1
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Soliman BG, Chin IL, Li Y, Ishii M, Ho MH, Doan VK, Cox TR, Wang PY, Lindberg GCJ, Zhang YS, Woodfield TBF, Choi YS, Lim KS. Droplet-based microfluidics for engineering shape-controlled hydrogels with stiffness gradient. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045026. [PMID: 39121873 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad6d8e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Current biofabrication strategies are limited in their ability to replicate native shape-to-function relationships, that are dependent on adequate biomimicry of macroscale shape as well as size and microscale spatial heterogeneity, within cell-laden hydrogels. In this study, a novel diffusion-based microfluidics platform is presented that meets these needs in a two-step process. In the first step, a hydrogel-precursor solution is dispersed into a continuous oil phase within the microfluidics tubing. By adjusting the dispersed and oil phase flow rates, the physical architecture of hydrogel-precursor phases can be adjusted to generate spherical and plug-like structures, as well as continuous meter-long hydrogel-precursor phases (up to 1.75 m). The second step involves the controlled introduction a small molecule-containing aqueous phase through a T-shaped tube connector to enable controlled small molecule diffusion across the interface of the aqueous phase and hydrogel-precursor. Application of this system is demonstrated by diffusing co-initiator sodium persulfate (SPS) into hydrogel-precursor solutions, where the controlled SPS diffusion into the hydrogel-precursor and subsequent photo-polymerization allows for the formation of unique radial stiffness patterns across the shape- and size-controlled hydrogels, as well as allowing the formation of hollow hydrogels with controllable internal architectures. Mesenchymal stromal cells are successfully encapsulated within hollow hydrogels and hydrogels containing radial stiffness gradient and found to respond to the heterogeneity in stiffness through the yes-associated protein mechano-regulator. Finally, breast cancer cells are found to phenotypically switch in response to stiffness gradients, causing a shift in their ability to aggregate, which may have implications for metastasis. The diffusion-based microfluidics thus finds application mimicking native shape-to-function relationship in the context of tissue engineering and provides a platform to further study the roles of micro- and macroscale architectural features that exist within native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Soliman
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ian L Chin
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Melissa Ishii
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Minh Hieu Ho
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Vinh Khanh Doan
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peng Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 32500, People's Republic of China
| | - Gabriella C J Lindberg
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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2
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Rossi A, Furlani F, Bassi G, Cunha C, Lunghi A, Molinari F, Teran FJ, Lista F, Bianchi M, Piperno A, Montesi M, Panseri S. Contactless magnetically responsive injectable hydrogel for aligned tissue regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101110. [PMID: 39211510 PMCID: PMC11360152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular alignment plays a pivotal role in several human tissues, including skeletal muscle, spinal cord and tendon. Various techniques have been developed to control cellular alignment using 3D biomaterials. However, the majority of 3D-aligned scaffolds require invasive surgery for implantation. In contrast, injectable hydrogels provide a non-invasive delivery method, gaining considerable attention for the treatment of diverse conditions, including osteochondral lesions, volumetric muscle loss, and traumatic brain injury. We engineered a biomimetic hydrogel with magnetic responsiveness by combining gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, collagen, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Collagen type I was paired with MNPs to form magnetic collagen bundles (MCollB), allowing the orientation control of these bundles within the hydrogel matrix through the application of a remote low-intensity magnetic field. This resulted in the creation of an anisotropic architecture. The hydrogel mechanical properties were comparable to those of human soft tissues, such as skeletal muscle, and proof of the aligned hydrogel concept was demonstrated. In vitro findings confirmed the absence of toxicity and pro-inflammatory effects. Notably, an increased fibroblast cell proliferation and pro-regenerative activation of macrophages were observed. The in-vivo study further validated the hydrogel biocompatibility and demonstrated the feasibility of injection with rapid in situ gelation. Consequently, this magnetically controlled injectable hydrogel exhibits significant promise as a minimally invasive, rapid gelling and effective treatment for regenerating various aligned human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rossi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy. Via Granarolo 64, 48018. Faenza, Italy
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences. Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Franco Furlani
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy. Via Granarolo 64, 48018. Faenza, Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy. Via Granarolo 64, 48018. Faenza, Italy
- University of G. D'Annunzio, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences. Via Luigi Polacchi, 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carla Cunha
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde. Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Lunghi
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, IGESAN, Via di Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francisco J. Teran
- iMdea Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Nanotech Solutions, Ctra Madrid23, 40150 Villacastín, Spain
| | - Florigio Lista
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, IGESAN, Via di Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia 44125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences. Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy. Via Granarolo 64, 48018. Faenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy. Via Granarolo 64, 48018. Faenza, Italy
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3
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Kripamol R, Velayudhan S, Anil Kumar PR. Evaluation of allylated gelatin as a bioink supporting spontaneous spheroid formation of HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133259. [PMID: 38908647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The spheroid culture system has gained significant attention as an effective in vitro model to mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Even though numerous studies were focused on developing spheroids, the structural organization of encapsulated cells within hydrogels remains a challenge. Allylated gelatin or GelAGE is used as a bioink due to its excellent physicochemical properties. In this study, GelAGE was evaluated for its capacity to induce spontaneous spheroid formation in encapsulated HepG2 cells. GelAGE was synthesized and characterized using 1HNMR spectroscopy and ninhydrin assay. Then the physicochemical and biological attributes of GelAGE hydrogel was examined. The results demonstrate that GelAGE has remarkable ability to induce the encapsulated cells to self-organize into spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kripamol
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shiny Velayudhan
- Division of Dental Products, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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4
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Soliman BG, Nguyen AK, Gooding JJ, Kilian KA. Advancing Synthetic Hydrogels through Nature-Inspired Materials Chemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404235. [PMID: 38896849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics that can recapitulate the complex biochemical and mechanical nature of native tissues are needed for advanced models of development and disease. Biomedical research has heavily relied on the use of animal-derived biomaterials, which is now impeding their translational potential and convoluting the biological insights gleaned from in vitro tissue models. Natural hydrogels have long served as a convenient and effective cell culture tool, but advances in materials chemistry and fabrication techniques now present promising new avenues for creating xenogenic-free ECM substitutes appropriate for organotypic models and microphysiological systems. However, significant challenges remain in creating synthetic matrices that can approximate the structural sophistication, biochemical complexity, and dynamic functionality of native tissues. This review summarizes key properties of the native ECM, and discusses recent approaches used to systematically decouple and tune these properties in synthetic matrices. The importance of dynamic ECM mechanics, such as viscoelasticity and matrix plasticity, is also discussed, particularly within the context of organoid and engineered tissue matrices. Emerging design strategies to mimic these dynamic mechanical properties are reviewed, such as multi-network hydrogels, supramolecular chemistry, and hydrogels assembled from biological monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Soliman
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ashley K Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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5
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Soliman BG, Longoni A, Major GS, Lindberg GCJ, Choi YS, Zhang YS, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS. Harnessing Macromolecular Chemistry to Design Hydrogel Micro- and Macro-Environments. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300457. [PMID: 38035637 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within three-dimensional hydrogels is a promising approach to mimic tissues. However, true biomimicry of the intricate microenvironment, biophysical and biochemical gradients, and the macroscale hierarchical spatial organizations of native tissues is an unmet challenge within tissue engineering. This review provides an overview of the macromolecular chemistries that have been applied toward the design of cell-friendly hydrogels, as well as their application toward controlling biophysical and biochemical bulk and gradient properties of the microenvironment. Furthermore, biofabrication technologies provide the opportunity to simultaneously replicate macroscale features of native tissues. Biofabrication strategies are reviewed in detail with a particular focus on the compatibility of these strategies with the current macromolecular toolkit described for hydrogel design and the challenges associated with their clinical translation. This review identifies that the convergence of the ever-expanding macromolecular toolkit and technological advancements within the field of biofabrication, along with an improved biological understanding, represents a promising strategy toward the successful tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Soliman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gretel S Major
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella C J Lindberg
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
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6
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Parmentier L, D'Haese S, Carpentier N, Dmitriev RI, Van Vlierberghe S. Bottom-Up Extrusion-Based Biofabrication of the Osteoid Niche. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300395. [PMID: 37997022 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration remains a clinical challenge given the transplantation incidence rate and the associated economic burden. Bottom-up osteoid tissue engineering has the potential to offer an alternative approach to current clinical solutions that suffer from various drawbacks. In this paper, deposition-based bioprinting is exploited while the effect is explored of both the crosslinking mechanism (gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) versus gelatin norbornene (DS 91) crosslinked with thiolated gelatin (GelNBSH)) and the degree of substitution (GelNBSH versus norbornene-norbornene-modified gelatin (DS 169) crosslinked with thiolated gelatin (GelNBNBSH)) on the presented biophysical cues as well as on the osteogenic differentiation. The incorporation of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to the step-growth inks allows the production of reproducible and biocompatible scaffolds based on thiol-ene chemistry. Dental pulp stem cell encapsulation in GelNBNBSH biofabricated constructs shows a favorable response due to the combination of its stress relaxation and substrate rigidity (bulk compressive modulus of 11-30 kPa) as reflected by a sevenfold increase in calcium production compared to the tissue engineering standard GelMA. This work is the first to exploit a controlled biocompatible and cell-interactive thiolated macromolecular crosslinker (GelSH + TCEP) allowing the extrusion-based biofabrication of low concentration (5 w/v%) modified osteogenic gelatin-based inks (GelNBNBSH + TCEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sophie D'Haese
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Ghent university, C. Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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7
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Norberg AE, Bakirci E, Lim KS, Dalton PD, Woodfield TBF, Lindberg GCJ. Bioassembly of hemoglobin-loaded photopolymerizable spheroids alleviates hypoxia-induced cell death. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025026. [PMID: 38373325 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2a7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of oxygen within tissue engineered constructs is essential for cell survivability; however, achieving this within larger biofabricated constructs poses a significant challenge. Efforts to overcome this limitation often involve the delivery of synthetic oxygen generating compounds. The application of some of these compounds is problematic for the biofabrication of living tissues due to inherent issues such as cytotoxicity, hyperoxia and limited structural stability due to oxygen inhibition of radical-based crosslinking processes. This study aims to develop an oxygen delivering system relying on natural-derived components which are cytocompatible, allow for photopolymerization and advanced biofabrication processes, and improve cell survivability under hypoxia (1% O2). We explore the binding of human hemoglobin (Hb) as a natural oxygen deposit within photopolymerizable allylated gelatin (GelAGE) hydrogels through the spontaneous complex formation of Hb with negatively charged biomolecules (heparin, hyaluronic acid, and bovine serum albumin). We systematically study the effect of biomolecule inclusion on cytotoxicity, hydrogel network properties, Hb incorporation efficiency, oxygen carrying capacity, cell viability, and compatibility with 3D-bioassembly processes within melt electrowritten (MEW) scaffolds. All biomolecules were successfully incorporated within GelAGE hydrogels, displaying controllable mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. Results demonstrated efficient and tailorable Hb incorporation within GelAGE-Heparin hydrogels. The developed system was compatible with microfluidics and photopolymerization processes, allowing for the production of GelAGE-Heparin-Hb spheres. Hb-loaded spheres were assembled into MEW polycaprolactone scaffolds, significantly increasing the local oxygen levels. Ultimately, cells within Hb-loaded constructs demonstrated good cell survivability under hypoxia. Taken together, we successfully developed a hydrogel system that retains Hb as a natural oxygen deposit post-photopolymerization, protecting Hb from free-radical oxidation while remaining compatible with biofabrication of large constructs. The developed GelAGE-Heparin-Hb system allows for physoxic oxygen delivery and thus possesses a vast potential for use across broad tissue engineering and biofabrication strategies to help eliminate cell death due to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel E Norberg
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ezgi Bakirci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella C J Lindberg
- Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
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8
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Polanco EA, Opdam LV, Passerini L, Huber M, Bonnet S, Pandit A. An artificial metalloenzyme that can oxidize water photocatalytically: design, synthesis, and characterization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3596-3609. [PMID: 38455019 PMCID: PMC10915814 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In nature, light-driven water oxidation (WO) catalysis is performed by photosystem II via the delicate interplay of different cofactors positioned in its protein scaffold. Artificial systems for homogeneous photocatalytic WO are based on small molecules that often have limited solubility in aqueous solutions. In this work, we alleviated this issue and present a cobalt-based WO-catalyst containing artificial metalloenzyme (ArM) that is active in light-driven, homogeneous WO catalysis in neutral-pH aqueous solutions. A haem-containing electron transfer protein, cytochrome B5 (CB5), served to host a first-row transition-metal-based WO catalyst, CoSalen (CoIISalen, where H2Salen = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine), thus producing an ArM capable of driving photocatalytic WO. The CoSalen ArM formed a water-soluble pre-catalyst in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3](ClO4)2 as photosensitizer and Na2S2O8 as the sacrificial electron acceptor, with photocatalytic activity similar to that of free CoSalen. During photocatalysis, the CoSalen-protein interactions were destabilized, and the protein partially unfolded. Rather than forming tens of nanometer sized CoOx nanoparticles as free CoSalen does under photocatalytic WO conditions, the CB5 : CoSalen ArM showed limited protein cross-linking and remained soluble. We conclude that a weak, dynamic interaction between a soluble cobalt species and apoCB5 was formed, which generated a catalytically active adduct during photocatalysis. A detailed analysis was performed on protein stability and decomposition processes during the harsh oxidizing reaction conditions of WO, which will serve for the future design of WO ArMs with improved activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehider A Polanco
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Laura V Opdam
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Passerini
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Martina Huber
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Anjali Pandit
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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9
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Vahala D, Amos SE, Sacchi M, Soliman BG, Hepburn MS, Mowla A, Li J, Jeong JH, Astell C, Hwang Y, Kennedy BF, Lim KS, Choi YS. 3D Volumetric Mechanosensation of MCF7 Breast Cancer Spheroids in a Linear Stiffness Gradient GelAGE. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301506. [PMID: 37670531 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment presents spatiotemporal shifts in biomechanical properties with cancer progression. Hydrogel biomaterials like GelAGE offer the stiffness tuneability to recapitulate dynamic changes in tumor tissues by altering photo-energy exposures. Here, a tuneable hydrogel with spatiotemporal control of stiffness and mesh-network is developed. The volume of MCF7 spheroids encapsulated in a linear stiffness gradient demonstrates an inverse relationship with stiffness (p < 0.0001). As spheroids are exposed to increased crosslinking (stiffer) and greater mechanical confinement, spheroid stiffness increases. Protein expression (TRPV4, β1 integrin, E-cadherin, and F-actin) decreases with increasing stiffness while showing strong correlations to spheroid volume (r2 > 0.9). To further investigate the role of volume, MCF7 spheroids are grown in a soft matrix for 5 days prior to a second polymerisation which presents a stiffness gradient to equally expanded spheroids. Despite being exposed to variable stiffness, these spheroids show even protein expression, confirming volume as a key regulator. Overall, this work showcases the versatility of GelAGE and demonstrates volume expansion as a key regulator of 3D mechanosensation in MCF7 breast cancer spheroids. This platform has the potential to further investigation into the role of stiffness and dimensionality in 3D spheroid culture for other types of cancers and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Vahala
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sebastian E Amos
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Marta Sacchi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Bram G Soliman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Matt S Hepburn
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alireza Mowla
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jiayue Li
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, South Korea
| | - Chrissie Astell
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, South Korea
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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10
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Cianciosi A, Stecher S, Löffler M, Bauer-Kreisel P, Lim KS, Woodfield TBF, Groll J, Blunk T, Jungst T. Flexible Allyl-Modified Gelatin Photoclick Resin Tailored for Volumetric Bioprinting of Matrices for Soft Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300977. [PMID: 37699146 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric bioprinting (VBP) is a light-based 3D printing platform, which recently prompted a paradigm shift for additive manufacturing (AM) techniques considering its capability to enable the fabrication of complex cell-laden geometries in tens of seconds with high spatiotemporal control and pattern accuracy. A flexible allyl-modified gelatin (gelAGE)-based photoclick resin is developed in this study to fabricate matrices with exceptionally soft polymer networks (0.2-1.0 kPa). The gelAGE-based resin formulations are designed to exploit the fast thiol-ene crosslinking in combination with a four-arm thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG4SH) in the presence of a photoinitiator. The flexibility of the gelAGE biomaterial platform allows one to tailor its concentration spanning from 2.75% to 6% and to vary the allyl to thiol ratio without hampering the photocrosslinking efficiency. The thiol-ene crosslinking enables the production of viable cell-material constructs with a high throughput in tens of seconds. The suitability of the gelAGE-based resins is demonstrated by adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) after VBP and by the printing of more fragile adipocytes as a proof-of-concept. Taken together, this study introduces a soft photoclick resin which paves the way for volumetric printing applications toward soft tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cianciosi
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Stecher
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maxi Löffler
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer-Kreisel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khoon S Lim
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Rickert CA, Mansi S, Fan D, Mela P, Lieleg O. A Mucin-Based Bio-Ink for 3D Printing of Objects with Anti-Biofouling Properties. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300198. [PMID: 37466113 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
With its potential to revolutionize the field of personalized medicine by producing customized medical devices and constructs for tissue engineering at low costs, 3D printing has emerged as a highly promising technology. Recent advancements have sparked increasing interest in the printing of biopolymeric hydrogels. However, owing to the limited printability of those soft materials, the lack of variability in available bio-inks remains a major challenge. In this study, a novel bio-ink is developed based on functionalized mucin-a glycoprotein that exhibits a multitude of biomedically interesting properties such as immunomodulating activity and strong anti-biofouling behavior. To achieve sufficient printability of the mucin-based ink, its rheological properties are tuned by incorporating Laponite XLG as a stabilizing agent. It is shown that cured objects generated from this novel bio-ink exhibit mechanical properties partially similar to that of soft tissue, show strong anti-biofouling properties, good biocompatibility, tunable cell adhesion, and immunomodulating behavior. The presented findings suggest that this 3D printable bio-ink has a great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, wound healing, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A Rickert
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Salma Mansi
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chair of Medical Materials and Implants, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Munich Institute of Integrated Materials, Energy and Process Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Di Fan
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Petra Mela
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chair of Medical Materials and Implants, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Munich Institute of Integrated Materials, Energy and Process Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
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12
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Cianciosi A, Simon J, Bartolf-Kopp M, Grausgruber H, Dargaville TR, Forget A, Groll J, Jungst T, Beaumont M. Direct ink writing of multifunctional nanocellulose and allyl-modified gelatin biomaterial inks for the fabrication of mechanically and functionally graded constructs. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121145. [PMID: 37567703 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Recreating the intricate mechanical and functional gradients found in natural tissues through additive manufacturing poses significant challenges, including the need for precise control over time and space and the availability of versatile biomaterial inks. In this proof-of-concept study, we developed a new biomaterial ink for direct ink writing, allowing the creation of 3D structures with tailorable functional and mechanical gradients. Our ink formulation combined multifunctional cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), allyl-functionalized gelatin (0.8-2.0 wt%), and polyethylene glycol dithiol (3.0-7.5 wt%). The CNF served as a rheology modifier, whereas a concentration of 1.8 w/v % in the inks was chosen for optimal printability and shape fidelity. In addition, CNFs were functionalized with azido groups, enabling the spatial distribution of functional moieties within a 3D structure. These functional groups were further modified using a spontaneous click chemistry reaction. Through additive manufacturing and a readily available static mixer, we successfully demonstrated the fabrication of mechanical gradients - ranging from 3 to 6 kPa in indentation strength - and functional gradients. Additionally, we introduced dual gradients by combining gradient printing with an anisotropic photocrosslinking step. The developed biomaterial ink opens up possibilities for printing intricate multigradient structures, resembling the complex hierarchical organization seen in living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cianciosi
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Jonas Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Michael Bartolf-Kopp
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Heinrich Grausgruber
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- ARC Centre for Cell & Tissue Engineering Technologies, Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, QUT Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aurélien Forget
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg 97070, Germany.
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
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13
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Asim S, Tabish TA, Liaqat U, Ozbolat IT, Rizwan M. Advances in Gelatin Bioinks to Optimize Bioprinted Cell Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203148. [PMID: 36802199 PMCID: PMC10330013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a widely utilized bioprinting biomaterial due to its cell-adhesive and enzymatically cleavable properties, which improve cell adhesion and growth. Gelatin is often covalently cross-linked to stabilize bioprinted structures, yet the covalently cross-linked matrix is unable to recapitulate the dynamic microenvironment of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby limiting the functions of bioprinted cells. To some extent, a double network bioink can provide a more ECM-mimetic, bioprinted niche for cell growth. More recently, gelatin matrices are being designed using reversible cross-linking methods that can emulate the dynamic mechanical properties of the ECM. This review analyzes the progress in developing gelatin bioink formulations for 3D cell culture, and critically analyzes the bioprinting and cross-linking techniques, with a focus on strategies to optimize the functions of bioprinted cells. This review discusses new cross-linking chemistries that recapitulate the viscoelastic, stress-relaxing microenvironment of the ECM, and enable advanced cell functions, yet are less explored in engineering the gelatin bioink. Finally, this work presents the perspective on the areas of future research and argues that the next generation of gelatin bioinks should be designed by considering cell-matrix interactions, and bioprinted constructs should be validated against currently established 3D cell culture standards to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Asim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931 USA
| | - Tanveer A. Tabish
- Cardiovascular Division, Radcliff Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Usman Liaqat
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State, Hershey, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931 USA
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931 USA
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14
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Genç H, Cianciosi A, Lohse R, Stahlhut P, Groll J, Alexiou C, Cicha I, Jüngst T. Adjusting Degree of Modification and Composition of gelAGE-Based Hydrogels Improves Long-Term Survival and Function of Primary Human Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in 3D Cultures. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1497-1510. [PMID: 36786807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a suitable hydrogel-based 3D platform to support long-term culture of primary endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts. Two hydrogel systems based on allyl-modified gelatin (gelAGE), G1MM and G2LH, were cross-linked via thiol-ene click reaction with a four-arm thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG-4-SH). Compared to G1MM, the G2LH hydrogel was characterized by the lower polymer content and cross-linking density with a softer matrix and homogeneous and open porosity. Cell viability in both hydrogels was comparable, although the G2LH-based platform supported better F-actin organization, cell-cell interactions, and collagen and fibronectin production. In co-cultures, early morphogenesis leading to tubular-like structures was observed within 2 weeks. Migration of fibroblasts out of spheroids embedded in the G2LH hydrogels started after 5 days of incubation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the G2LH hydrogel fulfilled the demands of both ECs and fibroblasts to enable long-term culture and matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Genç
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Endowed Professorship for Nanomedicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Alessandro Cianciosi
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Raphael Lohse
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Endowed Professorship for Nanomedicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Endowed Professorship for Nanomedicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Endowed Professorship for Nanomedicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB), University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg 97070, Germany
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15
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Kim J, Choi HS, Kim YM, Song SC. Thermo-Responsive Nanocomposite Bioink with Growth-Factor Holding and its Application to Bone Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2203464. [PMID: 36526612 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, which is being increasingly used in tissue engineering, requires bioinks with tunable mechanical properties, biological activities, and mechanical strength for in vivo implantation. Herein, a growth-factor-holding poly(organophosphazene)-based thermo-responsive nanocomposite (TNC) bioink system is developed. The mechanical properties of the TNC bioink are easily controlled within a moderate temperature range (5-37 °C). During printing, the mechanical properties of the TNC bioink, which determine the 3D printing resolution, can be tuned by varying the temperature (15-30 °C). After printing, TNC bioink scaffolds exhibit maximum stiffness at 37 °C. Additionally, because of its shear-thinning and self-healing properties, TNC bioinks can be extruded smoothly, demonstrating good printing outcomes. TNC bioink loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), key growth factors for osteogenesis, is used to print a scaffold that can stimulate biological activity. A biological scaffold printed using TNC bioink loaded with both growth factors and implanted on a rat calvarial defect model reveals significantly improved bone regenerative effects. The TNC bioink system is a promising next-generation bioink platform because its mechanical properties can be tuned easily for high-resolution 3D bioprinting with long-term stability and its growth-factor holding capability has strong clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Seong Choi
- Research Animal Resource Center, Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chang Song
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Nexgel Biotech, Co., Ltd, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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16
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Yi S, Liu Q, Luo Z, He JJ, Ma HL, Li W, Wang D, Zhou C, Garciamendez CE, Hou L, Zhang J, Zhang YS. Micropore-Forming Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Bioink Toolbox 2.0: Designable Tunability and Adaptability for 3D Bioprinting Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106357. [PMID: 35607752 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that tissue engineering scaffolds that feature highly interconnected and size-adjustable micropores are oftentimes desired to promote cellular viability, motility, and functions. Unfortunately, the ability of precise control over the microporous structures within bioinks in a cytocompatible manner for applications in 3D bioprinting is generally lacking, until a method of micropore-forming bioink based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was reported recently. This bioink took advantage of the unique aqueous two-phase emulsion (ATPE) system, where poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) droplets are utilized as the porogen. Considering the limitations associated with this very initial demonstration, this article has furthered the understanding of the micropore-forming GelMA bioinks by conducting a systematic investigation into the additional GelMA types (porcine and fish, different methacryloyl-modification degrees) and porogen types (PEO, poly(vinyl alcohol), and dextran), as well as the effects of the porogen concentrations and molecular weights on the properties of the GelMA-based ATPE bioink system. This article exemplifies not only the significantly wider range of micropore sizes achievable and better emulsion stability, but also the improved suitability for both extrusion and digital light processing bioprinting with favorable cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Yi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zeyu Luo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacqueline Jialu He
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hui-Lin Ma
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Di Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carlos Ezio Garciamendez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Linxi Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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17
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Murphy CA, Lim KS, Woodfield TBF. Next Evolution in Organ-Scale Biofabrication: Bioresin Design for Rapid High-Resolution Vat Polymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107759. [PMID: 35128736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of bioprinting has made significant advancements in recent years and allowed for the precise deposition of biomaterials and cells. However, within this field lies a major challenge, which is developing high resolution constructs, with complex architectures. In an effort to overcome these challenges a biofabrication technique known as vat polymerization is being increasingly investigated due to its high fabrication accuracy and control of resolution (µm scale). Despite the progress made in developing hydrogel precursors for bioprinting techniques, such as extrusion-based bioprinting, there is a major lack in developing hydrogel precursor bioresins for vat polymerization. This is due to the specific unique properties and characteristics required for vat polymerization, from lithography to the latest volumetric printing. This is of major concern as the shortage of bioresins available has a significant impact on progressing this technology and exploring its full potential, including speed, resolution, and scale. Therefore, this review discusses the key requirements that need to be addressed in successfully developing a bioresin. The influence of monomer architecture and bioresin composition on printability is described, along with key fundamental parameters that can be altered to increase printing accuracy. Finally, recent advancements in bioresins are discussed together with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Murphy
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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18
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Mueller E, Poulin I, Bodnaryk WJ, Hoare T. Click Chemistry Hydrogels for Extrusion Bioprinting: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:619-640. [PMID: 34989569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of 3D bioprinting has allowed a variety of hydrogel-based "bioinks" to be printed in the presence of cells to create precisely defined cell-loaded 3D scaffolds in a single step for advancing tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine. While existing bioinks based primarily on ionic cross-linking, photo-cross-linking, or thermogelation have significantly advanced the field, they offer technical limitations in terms of the mechanics, degradation rates, and the cell viabilities achievable with the printed scaffolds, particularly in terms of aiming to match the wide range of mechanics and cellular microenvironments. Click chemistry offers an appealing solution to this challenge given that proper selection of the chemistry can enable precise tuning of both the gelation rate and the degradation rate, both key to successful tissue regeneration; simultaneously, the often bio-orthogonal nature of click chemistry is beneficial to maintain high cell viabilities within the scaffolds. However, to date, relatively few examples of 3D-printed click chemistry hydrogels have been reported, mostly due to the technical challenges of controlling mixing during the printing process to generate high-fidelity prints without clogging the printer. This review aims to showcase existing cross-linking modalities, characterize the advantages and disadvantages of different click chemistries reported, highlight current examples of click chemistry hydrogel bioinks, and discuss the design of mixing strategies to enable effective 3D extrusion bioprinting of click hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mueller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Poulin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - William James Bodnaryk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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19
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Bertassoni LE. Bioprinting of Complex Multicellular Organs with Advanced Functionality-Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101321. [PMID: 35060652 PMCID: PMC10171718 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising strategies for fabrication of functional organs in the lab as an alternative to transplant organs. While progress in the field has mostly been restricted to a few miniaturized tissues with minimal biological functionality until a few years ago, recent progress has advanced the concept of building three-dimensional multicellular organ complexity remarkably. This review discusses a series of milestones that have paved the way for bioprinting of tissue constructs that have advanced levels of biological and architectural functionality. Critical materials, engineering and biological challenges that are key to addressing the desirable function of engineered organs are presented. These are discussed in light of the many difficulties to replicate the heterotypic organization of multicellular solid organs, the nanoscale precision of the extracellular microenvironment in hierarchical tissues, as well as the advantages and limitations of existing bioprinting methods to adequately overcome these barriers. In summary, the advances of the field toward realistic manufacturing of functional organs have never been so extensive, and this manuscript serves as a road map for some of the recent progress and the challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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20
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Hull SM, Brunel LG, Heilshorn SC. 3D Bioprinting of Cell-Laden Hydrogels for Improved Biological Functionality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103691. [PMID: 34672027 PMCID: PMC8988886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of cells within gel-phase materials to form bioinks offers distinct advantages for next-generation 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for patterning cells, but the technology remains limited in its ability to produce biofunctional, tissue-like constructs due to a dearth of materials suitable for bioinks. While early demonstrations commonly used viscous polymers optimized for printability, these materials often lacked cell compatibility and biological functionality. In response, advanced materials that exist in the gel phase during the entire printing process are being developed, since hydrogels are uniquely positioned to both protect cells during extrusion and provide biological signals to embedded cells as the construct matures during culture. Here, an overview of the design considerations for gel-phase materials as bioinks is presented, with a focus on their mechanical, biochemical, and dynamic gel properties. Current challenges and opportunities that arise due to the fact that bioprinted constructs are active, living hydrogels composed of both acellular and cellular components are also evaluated. Engineering hydrogels with consideration of cells as an intrinsic component of the printed bioink will enable control over the evolution of the living construct after printing to achieve greater biofunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lucia G Brunel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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21
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Soliman BG, Major GS, Atienza-Roca P, Murphy CA, Longoni A, Alcala-Orozco CR, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Gawlitta D, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS. Development and Characterization of Gelatin-Norbornene Bioink to Understand the Interplay between Physical Architecture and Micro-Capillary Formation in Biofabricated Vascularized Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101873. [PMID: 34710291 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The principle challenge for engineering viable, cell-laden hydrogel constructs of clinically-relevant size, is rapid vascularization, in order to moderate the finite capacity of passive nutrient diffusion. A multiscale vascular approach, with large open channels and bulk microcapillaries may be an admissible approach to accelerate this process, promoting overall pre-vascularization for long-term viability of constructs. However, the limited availability of bioinks that possess suitable characteristics that support both fabrication of complex architectures and formation of microcapillaries, remains a barrier to advancement in this space. In this study, gelatin-norbornene (Gel-NOR) is investigated as a vascular bioink with tailorable physico-mechanical properties, which promoted the self-assembly of human stromal and endothelial cells into microcapillaries, as well as being compatible with extrusion and lithography-based biofabrication modalities. Gel-NOR constructs containing self-assembled microcapillaries are successfully biofabricated with varying physical architecture (fiber diameter, spacing, and orientation). Both channel sizes and cell types affect the overall structural changes of the printed constructs, where cross-signaling between both human stromal and endothelial cells may be responsible for the reduction in open channel lumen observed over time. Overall, this work highlights an exciting three-way interplay between bioink formulation, construct design, and cell-mediated response that can be exploited towards engineering vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Soliman
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gretel S Major
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Pau Atienza-Roca
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A Murphy
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Cesar R Alcala-Orozco
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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22
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Ouyang L. Pushing the rheological and mechanical boundaries of extrusion-based 3D bioprinting. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:891-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Elkhoury K, Morsink M, Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Kahn C, Tamayol A, Arab-Tehrany E. Biofabrication of natural hydrogels for cardiac, neural, and bone Tissue engineering Applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3904-3923. [PMID: 33997485 PMCID: PMC8080408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural hydrogels are one of the most promising biomaterials for tissue engineering applications, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and extracellular matrix mimicking ability. To surpass the limitations of conventional fabrication techniques and to recapitulate the complex architecture of native tissue structure, natural hydrogels are being constructed using novel biofabrication strategies, such as textile techniques and three-dimensional bioprinting. These innovative techniques play an enormous role in the development of advanced scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications. The progress, advantages, and shortcomings of the emerging biofabrication techniques are highlighted in this review. Additionally, the novel applications of biofabricated natural hydrogels in cardiac, neural, and bone tissue engineering are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaretha Morsink
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500AE, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cyril Kahn
- LIBio, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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Zennifer A, Manivannan S, Sethuraman S, Kumbar SG, Sundaramurthi D. 3D bioprinting and photocrosslinking: emerging strategies & future perspectives. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Chen H, Fei F, Li X, Nie Z, Zhou D, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Fei Z, Xu T. A structure-supporting, self-healing, and high permeating hydrogel bioink for establishment of diverse homogeneous tissue-like constructs. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3580-3595. [PMID: 33869899 PMCID: PMC8024533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ready-to-use, structure-supporting hydrogel bioink can shorten the time for ink preparation, ensure cell dispersion, and maintain the preset shape/microstructure without additional assistance during printing. Meanwhile, ink with high permeability might facilitate uniform cell growth in biological constructs, which is beneficial to homogeneous tissue repair. Unfortunately, current bioinks are hard to meet these requirements simultaneously in a simple way. Here, based on the fast dynamic crosslinking of aldehyde hyaluronic acid (AHA)/N-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and the slow stable crosslinking of gelatin (GEL)/4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl glutarate (PEG-SG), we present a time-sharing structure-supporting (TSHSP) hydrogel bioink with high permeability, containing 1% AHA, 0.75% CMC, 1% GEL and 0.5% PEG-SG. The TSHSP hydrogel can facilitate printing with proper viscoelastic property and self-healing behavior. By crosslinking with 4% PEG-SG for only 3 min, the integrity of the cell-laden construct can last for 21 days due to the stable internal and external GEL/PEG-SG networks, and cells manifested long-term viability and spreading morphology. Nerve-like, muscle-like, and cartilage-like in vitro constructs exhibited homogeneous cell growth and remarkable biological specificities. This work provides not only a convenient and practical bioink for tissue engineering, targeted cell therapy, but also a new direction for hydrogel bioink development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan, 430010, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhenguo Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100048, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Libiao Liu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
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26
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Gentile C, Lim KS, Vozzi G. Editorial: 3D Bioprinting of Vascularized Tissues for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:754124. [PMID: 34552919 PMCID: PMC8450492 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.754124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Light Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Interdepartmental Research Center E. Piaggio Faculty of Engineering - University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Alcala-Orozco CR, Cui X, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TB. Converging functionality: Strategies for 3D hybrid-construct biofabrication and the role of composite biomaterials for skeletal regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:188-216. [PMID: 33713862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, biomaterial development and our increasing understanding of cell biology has created enormous potential for the development of personalized regenerative therapies. In the context of skeletal tissue engineering, physical and biological demands play key roles towards successful construct implantation and the achievement of bone, cartilage and blood vessel tissue formation. Nevertheless, meeting such physical and biological demands to mimic the complexity of human tissues and their functionality is still a significant ongoing challenge. Recent studies have demonstrated that combination of AM technologies and advanced biomaterials has great potential towards skeletal tissue engineering. This review aims to analyze how the most prominent technologies and discoveries in the field converge towards the development of advanced constructs for skeletal regeneration. Particular attention is placed on hybrid biofabrication strategies, combining bioinks for cell delivery with biomaterial inks providing physical support. Hybrid biofabrication has been the focus of recent emerging strategies, however there has been limited review and analysis of these techniques and the challenges involved. Furthermore, we have identified that there are multiple hybrid fabrication strategies, here we present a category system where each strategy is reviewed highlighting their distinct advantages, challenges and potential applications. In addition, bioinks and biomaterial inks are the main components of the hybrid biofabrication strategies, where it is recognized that such platforms still lack optimal physical and biological functionality. Thus, this review also explores the development of composite materials specifically targeting the enhancement of physical and biological functionality towards improved skeletal tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biofabrication strategies capable of recreating the complexity of native tissues could open new clinical possibilities towards patient-specific regenerative therapies and disease models. Several reviews target the existing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that may be utilised for biomedical purposes. However, this work presents a unique perspective, describing how such AM technologies have been recently translated towards hybrid fabrication strategies, targeting the fabrication of constructs with converging physical and biological properties. Furthermore, we address composite bioinks and biomaterial inks that have been engineered to overcome traditional limitations, and might be applied to the hybrid fabrication strategies outlined. This work offers ample perspectives and insights into the current and future challenges for the fabrication of skeletal tissues aiming towards clinical and biomedical applications.
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28
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Naghieh S, Lindberg G, Tamaddon M, Liu C. Biofabrication Strategies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Evolution towards Clinical Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:123. [PMID: 34562945 PMCID: PMC8466376 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication has emerged as an attractive strategy to personalise medical care and provide new treatments for common organ damage or diseases. While it has made impactful headway in e.g., skin grafting, drug testing and cancer research purposes, its application to treat musculoskeletal tissue disorders in a clinical setting remains scarce. Albeit with several in vitro breakthroughs over the past decade, standard musculoskeletal treatments are still limited to palliative care or surgical interventions with limited long-term effects and biological functionality. To better understand this lack of translation, it is important to study connections between basic science challenges and developments with translational hurdles and evolving frameworks for this fully disruptive technology that is biofabrication. This review paper thus looks closely at the processing stage of biofabrication, specifically at the bioinks suitable for musculoskeletal tissue fabrication and their trends of usage. This includes underlying composite bioink strategies to address the shortfalls of sole biomaterials. We also review recent advances made to overcome long-standing challenges in the field of biofabrication, namely bioprinting of low-viscosity bioinks, controlled delivery of growth factors, and the fabrication of spatially graded biological and structural scaffolds to help biofabricate more clinically relevant constructs. We further explore the clinical application of biofabricated musculoskeletal structures, regulatory pathways, and challenges for clinical translation, while identifying the opportunities that currently lie closest to clinical translation. In this article, we consider the next era of biofabrication and the overarching challenges that need to be addressed to reach clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Gabriella Lindberg
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
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29
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Li W, Wang M, Mille LS, Antonio Robledo J, Huerta V, Uribe T, Cheng F, Li H, Gong J, Ching T, Murphy CA, Lesha A, Hassan S, Woodfield T, Lim KS, Shrike Zhang Y. A Smartphone-Enabled Portable Digital Light Processing 3D Printer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102153. [PMID: 34278618 PMCID: PMC8416928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has emerged as an enabling approach in a variety of different fields. However, the bulk volume of printing systems limits the expansion of their applications. In this study, a portable 3D Digital Light Processing (DLP) printer is built based on a smartphone-powered projector and a custom-written smartphone-operated app. Constructs with detailed surface architectures, porous features, or hollow structures, as well as sophisticated tissue analogs, are successfully printed using this platform, by utilizing commercial resins as well as a range of hydrogel-based inks, including poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate, gelatin methacryloyl, or allylated gelatin. Moreover, due to the portability of the unique DLP printer, medical implants can be fabricated for point-of-care usage, and cell-laden tissues can be produced in situ, achieving a new milestone for mobile-health technologies. Additionally, the all-in-one printing system described herein enables the integration of the 3D scanning smartphone app to obtain object-derived 3D digital models for subsequent printing. Along with further developments, this portable, modular, and easy-to-use smartphone-enabled DLP printer is anticipated to secure exciting opportunities for applications in resource-limited and point-of-care settings not only in biomedicine but also for home and educational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luis Santiago Mille
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Robledo
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valentín Huerta
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tlalli Uribe
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Feng Cheng
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hongbin Li
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiaxing Gong
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Terry Ching
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline A. Murphy
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Ami Lesha
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S. Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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30
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Levato R, Lim KS, Li W, Asua AU, Peña LB, Wang M, Falandt M, Bernal PN, Gawlitta D, Zhang YS, Woodfield TBF, Malda J. High-resolution lithographic biofabrication of hydrogels with complex microchannels from low-temperature-soluble gelatin bioresins. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100162. [PMID: 34870141 PMCID: PMC8626672 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication via light-based 3D printing offers superior resolution and ability to generate free-form architectures, compared to conventional extrusion technologies. While extensive efforts in the design of new hydrogel bioinks lead to major advances in extrusion methods, the accessibility of lithographic bioprinting is still hampered by a limited choice of cell-friendly resins. Herein, we report the development of a novel set of photoresponsive bioresins derived from ichthyic-origin gelatin, designed to print high-resolution hydrogel constructs with embedded convoluted networks of vessel-mimetic channels. Unlike mammalian gelatins, these materials display thermal stability as pre-hydrogel solutions at room temperature, ideal for bioprinting on any easily-accessible lithographic printer. Norbornene- and methacryloyl-modification of the gelatin backbone, combined with a ruthenium-based visible light photoinitiator and new coccine as a cytocompatible photoabsorber, allowed to print structures resolving single-pixel features (∼50 μm) with high shape fidelity, even when using low stiffness gels, ideal for cell encapsulation (1-2 kPa). Moreover, aqueous two-phase emulsion bioresins allowed to modulate the permeability of the printed hydrogel bulk. Bioprinted mesenchymal stromal cells displayed high functionality over a month of culture, and underwent multi-lineage differentiation while colonizing the bioresin bulk with tissue-specific neo-deposited extracellular matrix. Importantly, printed hydrogels embedding complex channels with perfusable lumen (diameter <200 μm) were obtained, replicating anatomical 3D networks with out-of-plane branches (i.e. brain vessels) that cannot otherwise be reproduced by extrusion bioprinting. This versatile bioresin platform opens new avenues for the widespread adoption of lithographic biofabrication, and for bioprinting complex channel-laden constructs with envisioned applications in regenerative medicine and hydrogel-based organ-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Levato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, the Netherlands
| | - Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ane Urigoitia Asua
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Blanco Peña
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
| | - Marc Falandt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, USA
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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31
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Effect of Photoinitiator on Precursory Stability and Curing Depth of Thiol-Ene Clickable Gelatin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111877. [PMID: 34198796 PMCID: PMC8201352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances highlight the potential of photopolymerizable allylated gelatin (GelAGE) as a versatile hydrogel with highly tailorable properties. It is, however, unknown how different photoinitiating system affects the stability, gelation kinetics and curing depth of GelAGE. In this study, sol fraction, mass swelling ratio, mechanical properties, rheological properties, and curing depth were evaluated as a function of time with three photo-initiating systems: Irgacure 2959 (Ig2959; 320–500 nm), lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP; 320–500 nm), and ruthenium/sodium persulfate (Ru/SPS; 400–500 nm). Results demonstrated that GelAGE precursory solutions mixed with either Ig2959 or LAP remained stable over time while the Ru/SPS system enabled the onset of controllable redox polymerization without irradiation during pre-incubation. Photo-polymerization using the Ru/SPS system was significantly faster (<5 s) compared to both Ig2959 (70 s) and LAP (50 s). Plus, The Ru/SPS system was capable of polymerizing a thick construct (8.88 ± 0.94 mm), while Ig2959 (1.62 ± 0.49 mm) initiated hydrogels displayed poor penetration depth with LAP (7.38 ± 2.13 mm) in between. These results thus support the use of the visible light based Ru/SPS photo-initiator for constructs requiring rapid gelation and a good curing depth while Ig2959 or LAP can be applied for photo-polymerization of GelAGE materials requiring long-term incubation prior to application if UV is not a concern.
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32
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Chen H, Fei F, Li X, Nie Z, Zhou D, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Fei Z, Xu T. A facile, versatile hydrogel bioink for 3D bioprinting benefits long-term subaqueous fidelity, cell viability and proliferation. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab026. [PMID: 34211734 PMCID: PMC8240632 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both of the long-term fidelity and cell viability of three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted constructs are essential to precise soft tissue repair. However, the shrinking/swelling behavior of hydrogels brings about inadequate long-term fidelity of constructs, and bioinks containing excessive polymer are detrimental to cell viability. Here, we obtained a facile hydrogel by introducing 1% aldehyde hyaluronic acid (AHA) and 0.375% N-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), two polysaccharides with strong water absorption and water retention capacity, into classic gelatin (GEL, 5%)-alginate (ALG, 1%) ink. This GEL-ALG/CMC/AHA bioink possesses weak temperature dependence due to the Schiff base linkage of CMC/AHA and electrostatic interaction of CMC/ALG. We fabricated integrated constructs through traditional printing at room temperature and in vivo simulation printing at 37°C. The printed cell-laden constructs can maintain subaqueous fidelity for 30 days after being reinforced by 3% calcium chloride for only 20 s. Flow cytometry results showed that the cell viability was 91.38 ± 1.55% on day 29, and the cells in the proliferation plateau at this time still maintained their dynamic renewal with a DNA replication rate of 6.06 ± 1.24%. This work provides a convenient and practical bioink option for 3D bioprinting in precise soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhenguo Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth medical center of PLA general hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Libiao Liu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China
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33
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Augustine R, Kalva SN, Ahmad R, Zahid AA, Hasan S, Nayeem A, McClements L, Hasan A. 3D Bioprinted cancer models: Revolutionizing personalized cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101015. [PMID: 33493799 PMCID: PMC7823217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide with devastating health and economic consequences, particularly in developing countries. Inter-patient variations in anti-cancer drug responses further limit the success of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, personalized medicines approach is key for this patient group involving molecular and genetic screening and appropriate stratification of patients to treatment regimen that they will respond to. However, the knowledge related to adequate risk stratification methods identifying patients who will respond to specific anti-cancer agents is still lacking in many cancer types. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, have been extensively used to generate representative bioengineered tumor in vitro models, which recapitulate the human tumor tissues and microenvironment for high-throughput drug screening. Bioprinting process involves the precise deposition of multiple layers of different cell types in combination with biomaterials capable of generating 3D bioengineered tissues based on a computer-aided design. Bioprinted cancer models containing patient-derived cancer and stromal cells together with genetic material, extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, represent a promising approach for personalized cancer therapy screening. Both natural and synthetic biopolymers have been utilized to support the proliferation of cells and biological material within the personalized tumor models/implants. These models can provide a physiologically pertinent cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by mimicking the 3D heterogeneity of real tumors. Here, we reviewed the potential applications of 3D bioprinted tumor constructs as personalized in vitro models in anticancer drug screening and in the establishment of precision treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sumama Nuthana Kalva
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Shajia Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajisha Nayeem
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, 680020, Kerala, India
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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34
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Castilho M, Levato R, Bernal PN, de Ruijter M, Sheng CY, van Duijn J, Piluso S, Ito K, Malda J. Hydrogel-Based Bioinks for Cell Electrowriting of Well-Organized Living Structures with Micrometer-Scale Resolution. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:855-866. [PMID: 33412840 PMCID: PMC7880563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting has become an important tool for fabricating regenerative implants and in vitro cell culture platforms. However, until today, extrusion-based bioprinting processes are limited to resolutions of hundreds of micrometers, which hamper the reproduction of intrinsic functions and morphologies of living tissues. This study describes novel hydrogel-based bioinks for cell electrowriting (CEW) of well-organized cell-laden fiber structures with diameters ranging from 5 to 40 μm. Two novel photoresponsive hydrogel bioinks, that is, based on gelatin and silk fibroin, which display distinctly different gelation chemistries, are introduced. The rapid photomediated cross-linking mechanisms, electrical conductivity, and viscosity of these two engineered bioinks allow the fabrication of 3D ordered fiber constructs with small pores (down to 100 μm) with different geometries (e.g., squares, hexagons, and curved patterns) of relevant thicknesses (up to 200 μm). Importantly, the biocompatibility of the gelatin- and silk fibroin-based bioinks enables the fabrication of cell-laden constructs, while maintaining high cell viability post printing. Taken together, CEW and the two hydrogel bioinks open up fascinating opportunities to manufacture microstructured constructs for applications in regenerative medicine and in vitro models that can better resemble cellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulina Nunez Bernal
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mylène de Ruijter
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Y Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost van Duijn
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanna Piluso
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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35
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Askari M, Afzali Naniz M, Kouhi M, Saberi A, Zolfagharian A, Bodaghi M. Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:535-573. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research communities to bridge the divergence between artificially engineered tissue constructs and native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Askari
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
| | - Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
| | - Monireh Kouhi
- Biomaterials Research Group
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Azadeh Saberi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering
- School of Science and Technology
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS
- UK
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36
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Nieto D, Marchal Corrales JA, Jorge de Mora A, Moroni L. Fundamentals of light-cell-polymer interactions in photo-cross-linking based bioprinting. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041502. [PMID: 33094212 PMCID: PMC7553782 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication technologies that use light for polymerization of biomaterials have made
significant progress in the quality, resolution, and generation of precise complex tissue
structures. In recent years, the evolution of these technologies has been growing along
with the development of new photocurable resins and photoinitiators that are biocompatible
and biodegradable with bioactive properties. Such evolution has allowed the progress of a
large number of tissue engineering applications. Flexibility in the design, scale, and
resolution and wide applicability of technologies are strongly dependent on the
understanding of the biophysics involved in the biofabrication process. In particular,
understanding cell–light interactions is crucial when bioprinting using cell-laden
biomaterials. Here, we summarize some theoretical mechanisms, which condition cell
response during bioprinting using light based technologies. We take a brief look at the
light–biomaterial interaction for a better understanding of how linear effects
(refraction, reflection, absorption, emission, and scattering) and nonlinear effects
(two-photon absorption) influence the biofabricated tissue structures and identify the
different parameters essential for maintaining cell viability during and after
bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Jorge de Mora
- SERGAS (Galician Health Service) and IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Orthopaedic Department, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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