1
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Brinza M, Schröder S, Ababii N, Gronenberg M, Strunskus T, Pauporte T, Adelung R, Faupel F, Lupan O. Two-in-One Sensor Based on PV4D4-Coated TiO 2 Films for Food Spoilage Detection and as a Breath Marker for Several Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050538. [PMID: 37232899 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Certain molecules act as biomarkers in exhaled breath or outgassing vapors of biological systems. Specifically, ammonia (NH3) can serve as a tracer for food spoilage as well as a breath marker for several diseases. H2 gas in the exhaled breath can be associated with gastric disorders. This initiates an increasing demand for small and reliable devices with high sensitivity capable of detecting such molecules. Metal-oxide gas sensors present an excellent tradeoff, e.g., compared to expensive and large gas chromatographs for this purpose. However, selective identification of NH3 at the parts-per-million (ppm) level as well as detection of multiple gases in gas mixtures with one sensor remain a challenge. In this work, a new two-in-one sensor for NH3 and H2 detection is presented, which provides stable, precise, and very selective properties for the tracking of these vapors at low concentrations. The fabricated 15 nm TiO2 gas sensors, which were annealed at 610 °C, formed two crystal phases, namely anatase and rutile, and afterwards were covered with a thin 25 nm PV4D4 polymer nanolayer via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) and showed precise NH3 response at room temperature and exclusive H2 detection at elevated operating temperatures. This enables new possibilities in application fields such as biomedical diagnosis, biosensors, and the development of non-invasive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Brinza
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare Av., MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Stefan Schröder
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Ababii
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare Av., MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Monja Gronenberg
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thierry Pauporte
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris-IRCP, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Université, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleg Lupan
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare Av., MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Materials Science, Chair for Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris-IRCP, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Université, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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2
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Farka D, Kříž K, Fanfrlík J. Strategies for the Design of PEDOT Analogues Unraveled: the Use of Chalcogen Bonds and σ-Holes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3779-3787. [PMID: 37075228 PMCID: PMC10165655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
In this theoretical study, we set out to demonstrate the substitution effect of PEDOT analogues on planarity as an intrinsic indicator for electronic performance. We perform a quantum mechanical (DFT) study of PEDOT and analogous model systems and demonstrate the usefulness of the ωB97X-V functional to simulate chalcogen bonds and other noncovalent interactions. We confirm that the chalcogen bond stabilizes the planar conformation and further visualize its presence via the electrostatic potential surface. In comparison to the prevalent B3LYP, we gain 4-fold savings in computational time and simulate model systems of up to a dodecamer. Implications for design of conductive polymers can be drawn from the results, and an example for self-doped polymers is presented where modulation of the strength of the chalcogen bond plays a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Farka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristian Kříž
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Cheng Y, Ma X, Franklin T, Yang R, Moraru CI. Mechano-Bactericidal Surfaces: Mechanisms, Nanofabrication, and Prospects for Food Applications. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:449-472. [PMID: 36972158 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-022330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Mechano-bactericidal (MB) nanopatterns have the ability to inactivate bacterial cells by rupturing cellular envelopes. Such biocide-free, physicomechanical mechanisms may confer lasting biofilm mitigation capability to various materials encountered in food processing, packaging, and food preparation environments. In this review, we first discuss recent progress on elucidating MB mechanisms, unraveling property-activity relationships, and developing cost-effective and scalable nanofabrication technologies. Next, we evaluate the potential challenges that MB surfaces may face in food-related applications and provide our perspective on the critical research needs and opportunities to facilitate their adoption in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cheng
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Trevor Franklin
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Rong Yang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Carmen I Moraru
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
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4
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Tuning the Selectivity of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors with Vapor Phase Deposited Ultrathin Polymer Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030524. [PMID: 36771827 PMCID: PMC9919086 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal oxide gas sensors are of great interest for applications ranging from lambda sensors to early hazard detection in explosive media and leakage detection due to their superior properties with regard to sensitivity and lifetime, as well as their low cost and portability. However, the influence of ambient gases on the gas response, energy consumption and selectivity still needs to be improved and they are thus the subject of intensive research. In this work, a simple approach is presented to modify and increase the selectivity of gas sensing structures with an ultrathin polymer thin film. The different gas sensing surfaces, CuO, Al2O3/CuO and TiO2 are coated with a conformal < 30 nm Poly(1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane) (PV4D4) thin film via solvent-free initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The obtained structures demonstrate a change in selectivity from ethanol vapor to 2-propanol vapor and an increase in selectivity compared to other vapors of volatile organic compounds. In the case of TiO2 structures coated with a PV4D4 thin film, the increase in selectivity to 2-propanol vapors is observed even at relatively low operating temperatures, starting from >200 °C. The present study demonstrates possibilities for improving the properties of metal oxide gas sensors, which is very important in applications in fields such as medicine, security and food safety.
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5
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Materna P, Illek D, Unger K, Thonhofer M, Wrodnigg TM, Coclite AM. Chemical vapor deposition of carbohydrate-based polymers: a proof of concept study. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-03015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate if vinyl-modified carbohydrate compounds are suitable monomers for thin film polymerization via chemical vapor deposition in a proof-of-concept study. Synthetic carbohydrate-based polymers are explored as biodegradable, biocompatible, and biorenewable materials. A thin film of synthetic polymers bearing sugar residues can also offer a good surface for cell attachment, and thus might be applied in biomaterials and tissue engineering. The possibility of having such thin film deposited from the vapor phase would ease the implementation in complex device architectures. For a proof-of-concept study, sugar vinyl compound monomers are synthesized starting from methyl α-d-glucopyranoside and polymerized by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) leading to a thin polymer layer on a Si-substrate. Thus, a successful vapor polymerization of the sugar compounds could be demonstrated. Infrared spectroscopy shows that no unwanted crosslinking reactions take place during the vapor deposition. The solubility of the polymers in water was observed in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Graphical abstract
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Engineering, Awka, Nigeria
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7
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Huo N, Ye S, Ouderkirk AJ, Tenhaeff WE. Porous Polymer Films with Tunable Pore Size and Morphology by Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:7300-7310. [PMID: 36277175 PMCID: PMC9578110 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of porous polymer thin films with precise thickness and morphological control through conventional solvent-based techniques is challenging. Herein, we present a fabrication method for porous polymer thin films based on chemical vapor deposition that provides control over pore size, pore morphology, and film thickness. The porous films are prepared by co-depositing crystallizable porogen molecules with cross-linked poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (pGMA) thin films, which are synthesized by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). As the porogen is deposited, it crystallizes and phase-separates from the polymer film; simultaneous polymerization of pGMA limits crystal growth, controlling the size of crystals. Using naphthalene as porogen resulted in thin films with pore sizes from 5.9 to 24.2 μm and porosities ranging from 59.4 to 78.4%. Using octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane as porogen, which is miscible with the GMA monomer, drastically reduced the pore dimensions, ranging from 14.4 to 65.3 nm with porosities from 8.0 to 33.2%. The film morphology was highly dependent on the relative kinetics of porogen crystallization, phase separation, and heterogeneous polymerization. The kinetics of these competing processes are discussed qualitatively based on nucleation theory and Cahn-Hilliard theory. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the retention of the reactive epoxide functionality of glycidyl methacrylate, which can enable further chemical derivatization as required for application in optoelectronics, sensing, separations, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Huo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York14627, United States
| | - Sheng Ye
- Facebook
Reality Labs, 9845 Willows
Rd, Redmond, Washington98052, United States
| | - Andrew J. Ouderkirk
- Facebook
Reality Labs, 9845 Willows
Rd, Redmond, Washington98052, United States
| | - Wyatt E. Tenhaeff
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York14627, United States
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8
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Wei X, Bradley LC. Accessing Thin Film Wetting Regimes during Polymer Growth by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11550-11556. [PMID: 36108132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the growth of a fluorinated polymer via initiated chemical vapor deposition onto a suite of isotropic and mesogenic liquids with a range of refractive indices. The polymer morphology at fluid interfaces was found to deviate from conformal films predicted by the positive spreading coefficient, and the resulting morphology is attributed to long-range van der Waals interactions during the deposition process. Experiments systematically vary the deposition conditions and compare the liquid phase (isotropic or nematic) to evaluate the effect of kinetic factors and the liquid substrate phase on the interfacial polymer morphology and spatial organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
| | - Laura C Bradley
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
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9
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Unger K, Coclite AM. Glucose-Responsive Boronic Acid Hydrogel Thin Films Obtained via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4289-4295. [PMID: 36053563 PMCID: PMC9554909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glucose-responsive materials are of great importance
in the field
of monitoring the physiological glucose level or smart insulin management.
This study presents the first vacuum-based deposition of a glucose-responsive
hydrogel thin film. The successful vacuum-based synthesis of a glucose-responsive
hydrogel may open the door to a vast variety of new applications,
where, for example, the hydrogel thin film is applied on new possible
substrates. In addition, vacuum-deposited films are free of leachables
(e.g., plasticizers and residual solvents). Therefore, they are, in
principle, safe for in-body applications. A hydrogel made of but-3-enylboronic
acid units, a boronic acid compound, was synthesized via initiated
chemical vapor deposition. The thin film was characterized in terms
of chemical composition, surface morphology, and swelling response
toward pH and sucrose, a glucose–fructose compound. The film
was stable in aqueous solutions, consisting of polymerized boronic
acid and the initiator unit, and had an undulating texture appearance
(rms 2.1 nm). The hydrogel was in its shrunken state at pH 4–7
and swelled by increasing the pH to 9. The pKa was 8.2 ± 0.2. The response to glucose was observed
at pH 10 and resulted in thickness shrinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Unger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Hassan Z, Varadharajan D, Zippel C, Begum S, Lahann J, Bräse S. Design Strategies for Structurally Controlled Polymer Surfaces via Cyclophane-Based CVD Polymerization and Post-CVD Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201761. [PMID: 35555829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular structuring of soft matter with precise arrangements over multiple hierarchical levels, especially on polymer surfaces, and enabling their post-synthetic modulation has tremendous potential for application in molecular engineering and interfacial science. Here, recent research and developments in design strategies for structurally controlled polymer surfaces via cyclophane-based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization with precise control over chemical functionalities and post-CVD fabrication via orthogonal surface functionalization that facilitates the formation of designable biointerfaces are summarized. Particular discussion about innovative approaches for the templated synthesis of shape-controlled CVD polymers, ranging from 1D to 3D architecture, including inside confined nanochannels, nanofibers/nanowires synthesis into an anisotropic media such as liquid crystals, and CVD polymer nanohelices via hierarchical chirality transfer across multiple length scales is provided. Aiming at multifunctional polymer surfaces via CVD copolymerization of multiple precursors, the structural and functional design of the fundamental [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) precursor molecules, that is, functional CVD monomer chemistry is also described. Technologically advanced and innovative surface deposition techniques toward topological micro- and nanostructuring, including microcontact printing, photopatterning, photomask, and lithographic techniques such as dip-pen nanolithography, showcasing research from the authors' laboratories as well as other's relevant important findings in this evolving field are highlighted that have introduced new programmable CVD polymerization capabilities. Perspectives, current limitations, and future considerations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Divya Varadharajan
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christoph Zippel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Salma Begum
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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11
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Petek ES, Katsumata R. Thickness Dependence of Contact Angles in Multilayered Ultrathin Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evon S. Petek
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Reika Katsumata
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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12
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Oaki Y, Sato K. Nanoarchitectonics for conductive polymers using solid and vapor phases. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2773-2781. [PMID: 36132001 PMCID: PMC9418446 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers have been extensively studied as functional organic materials due to their broad range of applications. Conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole, polythiophene, and their derivatives, are typically obtained as coatings and precipitates in the solution phase. Nanoarchitectonics for conductive polymers requires new methods including syntheses and morphology control. For example, nanoarchitectonics is achieved by liquid-phase syntheses with the assistance of templates, such as macromolecules and porous materials. This minireview summarizes the other new synthetic methods using the solid and vapor phases for nanoarchitectonics. In general, the monomers and related species are supplied from the solution phase. Our group has studied polymerization of heteroaromatic monomers using the solid and vapor phases. The surface and inside of solid crystals were used for the polymerization with the diffusion of the heteroaromatic monomer vapor. Our nanoarchitectonics affords to form homogeneous coatings, hierarchical structures, composites, and copolymers for energy-related applications. The concepts using solid and vapor phases can be applied to nanoarchitectonics for not only conductive polymers but also other polymers toward a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kosuke Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase Kanagawa 252-1193 Japan
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13
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Kavčič A, Garvas M, Marinčič M, Unger K, Coclite AM, Majaron B, Humar M. Deep tissue localization and sensing using optical microcavity probes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1269. [PMID: 35277496 PMCID: PMC8917156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOptical microcavities and microlasers were recently introduced as probes inside living cells and tissues. Their main advantages are spectrally narrow emission lines and high sensitivity to the environment. Despite numerous novel methods for optical imaging in strongly scattering biological tissues, imaging at single-cell resolution beyond the ballistic light transport regime remains very challenging. Here, we show that optical microcavity probes embedded inside cells enable three-dimensional localization and tracking of individual cells over extended time periods, as well as sensing of their environment, at depths well beyond the light transport length. This is achieved by utilizing unique spectral features of the whispering-gallery modes, which are unaffected by tissue scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence. In addition, microcavities can be functionalized for simultaneous sensing of various parameters, such as temperature or pH value, which extends their versatility beyond the capabilities of standard fluorescent labels.
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14
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Jung H, Kwon J, Jung H, Cho KM, Yu SJ, Lee SM, Jeon M, Im SG. Short-chain fluorocarbon-based polymeric coating with excellent nonwetting ability against chemical warfare agents. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7773-7779. [PMID: 35424766 PMCID: PMC8982228 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing concerns and regulations on long-chain fluorinated compounds (C8 or higher) for nonwetting coatings have driven the market to search for sustainable alternative chemistries. In this study, a copolymeric coating containing short-chain fluorinated groups was synthesized to achieve excellent nonwetting ability against hazardous chemical warfare agents (CWAs). A copolymer of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate (PFOMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, crosslinker) was directly coated onto a textile fabric via initiated chemical vapor deposition. The p(PFOMA-co-EGDMA) coating shows a rough-textured morphology with a bumpy, raspberry-like structure leading to high contact angles (θ water > 150° and θ dodecane = 113.8°) and a small water shedding angle (<5°). Moreover, the p(PFOMA-co-EGDMA) coating was further analysed for application in military fabrics: air permeability, tensile strength, and safety against toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Outstanding nonwetting was noticeably achieved against different CWAs, including bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide (HD), pinacolyl methylfluorophosphonate (GD), and O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl)methylphosphonothioate (VX) (θ HD = 119.1°, θ GD = 117.0°, and θ VX = 104.1°). The coating retained its nano-structuration and nonwetting ability for water and n-dodecane despite being subjected to 250 cycles of Martindale abrasion and harsh chemicals (NaOH and HCl). The robustness and scalable straightforward preparation route of the coating make it an ideal approach for designing durable next-generation CWA nonwetting coatings for fabrics with favorable health and environmental properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Jung
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34063 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kwon
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34063 Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Jung
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34063 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Cho
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34063 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jung Yu
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34063 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myeon Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34063 Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jeon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34131 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34131 Republic of Korea
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15
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Bellomo N, Michel M, Pistillo BR, White RJ, Barborini E, Lenoble D. Chemical Vapor Deposition for Advanced Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membranes. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bellomo
- Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology L-4422 Belvaux Luxembourg
- University of Luxembourg 2 Avenue de l'Université Esch-sur-Alzette L-4365 Luxembourg
| | - Marc Michel
- Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology L-4422 Belvaux Luxembourg
| | - Bianca Rita Pistillo
- Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology L-4422 Belvaux Luxembourg
| | - Robin J. White
- Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology L-4422 Belvaux Luxembourg
| | - Emanuele Barborini
- Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology L-4422 Belvaux Luxembourg
| | - Damien Lenoble
- Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology L-4422 Belvaux Luxembourg
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16
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Abstract
ConspectusPorous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), formed from organic linkers and metal nodes, have attracted intense research attention. Because of their high specific surface areas, uniform and adjustable pore sizes, and versatile physicochemical properties, MOFs have shown disruptive potential in adsorption, catalysis, separation, etc. For many of these applications, MOFs are synthesized solvothermally as bulk powders and subsequently shaped as pellets or extrudates. Other applications, such as membrane separations and (opto)electronics, require the implementation of MOFs as (patterned) thin films. Most thin-film formation methods are adapted from liquid-phase synthesis protocols. Precursor transport and nucleation are difficult to control in these cases, often leading to particle formation in solution. Moreover, the use of solvents gives rise to environmental and safety challenges, incompatibility issues with some substrates, and corrosion issues in the case of dissolved metal salts. In contrast, vapor-phase processing methods have the merits of environmental friendliness, control over thickness and conformality, scalability in production, and high compatibility with other workflows.In this Account, we outline some of our efforts and related studies in the development and application of vapor-phase processing of crystalline MOF materials (MOF-VPP). We first highlight the advances and mechanisms in the vapor-phase deposition of MOFs (MOF-VPD), mainly focusing on the reactions between a linker vapor and a metal-containing precursor layer. The characteristics of the obtained MOFs (thickness, porosity, crystallographic phase, orientation, etc.) and the correlation of these properties with the deposition parameters (precursors, temperatures, humidity, post-treatments, etc.) are discussed. Some in situ characterization methods that contributed to a fundamental understanding of the involved mechanisms are included in the discussion. Second, four vapor-phase postsynthetic functionalization (PSF) methods are summarized: linker exchange, guest loading, linker grafting, and metalation. These approaches eliminate potential solubility issues and enable fast diffusion of reactants and guests as well as a high loading or degree of exchange. Vapor-phase PSF provides a platform to modify the MOF porosity or even introduce new functionalities (e.g., luminescence photoswitching and catalytic activity). Third, since vapor-phase processing methods enable the integration of MOF film deposition into a (micro)fabrication workflow, they facilitate a range of applications with improved performance (low-k dielectrics, sensors, membrane separations, etc.). Finally, we provide a discussion on the limitations, challenges, and further opportunities for MOF-VPP. Through the discussion and analysis of the vapor-phase processing strategies as well as the underlying mechanisms in this Account, we hope to contribute to the development of the controllable synthesis, functionalization, and application of MOFs and related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Min Tu
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wanbin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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17
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Farka D, Greunz T, Yumusak C, Cobet C, Mardare CC, Stifter D, Hassel AW, Scharber MC, Sariciftci NS. Overcoming intra-molecular repulsions in PEDTT by sulphate counter-ion. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:985-997. [PMID: 34992500 PMCID: PMC8725768 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1961311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We set out to demonstrate the development of a highly conductive polymer based on poly-(3,4-ethylenedithia thiophene) (PEDTT), PEDOTs structural analogue historically notorious for structural disorder and limited conductivities. The caveat therein was previously described to lie in intra-molecular repulsions. We demonstrate how a tremendous >2600-fold improvement in conductivity and metallic features, such as magnetoconductivity can be achieved. This is achieved through a careful choice of the counter-ion (sulphate) and the use of oxidative chemical vapour deposition (oCVD). It is shown that high structural order on the molecular level was established and the formation of crystallites tens of nanometres in size was achieved. We infer that the sulphate ions therein intercalate between the polymer chains, thus forming densely packed crystals of planar molecules with extended π-systems. Consequently, room-temperature conductivities of above 1000 S cm-1 are achieved, challenging those of conventional PEDOT:PSS. The material is in the critical regime of the metal-insulator transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Farka
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University-Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Theresia Greunz
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics (ZONA), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Cigdem Yumusak
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Cobet
- Linz School of Education, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Cezarina Cela Mardare
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Center of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - David Stifter
- Center for Surface and Nanoanalytics (ZONA), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Achim Walter Hassel
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Combinatorial Oxide Chemistry (COMBOX), The Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Markus C. Scharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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18
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Franklin T, Wu Y, Lang J, Li S, Yang R. Design of Polymeric Thin Films to Direct Microbial Biofilm Growth, Virulence, and Metabolism. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4933-4944. [PMID: 34694768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, yet strategies to direct biofilm behavior without genetic manipulation are limited. Due to the small selection of materials that have been used to successfully grow biofilms, the availability of functional materials that are able to support growth and program microbial functions remains a critical bottleneck in the design and deployment of functional yet safe microbes. Here, we report the design of insoluble pyridine-rich polymer surfaces synthesized using initiated chemical vapor deposition, which led to modulated biofilm growth and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). A variety of extracellular virulence factors exhibited decreased production in response to the functional polymer, most significantly biomolecules also associated with iron acquisition, validating the material design strategy reported here. This report signifies a rich potential for materials-based strategies to direct the behavior of naturally occurring biofilms, which complement the existing genetic engineering toolkits in advancing microbiology, translational medicine, and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Franklin
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yinan Wu
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiayan Lang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sijin Li
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120, Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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19
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Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ionic Liquids for the Fabrication of Ionogel Films and Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Liao X, Goh K, Liao Y, Wang R, Razaqpur AG. Bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes for membrane distillation: Mechanisms, fabrications and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102547. [PMID: 34687984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the aggravation of the global water crisis, membrane distillation (MD) for seawater desalination and hypersaline wastewater treatment is highlighted due to its low operating temperature, low hydrostatic pressure, and theoretically 100% rejection. However, some issues still impede the large-scale applications of MD technology, such as membrane fouling, scaling and unsatisfactory wetting resistance. Bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes have progressed rapidly in the past decades and been considered as one of the most promising approaches to overcome the above problems. This review for the first time systematically summarizes and analyzes the mechanisms of different super liquid-repellent surfaces, their preparation and modification methods, and anti-wetting/fouling/scaling performances in the MD process. Firstly, the topology theories of in-air superhydrophobic, in-air omniphobic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces are illustrated using different models. Secondly, the fabrication methods of various super liquid-repellent membranes are classified. The merits and demerits of each method are illustrated. Thirdly, the anti-wetting/fouling/scaling mechanisms of super liquid-repellent membranes are summarized. Finally, the conclusions and perspectives of the bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes are elaborated. It is anticipated that the systematic review herein can provide readers with foundational knowledge and current progress of super liquid-repellent membranes, and inspire researchers to overcome the challenges up ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Kunli Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Res. Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yuan Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Res. Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Abdul Ghani Razaqpur
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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21
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Liyanage S, Acharya S, Parajuli P, Shamshina JL, Abidi N. Production and Surface Modification of Cellulose Bioproducts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3433. [PMID: 34641248 PMCID: PMC8512298 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-based synthetic plastics play an important role in our life. As the detrimental health and environmental effects of synthetic plastics continue to increase, the renewable, degradable and recyclable properties of cellulose make subsequent products the "preferred environmentally friendly" alternatives, with a small carbon footprint. Despite the fact that the bioplastic industry is growing rapidly with many innovative discoveries, cellulose-based bioproducts in their natural state face challenges in replacing synthetic plastics. These challenges include scalability issues, high cost of production, and most importantly, limited functionality of cellulosic materials. However, in order for cellulosic materials to be able to compete with synthetic plastics, they must possess properties adequate for the end use and meet performance expectations. In this regard, surface modification of pre-made cellulosic materials preserves the chemical profile of cellulose, its mechanical properties, and biodegradability, while diversifying its possible applications. The review covers numerous techniques for surface functionalization of materials prepared from cellulose such as plasma treatment, surface grafting (including RDRP methods), and chemical vapor and atomic layer deposition techniques. The review also highlights purposeful development of new cellulosic architectures and their utilization, with a specific focus on cellulosic hydrogels, aerogels, beads, membranes, and nanomaterials. The judicious choice of material architecture combined with a specific surface functionalization method will allow us to take full advantage of the polymer's biocompatibility and biodegradability and improve existing and target novel applications of cellulose, such as proteins and antibodies immobilization, enantiomers separation, and composites preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noureddine Abidi
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-5019, USA; (S.L.); (S.A.); (P.P.); (J.L.S.)
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22
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Obst M, Arnauts G, Cruz AJ, Calderon Gonzalez M, Marcoen K, Hauffman T, Ameloot R. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ionic Liquids for the Fabrication of Ionogel Films and Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25668-25673. [PMID: 34478224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Film deposition and high-resolution patterning of ionic liquids (ILs) remain a challenge, despite a broad range of applications that would benefit from this type of processing. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ILs. The IL-CVD method is based on the formation of a non-volatile IL through the reaction of two vaporized precursors. Ionogel micropatterns can be easily obtained via the combination of IL-CVD and standard photolithography, and the resulting microdrop arrays can be used as microreactors. The IL-CVD approach will facilitate leveraging the properties of ILs in a range of applications and microfabricated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Obst
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giel Arnauts
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander John Cruz
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maider Calderon Gonzalez
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Marcoen
- Research Group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Hauffman
- Research Group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Schröder S, Hinz AM, Strunskus T, Faupel F. Molecular Insight into Real-Time Reaction Kinetics of Free Radical Polymerization from the Vapor Phase by In-Situ Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1661-1667. [PMID: 33577326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of organic chemistry and chemical vapor deposition enables a unique way to deposit conformal, high quality polymer thin films from the vapor phase. Particularly initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) has recently shown its great potential in many different application fields. With the ever-increasing demands on the process, the need for additional process refinement is also growing. In this study the enhancement of the iCVD process by in-situ mass spectrometry is presented. The approach enables insight into real-time reaction kinetics during the deposition process as well as identification of reaction pathways. Furthermore, the composition of the gas phase can be precisely controlled and spontaneously adjusted if necessary. Particularly the deposition of thin films with thicknesses in the low nanometer range and the deposition of copolymers can benefit from this approach. The presented approach enables enhanced process control as well as the ability to perform extensive kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schröder
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander M Hinz
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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24
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Sheng W, Chen Y, Mao H, Li Y, Xiao X, Wang C, Ye Y, Liu W. Rational design of
vapor‐deposited self‐crosslinking
polymer for transparent flexible oxygen barrier coatings. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Sheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Ying Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Haizhuo Mao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yanshuo Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Xinle Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chunting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Yumin Ye
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
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25
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26
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Rhee D, Deng S, Odom TW. Soft skin layers for reconfigurable and programmable nanowrinkles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23920-23928. [PMID: 33242039 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkling skin layers on pre-strained polymer sheets has drawn significant interest as a method to create reconfigurable surface patterns. Compared to widely studied metal or silica films, softer polymer skins are more tolerant to crack formation when the surface topography is tuned under applied strain. This Mini-review discusses recent progress in mechano-responsive wrinkles based on polymer skin materials. Control over the skin thickness with nanometer accuracy allows for tuning of the wrinkle wavelength and orientation over length scales from nanometer to micrometer regimes. Furthermore, soft skin layers enable texturing of two-dimensional electronic materials with programmable feature sizes and structural hierarchy because of the conformal adhesion to the substrates. Soft skin systems open prospects to tailor a range of surface properties via external stimuli important for applications such as smart windows, microfluidics, and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoon Rhee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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27
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Krieg L, Meierhofer F, Gorny S, Leis S, Splith D, Zhang Z, von Wenckstern H, Grundmann M, Wang X, Hartmann J, Margenfeld C, Manglano Clavero I, Avramescu A, Schimpke T, Scholz D, Lugauer HJ, Strassburg M, Jungclaus J, Bornemann S, Spende H, Waag A, Gleason KK, Voss T. Toward three-dimensional hybrid inorganic/organic optoelectronics based on GaN/oCVD-PEDOT structures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5092. [PMID: 33037193 PMCID: PMC7547673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of inorganic semiconductors with organic thin films promises new strategies for the realization of complex hybrid optoelectronic devices. Oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) of conductive polymers offers a flexible and scalable path towards high-quality three-dimensional inorganic/organic optoelectronic structures. Here, hole-conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) grown by oxidative chemical vapor deposition is used to fabricate transparent and conformal wrap-around p-type contacts on three-dimensional microLEDs with large aspect ratios, a yet unsolved challenge in three-dimensional gallium nitride technology. The electrical characteristics of two-dimensional reference structures confirm the quasi-metallic state of the polymer, show high rectification ratios, and exhibit excellent thermal and temporal stability. We analyze the electroluminescence from a three-dimensional hybrid microrod/polymer LED array and demonstrate its improved optical properties compared with a purely inorganic microrod LED. The findings highlight a way towards the fabrication of hybrid three-dimensional optoelectronics on the sub-micron scale. Though integrating functional organic materials with semiconductor nanostructures is attractive for 3D chip processing, realizing these hybrids remains a challenge. Here, the authors report an oxidative chemical vapor deposition-based process for designing novel 3D hybrid optoelectronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Krieg
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Meierhofer
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sascha Gorny
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Leis
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Splith
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger von Wenckstern
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marius Grundmann
- Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jana Hartmann
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Epitaxy Competence Center ec2, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Margenfeld
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Epitaxy Competence Center ec2, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Manglano Clavero
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Epitaxy Competence Center ec2, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Adrian Avramescu
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Leibnizstr. 4, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Schimpke
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Leibnizstr. 4, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Scholz
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Leibnizstr. 4, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Strassburg
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Leibnizstr. 4, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörgen Jungclaus
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Bornemann
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Epitaxy Competence Center ec2, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Spende
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Epitaxy Competence Center ec2, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Waag
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Epitaxy Competence Center ec2, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tobias Voss
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6a/b, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Khlyustova A, Cheng Y, Yang R. Vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films in biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6588-6609. [PMID: 32756662 PMCID: PMC7429282 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymer coatings have become ubiquitous in biological applications, ranging from biomaterials and drug delivery to manufacturing-scale separation of biomolecules using functional membranes. Recent advances in the technology of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have enabled precise control of the polymer chemistry, coating thickness, and conformality. That comprehensive control of surface properties has been used to elicit desirable interactions at the interface between synthetic materials and living organisms, making vapor-deposited functional polymers uniquely suitable for biological applications. This review captures the recent technological development in vapor-deposited functional polymer coatings, highlighting their biological applications, including membrane-based bio-separations, biosensing and bio-MEMS, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. The conformal nature of vapor-deposited coatings ensures uniform coverage over micro- and nano-structured surfaces, allowing the independent optimization of surface and bulk properties. The substrate-independence of CVD techniques enables facile transfer of surface characteristics among different applications. The vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films tend to be biocompatible because they are free of remnant toxic solvents and precursor molecules, potentially lowering the barrier to clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Khlyustova
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
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Van-Straaten M, Ben Hadj Mabrouk A, Veillerot M, Licitra C, D'Agosto F, Jousseaume V. Filling of Nanometric Pores with Polymer by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000200. [PMID: 32519398 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The integration of porous thin films using microelectronic compatible processes sometimes requires the protection of the interior of the pores during the critical integration steps. In this paper, the polymerization of neo-pentyl methacrylate (npMA) is performed via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) on a porous organosilicate (SiOCH) and on a dense SiOCH. The characterizations by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of the different stacks show that iCVD is a powerful technique to polymerize npMA in the nanometric pores and thus totally fill them with a polymer. The study of the pore filling for very short iCVD durations shows that the polymerization in the pores is complete in less than ten seconds and is uniform in depth. Then, the poly(npMA) film growth continues on top of the filled SiOCH layer. These characteristics make iCVD a straightforward and very promising alternative to other infiltration techniques in order to fill the porosity of microporous thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Van-Straaten
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, F-38000, France.,Université de Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, C2P2 (Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers, and Processes), Team LCPP Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69616, France
| | | | - Marc Veillerot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | | | - Franck D'Agosto
- Université de Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, C2P2 (Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers, and Processes), Team LCPP Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69616, France
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31
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Su C, Hu Y, Song Q, Ye Y, Gao L, Li P, Ye T. Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graded Polymer Coatings Enabling Antibacterial, Antifouling, and Biocompatible Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18978-18986. [PMID: 32212671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report initiated chemical vapor deposition of model-graded polymer coatings enabling antibacterial, antifouling, and biocompatible surfaces. The graded coating was constructed by a bottom layer consisting of bactericidal poly(dimethyl amino methyl styrene) and a surface layer consisting of both dimethyl amino methyl styrene (DMAMS) and hydrophilic vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) moieties. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed existence of both DMAMS and VP in the coating with DMAMS as the major component, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and water contact angle measurement revealed a VP-enriched coating surface. The resultant coating exhibited more than 99.9% killing rate against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis despite the incorporation of VP on the surface. We believe that such bactericidal capability resulted because of its high surface zeta potential, which could be originated from the DMAMS units distributed both on the top surface and underneath. The graded coating achieved more than 85% bacterial fouling resistance than the pristine substrate, as well as improved biocompatibility, owing to the abundant surface lactam groups from the VP moiety. Furthermore, the graded coating maintained good bactericidal capability after multicycle challenges of bacterial solutions and was durable against continuous rigorous washing, suggesting potential applications in biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yiqi Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Song
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yumin Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Peng Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ting Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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32
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Li X, Liu J, Yang T, Qiu H, Lu L, Tu Q, Xiong K, Huang N, Yang Z. Mussel-inspired "built-up" surface chemistry for combining nitric oxide catalytic and vascular cell selective properties. Biomaterials 2020; 241:119904. [PMID: 32109705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specific selectivity of vascular cells and antithrombogenicity are crucial factors for the long-term success of vascular implants. In this work, a novel concept of mussel-inspired "built-up" surface chemistry realized by sequential stacking of a copper-dopamine network basement, followed by a polydopamine layer is introduced to facilitate the combination of nitric oxide (NO) catalysis and vascular cell selectivity. The resultant "built-up" film allowed easy manipulation of the content of copper ions and the density of catechol/quinone groups, facilitating the multifunctional surface engineering of vascular devices. For example, the chelated copper ions in the copper-dopamine network endow a functionalized vascular stent with a durable release of NO via catalytic decomposition of endogenous S-nitrosothiol. Meanwhile, the catechol/quinone groups on the film surface allow the facile, secondary grafting of the REDV peptide to develop a selectivity for vascular cells, as a supplement to the functions of NO. As a result, the functionalized vascular stent perfectly combines the functions of NO and REDV, showing excellent antithrombotic properties and competitive selectivity toward the endothelial cells over the smooth muscle cells, hence impressively promotes re-endothelialization and improves anti-restenosis in vivo. Therefore, the first mussel-inspired "built-up" surface chemistry can be a promising candidate for the engineering of multifunctional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Physical Education Department, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qiufen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kaiqing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Abstract
At the biointerface where materials and microorganisms meet, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science that directs the design and safe use of synthetic materials for biological applications. Vapor deposition techniques provide an effective way to control the material properties of these biointerfaces with molecular-level precision that is important for biomaterials to interface with bacteria. In recent years, biointerface research that focuses on bacteria-surface interactions has been primarily driven by the goals of killing bacteria (antimicrobial) and fouling prevention (antifouling). Nevertheless, vapor deposition techniques have the potential to create biointerfaces with features that can manipulate and dictate the behavior of bacteria rather than killing or deterring them. In this review, we focus on recent advances in antimicrobial and antifouling biointerfaces produced through vapor deposition and provide an outlook on opportunities to capitalize on the features of these techniques to find unexplored connections between surface features and microbial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Donadt
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Yang T, Du Z, Qiu H, Gao P, Zhao X, Wang H, Tu Q, Xiong K, Huang N, Yang Z. From surface to bulk modification: Plasma polymerization of amine-bearing coating by synergic strategy of biomolecule grafting and nitric oxide loading. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:17-25. [PMID: 31956732 PMCID: PMC6957870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of two or more biomolecules with synergetic and complementary effects on a material surface can help to obtain multi-functions for various biomedical applications. However, the amounts of biomolecules integrated and their physiological functions are compromised due to the limited surface anchoring sites. Herein, we propose a novel concept of film engineering strategy “from surface to bulk synergetic modification”. This new concept is realized by employing the surface amine groups of plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAm) film for grafting a molecule e.g., thrombin inhibitor, bivalirudin (BVLD), meanwhile its bulk amine groups is used as a universal depot for storing and releasing therapeutic nitric oxide (NO) gas as supplement to the functions of BVLD. It is demonstrated that such a “from surface to bulk synergetic modification” film engineering can impart the modified-substrates with anti-platelet and anti-coagulant dual functions, giving rise to a highly endothelium-mimetic thromboresistant property. We believe that our research provides a very promising strategy to deliver multifunctional surface versatilely that require NO release in combination with other properties, which will find broad biomedical applications in blood-contacting devices, and et al. Moreover, it also provides a brand-new film engineering strategy for tailoring surface multi-functionalities of a wide range of materials. A concept of “from surface to bulk synergetic modification” is proposed for tailoring surface multi-functionalities. The surface amine groups of plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAm) film were used for grafting bivalirudin. The bulk amine groups of PPAm film is utilized as the universal depots for storing and releasing nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zeyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiufen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kaiqin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of the Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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Yang H, Wang H, Feng J, Ye Y, Liu W. Solventless Synthesis and Patterning of UV‐Responsive Poly(allyl methacrylate) Film. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Yang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hong Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Jingang Feng
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Yumin Ye
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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36
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Sun M, Qiu H, Su C, Shi X, Wang Z, Ye Y, Zhu Y. Solvent-Free Graft-From Polymerization of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Imparting Ultralow Bacterial Fouling and Improved Biocompatibility. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3983-3991. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Haofeng Qiu
- The Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Su
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Ye
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- The Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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37
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Viola W, Zhang L, Andrew TL. Oxidant aggregate-induced porosity in vapour-deposited polymer films and correlated impact on electrochemical properties. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1623892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Viola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lushuai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trisha L. Andrew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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38
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Wu H, Yu S, Xu Z, Cao B, Peng X, Zhang Z, Chai G, Liu A. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Reversible and Stable Wetting States of a Hierarchically Wrinkled Surface Tuned by Mechanical Strain. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6870-6877. [PMID: 31042869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wetting behavior of hierarchically wrinkled surfaces has attracted great interest because of its broad application in flexible electronic, microfluidic chip, and biomedicine. However, theoretical studies concerning the relationship between the apparent contact angle and mechanical strain applied on the soft and flexible surface with a hierarchically wrinkled structure are still limited. We established a theoretical framework to describe and understand how prestrain and applied dynamic strain reversibly tune the wettability of the hierarchically wrinkled surface. More specifically, a direct relationship between the mechanical strain and contact angle was built through reversible tuning of the amplitude and the wavelength of the wrinkled structures caused by mechanical strain, which allowed for more precise adjustment of surface wettability. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical relationship between the contact angle and mechanical strain, a soft surface with a hierarchically wrinkled structure was prepared by combining wrinkled microstructures and strip ones. The results showed that the experimental contact angles were in agreement with the theoretical ones within a limited error range. This will be helpful for further investigation on the wettability of hierarchically wrinkled surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Sihang Yu
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Zhenxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Binbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Guozhong Chai
- Key Laboratory of E&M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Center for Optoelectronics Materials and Devices , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
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39
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Ghasemi‐Mobarakeh L, Werzer O, Keimel R, Kolahreez D, Hadley P, Coclite AM. Manipulating drug release from tridimensional porous substrates coated by initiated chemical vapor deposition. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Graz, 8010 Graz Austria
- BioTechMed Graz Austria
| | - Roman Keimel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Graz, 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Davood Kolahreez
- Department of Textile EngineeringIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Iran
| | - Peter Hadley
- Institute for Solid State Physics, NAWI GrazGraz University of Technology, 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- BioTechMed Graz Austria
- Institute for Solid State Physics, NAWI GrazGraz University of Technology, 8010 Graz Austria
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40
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Kim JJ, Allison LK, Andrew TL. Vapor-printed polymer electrodes for long-term, on-demand health monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw0463. [PMID: 30899786 PMCID: PMC6420315 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We vapor print conformal conjugated polymer electrodes directly onto living plants and use these electrodes to probe the health of actively growing specimens using bioimpedance spectroscopy. Vapor-printed polymer electrodes, unlike their adhesive thin-film counterparts, do not delaminate from microtextured living surfaces as the organism matures and do not observably attenuate the natural growth pattern and self-sustenance of the plants investigated here. On-demand, noninvasive bioimpedance spectroscopy performed with long-lasting vapor-printed polymer electrodes can reliably detect deep tissue damage caused by dehydration and ultraviolet A exposure throughout the life cycle of a plant.
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41
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Buchberger A, Peterka S, Coclite AM, Bergmann A. Fast Optical Humidity Sensor Based on Hydrogel Thin Film Expansion for Harsh Environment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E999. [PMID: 30813631 PMCID: PMC6427288 DOI: 10.3390/s19050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the application of a recently developed deposition method called initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), responsive hydrogel thin films in the order of a few hundred nanometers were created. When in contact with humid air, the hydrogel layer increases its thickness considerably. The measurement of the thickness change was realized interferometrically with a laser and a broadband light source in two different implementations. The relative change in thickness with respect to humidity can be described with the Flory⁻Huggins theory. The required Flory⁻Huggins interaction parameter was determined for the actual hydrogel composition. The setup was designed without electric components in the vicinity of the active sensor layer and is therefore applicable in harsh environments such as explosive or corrosive ones. The implemented sensor prototype delivered reproducible relative humidity ( R H ) values and the achieved response time for an abrupt change of the humidity τ 63 ≤ 2.5 s was about three times faster compared to one of the fastest commercially available sensors on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Buchberger
- Institute of Electronic Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Peterka
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Bergmann
- Institute of Electronic Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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42
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Werzer O, Tumphart S, Keimel R, Christian P, Coclite AM. Drug release from thin films encapsulated by a temperature-responsive hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1853-1859. [PMID: 30698598 PMCID: PMC6390694 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02529k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Control over drug delivery may be interestingly achieved by using temperature responsive encapsulants, which change their thickness and mesh size with temperature. The prototype N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel cross-linked with di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether p(NIPAAm-co-DEGDVE) swells at low temperature and collapses above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), ∼29 °C in a buffer. It might be expected that drug release from such encapsulation is always favored below the LCST, due to the larger free volume present in the swollen polymer film. Recent results show contradicting behavior where some cases behave as expected and others release much less when the polymer layer is swollen. In this study, layers of the drugs phenytoin, clotrimazole and indomethacin were drop cast on glass and p(NIPAAM-co-DEGDVE) layers were then synthesized directly on top of these drug layers via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a solvent-free and gentle polymerization technique. Dissolution experiments were then performed, in which the drug release through the hindrance of the hydrogel was measured at different pH values. The results show that not only the swelling but also the permeate (drug in this case)-polymer interaction plays an important role in the release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Werzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
, University of Graz
,
8010 Graz
, Austria
| | - Stephan Tumphart
- Institute for Solid State Physics
, NAWI Graz
, Graz University of Technology
,
8010 Graz
, Austria
.
| | - Roman Keimel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
, University of Graz
,
8010 Graz
, Austria
| | - Paul Christian
- Institute for Solid State Physics
, NAWI Graz
, Graz University of Technology
,
8010 Graz
, Austria
.
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute for Solid State Physics
, NAWI Graz
, Graz University of Technology
,
8010 Graz
, Austria
.
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43
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Schröder S, Strunskus T, Rehders S, Gleason KK, Faupel F. Tunable polytetrafluoroethylene electret films with extraordinary charge stability synthesized by initiated chemical vapor deposition for organic electronics applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2237. [PMID: 30783115 PMCID: PMC6381081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) possesses excellent chemical stability and dielectric properties. Indeed, thin films with these same characteristics would be ideal for electret applications. Previously, the electret properties of PTFE-like thin films produced by rf sputtering or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition were found to deteriorate due to structural changes and surface oxidation. In this article, the technique of initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is evaluated for electret applications for the first time. The iCVD method is known for its solvent-free deposition of conformal, pinhole-free polymer thin films in mild process conditions. It is shown that PTFE thin films prepared in this way, show excellent agreement to commercial bulk PTFE with regard to chemical properties and dielectric dissipation factors. After ion irradiation in a corona discharge the iCVD PTFE thin films exhibit stable electret properties, which can be tailored by the process parameters. Due to the mild deposition conditions, the iCVD technique is suitable for deposition on flexible organic substrates for the next-generation electret devices. It is also compatible with state-of-the-art microelectronic processing lines due to the characteristics of conformal growth and easy scaling up to larger size substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schröder
- Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rehders
- Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Franz Faupel
- Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24143, Kiel, Germany.
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Li W, Bradley LC, Watkins JJ. Copolymer Solid-State Electrolytes for 3D Microbatteries via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5668-5674. [PMID: 30688435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reliable integration of thin film solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with 3D electrodes is one major challenge in microbattery fabrication. We used initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) to produce a series of nanoscale copolymer films comprising hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol diacrylate. Conformal copolymer coatings were applied to a variety of patterned 3D electrodes and subsequently converted into ionic conductors by lithium salt doping. Broad tunability in ionic conductivity was achieved by optimizing the copolymer cross-linking density and matrix polarity, resulting in a room-temperature conductivity of (6.1 ± 2.7) × 10-6 S cm-1, the highest value reported for conformal, nanoscale SPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Laura C Bradley
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Yao L, Gu J, Wang W, Li T, Ma D, Liu Q, Zhang W, Abbas W, Bahadoran A, Zhang D. Ce 4+ as a facile and versatile surface modification reagent for templated synthesis in electrical applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2138-2142. [PMID: 30664139 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09538h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification for templated synthesis is crucial to achieving three-dimensional (3D) architectured materials for catalysis, photonics, energy storage, etc. However, the existing facile and versatile modification methods (e.g. with dopamine and catechol) generate modification layers that are unstable in harsh environments. These methods are thus unsuitable for electrical applications. Here we report that Ce4+ can act as an effective surface modification reagent for a broad range of substrates (chitinous butterfly wings, carbon paper, nickel foam, and polyethylene terephthalate planks) with various structural features owing to its strong oxidizing ability and Lewis acid nature. The modification yields discrete CeO2 seed layers on substrate surfaces in ca. 0.25-2 h, important for the subsequent conformal growth of CeO2 nanoparticles, Ni(OH)2 nanowires, FeOOH nanosheets, and WO3 nanosheets into 3D architectured materials. The conformally synthesized FeOOH on nickel foam (NF) yields an overpotential of 241 mV at 10 mA cm-1 for an oxygen evolution reaction. This value is comparable to a typical catalyst Ni(Fe)OOH-NF for which the Ni/Fe ratio must be well-optimized. This facile and versatile strategy might have broad applications in the conformal fabrication and application of 3D architectured materials, especially when applied in electrical applications of architectured materials (e.g. Li-ion battery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Copper- Foam and Electrospinning Polystyrene Fiber for Combinational Oil⁻Water Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010097. [PMID: 30960081 PMCID: PMC6402002 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-based metal substrates with special surface wettability have been applied widely for oil/water separation. In this work, a series of copper foams with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity were chemically etched using 10 mg mL−1 FeCl3/HCl solution with consequent ultrasonication, followed by the subsequent modification of four sulfhydryl compounds. A water contact angle of 158° and a sliding angle lower than 5° were achieved for the copper foam modified using 10 mM n-octadecanethiol solution in ethanol. In addition, the interaction mechanism was initially investigated, indicating the coordination between copper atoms with vacant orbital and sulfur atoms with lone pair electrons. In addition, the polymeric fibers were electrospun through the dissolution of polystyrene in a good solvent of chlorobenzene, and a nonsolvent of dimethyl sulfoxide. Oil absorption and collection over the water surface were carried out by the miniature boat made out of copper foam, a string bag of as-spun PS fibers with high oil absorption capacity, or the porous boat embedded with the as-spun fibers, respectively. The findings might provide a simple and practical combinational method for the solution of oil spill.
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An efficient isolation of foodborne pathogen using surface-modified porous sponge. Food Chem 2019; 270:445-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Crosslinked Organosilicon-Acrylate Copolymer Moisture Barrier Thin Film Fabricated by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD). Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-6149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shi X, Ye Y, Wang H, Liu F, Wang Z. Designing pH-Responsive Biodegradable Polymer Coatings for Controlled Drug Release via Vapor-Based Route. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38449-38458. [PMID: 30360069 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of a novel pH-responsive drug release system that is achieved by solventless encapsulation of drugs within a microporous membrane using a thin capping layer of biodegradable poly(methacrylic anhydride) (PMAH) coating. The coating was synthesized via a mild vapor polymerization process, namely, initiated chemical vapor deposition, which allowed perfect retention of the anhydride groups during deposition. The synthesized polyanhydride underwent degradation upon exposure to aqueous buffers, resulting in soluble poly(methacrylic acid). The degradation behavior of PMAH is highly pH-dependent, and the degradation rate under pH 10 is 15 times faster than that under pH 1. The release profile of a model drug rifampicin clearly exhibited two stages: the initial stage when the coatings were being degraded but the drugs were well stored and the second stage when drugs were gradually exposed to the medium and released. The drug release also showed strong pH responsiveness where the duration of the initial stage under pH 1 was more than 7 and 3 times longer than that under pH 10 and 7.4, respectively, and the release rates at pH 7.4 and 10 were significantly faster than that at pH 1. The pH-dependent degradation of the encapsulant thus enabled good preservation of drugs under low-pH environment but high drug release efficiency under neutral and alkaline environment, suggesting potential applications in site-specific drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Yumin Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices , Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
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Choi B, Lee J, Han H, Woo J, Park K, Seo J, Lee T. Highly Conductive Fiber with Waterproof and Self-Cleaning Properties for Textile Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36094-36101. [PMID: 30222308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Major concerns in the development of wearable textile electronics are exposure to moisture and contamination. The exposure can cause electrical breakdown of the device and its interconnections, and thus continuous efforts have been made to fabricate textile electronics which are free from moisture and pollution. Herein, we developed a highly conductive and waterproof fiber with excellent electrical conductivity (0.11 Ω/cm) and mechanical stability for advanced interconnector components in wearable textile electronics. The fabrication process of the highly conductive fiber involves coating of a commercial Kevlar fiber with Ag nanoparticle-poly(styrene- block-butadiene- block-styrene) polymer composites. The fabricated fiber then gets treated with self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-forming reagents, which yields waterproof and self-cleaning properties. To find optimal SAM-forming reagents, four different kinds of reagents involving 1-decane thiol (DT), 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorohexanethiol, 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluodecanethiol (PFDT) were compared in terms of their thiol group and carbon chain lengths. Among the SAM-forming reagents, the PFDT-treated conductive fiber showed superior waterproof and self-cleaning property, as well as great sustainability in the water with varying pH because of nanoscale roughness and low surface energy. In addition, the functionality of the conductive fiber was tested under mechanical compression via repeated washing and folding processes. The developed conductive fiber with waterproof and self-cleaning property has promising applications in the interconnector operated under water and textile electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungwoo Choi
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Lee
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zürich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Heetak Han
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Janghoon Woo
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Park
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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