1
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Magruder BR, Morse DC, Ellison CJ, Dorfman KD. Boundary Frustration in Double-Gyroid Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:382-388. [PMID: 38478981 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Self-consistent field theory for thin films of AB diblock polymers in the double-gyroid phase reveals that in the absence of preferential wetting of monomer species at the film boundaries, films with the (211) plane oriented parallel to the boundaries are more stable than other orientations, consistent with experimental results. This preferred orientation is explained in the context of boundary frustration. Specifically, the angle of intersection between the A/B interface and the film boundary, the wetting angle, is thermodynamically restricted to a narrow range of values. Most termination planes in the double gyroid cannot accommodate this narrow range of wetting angles without significant local distortion relative to the bulk morphology; the (211)-oriented termination plane with the "double-wave" pattern produces relatively minimal distortion, making it the least frustrated boundary. The principle of boundary frustration provides a framework to understand the relative stability of termination planes for complex ordered block polymer phases confined between flat, nonpreferential boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Magruder
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David C Morse
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kevin D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Wang J, Hou L. Spatially Amplified and Rigid Junction in Diblock Copolymers: Reduced Microphase Separation Size via Interface Expansion. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:348-353. [PMID: 38447586 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We introduce an approach in diblock copolymer design, where modifying the junction point with rigid bulky monomer expands the cross-sectional area of the interface and leads to a decrease in the repeat period. Using living anionic polymerization, we synthesized a series of dialkynyl midfunctionalized poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PSM-DA) and functionalized them using the thiol-alkyne click reaction with specifically selected rigid bulky monomers: PSS-(3-mercapto)propyl-heptaisobutyl substituted (PSS) and 1-adamantanethiol (ADA). This modification, though involving only a single monomer unit within the diblock copolymer structure, brought about a significant reduction in domain size, with PSS and ADA reducing it by 18% and 15%, respectively. The results indicate a method for reducing the domain sizes of block copolymers, which could lead to advancements in lithography and various nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Wang
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Specialty Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
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3
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Chen Z, Ribbe AE, Steinmetz C, Coughlin EB, Hu M, Gan X, Russell TP. Phase Behavior of Charged Star Block Copolymers at Fluids Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400127. [PMID: 38206892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The phase behavior of block copolymers (BCPs) at the water-oil interface is influenced by the segmental interaction parameter ( χ ${\chi }$ ) and chain architecture. We synthesized a series of star block copolymers (s-BCPs) having polystyrene (PS) as core and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) as corona. The interaction parameters of block-block ( χ ${\chi }$ PS-P2VP ) and block-solvent ( χ ${\chi }$ P2VP-solvent ) were varied by adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution. Lowering pH increased the fraction of quaternized-P2VP (Q-P2VP) with enhanced hydrophilicity. By transferring the equilibrated interfacial assemblies, morphologies ranging from bicontinuous films at pH of 7 and 3.1 to nanoporous and nanotubular structure at pH of 0.65 were observed. The nanoporous films formed hexagonally packed pores in s-BCP matrix, while nanotubes comprised Q-P2VP as corona and PS as core. Control over pore size, d-spacing between pores, and nanotube diameters was achieved by varying polymer concentration, molecular weight, volume fraction and arm number of s-BCPs. Large-scale nanoporous films were obtained by freeze-drying emulsions. Remarkably, the morphologies of linear BCPs were inverted, forming hexagonal-packed rigid spherical micelles with Q-P2VP as core and PS as corona in multilayer. This work provides insights of phase behaviors of BCP at fluids interface and offer a facile approach to prepare nanoporous film with well-controlled pore structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alexander E Ribbe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Christian Steinmetz
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - E Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xuchen Gan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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4
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Jambhulkar S, Ravichandran D, Zhu Y, Thippanna V, Ramanathan A, Patil D, Fonseca N, Thummalapalli SV, Sundaravadivelan B, Sun A, Xu W, Yang S, Kannan AM, Golan Y, Lancaster J, Chen L, Joyee EB, Song K. Nanoparticle Assembly: From Self-Organization to Controlled Micropatterning for Enhanced Functionalities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306394. [PMID: 37775949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles form long-range micropatterns via self-assembly or directed self-assembly with superior mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, chemical, and other functional properties for broad applications, such as structural supports, thermal exchangers, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and robotics. The precisely defined particle assembly at the nanoscale with simultaneously scalable patterning at the microscale is indispensable for enabling functionality and improving the performance of devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of nanoparticle assembly formed primarily via the balance of forces at the nanoscale (e.g., van der Waals, colloidal, capillary, convection, and chemical forces) and nanoparticle-template interactions (e.g., physical confinement, chemical functionalization, additive layer-upon-layer). The review commences with a general overview of nanoparticle self-assembly, with the state-of-the-art literature review and motivation. It subsequently reviews the recent progress in nanoparticle assembly without the presence of surface templates. Manufacturing techniques for surface template fabrication and their influence on nanoparticle assembly efficiency and effectiveness are then explored. The primary focus is the spatial organization and orientational preference of nanoparticles on non-templated and pre-templated surfaces in a controlled manner. Moreover, the article discusses broad applications of micropatterned surfaces, encompassing various fields. Finally, the review concludes with a summary of manufacturing methods, their limitations, and future trends in nanoparticle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Jambhulkar
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Varunkumar Thippanna
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramanathan
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dhanush Patil
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Nathan Fonseca
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sri Vaishnavi Thummalapalli
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Barath Sundaravadivelan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Allen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arunachala Mada Kannan
- The Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuval Golan
- Department of Materials Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jessica Lancaster
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Erina B Joyee
- Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kenan Song
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering (ECAM), College of Engineering, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Adjunct Professor of School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
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Lee J, Park H, Lee W, Park K, Kwon K, Jung HT. Density Multiplication of Highly Periodic Sub-5 nm Supramolecular Dendrimer Cylinders on Block Copolymer Lamellar-Assisted High-Resolution Patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18229-18237. [PMID: 38048135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Density multiplication in nanopatterning is one of the most efficient techniques for increasing the resolution of the inherent patterns. Thus far, most of the density multiplication techniques integrate bottom-up (or top-down) patterning onto guide patterns prepared by the top-down approach. Although the bottom-up approach exhibits several advantages of cost-effectiveness and high resolution, very few studies have reported bottom-up patterning within a bottom-up template. In this study, the density multiplication of supramolecular cylinders into a block copolymer (BCP)-based guide lamellar pattern is demonstrated by the directed self-assembly (DSA) of a dendrimer and BCPs for the first time. Supramolecular cylinders of sub-5 nm scale are confined into trenches based on 50 and 100 nm scales of a lamellar polystyrene (PS)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) BCP, which led to 10×-level to 20×-level density multiplication. Moreover, the orientation of the dendrimer is dependent on the dendrimer film thickness, and the corresponding mechanism is revealed. Notably, the strong guiding effect from the high-resolution guide patterns improved the ordering behavior in the highly curved pattern. Graphoepitaxy via the confinement of an ultrahigh-resolution dendrimer into the guide pattern based on BCP demonstrates promise as a density multiplication method for generating highly ordered nanostructures and complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Institute for Nanocentury, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Institute for Nanocentury, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wonmoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Institute for Nanocentury, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kangho Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Institute for Nanocentury, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Inc, 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18448, Korea
| | - Kiok Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Institute for Nanocentury, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Green Chemistry and Materials Group, Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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6
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Cho J, Oh J, Bang J, Koh JH, Jeong HY, Chung S, Son JG. Roll-to-plate 0.1-second shear-rolling process at elevated temperature for highly aligned nanopatterns. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8412. [PMID: 38110407 PMCID: PMC10728125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The shear-rolling process is a promising directed self-assembly method that can produce high-quality sub-10 nm block copolymer line-space patterns cost-effectively and straightforwardly over a large area. This study presents a high temperature (280 °C) and rapid (~0.1 s) shear-rolling process that can achieve a high degree of orientation in a single process while effectively preventing film delamination, that can be applied to large-area continuous processes. By minimizing adhesion, normal forces, and ultimate shear strain of the polydimethylsiloxane pad, shearing was successfully performed without peeling up to 280 °C at which the chain mobility significantly increases. This method can be utilized for various high-χ block copolymers and surface neutralization processes. It enables the creation of block copolymer patterns with a half-pitch as small as 8 nm in a unidirectional way. Moreover, the 0.1-second rapid shear-rolling was successfully performed on long, 3-inch width polyimide flexible films to validate its potential for the roll-to-roll process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Cho
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Oh
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Hyun Koh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Yeub Jeong
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Singh S, Ghoshal T, Prochukhan N, Fernandez AA, Vasquez JF, Yadav P, Padmanabhan SC, Morris MA. Morphology Engineering of the Asymmetric PS- b-P4VP Block Copolymer: From Porous to Nanodot Oxide Structures. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:9612-9619. [PMID: 37970530 PMCID: PMC10644307 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate the formation of oxide porous and nanodot structures from the same block copolymer (BCP) by the phase inversion of a BCP template. We investigated the effect of solvent annealing time on the ordering of asymmetric, cylinder forming, polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) BCP. Phase separation of PS-b-P4VP was achieved by solvent vapor annealing (SVA) in a solvent atmosphere that is (partially) selective to P4VP to initially generate hexagonally arranged, cylindrical arrays of the expected structure. The morphology of the BCP changed from P4VP hexagonally packed cylinders to an 'inverse' structure with PS cylinders embedded in a P4VP matrix. This suggests that selective swelling occurs over time such that the swollen P4VP phase becomes the majority volume component. Metal ions (Ga3+, In3+) were infiltrated into the BCP templates by a solution-mediated infiltration approach, followed by an ultraviolet-ozone treatment to remove the polymer and oxidize the metallic ions to their oxides. The findings show that a single BCP can be used to create both metal oxide arrays and porous structures of metal oxides by simply varying the duration of the solvent annealing process. The resulting structures were analyzed through several methods including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. XPS analyses confirmed the complete elimination of the BCP template and the presence of metal oxides. This study provides important insights into the development of functional BCP materials with inverse structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan Singh
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Tandra Ghoshal
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | | | | | - Pravind Yadav
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Sibu C. Padmanabhan
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
| | - Michael A. Morris
- AMBER Research Centre and
School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02AK60, Ireland
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Baumgarten N, Mumtaz M, Merino DH, Solano E, Halila S, Bernard J, Drockenmuller E, Fleury G, Borsali R. Interface Manipulations Using Cross-Linked Underlayers and Surface-Active Diblock Copolymers to Extend Morphological Diversity in High-χ Diblock Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23736-23748. [PMID: 37134266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Top and bottom interfaces of high-χ cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-maltoheptaose (PS-b-MH) diblock copolymer (BCP) thin films are manipulated using cross-linked copolymer underlayers and a fluorinated phase-preferential surface-active polymer (SAP) additive to direct the self-assembly (both morphology and orientation) of BCP microdomains into sub-10 nm patterns. A series of four photo-cross-linkable statistical copolymers with various contents of styrene, a 4-vinylbenzyl azide cross-linker, and a carbohydrate-based acrylamide are processed into 15 nm-thick cross-linked passivation layers on silicon substrates. A partially fluorinated analogue of the PS-b-MH phase-preferential SAP additive is designed to tune the surface energy of the top interface. The self-assembly of PS-b-MH thin films on top of different cross-linked underlayers and including 0-20 wt % of SAP additive is investigated by atomic force microscopy and synchrotron grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. The precise manipulation of the interfaces of ca. 30 nm thick PS-b-MH films not only allows the control of the in-plane/out-of-plane orientation of hexagonally packed (HEX) cylinders but also promotes epitaxial order-order transitions from HEX cylinders to either face-centered orthorhombic or body-centered cubic spheres without modifying the volume fraction of both blocks. This general approach paves the way for the controlled self-assembly of other high-χ BCP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Baumgarten
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | | | - Daniel Hermida Merino
- Dutch-Belgian Beamline, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, E36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sami Halila
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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9
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Hung CJ, Panda AS, Lee YC, Liu SY, Lin JW, Wang HF, Avgeropoulos A, Tseng FG, Chen FR, Ho RM. Direct Visualization of the Self-Alignment Process for Nanostructured Block Copolymer Thin Films by Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:570-576. [PMID: 37053545 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, this work aims to directly visualize the morphological evolution of the controlled self-assembly of star-block polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) thin films via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. With an environmental chip, possessing a built-in metal wire-based microheater fabricated by the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technique, in situ TEM observations can be conducted under low-dose conditions to investigate the development of film-spanning perpendicular cylinders in the block copolymer (BCP) thin films via a self-alignment process. Owing to the free-standing condition, a symmetric condition of the BCP thin films can be formed for thermal annealing under vacuum with neutral air surface, whereas an asymmetric condition can be formed by an air plasma treatment on one side of the thin film that creates an end-capped neutral layer. A systematic comparison of the time-resolved self-alignment process in the symmetric and asymmetric conditions can be carried out, giving comprehensive insights for the self-alignment process via the nucleation and growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jung Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Aum Sagar Panda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Liu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Electron Microscopy Development and Application, Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 518057, Hong Kong
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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10
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Hu M, Li X, Heller WT, Bras W, Rzayev J, Russell TP. Using Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle Neutron Scattering to Study the Orientation of Block Copolymer Morphologies in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Hu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xindi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - William T. Heller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008,
MS-6473, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6131, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Li C, Pan Y, Xiao T, Xiang L, Li Q, Tian F, Manners I, Mai Y. Metal Organic Framework Cubosomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215985. [PMID: 36647212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a general strategy for the synthesis of ordered bicontinuous-structured metal organic frameworks (MOFs) by using polymer cubosomes (PCs) with a double primitive structure (Im 3 ‾ ${\bar{3}}$ m symmetry) as the template. The filling of MOF precursors in the open channel of PCs, followed by their coordination and removal of the template, generates MOF cubosomes with a single primitive topology (Pm 3 ‾ ${\bar{3}}$ m) and average mesopore diameters of 60-65 nm. Mechanism study reveals that the formation of ZIF-8 cubosomes undergoes a new MOF growth process, which involves the formation of individual MOF seeds in the template, their growth and eventual fusion into the cubosomes. Their growth kinetics follows the Avrami equation with an Avrami exponent of n=3 and a growth rate of k=1.33×10-4 , indicating their fast 3D heterogeneous growth mode. Serving as a bioreactor, the ZIF-8 cubosomes show high loading of trypsin enzyme, leading to a high catalytic activity in the proteolysis of bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianyu Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Luoxing Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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12
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Kang M, Kim KH, Bang J, Kim J. Nanostructured doping of WSe 2via block copolymer patterns and its self-powered photodetector application. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2595-2601. [PMID: 36632796 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06742k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), e.g., MoS2, MoSe2, ReS2, and WSe2, are effective materials for advanced optoelectronics owing to their intriguing optical, structural, and electrical properties. Various approaches for manipulating the surface of the TMDs have been suggested to unleash the optoelectronic potential of the TMDs. Herein, we employed the self-assembly of the poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymer (BCP) to prepare a nanoporous pattern and generate nanostructured charge-transfer p-doping on the WSe2 surface, maximizing the depletion region in the absorber layer. After the spin coating and thermal annealing of PS-b-PMMA, followed by the selective etching of PMMA cylindrical microdomains using oxygen reactive-ion plasma, nanopatterned WOx with high electron affinity was grown on the WSe2 surface, forming a three-dimensional homojunction. The nanopatterned WOx significantly expanded the depletion region in the WSe2 layer, thus enhancing optoelectronic performance and self-powered photodetection. The proposed approach based on the nanostructured doping of the TMDs via BCP nanolithography can help create a promising platform for highly functional optoelectrical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miae Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Schmarsow RN, Casado U, Ceolín M, Zucchi IA, Müller AJ, Schroeder WF. Supramolecular Networks Obtained by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly in a Polymer Matrix: Crystallization Behavior and Its Effect on the Mechanical Response. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N. Schmarsow
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Cristóbal Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ulises Casado
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Cristóbal Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16-Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ileana A. Zucchi
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Cristóbal Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Walter F. Schroeder
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Cristóbal Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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14
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Mishra AK, Lee J, Kang S, Kim E, Choi C, Kim JK. Gallol-Based Block Copolymer with a High Flory–Huggins Interaction Parameter for Next-Generation Lithography. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar Mishra
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials By High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials By High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Kang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials By High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseol Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials By High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials By High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials By High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Republic of Korea
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16
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Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Peng M, Hu D, Chang X, Zhu Y. Confined Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers within Emulsion Droplets: A Perspective. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9435-9442. [PMID: 36378152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When the self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) occurs within organic emulsion droplets in the aqueous phase, the strong structural frustration of BCP chains causes the formation of a series of well-regulated BCP particles that cannot be obtained from the self-assembly of BCPs in the bulk state or solution. In this Perspective, we review the recent progress of the self-assembly of BCPs confined in emulsion droplets. The governing factors of the structure and morphology of the as-prepared BCP particles are summarized. In addition, the applications of the as-prepared BCP particles in photonic crystals and drug release are discussed. Finally, we also give a forward-looking perspective on future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Peng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengwen Hu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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18
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Priming self-assembly pathways by stacking block copolymers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6947. [PMID: 36376380 PMCID: PMC9663688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers spontaneously self-assemble into well-defined nanoscale morphologies. Yet equilibrium assembly gives rise to a limited set of structures. Non-equilibrium strategies can, in principle, expand diversity by exploiting self-assembly's responsive nature. In this vein, we developed a pathway priming strategy combining control of thin film initial configurations and ordering history. We sequentially coat distinct materials to form prescribed initial states, and use thermal annealing to evolve these manifestly non-equilibrium states through the assembly landscape, traversing normally inaccessible transient structures. We explore the enormous associated hyperspace, spanning processing (annealing temperature and time), material (composition and molecular weight), and layering (thickness and order) dimensions. We demonstrate a library of exotic non-native morphologies, including vertically-oriented perforated lamellae, aqueduct structures (vertical lamellar walls with substrate-pinned perforations), parapets (crenellated lamellae), and networks of crisscrossing lamellae. This enhanced structural control can be used to modify functional properties, including accessing regimes that surpass their equilibrium analogs.
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19
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Coceancigh H, Xue L, Nagasaka S, Higgins DA, Ito T. Solvent-Induced Swelling Behaviors of Microphase-Separated Polystyrene- block-Poly(ethylene oxide) Thin Films Investigated Using In Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8338-8349. [PMID: 36219821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers have attracted considerable interest in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology because these polymers afford well-defined nanostructures via self-assembly. An in-depth understanding of solvent effects on the physicochemical properties of these microdomains is crucial for their preparation and utilization. Herein, we employed in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and single-molecule fluorescence techniques to gain detailed insights into microdomain properties in polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) films exposed to ethanol- and water-saturated N2. We observed a quick increase and a subsequent gradual decrease in the ellipsometric thickness of PS-b-PEO films upon exposure to ethanol-saturated N2. This observation was unexpected because ethanol-saturated N2 induced negligible thickness change for PS and PEO homopolymer films. The similarity in maximum thickness gain observed under ethanol- and water-saturated N2 implied the swelling of PEO microdomains. Ethanol vapor permeation through the PEO microdomains was supported by the redshift of the ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence emission of Nile red in PS-b-PEO films. Single-molecule tracking data showed the initial enhancement and subsequent reduction of the diffusion of hydrophilic sulforhodamine B molecules in PS-b-PEO films upon exposure to ethanol-saturated N2, consistent with the spectroscopic ellipsometry results. The higher ethanol susceptibility of the PEO microdomains was attributable to their amorphous nature, as shown by FTIR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Coceancigh
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Lianjie Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Shinobu Nagasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Daniel A Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
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20
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Panda AS, Lee YC, Hung CJ, Liu KP, Chang CY, Manesi GM, Avgeropoulos A, Tseng FG, Chen FR, Ho RM. Vacuum-Driven Orientation of Nanostructured Diblock Copolymer Thin Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12686-12694. [PMID: 35905494 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to demonstrate a facile method for the controlled orientation of nanostructures of block copolymer (BCP) thin films. A simple diblock copolymer system, polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS), is chosen to demonstrate vacuum-driven orientation for solving the notorious low-surface-energy problem of silicon-based BCP nanopatterning. By taking advantage of the pressure dependence of the surface tension of polymeric materials, a neutral air surface for the PS-b-PDMS thin film can be formed under a high vacuum degree (∼10-4 Pa), allowing the formation of the film-spanning perpendicular cylinders and lamellae upon thermal annealing. In contrast to perpendicular lamellae, a long-range lateral order for forming perpendicular cylinders can be efficiently achieved through the self-alignment mechanism for induced ordering from the top and bottom of the free-standing thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aum Sagar Panda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jung Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ping Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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21
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Enhancement of thermal stability of structural color by the substituent effect in polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane in block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Porath L, Soman B, Jing BB, Evans CM. Vitrimers: Using Dynamic Associative Bonds to Control Viscoelasticity, Assembly, and Functionality in Polymer Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:475-483. [PMID: 35575320 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitrimers have been investigated in the past decade for their promise as recyclable, reprocessable, and self-healing materials. In this Viewpoint, we focus on some of the key open questions that remain regarding how the molecular-scale chemistry impacts macroscopic physical chemistry. The ability to design temperature-dependent complex viscoelastic spectra with independent control of viscosity and modulus based on knowledge of the dynamic bond and polymer chemistry is first discussed. Next, the role of dynamic covalent chemistry on self-assembly is highlighted in the context of crystallization and nanophase separation. Finally, the ability of dynamic bond exchange to manipulate molecular transport and viscoelasticity is discussed in the context of various applications. Future directions leveraging dynamic covalent chemistry to provide insights regarding fundamental polymer physics as well as imparting functionality into polymers are discussed in all three of these highlighted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Porath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Bhaskar Soman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Brian B. Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
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23
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Zheng CY, Yao Y, Deng J, Seifert S, Wong AM, Lee B, Mirkin CA. Confined Growth of DNA-Assembled Superlattice Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4813-4822. [PMID: 35213130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the assembly of DNA-functionalized nanocubes under lateral confinement in microscale square trenches on a DNA-functionalized substrate. Microfocus small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize the superlattices (SLs). The results indicate that nanocubes form simple-cubic SLs with square-prism morphology and a (100) out-of-plane orientation to maximize DNA bonding. In-plane, SLs align with the template, exposing their {100} side facets, and the degree of alignment depends on trench size. Interestingly, the distribution of in-plane orientations determined from SAXS and SEM do not agree, indicating that the internal and external structures of the SLs differ. To understand this discrepancy, X-ray ptychography is employed to image the internal structures of the SLs, revealing that SLs which appear to be single-crystalline in SEM may have subsurface grain boundaries, depending on trench size. SEM reveals that the SLs grow via nucleation and growth of randomly oriented domains, which then coalesce; this mechanism explains the observed dependence of alignment and defect structure on size. Interestingly, crystallization occurs via an unusual growth mode, whereby continuous SL layers grow on top of several misoriented islands. Overall, this work elucidates the effect of lateral confinement on the crystallization of DNA-functionalized nanoparticles and shows how X-ray ptychography can be used to gain insight into nanoparticle crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yudong Yao
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Junjing Deng
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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24
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Wang S, Li Q, He B, Gao M, Ji Y, Cui Z, Yan F, Ma X, Younas M, Li J. Preparation of Small-Pore Ultrafiltration Membranes with High Surface Porosity by In Situ CO 2 Nanobubble-Assisted NIPS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8633-8643. [PMID: 35107273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with a small pore size (<20 nm) and high surface porosity is still a great challenge. In this work, a nanobubble-assisted nonsolvent-induced phase separation (BNIPS) technique was developed to prepare high-performance UF membranes by adding a tiny amount of CaCO3 nanoparticles into the casting solution. The phase inversion occurred in a dilute-acid coagulation bath to simultaneously generate CO2 nanobubbles, which regulated the membrane structure. The effects of the nano-CaCO3 content in the casting solution on the structure and performance of poly(ethersulfone)/sulfonated polysulfone (PES/SPSf) UF membranes were studied. The UF membrane prepared from a casting solution with 0.3% nano-CaCO3 achieved a surface porosity of 12%, a pore diameter of 10.2 nm, and a skin-layer thickness of 80.3 nm. The superior structure of the UF membrane was mainly attributed to the in situ generation of CO2 nanobubbles because the CO2 nanobubbles were amphiphobic to water and solvents to delay the phase inversion time and acted as nanosize porogens. The produced membrane showed an unprecedented separation performance, achieving a pure water permeance of up to 1128 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1, 2.5 fold that of the control membrane. Similarly, a high bovine serum albumin rejection of above 99.0% was obtained. The overall permeability and selectivity were better than those of commercial and other previously reported UF membranes. This work provides insight toward a simple and cost-effective technique to address the trade-off between pure water permeance and solute rejection of UF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Benqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Mantong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Younas
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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26
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Self-assembly of carbohydrate-based block copolymer systems: glyconanoparticles and highly nanostructured thin films. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Deng H, Zhou J, Li X, Yang Z. Si containing block copolymers quickly assemble into sub-6 nm domains. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a potential patterning technology for sub-7 nm lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Deng
- School of Microelectronics and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianuo Zhou
- School of Microelectronics and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuemiao Li
- School of Microelectronics and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Microelectronics and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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28
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Ziegenbalg N, Gruschwitz FV, Adermann T, Mayr L, Guriyanova S, Brendel JC. Vinyl mercaptoethanol as a reactive monomer for the preparation of functional homo- and copolymers with (meth)acrylates. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl mercaptoethanol is a scalable vinyl thioether monomer, which can readily be polymerized in a free radical process or by controlled methods. It tends to form alternating copolymers if copolymerized with acrylates and methacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franka V. Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torben Adermann
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Germany
| | - Lukas Mayr
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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29
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Park K, Hyeon S, Kang KM, Eum K, Kim J, Kim DW, Jung HT. Long-Range alignment of liquid crystalline small molecules on Metal-Organic framework micropores by physical anchoring. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Ghoshal T, Prochukhan N, Morris MA. Sub-25 nm Inorganic and Dielectric Nanopattern Arrays on Substrates: A Block Copolymer-Assisted Lithography. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35738-35744. [PMID: 34984304 PMCID: PMC8717533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A range of well-ordered inorganic (antimony, tin, and tungsten oxide) and dielectric (silica, alumina, and hafnia) nanoparticles and nanowire array patterns are created on substrates by a low-cost block copolymer (BCP) approach. A cylindrical-phase PS-b-PEO BCP is used as a template with hexagonally ordered perpendicular or parallel orientation of PEO cylinders. The solvent annealing parameters such as solvents, temperature, time, and so forth are optimized to achieve the desired patterns. An established BCP in situ inclusion protocol is utilized to achieve the material nanopatterns by spin coating the respective precursor ethanolic solution on the template followed by UV/ozone treatment for oxide conversion and polymer removal. Furthermore, the precursor solution concentrations and stirring times are calibrated to achieve isolated, well-ordered, and uniform-diameter and -thickness nanoparticles and nanowires. All of the material nanopatterns are mimicking the parent BCP nanopatterns. The phases of all of the nanopatterns are determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The inorganic and dielectric nanopattern arrays are patterned on a graphoepitaxial substrate for device application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandra Ghoshal
- School of Chemistry, AMBER and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 AK60, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- School of Chemistry, AMBER and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 AK60, Ireland
| | - Michael A. Morris
- School of Chemistry, AMBER and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 AK60, Ireland
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31
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Ohke M, Matsui J. Rapid Formation of a Lamellar Structure in an Amphiphilic Comb‐Shaped Polymer by Nanophase Separation Using Microwave–Humidity Annealing. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ohke
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University 1‐4‐12 Kojirakawa‐machi Yamagata 990‐8560 Japan
| | - Jun Matsui
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University 1‐4‐12 Kojirakawa‐machi Yamagata 990‐8560 Japan
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32
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Liberman-Martin AL, Chang AB, Chu CK, Siddique RH, Lee B, Grubbs RH. Processing Effects on the Self-Assembly of Brush Block Polymer Photonic Crystals. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1480-1486. [PMID: 35549148 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PDMS-b-PTMC) bottlebrush block polymers was investigated under different processing conditions. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and UV/Visible spectroscopy provided insight into the self-assembly and structure in response to heating and applied pressure. In the absence of applied pressure (i.e., before annealing), the PDMS-b-PTMC bottlebrush block polymers are white solids and adopt small, randomly oriented lamellar grains. Heating the materials to 140 °C in the absence of applied pressure appears to "lock in" the isotropic, short-range-ordered state, preventing the formation of the long-range-ordered lamellar structure responsible for photonic properties. Applying modest anisotropic pressure (3 psi) between parallel plates at ambient temperature orients the short-range lamellar grains; however, applied pressure alone does not produce long-range order. Only when the bottlebrush block polymers were heated (>100 °C) under modest pressure (3 psi) were long-range-ordered photonic crystals formed. Analysis of the SAXS data motivated analogies to liquid crystals and revealed the potential self-assembly pathway. These results provide insight into the structure and self-assembly of bottlebrush block polymers with low glass transition temperature side chains in response to different processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice B. Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Crystal K. Chu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Radwanul H. Siddique
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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33
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Hu M, Li X, Rzayev J, Russell TP. Hydrolysis-Induced Self-Assembly of High-χ–Low-N Bottlebrush Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Hu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xindi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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34
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Ho K, Kim KS, de Beer S, Walker GC. Chemical Composition and Strain at Interfaces between Different Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12723-12731. [PMID: 34693716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transitional composition between two thin-film morphologies of the block copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PtBuA), was investigated using near-field infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy mechanical measurements. These techniques allowed block identification with nanoscale spatial resolution and elucidated the material's sub-surface composition. PS was found to form coronae around the PtBuA block in spherical valleys on flat areas of the film, and coronae of PtBuA surrounding the PS lamellae were observed at the edge of the polymer film, where parallel lamellae are formed. Furthermore, we found that the peak position and width varied by location, which may be a result of block composition, chain tension, or substrate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kris S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert C Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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35
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Gothe PK, Martinez A, Koh SJ. Effect of Ionic Strength, Nanoparticle Surface Charge Density, and Template Diameter on Self-Limiting Single-Particle Placement: A Numerical Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11961-11977. [PMID: 34610743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the bottom-up approach where functional materials are constructed out of nanoscale building blocks (e.g., nanoparticles), it is essential to have methods that are capable of placing the individual nanoscale building blocks onto exact substrate positions on a large scale and on a large area. One of the promising placement methods is the self-limiting single-particle placement (SPP), in which a single nanoparticle in a colloidal solution is electrostatically guided by electrostatic templates and exactly one single nanoparticle is placed on each target position in a self-limiting way. This paper presents a numerical study on SPP, where the effects of three key parameters, (1) ionic strength (IS), (2) nanoparticle surface charge density (σNP), and (3) circular template diameter (d), on SPP are investigated. For 40 different parameter sets of (IS, σNP, d), a 30 nm nanoparticle positioned at R⃗ above the substrate was modeled in two configurations (i) without and (ii) with the presence of a 30 nm nanoparticle at the center of a circular template. For each parameter set and each configuration, the electrostatic potentials were calculated by numerically solving the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, from which interaction forces and interaction free energies were subsequently calculated. These have identified realms of parameter sets that enable a successful SPP. A few exemplary parameter sets include (IS, σNP, d) = (0.5 mM, -1.5 μC/cm2, 100 nm), (0.05 mM, -0.5 μC/cm2, 100 nm), (0.5 mM, -1.5 μC/cm2, 150 nm), and (0.05 mM, -0.8 μC/cm2, 150 nm). This study provides clear guidance toward experimental realizations of large-scale and large-area SPPs, which could lead to bottom-up fabrications of novel electronic, photonic, plasmonic, and spintronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushkar K Gothe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Anthony Martinez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Seong Jin Koh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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36
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Xu H, Xiao H, Ellison CJ, Mahanthappa MK. Flexible Nanoporous Materials by Matrix Removal from Cylinder-Forming Diblock Copolymers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7587-7594. [PMID: 34460249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a straightforward self-assembly route to nanoporous materials derived from a hexagonally-packed cylinder (HEX) morphology of a polyisoprene-block-polylactide (PI-b-PLA) diblock copolymer, by thermal cross-linking of the minority PI domains followed by selective chemical etching of the PLA matrix. The resulting mechanically stable and porous samples defy the expectation that the remaining cylinders cannot yield a robust, integrated material upon matrix removal. Scanning electron microscopy imaging reveals that this unexpected structural integrity stems from the interconnected nanofibrils therein, reflecting topological defects at the grain boundaries of the parent polydomain HEX nanostructure. Hydrodynamic radius-dependent poly(ethylene oxide) (Mn = 0.4-35 kg/mol) permeation behavior through these monoliths directly demonstrated the continuity and size selectivity of the nanoporous material. The ready accessibility of block copolymer HEX morphologies of varied chemistries suggests that this matrix etching strategy will enable the future design of functional, size-selective nanofiltration membrane materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mahesh K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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37
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Ito T, Nathani A. Electrochemical sensing at nanoporous film‐coated electrodes. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Akash Nathani
- Department of Chemistry Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
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38
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Nguyen HM, Mader AV, De S, Vapaavuori J. Understanding nanodomain morphology formation in dip-coated PS- b-PEO thin films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4996-5007. [PMID: 36132348 PMCID: PMC9418883 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) thin films prepared by dip-coating are increasingly investigated, owing to the many promising application areas, the facility, and the industrial scalability of this technique. Yet, the effect of different dip-coating parameters on BCP nanostructure formation is still underdeveloped and the results of previous literature are limited to a few block copolymers. Here, we study the effect of the withdrawal rate and solvent selectivity on the morphology evolution of dip-coated polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) thin films by applying a wide range of dip-coating speeds and altering the volume ratio of the tetrahydrofuran-water solvent system. The dip-coated films were characterized using atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry. The nanodomain morphology, its feature sizes, its spanning, and the degree of ordering were investigated with regard to different dip-coating parameters. Notably, we have obtained a hexagonally packed BCP pattern with long-range order without the need for post-annealing processes. Overall, a solid understanding of the parameters affecting the formed surface patterns and their interplay was attained and explained, extending the knowledge of this field to more materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University Espoo 02150 Finland
| | - Ariane V Mader
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University Espoo 02150 Finland
| | - Swarnalok De
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University Espoo 02150 Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University Espoo 02150 Finland
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39
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One‐Shot Intrablock Cross‐Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus‐Shaped Single‐Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
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40
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One-Shot Intrablock Cross-Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus-Shaped Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18122-18128. [PMID: 34041829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Developing an efficient and versatile process to transform a single linear polymer chain into a shape-defined nanoobject is a major challenge in the fields of chemistry and nanotechnology to replicate sophisticated biological functions of proteins and nucleic acids in a synthetic polymer system. In this study, we performed one-shot intrablock cross-linking of linear block copolymers (BCPs) to realize single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with two chemically compartmentalized domains (Janus-shaped SCNPs). Detailed structural characterizations of the Janus-shaped SCNP composed of polystyrene-block-poly(glycolic acid) revealed its compactly folded conformation and compartmentalized block localization, similar to the self-folded tertiary structures of natural proteins. Versatility of the one-shot intrablock cross-linking was demonstrated using several different BCP precursors. In addition, the Janus-shaped SCNP produce miniscule microphase-separated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Brian J Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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41
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Shieh P, Hill MR, Zhang W, Kristufek SL, Johnson JA. Clip Chemistry: Diverse (Bio)(macro)molecular and Material Function through Breaking Covalent Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7059-7121. [PMID: 33823111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the two decades since the introduction of the "click chemistry" concept, the toolbox of "click reactions" has continually expanded, enabling chemists, materials scientists, and biologists to rapidly and selectively build complexity for their applications of interest. Similarly, selective and efficient covalent bond breaking reactions have provided and will continue to provide transformative advances. Here, we review key examples and applications of efficient, selective covalent bond cleavage reactions, which we refer to herein as "clip reactions." The strategic application of clip reactions offers opportunities to tailor the compositions and structures of complex (bio)(macro)molecular systems with exquisite control. Working in concert, click chemistry and clip chemistry offer scientists and engineers powerful methods to address next-generation challenges across the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan R Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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42
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Cao M, Deng H. Synthesis of Ordered Fluorinated BCPs with One Block Composed of Random Copolymer. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2021. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.34.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- School of Micro-Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University
| | - Hai Deng
- School of Micro-Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University
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43
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Zhou J, Li X, Deng H. Synthesis of Highly Ordered Si-Containing Fluorinated Block Copolymers. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2021. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.34.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianuo Zhou
- School of Micro-Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University
| | - Xuemiao Li
- School of Micro-Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University
| | - Hai Deng
- School of Micro-Electronics, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Fudan University
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44
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Ji MS, Guo QY, Yan XY, Liu Y, Wu YJ, Yue K, Guo ZH. Crystallization Induced Self-Assembly: A Strategy to Achieve Ultra-Small Domain Sizes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7992-7997. [PMID: 33830540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving self-assembled nanostructures with ultra-small feature sizes (e. g., below 5 nm) is an important prerequisite for the development of block copolymer lithography. In this work, the preparation and self-assembly of a series of giant molecules composed of vinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (VPOSS) tethered with monodispersed oligo(L-lactide) chains are presented. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results demonstrate that ultra-small domain sizes (down to 3 nm) of phase separated lamellar morphology are achieved in bulk, driven by the strong tendency and fast kinetics for crystallization of VPOSS moieties. Moreover, upon gamma ray radiation, VPOSS cages in the lamellar structure can be crosslinked via polymerization of the vinyl groups. After pyrolysis at high temperature, ultra-thin two-dimensional nano-silica sheets can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Ji
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Wu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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45
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Oh J, Shin M, Kim IS, Suh HS, Kim Y, Kim JK, Bang J, Yeom B, Son JG. Shear-Rolling Process for Unidirectionally and Perpendicularly Oriented Sub-10-nm Block Copolymer Patterns on the 4 in Scale. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8549-8558. [PMID: 33979144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shear alignment of the block copolymer (BCP) thin film is one of the promising directed self-assembly (DSA) methodologies for the unidirectional alignment of sub-10 nm microdomains of BCPs for next-generation nanolithography and nanowire-grid polarizers. However, because of the differences in the surface/interfacial energies at the top surface/bottom interface, the shear-induced ordering of BCP nanopatterns has been restricted to BCPs with spherical and cylindrical nanopatterns and cannot be realized for high-aspect-ratio perpendicular lamellar structures, which is essential for practical application to semiconductor pattern processes. It is still a difficult challenge to fabricate the unidirectional alignment in a short time over a large area. In this study, we propose an approach for combining the shear-rolling process with the filtered plasma treatment of BCP films for the fabrication of unidirectionally aligned and perpendicularly oriented lamellar nanostructures. This approach enables fabrication within 1 min on a 4 in scale. We treated filtered plasma on the BCP film for perpendicular orientation and executed the hot-rolling process with different roller and stage speeds. Large-scale shear was generated only at the location where the BCP film was in contact with both the roller and stage, effectively applying shear stress to a large area of the BCP film within a short time. The repeated application of this shear-rolling process can achieve a higher level of unidirectional alignment. Our aligned BCP vertical lamellae were used to fabricate a high-aspect-ratio sub-10-nm-wide metallic nanowire array via dry/wet processes. In addition, shear-rolling with chemoepitaxy patterns can achieve higher orientational order and lower defectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Oh
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Shin
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - YongJoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Kyeong Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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46
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Choi YK, Park SJ, Park S, Kim S, Kern NR, Lee J, Im W. CHARMM-GUI Polymer Builder for Modeling and Simulation of Synthetic Polymers. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2431-2443. [PMID: 33797913 PMCID: PMC8078172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling and simulations are invaluable tools for polymer science and engineering, which predict physicochemical properties of polymers and provide molecular-level insight into the underlying mechanisms. However, building realistic polymer systems is challenging and requires considerable experience because of great variations in structures as well as length and time scales. This work describes Polymer Builder in CHARMM-GUI (http://www.charmm-gui.org/input/polymer), a web-based infrastructure that provides a generalized and automated process to build a relaxed polymer system. Polymer Builder not only provides versatile modeling methods to build complex polymer structures, but also generates realistic polymer melt and solution systems through the built-in coarse-grained model and all-atom replacement. The coarse-grained model parametrization is generalized and extensively validated with various experimental data and all-atom simulations. In addition, the capability of Polymer Builder for generating relaxed polymer systems is demonstrated by density calculations of 34 homopolymer melt systems, characteristic ratio calculations of 170 homopolymer melt systems, a morphology diagram of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) block copolymers, and self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide-b-ethylethane) block copolymers in water. We hope that Polymer Builder is useful to carry out innovative and novel polymer modeling and simulation research to acquire insight into structures, dynamics, and underlying mechanisms of complex polymer-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeol Kyo Choi
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Soohyung Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathan R. Kern
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Jumin Lee
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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47
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Kim KH, Kim M, Moon J, Huh J, Bang J. Bottlebrush Copolymer as Surface Neutralizer for Vertical Alignment of Block Copolymer Nanodomains in Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:346-353. [PMID: 35549064 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein we designed bottlebrush copolymers for use as a neutral additive to block copolymer (BCP) thin films in which they are segregated to the interfaces via architectural effects and produce nonpreferential interfaces to induce perpendicular orientation of BCP microdomains. Two BCP systems were employed, a conventional poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) with relatively low χ and similar surface energies between blocks, and a high χ poly(styrene-b-methacrylic acid) (PS-b-PMAA) with distinct surface energies. The bottlebrushes, with either short side-chains of PS-r-PMMA or PS-r-PMAA random copolymers, were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Remarkably, it was observed that the top and bottom interfaces of both BCP films were enriched with bottlebrush copolymers, regardless of the surface energy difference between blocks, hence, vertically oriented microdomains were achieved for both BCP systems. This can be attributed to the screening of polymer interactions by a good solvent during the spin-casting process, allowing architectural effects to play a role in surface segregation of bottlebrush copolymers, as confirmed by contact angle measurements and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). We believe that this concept can be further extended to various applications that require polymer films with functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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48
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Ma M, Guo Y. Physical aging of polystyrene blocks under three‐dimensional soft confinement in
PS‐
b
‐
poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer: Two equilibrations on the way. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Ma
- University of Michigan – Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- University of Michigan – Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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49
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Singh M, Wu W, Basutkar MN, Strzalka J, Al-Enizi AM, Douglas JF, Karim A. Ultra-Fast Vertical Ordering of Lamellar Block Copolymer Films on Unmodified Substrates. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Monali N. Basutkar
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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50
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Khan M, Guimarães TR, Choong K, Moad G, Perrier S, Zetterlund PB. RAFT Emulsion Polymerization for (Multi)block Copolymer Synthesis: Overcoming the Constraints of Monomer Order. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thiago R. Guimarães
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kenneth Choong
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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