Jiao N. Catheter-Assisted Bioinspired Adhesive Magnetic Soft Millirobot for Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306510. [PMID: 37880878 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft millirobots have evolved into various therapeutic applications in the medical field, including for vascular dredging, cell transportation, and drug delivery, owing to adaptability to their surroundings. However, most soft millirobots cannot quickly enter, retrieve, and maintain operations in their original locations after removing the external actuation field. This study introduces a soft magnetic millirobot for targeted medicine delivery that can be transported into the body through a catheter and anchored to the tissues. The millirobot has a bilayer adhesive body with a mussel-inspired hydrogel layer and an octopus-inspired magnetic structural layer. It completes entry and retrieval with the assistance of a medical catheter based on the difference between the adhesion of the hydrogel layer in air and water. The millirobot can operate in multiple modes of motion under external magnetic fields and underwater tissue adhesion after self-unfolding with the structural layer. The adaptability and recyclability of the millirobots are demonstrated using a stomach model. Combined with ultrasound (US) imaging, operational feasibility within organisms is shown in isolated small intestines. In addition, a highly efficient targeted drug delivery is confirmed using a fluorescence imaging system. Therefore, the proposed soft magnetic millirobots have significant potential for medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guannan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Niandong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu H, Wu X, Liu R, Wang W, Zhang D, Jiang Q. Cartilage-on-a-chip with magneto-mechanical transformation for osteoarthritis recruitment. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:61-68. [PMID: 38024232 PMCID: PMC10661690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease primarily induced by overstrain, leading to disability and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. However, current OA studies lack an ideal in vitro model, which can recapitulate the high peripheral strain of the joint and precisely model the disease onset process. In this paper, we propose a novel cartilage-on-a-chip platform that incorporates a biohybrid hydrogel comprising Neodymium (NdFeB)/Poly-GelMA-HAMA remote magneto-control hydrogel film. This platform facilitates chondrocyte culture and stress loading, enabling the investigation of chondrocytes under various stress stimuli. The Neodymium (NdFeB)/Poly-GelMA-HAMA hydrogel film exhibits magneto-responsive shape-transition behavior, further dragging the chondrocytes cultured in hydrogels under magnetic stimulation. It was investigated that inflammation-related genes and proteins in chondrocytes are changed with mechanical stress stimulation in the cartilage-on-a-chip. Especially, MMP-13 and the proportion of collagen secretion are upregulated, showing a phenotype similar to that of real human osteoarthritis. Therefore, we believed that this cartilage-on-a-chip platform provides a desired in vitro model for osteoarthritis, which is of great significance in disease research and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyi Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dagan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Xing D, Bai Y, Du Y, Lang S, Li K, Xiang J, Liu G, Liu S. Injectable hydrogel with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties for postoperative tumor wound care. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025028. [PMID: 38290161 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Clinically, tumor removal surgery leaves irregularly shaped wounds that are susceptible to bacterial infection and further lead to excessive inflammation. Injectable hydrogel dressings with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties have been recognized as an effective strategy to care for postoperative tumor wounds and prevent recurrence in recent years. In this work, we constructed a hydrogel network by ionic bonding interactions between quaternized chitosan (QCS) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-Zn complexes which were coordinated by EGCG and zinc ions. Because of the synergistic effect of QCS and EGCG-Zn, the hydrogel exhibited outstanding antimicrobial capacity (>99.9% inhibition), which could prevent infections caused byEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the hydrogel was able to inhibit the growth of mice breast cancer cells (56.81% survival rate within 72 h) and reduce inflammation, which was attributed to the sustained release of EGCG. The results showed that the hydrogel was effective in inhibiting tumor recurrence and accelerating wound closure when applied to the postoperative tumor wounds. This study provided a simple and reliable strategy for postoperative tumor wound care using antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory injectable dressings, confirming their great potential in the field of postoperative wound dressings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Li
- Department of Oncology, Dazhou Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Dazhou Second People's Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Xing
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjing Bai
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangrui Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Lang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang 414100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang S, Lim S, Tasmim S, Kalairaj MS, Rivera-Tarazona LK, Abdelrahman MK, Javed M, George SM, Lee YJ, Jawed MK, Ware TH. Reconfigurable Growth of Engineered Living Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2309818. [PMID: 38288578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The growth of multicellular organisms is a process akin to additive manufacturing where cellular proliferation and mechanical boundary conditions, among other factors, drive morphogenesis. Engineers have limited ability to engineer morphogenesis to manufacture goods or to reconfigure materials comprised of biomass. Herein, a method that uses biological processes to grow and regrow magnetic engineered living materials (mELMs) into desired geometries is reported. These composites contain Saccharomyces cerevisiae and magnetic particles within a hydrogel matrix. The reconfigurable manufacturing process relies on the growth of living cells, magnetic forces, and elastic recovery of the hydrogel. The mELM then adopts a form in an external magnetic field. Yeast within the material proliferates, resulting in 259 ± 14% volume expansion. Yeast proliferation fixes the magnetic deformation, even when the magnetic field is removed. The shape fixity can be up to 99.3 ± 0.3%. The grown mELM can recover up to 73.9 ± 1.9% of the original form by removing yeast cell walls. The directed growth and recovery process can be repeated at least five times. This work enables ELMs to be processed and reprocessed into user-defined geometries without external material deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suitu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Sangmin Lim
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Seelay Tasmim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | | | | | - Mustafa K Abdelrahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Mahjabeen Javed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Sasha M George
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - M Khalid Jawed
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei H, Sun B, Zhang S, Tang J. Magnetoactive Millirobots with Ternary Phase Transition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3944-3954. [PMID: 38214466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Magnetoactive soft millirobots have made significant advances in programmable deformation, multimodal locomotion, and untethered manipulation in unreachable regions. However, the inherent limitations are manifested in the solid-phase millirobot as limited deformability and in the liquid-phase millirobot as low stiffness. Herein, we propose a ternary-state magnetoactive millirobot based on a phase transitional polymer embedded with magnetic nanoparticles. The millirobot can reversibly transit among the liquid, solid, and viscous-fluid phases through heating and cooling. The liquid-phase millirobot has elastic deformation and mobility for unimpeded navigation in a constrained space. The viscous-fluid phase millirobot shows irreversible deformation and large ductility. The solid-phase millirobot shows good shape stability and controllable locomotion. Moreover, the ternary-state magnetoactive millirobot can achieve prominent capabilities including stiffness change and shape reconfiguration through phase transition. The millirobot can perform potential functions of navigation in complex terrain, three-dimensional circuit connection, and simulated treatment in a stomach model. This magnetoactive millirobot may find new applications in flexible electronics and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangsan Wei
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bonan Sun
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingda Tang
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naik DA, Matonis S, Balakrishnan G, Bettinger CJ. Intestinal retentive systems - recent advances and emerging approaches. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:64-78. [PMID: 38047746 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01842c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal retentive devices (IRDs) are devices designed to anchor within the lumen of the intestines for long-term residence in the gastrointestinal tract. IRDs can enable impactful medical device technologies including sustained oral drug delivery systems, indwelling sensors, or real-time diagnostics. The design and testing of IRDs present a myriad of challenges, including precise deployment of the device at desired intestinal locations, secure anchoring within the gastrointestinal tract to allow for natural function, and safe removal of the IRD at user-defined times. Advancing the state-of-the-art of IRD is an interdisciplinary effort that requires innovations such as new materials, novel anchoring mechanisms, and medical device design with consistent input from clinical practitioners and end-users. This perspective briefly reviews the current state-of-the-art for IRDs and charts a path forward to inform the design of future concepts. Specifically, this article will highlight materials, retention mechanisms, and test beds to measure the efficacy of IRDs and their mechanisms. Finally, potential synergies between IRD and other medical device technologies are presented to identify future opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durva A Naik
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Spencer Matonis
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Gaurav Balakrishnan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Christopher J Bettinger
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall 3325, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall 4N201, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun X, Zhang P, Ye Z, Li L, Li Q, Zhang H, Liu B, Gui L. A Soft Capsule for Magnetically Driven Drug Delivery Based on a Hard-Magnetic Elastomer Foam. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6915-6925. [PMID: 37527429 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems based on porous soft biomaterials have been widely reported because of stimuli-responsive drug release and their inherent reservoirs for drug storage. Especially, magnetic-responsive porous soft biomaterials achieve rapid and real-time control of drug release due to the magnetic field-triggered large deformation. However, the drug release profiles of these materials are difficult to predict and repeat, which restrict them from releasing drugs in the required dosage. Here, we report a soft capsule based on a flexible hard-magnetic elastomer foam (HEF) for magnetically controlled on-demand drug delivery. The HEF capsule contains an inner HEF and an outer elastomer shell. The HEF exhibits low elastic modulus (10 kPa) and highly interconnected pores (81% interconnected pores). Benefitting from the novel precompressed magnetization, the compressive deformation of HEF reaches 66%. Thus, an adjustable drug release rate ranging from 0.02 to 1.7 mL/min in the HEF capsule is achieved. The deformation-triggered drug release profiles of the HEF capsule under the magnetic field are accurately predicted, allowing 85% accuracy in drug dosage regulation and more than 90% maximum cumulative drug release. Especially, the HEF capsule is proven capable of acting as a soft robot to perform magnetically driven drug delivery in a human stomach model. HEF can potentially serve as a soft robot for biomedical applications in the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kjeldsen RB, Ghavami M, Thamdrup LH, Boisen A. Magnetic and/or Radiopaque Functionalization of Self-Unfolding Foils for Improved Applicability within Oral Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6773-6782. [PMID: 37989264 PMCID: PMC10716816 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Various types of microfabricated devices have been proposed for overcoming the gastrointestinal (GI) challenges associated with oral administration of pharmaceutical compounds. However, unidirectional drug release in very close forced proximity to the intestinal wall still appears to be an unresolved issue for many of these microdevices, which typically show low drug absorption and thereby low bioavailabilities. This work explores how recently developed and promising self-unfolding foils (SUFs) can be magnetically and/or radiopaquely (M/R-) functionalized, by the addition of BaSO4 or Fe3O4 nanoparticles, for improving their applicability within oral drug delivery. Through surface characterization, mechanical testing, and X-ray imaging, the (M/R-)SUFs are generally inspected and their overall properties compared. Furthermore, R-SUFs are being used in an in vivo rat X-ray imaging study, whereas in situ rat testing of MR-SUFs are attempted together with an investigation of their general magnetic properties. Unfolding of the R-SUF, and its very close forced proximity to the small intestine, is very easily observed 2 h post-administration by applying both computed tomography scanning and planar X-ray imaging. In addition, MR-SUFs show a great magnetic response in water, which suggests the possibility for controlled motion and retention in the GI tract. However, the magnetic response does not seem strong enough for in situ rat testing, but most likely a strong magnetization of the MR-SUFs using for example an impulse magnetizer can be made for increasing the magnetic response. All of the results presented herein are highly relevant and applicable for future usage of (M/R-)SUFs, as well as similar devices, in pre-clinical studies and potential clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Bech Kjeldsen
- The Danish National Research
Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug
Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN),
Department of Health Technology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mahdi Ghavami
- The Danish National Research
Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug
Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN),
Department of Health Technology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse Højlund
Eklund Thamdrup
- The Danish National Research
Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug
Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN),
Department of Health Technology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research
Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug
Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN),
Department of Health Technology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tanniche I, Behkam B. Engineered live bacteria as disease detection and diagnosis tools. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 37875910 PMCID: PMC10598922 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and minimally invasive medical diagnostics are essential to the early detection of diseases, monitoring their progression and response to treatment. Engineered bacteria as live sensors are being developed as a new class of biosensors for sensitive, robust, noninvasive, and in situ detection of disease onset at low cost. Akin to microrobotic systems, a combination of simple genetic rules, basic logic gates, and complex synthetic bioengineering principles are used to program bacterial vectors as living machines for detecting biomarkers of diseases, some of which cannot be detected with other sensing technologies. Bacterial whole-cell biosensors (BWCBs) can have wide-ranging functions from detection only, to detection and recording, to closed-loop detection-regulated treatment. In this review article, we first summarize the unique benefits of bacteria as living sensors. We then describe the different bacteria-based diagnosis approaches and provide examples of diagnosing various diseases and disorders. We also discuss the use of bacteria as imaging vectors for disease detection and image-guided surgery. We conclude by highlighting current challenges and opportunities for further exploration toward clinical translation of these bacteria-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Tanniche
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineered and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Engineered Health, Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Van de Steene T, Tanghe E, Martens L, Garripoli C, Stanzione S, Joseph W. Optimal Frequency and Wireless Power Budget for Miniature Receivers in Obese People. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8084. [PMID: 37836914 PMCID: PMC10574982 DOI: 10.3390/s23198084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates wireless power transfer for deep in-body receivers, determining the optimal frequency, power budget, and design for the transmitter and receiver. In particular, the focus is on small, in-body receivers at large depths up to 20 cm for obese patients. This enables long-term monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract for all body types. Numerical simulations are used to investigate power transfer and losses as a function of frequency and to find the optimal design at the selected frequency for an obese body model. From all ISM-frequencies in the investigated range (1 kHz-10 GHz), the value of 13.56 MHz yields the best performance. This optimum corresponds to the transition from dominant copper losses in conductors to dominant losses in conductive tissue. At this frequency, a transmitting and receiving coil are designed consisting of 12 and 23 windings, respectively. With a power transfer efficiency of 2.70×10-5, 18 µW can be received for an input power of 0.68 W while still satisfying exposure guidelines. The power transfer is validated by measurements. For the first time, efficiency values and the power budget are reported for WPT through 20 cm of tissue to mm sized receivers. Compared to WPT at higher frequencies, as commonly used for small receivers, the proposed system is more suitable for WPT to large depths in-body and comes with the advantage that no focusing is required, which can accommodate multiple receivers and uncertainty about receiver location more easily. The received power allows long-term sensing in the gastrointestinal tract by, e.g., temperature, pressure, and pH sensors, motility sensing, or even gastric stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van de Steene
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmeric Tanghe
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Martens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/imec, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nelson MT, Coia HG, Holt C, Greenwood ES, Narayanan L, Robinson PJ, Merrill EA, Litteral V, Goodson MS, Saldanha RJ, Grogg MW, Mauzy CA. Evaluation of Human Performance Aiding Live Synthetically Engineered Bacteria in a Gut-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5136-5150. [PMID: 36198112 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotics are a new class of live therapeutics employing engineered genetic circuits. The rapid adoption of genetic editing tools has catalyzed the expansion of possible synbiotics, exceeding traditional testing paradigms in terms of both throughput and model complexity. Herein, we present a simplistic gut-chip model using common Caco2 and HT-29 cell lines to establish a dynamic human screening platform for a cortisol sensing tryptamine producing synbiotic for cognitive performance sustainment. The synbiotic, SYN, was engineered from the common probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 strain. It had the ability to sense cortisol at physiological concentrations, resulting in the activation of a genetic circuit that produces tryptophan decarboxylase and converts bioavailable tryptophan to tryptamine. SYN was successfully cultivated within the gut-chip showing log-phase growth comparable to the wild-type strain. Tryptophan metabolism occurred quickly in the gut compartment when exposed to 5 μM cortisol, resulting in the complete conversion of bioavailable tryptophan into tryptamine. The flux of tryptophan and tryptamine from the gut to the vascular compartment of the chip was delayed by 12 h, as indicated by the detectable tryptamine in the vascular compartment. The gut-chip provided a stable environment to characterize the sensitivity of the cortisol sensor and dynamic range by altering cortisol and tryptophan dosimetry. Collectively, the human gut-chip provided human relevant apparent permeability to assess tryptophan and tryptamine metabolism, production, and transport, enabled host analyses of cellular viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and succeeded in providing an efficacy test of a novel synbiotic. Organ-on-a-chip technology holds promise in aiding traditional therapeutic pipelines to more rapidly down select high potential compounds that reduce the failure rate and accelerate the opportunity for clinical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tyler Nelson
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Heidi G Coia
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- National Research Council, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 500 Fifth Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001, United States
| | - Corey Holt
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Eric S Greenwood
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Latha Narayanan
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Peter J Robinson
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Elaine A Merrill
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vaughn Litteral
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Michael S Goodson
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Roland J Saldanha
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Matthew W Grogg
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Camilla A Mauzy
- United States Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, 2510 N 5th Street, Bldg. 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Inda-Webb ME, Jimenez M, Liu Q, Phan NV, Ahn J, Steiger C, Wentworth A, Riaz A, Zirtiloglu T, Wong K, Ishida K, Fabian N, Jenkins J, Kuosmanen J, Madani W, McNally R, Lai Y, Hayward A, Mimee M, Nadeau P, Chandrakasan AP, Traverso G, Yazicigil RT, Lu TK. Sub-1.4 cm 3 capsule for detecting labile inflammatory biomarkers in situ. Nature 2023; 620:386-392. [PMID: 37495692 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Transient molecules in the gastrointestinal tract such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are key signals and mediators of inflammation. Owing to their highly reactive nature and extremely short lifetime in the body, these molecules are difficult to detect. Here we develop a miniaturized device that integrates genetically engineered probiotic biosensors with a custom-designed photodetector and readout chip to track these molecules in the gastrointestinal tract. Leveraging the molecular specificity of living sensors1, we genetically encoded bacteria to respond to inflammation-associated molecules by producing luminescence. Low-power electronic readout circuits2 integrated into the device convert the light emitted by the encapsulated bacteria to a wireless signal. We demonstrate in vivo biosensor monitoring in the gastrointestinal tract of small and large animal models and the integration of all components into a sub-1.4 cm3 form factor that is compatible with ingestion and capable of supporting wireless communication. With this device, diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease could be diagnosed earlier than is currently possible, and disease progression could be more accurately tracked. The wireless detection of short-lived, disease-associated molecules with our device could also support timely communication between patients and caregivers, as well as remote personalized care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Inda-Webb
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Jimenez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N V Phan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Ahn
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Steiger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Wentworth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Riaz
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Zirtiloglu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Ishida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Fabian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Jenkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Kuosmanen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W Madani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R McNally
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Lai
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Hayward
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Mimee
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Division and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - A P Chandrakasan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - R T Yazicigil
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - T K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Senti Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cai L, Wang Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Ren H, Zhao Y. Designing self-triggered micro/milli devices for gastrointestinal tract drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1415-1425. [PMID: 37817636 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2269092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-triggered micro-/milli-devices (STMDs), which are artificial devices capable of responding to the surrounding environment and transferring external energy into kinetic energy, thus realizing autonomous movement, have come to the forefront as a powerful tool in cargo delivery via gastrointestinal tract. Urgent needs have been raised to overview the development of this area. AREAS COVERED We summarize the advancement of designing STMDs for delivery via gastrointestinal tract. We first give a brief overview on the opportunities and challenges of delivery via gastrointestinal tract involving gastric barriers and intestinal barriers. Then, emphasis is laid on the design and applications of STMDs for delivery via gastrointestinal tract. We focus on their morphological characteristics and function design, expounding their working mechanisms in the complex gastrointestinal tract. EXPERT OPINION Although with much progress in STMDs, there is still a huge gap between laboratory researches and clinical applications due to some limitations including latent digestive burden, sophisticated fabrication, unstable delivery, and so on. We give a discussion on the potential, challenges, and prospects of developing STMDs for delivery via gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Zhiqiang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu W, Choi SJ, George D, Li L, Zhong Z, Zhang R, Choi SY, Selaru FM, Gracias DH. Untethered shape-changing devices in the gastrointestinal tract. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1801-1822. [PMID: 38044866 PMCID: PMC10872387 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2291450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in microfabrication, automation, and computer engineering seek to revolutionize small-scale devices and machines. Emerging trends in medicine point to smart devices that emulate the motility, biosensing abilities, and intelligence of cells and pathogens that inhabit the human body. Two important characteristics of smart medical devices are the capability to be deployed in small conduits, which necessitates being untethered, and the capacity to perform mechanized functions, which requires autonomous shape-changing. AREAS COVERED We motivate the need for untethered shape-changing devices in the gastrointestinal tract for drug delivery, diagnosis, and targeted treatment. We survey existing structures and devices designed and utilized across length scales from the macro to the sub-millimeter. These devices range from triggerable pre-stressed thin film microgrippers and spring-loaded devices to shape-memory and differentially swelling structures. EXPERT OPINION Recent studies demonstrate that when fully enabled, tether-free and shape-changing devices, especially at sub-mm scales, could significantly advance the diagnosis and treatment of GI diseases ranging from cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by improving treatment efficacy, reducing costs, and increasing medication compliance. We discuss the challenges and possibilities associated with ensuring safe, reliable, and autonomous operation of these smart devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangqu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Derosh George
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zijian Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Si Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Florin M. Selaru
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luo Y, Li J, Ding Q, Wang H, Liu C, Wu J. Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:136. [PMID: 37225851 PMCID: PMC10209388 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Breathing is an inherent human activity; however, the composition of the air we inhale and gas exhale remains unknown to us. To address this, wearable vapor sensors can help people monitor air composition in real time to avoid underlying risks, and for the early detection and treatment of diseases for home healthcare. Hydrogels with three-dimensional polymer networks and large amounts of water molecules are naturally flexible and stretchable. Functionalized hydrogels are intrinsically conductive, self-healing, self-adhesive, biocompatible, and room-temperature sensitive. Compared with traditional rigid vapor sensors, hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors can directly fit human skin or clothing, and are more suitable for real-time monitoring of personal health and safety. In this review, current studies on hydrogel-based vapor sensors are investigated. The required properties and optimization methods of wearable hydrogel-based sensors are introduced. Subsequently, existing reports on the response mechanisms of hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors are summarized. Related works on hydrogel-based vapor sensors for their application in personal health and safety monitoring are presented. Moreover, the potential of hydrogels in the field of vapor sensing is elucidated. Finally, the current research status, challenges, and future trends of hydrogel gas/humidity sensing are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Zhu H, Li H, Wang Z, Sun M, Yang B, Wang Y, Wang L, Xu L. High-Strength Magnetic Hydrogels with Photoweldability Made by Stepwise Assembly of Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Integrated Aramid Nanofiber Composites. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9622-9632. [PMID: 37134301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels capable of transforming in response to a magnetic field hold great promise for applications in soft actuators and biomedical robots. However, achieving high mechanical strength and good manufacturability in magnetic hydrogels remains challenging. Here, inspired by natural load-bearing soft tissues, a class of composite magnetic hydrogels is developed with tissue-mimetic mechanical properties and photothermal welding/healing capability. In these hydrogels, a hybrid network involving aramid nanofibers, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and poly(vinyl alcohol) is accomplished by a stepwise assembly of the functional components. The engineered interactions between nanoscale constituents enable facile materials processing and confer a combination of excellent mechanical properties, magnetism, water content, and porosity. Furthermore, the photothermal property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles organized around the nanofiber network allows near-infrared welding of the hydrogels, providing a versatile means to fabricate heterogeneous structures with custom designs. Complex modes of magnetic actuation are made possible with the manufactured heterogeneous hydrogel structures, suggesting opportunities for further applications in implantable soft robots, drug delivery systems, human-machine interactions, and other technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuochen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre Limited, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hengjia Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hegeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Mingze Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre Limited, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre Limited, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roy A, Zhang Z, Eiken MK, Shi A, Pena-Francesch A, Loebel C. Programmable Tissue Folding Patterns in Structured Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300017. [PMID: 36961361 PMCID: PMC10518030 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Folding of mucosal tissues, such as the tissue within the epithelium of the upper respiratory airways, is critical for organ function. Studying the influence of folded tissue patterns on cellular function is challenging mainly due to the lack of suitable cell culture platforms that can recreate dynamic tissue folding in vitro. Here, a bilayer hydrogel folding system, composed of alginate/polyacrylamide double-network (DN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, to generate static folding patterns based on mechanical instabilities, is described. By encapsulating human fibroblasts into patterned HA hydrogels, human bronchial epithelial cells form a folded pseudostratified monolayer. Using magnetic microparticles, DN hydrogels reversibly fold into pre-defined patterns and enable programmable on-demand folding of cell-laden hydrogel systems upon applying a magnetic field. This hydrogel construction provides a dynamic culture system for mimicking tissue folding in vitro, which is extendable to other cell types and organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinava Roy
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zenghao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Madeline K Eiken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Shi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiao W, Liu J, Lu Z, Zhang P, Wei H, Yu Y. Simultaneous Polymerization Acceleration and Mechanical Enhancement for Printing a Biomimetic PEDOT Adhesive by Coordinative and Orthogonal Ruthenium Photochemistry. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:433-439. [PMID: 36930947 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are promising material candidates in fields ranging from flexible sensors and electronic skin applications to personalized medical monitoring. However, developing intrinsically conductive polymer hydrogels (ICPHs) with high mechanical properties and excellent printability is still challenging. Here, we introduce a simultaneous polymerization acceleration and mechanical enhancement (SPAME) strategy to construct PEDOT-based ICPHs via the rational design of coordinative and orthogonal ruthenium photochemistry (CORP). This orthogonal photochemistry triggers the oxidative polymerization of EDOT and the coupling of phenols within seconds under blue light irradiation. Benefiting from the bifunctional EDTA-Fe design, the photoreleased Fe(III) accelerated the EDOT polymerization and shortened the preparation time of ICPHs to a few seconds. At the same time, the addition of EDTA-Fe enhanced their mechanical properties, and both the critical strains and maximum stresses of the hydrogel doubled. Furthermore, the introduction of phenol residues in PAA-Ph significantly shortened the gelation time from several minutes to about 7 s. Thus, this fast and controllable CORP chemistry is compatible with standard printing techniques for engineering hydrogels for complex multifunctional structures for multifunctional bioelectronics and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jupen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hongqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu T, Ji S, Jin W, Yang Q, Luo Q, Ren TL. Biocompatible and Long-Term Monitoring Strategies of Wearable, Ingestible and Implantable Biosensors: Reform the Next Generation Healthcare. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2991. [PMID: 36991702 PMCID: PMC10054135 DOI: 10.3390/s23062991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sensors enable the detection of physiological indicators and pathological markers to assist in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring of diseases, in addition to playing an essential role in the observation and evaluation of physiological activities. The development of modern medical activities cannot be separated from the precise detection, reliable acquisition, and intelligent analysis of human body information. Therefore, sensors have become the core of new-generation health technologies along with the Internet of Things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence (AI). Previous research on the sensing of human information has conferred many superior properties on sensors, of which biocompatibility is one of the most important. Recently, biocompatible biosensors have developed rapidly to provide the possibility for the long-term and in-situ monitoring of physiological information. In this review, we summarize the ideal features and engineering realization strategies of three different types of biocompatible biosensors, including wearable, ingestible, and implantable sensors from the level of sensor designing and application. Additionally, the detection targets of the biosensors are further divided into vital life parameters (e.g., body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate), biochemical indicators, as well as physical and physiological parameters based on the clinical needs. In this review, starting from the emerging concept of next-generation diagnostics and healthcare technologies, we discuss how biocompatible sensors revolutionize the state-of-art healthcare system unprecedentedly, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced in the future development of biocompatible health sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lu
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shourui Ji
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiqiu Jin
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qisheng Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
An B, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Xun D, Church GM, Dai Z, Yi X, Tang TC, Zhong C. Engineered Living Materials For Sustainability. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2349-2419. [PMID: 36512650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science have given rise to a new form of materials, namely engineered living materials (ELMs), which are composed of living matter or cell communities embedded in self-regenerating matrices of their own or artificial scaffolds. Like natural materials such as bone, wood, and skin, ELMs, which possess the functional capabilities of living organisms, can grow, self-organize, and self-repair when needed. They also spontaneously perform programmed biological functions upon sensing external cues. Currently, ELMs show promise for green energy production, bioremediation, disease treatment, and fabricating advanced smart materials. This review first introduces the dynamic features of natural living systems and their potential for developing novel materials. We then summarize the recent research progress on living materials and emerging design strategies from both synthetic biology and materials science perspectives. Finally, we discuss the positive impacts of living materials on promoting sustainability and key future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolin An
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanyi Wang
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhu Liu
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongmin Xun
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - George M Church
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tzu-Chieh Tang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States
| | - Chao Zhong
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang H, Lyu Y, Nan K. Soft robot-enabled controlled release of oral drug formulations. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1269-1281. [PMID: 36723379 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The creation of highly effective oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) has long been the main objective of pharmaceutical research. Multidisciplinary efforts involving materials, electronics, control, and pharmaceutical sciences encourage the development of robot-enabled ODDSs. Compared with conventional rigid robots, soft robots potentially offer better mechanical compliance and biocompatibility with biological tissues, more versatile shape control and maneuverability, and multifunctionality. In this paper, we first describe and highlight the importance of manipulating drug release kinetics, i.e. pharmaceutical kinetics. We then introduce an overview of state-of-the-art soft robot-based ODDSs comprising resident, shape-programming, locomotive, and integrated soft robots. Finally, the challenges and outlook regarding future soft robot-based ODDS development are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yidan Lyu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kewang Nan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Binelli MR, Kan A, Rozas LEA, Pisaturo G, Prakash N, Studart AR. Complex Living Materials Made by Light-Based Printing of Genetically Programmed Bacteria. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207483. [PMID: 36444840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Living materials with embedded microorganisms can genetically encode attractive sensing, self-repairing, and responsive functionalities for applications in medicine, robotics, and infrastructure. While the synthetic toolbox for genetically engineering bacteria continues to expand, technologies to shape bacteria-laden living materials into complex 3D geometries are still rather limited. Here, it is shown that bacteria-laden hydrogels can be shaped into living materials with unusual architectures and functionalities using readily available light-based printing techniques. Bioluminescent and melanin-producing bacteria are used to create complex materials with autonomous chemical-sensing capabilities by harnessing the metabolic activity of wild-type and engineered microorganisms. The shaping freedom offered by printing technologies and the rich biochemical diversity available in bacteria provides ample design space for the creation and exploration of complex living materials with programmable functionalities for a broad range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco R Binelli
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Anton Kan
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Luis E A Rozas
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pisaturo
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Namita Prakash
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cao S, Bo R, Zhang Y. Polymeric Scaffolds for Regeneration of Central/Peripheral Nerves and Soft Connective Tissues. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunze Cao
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Laboratory for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Renheng Bo
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Laboratory for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering Mechanics Laboratory for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Shen J, Handschuh-Wang S, Qiu M, Du S, Wang B. Microrobots for Targeted Delivery and Therapy in Digestive System. ACS NANO 2023; 17:27-50. [PMID: 36534488 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Untethered miniature robots enable targeted delivery and therapy deep inside the gastrointestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner. By combining actuation systems and imaging tools, significant progress has been made toward the development of functional microrobots. These robots can be actuated by external fields and fuels while featuring real-time tracking feedback toward certain regions and can perform the therapeutic process by rational exertion of the local environment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., pH, enzyme). Compared with conventional surgical tools, such as endoscopic devices and catheters, miniature robots feature minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment, multifunctionality, high safety and adaptivity, embodied intelligence, and easy access to tortuous and narrow lumens. In addition, the active motion of microrobots enhances local penetration and retention of drugs in tissues compared to common passive oral drug delivery. Based on the dissimilar microenvironments in the various sections of the gastrointestinal tract, this review introduces the advances of miniature robots for minimally invasive targeted delivery and therapy of diseases along the gastrointestinal tract. The imaging modalities for the tracking and their application scenarios are also discussed. We finally evaluate the challenges and barriers that retard their applications and hint on future research directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518055, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spine Surgery, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518036, P.R. China
| | - Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518055, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518111, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518111, P.R. China
| | - Ben Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518055, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu S, Sun H, Li Y, Wei S, Xu J, Liu J. Hydrogels as promising platforms for engineered living bacteria-mediated therapeutic systems. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100435. [PMID: 36164505 PMCID: PMC9508596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of using engineered bacteria as prospective living therapeutic agents for the treatment of different diseases has been raised. Nevertheless, the development of safe and effective treatment strategies remains essential to the success of living bacteria-mediated therapy. Hydrogels have presented great promise for the delivery of living bacterial therapeutics due to their tunable physicochemical properties, good bioactivities, and excellent protection of labile payloads. In this review, we summarize the hydrogel design strategies for living bacteria-mediated therapy and review the recent advances in hydrogel-based living bacterial agent delivery for the treatment of typical diseases, including those for digestive health, skin fungal infections, wound healing, vaccines, and cancer, and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of these strategies in the field. It is believed that the importance of hydrogel-based living bacteria-mediated therapy is expected to further increase with the development of both synthetic biology and biomaterials science in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Yu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguang Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wei
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fukada K, Tajima T, Seyama M. Thermally Degradable Inductors with Water-Resistant Metal Leaf/Oleogel Wires and Gelatin/Chitosan Hydrogel Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44697-44703. [PMID: 36095329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ingestible electronics monitor biometric information from outside the body. Making them with harmless or digestible materials will contribute to further reducing the burden on the patient's oral intake. Here, considering that the inductive part plays an important role in communications, we demonstrate a degradable inductor fabricated with harmless substances. Such a transient component must meet conflicting requirements for both operation and disassembly. Therefore, we integrated a substrate made of gelatin, a thermally degradable material, and a precision coil pattern made of edible gold or silver leaf. However, gelatin itself lost its initial shape easily due to quick sol-gel changes in physiological conditions. Thus, we managed the gelatin's thermal responsiveness by using a tangle of gelatin/chitosan gel networks and genipin, an organic cross-linking agent, and gained insights into the criteria for developing transient devices with thermo-degradability. In addition, to compensate for the lack of water resistance and low conductivity of thin metal foils, we propose a laminated structure with oleogel (beeswax/olive oil). LCR resonance circuits, by connecting a commercial capacitor to the coil, worked wirelessly in the megahertz band and gradually degraded in a warm-water environment. The presented organic electronics will contribute to the future development of transient wireless communications for implantable and ingestible medical devices or environmental sensors with natural and harmless ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Fukada
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Takuro Tajima
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Michiko Seyama
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Deng N, Li J, Lyu H, Huang R, Liu H, Guo C. Degradable silk-based soft actuators with magnetic responsiveness. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7650-7660. [PMID: 36128873 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01328b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soft actuators with stimuli-responsiveness have great potential in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery. In this study, protein-based soft actuators with magnetic actuation are fabricated using naturally occurring silk proteins and synthesized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). Briefly, magnetic silk films are first prepared by solution casting of a mixture containing silk proteins, synthesized Fe3O4 NPs, and glycerol. The molecular structures of the magnetic silk films are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, which show that the β-sheet content in the films is about 20%. The mechanical tests show that the magnetic silk films can be stretched to over 200% under wet conditions and Young's modulus is estimated to be 4.89 ± 0.69 MPa, matching the stiffness of soft tissues. Furthermore, the enzymatic degradability, good biocompatibility, and in vivo X-ray visibility of the films are demonstrated by the in vitro enzymatic degradation test, in vivo biocompatibility test, and micro-CT imaging, respectively. Degradable silk-based soft actuators with magnetic responsiveness are successfully prepared by thermal forming or plastic molding of the magnetic silk films. The fabricated soft actuators can be actuated and move with precise locomotive gaits in solutions using a magnet. In addition, the retention of the soft actuators and localized drug delivery in gastrointestinal tracts by attaching a magnet to the abdominal skin are demonstrated using model systems. The degradable silk-based soft actuators provide many opportunities for improving current therapeutic strategies in biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niping Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Jinghang Li
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Hao Lyu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Ruochuan Huang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Haoran Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Chengchen Guo
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China. .,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nan K, Feig VR, Ying B, Howarth JG, Kang Z, Yang Y, Traverso G. Mucosa-interfacing electronics. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:908-925. [PMID: 36124042 PMCID: PMC9472746 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface mucosa that lines many of our organs houses myriad biometric signals and, therefore, has great potential as a sensor-tissue interface for high-fidelity and long-term biosensing. However, progress is still nascent for mucosa-interfacing electronics owing to challenges with establishing robust sensor-tissue interfaces; device localization, retention and removal; and power and data transfer. This is in sharp contrast to the rapidly advancing field of skin-interfacing electronics, which are replacing traditional hospital visits with minimally invasive, real-time, continuous and untethered biosensing. This Review aims to bridge the gap between skin-interfacing electronics and mucosa-interfacing electronics systems through a comparison of the properties and functions of the skin and internal mucosal surfaces. The major physiological signals accessible through mucosa-lined organs are surveyed and design considerations for the next generation of mucosa-interfacing electronics are outlined based on state-of-the-art developments in bio-integrated electronics. With this Review, we aim to inspire hardware solutions that can serve as a foundation for developing personalized biosensing from the mucosa, a relatively uncharted field with great scientific and clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vivian R. Feig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Julia G. Howarth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Ziliang Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Juarez VM, Montalbine AN, Singh A. Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114400. [PMID: 35718251 PMCID: PMC10751508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Juarez
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alyssa N Montalbine
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Y, Liu Y, Li J, Chen Y, Liu S, Zhong C. Engineered living materials (ELMs) design: From function allocation to dynamic behavior modulation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102188. [PMID: 35970133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural materials possess many distinctive "living" attributes, such as self-growth, self-healing, environmental responsiveness, and evolvability, that are beyond the reach of many existing synthetic materials. The emerging field of engineered living materials (ELMs) takes inspiration from nature and harnesses engineered living systems to produce dynamic and responsive materials with genetically programmable functionalities. Here, we identify and review two main directions for the rational design of ELMs: first, engineering of living materials with enhanced performances by incorporating functional material modules, including engineered biological building blocks (proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids) or well-defined artificial materials; second, engineering of smart ELMs that can sense and respond to their surroundings by programming dynamic cellular behaviors regulated via cell-cell or cell-environment interactions. We next discuss the strengths and challenges of current ELMs and conclude by providing a perspective of future directions in this promising area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Wang
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Cas Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Cas Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Cas Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Cas Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sizhe Liu
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Cas Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Cas Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang L, Hung LY, Zhu Y, Ding S, Margolis KG, Leong KW. Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9804014. [PMID: 35958108 PMCID: PMC9343081 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9804014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human health. Currently, however, a comprehensive and focused review marrying the two distinct fields of gut microbiome and material research is lacking. To bridge the gap, the current paper discusses critical aspects of the rapidly emerging research topic of "material engineering in the gut microbiome and human health." By engaging scientists with diverse backgrounds in biomaterials, gut-microbiome axis, neuroscience, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and biosensing in a dialogue, our goal is to accelerate the development of research tools for gut microbiome research and the development of therapeutics that target the gut microbiome. For this purpose, state-of-the-art knowledge is presented here on biomaterial technologies that facilitate the study, analysis, and manipulation of the gut microbiome, including intestinal organoids, gut-on-chip models, hydrogels for spatial mapping of gut microbiome compositions, microbiome biosensors, and oral bacteria delivery systems. In addition, a discussion is provided regarding the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the critical roles that biomaterials can play to investigate and regulate the axis. Lastly, perspectives are provided regarding future directions on how to develop and use novel biomaterials in gut microbiome research, as well as essential regulatory rules in clinical translation. In this way, we hope to inspire research into future biomaterial technologies to advance gut microbiome research and gut microbiome-based theragnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Y. Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuefei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suwan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara G. Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu X, Inda ME, Lai Y, Lu TK, Zhao X. Engineered Living Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201326. [PMID: 35243704 PMCID: PMC9250645 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Living biological systems, ranging from single cells to whole organisms, can sense, process information, and actuate in response to changing environmental conditions. Inspired by living biological systems, engineered living cells and nonliving matrices are brought together, which gives rise to the technology of engineered living materials. By designing the functionalities of living cells and the structures of nonliving matrices, engineered living materials can be created to detect variability in the surrounding environment and to adjust their functions accordingly, thereby enabling applications in health monitoring, disease treatment, and environmental remediation. Hydrogels, a class of soft, wet, and biocompatible materials, have been widely used as matrices for engineered living cells, leading to the nascent field of engineered living hydrogels. Here, the interactions between hydrogel matrices and engineered living cells are described, focusing on how hydrogels influence cell behaviors and how cells affect hydrogel properties. The interactions between engineered living hydrogels and their environments, and how these interactions enable versatile applications, are also discussed. Finally, current challenges facing the field of engineered living hydrogels for their applications in clinical and environmental settings are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maria Eugenia Inda
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yong Lai
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lindell AE, Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M, Patil KR. Multimodal interactions of drugs, natural compounds and pollutants with the gut microbiota. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:431-443. [PMID: 35102308 PMCID: PMC7615390 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to diverse aspects of host physiology, ranging from immunomodulation to drug metabolism. Changes in the gut microbiota composition are associated with various diseases as well as with the response to medications. It is therefore important to understand how different lifestyle and environmental factors shape gut microbiota composition. Beyond the commonly considered factor of diet, small-molecule drugs have recently been identified as major effectors of the microbiota composition. Other xenobiotics, such as environmental or chemical pollutants, can also impact gut bacterial communities. Here, we review the mechanisms of interactions between gut bacteria and antibiotics, host-targeted drugs, natural food compounds, food additives and environmental pollutants. While xenobiotics can impact bacterial growth and metabolism, bacteria in turn can bioaccumulate or chemically modify these compounds. These reciprocal interactions can manifest in complex xenobiotic-microbiota-host relationships. Our Review highlights the need to study mechanisms underlying interactions with pollutants and food additives towards deciphering the dynamics and evolution of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Lindell
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kiran R Patil
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu H, Tian H, Li X, Chen X, Zhang K, Shi H, Wang C, Shao J. Shape-programmable, deformation-locking, and self-sensing artificial muscle based on liquid crystal elastomer and low-melting point alloy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5722. [PMID: 35584225 PMCID: PMC9116885 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An artificial muscle capable of shape programmability, deformation-locking capacity without needing continuous external energy, and self-sensing capability is highly desirable yet challenging in applications of reconfigurable antenna, deployable space structures, etc. Inspired by coupled behavior of the muscles, bones, and nerve system of mammals, a multifunctional artificial muscle based on polydopamine-coated liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) and low-melting point alloy (LMPA) in the form of a concentric tube/rod is proposed. Thereinto, the outer LCE is used for reversible contraction and recovery (i.e., muscle function); the inner LMPA in the resolidification state is adopted for deformation locking, and that in the melt state is adopted for angle variation monitoring by detecting resistance change (i.e., bones and nerve functions, respectively). The proposed artificial muscle demonstrates multiple performances, including controllable bending angle, position, and direction; deformation locking for supporting heavy objects; and real-time monitoring of angle variation, which also provides a straightforward and effective approach for designing soft devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiangming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xia N, Jin B, Jin D, Yang Z, Pan C, Wang Q, Ji F, Iacovacci V, Majidi C, Ding Y, Zhang L. Decoupling and Reprogramming the Wiggling Motion of Midge Larvae Using a Soft Robotic Platform. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109126. [PMID: 35196405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficient motility of invertebrates helps them survive under evolutionary pressures. Reconstructing the locomotion of invertebrates and decoupling the influence of individual basic motion are crucial for understanding their underlying mechanisms, which, however, generally remain a challenge due to the complexity of locomotion gaits. Herein, a magnetic soft robot to reproduce midge larva's key natural swimming gaits is developed, and the coupling effect between body curling and rotation on motility is investigated. Through the authors' systematically decoupling studies using programmed magnetic field inputs, the soft robot (named LarvaBot) experiences various coupled gaits, including biomimetic side-to-side flexures, and unveils that the optimal rotation amplitude and the synchronization of curling and rotation greatly enhance its motility. The LarvaBot achieves fast locomotion and upstream capability at the moderate Reynolds number regime. The soft robotics-based platform provides new insight to decouple complex biological locomotion, and design programmed swimming gaits for the fast locomotion of soft-bodied swimmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Bowen Jin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengxin Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chengfeng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Fengtong Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Veronica Iacovacci
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Carmel Majidi
- Soft Machines Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yang Ding
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
In conventional classification, soft robots feature mechanical compliance as the main distinguishing factor from traditional robots made of rigid materials. Recent advances in functional soft materials have facilitated the emergence of a new class of soft robots capable of tether-free actuation in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, solvent, or electric or magnetic field. Among the various types of stimuli-responsive materials, magnetic soft materials have shown remarkable progress in their design and fabrication, leading to the development of magnetic soft robots with unique advantages and potential for many important applications. However, the field of magnetic soft robots is still in its infancy and requires further advancements in terms of design principles, fabrication methods, control mechanisms, and sensing modalities. Successful future development of magnetic soft robots would require a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principle of magnetic actuation, as well as the physical properties and behavior of magnetic soft materials. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the design and fabrication, modeling and simulation, and actuation and control of magnetic soft materials and robots. We then give a set of design guidelines for optimal actuation performance of magnetic soft materials. Lastly, we summarize potential biomedical applications of magnetic soft robots and provide our perspectives on next-generation magnetic soft robots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ganguly S, Margel S. Design of Magnetic Hydrogels for Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4259. [PMID: 34883761 PMCID: PMC8659876 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are spatially organized hydrophilic polymeric systems that exhibit unique features in hydrated conditions. Among the hydrogel family, composite hydrogels are a special class that are defined as filler-containing systems with some tailor-made properties. The composite hydrogel family includes magnetic-nanoparticle-integrated hydrogels. Magnetic hydrogels (MHGs) show magneto-responsiveness, which is observed when they are placed in a magnetic field (static or oscillating). Because of their tunable porosity and internal morphology they can be used in several biomedical applications, especially diffusion-related smart devices. External stimuli may influence physical and chemical changes in these hydrogels, particularly in terms of volume and shape morphing. One of the most significant external stimuli for hydrogels is a magnetic field. This review embraces a brief overview of the fabrication of MHGs and two of their usages in the biomedical area: drug delivery and hyperthermia-based anti-cancer activity. As for the saturation magnetization imposed on composite MHGs, they are easily heated in the presence of an alternating magnetic field and the temperature increment is dependent on the magnetic nanoparticle concentration and exposure time. Herein, we also discuss the mode of different therapies based on non-contact hyperthermia heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ganguly
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hasan MM, Uddin MF, Zabin N, Shakil MS, Alam M, Achal FJ, Ara Begum MH, Hossen MS, Hasan MA, Morshed MM. Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Polyethylene Glycol (Ch-Peg) Based Hydrogels and Evaluation of Their Potency in Rat Skin Wound Model. Int J Biomater 2021; 2021:4877344. [PMID: 34691184 PMCID: PMC8531824 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4877344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal burns are a major cause of death and suffering around the globe. They can cause debilitating, life-altering injuries as well as lead to significant psychological and financial consequences. Several research works have been conducted in attempt to find a wound healing therapy that is successful. At present, hydrogels have been widely used in cutting-edge research for this purpose because they have suitable properties. This study aimed to see how therapy with chitosan-polyethylene glycol (Ch-Peg) based hydrogels affected the healing of burn wounds in rats. With the concern of public health, xanthan gum (X), boric acid (B), gelatin (Ge), polyethylene glycol (Peg), chitosan (Ch), glutaraldehyde (G), and HPLC-grade water were prepared using X : Ge : G, X : Ge : Peg : G, X : Ge : Ch : G, X : Ge : Peg : Ch : G, X : Ge : B : Ch : G, X : Ge : B : Peg : G, and X : Ge : B : Peg : Ch : G. The produced composite hydrogels were examined for swelling ability, biodegradability, rheological characteristics, and porosity. The 3D structure of the hydrogel was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After that, the structural characterization technique named Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to describe the composites (SEM). Lastly, in a rat skin wound model, the efficacy of the produced hydrogels was studied. Swelling ability, biodegradability, rheological properties, and porosity were all demonstrated in composite hydrogels that contained over 90% water. Hydrogels with good polymeric networks and porosity were observed using SEM. The existence of bound water and free, intra- and intermolecule hydrogen-linked OH and NH in the hydrogels was confirmed using FTIR. In a secondary burned rat model, all hydrogels showed significant wound healing effectiveness when compared to controls. When compared to other composite hydrogels, wounds treated with X : Ge : Peg : Ch : G, X : Ge : B : Peg : G, and X : Ge : B : Peg : Ch:G recovered faster after 28 days. In conclusion, this research suggests that X : Ge : Peg : Ch : G, X : Ge : B : Peg : G, and X : Ge : B : Peg : Ch : G could be used to treat skin injuries in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Forhad Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nayera Zabin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Jahan Achal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Most. Hosney Ara Begum
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakib Hossen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahbubul Morshed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|