1
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Beaumont C, Lemieux T, Aivali S, Hamidzad Sangachin M, Gasonoo A, Marcoux St-Pierre T, Bélanger M, Beaupré S, Welch GC, Leclerc M. Highly Transmissive, Processable, Highly Conducting and Stable Polythiophene Derivatives via Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2024:1133-1138. [PMID: 39145595 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of modern optoelectronic devices increases the need for lightweight and flexible transparent conductors. It is thus essential to develop new eco-friendly materials that can be easily processed for the fabrication of such devices. For this purpose, the synthesis of self-doped, highly conducting, transmissive, and water-processable polythiophene derivatives was performed via the direct heteroarylation polymerization method and a protection/deprotection strategy. Stable conductivities up to 1000 S cm-1 have been obtained. Champion materials (P1 and P7) were scaled and processed via the roll-to-roll compatible slot-die coating method to demonstrate their large area applicability. The best coated films exhibited optical transmittance greater than 79% at 550 nm with sheet resistances of 116 Ω □-1. These values are comparable to indium-tin oxide on plastic and thus present a viable alternative to metal oxide-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Lemieux
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stefania Aivali
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Akpeko Gasonoo
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | | | - Serge Beaupré
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Departement of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Iwasaki H, Fujimoto K, Banno K, Shui QJ, Majima Y, Takahashi M, Izawa S. Electron Transfer Enhanced by a Minimal Energetic Driving Force at the Organic-Semiconductor Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407368. [PMID: 38923189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The energetic driving force for electron transfer must be minimized to realize efficient optoelectronic devices including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Exploring the dynamics of a charge-transfer (CT) state at an interface leads to a comprehension of the relationship between energetics, electron-transfer efficiency, and device performance. Here, we investigate the electron transfer from the CT state to the triplet excited state (T1) in upconversion OLEDs with 45 material combinations. By analyzing the CT emission and the singlet excited-state emission from triplet-triplet annihilation via the dark T1, their energetics and electron-transfer efficiencies are extracted. We demonstrate that the CT→T1 electron transfer is enhanced by the stronger CT interaction and a minimal energetic driving force (<0.1 eV), which is explained using the Marcus theory with a small reorganization energy of <0.1 eV. Through our analysis, a novel donor-acceptor combination for the OLED is developed and shows an efficient blue emission with an extremely low turn-on voltage of 1.57 V. This work provides a solution to control interfacial CT states for efficient optoelectronic devices without energy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Iwasaki
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Koki Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Qing-Jun Shui
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Majima
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Wang CI, Maier JC, Jackson NE. Accessing the electronic structure of liquid crystalline semiconductors with bottom-up electronic coarse-graining. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8390-8403. [PMID: 38846409 PMCID: PMC11151863 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between multiscale morphology and electronic structure is a grand challenge for semiconducting soft materials. Computational studies aimed at characterizing these relationships require the complex integration of quantum-chemical (QC) calculations, all-atom and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations, and back-mapping approaches. However, these methods pose substantial computational challenges that limit their application to the requisite length scales of soft material morphologies. Here, we demonstrate the bottom-up electronic coarse-graining (ECG) of morphology-dependent electronic structure in the liquid-crystal-forming semiconductor, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-octyl-benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT). ECG is applied to construct density functional theory (DFT)-accurate valence band Hamiltonians of the isotropic and smectic liquid crystal (LC) phases using only the CG representation of BTBT. By bypassing the atomistic resolution and its prohibitive computational costs, ECG enables the first calculations of the morphology dependence of the electronic structure of charge carriers across LC phases at the ∼20 nm length scale, with robust statistical sampling. Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations reveal a strong morphology dependence on zero-field charge mobility among different LC phases as well as the presence of two-molecule charge carriers that act as traps and hinder charge transport. We leverage these results to further evaluate the feasibility of developing mesoscopic, field-based ECG models in future works. The fully CG approach to electronic property predictions in LC semiconductors opens a new computational direction for designing electronic processes in soft materials at their characteristic length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - J Charlie Maier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 S Mathews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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4
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Albano G, Portus L, Martinelli E, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Impact of Temperature on the Chiroptical Properties of Thin Films of Chiral Thiophene-based Oligomers. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300667. [PMID: 38339881 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
According to the theoretical model based on the Mueller matrix approach, the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) for thin films of chiral organic dyes can be expressed as the sum of several contributions, two of which are the most significant: 1) an intrinsic component (CDiso) invariant upon sample orientation, reflecting the molecular and/or supramolecular chirality, due to 3D-chiral nanoscopic structures; 2) a non-reciprocal component (LDLB) which inverts its sign upon sample flipping, which arises from the interaction of linear dichroism and linear birefringence in locally anisotropic domains, expression of 2D-chiral micro/mesoscopic structures. In this work, we followed in parallel through ECD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the temperature evolution of the supramolecular arrangements of thin films of five structurally related chiral thiophene-based oligomers with different LDLB/CDiso ratio. By increasing the temperature, regardless of phase transitions observed by DSC analysis, systems with strong CDiso revealed no changes in the ECD spectrum, while compounds with dominant LDLB contribution underwent a gradual (and reversible) reduction of (apparent) ECD signals. These findings demonstrated that the concomitant occurrence of intrinsic and non-reciprocal components in the ECD spectrum of thin films of chiral organic dyes is strictly correlated with solid-state organizations of different stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Portus
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Sato K, Hattori K, Uehara F, Kitaguni T, Nishiura T, Yamagata T, Nomura K, Matsumoto N, Tanaka T, Aihara H. A materials informatics driven fine-tuning of triazine-based electron-transport layer for organic light-emitting devices. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4336. [PMID: 38383699 PMCID: PMC10881559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials informatics in the development of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) related materials have been performed and exhibited the effectiveness for finding promising compounds with a desired property. However, the molecular structure optimization of the promising compounds through the conventional approach, namely the fine-tuning of molecules, still involves a significant amount of trial and error. This is because it is challenging to endow a single molecule with all the properties required for practical applications. The present work focused on fine-tuning triazine-based electron-transport materials using machine learning (ML) techniques. The prediction models based on localized datasets containing only triazine derivatives showed high prediction accuracy. The descriptors from density functional theory calculations enhanced the prediction of the glass transition temperature. The proposed multistep virtual screening approach extracted the promising triazine derivatives with the coexistence of higher electron mobility and glass transition temperature. Nine selected triazine compounds from 3,670,000 of the initial search space were synthesized and used as the electron transport layer for practical OLED devices. Their observed properties matched the predicted properties, and they enhanced the current efficiency and lifetime of the device. This paper provides a successful model for the ML assisted fine-tuning that effectively accelerates the development of practical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Sato
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1193, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1123, Japan
| | - Fuminari Uehara
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1123, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kitaguni
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nishiura
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1193, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamagata
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1193, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nomura
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1123, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1123, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1123, Japan
| | - Hidenori Aihara
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1193, Japan
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6
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Bhusanur DI, More KS, Al Kobaisi M, Singh PK, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Self-Assembly of a Tetraphenylethylene-Naphthalene Diimide Donor-Acceptor Molecule. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301046. [PMID: 38180124 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of new π-conjugated molecular structures with controlled self-assembly and distinct photophysical properties is crucial for advancing applications in optoelectronics and biomaterials. This study introduces the synthesis and detailed self-assembly analysis of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI), a novel donor-acceptor molecular structure referred to as TPE-NDI. The investigation specifically focuses on elucidating the self-assembly behavior of TPE-NDI in mixed solvents of varying polarities, namely chloroform: methylcyclohexane (CHCl3 : MCH) and chloroform: methanol (CHCl3 : MeOH). Employing a several analytical methodologies, including UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), these self-assembled systems have been comprehensively examined. The results reveal that TPE-NDI manifests as distinct particles in CHCl3 : MCH (fMCH =90 %), while transitioning to flower-like assemblies in CHCl3 : MeOH (fMeOH =90 %). This finding underscores the critical role of solvent polarity in dictating the morphological characteristics of TPE-NDI self-assembled aggregates. Furthermore, the study proposes a molecular packing mechanism, based on SEM data, offering significant insights into the design and development of functional supramolecular systems. Such advancements in understanding the molecular self-assembly new π-conjugated molecular structures are anticipated to pave the way for novel applications in material science and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar I Bhusanur
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500 007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201 002, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kerba S More
- Department School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, 403 206, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prabhat K Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 400 085, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, 400 094, Mumbai, India
| | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500 007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201 002, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, 585 367, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
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7
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Albano G, Aronica LA, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiral diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-based oligothiophenes: Synthesis and characterization of aggregated states in solution and thin films. Chirality 2024; 36:e23608. [PMID: 37424264 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a family of three structurally related chiral oligothiophenes containing a 1,4-diketo-3,6-diarylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) unit as the central core; functionalized with the same (S)-3,7-dimethyl-1-octyl chains on the nitrogen atoms of lactam moieties, they only differ in the number of lateral thiophene units. The aggregation modes of these π-conjugated chiral systems were evaluated by means of UV-Vis absorption and ECD spectroscopies in conditions of solution aggregation (CHCl3 /MeOH mixtures) and as thin films, describing in particular the impact of the π-conjugation length on the chiroptical properties. Interestingly, we found that the variable number of thiophene units attached to the DPP core affects not only the propensity to aggregation but also the aggregates' helicity. ECD revealed information about the supramolecular arrangement of these molecules, that one would not obtain by using conventional optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Thin film samples revealed very different aggregation modes with respect to solution aggregates, casting doubts on the common assumption that these latter may serve as simple models of the former ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Ren S, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yassar A, Chen J, Zeng M, Yi Z. Preparation of Dye Semiconductors via Coupling Polymerization Catalyzed by Two Catalysts and Application to Transistor. Molecules 2023; 29:71. [PMID: 38202654 PMCID: PMC10780007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic dye semiconductors have received increasing attention as the next generation of semiconductors, and one of their potential applications is as a core component of organic transistors. In this study, two novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dye core-based materials were designed and separately prepared using Stille coupling reactions under different palladium catalyst conditions. The molecular weights and elemental compositions were tested to demonstrate that both catalysts could be used to successfully prepare materials of this structure, with the main differences being the weight-average molecular weight and the dispersion index. PDPP-2Py-2Tz I with a longer conjugation length exhibited better thermodynamic stability than the counterpart polymer PDPP-2Py-2Tz II. The intrinsic optical properties of the polymers were relatively similar, while the electrochemical tests showed small differences in their energy levels. The polymers obtained with different catalysts displayed similar and moderate electron mobility in transistor devices, while PDPP-2Py-2Tz I possessed a higher switching ratio. Our study provides a comparison of such dye materials under different catalytic conditions and also demonstrates the great potential of dye materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Research Institute of Innovation, Hengqin 519000, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Research Institute of Innovation, Hengqin 519000, China;
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9
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Medina Rivero S, Alonso-Navarro MJ, Tonnelé C, Marín-Beloqui JM, Suárez-Blas F, Clarke TM, Kang S, Oh J, Ramos MM, Kim D, Casanova D, Segura JL, Casado J. V-Shaped Tröger Oligothiophenes Boost Triplet Formation by CT Mediation and Symmetry Breaking. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27295-27306. [PMID: 38060544 PMCID: PMC10839832 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A new family of molecules obtained by coupling Tröger's base unit with dicyanovinylene-terminated oligothiophenes of different lengths has been synthesized and characterized by steady-state stationary and transient time-resolved spectroscopies. Quantum chemical calculations allow us to interpret and recognize the properties of the stationary excited states as well as the time-dependent mechanisms of singlet-to-triplet coupling. The presence of the diazocine unit in Tröger's base derivatives is key to efficiently producing singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing mediated by the role of the nitrogen atoms and of the almost orthogonal disposition of the two thiophene arms. Spin-orbit coupling-mediated interstate intersystem crossing (ISC) is activated by a symmetry-breaking process in the first singlet excited state with partial charge transfer character. This mechanism is a characteristic of these molecular triads since the independent dicyanovinylene-oligothiophene branches do not display appreciable ISC. These results show how Tröger's base coupling of organic chromophores can be used to improve the ISC efficiency and tune their photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Medina Rivero
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Matías J. Alonso-Navarro
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
and Environmental Technology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Tonnelé
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Ikerbasque
Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jose M. Marín-Beloqui
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fátima Suárez-Blas
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
and Environmental Technology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department
of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - M. Mar Ramos
- Chemical
and Environmental Technology Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Division
of Energy Materials, Pohang University of
Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Ikerbasque
Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - José L. Segura
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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10
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Hwang T, Park E, Seo J, Tsogbayar D, Ko E, Yang C, Ahn H, Lee DY, Lee HS. Dissecting the Interplay between Organic Charge-Modulated Field-Effect Transistors and Field-Effect Transistors through Interface Control Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53765-53775. [PMID: 37944051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic charge-modulated field-effect transistors (OCMFETs) have garnered significant interest as sensing platforms for diverse applications that include biomaterials and chemical sensors owing to their distinct operational principles. This study aims to improve the understanding of driving mechanisms in OCMFETs and optimize their device performance by investigating the correlation between organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and OCMFETs. By introducing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with different functional groups on the AlOx gate dielectric surface, we explored the impact of the surface characteristics on the electrical behavior of both devices. Our results indicate that the dipole moment of the dielectric surface is a critical control variable in the performance correlation between OFET and OCMFET devices, as it directly impacts the generation of the induced floating gate voltage through the control gate voltage. The insights obtained from this study contribute to the understanding of the factors affecting OCMFET performance and emphasize their potential as platforms for diverse sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyoon Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dashdendev Tsogbayar
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Yang
- Advanced Nano-Surface and Wearable Electronics Research Laboratory, Heat and Surface Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Gyeongbuk, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kumari P, Hajduk B, Bednarski H, Jarka P, Janeczek H, Łapkowski M. Exploring the Influence of P3HT on PTCA Crystallization and Phase Behavior in Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2918. [PMID: 37999272 PMCID: PMC10675274 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermal properties and alignment of crystallinity of materials in thin films play crucial roles in the performance and reliability of various devices, especially in the fields of electronics, materials science, and engineering. The slight variations in the molecular packing of the active layer can make considerable differences in the optical and thermal properties. Herein, we aim to investigate the tuning of the physical properties of a blended thin film of n-type small organic molecules of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA-SMs) with the mixing of the p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The resulting thin films exhibit an enhanced surface crystallinity compared to the pristine material, leading to the formation of long crystallites, and these crystallites are thermally stable in the solid state, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermal analysis using variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (VTSE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We believe that the crystalline structure of the obtained P3HT/PTCA-SMs blends is a combination of edge-on and face-on orientations, which enable the potential use of this material as an active layer in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kumari
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (B.H.); (H.B.); (H.J.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Barbara Hajduk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (B.H.); (H.B.); (H.J.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Henryk Bednarski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (B.H.); (H.B.); (H.J.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Paweł Jarka
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (B.H.); (H.B.); (H.J.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (B.H.); (H.B.); (H.J.); (M.Ł.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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12
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Debnath I, Roy T, Borah D, Mahata K. Stable peri-Naphthoisatogens without C2 Protection: Synthesis via Aldrone Condensation, Optical Properties and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300827. [PMID: 37929899 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
peri-Annulation of naphthalane, an important tool for realization of wide range of functional materials, is presently accomplished with limited few functional groups like imide, amide and diamine-derivative (perimidine). To increase the diversity, we have incorporated α-keto aldonitrone as a new functional group, and herein report about five peri-naphthoisatogens (PNTIs) dyes. The synthesis were accomplished using an unusual reaction of aromatic nitro group, which is nucleophilic attack of a C-nucleophile (enol) to the N-atom of nitro group. In five different 5-alkylamino-8-nitro-1-acetylnaphthalenes, intramolecular acid-catalyzed nucleophilic attack of enol moiety to the N-atom of nitro group produced α-keto aldonitrone via addition-elimination mechanism. The PNTIs showed characteristics of 1,3-dipole and reacted with ethyl acrylate to produce isoxazolidine ring, which subsequently converted into aza phenalenone derivative via ring cleavage. Both the PNTI and the corresponding derivative strongly absorb in the visible region, displaying absorption maximum at 551 and 561 nm (in CHCl3 ) respectively. Compared to the popular analogous dye naphthalene monoimides, PNTIs showed bathochromic shift of absorption maximum by more than 100 nm. The emission maximum for the PNTI and its derivative in chloroform were observed at 594 and 635 nm respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Tirupati Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dharismita Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kingsuk Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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13
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Kobayashi Y, Miyake Y, Ishiwari F, Ishiwata S, Saeki A. Machine learning of atomic force microscopy images of organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15107-15113. [PMID: 37207099 PMCID: PMC10189247 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulk heterojunction structures of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been overlooked in their machine learning (ML) approach despite their presumably significant impact on power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, we examined the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images to construct an ML model for predicting the PCE of polymer : non-fullerene molecular acceptor OPVs. We manually collected experimentally observed AFM images from the literature, applied data curing and performed image analyses (fast Fourier transform, FFT; gray-level co-occurrence matrix, GLCM; histogram analysis, HA) and ML linear regression. The accuracy of the model did not considerably improve even by including AFM data in addition to the chemical structure fingerprints, material properties and process parameters. However, we found that a specific spatial wavelength of FFT (40-65 nm) significantly affects PCE. The GLCM and HA methods, such as homogeneity, correlation and skewness expand the scope of image analysis and artificial intelligence in materials science research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Interactive Materials Science CADET, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yuta Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University 1-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishiwata
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University 1-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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14
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Chen K, Kunkel C, Cheng B, Reuter K, Margraf JT. Physics-inspired machine learning of localized intensive properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4913-4922. [PMID: 37181767 PMCID: PMC10171074 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00841j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has been widely applied to chemical property prediction, most prominently for the energies and forces in molecules and materials. The strong interest in predicting energies in particular has led to a 'local energy'-based paradigm for modern atomistic ML models, which ensures size-extensivity and a linear scaling of computational cost with system size. However, many electronic properties (such as excitation energies or ionization energies) do not necessarily scale linearly with system size and may even be spatially localized. Using size-extensive models in these cases can lead to large errors. In this work, we explore different strategies for learning intensive and localized properties, using HOMO energies in organic molecules as a representative test case. In particular, we analyze the pooling functions that atomistic neural networks use to predict molecular properties, and suggest an orbital weighted average (OWA) approach that enables the accurate prediction of orbital energies and locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 D-14195 Berlin Germany
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
- Institute of Science and Technology Am Campus 1 3400 Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Christian Kunkel
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bingqing Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology Am Campus 1 3400 Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 D-14195 Berlin Germany
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 D-14195 Berlin Germany
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15
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Garg R, Patra NR, Samal S, Babbar S, Parida K. A review on accelerated development of skin-like MXene electrodes: from experimental to machine learning. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8110-8133. [PMID: 37096943 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05969j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Foreshadowing future needs has catapulted the progress of skin-like electronic devices for human-machine interactions. These devices possess human skin-like properties such as stretchability, self-healability, transparency, biocompatibility, and wearability. This review highlights the recent progress in a promising material, MXenes, to realize soft, deformable, skin-like electrodes. Various structural designs, fabrication strategies, and rational guidelines adopted to realize MXene-based skin-like electrodes are outlined. We explicitly discussed machine learning-based material informatics to understand and predict the properties of MXenes. Finally, an outlook on the existing challenges and the future roadmap to realize soft skin-like MXene electrodes to facilitate technological advances in the next-generation human-machine interactions has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Garg
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Shubham Babbar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Kim TH, Zhou Z, Choi YS, Costanza V, Wang L, Bahng JH, Higdon NJ, Yun Y, Kang H, Kim S, Daraio C. Flexible biomimetic block copolymer composite for temperature and long-wave infrared sensing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0423. [PMID: 36763652 PMCID: PMC9916982 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological compounds often provide clues to advance material designs. Replicating their molecular structure and functional motifs in artificial materials offers a blueprint for unprecedented functionalities. Here, we report a flexible biomimetic thermal sensing (BTS) polymer that is designed to emulate the ion transport dynamics of a plant cell wall component, pectin. Using a simple yet versatile synthetic procedure, we engineer the physicochemical properties of the polymer by inserting elastic fragments in a block copolymer architecture, making it flexible and stretchable. The thermal response of our flexible polymer outperforms current state-of-the-art temperature sensing materials, including vanadium oxide, by up to two orders of magnitude. Thermal sensors fabricated from these composites exhibit a sensitivity that exceeds 10 mK and operate stably between 15° and 55°C, even under repeated mechanical deformations. We demonstrate the use of our flexible BTS polymer in two-dimensional arrays for spatiotemporal temperature mapping and broadband infrared photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Zhun Zhou
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yeong Suk Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Vincenzo Costanza
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Linghui Wang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Joong Hwan Bahng
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Higdon
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Chiara Daraio
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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18
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Connecting the dots for fundamental understanding of structure-photophysics-property relationships of COFs, MOFs, and perovskites using a Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1040-1064. [PMID: 36756323 PMCID: PMC9891456 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as conjugated polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered perovskites, display intriguing photophysical signatures upon interaction with light. Elucidating structure-photophysics-property relationships across a broad range of functional materials is nontrivial and requires our fundamental understanding of the intricate interplay among excitons (electron-hole pair), polarons (charges), bipolarons, phonons (vibrations), inter-layer stacking interactions, and different forms of structural and conformational defects. In parallel with electronic structure modeling and data-driven science that are actively pursued to successfully accelerate materials discovery, an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and physically-motivated theoretical model, which consistently makes quantitative connections with conceptually complicated experimental observations, is equally important. Within this context, the first part of this perspective highlights a unified theoretical framework in which the electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can be efficiently described for a broad range of quasiparticles with similarly structured Holstein-style vibronic Hamiltonians. The second part of this perspective discusses excitonic and polaronic photophysical signatures in polymers, COFs, MOFs, and perovskites, and attempts to bridge the gap between different research fields using a common theoretical construct - the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. We envision that the synergistic integration of state-of-the-art computational approaches with the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism will help identify and establish new, transformative design strategies that will guide the synthesis and characterization of next-generation energy materials optimized for a broad range of optoelectronic, spintronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
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19
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Stroet M, Sanderson S, Sanzogni AV, Nada S, Lee T, Caron B, Mark AE, Burn PL. PyThinFilm: Automated Molecular Dynamics Simulation Protocols for the Generation of Thin Film Morphologies. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2-8. [PMID: 36539938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The performance of organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells (OSCs), is intrinsically related to the molecular-scale morphology of the thin films from which they are composed. However, the experimental characterization of morphology at the molecular level is challenging due to the often amorphous or at best semicrystalline nature of these films. Classical molecular modeling techniques, such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, are increasingly used to understand the relationship between morphology and the properties of thin-film devices. PyThinFilm (github.com/ATB-UQ/PyThinFilm) is an open-source Python package which allows fully automated MD simulations of thin film growth to be performed using vacuum and/or solution deposition processes. PyThinFilm utilizes the GROMACS simulation package in combination with interaction parameters from the Automated Topology Builder (atb.uq.edu.au). Here, PyThinFilm is described along with an overview of applications in which PyThinFilm has been used to study the thin films of organic semiconductor materials typically used in OLEDs and OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stroet
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia.,Molecular Dynamics Group, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Stephen Sanderson
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland4811, Australia
| | - Audrey V Sanzogni
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia.,Molecular Dynamics Group, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Sharif Nada
- Molecular Dynamics Group, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Lee
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia.,Molecular Dynamics Group, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Bertrand Caron
- Molecular Dynamics Group, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Alan E Mark
- Molecular Dynamics Group, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
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20
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Kazak AV, Marchenkova MA, Nabatov BV, Rykov IV, Dubinina TV, Chausov DN. Effect of the Structure of Substituted Naphthalocyanines on Their Optical Properties in Thin Films. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Sami S, Alessandri R, W. Wijaya JB, Grünewald F, de Vries AH, Marrink SJ, Broer R, Havenith RWA. Strategies for Enhancing the Dielectric Constant of Organic Materials. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:19462-19469. [PMID: 36425002 PMCID: PMC9677499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High dielectric constant organic semiconductors, often obtained by the use of ethylene glycol (EG) side chains, have gained attention in recent years in the efforts of improving the device performance for various applications. Dielectric constant enhancements due to EGs have been demonstrated extensively, but various effects, such as the choice of the particular molecule and the frequency and temperature regime, that determine the extent of this enhancement require further understanding. In this work, we study these effects by means of polarizable molecular dynamics simulations on a carefully selected set of fullerene derivatives with EG side chains. The selection allows studying the dielectric response in terms of both the number and length of EG chains and also the choice of the group connecting the fullerene to the EG chain. The computed time- and frequency-dependent dielectric responses reveal that the experimentally observed rise of the dielectric constant within the kilo/megahertz regime for some molecules is likely due to the highly stretched dielectric response of the EGs: the initial sharp increase over the first few nanoseconds is followed by a smaller but persistent increase in the range of microseconds. Additionally, our computational protocol allows the separation of different factors that contribute to the overall dielectric constant, providing insights to make several molecular design guides for future organic materials in order to enhance their dielectric constant further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Sami
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff B. W. Wijaya
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Grünewald
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H. de Vries
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ria Broer
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-(S3), B-9000Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Albano G, Zinna F, Urraci F, Capozzi MAM, Pescitelli G, Punzi A, Di Bari L, Farinola GM. Aggregation Modes of Chiral Diketopyrrolo[3,4‐
c
]pyrrole Dyes in Solution and Thin Films. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201178. [PMID: 35674127 PMCID: PMC9545290 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The chiroptical features of chiral diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives have been only marginally investigated to date. In this regard, we have synthesized ad hoc four chiral DPP dyes, functionalized with enantiopure alkyl groups from natural sources either on the lactam moieties or on the terminal positions of the π‐conjugated backbone, to promote an efficient self‐assembly into chiral supramolecular structures. For each of them, the aggregation modes has been investigated by absorbance and ECD spectroscopies in conditions of solution aggregation and on thin films, considering the effects of deposition technique (drop casting vs. spin coating) and post‐deposition operations (solvent and thermal annealing). The effect of the structure of lateral π‐conjugated units attached to the central DPP scaffold, as well as that of the position of the alkyl chiral group, has been assessed. ECD revealed superior capability, compared to absorbance spectroscopy, to provide information on the aggregation modes and to detect the possible co‐existence of multiple aggregation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Francesco Urraci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Angela Punzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
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23
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Marrink SJ, Monticelli L, Melo MN, Alessandri R, Tieleman DP, Souza PCT. Two decades of Martini: Better beads, broader scope. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Luca Monticelli
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB ‐ UMR 5086) CNRS & University of Lyon Lyon France
| | - Manuel N. Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Riccardo Alessandri
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Paulo C. T. Souza
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB ‐ UMR 5086) CNRS & University of Lyon Lyon France
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24
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Özdemir AD, Kaiser S, Neumann T, Symalla F, Wenzel W. Systematic kMC Study of Doped Hole Injection Layers in Organic Electronics. Front Chem 2022; 9:809415. [PMID: 35118050 PMCID: PMC8804170 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.809415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) play an important role in commercial displays and are promising candidates for energy-efficient lighting applications. Although they have been continuously developed since their discovery in 1987, some unresolved challenges remain. The performance of OLEDs is determined by a multifaceted interplay of materials and device architectures. A commonly used technique to overcome the charge injection barrier from the electrodes to the organic layers, are doped injection layers. The optimization of doped injection layers is critical for high-efficiency OLED devices, but has been driven mainly by chemical intuition and experimental experience, slowing down the progress in this field. Therefore, computer-aided methods for material and device modeling are promising tools to accelerate the device development process. In this work, we studied the effect of doped hole injection layers on the injection barrier in dependence on material and layer properties by using a parametric kinetic Monte Carlo model. We were able to quantitatively elucidate the influence of doping concentration, material properties, and layer thickness on the injection barrier and device conductivity, leading to the conclusion that our kMC model is suitable for virtual device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Deniz Özdemir
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Kaiser
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Wenzel ,
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25
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Sakaino H, Meskers SCJ, Meijer EW, Vantomme G. Charge transport in liquid crystal network of terthiophene-siloxane block molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12819-12822. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report that mesogens consisting of a terthiophene core and discrete oligodimethylsiloxane side-chains terminated by acrylate units can be photopolymerized in the columnar phase with retention of nanoscale order and charge transport capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sakaino
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Electronic & Imaging Materials Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 3-1-2 Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0842, Japan
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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26
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Shepovalov KM, Benassi E, Peshkov RY, Mostovich EA. Symmetric Spirenes: Promising Building Blocks for New Generation Opto-Electronic Materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16836-16851. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01920e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spiroconjugated hydrocarbons, and in particular spirenes, show unique properties among the numerous π-conjugated materials; they are quite rigid systems, with a subsequently small excitation reorganisation energy, and hence are...
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27
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Miyake Y, Saeki A. Machine Learning-Assisted Development of Organic Solar Cell Materials: Issues, Analyses, and Outlooks. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12391-12401. [PMID: 34939806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene, a small molecular electron acceptor, has substantially improved the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). However, the large structural freedom of π-conjugated polymers and molecules makes it difficult to explore with limited resources. Machine learning, which is based on rapidly growing artificial intelligence technology, is a high-throughput method to accelerate the speed of material design and process optimization; however, it suffers from limitations in terms of prediction accuracy, interpretability, data collection, and available data (particularly, experimental data). This recognition motivates the present Perspective, which focuses on utilizing the experimental data set for ML to efficiently aid OPV research. This Perspective discusses the trends in ML-OPV publications, the NFA category, and the effects of data size and explanatory variables (fingerprints or Mordred descriptors) on the prediction accuracy and explainability, which broadens the scope of ML and would be useful for the development of next-generation solar cell materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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28
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Xu Y, Liu X, Cao X, Huang C, Liu E, Qian S, Liu X, Wu Y, Dong F, Qiu CW, Qiu J, Hua K, Su W, Wu J, Xu H, Han Y, Fu C, Yin Z, Liu M, Roepman R, Dietmann S, Virta M, Kengara F, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhao T, Dai J, Yang J, Lan L, Luo M, Liu Z, An T, Zhang B, He X, Cong S, Liu X, Zhang W, Lewis JP, Tiedje JM, Wang Q, An Z, Wang F, Zhang L, Huang T, Lu C, Cai Z, Wang F, Zhang J. Artificial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scientific research. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100179. [PMID: 34877560 PMCID: PMC8633405 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry. The challenges that each discipline of science meets, and the potentials of AI techniques to handle these challenges, are discussed in detail. Moreover, we shed light on new research trends entailing the integration of AI into each scientific discipline. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad research guideline on fundamental sciences with potential infusion of AI, to help motivate researchers to deeply understand the state-of-the-art applications of AI-based fundamental sciences, and thereby to help promote the continuous development of these fundamental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xu
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changping Huang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enke Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Sen Qian
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengliang Dong
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Junjun Qiu
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wentao Su
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiyu Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Han
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenguang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Medical Center, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrick Kengara
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Bomet University College, Bomet 20400, Kenya
| | - Ze Zhang
- Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- Agriculture College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Taolan Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ji Dai
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Liang Lan
- Department of Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Luo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhaofeng Liu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao An
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - James P. Lewis
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhulin An
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3FL, UK
| | - Zhipeng Cai
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Kiselev AN, Zaitseva SV, Zdanovich SA, Shagalov EV, Aleksandriysky VV, Syrbu SA, Koifman OI. Direct Cobalt‐Catalyzed Phosphorylation of Porphyrins. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Kiselev
- Laboratory 2–2 New materials based on macrocyclic compounds G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Akademicheskaya st. Ivanovo 153045 Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Zaitseva
- Laboratory 2–2 New materials based on macrocyclic compounds G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Akademicheskaya st. Ivanovo 153045 Russia
| | - Sergei A. Zdanovich
- Laboratory 2–2 New materials based on macrocyclic compounds G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Akademicheskaya st. Ivanovo 153045 Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Shagalov
- Faculty of Organic Chemistry and Technology Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetevsky Pr. Ivanovo 153000 Russia
| | - Viktor V. Aleksandriysky
- Faculty of Organic Chemistry and Technology Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetevsky Pr. Ivanovo 153000 Russia
| | - Sergei A. Syrbu
- Laboratory 2–2 New materials based on macrocyclic compounds G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Akademicheskaya st. Ivanovo 153045 Russia
| | - Oscar I. Koifman
- Laboratory 2–2 New materials based on macrocyclic compounds G. A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Akademicheskaya st. Ivanovo 153045 Russia
- Faculty of Organic Chemistry and Technology Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetevsky Pr. Ivanovo 153000 Russia
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30
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Dogan G, Demir SO, Gutzler R, Gruhn H, Dayan CB, Sanli UT, Silber C, Culha U, Sitti M, Schütz G, Grévent C, Keskinbora K. Bayesian Machine Learning for Efficient Minimization of Defects in ALD Passivation Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54503-54515. [PMID: 34735111 PMCID: PMC8603353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is an enabling technology for encapsulating sensitive materials owing to its high-quality, conformal coating capability. Finding the optimum deposition parameters is vital to achieving defect-free layers; however, the high dimensionality of the parameter space makes a systematic study on the improvement of the protective properties of ALD films challenging. Machine-learning (ML) methods are gaining credibility in materials science applications by efficiently addressing these challenges and outperforming conventional techniques. Accordingly, this study reports the ML-based minimization of defects in an ALD-Al2O3 passivation layer for the corrosion protection of metallic copper using Bayesian optimization (BO). In all experiments, BO consistently minimizes the layer defect density by finding the optimum deposition parameters in less than three trials. Electrochemical tests show that the optimized layers have virtually zero film porosity and achieve five orders of magnitude reduction in corrosion current as compared to control samples. Optimized parameters of surface pretreatment using Ar/H2 plasma, the deposition temperature above 200 °C, and 60 ms pulse time quadruple the corrosion resistance. The significant optimization of ALD layers presented in this study demonstrates the effectiveness of BO and its potential outreach to a broader audience, focusing on different materials and processes in materials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Dogan
- Robert
Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 13 42, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sinan O. Demir
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Herbert Gruhn
- Robert
Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering , Robert-Bosch-Campus1, 71272 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cem B. Dayan
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Umut T. Sanli
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Silber
- Robert
Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 13 42, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Utku Culha
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gisela Schütz
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Corinne Grévent
- Robert
Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 13 42, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Kahraman Keskinbora
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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31
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Omar ÖH, Del Cueto M, Nematiaram T, Troisi A. High-throughput virtual screening for organic electronics: a comparative study of alternative strategies. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:13557-13583. [PMID: 34745630 PMCID: PMC8515942 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc03256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the field of high-throughput virtual screening for organic electronics materials focusing on the sequence of methodological choices that determine each virtual screening protocol. These choices are present in all high-throughput virtual screenings and addressing them systematically will lead to optimised workflows and improve their applicability. We consider the range of properties that can be computed and illustrate how their accuracy can be determined depending on the quality and size of the experimental datasets. The approaches to generate candidates for virtual screening are also extremely varied and their relative strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The analysis of high-throughput virtual screening is almost never limited to the identification of top candidates and often new patterns and structure-property relations are the most interesting findings of such searches. The review reveals a very dynamic field constantly adapting to match an evolving landscape of applications, methodologies and datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer H Omar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Marcos Del Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | | | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK
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32
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Kaiser S, Kotadiya NB, Rohloff R, Fediai A, Symalla F, Neumann T, Wetzelaer GJAH, Blom PWM, Wenzel W. De Novo Simulation of Charge Transport through Organic Single-Carrier Devices. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6416-6422. [PMID: 34590481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In amorphous organic semiconductor devices, electrons and holes are transported through layers of small organic molecules or polymers. The overall performance of the device depends both on the material and the device configuration. Measuring a single device configuration requires a large effort of synthesizing the molecules and fabricating the device, rendering the search for promising materials in the vast molecular space both nontrivial and time-consuming. This effort could be greatly reduced by computing the device characteristics from the first principles. Here, we compute transport characteristics of unipolar single-layer devices of prototypical hole- and electron-transporting materials, N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (α-NPD) and 2,2',2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) using a first-principles multiscale approach that requires only the molecular constituents and the device geometry. This approach of generating a digital twin of the entire device can be extended to multilayer stacks and enables the computer design of materials and devices to facilitate systematic improvement of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kaiser
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Naresh B Kotadiya
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland Rohloff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Artem Fediai
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Franz Symalla
- Nanomatch GmbH, Griesbachstr. 5, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Neumann
- Nanomatch GmbH, Griesbachstr. 5, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Chaplygin DA, Gorbunov YK, Fershtat LL. Ring Distortion Diversity‐Oriented Approach to Fully Substituted Furoxans and Isoxazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Chaplygin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russia
| | - Yaroslav K. Gorbunov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991 Leninskie Gory 1-3 Moscow Russia
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Leninsky prospect, 47 Moscow Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics 101000 Myasnitskaya str. 20 Moscow Russia
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34
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Váňa L, Jakubec M, Sýkora J, Císařová I, Storch J, Církva V. Synthesis of Aza[ n]phenacenes ( n = 4-6) via Photocyclodehydrochlorination of 2-Chloro- N-aryl-1-naphthamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13252-13264. [PMID: 34533022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the synthesis of aza[n]phenacenes was successfully developed utilizing photocyclodehydrochlorination reaction of 2-chloro-N-aryl-1-naphthamides. In these key intermediates, the factors influencing the photoreaction were studied. The target aza[n]phenacenes were obtained by triflation or chlorination from prepared phenanthridinones, followed by hydrogenation. The introduction of a nitrogen atom into a phenacene skeleton induced changes in the physicochemical properties. The important properties of prepared aza[n]phenacenes (n = 4-6) were studied experimentally and by density functional theory calculations and were compared to those of their carbo analogues. Furthermore, some important features of the crystalline aza[n]phenacenes were investigated, including intermolecular interaction in the crystal lattice and the increased solubility or decreased melting points.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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35
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Doat O, Barboza BH, Batagin‐Neto A, Bégué D, Hiorns RC. Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Doat
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Bruno H Barboza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences, POSMAT Bauru Brazil
| | | | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
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36
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Armleder J, Strunk T, Symalla F, Friederich P, Enrique Olivares Peña J, Neumann T, Wenzel W, Fediai A. Computing Charging and Polarization Energies of Small Organic Molecules Embedded into Amorphous Materials with Quantum Accuracy. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3727-3738. [PMID: 34038113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ionization potential, electron affinity, and cation/anion polarization energies (IP, EA, P(+), P(-)) of organic molecules determine injection barriers, charge carriers balance, doping efficiency, and light outcoupling in organic electronics devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Computing IP and EA of isolated molecules is a common task for quantum chemistry methods. However, once molecules are embedded in an amorphous organic matrix, IP and EA values change, and accurate predictions become challenging. Here, we present a revised quantum embedding method [Friederich et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2014, 10 (9), 3720-3725] that accurately predicts the dielectric permittivity and ionization potentials in three test materials, NPB, TCTA, and C60, and allows straightforward interpretation of their nature. The method paves the way toward reliable virtual screening of amorphous organic semiconductors with targeted IP/EA, polarization energies, and relative dielectric permittivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Armleder
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Strunk
- Nanomatch GmbH, Griesbachstraße 5, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franz Symalla
- Nanomatch GmbH, Griesbachstraße 5, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pascal Friederich
- Nanomatch GmbH, Griesbachstraße 5, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Neumann
- Nanomatch GmbH, Griesbachstraße 5, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Artem Fediai
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
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37
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Reiser P, Konrad M, Fediai A, Léon S, Wenzel W, Friederich P. Analyzing Dynamical Disorder for Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors via Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3750-3759. [PMID: 33944566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are indispensable for today's display technologies in the form of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and further optoelectronic applications. However, organic materials do not reach the same charge carrier mobility as inorganic semiconductors, limiting the efficiency of devices. To find or even design new organic semiconductors with higher charge carrier mobility, computational approaches, in particular multiscale models, are becoming increasingly important. However, such models are computationally very costly, especially when large systems and long timescales are required, which is the case to compute static and dynamic energy disorder, i.e., the dominant factor to determine charge transport. Here, we overcome this drawback by integrating machine learning models into multiscale simulations. This allows us to obtain unprecedented insight into relevant microscopic materials properties, in particular static and dynamic disorder contributions for a series of application-relevant molecules. We find that static disorder and thus the distribution of shallow traps are highly asymmetrical for many materials, impacting widely considered Gaussian disorder models. We furthermore analyze characteristic energy level fluctuation times and compare them to typical hopping rates to evaluate the importance of dynamic disorder for charge transport. We hope that our findings will significantly improve the accuracy of computational methods used to predict application-relevant materials properties of organic semiconductors and thus make these methods applicable for virtual materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Reiser
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Am Fasanengarten 5, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Manuel Konrad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Artem Fediai
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Salvador Léon
- Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering and Environment, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Pascal Friederich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Am Fasanengarten 5, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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38
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Alessandri R, Grünewald F, Marrink SJ. The Martini Model in Materials Science. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008635. [PMID: 33956373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Martini model, a coarse-grained force field initially developed with biomolecular simulations in mind, has found an increasing number of applications in the field of soft materials science. The model's underlying building block principle does not pose restrictions on its application beyond biomolecular systems. Here, the main applications to date of the Martini model in materials science are highlighted, and a perspective for the future developments in this field is given, particularly in light of recent developments such as the new version of the model, Martini 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Grünewald
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
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39
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Li QY, Yao ZF, Wang JY, Pei J. Multi-level aggregation of conjugated small molecules and polymers: from morphology control to physical insights. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:076601. [PMID: 33887704 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abfaad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of molecules is a multi-molecular phenomenon occurring when two or more molecules behave differently from discrete molecules due to their intermolecular interactions. Moving beyond single molecules, aggregation usually demonstrates evolutive or wholly emerging new functionalities relative to the molecular components. Conjugated small molecules and polymers interact with each other, resulting in complex solution-state aggregates and solid-state microstructures. Optoelectronic properties of conjugated small molecules and polymers are sensitively determined by their aggregation states across a broad range of spatial scales. This review focused on the aggregation ranging from molecular structure, intermolecular interactions, solution-state assemblies, and solid-state microstructures of conjugated small molecules and polymers. We addressed the importance of such aggregation in filling the gaps from the molecular level to device functions and highlighted the multi-scale structures and properties at different scales. From the view of multi-level aggregation behaviors, we divided the whole process from the molecule to devices into several parts: molecular design, solvation, solution-state aggregation, crystal engineering, and solid-state microstructures. We summarized the progress and challenges of relationships between optoelectronic properties and multi-level aggregation. We believe aggregation science will become an interdisciplinary research field and serves as a general platform to develop future materials with the desired functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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40
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Hassanien AM. Surface topology, optical spectroscopic and electrical studies on boron subphthalocyanine chloride thin films. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1924189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Hassanien
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities - Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
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41
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McCosker PM, Butler NM, Shakoori A, Volland MK, Perry MJ, Mullen JW, Willis AC, Clark T, Bremner JB, Guldi DM, Keller PA. The Cascade Reactions of Indigo with Propargyl Substrates for Heterocyclic and Photophysical Diversity. Chemistry 2021; 27:3708-3721. [PMID: 32885487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of structurally diverse heterocycles for chemical space exploration was achieved via the cascade reactions of indigo with propargylic electrophiles. New pyrazinodiindolodione, naphthyridinedione, azepinodiindolone, oxazinoindolone and pyrrolodione products were prepared in one pot reactions by varying the leaving group (-Cl, -Br, -OMs, -OTs) or propargyl terminal functionality (-H, -Me, -Ph, -Ar). Mechanistic and density functional theory studies revealed that the unsaturated propargyl moiety can behave as an electrophile when aromatic terminal substitutions are made, and therefore competes with leaving group substitution for new outcomes. Selected products from the cascade reactions were investigated for their absorption and fluorescence properties, including transient absorption spectroscopy. This revealed polarity dependent excited state relaxation pathways, fluorescence, and triplet formation, thus highlighting these reactions as a means to access diverse functional materials rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCosker
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicholas M Butler
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Alireza Shakoori
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Michel K Volland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Perry
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jesse W Mullen
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony C Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John B Bremner
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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42
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Abstract
Four decades of molecular theory and computation have helped form the modern understanding of the physical chemistry of organic semiconductors. Whereas these efforts have historically centered around characterizations of electronic structure at the single-molecule or dimer scale, emerging trends in noncrystalline molecular and polymeric semiconductors are motivating the need for modeling techniques capable of morphological and electronic structure predictions at the mesoscale. Provided the challenges associated with these prediction tasks, the community has begun to evolve a computational toolkit for organic semiconductors incorporating techniques from the fields of soft matter, coarse-graining, and machine learning. Here, we highlight recent advances in coarse-grained methodologies aimed at the multiscale characterization of noncrystalline organic semiconductors. As organic semiconductor performance is dependent on the interplay of mesoscale morphology and molecular electronic structure, specific emphasis is placed on coarse-grained modeling approaches capable of both structural and electronic predictions without recourse to all-atom representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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43
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Hassan Omar O, Falcone M, Operamolla A, Albano G. Impact of chirality on the aggregation modes of l-phenylalanine- and d-glucose-decorated phenylene–thiophene oligomers. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Three l-phenylalanine- or d-glucose-decorated phenylene–thiophene oligomers have been studied using UV-Vis and ECD spectroscopies in different conditions of solution aggregation and thin films, investigating the impact of chirality on their aggregation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hassan Omar
- CNR-ICCOM-BARI Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici
- Via Edoardo Orabona 4
- Bari 70126
- Italy
| | - Marta Falcone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13
- Pisa 56124
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13
- Pisa 56124
- Italy
| | - Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13
- Pisa 56124
- Italy
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44
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Yao ZF, Wang JY, Pei J. High-performance polymer field-effect transistors: from the perspective of multi-level microstructures. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1193-1205. [PMID: 34163881 PMCID: PMC8179153 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-level microstructure of conjugated polymers is the most critical parameter determining the charge transport property in field-effect transistors (FETs). However, controlling the hierarchical microstructures and the structural evolution remains a significant challenge. In this perspective, we discuss the key aspects of multi-level microstructures of conjugated polymers towards high-performance FETs. We highlight the recent progress in the molecular structures, solution-state aggregation, and polymer crystal structures, representing the multi-level microstructures of conjugated polymers. By tuning polymer hierarchical microstructures, we attempt to provide several guidelines for developing high-performance polymer FETs and polymer electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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45
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Coley CW, Eyke NS, Jensen KF. Autonome Entdeckung in den chemischen Wissenschaften, Teil II: Ausblick. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Natalie S. Eyke
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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46
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Albano G, Aronica LA, Minotto A, Cacialli F, Di Bari L. Chiral Oligothiophenes with Remarkable Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Electroluminescence in Thin Films. Chemistry 2020; 26:16622-16627. [PMID: 32965707 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first observation of circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) in thin films of self-organized oligothiophenes. Four new 1,4-phenylene and 9H-carbazole-based oligothiophenes were ad hoc designed to ensure efficient spontaneous formation of chiral supramolecular order. They were easily synthesized and their chiroptical properties in thin films were measured. Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra revealed glum in the order of 10-2 on a wide wavelengths range, originating from their self-organized chiral supramolecular organization. These molecules have reasonable properties as organic semiconductors and for this reason they can constitute the active layer of circularly-polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). Thus, we could investigate directly their electroluminescence (EL) and CPEL, without resorting to blends, but rather in a simple multilayer device with basic architecture. This is the first example of a CP-OLED with active layer made only of a small organic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Present address: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Antonella Aronica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre, for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre, for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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47
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Friederich P, León S, Perea JD, Roch LM, Aspuru-Guzik A. The influence of sorbitol doping on aggregation and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS: a theoretical study. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ab983b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many organic electronics applications such as organic solar cells or thermoelectric generators rely on PEDOT:PSS as a conductive polymer that is printable and transparent. It was found that doping PEDOT:PSS with sorbitol enhances the conductivity through morphological changes. However, the microscopic mechanism is not well understood. In this work, we combine computational tools with machine learning to investigate changes in morphological and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS when doped with sorbitol. We find that sorbitol improves the alignment of PEDOT oligomers, leading to a reduction of energy disorder and an increase in electronic couplings between PEDOT chains. The high accuracy (r
2 > 0.9) and speed up of energy level predictions of neural networks compared to density functional theory enables us to analyze HOMO energies of PEDOT oligomers as a function of time. We find a surprisingly low degree of static energy disorder compared to other organic semiconductors. This finding might help to better understand the microscopic origin of the high charge carrier mobility of PEDOT:PSS in general and potentially help to design new conductive polymers.
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48
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Häse F, Roch LM, Friederich P, Aspuru-Guzik A. Designing and understanding light-harvesting devices with machine learning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4587. [PMID: 32917886 PMCID: PMC7486390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental processes of light-harvesting is crucial to the development of clean energy materials and devices. Biological organisms have evolved complex metabolic mechanisms to efficiently convert sunlight into chemical energy. Unraveling the secrets of this conversion has inspired the design of clean energy technologies, including solar cells and photocatalytic water splitting. Describing the emergence of macroscopic properties from microscopic processes poses the challenge to bridge length and time scales of several orders of magnitude. Machine learning experiences increased popularity as a tool to bridge the gap between multi-level theoretical models and Edisonian trial-and-error approaches. Machine learning offers opportunities to gain detailed scientific insights into the underlying principles governing light-harvesting phenomena and can accelerate the fabrication of light-harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Häse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
- CIFAR AI Chair, Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 214 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Loïc M Roch
- CIFAR AI Chair, Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 214 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- ChemOS Sàrl, Lausanne, VD, 1006, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Friederich
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 214 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Insititute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- CIFAR AI Chair, Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M1, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 214 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Lebovic Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M1, Canada.
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Opoku H, Lee JH, Nketia-Yawson B, Bae S, Lee JJ, Ahn H, Jo JW. Configurationally Random Polythiophene for Improved Polymer Ordering and Charge-Transporting Ability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40599-40606. [PMID: 32805855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Random polythiophene polymers are characterized by the arbitrary sequences of monomeric units along polymer backbones. These untailored orientations generally result in the twisting of thiophene rings out of the conjugation planarity in addition to steric repulsions experienced among substituted alkyl chains. These tendencies have limited close polymer packing, which has been detrimental to charge transport in these moieties. To ameliorate charge transport in these classes of polymers, we make use of simple Stille coupling polymerization to synthesize highly random polythiophene polymers. We induced a positive microstructural change between polymer chains by attuning the ratio between alkyl-substituted and nonalkyl-substituted monomer units along the backbones. The optimized random polythiophene was found to have enhanced intermolecular interaction, increased size of crystallites, and stronger tendency to take edge orientation compared with both regiorandom and regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymers. Incorporation of the optimized random polythiophene as an active material in solid-state electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors exhibited better performance than the control device using regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), with a high hole mobility up to 4.52 cm2 V-1 s-1 in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Opoku
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Bae
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chonan, Chungcheongnam 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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50
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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