1
|
Wang L, Zhong Y, Wang H, Malyi OI, Wang F, Zhang Y, Hong G, Tang Y. New Emerging Fast Charging Microscale Electrode Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307027. [PMID: 38018336 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Fast charging lithium (Li)-ion batteries are intensively pursued for next-generation energy storage devices, whose electrochemical performance is largely determined by their constituent electrode materials. While nanosizing of electrode materials enhances high-rate capability in academic research, it presents practical limitations like volumetric packing density and high synthetic cost. As an alternative to nanosizing, microscale electrode materials cannot only effectively overcome the limitations of the nanosizing strategy but also satisfy the requirement of fast-charging batteries. Therefore, this review summarizes the new emerging microscale electrode materials for fast charging from the commercialization perspective. First, the fundamental theory of electronic/ionic motion in both individual active particles and the whole electrode is proposed. Then, based on these theories, the corresponding optimization strategies are summarized toward fast-charging microscale electrode materials. In addition, advanced functional design to tackle the mechanical degradation problems related to next generation high capacity alloy- and conversion-type electrode materials (Li, S, Si et al.) for achieving fast charging and stable cycling batteries. Finally, general conclusions and the future perspective on the potential research directions of microscale electrode materials are proposed. It is anticipated that this review will provide the basic guidelines for both fundamental research and practical applications of fast-charging batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Litong Wang
- School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems & Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Oleksandr I Malyi
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o. o., Wolczynska Str. 133, 01-919, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Feng Wang
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Guo Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang H, Li Q, Sun L, Zhai S, Chen X, Tan Y, Wang X, Liu C, Deng WQ, Wu H. MXene-Derived Na + -Pillared Vanadate Cathodes for Dendrite-Free Potassium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306572. [PMID: 37759384 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cation-intercalated vanadates, which have considerable promise as the cathode for high-performance potassium metal batteries (PMBs), suffer from structural collapse upon K+ insertion and desertion. Exotic cations in the vanadate cathode may ease the collapse, yet their effect on the intrinsic cation remains speculative. Herein, a stable and dendrite-free PMB, composed of a Na+ and K+ co-intercalated vanadate (NKVO) cathode and a liquid NaK alloy anode, is presented. A series of NKVO with tuneable Na/K ratios are facilely prepared using MXene precursors, in which Na+ is testified to be immobilized upon cycling, functioning as a structural pillar. Due to stronger ionic bonding and lower Fermi level of Na+ compared to K+ , moderate Na+ intercalation could reduce K+ binding to the solvation sheath and favor K+ diffusion kinetics. As a result, the MXene-derived Na+ -pillared NKVO exhibits markedly improved specific capacities, rate performance, and cycle stability than the Na+ -free counterpart. Moreover, thermally-treated carbon paper, which imitates the microscopic structure of Chinese Xuan paper, allows high surface tension liquid NaK alloy to adhere readily, enabling dendrite-free metal anodes. By clarifying the role of foreign intercalating cations, this study may lead to a more rational design of stable and high-performance electrode materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qi Li
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Lanju Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shengliang Zhai
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiaokang Chen
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Wei-Qiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Li J, Wang H, Wang M. Research progress of organic liquid electrolyte for sodium ion battery. Front Chem 2023; 11:1253959. [PMID: 37780988 PMCID: PMC10536326 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1253959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage technology has attracted widespread attention due to its low cost and high energy efficiency in recent years. Among the electrochemical energy storage technologies, sodium ion batteries have been widely focused due to the advantages of abundant sodium resources, low price and similar properties to lithium. In the basic structure of sodium ion battery, the electrolyte determines the electrochemical window and electrochemical performance of the battery, controls the properties of the electrode/electrolyte interface, and affects the safety of sodium ion batteries. Organic liquid electrolytes are widely used because of their low viscosity, high dielectric constant, and compatibility with common cathodes and anodes. However, there are problems such as low oxidation potential, high flammability and safety hazards. Therefore, the development of novel, low-cost, high-performance organic liquid electrolytes is essential for the commercial application of sodium ion batteries. In this paper, the basic requirements and main classifications of organic liquid electrolytes for sodium ion batteries have been introduced. The current research status of organic liquid electrolytes for sodium ion batteries has been highlighted, including compatibility with various types of electrodes and electrochemical properties such as multiplicative performance and cycling performance of electrode materials in electrolytes. The composition, formation mechanism and regulation strategies of interfacial films have been explained. Finally, the development trends of sodium ion battery electrolytes in terms of compatibility with materials, safety and stable interfacial film formation are pointed out in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng Y, Li M, Yang X, Lu X, Wu D, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Gu M. Na-K Alloy Anode for High-Performance Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9614-9620. [PMID: 36454039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable solid-state Na metal batteries (SSNMB) can offer high operational safety and energy density. However, poor solid-solid contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte can dramatically increase interfacial resistance and Na dendrite formation, even at low current rates. Therefore, we developed a carbon-fiber-supported liquid Na-K alloy anode that ensures close anode-electrolyte contact, enabling superior cycle stability and rate capability. We then demonstrated the first cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) characterization of an SSNMB, capturing the evolution of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and revealing both crystalline and amorphous phases, which could facilitate ion transport and prevent continuous side reactions. By enhancing contact between the Na-K alloy and solid-state electrolyte, these symmetric cells are capable of cycling for over 800 h without notable increased polarization and enable an unprecedented critical current density (CCD) at 40 mA cm-2. Our liquid Na-K alloy approach offers a promising strategic avenue toward commercial SSNMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Menghao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuming Yang
- Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinzhen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Duojie Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523413, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ge X, Cao S, Lv Z, Zhu Z, Tang Y, Xia H, Zhang H, Wei J, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Chen X. Mechano-Graded Electrodes Mitigate the Mismatch between Mechanical Reliability and Energy Density for Foldable Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206797. [PMID: 36134539 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density are highly desirable for wearable electronics. However, difficult to achieve excellent flexibility and high energy density simultaneously via the current approaches for designing flexible LIBs. To mitigate the mismatch, mechano-graded electrodes with gradient-distributed maximum allowable strain are proposed to endow high-loading-mass slurry-coating electrodes with brilliant intrinsic flexibility without sacrificing energy density. As a proof-of-concept, the up-graded LiNi1/3 Mn1/3 Co1/3 O2 cathodes (≈15 mg cm-2 , ≈70 µm) and graphite anodes (≈8 mg cm-2 , ≈105 µm) can tolerate an extremely low bending radius of 400 and 600 µm, respectively. Finite element analysis (FEA) reveals that, compared with conventionally homogeneous electrodes, the flexibility of the up-graded electrodes is enhanced by specifically strengthening the upper layer and avoiding crack initiation. Benefiting from this, the foldable pouch cell (required bending radius of ≈600 µm) successfully realizes a remarkable figure of merit (FOM, energy density vs bending radius) of 121.3 mWh cm-3 . Moreover, the up-graded-electrodes-based pouch cells can deliver a stable power supply, even under various deformation modes, such as twisting, folding, and knotting. This work proposes new insights for harmonizing the mechanics and electrochemistry of energy storage devices to achieve high energy density under flexible extremes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ge
- Department of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengkai Cao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Lv
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuxin Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Huarong Xia
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li S, Zhu H, Liu Y, Han Z, Peng L, Li S, Yu C, Cheng S, Xie J. Codoped porous carbon nanofibres as a potassium metal host for nonaqueous K-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4911. [PMID: 35987982 PMCID: PMC9392754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPotassium metal is an appealing alternative to lithium as an alkali metal anode for future electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the use of potassium metal is hindered by the growth of unfavourable deposition (e.g., dendrites) and volume changes upon cycling. To circumvent these issues, we propose the synthesis and application of nitrogen and zinc codoped porous carbon nanofibres that act as potassium metal hosts. This carbonaceous porous material enables rapid potassium infusion (e.g., < 1 s cm−2) with a high potassium content (e.g., 97 wt. %) and low potassium nucleation overpotential (e.g., 15 mV at 0.5 mA cm−2). Experimental and theoretical measurements and analyses demonstrate that the carbon nanofibres induce uniform potassium deposition within its porous network and facilitate a dendrite-free morphology during asymmetric and symmetric cell cycling. Interestingly, when the potassium-infused carbon material is tested as an active negative electrode material in combination with a sulfur-based positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution in the coin cell configuration, an average discharge voltage of approximately 1.6 V and a discharge capacity of approximately 470 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at 500 mA g−1 and 25 °C are achieved.
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ju Z, Li Y, Mitlin D, Yu G. Revealing the Solid‐State Electrolyte Interfacial Stability Model with Na–K Liquid Alloy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203409. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yijie Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Zhengyu Ju
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ju Z, Li Y, Mitlin D, Yu G. Revealing the Solid‐State Electrolyte Interfacial Stability Model with Na–K Liquid Alloy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yijie Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Zhengyu Ju
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 204 E Dean Keeton Street Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ni L, Xu G, Li C, Cui G. Electrolyte formulation strategies for potassium-based batteries. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210239. [PMID: 37323885 PMCID: PMC10191034 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K)-based batteries are viewed as the most promising alternatives to lithium-based batteries, owing to their abundant potassium resource, lower redox potentials (-2.97 V vs. SHE), and low cost. Recently, significant achievements on electrode materials have boosted the development of potassium-based batteries. However, the poor interfacial compatibility between electrode and electrolyte hinders their practical. Hence, rational design of electrolyte/electrode interface by electrolytes is the key to develop K-based batteries. In this review, the principles for formulating organic electrolytes are comprehensively summarized. Then, recent progress of various liquid organic and solid-state K+ electrolytes for potassium-ion batteries and beyond are discussed. Finally, we offer the current challenges that need to be addressed for advanced K-based batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Gaojie Xu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang LY, Ma C, Hou CC, Wei X, Wang KX, Chen JS. Construction of Large Non-Localized π-Electron System for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105825. [PMID: 34889023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrode materials with the advantages of renewability, environment-friendliness, low cost, and high capacity have received widespread attention in recent years for sodium-ion batteries. However, small molecular organic materials suffer from issues such as low conductivity and the high dissolution rate in electrolytes. Herein, a phthalocyanine derivative (TPcDS) with a large non-localized π-electron system, obtained through thermodynamic polymerization of 4-aminophthalonitrile (AP) monomers, is designed to address these issues. According to the density function theory calculation, six sodium ions can be attracted by one polymer molecule, indicating a high theoretical capacity of 375 mA h g-1 . The TPcDS molecule realizes sodium storage through a non-localized π-electron system of phthalocyanine macrocycles. When employed as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries, the functional groups of phthalocyanine macrocycles, such as CN groups in TPcDS, experience obviously reversible structural variation upon discharge/charge. A high reversible capacity of 364 mAh g-1 is achieved at a current density of 0.05 A g-1 , and a charge capacity of as high as 246 mAh g-1 is still maintained after 500 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 . This work provides an effective strategy for the design and synthesis of new oligomeric organic electrode materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Wang
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Hou
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Xue Wang
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dual redox groups enable organic cathode material with a high capacity for aqueous zinc-organic batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
12
|
Fan L, Hu Y, Rao AM, Zhou J, Hou Z, Wang C, Lu B. Prospects of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Practical Potassium-Based Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2101131. [PMID: 34928013 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attention because of their high energy density and low-cost. As such, much effort has focused on developing electrode materials and electrolytes for PIBs at the material levels. This review begins with an overview of the high-performance electrode materials and electrolytes, and then evaluates their prospects and challenges for practical PIBs to penetrate the market. The current status of PIBs for safe operation, energy density, power density, cyclability, and sustainability is discussed and future studies for electrode materials, electrolytes, and electrode-electrolyte interfaces are identified. It is anticipated that this review will motivate research and development to fill existing gaps for practical potassium-based full batteries so that they may be commercialized in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanyao Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Li Y, Luo Y, Yuan W, Chen X, Zhang L, Shu J. Expounding the Initial Alloying Behavior of Na-K Liquid Alloy Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40118-40126. [PMID: 34387075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary electrodeposition is an accepted strategy to elucidate the nucleation and growth kinetics of metal electrodes. Nevertheless, when confronted with the phase transition process caused by bi-active metals such as NaK liquid alloys, the research process becomes complex and elusive. Herein, we have reduced the intricate issues to relatively simple initial alloying behaviors. Two exchange diffusion mechanisms of the Na atom embedded in K crystals and K atom embedded in Na crystals are investigated by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation and mechanical simulation. As a result, the process of embedding the Na atom in K crystals shows a better thermodynamic stability and lower activation barrier and structural stress than those of the other. The abovementioned conclusions are further proved by stepwise Na and K electrodeposition experiments, and the prepared NaK alloy electrode displays excellent electrochemical performance. Our findings correlate the original alloying mechanism model specification with electrodeposition experimental verification and provide strategies to achieve controllable NaK electrode construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yusheng Luo
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wenlu Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiumin Chen
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Shu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo X, Ding Y, Yu G. Design Principles and Applications of Next-Generation High-Energy-Density Batteries Based on Liquid Metals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100052. [PMID: 34085739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing need for the renewable energy supply accelerated the thriving studies of Li-ion batteries, whereas if the high-energy-density Li as well as alkali metals should be adopted as battery electrodes is still under fierce debate for safety concerns. Recently, a group of low-melting temperature metals and alloys that are in liquid phase at or near room-temperature are being reported for battery applications, by which the battery energy could be improved without significant dendrite issue. Besides the dendrite-free feature, liquid metals can also promise various high-energy-density battery designs on the basis of unique materials properties. In this review, the design principles for liquid metals-based batteries from mechanical, electrochemical, and thermodynamical aspects are provided. With the understanding of the theoretical basis, currently reported relevant designs are summarized and analyzed focusing on the working mechanism, effectiveness evaluation, and novel application. An overview of the state-of-the-art liquid metal battery developments and future prospects is also provided in the end as a reference for further research explorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou M, Qi W, Hu Z, Cheng M, Zhao X, Xiong P, Su H, Li M, Hu J, Xu Y. Highly Potassiophilic Carbon Nanofiber Paper Derived from Bacterial Cellulose Enables Ultra-Stable Dendrite-Free Potassium Metal Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17629-17638. [PMID: 33823583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-metal batteries are attractive candidates for low-cost and large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of potassium. However, K metal dendrite growth as well as volume expansion of K metal anodes on cycling have significantly hindered its practical applications. Although enhanced performance has been reported using carbon hosts with complicated structure engineering, they are not suitable for mass production. Herein, a highly potassiophilic carbon nanofiber paper with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface and a 3D interconnected network architecture is fabricated through a facile, scalable, and environmental-friendly biosynthesis method. As a host for K metal anode, uniform K nucleation and stable plating/stripping performance are demonstrated, with a stable cycling of 1400 h and a low overpotential of 45 mV, which are much better than all carbon hosts without complicated structure engineering. Moreover, full cells pairing the carbon nanofiber paper/K composite anodes with K4Fe(CN)6 cathodes exhibit excellent cycle stability and rate capability. The results provide a promising way for realizing dendrite-free K metal anodes and high-performance potassium-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiyan Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zongmin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingren Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peixun Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hai Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jimin Hu
- College of Chemistry, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Q, He G, Ding Y. Applications of Low-Melting-Point Metals in Rechargeable Metal Batteries. Chemistry 2021; 27:6407-6421. [PMID: 33124736 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-melting-point (LMP) metals represent an interesting family of electrode materials owing to their high ionic conductivity, good ductility or fluidity, low hardness and/or superior alloying capability, all of which are crucial characteristics to address battery challenges such as interfacial incompatibility, electrode pulverization, and dendrite growth. This minireview summarizes recent research progress of typical LMP metals including In, Ga, Hg, and their alloys in rechargeable metal batteries. Emphasis is placed on mainstream electrochemical storage devices of Li, Na, and K batteries as well as the representative multi-valent metal batteries. The fundamental correlations between unique physiochemical properties of LMP metals and the battery performance are highlighted. In addition, this article also provides insights into future development and potential directions of LMP metals/alloys for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin, University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Guang He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin, University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin, University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ochirkhuyag N, Matsuda R, Song Z, Nakamura F, Endo T, Ota H. Liquid metal-based nanocomposite materials: fabrication technology and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2113-2135. [PMID: 33465221 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on liquid metals has been steadily garnering more interest in recent times, especially in flexible electronics applications because of their properties like possessing high conductivity and being liquid state at room temperature. The unique properties afforded by such materials at low temperatures can compensate for the limitations of stretchable electronic devices, particularly robustness and their fluidic property, which can enhance the flexibility and deformation of these devices. Therefore, interest in liquid-metal nanoparticles and liquid metals with nanocomposites has enabled research into their fabrication technologies as well as utilisation in fields such as chemistry, polymer engineering, computational modelling, and nanotechnology. In particular, in flexible and stretchable electronic device applications, the research attention is focused on the fabrication methodologies of liquid-metal nanoparticles and liquid metals containing nanocomposites. This review attempts to summarise the available stretchable and flexible electronics applications that use liquid-metal nanoparticles as well as liquid metals with nanomaterial additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Zihao Song
- Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakamura
- Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takuma Endo
- Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ota
- Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang W, Jin H, Zhang J. Nb 2CT x MXene as High-Performance Energy Storage Material with Na, K, and Liquid K-Na Alloy Anodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1102-1109. [PMID: 33435680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional MXenes perform well as hosts in batteries, which are promising for next-generation energy storage materials. With low price and high performance, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) own the potential to replace lithium in energy storage devices, but the larger radii and dendrite growth restrict their commercialization. Herein, we successfully synthesized an accordion-like Nb2CTx MXene, whose crystal structure integrity and lamellar separation have been confirmed by characterization methods like high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Combined with solid Na and K and liquid K-Na alloy as anodes, the Nb2CTx MXene shows excellent electrochemical performance, such as high capacity retention after large current shock in tests of rate performance and long time stability for more than 500 cycles, etc. Also, the Nb2CTx MXene coupled with liquid K-Na anode performs better than that coupled with solid K for the dendrite-controlling character of the liquid electrode. The Nb2CTx MXene would boost the exploitation of more suitable host materials for Na/K-ion batteries and promote an in-depth understanding of MXenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Huixin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding Y, Guo X, Qian Y, Yu G. Low-Temperature Multielement Fusible Alloy-Based Molten Sodium Batteries for Grid-Scale Energy Storage. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2287-2293. [PMID: 33376789 PMCID: PMC7760467 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable future of modern society relies on the development of advanced energy systems. Alkali metals, such as Li, Na, and K, are promising to construct high-energy-density batteries to complement the fast-growing implementation of renewable sources. The stripping/deposition of alkali metals is compromised by serious dendrite growth, which can be intrinsically eliminated by using molten alkali metal anodes. Up to now, most of the conventional molten alkali metal-based batteries need to be operated at high temperatures. To decrease the operating temperature, we extended the battery chemistry to multielement alloys, which provide more flexibility for wide selection and rational screening of cost-effective and fusible metallic electrodes. On the basis of an integrated experimental and theoretical study, the depressed melting point and enhanced interfacial compatibility are elucidated. The proof-of-concept molten sodium battery enabled by the Bi-Pb-Sn fusible alloy not only circumvents the use of costly Ga and In elements but also delivers attractive performance at 100 °C, holding great promise for grid-scale energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim N, Raj MR, Lee G. Nitrogen-doped TiO 2(B) nanobelts enabling enhancement of electronic conductivity and efficiency of lithium-ion storage. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:415401. [PMID: 32580178 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9fb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the intrinsic electrical conductivities of TiO2(B) nanobelts, nitrogen(N)-doped TiO2(B) nanobelts (N-TNB) were prepared in this study by a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal method using urea as the nitrogen source with TiO2 (P25) nanoparticles. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the N-atoms preferentially occupied up to ∼0.516 atom% in the interstitial sites of the N-TNB and the maximum concentration of substituted-N bonds in the N-TNB was ∼0.154 atom%, thereby the total concentration of doped nitrogen elements of ∼0.67 atom% improved the high intrinsic electrical conductivity and ionic diffusivity of the TiO2(B) nanobelts. The as-prepared N-TNB electrode delivered the highest specific capacity of 133.9 mAh g-1 in the first cycle, with an exceptional cyclic capacity retention at an ultrafast current rate of 1000 mA g-1; this is not less than 51% after 500 cycles and represents an excellent rate capability of ∼37 mAh g-1 at an ultra-high rate of 40 C. These values are among the best ever reported on comparison of the delivered highest discharge capacity of N-TNB at 1000 mA g-1 and high-rate capabilities of its Li+ ion storage with the literature data for N-TNB (∼231.5 mAh g-1 at a very low current density of 16.75 mA g-1, ∼0.1 C) of similar materials used in sodium-ion batteries. This implies the potential feasibility of these N-TNB as high-capacity anode materials for next-generation, high-energy-density, electrochemical energy-storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nangyeong Kim
- Advanced Energy Materials Design Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-Si 38541 Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ding Y, Guo X, Yu G. Next-Generation Liquid Metal Batteries Based on the Chemistry of Fusible Alloys. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1355-1366. [PMID: 32875076 PMCID: PMC7453561 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With a long cycle life, high rate capability, and facile cell fabrication, liquid metal batteries are regarded as a promising energy storage technology to achieve better utilization of intermittent renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, conventional liquid metal batteries need to be operated at relatively high temperatures (>240 °C) to maintain molten-state electrodes and high conductivity of electrolytes. Intermediate and room-temperature liquid metal batteries, circumventing complex thermal management as well as issues related to sealing and corrosion, are emerging as a novel energy system for widespread implementation. In this Outlook, we elaborate the appealing features of fusible alloys-based liquid metals for energy storage devices and describe the metallurgical fundamentals, cost, and safety analysis of fusible alloys. Recent advances are discussed covering the rational screening of metallic alloys, interfacial engineering on the electrodes, and design of advanced electrolytes. In the end, we provide perspectives on current challenges and future opportunities in this field. This outlook not only aims to provide a design principle for high performance liquid metal batteries, but also inspires further development of novel energy systems beyond conventional solid-state batteries and high-temperature batteries.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ding Y, Guo X, Qian Y, Xue L, Dolocan A, Yu G. Room-Temperature All-Liquid-Metal Batteries Based on Fusible Alloys with Regulated Interfacial Chemistry and Wetting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002577. [PMID: 32548922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal batteries are regarded as potential electrochemical systems for stationary energy storage. Currently, all reported liquid metal batteries need to be operated at temperatures above 240 °C to maintain the metallic electrodes in a molten state. Here, an unprecedented room-temperature liquid metal battery employing a sodium-potassium (Na-K) alloy anode and gallium (Ga)-based alloy cathodes is demonstrated. Compared with lead (Pb)- and mercury (Hg)-based liquid metal electrodes, the nontoxic Ga alloys maintain high environmental benignity. On the basis of improved wetting and stabilized interfacial chemistry, such liquid metal batteries deliver stable cycling performance and negligible self-discharge. Different from the conventional interphase between a typical solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte, the interphase between a liquid metal and a liquid electrolyte is directly visualized via advanced 3D chemical analysis. Insights into this new type of liquid electrode/electrolyte interphase reveal its important role in regulating charge carriers and stabilizing the redox chemistry. With facile cell fabrication, simplified battery structures, high safety, and low maintenance costs, room-temperature liquid metal batteries not only show great prospects for widespread applications, but also offer a pathway toward developing innovative energy-storage devices beyond conventional solid-state batteries or high-temperature batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Leigang Xue
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrei Dolocan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu P, Mitlin D. Emerging Potassium Metal Anodes: Perspectives on Control of the Electrochemical Interfaces. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1161-1175. [PMID: 32466644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusPotassium metal serves as the anode in emerging potassium metal batteries (KMBs). It also serves as the counter electrode for potassium ion battery (KIB) half-cells, with its reliable performance being critical for assessing the working electrode material. This first-of-its-kind critical Account focuses on the dual challenge of controlling the potassium metal-substrate and the potassium metal-electrolyte interface so as to prevent dendrites. The discussion begins with a comparison of the physical and chemical properties of K metal anodes versus the much oft studied Li and Na metal anodes. Based on established descriptions for root causes of dendrites, the problem should be less severe for K than for Li or Na, while in fact the opposite is observed. The key reason that the K metal surface rapidly becomes dendritic in common electrolytes is its unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). An unstable SEI layer is defined as being non-self-passivating. No SEI is perfectly stable during cycling, and all SEI structures are heterogeneous both vertically and horizontally relative to the electrolyte interface. The difference between a "stable" and an "unstable" SEI may be viewed as the relative degree to which during cycling it thickens and becomes further heterogeneous. The unstable SEI on K metal leads to a number of interrelated problems, such as low cycling Coulombic efficiency (CE), a severe impedance rise, large overpotentials, and possibly electrical shorting, all of which have been reported to occur as early as in the first 10 plating/stripping cycles. Many of the traditional "interface fixes" employed for Li and Na metal anodes, such as various artificial SEIs, surface membranes, barrier layers, secondary separators, etc., have not been attempted or optimized for the case of K. This is an important area for further exploration, with an understanding that success may come harder with K than with Li due to K-based SEI reactivity with both ether and ester solvents.The second critical problem with K metal anodes is that they do not thermally or electrochemically wet a standard (untreated) Cu foil current collector. Published experimental and modeling research directly highlights the weak bonding between the K atoms and a Cu surface. Existing surface treatment approaches that achieve improved K wetting are discussed, along with the general design rules for future studies. Also discussed are geometry-based methods to tune nucleation as well dual approaches where nucleation and SEI structure are tuned through complementary schemes to achieve extended half-cell and full battery stability. We hypothesize that K metal never achieves a planar wetting morphology even at cycle one, making the dendrites "baked-in". We propose that classical thin film growth models, Frank van der Merwe (F-M), Volmer-Weber (V-W), and Stranski-Krastanov (S-K), can be employed to describe early stage plating behavior. It is demonstrated that islandlike V-W growth is the applicable description for the natural plating behavior of K on pristine Cu. Moving forward, there are three inter-related thrusts to be pursued: First, K salt-based electrolyte formulations have to mature and become further tailored to handle the increased reactivity of a metal rather than an ion anode. Second, the K-based SEI structure needs to be further understood and ultimately tuned to be less reactive. Third, the energetics of the K metal-current collector interface must be controlled to promote planar wetting/dewetting throughout cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1591, United States
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1591, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo X, Ding Y, Gao H, Goodenough JB, Yu G. A Ternary Hybrid-Cation Room-Temperature Liquid Metal Battery and Interfacial Selection Mechanism Study. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000316. [PMID: 32311170 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dendrite-free sodium-potassium (Na-K) liquid alloy composed of two alkali metals is one of the ideal alternatives for Li metal as an anode material while maintaining large capacity, low potential, and high abundance. However, Na- or K-ion batteries have limited cathode materials that can deliver stably large capacity. Combining advantages of both, a hybrid-cation liquid metal battery is designed for a Li-ion-insertion-based cathode to deliver stable high capacity using a Na-K liquid anode to avoid dendrites. The mechanical property of the Na-K alloy is confirmed by simulation and experimental characterization, which leads to stable cycling performance. The charge carrier selection principle in this ternary hybrid-cation system is investigated, showing consistency with the proposed interfacial layer formation and ion distribution mechanism for the electrochemical process as well as the good stability. With Li ions contributing stable cycling as the cathode charge carrier, the K ion working as charge carrier on the anode, and Na as the medium to liquefy K metal, such a ternary hybrid battery system not only inherits the rich battery chemistry of Li-insertion cathodes but also broadens the understanding of alkali metal alloys and hybrid-ion battery chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hongcai Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - John B Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding J, Zhang H, Fan W, Zhong C, Hu W, Mitlin D. Review of Emerging Potassium-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908007. [PMID: 32249505 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This is the first review on potassium-sulfur (K-S) batteries (KSBs), which are emerging metal battery (MB) systems. Since KSBs are quite new, there are fundamental questions regarding the electrochemistry of S-based cathode and of K metal anode, as well as the holistic aspects of full-cell performance. The manuscript begins with a critical discussion regarding the potassium-sulfur electrochemistry and on how it differs from the much better-known lithium-sulfur. Cathodes are discussed next, focusing on the role of sulfur structure, carbon host chemistry and porosity, and electrolytes in establishing the reversible potassium sulfide K2 Sn phase sequence, the parasitic polysulfide shuttle, pulverization-driven capacity fade, etc. Following is a discussion of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including of hybrid solid-liquid systems that show much promise. Potassium metal anodes are then critically reviewed, emphasizing electrolyte reactions to form stable versus unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), covering the current understanding of potassium dendrites, and highlighting the deep-eutectic K-Na alloying approaches for room temperature liquid anodes. The manuscript concludes with K-S batteries, focusing on cell architectures and providing quantitative performance comparisons as master plots. Unanswered scientific/technological questions are identified, emerging research opportunities are discussed, and potential experimental and simulation-based studies that can unravel these unknowns are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ding Y, Guo X, Qian Y, Gao H, Weber DH, Zhang L, Goodenough JB, Yu G. In Situ Formation of Liquid Metals via Galvanic Replacement Reaction to Build Dendrite‐Free Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Hongcai Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Daniel H. Weber
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - John B. Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ding Y, Guo X, Qian Y, Gao H, Weber DH, Zhang L, Goodenough JB, Yu G. In Situ Formation of Liquid Metals via Galvanic Replacement Reaction to Build Dendrite‐Free Alkali‐Metal‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12170-12177. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Hongcai Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Daniel H. Weber
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - John B. Goodenough
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang J, Wang X, Huang S, Zhang X, Chen J. Room-Temperature Fabrication of a Liquid NaK Alloy-Based Membrane Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20423-20428. [PMID: 32275385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The room-temperature liquid anode is a feasible method for building dendrite-free alkali-metal-based batteries. The Na-K phase diagram shows a eutectic point as low as 260.53 K with a long liquid range below 298 K with the molar fraction of potassium ranging from 30.48 to 84.99%. However, the NaK alloy exhibits a very high surface tension preventing it from wetting the current collector surface. Herein, a novel homogeneous dual solid-liquid composite in which the liquid alloy is fixed by the solid Na15Sn4 phase and perfectly stuffed into the grid of the mesh has been designed and fabricated. Based on the liquid range of the NaK alloy, the Na-K-Sn mixture possesses a theoretical specific capacity of 768 mAh g-1. The symmetric cells of the Na-K-Sn@mesh electrodes cycled at 2.0 mA cm-2 with 1.0 mAh cm-2 showed little fluctuations with the stable overpotential of ∼200 mV for 550 h, and the full cell coupled with Na3V2(PO4)3 showed an initial discharge capacity of 103 mAh g-1 at 2 C with a retention of 90% after 800 cycles. When the high-loading Na3V2(PO4)3 electrode is applied in the full cell, a stable cycling life is still maintained with a good capacity retention of 86% over 190 cycles (2.7 mAh cm-2) and 91% over 60 cycles (5.2 mAh cm-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shizhi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu K, Liao N, Zhang M, Xue W. Atomic-scale investigation of enhanced lithium, sodium and magnesium storage performance from defects in MoS 2/graphene heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7098-7108. [PMID: 32191235 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09352d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MoS2 is of great interest as an anode material of batteries due to its high theoretical reversible capacity; in particular, a defective MoS2/graphene heterostructure exhibits excellent cycling stability. However, very little is known about the diffusion and ion storage mechanism at the atomistic level. To provide insights into the issue, we have developed and used first principles calculations and an atom intercalation/deintercalation algorithm to model the adsorption, diffusion, insertion and removal of Li, Na and Mg in pristine and defective MoS2/graphene systems. First, the adsorption of Li, Na and Mg is generally more stable in the defective MoS2/graphene structure. Mg and Li prefer to diffuse in the structure with disulfide defects, while Na prefers to diffuse in the molybdenum defective structure. Next, we found that the atomic configurations of both pristine and defective MoS2/graphene are not restored to their original states after the insertion and removal of Li, Na and Mg, which is related to the irreversible capacity loss of the system. Furthermore, by excluding the amount of lithium atoms related to the unrestored sulfur atoms, an algorithm was proposed to calculate the reversible capacity and it was verified by experimental results. We have also demonstrated that the introduction of defects leads to significant increase in the theoretical capacities of the Na and Mg systems, however, decreasing the capacity retention rate of Mg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li L, Zuo Z, Wang F, Gao J, Cao A, He F, Li Y. In Situ Coating Graphdiyne for High-Energy-Density and Stable Organic Cathodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000140. [PMID: 32080918 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of organic small-molecule cathodes is simple and low-cost; however, their low conductivity and molecular dissolution are two key issues that mean their energy density and power performance are far lower than those of inorganic batteries, thus hindering their practical application. To develop an effective coating technology is the key to obtain high-performance organic batteries. A general method of in situ weaving all-carbon graphdiyne nanocoatings is demonstrated. The graphdiyne can be conformally weaved on organic particles under mild conditions so that the conductivity is increased and the dissolution is suppressed. After weaving graphdiyne nanocoat, the active mass of the small-molecule organic cathodes rise to 93%, thus delivering a higher energy density of 310 W h kg-1 than previously reported, and the power performance and long-term stability are greatly improved. Additionally, this method shows great potential to become the crucial technology for fabricating organic batteries with energy density close to prevailing lithium-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Zuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingchi Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Anmin Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ji B, Yao W, Zheng Y, Kidkhunthod P, Zhou X, Tunmee S, Sattayaporn S, Cheng HM, He H, Tang Y. A fluoroxalate cathode material for potassium-ion batteries with ultra-long cyclability. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1225. [PMID: 32144250 PMCID: PMC7060185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries are a compelling technology for large scale energy storage due to their low-cost and good rate performance. However, the development of potassium-ion batteries remains in its infancy, mainly hindered by the lack of suitable cathode materials. Here we show that a previously known frustrated magnet, KFeC2O4F, could serve as a stable cathode for potassium ion storage, delivering a discharge capacity of ~112 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and 94% capacity retention after 2000 cycles. The unprecedented cycling stability is attributed to the rigid framework and the presence of three channels that allow for minimized volume fluctuation when Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction occurs. Further, pairing this KFeC2O4F cathode with a soft carbon anode yields a potassium-ion full cell with an energy density of ~235 Wh kg-1, impressive rate performance and negligible capacity decay within 200 cycles. This work sheds light on the development of low-cost and high-performance K-based energy storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bifa Ji
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenjiao Yao
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongping Zheng
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pinit Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sarayut Tunmee
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Sattayaporn
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Haiyan He
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu P, Wang Y, Gu Q, Nanda J, Watt J, Mitlin D. Dendrite-Free Potassium Metal Anodes in a Carbonate Electrolyte. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906735. [PMID: 31859405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) metal anodes suffer from a challenging problem of dendrite growth. Here, it is demonstrated that a tailored current collector will stabilize the metal plating-stripping behavior even with a conventional KPF6 -carbonate electrolyte. A 3D copper current collector is functionalized with partially reduced graphene oxide to create a potassiophilic surface, the electrode being denoted as rGO@3D-Cu. Potassiophilic versus potassiophobic experiments demonstrate that molten K fully wets rGO@3D-Cu after 6 s, but does not wet unfunctionalized 3D-Cu. Electrochemically, a unique synergy is achieved that is driven by interfacial tension and geometry: the adherent rGO underlayer promotes 2D layer-by-layer (Frank-van der Merwe) metal film growth at early stages of plating, while the tortuous 3D-Cu electrode reduces the current density and geometrically frustrates dendrites. The rGO@3D-Cu symmetric cells and half-cells achieve state-of-the-art plating and stripping performance. The symmetric rGO@3D-Cu cells exhibit stable cycling at 0.1-2 mA cm-2 , while baseline Cu prematurely fails when the current reaches 0.5 mA cm-2 . The half-cells cells of rGO@3D-Cu (no K reservoir) are stable at 0.5 mA cm-2 for 10 000 min (100 cycles), and at 1 mA cm-2 for 5000 min. The baseline 3D-Cu, planar rGO@Cu, and planar Cu foil fails after 5110, 3012, and 1410 min, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Yixian Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| | - Qilin Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Jagjit Nanda
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1591, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tang X, Zhou D, Li P, Guo X, Sun B, Liu H, Yan K, Gogotsi Y, Wang G. MXene-Based Dendrite-Free Potassium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906739. [PMID: 31782559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium metal batteries are considered as attractive alternatives beyond lithium-ion batteries. However, uncontrollable dendrite growth on the potassium metal anode has restrained their practical applications. A high-performance potassium anode achieved by confining potassium metal into a titanium-deficient nitrogen-containing MXene/carbon nanotube freestanding scaffold is reported. The high electronic transport and fast potassium diffusion in this scaffold enable reduced local current density and homogeneous ionic flux during plating/stripping processes. Furthermore, as verified by theoretical calculations and experimental investigations, such "potassium-philic" MXene sheets can induce the nucleation of potassium, and guide potassium to uniformly distribute in the scaffold upon cycling. Consequently, the as-developed potassium metal anodes exhibit a dendrite-free morphology with high Coulombic efficiency and long cycle life during plating/stripping processes. Such anodes also deliver significantly improved electrochemical performances in potassium-sulfur batteries compared with bare potassium metal anodes. This work can provide a new avenue for developing potassium metal-based batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dong Zhou
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210006, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bing Sun
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hao Liu
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kang Yan
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hu Y, Ding H, Bai Y, Liu Z, Chen S, Wu Y, Yu X, Fan L, Lu B. Rational Design of a Polyimide Cathode for a Stable and High-Rate Potassium-Ion Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42078-42085. [PMID: 31647627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium has similar chemical characteristics compared with lithium while it is more abundant and of low cost, resulting in widespread research attention on potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Developing organic polymer cathodes has garnered extensive attention because of their merits of environmental friendship and structure diversity, while confronted with inferior cycle stability and low rate performance. In this paper, we utilize the low-cost graphite nanosheets to stabilize polyimide (PI@G) for PIBs. Additionally, the potassium storage mechanism of PI@G was further evaluated; the highly reversible chemical bonds (C═O) of PI@G are responsible to its long-term stability. Consequently, the PI@G exhibits a maximal capacity of 142 mA h g-1 at the current density of 100 mA g-1 and maintains a capacity of 118 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles (corresponding to a capacity fade of 0.034% per cycle). Moreover, the full battery based on the PI@G cathode also reveals promisingly electrochemical performance. This study may have great significance to the application prospect of the organic cathode for PIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Ding
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
| | - Yongxiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , Gansu , China
| | - Zhaomeng Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
| | - Suhua Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
| | - Yating Wu
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
| | - Xinzhi Yu
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
| | - Ling Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , Hunan , P. R. China
- Fujian Strait Research Institute of Industrial Graphene Technologies , Quanzhou 362000 , Fujian , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ye M, Hwang JY, Sun YK. A 4 V Class Potassium Metal Battery with Extremely Low Overpotential. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9306-9314. [PMID: 31408318 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
K metal anodes usually have a low Coulombic efficiency and poor safety owing to their large volume variation and high chemical reactivity. In this study, a three-dimensional K (3D-K) anode is formed by plating metallic K into hollow N-doped C polyhedrons/graphene (HNCP/G). Then a Sn-based solid-electrolyte interphase layer is conformably coated onto the surface of 3D-K to construct Sn@3D-K. Compared with the typical K-foil anode, the Sn@3D-K anode can significantly reduce the interfacial resistance, improve the K+ ion transport mobility, reduce parasitic reactions, and suppress the formation of K dendrites. Meanwhile, HNCP/G serves as a chemically stable, conductive host to accommodate the volume expansion/shrinkage of Sn@3D-K. Owing to these merits, the symmetric Sn@3D-K cell exhibits low voltage hysteresis (9 mV at 0.2 mA cm-2 after 500 h; 31 mV at 1 mA cm-2 after 100 h). When paired with a Prussian blue (PB)/graphene cathode, the K1.56Mn[Fe(CN)6]1.08/G∥Sn@3D-K battery delivers an average discharge plateau of 4.02 V, an ultralow overpotential of 0.01 V, and a high specific capacity of 147.2 mAh g-1, approaching the theoretical value of K2MnFe(CN)6 (156 mAh g-1). A 4 V class K metal battery that exhibits extremely low overpotential and high specific capacity, which are the best among previously reported PB-based K batteries, is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Ye
- Department of Energy Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
| | - Jang-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Energy Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
| | - Yang-Kook Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Su S, Liu Q, Wang J, Fan L, Ma R, Chen S, Han X, Lu B. Control of SEI Formation for Stable Potassium-Ion Battery Anodes by Bi-MOF-Derived Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22474-22480. [PMID: 31141334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth (Bi)-based electrodes are highly attractive for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) while suffering from a short cycle life due to the larger diameter of K ion, leading to unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films during continuous potassiation/depotassiation. Herein, we developed novel ultrathin carbon film@carbon nanorods@Bi nanoparticle (UCF@CNs@BiN) materials for the long cycle life anode of PIBs. Bi nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in carbon nanorods, which not only provides a high-speed channel for ion transport but also accommodates the volume change of Bi nanoparticles during continuous potassiation/depotassiation processes. The UCF@CN matrix can direct most SEI film formation on the surface of the carbon film, not on the surface of individual Bi nanoparticles, avoiding the fracture of the matrix. Benefiting from their unique structure, the UCF@CNs@BiN anodes exhibit an outstanding capacity of ∼425 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 and a capacity decay of 0.038% per cycle over 600 cycles. Even at a higher current density of 1000 mA g-1, there is a capacity decay as low as 0.036% per cycle during 700 cycles. Meanwhile, this work provides a new way of utilizing the metal-organic framework structure and reveals a highly promising PIB anode.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang C, Qian Y, Ding Y, Zhang L, Guo X, Zhao Y, Yu G. Biredox Eutectic Electrolytes Derived from Organic Redox‐Active Molecules: High‐Energy Storage Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7045-7050. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University 199 Renai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University 199 Renai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang C, Qian Y, Ding Y, Zhang L, Guo X, Zhao Y, Yu G. Biredox Eutectic Electrolytes Derived from Organic Redox‐Active Molecules: High‐Energy Storage Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yumin Qian
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University 199 Renai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Xuelin Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University 199 Renai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kapaev RR, Obrezkov FA, Stevenson KJ, Troshin PA. Metal-ion batteries meet supercapacitors: high capacity and high rate capability rechargeable batteries with organic cathodes and a Na/K alloy anode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11758-11761. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic polymers were used with a NaK-based anode to make ultrafast stable batteries with high energy densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman R. Kapaev
- Center for Energy Science and Technology
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
- Moscow 143026
- Russia
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics RAS
| | - Filipp A. Obrezkov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
- Moscow 143026
- Russia
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Center for Energy Science and Technology
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
- Moscow 143026
- Russia
| | - Pavel A. Troshin
- Center for Energy Science and Technology
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
- Moscow 143026
- Russia
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics RAS
| |
Collapse
|