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Wang X, Guo L, Bezsmertna O, Wu Y, Makarov D, Xu R. Printed magnetoresistive sensors for recyclable magnetoelectronics. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2024:d4ta02765e. [PMID: 39234481 PMCID: PMC11367592 DOI: 10.1039/d4ta02765e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
We have developed an innovative recyclable printed magnetoresistive sensor using GMR microflakes and AMR microparticles as functional fillers, with PECH as the elastomer binder. Under saturation magnetic fields of 100 mT and 30 mT, these sensors respectively exhibit magnetoresistance values of 4.7% and 0.45%. The excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability of the PECH elastomer binder endow these sensors with outstanding flexibility and temperature stability. This flexibility, low cost, and scalability make these sensors highly suitable for integration into flexible electronic devices, such as smart security systems and home automation. Moreover, these sensors are fully recyclable and reusable, allowing the materials to be separated, reused, and remanufactured without loss of performance. The low energy consumption of the production process and the recyclability of the materials significantly reduce the environmental impact of these magnetic field sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Lin Guo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Olha Bezsmertna
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Yuhan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Rui Xu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
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2
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Zhang J, Jin Z, Chen G, Chen J. An ultrathin, rapidly fabricated, flexible giant magnetoresistive electronic skin. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:109. [PMID: 39139649 PMCID: PMC11319584 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of electronic wearables, among which flexible magnetoelectronic skin has emerged as a key component. This technology is part of the rapidly progressing field of flexible wearable electronics, which has facilitated a new human perceptual development known as the magnetic sense. However, the magnetoelectronic skin is limited due to its low sensitivity and substantial field limitations as a wearable electronic device for sensing minor magnetic fields. Additionally, achieving efficient and non-destructive delamination in flexible magnetic sensors remains a significant challenge, hindering their development. In this study, we demonstrate a novel magnetoelectronic touchless interactive device that utilizes a flexible giant magnetoresistive sensor array. The flexible magnetic sensor array was developed through an electrochemical delamination process, and the resultant ultra-thin flexible electronic system possessed both ultra-thin and non-destructive characteristics. The flexible magnetic sensor is capable of achieving a bending angle of up to 90 degrees, maintaining its performance integrity even after multiple repetitive bending cycles. Our study also provides demonstrations of non-contact interaction and pressure sensing. This research is anticipated to significantly contribute to the advancement of high-performance flexible magnetic sensors and catalyze the development of more sophisticated magnetic electronic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhenhu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Guangyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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3
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Yang H, Li S, Wu Y, Bao X, Xiang Z, Xie Y, Pan L, Chen J, Liu Y, Li RW. Advances in Flexible Magnetosensitive Materials and Devices for Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311996. [PMID: 38776537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging fields, such as wearable electronics, digital healthcare, the Internet of Things, and humanoid robots, highlight the need for flexible devices capable of recording signals on curved surfaces and soft objects. In particular, flexible magnetosensitive devices garner significant attention owing to their ability to combine the advantages of flexible electronics and magnetoelectronic devices, such as reshaping capability, conformability, contactless sensing, and navigation capability. Several key challenges must be addressed to develop well-functional flexible magnetic devices. These include determining how to make magnetic materials flexible and even elastic, understanding how the physical properties of magnetic films change under external strain and stress, and designing and constructing flexible magnetosensitive devices. In recent years, significant progress is made in addressing these challenges. This study aims to provide a timely and comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in flexible magnetosensitive devices. This includes discussions on the fabrications and mechanical regulations of flexible magnetic materials, the principles and performances of flexible magnetic sensors, and their applications for wearable electronics. In addition, future development trends and challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xilai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lili Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Pan L, Xie Y, Yang H, Li M, Bao X, Shang J, Li RW. Flexible Magnetic Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4083. [PMID: 37112422 PMCID: PMC10141728 DOI: 10.3390/s23084083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the merits of high sensitivity, high stability, high flexibility, low cost, and simple manufacturing, flexible magnetic field sensors have potential applications in various fields such as geomagnetosensitive E-Skins, magnetoelectric compass, and non-contact interactive platforms. Based on the principles of various magnetic field sensors, this paper introduces the research progress of flexible magnetic field sensors, including the preparation, performance, related applications, etc. In addition, the prospects of flexible magnetic field sensors and their challenges are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mengchao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xilai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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Han Y, Cao Y, Zhou J, Yao Y, Wu X, Bolisetty S, Diener M, Handschin S, Lu C, Mezzenga R. Interfacial Electrostatic Self-Assembly of Amyloid Fibrils into Multifunctional Protein Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206867. [PMID: 36698306 PMCID: PMC10037951 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils have generated steadily increasing traction in the development of natural and artificial materials. However, it remains a challenge to construct bulk amyloid films directly from amyloid fibrils due to their intrinsic brittleness. Here, a facile and general methodology to fabricate macroscopic and tunable amyloid films via fast electrostatic self-assembly of amyloid fibrils at the air-water interface is introduced. Benefiting from the excellent templating properties of amyloid fibrils for nanoparticles (such as conductive carbon nanotubes or magnetic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles), multifunctional amyloid films with tunable properties are constructed. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, a magnetically oriented soft robotic swimmer with well-confined movement trajectory is prepared. In addition, a smart magnetic sensor with high sensitivity to external magnetic fields is fabricated via the combination of the conductive and magnetic amyloid films. This strategy provides a convenient, efficient, and controllable approach for the preparation of amyloid-based multifunctional films and related smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan UniversitySichuan610065P. R. China
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Yiping Cao
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Yang Yao
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan UniversitySichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Sreenath Bolisetty
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
- BluAct Technologies GmbHZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Michael Diener
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan UniversitySichuan610065P. R. China
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH ZurichDepartment of Health Science and TechnologySchmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO E23Zurich8092Switzerland
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Xu R, Cañón Bermúdez GS, Pylypovskyi OV, Volkov OM, Oliveros Mata ES, Zabila Y, Illing R, Makushko P, Milkin P, Ionov L, Fassbender J, Makarov D. Self-healable printed magnetic field sensors using alternating magnetic fields. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6587. [PMID: 36329023 PMCID: PMC9631606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ alternating magnetic fields (AMF) to drive magnetic fillers actively and guide the formation and self-healing of percolation networks. Relying on AMF, we fabricate printable magnetoresistive sensors revealing an enhancement in sensitivity and figure of merit of more than one and two orders of magnitude relative to previous reports. These sensors display low noise, high resolution, and are readily processable using various printing techniques that can be applied to different substrates. The AMF-mediated self-healing has six characteristics: 100% performance recovery; repeatable healing over multiple cycles; room-temperature operation; healing in seconds; no need for manual reassembly; humidity insensitivity. It is found that the above advantages arise from the AMF-induced attraction of magnetic microparticles and the determinative oscillation that work synergistically to improve the quantity and quality of filler contacts. By virtue of these advantages, the AMF-mediated sensors are used in safety application, medical therapy, and human-machine interfaces for augmented reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr V. Pylypovskyi
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany ,grid.510453.6Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142 Ukraine
| | - Oleksii M. Volkov
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eduardo Sergio Oliveros Mata
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rico Illing
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavlo Makushko
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavel Milkin
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str 36a, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str 36a, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Wu K, Tonini D, Liang S, Saha R, Chugh VK, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors in Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9945-9969. [PMID: 35167743 PMCID: PMC9055838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has seen flourishing development from theory to application in the last three decades since its discovery in 1988. Nowadays, commercial devices based on the GMR effect, such as hard-disk drives, biosensors, magnetic field sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc., are available in the market, by virtue of the advances in state-of-the-art thin-film deposition and micro- and nanofabrication techniques. Different types of GMR biosensor arrays with superior sensitivity and robustness are available at a lower cost for a wide variety of biomedical applications. In this paper, we review the recent advances in GMR-based biomedical applications including disease diagnosis, genotyping, food and drug regulation, brain and cardiac mapping, etc. The GMR magnetic multilayer structure, spin valve, and magnetic granular structure, as well as fundamental theories of the GMR effect, are introduced at first. The emerging topic of flexible GMR for wearable biosensing is also included. Different GMR pattern designs, sensor surface functionalization, bioassay strategies, and on-chip accessories for improved GMR performances are reviewed. It is foreseen that combined with the state-of-the-art complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, GMR biosensors hold great promise in biomedicine, particularly for point-of-care (POC) disease diagnosis and wearable devices for real-time health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Denis Tonini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Makarov D, Volkov OM, Kákay A, Pylypovskyi OV, Budinská B, Dobrovolskiy OV. New Dimension in Magnetism and Superconductivity: 3D and Curvilinear Nanoarchitectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101758. [PMID: 34705309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid-state physics over soft-matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics, giving rise to a plethora of emerging domains such as curvilinear nematics, curvilinear studies of cell biology, curvilinear semiconductors, superfluidity, optics, 2D van der Waals materials, plasmonics, magnetism, and superconductivity. Here, the state of the art is summarized and prospects for future research in curvilinear solid-state systems exhibiting such fundamental cooperative phenomena as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity are outlined. Highlighting the recent developments and current challenges in theory, fabrication, and characterization of curvilinear micro- and nanostructures, special attention is paid to perspective research directions entailing new physics and to their strong application potential. Overall, the perspective is aimed at crossing the boundaries between the magnetism and superconductivity communities and drawing attention to the conceptual aspects of how extension of structures into the third dimension and curvilinear geometry can modify existing and aid launching novel functionalities. In addition, the perspective should stimulate the development and dissemination of research and development oriented techniques to facilitate rapid transitions from laboratory demonstrations to industry-ready prototypes and eventual products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Barbora Budinská
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Oleksandr V Dobrovolskiy
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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9
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Merazzo KJ, Lima AC, Rincón-Iglesias M, Fernandes LC, Pereira N, Lanceros-Mendez S, Martins P. Magnetic materials: a journey from finding north to an exciting printed future. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2654-2684. [PMID: 34617551 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00641j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential implications/applications of printing technologies are being recognized worldwide across different disciplines and industries. Printed magnetoactive smart materials, whose physical properties can be changed by the application of external magnetic fields, are an exclusive class of smart materials that are highly valuable due to their magnetically activated smart and/or multifunctional response. Such smart behavior allows, among others, high speed and low-cost wireless activation, fast response, and high controllability with no relevant limitations in design, shape, or dimensions. Nevertheless, the printing of magnetoactive materials is still in its infancy, and the design apparatus, the material set, and the fabrication procedures are far from their optimum features. Thus, this review presents the main concepts that allow interconnecting printing technologies with magnetoactive materials by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this joint field, trying to highlight the scientific obstacles that still limit a wider application of these materials nowadays. Additionally, it discusses how these limitations could be overcome, together with an outlook of the remaining challenges in the emerging digitalization, Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0 paradigms. Finally, as magnetoactive materials will play a leading role in energy generation and management, the magnetic-based Green Deal is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Merazzo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - A C Lima
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - M Rincón-Iglesias
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L C Fernandes
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - N Pereira
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Algoritmi Center, Minho University, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - P Martins
- Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- IB-S Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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10
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Gao HL, Wang ZY, Cui C, Bao JZ, Zhu YB, Xia J, Wen SM, Wu HA, Yu SH. A Highly Compressible and Stretchable Carbon Spring for Smart Vibration and Magnetism Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102724. [PMID: 34387379 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon materials demonstrate extensive applications for their attractive characteristics. Mechanical flexibility is an essential property guaranteeing their durability. After decades of research efforts, compressive brittleness of porous carbon materials is well resolved. However, reversible stretchability remains challenging to achieve due to the intrinsically weak connections and fragile joints of the porous carbon networks. Herein, it is presented that a porous all-carbon material achieving both elastic compressibility and stretchability at large strain from -80% to 80% can be obtained when a unique long-range lamellar multi-arch microstructure is introduced. Impressively, the porous all-carbon material can maintain reliable structural robustness and durability under loading condition of cyclic compressing-stretching process, similar to a real metallic spring. The unique performance renders it as a promising platform for making smart vibration and magnetism sensors, even capable of operating at extreme temperatures. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights for creating highly stretchable and compressible porous materials from other neat inorganic components for diverse applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ling Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Bao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yin-Bo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jun Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Shao-Meng Wen
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Heng-An Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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11
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Ogata K, Nakayama Y, Xiao G, Kaiju H. Observation and theoretical calculations of voltage-induced large magnetocapacitance beyond 330% in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13807. [PMID: 34253744 PMCID: PMC8275788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in the field of spintronics have received enormous attention owing to their fascinating spin phenomena for fundamental physics and potential applications. MTJs exhibit a large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) at room temperature. However, TMR depends strongly on the bias voltage, which reduces the magnitude of TMR. On the other hand, tunnel magnetocapacitance (TMC), which has also been observed in MTJs, can be increased when subjecting to a biasing voltage, thus exhibiting one of the most interesting spin phenomena. Here we report a large voltage-induced TMC beyond 330% in MgO-based MTJs, which is the largest value ever reported for MTJs. The voltage dependence and frequency characteristics of TMC can be explained by the newly proposed Debye-Fröhlich model using Zhang-sigmoid theory, parabolic barrier approximation, and spin-dependent drift diffusion model. Moreover, we predict that the voltage-induced TMC ratio could reach over 3000% in MTJs. It is a reality now that MTJs can be used as capacitors that are small in size, broadly ranged in frequencies and controllable by a voltage. Our theoretical and experimental findings provide a deeper understanding on the exact mechanism of voltage-induced AC spin transports in spintronic devices. Our research may open new avenues to the development of spintronics applications, such as highly sensitive magnetic sensors, high performance non-volatile memories, multi-functional spin logic devices, voltage controlled electronic components, and energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ogata
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakayama
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Hideo Kaiju
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan. .,Center for Spintronics Research Network, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
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12
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Zighem F, Faurie D. A review on nanostructured thin films on flexible substrates: links between strains and magnetic properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:233002. [PMID: 33973532 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abe96c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a topical review of work on systems based on magnetic nanostructured thin films on polymer substrates. This topic has indeed experienced a significant growth in the last ten years. Several studies show a strong potential of these systems for a number of applications requiring functionalities on non-planar surfaces. However, the deformations necessary for this type of applications are likely to modify their magnetic properties, and the relationships between strain fields, potential damages and functional properties must be well understood. This review focuses both on the development of techniques dedicated to this research, on the synthesis of the experimental results obtained over the last ten years and on the perspectives related to stretchable or flexible magnetoelectric systems. In particular, the article focuses on the links between magnetic behavior and the strain field developing during the whole history of these systems (elaboration, reversible and irreversible loading).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zighem
- LSPM-CNRS, UPR3407, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | - D Faurie
- LSPM-CNRS, UPR3407, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
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13
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Ha M, Cañón Bermúdez GS, Kosub T, Mönch I, Zabila Y, Oliveros Mata ES, Illing R, Wang Y, Fassbender J, Makarov D. Printable and Stretchable Giant Magnetoresistive Sensors for Highly Compliant and Skin-Conformal Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005521. [PMID: 33533129 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly compliant electronics, naturally conforming to human skin, represent a paradigm shift in the interplay with the surroundings. Solution-processable printing technologies are yet to be developed to comply with requirements to mechanical conformability of on-skin appliances. Here, it is demonstrated that high-performance spintronic elements can be printed on ultrathin 3 µm thick polymeric foils enabling the mechanically imperceptible printed magnetoelectronics, which can adapt to the periodic buckling surface to be biaxially stretched over 100%. They constitute the first example of printed and stretchable giant magnetoresistive sensors, revealing 2 orders of magnitude improvements in mechanical stability and sensitivity at small magnetic fields, compared to the state-of-the-art printed magnetoelectronics. The key enabler of this performance enhancement is the use of elastomeric triblock copolymers as a binder for the magnetosensitive paste. Even when bent to a radius of 16 µm, the sensors printed on ultrathin foils remain intact and possess unmatched sensitivity for printed magnetoelectronics of 3 T-1 in a low magnetic field of 0.88 mT. The compliant printed sensors can be used as components of on-skin interactive electronics as it is demonstrated with a touchless control of virtual objects including zooming in and out of interactive maps and scrolling through electronic documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ha
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Tobias Kosub
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Ingolf Mönch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Yevhen Zabila
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 31-342, Poland
| | - Eduardo Sergio Oliveros Mata
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Rico Illing
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Yakun Wang
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, 01328, Germany
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14
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Lee SW, Baek S, Park SW, Koo M, Kim EH, Lee S, Jin W, Kang H, Park C, Kim G, Shin H, Shim W, Yang S, Ahn JH, Park C. 3D motion tracking display enabled by magneto-interactive electroluminescence. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6072. [PMID: 33247086 PMCID: PMC7695719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a human-interactive display enabling the simultaneous sensing, visualisation, and memorisation of a magnetic field remains a challenge. Here we report a skin-patchable magneto-interactive electroluminescent display, which is capable of sensing, visualising, and storing magnetic field information, thereby enabling 3D motion tracking. A magnetic field-dependent conductive gate is employed in an alternating current electroluminescent display, which is used to produce non-volatile and rewritable magnetic field-dependent display. By constructing mechanically flexible arrays of magneto-interactive displays, a spin-patchable and pixelated platform is realised. The magnetic field varying along the z-axis enables the 3D motion tracking (monitoring and memorisation) on 2D pixelated display. This 3D motion tracking display is successfully used as a non-destructive surgery-path guiding, wherein a pathway for a surgical robotic arm with a magnetic probe is visualised and recorded on a display patched on the abdominal skin of a rat, thereby helping the robotic arm to find an optimal pathway. Designing human-interactive displays enabling the simultaneous sensing, visualization, and memorization of a magnetic field remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a skin-patchable magneto-interactive electroluminescent display by employing a magnetic field-dependent conductive gate, thereby enabling 3D motion tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Soyeon Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Min Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Eui Hyuk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Seokyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Wookyeong Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Hansol Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Gwangmook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Heechang Shin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
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15
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Chen L, Yu H, Dirican M, Fang D, Tian Y, Yan C, Xie J, Jia D, Liu H, Wang J, Tang F, Zhang X, Tao J. Highly Thermally Stable, Green Solvent Disintegrable, and Recyclable Polymer Substrates for Flexible Electronics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000292. [PMID: 32833274 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics require its substrate to have adequate thermal stability, but current thermally stable polymer substrates are difficult to be disintegrated and recycled; hence, generate enormous electronic solid waste. Here, a thermally stable and green solvent-disintegrable polymer substrate is developed for flexible electronics to promote their recyclability and reduce solid waste generation. Thanks to the proper design of rigid backbones and rational adjustments of polar and bulky side groups, the polymer substrate exhibits excellent thermal and mechanical properties with thermal decomposition temperature (Td,5% ) of 430 °C, upper operating temperature of over 300 °C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 48 ppm K-1 , tensile strength of 103 MPa, and elastic modulus of 2.49 GPa. Furthermore, the substrate illustrates outstanding optical and dielectric properties with high transmittance of 91% and a low dielectric constant of 2.30. Additionally, it demonstrates remarkable chemical and flame resistance. A proof-of-concept flexible printed circuit device is fabricated with this substrate, which demonstrates outstanding mechanical-electrical stability. Most importantly, the substrate can be quickly disintegrated and recycled with alcohol. With outstanding thermally stable properties, accompanied by excellent recyclability, the substrate is particularly attractive for a wide range of electronics to reduce solid waste generation, and head toward flexible and "green" electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Huang Yu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mahmut Dirican
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8301, USA
| | - Dongjun Fang
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan Tian
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chaoyi Yan
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8301, USA
| | - Jingyi Xie
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Guangzhou Lushan New Materials Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Fangcheng Tang
- Guangzhou Lushan New Materials Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8301, USA
| | - Jinsong Tao
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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16
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Shi X, Wu M, Lai Z, Li X, Gao P, Mi W. Bending Strain-Tailored Magnetic and Electronic Transport Properties of Reactively Sputtered γ'-Fe 4N/Muscovite Epitaxial Heterostructures toward Flexible Spintronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27394-27404. [PMID: 32462870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The strain modulation on the magnetic and electronic transport properties of the ferromagnetic films is one of the hot topics due to the practical applications in flexible and wearable spintronic devices. However, the large strain-induced saturation magnetization and resistance change is not easy to achieve because most of the ferromagnetic films deposited on flexible substrates are polycrystalline or amorphous. Here, the flexible epitaxial γ'-Fe4N/mica films are fabricated by facing-target reactive sputtering. At a tensile strain with a radius of curvature (ROC) of 3 mm, the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the γ'-Fe4N/mica film is tailored significantly with a maximal variation of 210%. Meanwhile, the magnetic anisotropy was broadly tunable at different strains, where the out-of-plane Mr/Ms at a tensile strain of ROC = 2 mm is six times larger than that at the unbent state. Besides, the strain-tailored longitudinal resistance Rxx and anomalous Hall resistivity ρxy appear where the drop of Rxx (ρxy) reaches 5% (22%) at a tensile strain of ROC = 3 mm. The shift of the nitrogen position in the γ'-Fe4N unit cell at different bending strains plays a key role in the strain-tailored magnetic and electronic transport properties. The flexible epitaxial γ'-Fe4N films have the potential applications in magneto- and electromechanical wearable spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Mei Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengxun Lai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xujing Li
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
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17
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Advances in Magnetoresistive Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010034. [PMID: 31888076 PMCID: PMC7019276 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) based biosensors are considered promising candidates for the detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as biomarkers and the biomagnetic fields. MR biosensors have been widely used in the detection of proteins, DNAs, as well as the mapping of cardiovascular and brain signals. In this review, we firstly introduce three different MR devices from the fundamental perspectives, followed by the fabrication and surface modification of the MR sensors. The sensitivity of the MR sensors can be improved by optimizing the sensing geometry, engineering the magnetic bioassays on the sensor surface, and integrating the sensors with magnetic flux concentrators and microfluidic channels. Different kinds of MR-based bioassays are also introduced. Subsequently, the research on MR biosensors for the detection of protein biomarkers and genotyping is reviewed. As a more recent application, brain mapping based on MR sensors is summarized in a separate section with the discussion of both the potential benefits and challenges in this new field. Finally, the integration of MR biosensors with flexible substrates is reviewed, with the emphasis on the fabrication techniques to obtain highly shapeable devices while maintaining comparable performance to their rigid counterparts.
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18
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Becker C, Karnaushenko D, Kang T, Karnaushenko DD, Faghih M, Mirhajivarzaneh A, Schmidt OG. Self-assembly of highly sensitive 3D magnetic field vector angular encoders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay7459. [PMID: 32064322 PMCID: PMC6989305 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel robotic, bioelectronic, and diagnostic systems require a variety of compact and high-performance sensors. Among them, compact three-dimensional (3D) vector angular encoders are required to determine spatial position and orientation in a 3D environment. However, fabrication of 3D vector sensors is a challenging task associated with time-consuming and expensive, sequential processing needed for the orientation of individual sensor elements in 3D space. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of 3D self-assembly to simultaneously reorient numerous giant magnetoresistive (GMR) spin valve sensors for smart fabrication of 3D magnetic angular encoders. During the self-assembly process, the GMR sensors are brought into their desired orthogonal positions within the three Cartesian planes in a simultaneous process that yields monolithic high-performance devices. We fabricated vector angular encoders with equivalent angular accuracy in all directions of 0.14°, as well as low noise and low power consumption during high-speed operation at frequencies up to 1 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Becker
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (D.K.); (O.G.S.)
| | - Tong Kang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maryam Faghih
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alaleh Mirhajivarzaneh
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Rosenbergstraße 6, TU Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (D.K.); (O.G.S.)
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19
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Gloag L, Mehdipour M, Chen D, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Advances in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904385. [PMID: 31538371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of high significance in sensing as they provide viable solutions to the enduring challenges related to lower detection limits and nonspecific effects. The rapid expansion in the applications of MNPs creates a need to overview the current state of the field of MNPs for sensing applications. In this review, the trends and concepts in the literature are critically appraised in terms of the opportunities and limitations of MNPs used for the most advanced sensing applications. The latest progress in MNP sensor technologies is overviewed with a focus on MNP structures and properties, as well as the strategies of incorporating these MNPs into devices. By looking at recent synthetic advancements, and the key challenges that face nanoparticle-based sensors, this review aims to outline how to design, synthesize, and use MNPs to make the most effective and sensitive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Milad Mehdipour
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dongfei Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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20
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Abstract
Flexible sensors have the potential to be seamlessly applied to soft and irregularly shaped surfaces such as the human skin or textile fabrics. This benefits conformability dependant applications including smart tattoos, artificial skins and soft robotics. Consequently, materials and structures for innovative flexible sensors, as well as their integration into systems, continue to be in the spotlight of research. This review outlines the current state of flexible sensor technologies and the impact of material developments on this field. Special attention is given to strain, temperature, chemical, light and electropotential sensors, as well as their respective applications.
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21
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Atxabal A, McMillan SR, García-Arruabarrena B, Parui S, Llopis R, Casanova F, Flatté ME, Hueso LE. Strain Effects on the Energy-Level Alignment at Metal/Organic Semiconductor Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12717-12722. [PMID: 30859806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable devices are among the upcoming trends in the opto-electronics market. Nevertheless, bendable devices should ensure the same efficiency and stability as their rigid analogs. It is well-known that the energy barriers between the metal Fermi energy and the molecular levels of organic semiconductors devoted to charge transport are key parameters in the performance of organic-based electronic devices. Therefore, it is paramount to understand how the energy barriers at metal/organic semiconductor interfaces change with bending. In this work, we experimentally measure the interface energy barriers between a metallic contact and small semiconducting molecules. The measurements are performed in operative conditions, while the samples are bent by a controlled applied mechanical strain. We determine that energy barriers are not sensitive to bending of the sample, but we observe that the hopping transport of the charges in flat molecules can be tuned by mechanical strain. The theoretical model developed for this work confirms our experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Atxabal
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stephen R McMillan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Iowa , 203 Van Allen Hall , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1479 , United States
| | | | - Subir Parui
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Basque Country, Spain
| | - Roger Llopis
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Basque Country, Spain
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Basque Country, Spain
| | - Michael E Flatté
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Iowa , 203 Van Allen Hall , Iowa City , Iowa 52242-1479 , United States
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Basque Country, Spain
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22
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Rahman MW, Bodepudi SC, Pramanik S. Giant magnetoresistance switching in multilayer graphene grown on cobalt. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:385202. [PMID: 29952753 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacfd8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic multilayer devices, showing large magnetoresistance (MR) effects, have revolutionized magnetic sensing and data storage sectors over the last few decades. Two-dimensional van der Waals layered materials are relatively new entrants in this area, and these materials can give rise to large MR effects with diverse physical origins. Here we report observation of giant MR switching (∼10 orders of magnitude) in multilayered graphene grown on cobalt (Co) substrates, which persists even at room temperature. The origin of this effect is linked with weak interlayer coupling of the graphene stacks, which gives rise to an 'interlayer MR' effect. This effect is found to be robust against some degree of inhomogeneity in the graphene stack, making it an attractive platform for the emerging area of flexible magnetic sensorics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Wazedur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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23
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Dwivedi P, Dhanekar S, Das S. MoO 3/nano-Si heterostructure based highly sensitive and acetone selective sensor prototype: a key to non-invasive detection of diabetes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:275503. [PMID: 29745370 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabcef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of an extremely sensitive and selective acetone sensor prototype which can be used as a platform for non-invasive diabetes detection through exhaled human breath. The miniaturized sensors were produced in high yield with the use of standard microfabrication processes. The sensors were based on a heterostructure composed of MoO3 and nano-porous silicon (NPS). Features like acetone selective, enhanced sensor response and 0.5 ppm detection limit were observed upon introduction of MoO3 on the NPS. The sensors were found to be repeatable and stable for almost 1 year, as tested under humid conditions at room temperature. It was inferred that the interface resistance of MoO3 and NPS played a key role in the sensing mechanism. With the use of breath analysis and lab-on-chip, medical diagnosis procedures can be simplified and provide solutions for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dwivedi
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
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24
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Cai SY, Chang CH, Lin HI, Huang YF, Lin WJ, Lin SY, Liou YR, Shen TL, Huang YH, Tsao PW, Tzou CY, Liao YM, Chen YF. Ultrahigh Sensitive and Flexible Magnetoelectronics with Magnetic Nanocomposites: Toward an Additional Perception of Artificial Intelligence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17393-17400. [PMID: 29706071 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible magnetoelectronics has attracted a great attention for its intriguing functionalities and potential applications, such as healthcare, memory, soft robots, navigation, and touchless human-machine interaction systems. Here, we provide the first attempt to demonstrate a new type of magneto-piezoresistance device, which possesses an ultrahigh sensitivity with several orders of resistance change under an external magnetic field (100 mT). In our device, Fe-Ni alloy powders are embedded in the silver nanowire-coated micropyramid polydimethylsiloxane films. Our devices can not only serve as an on/off switch but also act as a sensor that can detect different magnetic fields because of its ultrahigh sensitivity, which is very useful for the application in analog signal communication. Moreover, our devices contain several key features, including large-area and easy fabrication processes, fast response time, low working voltage, low power consumption, excellent flexibility, and admirable compatibility onto a freeform surface, which are the critical criteria for the future development of touchless human-machine interaction systems. On the basis of all of these unique characteristics, we have demonstrated a nontouch piano keyboard, instantaneous magnetic field visualization, and autonomous power system, making our new devices be integrable with magnetic field and enable to be implemented into our daily life applications with unfamiliar human senses. Our approach therefore paves a useful route for the development of wearable electronics and intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Cai
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Chang
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Lin
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Fu Huang
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lin
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rou Liou
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Tien-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Tsao
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Tzou
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Liao
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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25
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Yang Q, Zhou Z, Wang L, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Hu Z, Peng B, Liu M. Ionic Gel Modulation of RKKY Interactions in Synthetic Anti-Ferromagnetic Nanostructures for Low Power Wearable Spintronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800449. [PMID: 29663532 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To meet the demand of developing compatible and energy-efficient flexible spintronics, voltage manipulation of magnetism on soft substrates is in demand. Here, a voltage tunable flexible field-effect transistor structure by ionic gel (IG) gating in perpendicular synthetic anti-ferromagnetic nanostructure is demonstrated. As a result, the interlayer Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction can be tuned electrically at room temperature. With a circuit gating voltage, anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) ordering is enhanced or converted into an AFM-ferromagnetic (FM) intermediate state, accompanying with the dynamic domain switching. This IG gating process can be repeated stably at different curvatures, confirming an excellent mechanical property. The IG-induced modification of interlayer exchange coupling is related to the change of Fermi level aroused by the disturbance of itinerant electrons. The voltage modulation of RKKY interaction with excellent flexibility proposes an application potential for wearable spintronic devices with energy efficiency and ultralow operation voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Liqian Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhongqiang Hu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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26
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Huang P, Li YQ, Yu XG, Zhu WB, Nie SY, Zhang H, Liu JR, Hu N, Fu SY. Bioinspired Flexible and Highly Responsive Dual-Mode Strain/Magnetism Composite Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11197-11203. [PMID: 29543432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mimicry of human skin to detect both oncoming and physical-contacting object is of great importance in the fields of manufacturing, artificial robots and vehicles, etc. Herein, a novel bioinspired flexible and highly responsive dual-mode strain/magnetism composite sensor, which works via both contact and contactless modes, is first fabricated by incorporating Fe3O4/silicone system into a carbon fiber aerogel (CFA). The distance dependence of magnetic field endorses the CFA/Fe3O4/silicone composite possible for spatial sensing due to the introduction of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. As a result, the as-prepared flexible sensor exhibits precise and real-time response not only to direct-contact compression as usual but also to contactless magnetic field in a wide frequency range from 0.1 to 10 Hz, achieving the maximum variance of 68% and 86% in relative electrical resistance, respectively. The contact and contactless sensing modes of the strain/magnetism sensor are clearly demonstrated by recording the speeds of bicycle riding and walking, respectively. Interestingly, this dual-mode composite sensor exhibits the capacity of identifying the contact and contactless state, which is the first report for flexible sensors. The current protocol is eco-friendly, facile, and thought-provoking for the fabrication of multifunctional sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Xiao-Guang Yu
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Wei-Bin Zhu
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Shu-Yan Nie
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Jin-Rui Liu
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Ning Hu
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Shao-Yun Fu
- College of Aerospace Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
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27
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Bryant SL, Eixenberger JE, Rossland S, Apsley H, Hoffmann C, Shrestha N, McHugh M, Punnoose A, Fologea D. ZnO nanoparticles modulate the ionic transport and voltage regulation of lysenin nanochannels. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:90. [PMID: 29246155 PMCID: PMC5732404 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The insufficient understanding of unintended biological impacts from nanomaterials (NMs) represents a serious impediment to their use for scientific, technological, and medical applications. While previous studies have focused on understanding nanotoxicity effects mostly resulting from cellular internalization, recent work indicates that NMs may interfere with transmembrane transport mechanisms, hence enabling contributions to nanotoxicity by affecting key biological activities dependent on transmembrane transport. In this line of inquiry, we investigated the effects of charged nanoparticles (NPs) on the transport properties of lysenin, a pore-forming toxin that shares fundamental features with ion channels such as regulation and high transport rate. Results The macroscopic conductance of lysenin channels greatly diminished in the presence of cationic ZnO NPs. The inhibitory effects were asymmetrical relative to the direction of the electric field and addition site, suggesting electrostatic interactions between ZnO NPs and a binding site. Similar changes in the macroscopic conductance were observed when lysenin channels were reconstituted in neutral lipid membranes, implicating protein-NP interactions as the major contributor to the reduced transport capabilities. In contrast, no inhibitory effects were observed in the presence of anionic SnO2 NPs. Additionally, we demonstrate that inhibition of ion transport is not due to the dissolution of ZnO NPs and subsequent interactions of zinc ions with lysenin channels. Conclusion We conclude that electrostatic interactions between positively charged ZnO NPs and negative charges within the lysenin channels are responsible for the inhibitory effects on the transport of ions. These interactions point to a potential mechanism of cytotoxicity, which may not require NP internalization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-017-0327-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheenah L Bryant
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Josh E Eixenberger
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Steven Rossland
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Holly Apsley
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Department of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138610, Singapore
| | - Connor Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Nisha Shrestha
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Michael McHugh
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Alex Punnoose
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Daniel Fologea
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA. .,Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
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28
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Zhao J, Guo H, Pang YK, Xi F, Yang ZW, Liu G, Guo T, Dong G, Zhang C, Wang ZL. Flexible Organic Tribotronic Transistor for Pressure and Magnetic Sensing. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11566-11573. [PMID: 29099579 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics has attracted enormous interest in wearable electronics and human-machine interfacing. Here, a flexible organic tribotronic transistor (FOTT) without a top gate electrode has been demonstrated. The FOTT is fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate film using the p-type pentacene and poly(methyl methacrylate)/Cytop composites as the conductive channel and dielectric layer, respectively. The charge carriers can be modulated by the contact electrification between the dielectric layer and a mobile triboelectric layer. Based on the fabricated FOTT, pressure and magnetic sensors have been developed, respectively, that exhibit great sensitivity, fast response time, and excellent stability. The FOTT in this simple structure shows bright potentials of tribotronics in human-machine interaction, electronic skins, wearable electronics, intelligent sensing, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chemistry Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Kun Pang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengben Xi
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wei Yang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chemistry Department, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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29
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A magnetoelectric flux gate: new approach for weak DC magnetic field detection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8592. [PMID: 28819271 PMCID: PMC5561260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic flux gate sensors based on Faraday’s Law of Induction are widely used for DC or extremely low frequency magnetic field detection. Recently, as the fast development of multiferroics and magnetoelectric (ME) composite materials, a new technology based on ME coupling effect is emerging for potential devices application. Here, we report a magnetoelectric flux gate sensor (MEFGS) for weak DC magnetic field detection for the first time, which works on a similar magnetic flux gate principle, but based on ME coupling effect. The proposed MEFGS has a shuttle-shaped configuration made of amorphous FeBSi alloy (Metglas) serving as both magnetic and magnetostrictive cores for producing a closed-loop high-frequency magnetic flux and also a longitudinal vibration, and one pair of embedded piezoelectric PMN-PT fibers ([011]-oriented Pb(Mg,Nb)O3-PbTiO3 single crystal) serving as ME flux gate in a differential mode for detecting magnetic anomaly. In this way, the relative change in output signal of the MEFGS under an applied DC magnetic anomaly of 1 nT was greatly enhanced by a factor of 4 to 5 in comparison with the previous reports. The proposed ME flux gate shows a great potential for magnetic anomaly detections, such as magnetic navigation, magnetic based medical diagnosis, etc.
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30
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Chen JY, Lau YC, Coey JMD, Li M, Wang JP. High Performance MgO-barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Flexible and Wearable Spintronic Applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42001. [PMID: 28150807 PMCID: PMC5288802 DOI: 10.1038/srep42001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) using MgO barrier is one of most important building blocks for spintronic devices and has been widely utilized as miniaturized magentic sensors. It could play an important role in wearable medical devices if they can be fabricated on flexible substrates. The required stringent fabrication processes to obtain high quality MgO-barrier MTJs, however, limit its integration with flexible electronics devices. In this work, we have developed a method to fabricate high-performance MgO-barrier MTJs directly onto ultrathin flexible silicon membrane with a thickness of 14 μm and then transfer-and-bond to plastic substrates. Remarkably, such flexible MTJs are fully functional, exhibiting a TMR ratio as high as 190% under bending radii as small as 5 mm. The devices‘ robustness is manifested by its retained excellent performance and unaltered TMR ratio after over 1000 bending cycles. The demonstrated flexible MgO-barrier MTJs opens the door to integrating high-performance spintronic devices in flexible and wearable electronics devices for a plethora of biomedical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yong-Chang Lau
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J M D Coey
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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31
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Wang Z, Wang X, Li M, Gao Y, Hu Z, Nan T, Liang X, Chen H, Yang J, Cash S, Sun NX. Highly Sensitive Flexible Magnetic Sensor Based on Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9370-9377. [PMID: 27593972 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive flexible magnetic sensor based on the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect is fabricated. A limit of detection of 150 nT is observed and excellent deformation stability is achieved after wrapping of the flexible sensor, with bending radii down to 5 mm. The flexible AMR sensor is used to read a magnetic pattern with a thickness of 10 μm that is formed by ferrite magnetic inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Menghui Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhongqiang Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiang Nan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xianfeng Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Huaihao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Syd Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nian-Xiang Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Cubells-Beltrán MD, Reig C, Madrenas J, De Marcellis A, Santos J, Cardoso S, Freitas PP. Integration of GMR Sensors with Different Technologies. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16060939. [PMID: 27338415 PMCID: PMC4934364 DOI: 10.3390/s16060939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Less than thirty years after the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect was described, GMR sensors are the preferred choice in many applications demanding the measurement of low magnetic fields in small volumes. This rapid deployment from theoretical basis to market and state-of-the-art applications can be explained by the combination of excellent inherent properties with the feasibility of fabrication, allowing the real integration with many other standard technologies. In this paper, we present a review focusing on how this capability of integration has allowed the improvement of the inherent capabilities and, therefore, the range of application of GMR sensors. After briefly describing the phenomenological basis, we deal on the benefits of low temperature deposition techniques regarding the integration of GMR sensors with flexible (plastic) substrates and pre-processed CMOS chips. In this way, the limit of detection can be improved by means of bettering the sensitivity or reducing the noise. We also report on novel fields of application of GMR sensors by the recapitulation of a number of cases of success of their integration with different heterogeneous complementary elements. We finally describe three fully functional systems, two of them in the bio-technology world, as the proof of how the integrability has been instrumental in the meteoric development of GMR sensors and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Càndid Reig
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat de València, Av. Universitat s/n, Burjassot 46100 , Spain.
| | - Jordi Madrenas
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Andrea De Marcellis
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Joana Santos
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal.
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Li H, Zhan Q, Liu Y, Liu L, Yang H, Zuo Z, Shang T, Wang B, Li RW. Stretchable Spin Valve with Stable Magnetic Field Sensitivity by Ribbon-Patterned Periodic Wrinkles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4403-4409. [PMID: 27032033 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A strain-relief structure by combining the strain-engineered periodic wrinkles and the parallel ribbons was employed to fabricate flexible dual spin valves onto PDMS substrates in a direct sputtering method. The strain-relief structure can accommodate the biaxial strain accompanying with stretching operation (the uniaxial applied tensile strain and the induced transverse compressive strain due to the Poisson effect), thus significantly reducing the influence of the residual strain on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) performance. The fabricated GMR dual spin-valve sensor exhibits the nearly unchanged MR ratio of 9.9%, magnetic field sensitivity up to 0.69%/Oe, and zero-field resistance in a wide range of stretching strain, making it promising for applications on a conformal shape or a movement part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghu Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Shang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Baomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
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Zang Y, Zhang F, Huang D, Di CA, Zhu D. Sensitive Flexible Magnetic Sensors using Organic Transistors with Magnetic-Functionalized Suspended Gate Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7979-85. [PMID: 26523840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a magnetic-functionalized suspended gate with combined features of outstanding conductivity, flexibility, and magnetic properties, flexible magnetic sensor based on an organic field-effect transistor (OFET), with a high sensitivity of 115.2% mT(-1) is demonstrated. Gate engineering enables the sensing devices to possess promising applications for flexible touchless switches and spatiallyresolved magnetic-imaging elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Dazhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chong-an Di
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Honda W, Harada S, Ishida S, Arie T, Akita S, Takei K. High-performance, mechanically flexible, and vertically integrated 3D carbon nanotube and InGaZnO complementary circuits with a temperature sensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4674-4680. [PMID: 26177598 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A vertically integrated inorganic-based flexible complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter with a temperature sensor with a high inverter gain of ≈50 and a low power consumption of <7 nW mm(-1) is demonstrated using a layer-by-layer assembly process. In addition, the negligible influence of the mechanical flexibility on the performance of the CMOS inverter and the temperature dependence of the CMOS inverter characteristics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Honda
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shohei Ishida
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arie
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Seiji Akita
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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Karnaushenko D, Ibarlucea B, Lee S, Lin G, Baraban L, Pregl S, Melzer M, Makarov D, Weber WM, Mikolajick T, Schmidt OG, Cuniberti G. Light Weight and Flexible High-Performance Diagnostic Platform. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1517-25. [PMID: 25946521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A flexible diagnostic platform is realized and its performance is demonstrated for early detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H1N1 DNA sequences. The key component of the platform is high-performance biosensors based on high output currents and low power dissipation Si nanowire field effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) fabricated on flexible 100 μm thick polyimide foils. The devices on a polymeric support are about ten times lighter compared to their rigid counterparts on Si wafers and can be prepared on large areas. While the latter potentially allows reducing the fabrication costs per device, the former makes them cost efficient for high-volume delivery to medical institutions in, e.g., developing countries. The flexible devices withstand bending down to a 7.5 mm radius and do not degrade in performance even after 1000 consecutive bending cycles. In addition to these remarkable mechanical properties, on the analytic side, the diagnostic platform allows fast detection of specific DNA sequences of AIV subtype H1N1 with a limit of detection of 40 × 10(-12) m within 30 min suggesting its suitability for early stage disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Sebastian Pregl
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Namlab GmbH; Nöthnitzerstraße 64 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Walter M. Weber
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Namlab GmbH; Nöthnitzerstraße 64 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Mikolajick
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Namlab GmbH; Nöthnitzerstraße 64 01187 Dresden Germany
- Institute for Semiconductors and Microsystems; Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Material Systemsfor Nanoelectronics; Chemnitz University of Technology; Reichenhainer Str. 70 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
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