1
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Shu F, Chen W, Chen Y, Liu G. 2D Atomic-Molecular Heterojunctions toward Brainoid Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400529. [PMID: 39101667 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Brainoid computing using 2D atomic crystals and their heterostructures, by emulating the human brain's remarkable efficiency and minimal energy consumption in information processing, poses a formidable solution to the energy-efficiency and processing speed constraints inherent in the von Neumann architecture. However, conventional 2D material based heterostructures employed in brainoid devices are beset with limitations, performance uniformity, fabrication intricacies, and weak interfacial adhesion, which restrain their broader application. The introduction of novel 2D atomic-molecular heterojunctions (2DAMH), achieved through covalent functionalization of 2D materials with functional molecules, ushers in a new era for brain-like devices by providing both stability and tunability of functionalities. This review chiefly delves into the electronic attributes of 2DAMH derived from the synergy of polymer materials with 2D materials, emphasizing the most recent advancements in their utilization within memristive devices, particularly their potential in replicating the functionality of biological synapses. Despite ongoing challenges pertaining to precision in modification, scalability in production, and the refinement of underlying theories, the proliferation of innovative research is actively pursuing solutions. These endeavors illuminate the vast potential for incorporating 2DAMH within brain-inspired intelligent systems, highlighting the prospect of achieving a more efficient and energy-conserving computing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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2
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Lyu C, Gao Y, Zhou K, Hua M, Shi Z, Liu PN, Huang L, Lin N. On-Surface Self-Assembly Kinetic Study of Cu-Hexaazatriphenylene 2D Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks on Coinage Metals and MoS 2 Substrates. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39031124 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular coordination self-assembly on solid surfaces provides an effective route to form two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In such processes, surface-adsorbate interaction plays a key role in determining the MOFs' structural and chemical properties. Here, we conduct a systematic study of Cu-HAT (HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene) 2D conjugated MOFs (c-MOFs) self-assembled on Cu(111), Au(111), Ag(111), and MoS2 substrates. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we found that the as-formed Cu3HAT2 c-MOFs on the four substrates exhibit distinctive structural features including lattice constant and molecular conformation. The structural variations can be attributed to the differentiated substrate effects on the 2D c-MOFs, including adsorption energy, lattice commensurability, and surface reactivity. Specifically, the framework grown on MoS2 is nearly identical to its free-standing counterpart. This suggests that the 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials are good candidate substrates for building intrinsic 2D MOFs, which hold promise for next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Lyu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Muqing Hua
- Department of Physics, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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3
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Wei X, Nguyen CK, Taylor PD, Krishnamurthi V, Syed N, Le PY, Spencer MJS, Daeneke T, Bao L. Surface chemistry altering electronic behaviour of liquid metal-derived tin oxide nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13551-13561. [PMID: 38949653 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Possessing excellent electronic properties and high chemical stability, semiconducting n-type two-dimensional (2D) tin dioxide (SnO2) nanosheets have been featured in sensing and electrocatalysis applications recently. Derived from non-layered crystal structures, 2D SnO2 has abundant unsaturated dangling bonds existing at the surface, providing interfacial activity. How the surface chemistry alters the electronic properties of 2D SnO2 nanomaterials remains unexplored. In this study, we synthesised ultra-thin 2D SnO2 nanosheets using a liquid metal (LM) touch printing technique and investigated experimentally and theoretically how the interactions of organic solvents composed of alkyl and hydroxyl groups with the surface of LM-derived 2D SnO2 modulate the electronic properties. It was found that alkane solvents can physically absorb onto the SnO2 surface with no impact on the material conductivity. Alcohol-based solvents on the other hand interact with the SnO2 surface via chemical absorptions primarily, in which oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups in the alcohols form bonds with the surface atoms of SnO2. The binding stability is determined by the length and configuration of the hydrocarbon chain in alcohols. As representative long-chain alcohols, 1-octanol and 1-pentanol attach onto the SnO2 surface strongly, lowering the binding energy of Sn4+ and reducing the electron transfer ability of SnO2 nanosheets. Consequently, the electronic properties, i.e. conductivity and electronic mobility of SnO2 nanosheet-based electronic devices are decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wei
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Nitu Syed
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative meta-Optical Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phuong Y Le
- School of Science, RMIT University, Australia
| | - Michelle J S Spencer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, School of Science, RMIT University, Australia
| | | | - Lei Bao
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Australia.
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4
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Kurki L, Oinonen N, Foster AS. Automated Structure Discovery for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11130-11138. [PMID: 38644571 PMCID: PMC11064214 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with a functionalized tip apex reveals the geometric and electronic structures of a sample within the same experiment. However, the complex nature of the signal makes images difficult to interpret and has so far limited most research to planar samples with a known chemical composition. Here, we present automated structure discovery for STM (ASD-STM), a machine learning tool for predicting the atomic structure directly from an STM image, by building upon successful methods for structure discovery in noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). We apply the method on various organic molecules and achieve good accuracy on structure predictions and chemical identification on a qualitative level while highlighting future development requirements for ASD-STM. This method is directly applicable to experimental STM images of organic molecules, making structure discovery available for a wider scanning probe microscopy audience outside of nc-AFM. This work also allows more advanced machine learning methods to be developed for STM structure discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Kurki
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Niko Oinonen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
- Nanolayers
Research Computing Ltd., London N12 0HL, U.K.
| | - Adam S. Foster
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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5
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Brotons-Alcázar I, Terreblanche JS, Giménez-Santamarina S, Gutiérrez-Finol GM, Ryder KS, Forment-Aliaga A, Coronado E. Atomic Force Microscopy beyond Topography: Chemical Sensing of 2D Material Surfaces through Adhesion Measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19711-19719. [PMID: 38567570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Developing new functionalities of two-dimensional materials (2Dms) can be achieved by their chemical modification with a broad spectrum of molecules. This functionalization is commonly studied by using spectroscopies such as Raman, IR, or XPS, but the detection limit is a common problem. In addition, these methods lack detailed spatial resolution and cannot provide information about the homogeneity of the coating. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), on the other hand, allows the study of 2Dms on the nanoscale with excellent lateral resolution. AFM has been extensively used for topographic analysis; however, it is also a powerful tool for evaluating other properties far beyond topography such as mechanical ones. Therefore, herein, we show how AFM adhesion mapping of transition metal chalcogenide 2Dms (i.e., MnPS3 and MoS2) permits a close inspection of the surface chemical properties. Moreover, the analysis of adhesion as relative values allows a simple and robust strategy to distinguish between bare and functionalized layers and significantly improves the reproducibility between measurements. Remarkably, it is also confirmed by statistical analysis that adhesion values do not depend on the thickness of the layers, proving that they are related only to the most superficial part of the materials. In addition, we have implemented an unsupervised classification method using k-means clustering, an artificial intelligence-based algorithm, to automatically classify samples based on adhesion values. These results demonstrate the potential of simple adhesion AFM measurements to inspect the chemical nature of 2Dms and may have implications for the broad scientific community working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Brotons-Alcázar
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jason S Terreblanche
- Center for Sustainable Materials Processing, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K
| | - Silvia Giménez-Santamarina
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Gerliz M Gutiérrez-Finol
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Karl S Ryder
- Center for Sustainable Materials Processing, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K
| | - Alicia Forment-Aliaga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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6
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Xiong S, Wang Y, Yao J, Xu J, Xu M. Exciton Dynamics of TiOPc/WSe 2 Heterostructure. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10249-10258. [PMID: 38529949 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composed of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and organic semiconductors demonstrate numerous compelling optoelectronic properties. However, the influence of the vdW epitaxial effect and temperature on the optoelectronic properties and interface exciton dynamics of heterostructures remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the fluorescence properties of TiOPc/WSe2 heterostructure. Comprehensive spectral characterization elucidates that the emission behavior of the TiOPc/WSe2 heterostructure arises from charge/energy transfer at the heterostructure interfaces and the structural ordering of the organic layer on the 2D monolayer WSe2 induced by vdW epitaxy. The interface exciton dynamic features probed by ultrafast transient spectroscopy reveal that the face-to-face molecular stacking configuration of TiOPc exhibits ultrafast exciton dynamics. In particular, we observe picosecond-scale absorption of organic molecular dimer cations, providing direct evidence of interface charge transfer at room temperature. Moreover, energy transfer from the TiOPc to WSe2 may exist based on the tunability in the fluorescence emission of the TiOPc/WSe2 heterostructure as the temperature changes. This study unveils the critical role of vdW epitaxy and temperature in the exciton dynamics of organic/2D TMDs hybrid systems and provides guidance for studying interlayer charge and energy transfer in organic/inorganic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xiong
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jialong Yao
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Optical Communications Laboratory, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- College of Integrated Circuits, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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7
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Rudayni F, Rijal K, Fuller N, Chan WL. Enthalpy-uphill exciton dissociation in organic/2D heterostructures promotes free carrier generation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:813-821. [PMID: 38018228 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01522j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large binding energy of charge transfer (CT) excitons in type-II organic/2D heterostructures, it has been demonstrated that free carriers can be generated from CT excitons with a long lifetime. Using a model fluorinated zine phthalocyanine (F8ZnPc)/monolayer-WS2 interface, we find that CT excitons can dissociate spontaneously into free carriers despite it being an enthalpy-uphill process. Specifically, it is observed that CT excitons can gain an energy of 250 meV in 50 ps and dissociate into free carriers without any applied electric field. This observation is surprising because excited electrons typically lose energy to the environment and relax to lower energy states. We hypothesize that this abnormal enthalpy-uphill CT exciton dissociation process is driven by entropy gain. Kinetically, the entropic driving force can also reduce the rate for the reverse process - the conversion of free electron-hole pairs back to CT excitons. Hence, this mechanism can potentially explain the very long carrier lifetime observed in organic/2D heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Rudayni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, US.
- Department of Physics, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kushal Rijal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, US.
| | - Neno Fuller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, US.
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, US.
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8
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Muñoz J. Rational Design of Stimuli-Responsive Inorganic 2D Materials via Molecular Engineering: Toward Molecule-Programmable Nanoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305546. [PMID: 37906953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Succeeding graphene, emerging inorganic 2D materials (i2DMs) have been identified as alternative 2D materials to harbor a variety of active molecular components to move the current silicon-based semiconductor technology forward to a post-Moore era focused on molecule-based information processing components. In this regard, i2DMs benefits are not only for their prominent physiochemical properties (e.g., the existence of bandgap), but also for their high surface-to-volume ratio rich in reactive sites. Nonetheless, since this field is still in an early stage, having knowledge of both i) the different strategies for molecularly functionalizing the current library of i2DMs, and ii) the different types of active molecular components is a sine qua non condition for a rational design of stimuli-responsive i2DMs capable of performing logical operations at the molecular level. Consequently, this Review provides a comprehensive tutorial for covalently anchoring ad hoc molecular components-as active units triggered by different external inputs-onto pivotal i2DMs to assess their role in the expanding field of molecule-programmable nanoelectronics for electrically monitoring bistable molecular switches. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of this emerging field which crosses materials chemistry with computation are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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9
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Wang Y, Han B, Mayor M, Samorì P. Opto-Electrochemical Synaptic Memory in Supramolecularly Engineered Janus 2D MoS 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307359. [PMID: 37903551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synapses combining multiple yet independent signal processing strategies in a single device are key enabler to achieve high-density of integration, energy efficiency, and fast data manipulation in brain-like computing. By taming functional complexity, the use of hybrids comprising multiple materials as active components in synaptic devices represents a powerful route to encode both short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in synaptic circuitries. To meet such a grand challenge, herein a novel Janus 2D material is developed by dressing asymmetrically the two surfaces of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) with an electrochemically-switchable ferrocene (Fc)/ ferrocenium (Fc+ ) redox couple and an optically-responsive photochromic azobenzene (Azo). Upon varying the magnitude of the electrochemical stimulus, it is possible to steer the transition between STP and LTP, thereby either triggering electrochemical doping of Fc/Fc+ pair on MoS2 or controlling an adsorption/desorption process of such redox species on MoS2 . In addition, a lower magnitude LTP is recorded by activating the photoisomerization of azobenzene chemisorbed molecules and therefore modulating the dipole-induced doping of the 2D semiconductor. Significantly, the interplay of electrochemical and optical stimuli makes it possible to construct artificial synapses where LTP can be boosted to 4-bit (16 memory states) while simultaneously functioning as STP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Bin Han
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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10
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Roth WJ, Opanasenko M, Mazur M, Gil B, Čejka J, Sasaki T. Current State and Perspectives of Exfoliated Zeolites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307341. [PMID: 37800413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites are highly efficient industrial catalysts and sorbents with microporous framework structures. Approximately 10% of the frameworks, but eventually all in the long run, have produced both 3D crystals and 2D layers. The latter can be intercalated and expanded like all 2D materials but proved difficult to exfoliate directly into suspensions of monolayers in solution as precursors for unique synthetic opportunities. Successful exfoliations have been reported recently and are overviewed in this perspective article. The discussion highlights 3 primary challenges in this field, namely finding suitable 2D zeolite preparations that exfoliate directly in high yield, proving uniform layer thickness in solution and identifying applications to exploit the unique synthetic capabilities and properties of exfoliated zeolite monolayers. Four zeolites have been confirmed to exfoliate directly into monolayers: 3 with known structures-MWW, MFI, and RWR and one unknown, bifer with a unit cell close to ferrierite. The exfoliation into monolayers is confirmed by the combination of 5-6 characterization techniques including AFM, in situ and in-plane XRD, and microscopies. The promising areas of development are oriented films and membranes, intimately mixed zeolite phases, and hierarchical nanoscale composites with other active species like nanoparticles and clusters that are unfeasible by solid state processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw J Roth
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Maksym Opanasenko
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mazur
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Gil
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Takayoshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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11
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Li Z, Chen Z, Shi Z, Zou G, Chu L, Chen XK, Zhang C, So SK, Yip HL. Charge injection engineering at organic/inorganic heterointerfaces for high-efficiency and fast-response perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6441. [PMID: 37833266 PMCID: PMC10575909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced perovskite emitters has considerably improved the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the further development of perovskite LEDs requires ideal device electrical properties, which strongly depend on its interfaces. In perovskite LEDs with conventional p-i-n structures, hole injection is generally less efficient than electron injection, causing charge imbalance. Furthermore, the popular hole injection structure of NiOx/poly(9-vinylcarbazole) suffers from several issues, such as weak interfacial adhesion, high interfacial trap density and mismatched energy levels. In this work, we insert a self-assembled monolayer of [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid between the NiOx and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) layers to overcome these challenges at the organic/inorganic heterointerfaces by establishing a robust interface, passivating interfacial trap states and aligning the energy levels. We successfully demonstrate blue (emission at 493 nm) and green (emission at 515 nm) devices with external quantum efficiencies of 14.5% and 26.0%, respectively. More importantly, the self-assembled monolayer also gives rise to devices with much faster response speeds by reducing interfacial capacitance and resistance. Our results pave the way for developing more efficient and brighter perovskite LEDs with quick response, widening their potential application scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Electronic Components, Guangdong Fenghua Advanced Technology Holding Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526020, China
| | - Ziming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Zhangsheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guangruixing Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Linghao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Chujun Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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12
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Han B, Gali SM, Dai S, Beljonne D, Samorì P. Isomer Discrimination via Defect Engineering in Monolayer MoS 2. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17956-17965. [PMID: 37704191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The all-surface nature of two-dimensional (2D) materials renders them highly sensitive to environmental changes, enabling the on-demand tailoring of their physical properties. Transition metal dichalcogenides, such as 2H molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), can be used as a sensory material capable of discriminating molecules possessing a similar structure with a high sensitivity. Among them, the identification of isomers represents an unexplored and challenging case. Here, we demonstrate that chemical functionalization of defect-engineered monolayer MoS2 enables isomer discrimination via a field-effect transistor readout. A multiscale characterization comprising X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electrical measurement corroborated by theoretical calculations revealed that monolayer MoS2 exhibits exceptional sensitivity to the differences in the dipolar nature of molecules arising from their chemical structure such as the one in difluorobenzenethiol isomers, allowing their precise recognition. Our findings underscore the potential of 2D materials for molecular discrimination purposes, in particular for the identification of complex isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sai Manoj Gali
- Université de Mons, Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Place du Parc 20, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Shuting Dai
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Université de Mons, Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Place du Parc 20, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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13
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Lukianov MY, Rubekina AA, Bondareva JV, Sybachin AV, Diudbin GD, Maslakov KI, Kvashnin DG, Klimova-Korsmik OG, Shirshin EA, Evlashin SA. Photoluminescence of Two-Dimensional MoS 2 Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1982. [PMID: 37446499 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Extraordinary properties of two-dimensional materials make them attractive for applications in different fields. One of the prospective niches is optical applications, where such types of materials demonstrate extremely sensitive performance and can be used for labeling. However, the optical properties of liquid-exfoliated 2D materials need to be analyzed. The purpose of this work is to study the absorption and luminescent properties of MoS2 exfoliated in the presence of sodium cholate, which is the most often used surfactant. Ultrasound bath and mixer-assisted exfoliation in water and dimethyl sulfoxide were used. The best quality of MoS2 nanosheets was achieved using shear-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation as a production method and sodium cholate (SC) as a surfactant. The photoluminescent properties of MoS2 nanosheets varied slightly when changing the surfactant concentrations in the range C(SC) = 0.5-2.5 mg/mL. This work is of high practical importance for further enhancement of MoS2 photoluminescent properties via chemical functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna A Rubekina
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V Sybachin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - George D Diudbin
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry G Kvashnin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga G Klimova-Korsmik
- World-Class Research Center "Advanced Digital Technologies", State Marine Technical University, 190121 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Abad J, Martínez JI, Gómez P, Más-Montoya M, Rodríguez L, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Martín-Gago JA, Curiel D, Méndez J. Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly Driven by Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Benzodi-7-azaindole Molecules on Au(111). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:11591-11599. [PMID: 37377501 PMCID: PMC10291637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The control of molecular structures at the nanoscale plays a critical role in the development of materials and applications. The adsorption of a polyheteroaromatic molecule with hydrogen bond donor and acceptor sites integrated in the conjugated structure itself, namely, benzodi-7-azaindole (BDAI), has been studied on Au(111). Intermolecular hydrogen bonding determines the formation of highly organized linear structures where surface chirality, resulting from the 2D confinement of the centrosymmetric molecules, is observed. Moreover, the structural features of the BDAI molecule lead to the formation of two differentiated arrangements with extended brick-wall and herringbone packing. A comprehensive experimental study that combines scanning tunneling microscopy, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and density functional theory theoretical calculations has been performed to fully characterize the 2D hydrogen-bonded domains and the on-surface thermal stability of the physisorbed material.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Abad
- Applied
Physics Department, Technical University
of Cartagena, c/ Dr. Fleming s/n, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - José I. Martínez
- Department
of Low Dimensional Systems, Institute of
Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Gómez
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Más-Montoya
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez
- Department
of Low Dimensional Systems, Institute of
Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM,
Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | | | | | - José A. Martín-Gago
- Department
of Low Dimensional Systems, Institute of
Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Curiel
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Méndez
- Department
of Low Dimensional Systems, Institute of
Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Dreher M, Dombrowski PM, Tripp MW, Münster N, Koert U, Witte G. Shape control in 2D molecular nanosheets by tuning anisotropic intermolecular interactions and assembly kinetics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1554. [PMID: 36944658 PMCID: PMC10030871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since molecular materials often decompose upon exposure to radiation, lithographic patterning techniques established for inorganic materials are usually not applicable for the fabrication of organic nanostructures. Instead, molecular self-organisation must be utilised to achieve bottom-up growth of desired structures. Here, we demonstrate control over the mesoscopic shape of 2D molecular nanosheets without affecting their nanoscopic molecular packing motif, using molecules that do not form lateral covalent bonds. We show that anisotropic attractive Coulomb forces between partially fluorinated pentacenes lead to the growth of distinctly elongated nanosheets and that the direction of elongation differs between nanosheets that were grown and ones that were fabricated by partial desorption of a complete molecular monolayer. Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we show that lateral intermolecular interactions alone are sufficient to rationalise the different kinetics of structure formation during nanosheet growth and desorption, without inclusion of interactions between the molecules and the supporting MoS2 substrate. By comparison of the behaviour of differently fluorinated molecules, experimentally and computationally, we can identify properties of molecules with regard to interactions and molecular packing motifs that are required for an effective utilisation of the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Dreher
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Niels Münster
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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16
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Zhang L, Zhou F, Zhang X, Yang S, Wen B, Yan H, Yildirim T, Song X, Yang Q, Tian M, Wan N, Song H, Pei J, Qin S, Zhu J, Wageh S, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Sehemi AG, Shen H, Liu Y, Zhang H. Discovery of Type II Interlayer Trions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206212. [PMID: 36373507 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In terms of interlayer trions, electronic excitations in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) can be classified into Type I (i.e., two identical charges in the same layer) and Type II (i.e., two identical charges in the different layers). Type I interlayer trions are investigated theoretically and experimentally. By contrast, Type II interlayer trions remain elusive in vdWHs, due to inadequate free charges, unsuitable band alignment, reduced Coulomb interactions, poor interface quality, etc. Here, the first observation of Type II interlayer trions is reported by exploring band alignments and choosing an atomically thin organic-inorganic system-monolayer WSe2 /bilayer pentacene heterostructure (1L + 2L HS). Both positive and negative Type II interlayer trions are electrically tuned and observed via PL spectroscopy. In particular, Type II interlayer trions exhibit in-plane anisotropic emission, possibly caused by their unique spatial structure and anisotropic charge interactions, which is highly correlated with the transition dipole moment of pentacene. The results pave the way to develop excitonic devices and all-optical circuits using atomically thin organic-inorganic bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Zhang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shunshun Yang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Tanju Yildirim
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator (CFSN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xiaoying Song
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Intstitue of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ming Tian
- SEU-FEI Nano Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Neng Wan
- SEU-FEI Nano Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hucheng Song
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiajie Pei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Shuchao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Intstitue of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - S Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Youwen Liu
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Intstitue of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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17
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Thompson JJP, Lumsargis V, Feierabend M, Zhao Q, Wang K, Dou L, Huang L, Malic E. Interlayer exciton landscape in WS 2/tetracene heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1730-1738. [PMID: 36594632 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The vertical stacking of two-dimensional materials into heterostructures gives rise to a plethora of intriguing optoelectronic properties and presents an unprecedented potential for technological development. While much progress has been made combining different monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), little is known about TMD-based heterostructures including organic layers of molecules. Here, we present a joint theory-experiment study on a TMD/tetracene heterostructure demonstrating clear signatures of spatially separated interlayer excitons in low temperature photoluminescence spectra. Here, the Coulomb-bound electrons and holes are localized either in the TMD or in the molecule layer, respectively. We reveal both in theory and experiment signatures of the entire intra- and interlayer exciton landscape in the photoluminescence spectra. In particular, we find both in theory and experiment a pronounced transfer of intensity from the intralayer TMD exciton to a series of energetically lower interlayer excitons with decreasing temperature. In addition, we find signatures of phonon-sidebands stemming from these interlayer exciton states. Our findings shed light on the microscopic nature of interlayer excitons in TMD/molecule heterostructures and could have important implications for technological applications of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J P Thompson
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Victoria Lumsargis
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Maja Feierabend
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Quichen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Ermin Malic
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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2D Materials towards sensing technology: From fundamentals to applications. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Ding J, Fu S, Hu K, Zhang G, Liu M, Zhang X, Wang R, Qiu X. Efficient Hot Electron Capture in CuPc/MoSe 2 Heterostructure Assisted by Intersystem Crossing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8463-8469. [PMID: 36301844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient hot electron extraction is a promising approach to develop photovoltaic devices that exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit. However, experimental evidence of hot electron harvesting employing an organic-inorganic interface is still elusive. Here, we reveal the hot electron dynamics at a CuPc/MoSe2 interface using steady-state spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy. A hot electron transfer efficiency of greater than 78% from MoSe2 to CuPc is observed, comparable to that achieved in quantum dot hybrid systems. The mechanism is proposed as follows: the photogenerated hot electrons in MoSe2 transfer to CuPc and form singlet charge transfer states, which subsequently transform into triplet charge transfer states assisted by the rapid intersystem crossing, inhibiting back-donation of electrons and facilitating exciton dissociation into CuPc polarons with a nanosecond lifetime. Our results demonstrate that the intersystem crossing of the hybrid electronic state at organic-inorganic interfaces may serve as a scheme to enable efficient hot electron extraction in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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20
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Muñoz J, Palacios-Corella M, Gómez IJ, Zajíčková L, Pumera M. Synthetic Nanoarchitectonics of Functional Organic-Inorganic 2D Germanane Heterostructures via Click Chemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206382. [PMID: 36113982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Succeeding graphene, 2D inorganic materials made of reactive van der Waals layers, like 2D germanane (2D-Ge) derivatives, have attracted great attention because their physicochemical characteristics can be entirely tuned by modulating the nature of the surface substituent. Although very interesting from a scientific point of view, almost all the reported works involving 2D-Ge derivatives are focused on computational studies. Herein, a first prototype of organic-inorganic 2D-Ge heterostructure has been synthesized by covalently anchoring thiol-rich carbon dots (CD-SH) onto 2D allyl germanane (2D-aGe) via a simple and green "one-pot" click chemistry approach. Remarkably, the implanted characteristics of the carbon nanomaterial provide new physicochemical features to the resulting 0D/2D heterostructure, making possible its implementation in yet unexplored optoelectronic tasks-e.g., as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensing system triggered by supramolecular π-π interactions-that are inaccessible for the pristine 2D-aGe counterpart. Consequently, this work builds a foundation toward the robust achievement of functional organic-inorganic 2D-Ge nanoarchitectonics through covalently assembling thiol-rich carbon nanoallotropes on commercially available 2D-aGe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Palacios-Corella
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - I Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
- Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zajíčková
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
- Plasma Technologies, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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21
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Oswald J, Beretta D, Stiefel M, Furrer R, Romio A, Mansour MD, Vuillaume D, Calame M. Charge Transport Across Au-P3HT-Graphene van der Waals Vertical Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48240-48249. [PMID: 36239396 PMCID: PMC9614726 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid van der Waals heterostructures based on 2D materials and/or organic thin films are being evaluated as potential functional devices for a variety of applications. In this context, the graphene/organic semiconductor (Gr/OSC) heterostructure could represent the core element to build future vertical organic transistors based on two back-to-back Gr/OSC diodes sharing a common graphene sheet, which functions as the base electrode. However, the assessment of the Gr/OSC potential still requires a deeper understanding of the charge carrier transport across the interface as well as the development of wafer-scale fabrication methods. This work investigates the charge injection and transport across Au/OSC/Gr vertical heterostructures, focusing on poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) as the OSC, where the PMMA-free graphene layer functions as the top electrode. The structures are fabricated using a combination of processes widely exploited in semiconductor manufacturing and therefore are suited for industrial upscaling. Temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements and impedance spectroscopy show that the charge transport across both device interfaces is injection-limited by thermionic emission at high bias, while it is space charge limited at low bias, and that the P3HT can be assumed fully depleted in the high bias regime. From the space charge limited model, the out-of-plane charge carrier mobility in P3HT is found to be equal to μ ≈ 2.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, similar to the in-plane mobility reported in previous works, while the charge carrier density is N0 ≈ 1.16 × 1015 cm-3, also in agreement with previously reported values. From the thermionic emission model, the energy barriers at the Gr/P3HT and Au/P3HT interfaces result in 0.30 eV and 0.25 eV, respectively. Based on the measured barriers heights, the energy band diagram of the vertical heterostructure is proposed under the hypothesis that P3HT is fully depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Oswald
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Davide Beretta
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Roman Furrer
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Romio
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Michel Daher Mansour
- Institute
of Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeneuve d’Ascq59652, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute
of Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeneuve d’Ascq59652, France
| | - Michel Calame
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
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22
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Markeev PA, Najafidehaghani E, Samu GF, Sarosi K, Kalkan SB, Gan Z, George A, Reisner V, Mogyorosi K, Chikan V, Nickel B, Turchanin A, de Jong MP. Exciton Dynamics in MoS 2-Pentacene and WSe 2-Pentacene Heterojunctions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16668-16676. [PMID: 36178781 PMCID: PMC9620401 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We measured the exciton dynamics in van der Waals heterojunctions of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and organic semiconductors (OSs). TMDCs and OSs are semiconducting materials with rich and highly diverse optical and electronic properties. Their heterostructures, exhibiting van der Waals bonding at their interfaces, can be utilized in the field of optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Two types of heterojunctions, MoS2-pentacene and WSe2-pentacene, were prepared by layer transfer of 20 nm pentacene thin films as well as MoS2 and WSe2 monolayer crystals onto Au surfaces. The samples were studied by means of transient absorption spectroscopy in the reflectance mode. We found that A-exciton decay by hole transfer from MoS2 to pentacene occurs with a characteristic time of 21 ± 3 ps. This is slow compared to previously reported hole transfer times of 6.7 ps in MoS2-pentacene junctions formed by vapor deposition of pentacene molecules onto MoS2 on SiO2. The B-exciton decay in WSe2 shows faster hole transfer rates for WSe2-pentacene heterojunctions, with a characteristic time of 7 ± 1 ps. The A-exciton in WSe2 also decays faster due to the presence of a pentacene overlayer; however, fitting the decay traces did not allow for the unambiguous assignment of the associated decay time. Our work provides important insights into excitonic dynamics in the growing field of TMDC-OS heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Markeev
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AEEnschede, The Netherlands
| | - Emad Najafidehaghani
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743Jena, Germany
| | - Gergely F. Samu
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner 3, SzegedH-6728, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Sarosi
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner 3, SzegedH-6728, Hungary
| | - Sirri Batuhan Kalkan
- Faculty
of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539Munich, Germany
| | - Ziyang Gan
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743Jena, Germany
| | - Antony George
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743Jena, Germany
| | - Veronika Reisner
- Faculty
of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539Munich, Germany
| | - Karoly Mogyorosi
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner 3, SzegedH-6728, Hungary
| | - Viktor Chikan
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner 3, SzegedH-6728, Hungary
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas66506-0401, United States
| | - Bert Nickel
- Faculty
of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743Jena, Germany
| | - Michel P. de Jong
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AEEnschede, The Netherlands
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23
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Zhao K, He D, Fu S, Bai Z, Miao Q, Huang M, Wang Y, Zhang X. Interfacial Coupling and Modulation of van der Waals Heterostructures for Nanodevices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3418. [PMID: 36234543 PMCID: PMC9565824 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) of two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research interest. By stacking various 2D materials together to form vdWHs, it is interesting to see that new and fascinating properties are formed beyond single 2D materials; thus, 2D heterostructures-based nanodevices, especially for potential optoelectronic applications, were successfully constructed in the past few decades. With the dramatically increased demand for well-controlled heterostructures for nanodevices with desired performance in recent years, various interfacial modulation methods have been carried out to regulate the interfacial coupling of such heterostructures. Here, the research progress in the study of interfacial coupling of vdWHs (investigated by Photoluminescence, Raman, and Pump-probe spectroscopies as well as other techniques), the modulation of interfacial coupling by applying various external fields (including electrical, optical, mechanical fields), as well as the related applications for future electrics and optoelectronics, have been briefly reviewed. By summarizing the recent progress, discussing the recent advances, and looking forward to future trends and existing challenges, this review is aimed at providing an overall picture of the importance of interfacial modulation in vdWHs for possible strategies to optimize the device's performance.
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24
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Dong Z, Wu X, Cai DK, Mao Q, Huang KJ, Wang L, Xu J. Interlayer-expanded MoS2@C hollow nanorods for enhanced sodium storage. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Lei Y, Huang JF, Li XA, Lv CY, Hou CP, Liu JM. Direct Z-scheme photochemical hybrid systems: Loading porphyrin-based metal-organic cages on graphitic-C3N4 to dramatically enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Melani G, Guerrero-Felipe JP, Valencia AM, Krumland J, Cocchi C, Iannuzzi M. Donors, acceptors, and a bit of aromatics: electronic interactions of molecular adsorbates on hBN and MoS 2 monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16671-16679. [PMID: 35766517 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of low-dimensional organic-inorganic interfaces for the next generation of opto-electronic applications requires in-depth understanding of the microscopic mechanisms ruling electronic interactions in these systems. In this work, we present a first-principles study based on density-functional theory inspecting the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of five molecular donors and acceptors adsorbed on freestanding hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers. All considered interfaces are stable, due to the crucial contribution of dispersion interactions, which are maximized by the overall flat arrangement of the physisorbed molecules on both substrates. The level alignment of the hybrid systems depends on the characteristics of the constituents. On hBN, both type-I and type-II interfaces may form, depending on the relative energies of the frontier orbitals with respect to the vacuum level. On the other hand, all MoS2-based hybrid systems exhibit a type-II level alignment, with the molecular frontier orbitals positioned across the energy gap of the semiconductor. The electronic structure of the hybrid materials is further determined by the formation of interfacial dipole moments and by the wave-function hybridization between the organic and inorganic constituents. These results provide important indications for the design of novel low-dimensional hybrid materials with suitable characteristics for opto-electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Melani
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland. .,Present Address: Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Guerrero-Felipe
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlesrshof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana M Valencia
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlesrshof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzy Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlesrshof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlesrshof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzy Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Reed-Lingenfelter SN, Chen Y, Yarali M, Charboneau DJ, Curley JB, Hynek DJ, Wang M, Williams NL, Hazari N, Quek SY, Cha JJ. Compact Super Electron-Donor to Monolayer MoS 2. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4501-4508. [PMID: 35609247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface functionalization of two-dimensional (2D) materials with organic electron donors (OEDs) is a powerful tool to modulate the electronic properties of the material. Here we report a novel molecular dopant, Me-OED, that demonstrates record-breaking molecular doping to MoS2, achieving a carrier density of 1.10 ± 0.37 × 1014 cm-2 at optimal functionalization conditions; the achieved carrier density is much higher than those by other OEDs such as benzyl viologen and an OED based on 4,4'-bipyridine. This impressive doping power is attributed to the compact size of Me-OED, which leads to high surface coverage on MoS2. To confirm, we study tBu-OED, which has an identical reduction potential to Me-OED but is significantly larger. Using field-effect transistor measurements and spectroscopic characterization, we estimate the doping powers of Me- and tBu-OED are 0.22-0.44 and 0.11 electrons per molecule, respectively, in good agreement with calculations. Our results demonstrate that the small size of Me-OED is critical to maximizing the surface coverage and molecular interactions with MoS2, enabling us to achieve unprecedented doping of MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serrae N Reed-Lingenfelter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Milad Yarali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - David J Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Julia B Curley
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - David J Hynek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Mengjing Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Natalie L Williams
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546, Singapore
| | - Judy J Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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28
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Chen Z, Duan S, Zhang X, Geng B, Xiao Y, Jie J, Dong H, Li L, Hu W. Organic Semiconductor Crystal Engineering for High-Resolution Layer-Controlled 2D Crystal Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104166. [PMID: 34416051 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D organic semiconductor crystals (2DOSCs) have extraordinary charge transport capability, adjustable photoelectric properties, and superior flexibility, and have stimulated continuous research interest for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications. The prerequisite for achieving large-area and high-throughput optoelectronic device integration is to fabricate high-resolution 2DOSC arrays. Patterned substrate- and template-assisted self-assembly is an effective strategy to fabricate OSC arrays. However, the film thickness is difficult to control due to the complicated crystallization process during solvent evaporation. Therefore, the manufacturing of 2DOSC arrays with high-resolution and controllable molecular-layer numbers through solution-based patterning methods remains a challenge. Herein, a two-step strategy to produce high-resolution layer-controlled 2DOSC arrays is reported. First, large-scale 2DOSCs with well-defined layer numbers are obtained by a solution-processed organic semiconductor crystal engineering method. Next, the high-resolution layer-controlled 2DOSC arrays are fabricated by a polydimethylsiloxane mold-assisted selective contact evaporation printing technique. The organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on 2DOSC arrays have high electrical performance and excellent uniformity. The 2,6-bis(4-hexylphenyl)anthracene 2DOSC arrays-based OFETs have a small variation of 12.5% in mobility. This strategy can be applied to various organic semiconductors and pattern arrays. These demonstrations will offer more opportunities for 2DOSCs for integrated optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuming Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bowen Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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29
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Ni X, Li H, Brédas JL. Organic self-assembled monolayers on superconducting NbSe 2: interfacial electronic structure and energetics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:294003. [PMID: 35483349 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6b75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been widely used to modify the work function of metal and metal-oxide surfaces, their application to tune the critical temperature of a superconductor has only been considered recently when SAMs were deposited on NbSe2monolayers (Calavalle et al 2021Nano Lett.21136-143). Here, we describe the results of density functional theory calculations performed on the experimentally reported organic/NbSe2systems. Our objectives are: (i) to determine how the organic layers impact the NbSe2work function and electronic density of states; (ii) to understand the possible correlation with the experimental variations in superconducting behavior upon SAM deposition. We find that, upon adsorption of the organic monolayers, the work-function modulation induced by the SAM and interface dipoles is consistent with the experimental results. However, there occurs no significant difference in the electronic density of states near the Fermi level, a consequence of the absence of any charge transfer across the organic/NbSe2interfaces. Therefore, our results indicate that it is not a SAM-induced tuning of the NbSe2density of states near the Fermi level that leads to the tuning of the superconducting critical temperature. This calls for further explorations, both experimentally and theoretically, of the mechanism underlying the superconducting critical temperature variation upon formation of SAM/NbSe2interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0088, United States of America
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0088, United States of America
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0088, United States of America
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30
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Jo J, Calavalle F, Martín-García B, Tezze D, Casanova F, Chuvilin A, Hueso LE, Gobbi M. Exchange Bias in Molecule/Fe 3 GeTe 2 van der Waals Heterostructures via Spinterface Effects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200474. [PMID: 35334502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exfoliation of layered magnetic materials generates atomically thin flakes characterized by an ultrahigh surface sensitivity, which makes their magnetic properties tunable via external stimuli, such as electrostatic gating and proximity effects. Another powerful approach to engineer magnetic materials is molecular functionalization, generating hybrid interfaces with tailored magnetic interactions, called spinterfaces. However, spinterface effects have not yet been explored on layered magnetic materials. Here, the emergence of spinterface effects is demonstrated at the interface between flakes of the prototypical layered magnetic metal Fe3 GeTe2 and thin films of Co-phthalocyanine. Magnetotransport measurements show that the molecular layer induces a magnetic exchange bias in Fe3 GeTe2 , indicating that the unpaired spins in Co-phthalocyanine develop antiferromagnetic ordering and pin the magnetization reversal of Fe3 GeTe2 via magnetic proximity. The effect is strongest for a Fe3 GeTe2 thickness of 20 nm, for which the exchange bias field reaches -840 Oe at 10 K and is measurable up to ≈110 K. This value compares very favorably with previous exchange bias fields reported for Fe3 GeTe2 in all-inorganic van der Waals heterostructures, demonstrating the potential of molecular functionalization to tailor the magnetism of van der Waals layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeon Jo
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Tezze
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
| | - Marco Gobbi
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country, 48013, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián/Donostia, 20018, Spain
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31
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Kong Y, Obaidulla SM, Habib MR, Wang Z, Wang R, Khan Y, Zhu H, Xu M, Yang D. Interlayer exciton emission in a MoS 2/VOPc inorganic/organic van der Waals heterostructure. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1253-1263. [PMID: 35099485 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures built from two-dimensional (2D) materials and organic semiconductors offer a unique platform for addressing many fundamental physics and construction of functional devices by taking advantage of both the 2D materials and organic semiconductors. We report interlayer exciton emission in the near infrared range around 1.54 eV (∼805 nm) from the heterostructure of pyramidal VOPc (p-type) and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer MoS2 (VOPc/MoS2). This contrasts the observation of photoluminescence (PL) from the SnCl2Pc/MoS2 heterostructure despite both being type-II heterostructures. We attribute the exciton emission to the carrier transition from the generated interface mid-gap states of VOPc to the ground states of MoS2 in the heterostructure system as predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the observed PL signal of the VOPc/MoS2 heterostructure shows blue shift, while the PL peak of the SnCl2Pc/MoS2 heterostructure shows red shift. Our finding opens up a new avenue to tune the optoelectronic properties of the van der Waals heterojunctions consisting of 2D materials and organic semiconductors for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Kong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Sk Md Obaidulla
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mohammad Rezwan Habib
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Zukun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- ZJU Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr, Adv Semicond Res Inst, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Yahya Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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32
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Liu K, Liu L, Zhai T. Emerging Two-Dimensional Inorganic Molecular Crystals: The Concept and Beyond. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2173-2179. [PMID: 35230116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The concept of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic molecular crystals (IMCs) was first introduced by Zhai and coauthors in 2019. In contrast to the layered structures of graphene-like 2D materials, 2D IMCs consist of tiny inorganic molecules bonded together through all-around van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Their structural peculiarities lead to some special behaviors and appealing properties in their synthesis and applications. In this Perspective, we first introduce the concept of 2D IMCs and present the very first synthesis of 2D IMCs using a surface-passivated growth approach. The special intermolecular effects between the inorganic molecules are also summarized. In addition, because of its molecular structure, a vdW film of IMCs can be facilely fabricated, which exhibits appealing potential in integrated 2D devices. More importantly, we give a general outlook for the further development of 2D IMCs with the goal of attracting more attention to this emerging research frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
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33
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Steeno R, Minoia A, Lazzaroni R, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Host-guest chemistry under confinement: peeking at early self-assembly events. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3138-3141. [PMID: 35171159 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscopic lateral confinement created on a graphite surface enabled the study of embryonic stages of molecular self-assembly on solid surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy performed at the solution/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Steeno
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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34
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Yun TK, Lee Y, Kim MJ, Park J, Kang D, Kim S, Choi YJ, Yi Y, Shong B, Cho JH, Kim K. Commensurate Assembly of C 60 on Black Phosphorus for Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105916. [PMID: 35018707 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D crystals can serve as templates for the realization of new van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures via controlled assembly of low-dimensional functional components. Among available 2D crystals, black phosphorus (BP) is unique due to its puckered atomic surface topography, which may lead to strong epitaxial phenomena through guided vdW assembly. Here, it is demonstrated that a BP template can induce highly oriented assembly of C60 molecular crystals. Transmission electron microscopy and theoretical analysis of the C60 /BP vdW heterostructure clearly confirm that the BP template results in oriented C60 assembly with higher-order commensurism. Lateral and vertical devices with C60 /BP junctions are fabricated via a lithography-free clean process, which allows one to investigate the ideal electrical properties of pristine C60 /BP junctions. Effective tuning of the C60 /BP junction barrier from 0.2 to 0.5 eV and maximum on-current density higher than 104 mA cm-2 are achieved with graphite/C60 /BP vertical vdW transistors. Due to the formation of high-quality C60 film and the semitransparent graphite top-electrode, the vertical transistors show high photoresponsivities up to ≈100 A W-1 as well as a fast response time under visible light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Yun
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yangjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
| | - Donghee Kang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Bonggeun Shong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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35
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Wei Y, Xue D, Ji L, Lu J, Wang Q, Jiang X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Huang L, Chi L. Growth behavior of rubrene thin films on hexagonal boron nitride in the early stage. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Di Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lianlian Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jie Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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36
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Matsuyama K, Aoki R, Miura K, Fukui A, Togawa Y, Yoshimura T, Fujimura N, Kiriya D. Metallic Transport in Monolayer and Multilayer Molybdenum Disulfides by Molecular Surface Charge Transfer Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8163-8170. [PMID: 35107263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carrier modulation in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of importance for applying electronic devices to tune their transport properties and controlling phases, including metallic to superconductivity. Although the surface charge transfer doping method has shown a strong modulation ability of the electronic structures in TMDCs and a degenerately doped state has been proposed, the details of the electronic states have not been elucidated, and this transport behavior should show a considerable thickness dependence in TMDCs. In this study, we characterize the metallic transport behavior in the monolayer and multilayer MoS2 under surface charge transfer doping with a strong electron dopant, benzyl viologen (BV) molecules. The metallic behavior transforms to an insulative state under a negative gate voltage. Consequently, metal-insulator transition (MIT) was observed in both monolayer and multilayer MoS2 correlating with the critical conductivity of order e2/h. In the multilayer case, the BV molecules strongly modulated the topmost surface layer in the bulk MoS2; the transfer characteristics suggested a crossover from a heterogeneously doped state with a doped topmost layer to doping in the deep layers caused by the variation in the gate voltage. The findings of this work will be useful for understanding the device characteristics of thin-layered materials and for applying them to the controlling phases via carrier modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Matsuyama
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryuya Aoki
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Miura
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akito Fukui
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Togawa
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshimura
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Norifumi Fujimura
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kiriya
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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37
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Lien-Medrano CR, Bonafé FP, Yam CY, Palma CA, Sánchez CG, Frauenheim T. Fano Resonance and Incoherent Interlayer Excitons in Molecular van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:911-917. [PMID: 35040646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex van der Waals heterostructures from layered molecular stacks are promising optoelectronic materials offering the means to efficient, modular charge separation and collection layers. The effect of stacking in the electrodynamics of such hybrid organic-inorganic two-dimensional materials remains largely unexplored, whereby molecular scale engineering could lead to advanced optical phenomena. For instance, tunable Fano engineering could make possible on-demand transparent conducting layers or photoactive elements, and passive cooling. We employ an adapted Gersten-Nitzan model and real time time-dependent density functional tight-binding to study the optoelectronics of self-assembled monolayers on graphene nanoribbons. We find Fano resonances that cause electromagnetic induced opacity and transparency and reveal an additional incoherent process leading to interlayer exciton formation with a characteristic charge transfer rate. These results showcase hybrid van der Waals heterostructures as paradigmatic 2D optoelectronic stacks, featuring tunable Fano optics and unconventional charge transfer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Lien-Medrano
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Franco P Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Chi Yung Yam
- Shenzen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zur Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Cristián G Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5502JMA, Argentina
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Shenzen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, 100193 Beijing, P. R. China
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38
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Kim YJ, Seo TH, Kim YH, Suh EK, Bae S, Hwang JY, Kim J, Kang Y, Kim MJ, Ahn S. Two-Dimensional Stacked Composites of Self-Assembled Alkane Layers and Graphene for Transparent Gas Barrier Films with Low Permeability. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:286-293. [PMID: 34978186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled alkane layers are introduced between graphene layers to physically block nanometer size defects in graphene and lateral gas pathways between graphene layers. A well-defined hexatriacontane (HTC) monolayer on graphene could cover nanometer-size defects because of the flexible nature and strong intermolecular van der Waals interactions of alkane, despite the roughness of graphene. In addition, HTC multilayers between graphene layers greatly improve their adhesion. This indicates that HTC multilayers between graphene layers can effectively block the lateral pathway between graphene layers by filling open space with close-packed self-assembled alkanes. By these mechanisms, alternately stacked composites of graphene and self-assembled alkane layers greatly increase the gas-barrier property to a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as low as 1.2 × 10-3 g/(m2 day), whereas stacked graphene layers generally show a WVTR < 0.5 g/(m2 day). Furthermore, the self-assembled alkane layers have superior crystallinity and wide bandgap, so they have little effect on the transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Green Energy & Nano Technology R&D group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hui Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sukang Bae
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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39
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Montes-García V, Samorì P. Janus 2D materials via asymmetric molecular functionalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:315-328. [PMID: 35126966 PMCID: PMC8729797 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05836c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus two-dimensional materials (2DMs) are a novel class of 2DMs in which the two faces of the material are either asymmetrically functionalized or are exposed to a different local environment. The diversity of the properties imparted to the two opposing sides enables the design of new multifunctional materials for applications in a broad variety of fields including opto-electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. In this perspective, we summarize the most enlightening experimental methods for the asymmetric chemical functionalization of 2DMs with tailored made (macro)molecules by means of a supratopic binding (one side) or antaratopic binding (two sides) process. We describe the emergence of unique electrical and optical characteristics resulting from the asymmetric dressing of the two surfaces. Representative examples of Janus 2DMs towards bandgap engineering, enhanced photoresponse and photoluminescence are provided. In addition, examples of Janus 2DMs for real applications such as energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and generation (photovoltaics), opto-electronics (field-effect transistors and photodetectors), catalysis, drug delivery, self-healing materials, chemical sensors and selective capture and separation of small molecules are also described. Finally, we discuss the future directions, challenges, and opportunities to expand the frontiers of Janus 2DMs towards technologies with potential impact in environmental science and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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40
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Hou CP, Chen XL, Huang ZJ, Lei Y, Xiao LM, Huang JF, Li SY, Liu JM. Robust Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Promotion: Immobilization of a Fluorescein Dye-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Cage on TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57230-57240. [PMID: 34841847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of artificial photocatalytic devices that simulates the ingenious and efficient photosynthetic systems in nature is promising. Herein, a metal-organic cage [Pd6(NPyCzPF)12]12+ (MOC-PC6) integrating 12 organic ligands NPyCzBP and 6 Pd2+ catalytic centers is designed, which is well defined to include organic dye fluorescein (FL) for constructing a supramolecular photochemical molecular device (SPMD) FL@MOC-PC6. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between MOC-PC6 and the encapsulated FL has been observed by steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. FL@MOC-PC6 is successfully heterogenized with TiO2 by a facile sol-gel method to achieve a robust heterogeneous FL@MOC-PC6-TiO2. The close proximity between the Pd2+ catalytic site and FL included in the cage enables PET from the photoexcited FL to Pd2+ sites through a powerful intramolecular pathway. The photocatalytic hydrogen production assessments of the optimized 4 wt % FL@MOC-PC6-TiO2 demonstrate an initial H2 production rate of 2402 μmol g-1 h-1 and a turnover number of 4356 within 40 h, enhanced by 15-fold over that of a homogeneous FL@MOC-PC6. The effect of the MOC content on photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE) is investigated and the inefficient comparison systems, such as MOC-PC6, MOC-PC6-TiO2, FL-sensitized MOC-PC6/FL-TiO2, and analogue FL/MOC-PC6-TiO2 with free FL, are evaluated. This study provides a creative and distinctive approach for the design and preparation of novel heterogeneous SPMD catalysts based on MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ping Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin-Lun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li-Min Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shao-Yong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun-Min Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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41
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Zhao Y, Gobbi M, Hueso LE, Samorì P. Molecular Approach to Engineer Two-Dimensional Devices for CMOS and beyond-CMOS Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:50-131. [PMID: 34816723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted tremendous research interest over the last two decades. Their unique optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties make 2DMs key building blocks for the fabrication of novel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and beyond-CMOS devices. Major advances in device functionality and performance have been made by the covalent or noncovalent functionalization of 2DMs with molecules: while the molecular coating of metal electrodes and dielectrics allows for more efficient charge injection and transport through the 2DMs, the combination of dynamic molecular systems, capable to respond to external stimuli, with 2DMs makes it possible to generate hybrid systems possessing new properties by realizing stimuli-responsive functional devices and thereby enabling functional diversification in More-than-Moore technologies. In this review, we first introduce emerging 2DMs, various classes of (macro)molecules, and molecular switches and discuss their relevant properties. We then turn to 2DM/molecule hybrid systems and the various physical and chemical strategies used to synthesize them. Next, we discuss the use of molecules and assemblies thereof to boost the performance of 2D transistors for CMOS applications and to impart diverse functionalities in beyond-CMOS devices. Finally, we present the challenges, opportunities, and long-term perspectives in this technologically promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zhao
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,School of Micro-Nano Electronics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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42
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Xie Z, Zhang B, Ge Y, Zhu Y, Nie G, Song Y, Lim CK, Zhang H, Prasad PN. Chemistry, Functionalization, and Applications of Recent Monoelemental Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Heterostructures. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1127-1207. [PMID: 34780169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed a rapid expansion in investigations of two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes), which are promising materials in various fields, including applications in optoelectronic devices, biomedicine, catalysis, and energy storage. Apart from graphene and phosphorene, recently emerging 2D Xenes, specifically graphdiyne, borophene, arsenene, antimonene, bismuthene, and tellurene, have attracted considerable interest due to their unique optical, electrical, and catalytic properties, endowing them a broader range of intriguing applications. In this review, the structures and properties of these emerging Xenes are summarized based on theoretical and experimental results. The synthetic approaches for their fabrication, mainly bottom-up and top-down, are presented. Surface modification strategies are also shown. The wide applications of these emerging Xenes in nonlinear optical devices, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and energy application are further discussed. Finally, this review concludes with an assessment of the current status, a description of existing scientific and application challenges, and a discussion of possible directions to advance this fertile field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - YuFeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Keun Lim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, and Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics and Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260-3000, United States
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43
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Kim JK, Cho K, Jang J, Baek KY, Kim J, Seo J, Song M, Shin J, Kim J, Parkin SSP, Lee JH, Kang K, Lee T. Molecular Dopant-Dependent Charge Transport in Surface-Charge-Transfer-Doped Tungsten Diselenide Field Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101598. [PMID: 34533851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The controllability of carrier density and major carrier type of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) is critical for electronic and optoelectronic device applications. To utilize doping in TMDC devices, it is important to understand the role of dopants in charge transport properties of TMDCs. Here, the effects of molecular doping on the charge transport properties of tungsten diselenide (WSe2 ) are investigated using three p-type molecular dopants, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4 -TCNQ), tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate (magic blue), and molybdenum tris(1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene) (Mo(tfd-COCF3 )3 ). The temperature-dependent transport measurements show that the dopant counterions on WSe2 surface can induce Coulomb scattering in WSe2 channel and the degree of scattering is significantly dependent on the dopant. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis revealed that the amount of charge transfer between WSe2 and dopants is related to not only doping density, but also the contribution of each dopant ion toward Coulomb scattering. The first-principles density functional theory calculations show that the amount of charge transfer is mainly determined by intrinsic properties of the dopant molecules such as relative frontier orbital positions and their spin configurations. The authors' systematic investigation of the charge transport of doped TMDCs will be directly relevant for pursuing molecular routes for efficient and controllable doping in TMDC nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Keun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Max-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kyungjune Cho
- Max-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Juntae Jang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yoon Baek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jehyun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Junseok Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Minwoo Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jiwon Shin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Keehoon Kang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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44
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45
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Amsterdam SH, Stanev TK, Wang L, Zhou Q, Irgen-Gioro S, Padgaonkar S, Murthy AA, Sangwan VK, Dravid VP, Weiss EA, Darancet P, Chan MKY, Hersam MC, Stern NP, Marks TJ. Mechanistic Investigation of Molybdenum Disulfide Defect Photoluminescence Quenching by Adsorbed Metallophthalocyanines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17153-17161. [PMID: 34613735 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lattice defects play an important role in determining the optical and electrical properties of monolayer semiconductors such as MoS2. Although the structures of various defects in monolayer MoS2 are well studied, little is known about the nature of the fluorescent defect species and their interaction with molecular adsorbates. In this study, the quenching of the low-temperature defect photoluminescence (PL) in MoS2 is investigated following the deposition of metallophthalocyanines (MPcs). The quenching is found to significantly depend on the identity of the phthalocyanine metal, with the quenching efficiency decreasing in the order CoPc > CuPc > ZnPc, and almost no quenching by metal-free H2Pc is observed. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements corroborate the observed trend, indicating a decrease in the defect PL lifetime upon MPc adsorption, and the gate voltage-dependent PL reveals the suppression of the defect emission even at large Fermi level shifts. Density functional theory modeling argues that the MPc complexes stabilize dark negatively charged defects over luminescent neutral defects through an electrostatic local gating effect. These results demonstrate the control of defect-based excited-state decay pathways via molecular electronic structure tuning, which has broad implications for the design of mixed-dimensional optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Amsterdam
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teodor K Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luqing Wang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Qunfei Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shawn Irgen-Gioro
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Maria K Y Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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46
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Dettmann D, Galeotti G, MacLean O, Tomellini M, Di Giovannantonio M, Lipton-Duffin J, Verdini A, Floreano L, Fagot-Revurat Y, Perepichka DF, Rosei F, Contini G. Identification of Topotactic Surface-Confined Ullmann-Polymerization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103044. [PMID: 34477325 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On-surface Ullmann coupling is an established method for the synthesis of 1D and 2D organic structures. A key limitation to obtaining ordered polymers is the uncertainty in the final structure for coupling via random diffusion of reactants over the substrate, which leads to polymorphism and defects. Here, a topotactic polymerization on Cu(110) in a series of differently-halogenated para-phenylenes is identified, where the self-assembled organometallic (OM) reactants of diiodobenzene couple directly into a single, deterministic product, whereas the other precursors follow a diffusion driven reaction. The topotactic mechanism is the result of the structure of the iodine on Cu(110), which controls the orientation of the OM reactants and intermediates to be the same as the final polymer chains. Temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and kinetic modeling reflect the differences in the polymerization regimes, and the effects of the OM chain alignments and halogens are disentangled by Nudged Elastic Band calculations. It is found that the repulsion or attraction between chains and halogens drive the polymerization to be either diffusive or topotactic. These results provide detailed insights into on-surface reaction mechanisms and prove the possibility of harnessing topotactic reactions in surface-confined Ullmann polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dettmann
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Department, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Gianluca Galeotti
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Department, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Oliver MacLean
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Department, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China
| | - Massimo Tomellini
- Department of Chemistry, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Josh Lipton-Duffin
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001 QLD, Australia
| | - Alberto Verdini
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, I-34149, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Trieste, I-34149, Italy
| | - Yannick Fagot-Revurat
- Institut Jean Lamour Campus ARTEM UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, Nancy, 54011, France
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Department, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Giorgio Contini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma, 00133, Italy
- Department of Physics, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, 00133, Italy
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47
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Cheng NLQ, Xuan F, Spataru CD, Quek SY. Charge Transfer Screening and Energy Level Alignment at Complex Organic-Inorganic Interfaces: A Tractable Ab Initio GW Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8841-8846. [PMID: 34492190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex organic-inorganic interfaces are important for device and sensing applications. Charge transfer doping is prevalent in such applications and can affect the interfacial energy level alignments (ELA), which are determined by many-body interactions. We develop an approximate ab initio many-body GW approach that can capture many-body interactions due to interfacial charge transfer. The approach uses significantly less resources than a regular GW calculation but gives excellent agreement with benchmark GW calculations on an F4TCNQ/graphene interface. We find that many-body interactions due to charge transfer screening result in gate-tunable F4TCNQ HOMO-LUMO gaps. We further predict the ELA of a large system of experimental interest-4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)bipyridine (DMAP-OED) on monolayer MoS2, where charge transfer screening results in an ∼1 eV reduction of the molecular HOMO-LUMO gap. Comparison with a two-dimensional electron gas model reveals the importance of explicitly considering the intraband transitions in determining the charge transfer screening in organic-inorganic interface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lin Quan Cheng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
| | - Fengyuan Xuan
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
| | - Catalin D Spataru
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117546 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
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48
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Garcia-Basabe Y, Steinberg D, Daminelli LM, Mendoza CD, de Souza EAT, Vicentin FC, G Larrudé D. Charge-transfer dynamics in van der Waals heterojunctions formed by thiophene-based semiconductor polymers and exfoliated franckeite investigated from resonantly core-excited electrons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16795-16805. [PMID: 34323251 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic van der Waals heterojunctions formed by a combination of 2D materials with semiconductor polymer films enable the fabrication of new device architectures that are interesting for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we investigated the charge-transfer dynamics at the interface between 2D layered franckeite (Fr) and two thiophene-based conjugated polymers (PFO-DBT and P3HT) from the resonantly core-excited electron. The unoccupied electronic states of PFO-DBT/Fr and P3HT/Fr heterojunctions were studied using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and resonant Auger (RAS) synchrotron-based spectroscopies. We found evidence of ultrafast (subfemtosecond charge-transfer times) interfacial electron delocalization pathways from specific electronic states. For the interface between the PFO-DBT polymer and exfoliated franckeite, the most efficient interfacial electron delocalization pathways were found through π*(S-N) and π*(S-C) electronic states corresponding to the benzothiadiazole and thiophene units. On the other hand, for the P3HT polymer, we found that electrons excited to π-π* and S1s-π*(C-C) electronic states of the P3HT polymer are the most affected by the presence of exfoliated franckeite and consequently are the main interfacial electron-transfer pathways in this heterojunction. Our results have important implications in understanding how ultrafast electron delocalization is taking place in organic/inorganic van der Waals heterojunctions, which is relevant information in designing new devices involving these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunier Garcia-Basabe
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, UNILA, 85867-970, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
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49
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Qin S, Lei Y, Huang JF, Xiao LM, Liu JM. A Robust Photocatalytic Hybrid Material Composed of Metal-Organic Cages and TiO 2 for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2055-2062. [PMID: 34109766 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The design of photochemical molecular devices (PMDs) for photocatalytic H2 production from water is a meaningful but challenging subject currently. Herein, a Pd2 L4 type metal-organic cage (denoted as MOC-Q2) is designed as a PMD, which consists of two catalytic centers (Pd2+ ) and four photosensitive ligands (L-2) with four pyridine anchoring groups. Subsequently, the MOC-Q2 is combined with TiO2 to form TiO2 -MOC-Q2 hybrid materials with different MOC-Q2 contents by a facile sol-gel method, which have micro/mesoporous structures and large surface areas. The optimized TiO2 -MOC-Q2 (6.5 wt%) exhibits high H2 production activity (7.9 mmol g-1 h-1 within 5 h) and excellent durability, giving a TON value of 23477 or 11739 (based on MOC-Q2 or Pd moles) after recycling for 7 rounds. By contrast, the pure MOC-Q2 only shows an ordinary photocatalytic H2 production rate (0.84 mmol g-1 h-1 within 5 h) in the homogeneous system. It can be deduced that TiO2 drives the photocatalysis and simultaneously acts as the structure promoter. This study presents a meaningful and distinctive attempt of a new approach for the design and development of MOC-based heterogeneous photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Min Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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50
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Rodríguez González MC, Leonhardt A, Stadler H, Eyley S, Thielemans W, De Gendt S, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Multicomponent Covalent Chemical Patterning of Graphene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10618-10627. [PMID: 34047547 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical patterning of graphene is being pursued tenaciously due to exciting possibilities in electronics, catalysis, sensing, and photonics. Despite the intense efforts, spatially controlled, multifunctional covalent patterning of graphene has not been achieved. The lack of control originates from the inherently poor reactivity of the basal plane of graphene, which necessitates the use of harsh chemistries. Here, we demonstrate spatially resolved multicomponent covalent chemical patterning of single layer graphene using a facile and efficient method. Three different functional groups could be covalently attached to the basal plane in dense, well-defined patterns using a combination of lithography and a self-limiting variant of diazonium chemistry requiring no need for graphene activation. The layer thickness of the covalent films could be controlled down to 1 nm. This work provides a solid foundation for the fabrication of chemically patterned multifunctional graphene interfaces for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Rodríguez González
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Leonhardt
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hartmut Stadler
- Bruker Nanoscience Division, Östliche Rheinbrückenstr. 49, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Materials Lab, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Materials Lab, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (imec) vzw, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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