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Wu X, Chen S, Jiang L, Wang X, Qiu L, Zheng L. Highly Sensitive, Low-Energy-Consumption Biomimetic Olfactory Synaptic Transistors Based on the Aggregation of the Semiconductor Films. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2673-2683. [PMID: 38688032 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Artificial olfactory synaptic devices with low energy consumption and low detection limits are important for the further development of neuromorphic computing and intelligent robotics. In this work, an ultralow energy consumption and low detection limit imitation olfactory synaptic device based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) was prepared. The aggregation state of poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-selenophene) (PTDPP) semiconductor films is modulated by adding unfavorable solvents and annealing treatments to obtain excellent charge transfer and gas synaptic properties. The regulated OFET device can execute basic biological synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and the transition from short-term to long-term plasticity, at an ultralow operating voltage of -0.0005 V. The ultralow energy consumption during the biomimetic simulation is in the range of 8.94-88 fJ per spike. Noteworthily, the gas detection limit of the device is as low as 50 ppb, well below normal human NO2 gas perception limits (100-1000 ppb). Additionally, high-pass filtering, Pavlovian conditioned reflexes, and decoding of "Morse code" were simulated. Finally, a grid-free conformal device with outstanding flexibility and stability was fabricated. In conclusion, the control of semiconductor thin-film aggregation provides effective guidance for preparing low-energy-consumption, highly sensitive olfactory nerve-mimicking devices and promoting the development of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Wu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Longlong Jiang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Sun N, Han Y, Huang W, Xu M, Wang J, An X, Lin J, Huang W. A Holistic Review of C = C Crosslinkable Conjugated Molecules in Solution-Processed Organic Electronics: Insights into Stability, Processibility, and Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309779. [PMID: 38237201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable organic conjugated molecules (OCMs) consist of a series of aromatic units linked by σ-bonds, which present a relatively freedom intramolecular motion and intermolecular re-arrangement under external stimulation. The cross-linked strategy provides an effective platform to obtain OCMs network, which allows for outstanding optoelectronic, excellent physicochemical properties, and substantial improvement in device fabrication. An unsaturated double carbon-carbon bond (C = C) is universal segment to construct crosslinkable OCMs. In this review, the authors will set C = C cross-linkable units as an example to summarize the development of cross-linkable OCMs for solution-processable optoelectronic applications. First, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the distinctive chemical, physical, and optoelectronic properties arising from the cross-linking strategies employed in OCMs. Second, the methods for probing the C = C cross-linking reaction are also emphasized based on the perturbations of chemical structure and physicochemical property. Third, a series of model C = C cross-linkable units, including styrene, trifluoroethylene, and unsaturated acid ester, are further discussed to design and prepare novel OCMs. Furthermore, a concise overview of the optoelectronic applications associated with this approach is presented, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells (SCs), and field-effect transistors (FETs). Lastly, the authors offer a concluding perspective and outlook for the improvement of OCMs and their optoelectronic application via the cross-linking strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yamin Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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Biswas S, Jang H, Lee Y, Choi H, Kim Y, Kim H, Zhu Y. Recent advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20220150. [PMID: 38855618 PMCID: PMC11022612 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The progress of brain synaptic devices has witnessed an era of rapid and explosive growth. Because of their integrated storage, excellent plasticity and parallel computing, and system information processing abilities, various field effect transistors have been used to replicate the synapses of a human brain. Organic semiconductors are characterized by simplicity of processing, mechanical flexibility, low cost, biocompatibility, and flexibility, making them the most promising materials for implanted brain synaptic bioelectronics. Despite being used in numerous intelligent integrated circuits and implantable neural linkages with multiple terminals, organic synaptic transistors still face many obstacles that must be overcome to advance their development. A comprehensive review would be an excellent tool in this respect. Therefore, the latest advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors are outlined. First, the distinction between conventional and synaptic transistors are highlighted. Next, the existing implanted organic synaptic transistors and their applicability to the brain as a neural link are summarized. Finally, the potential research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Biswas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐won Jang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hyojeong Choi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yoon Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Central Business, SENSOMEDICheongju‐siRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Sensor System, SENSOMEDICheongjuRepublic of Korea
- Energy FlexSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Zhang M, Sun J, Zhao G, Tong Y, Wang X, Yu H, Xue P, Zhao X, Tang Q, Liu Y. Dielectric Design of High Dielectric Constant Poly(Urea-Urethane) Elastomer for Low-Voltage High-Mobility Intrinsically Stretchable All-Solution-Processed Organic Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311527. [PMID: 38334257 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable organic transistors for skin-like biomedical applications require low-voltage operation to accommodate limited power supply and safe concerns. However, most of the currently reported stretchable organic transistors operate at relatively high voltages. Decreasing their operational voltage while keeping the high mobility still remains a key challenge. Here, the study presents a new dielectric design to achieve high-dielectric constant poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) elastomer, by incorporating a flexible small-molecular diamine crosslinking agent 4-aminophenyl disulfide (APDS) into the main chain of (poly (propylene glycol), tolylene 2,4-diiso-cyanate terminated) (PPG-TDI). Compared with commercial elastomers, the PUU elastomer as dielectric of the stretchable organic transistors shows the outstanding advantages including lower surface roughness (0.33 nm), higher adhesion (45.18 nN), higher dielectric constant (13.5), as well as higher stretchability (896%). The PUU dielectric enables the intrinsically stretchable, all-solution-processed organic transistor to operate at a low operational voltage down to -10 V, while preserving a substantial mobility of 1.39 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Impressively, the transistor also demonstrates excellent electrical stability under repeated switching of 10 000 cycles, and remarkable mechanical robustness when stretched up to 100%. The work opens up a new molecular engineering strategy to successfully realize low-voltage high-mobility stretchable all-solution-processed organic transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xue
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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Wu HC, Nikzad S, Zhu C, Yan H, Li Y, Niu W, Matthews JR, Xu J, Matsuhisa N, Arunachala PK, Rastak R, Linder C, Zheng YQ, Toney MF, He M, Bao Z. Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor thin films with multi-modal energy dissipation and high relative stretchability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8382. [PMID: 38104194 PMCID: PMC10725446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors (PSCs) have seen great advancements alongside the development of soft electronics. But it remains a challenge to simultaneously achieve high charge carrier mobility and stretchability. Herein, we report the finding that stretchable PSC thin films (<100-nm-thick) with high stretchability tend to exhibit multi-modal energy dissipation mechanisms and have a large relative stretchability (rS) defined by the ratio of the entropic energy dissipation to the enthalpic energy dissipation under strain. They effectively recovered the original molecular ordering, as well as electrical performance, after strain was released. The highest rS value with a model polymer (P4) exhibited an average charge carrier mobility of 0.2 cm2V-1s-1 under 100% biaxial strain, while PSCs with low rS values showed irreversible morphology changes and rapid degradation of electrical performance under strain. These results suggest rS can be used as a parameter to compare the reliability and reversibility of stretchable PSC thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Shayla Nikzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, US
| | - Yang Li
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US
| | - Weijun Niu
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US
| | | | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, US
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - Reza Rastak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Christian Linder
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, US
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, US
| | - Mingqian He
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US.
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Zhuo Z, Ni M, An X, Bai L, Liang X, Yang J, Zheng Y, Liu B, Sun N, Sun L, Wei C, Yu N, Chen W, Li M, Xu M, Lin J, Huang W. Intrinsically Stretchable and Efficient Fully Π-Conjugated Polymer via Internal Plasticization for Flexible Deep-Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with CIE y = 0.08. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303923. [PMID: 37435996 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors are essential to flexible polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) owing to their excellent strain tolerance capacity under long-time deformation operation. Obtaining intrinsic stretchability, robust emission properties, and excellent charge-transport behavior simultaneously from fully π-conjugated polymers (FCPs) is difficult, particularly for applications in deep-blue PLEDs. Herein, an internal plasticization strategy is proposed to introduce a phenyl-ester plasticizer into polyfluorenes (PF-MC4, PF-MC6, and PF-MC8) for narrowband deep-blue flexible PLEDs. Compared with controlled poly[4-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-co-[5-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl] (PODPFs) (2.5%), the freestanding PF-MC8 thin film shows a fracture strain of >25%. The three stretchable films exhibit stable and efficient deep-blue emission (PLQY > 50%) because of the encapsulation of π-conjugated backbone via pendant phenyl-ester plasticizers. The PF-MC8-based PLEDs show deep-blue emission, which corresponds to CIE and EQE values of (0.16, 0.10) and 1.06%, respectively. Finally, the narrowband deep-blue electroluminescence (FWHM of ≈25 nm; CIE coordinates: (0.15, 0.08)) and performance of the transferred PLEDs based on the PF-MC8 stretchable film are independent of the tensile ratio (up to 45%); however, they show a maximum brightness of 1976 cd m-2 at a ratio of 35%. Therefore, internal plasticization is a promising approach for designing intrinsically stretchable FCPs for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mingjian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Kim Y, Ahn H, Yoo D, Sung M, Yoo H, Park S, Lee J, Lee BH. A Semi-Crystalline Polymer Semiconductor with Thin Film Stretchability Exceeding 200. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2302683. [PMID: 37229768 PMCID: PMC10401152 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emerging scientific interest in polymer-based stretchable electronics, the trade-off between the crystallinity and stretchability of intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors-charge-carrier mobility increases as crystallinity increases while stretchability decreases-hinders the development of high-performance stretchable electronics. Herein, a highly stretchable polymer semiconductor is reported that shows concurrently improved thin film crystallinity and stretchability upon thermal annealing. The polymer thin films annealed at temperatures higher than their crystallization temperatures exhibit substantially improved thin film stretchability (> 200%) and hole mobility (≥ 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 ). The simultaneous enhancement of the crystallinity and stretchability is attributed to the thermally-assisted structural phase transition that allows the formation of edge-on crystallites and reinforces interchain noncovalent interactions. These results provide new insights into how the current crystallinity-stretchability limitation can be overcome. Furthermore, the results will facilitate the design of high-mobility stretchable polymer semiconductors for high-performance stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingi Sung
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zhang L, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang T, Liu D, Wang S, Wu F, Zhang Q, Han Y. Achieving the high charge mobility of conjugated polymers under cyclic stretching by changing the interaction parameter between solvent and sidechain. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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10
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Yu X, Chen L, Li C, Gao C, Xue X, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors with Good Ductility and High Charge Mobility through Reducing the Central Symmetry of the Conjugated Backbone Units. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209896. [PMID: 36772843 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors are highly demanding for flexible electronics. However, it still remains challenging to achieve synergy between intrinsic stretchability and charge transport property properly for polymer semiconductors. In this paper, terpolymers are reported as intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors with good ductility and high charge mobility simultaneously by incorporation of non-centrosymmetric spiro[cycloalkane-1,9'-fluorene] (spiro-fluorene) units into the backbone of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based conjugated polymers. The results reveal that these terpolymers show obviously high crack onset strains and their tensile moduli are remarkably reduced, by comparing with the parent DPP-based conjugated polymer without spiro-fluorene units. They exhibit simultaneously high charge mobilities (>1.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) at 100% strain and even after repeated stretching and releasing cycles for 500 times under 50% strain. The terpolymer P2, in which cyclopropane is linked to the spiro-fluorene unit, is among the best reported intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors with record mobility up to 3.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 at even 150% strain and 1.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 after repeated stretching and releasing cycles for 1000 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Xiao C, Wang X, Zhong T, Zhou R, Zheng X, Liu Y, Hu T, Luo Y, Sun F, Xiao B, Liu Z, Yang C, Yang R. Hybrid Cycloalkyl-Alkyl Chain-Based Symmetric/Asymmetric Acceptors with Optimized Crystal Packing and Interfacial Exciton Properties for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206580. [PMID: 36592412 PMCID: PMC9982590 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid cycloalkyl-alkyl side chains are considered a unique composite side-chain system for the construction of novel organic semiconductor materials. However, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the variations in the single-crystal structures as well as the optoelectronic and energetic properties generated by the introduction of hybrid side chains in electron acceptors. Herein, symmetric/asymmetric acceptors (Y-C10ch and A-C10ch) bearing bilateral and unilateral 10-cyclohexyldecyl are designed, synthesized, and compared with the symmetric acceptor 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,9 bis(ethylhexyl)-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5] pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10- diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (L8-BO). The stepwise introduction of 10-cyclohexyldecyl side chains decreases the optical bandgap, deepens the energy level, and enables the acceptor molecules to pack closely in a regular manner. Crystallographic analysis demonstrates that the 10-cyclohexyldecyl chain endows the acceptor with a more planar skeleton and enforces more compact 3D network packing, resulting in an active layer with higher domain purity. Moreover, the 10-cyclohexyldecyl chain affects the donor/acceptor interfacial energetics and accelerates exciton dissociation, enabling a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >18% in the 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y6) (PM6):A-C10ch-based organic solar cells (OSCs). Importantly, the incorporation of Y-C10ch as the third component of the PM6:L8-BO blend results in a higher PCE of 19.1%. The superior molecular packing behavior of the 10-cyclohexyldecyl side chain is highlighted here for the fabrication of high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine BlastingJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Xufan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Yirui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Yixuan Luo
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy MaterialsWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China
| | - Fengbo Sun
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy MaterialsWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China
| | - Biao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy MaterialsWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation FacilityShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201204China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologyJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
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12
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Liu H, Liu D, Yang J, Gao H, Wu Y. Flexible Electronics Based on Organic Semiconductors: from Patterned Assembly to Integrated Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206938. [PMID: 36642796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic flexible electronic devices are at the forefront of the electronics as they possess the potential to bring about a major lifestyle revolution owing to outstanding properties of organic semiconductors, including solution processability, lightweight and flexibility. For the integration of organic flexible electronics, the precise patterning and ordered assembly of organic semiconductors have attracted wide attention and gained rapid developments, which not only reduces the charge crosstalk between adjacent devices, but also enhances device uniformity and reproducibility. This review focuses on recent advances in the design, patterned assembly of organic semiconductors, and flexible electronic devices, especially for flexible organic field-effect transistors (FOFETs) and their multifunctional applications. First, typical organic semiconductor materials and material design methods are introduced. Based on these organic materials with not only superior mechanical properties but also high carrier mobility, patterned assembly strategies on flexible substrates, including one-step and two-step approaches are discussed. Advanced applications of flexible electronic devices based on organic semiconductor patterns are then highlighted. Finally, future challenges and possible directions in the field to motivate the development of the next generation of flexible electronics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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13
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Nawaz A, Merces L, Ferro LMM, Sonar P, Bufon CCB. Impact of Planar and Vertical Organic Field-Effect Transistors on Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204804. [PMID: 36124375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible and conformable devices, whose performance can be maintained while being continuously deformed, provides a significant step toward the realization of next-generation wearable and e-textile applications. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are particularly interesting for flexible and lightweight products, because of their low-temperature solution processability, and the mechanical flexibility of organic materials that endows OFETs the natural compatibility with plastic and biodegradable substrates. Here, an in-depth review of two competing flexible OFET technologies, planar and vertical OFETs (POFETs and VOFETs, respectively) is provided. The electrical, mechanical, and physical properties of POFETs and VOFETs are critically discussed, with a focus on four pivotal applications (integrated logic circuits, light-emitting devices, memories, and sensors). It is pointed out that the flexible function of the relatively newer VOFET technology, along with its perspective on advancing the applicability of flexible POFETs, has not been reviewed so far, and the direct comparison regarding the performance of POFET- and VOFET-based flexible applications is most likely absent. With discussions spanning printed and wearable electronics, materials science, biotechnology, and environmental monitoring, this contribution is a clear stimulus to researchers working in these fields to engage toward the plentiful possibilities that POFETs and VOFETs offer to flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Leandro Merces
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Letícia M M Ferro
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Carlos C B Bufon
- MackGraphe - Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
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14
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Liu K, Wang C, Liu B, Bian Y, Kuang J, Hou Y, Pan Z, Liu G, Huang X, Zhu Z, Qin M, Zhao Z, Jiang C, Liu Y, Guo Y. Low-Voltage Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Transistor Amplifiers for Ultrasensitive Electrophysiological Signal Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207006. [PMID: 36385514 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stretchability is a prerequisite for electronic skin devices. However, state-of-the-art stretchable thin-film transistors do not possess sufficiently low operating voltages and good stability, significantly limiting their use in real-world biomedical applications. Herein, a van der Waals-controlling elastomer/carbon quantum dot interfacial polarization methodology is proposed to form a hybrid polymer dielectric with 620% tensile strain and large-area film uniformity (>A4 paper size). Using the hybrid polymer dielectrics, the prepared intrinsically stretchable organic thin-film transistors demonstrate a low operating voltage below 5 V, 100% strain tolerance, and excellent operational stability, as well as a high on-current/off-current ratio of 105 and a steep subthreshold slope of 500 mV dec-1 . Based on this device technology, an amplifier with a high gain of 90 V V-1 among the highest values of reported stretchable transistors is realized. This amplifier is at the first time applied to detect human electrophysical signals with an output signal amplitude of over 0.2 V, which even outperforms other types of the state-of-the-art organic amplifiers for human electrophysiology monitoring. This stretchable device technology sufficiently meets the safety and portability requirements of wearable biomedical applications, opening a new opportunity to e-skin with signal control and amplification capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Liu
- BNRist/ICFC/CFET, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yangshuang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yangkun Hou
- BNRist/ICFC/CFET, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guocai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingcong Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- BNRist/ICFC/CFET, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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15
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Wang L, Yi Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Stretchable conductors for stretchable field-effect transistors and functional circuits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:795-835. [PMID: 36562312 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have received intense attention due to their broad application prospects in many areas, and can withstand large deformations and form close contact with curved surfaces. Stretchable conductors are vital components of stretchable electronic devices used in wearables, soft robots, and human-machine interactions. Recent advances in stretchable conductors have motivated basic scientific and technological research efforts. Here, we outline and analyse the development of stretchable conductors in transistors and circuits, and examine advances in materials, device engineering, and preparation technologies. We divide the existing approaches to constructing stretchable transistors with stretchable conductors into the following two types: geometric engineering and intrinsic stretchability engineering. Finally, we consider the challenges and outlook in this field for delivering stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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16
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Kim SH, Yook H, Sung W, Choi J, Lim H, Chung S, Han JW, Cho K. Extremely Suppressed Energetic Disorder in a Chemically Doped Conjugated Polymer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207320. [PMID: 36271732 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical doping can be used to tune the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers (CPs), extending their applications as conducting materials. Unfortunately, chemically doped CP films containing excess dopants exhibit an increase in energetic disorder upon structural alteration, and Coulomb interactions between charge carriers and dopants also affect such disorder. The increase in energetic disorder leads to a broadening of the density of states, which consequently impedes efficient charge transport in chemically doped CPs. However, the molecular origins that are inherently resistant to such incidental increase of energetic disorder in chemically doped CPs have not been sufficiently explored. Here, it is discovered that energetic disorder in chemically doped CPs can be suppressed to a level close to the theoretical limit. Indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) doped with triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate (OA) exhibits disorder-free charge-transport characteristics and band-like transport behavior with astonishing carrier mobility as a result of reinforced 1D intramolecular transport. Molecular structure of IDTBT provides a capability to lower the energetic disorder that generally arises from the inclusion of heterogeneous dopants. The results suggest the possibilities of implementing disorder-free CPs that exhibit excellent charge transport characteristics in the chemically doped state and satisfy a prerequisite for their availability in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Yook
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Woong Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyungsub Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
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17
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Sun N, Zou Q, Chen W, Zheng Y, Sun K, Li C, Han Y, Bai L, Wei C, Lin J, Yin C, Wang J, Huang W. Fluorene pendant-functionalization of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) as deep-blue fluorescent and host materials for polymer light-emitting diodes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Antoniuk ER, Li P, Kailkhura B, Hiszpanski AM. Representing Polymers as Periodic Graphs with Learned Descriptors for Accurate Polymer Property Predictions. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:5435-5445. [PMID: 36315033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurately predicting new polymers' properties with machine learning models apriori to synthesis has potential to significantly accelerate new polymers' discovery and development. However, accurately and efficiently capturing polymers' complex, periodic structures in machine learning models remains a grand challenge for the polymer cheminformatics community. Specifically, there has yet to be an ideal solution for the problems of how to capture the periodicity of polymers, as well as how to optimally develop polymer descriptors without requiring human-based feature design. In this work, we tackle these problems by utilizing a periodic polymer graph representation that accounts for polymers' periodicity and coupling it with a message-passing neural network that leverages the power of graph deep learning to automatically learn chemically relevant polymer descriptors. Remarkably, this approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on 8 out of 10 distinct polymer property prediction tasks. These results highlight the advancement in predictive capability that is possible through learning descriptors that are specifically optimized for capturing the unique chemical structure of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Antoniuk
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
| | - Peggy Li
- Global Security Computing Applications Division, Computing Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
| | - Bhavya Kailkhura
- Machine Intelligence Group/Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Computing Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
| | - Anna M Hiszpanski
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550-5507, United States
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19
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Kwon H, Newell BS, Bruns CJ. Redox-switchable host-guest complexes of metallocenes and [8]cycloparaphenylene. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14276-14285. [PMID: 36134555 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cycloparaphenylene (CPP) nanocarbons are an appealing family of macrocyclic organic semiconductors with size-tunable structures and unique optoelectronic properties, which can be further modulated by complexation with guest molecules. While many π-π-stabilized CPP-fullerene host-guest complexes are known, CPPs can also host polycyclic guests stabilized by aromatic CH-π interactions. Here we combine experimental and computational results to report that CH-π interactions can also be tapped to include redox-active metallocene guests in [8]cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP). Oxidation of a metallocene guest is accompanied by an increase in binding affinity and tilt angle. Crystallographically determined solid-state structures reveal CH-π interactions in the ferrocene complex (Fc⊂[8]CPP) and additional π-π interactions in the cobaltocenium complex (CoCp2+⊂[8]CPP). Functionalizing Fc with oxygen-bearing side chains also improves complex stability to a similar extent as oxidation, due to the formation of CH-O hydrogen bonds with the host's p-phenylene units. This work shows that CH-π bonding can be generalized as a driving force for CPP host-guest complexes and combined with other supramolecular forces to enhance stability. Owing to their semiconducting nature, amenability to functionalization, and reversible redox-dependent behavior, the [8]CPP-metallocene host-guest complexes may expand the library of synthons available for designing bespoke nanoelectronics and artificial molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brian S Newell
- Materials and Molecular Analysis Center, Analytical Resources Core, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Carson J Bruns
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1125 18th Street, 320 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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20
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Zhao Z, Liu K, Liu Y, Guo Y, Liu Y. Intrinsically flexible displays: key materials and devices. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac090. [PMID: 35711242 PMCID: PMC9197576 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous progress in flexible electronics is bringing more convenience and comfort to human lives. In this field, interconnection and novel display applications are acknowledged as important future directions. However, it is a huge scientific and technical challenge to develop intrinsically flexible displays due to the limited size and shape of the display panel. To address this conundrum, it is crucial to develop intrinsically flexible electrode materials, semiconductor materials and dielectric materials, as well as the relevant flexible transistor drivers and display panels. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in this field from seven aspects: background and concept, intrinsically flexible electrode materials, intrinsically flexible organic semiconductors and dielectric materials for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), intrinsically flexible organic emissive semiconductors for electroluminescent devices, and OTFT-driven electroluminescent devices for intrinsically flexible displays. Finally, some suggestions and prospects for the future development of intrinsically flexible displays are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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21
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Cu nO/Au heterostructure dendrimer anchored on Cu foam as dual functional catalytic nanozyme for glucose sensing by enzyme mimic cascade reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4655-4666. [PMID: 35534725 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional catalytic performance plays a crucial role in bio-applications through the diversity and durability of artificial nanozymes. An effective synergy with sufficient accessible active sites and high specific surface area is a challenge for composite catalysts, especially to avoid uncontrollable aggregation and structural instability. Here, we fabricated a CunO/Au heterostructure dendrimer on copper foam (CunO/Au HD/CF) as dual functional catalytic nanozyme to achieve enzyme mimic cascade reactions for efficient colorimetric analysis. A highly porous CF skeleton-based CuO nanowire array (CuO NWA) with a large specific surface area supported an efficient load capacity to assemble sufficient CunO/Au HD by electrodeposition. The bimetallic Au-Cu nanozyme successfully achieved an oxidase-like and peroxidase-like cascade catalysis by a target-responsive sensing mechanism. Due to the confirmed catalytic performance of selectivity, anti-interference ability, and reproducibility, a CunO/Au HD/CF-based quantitative analytical method was developed for glucose detection with a wide linear range and considerable detection limit of 8.4 μM. The robust nonenzymatic catalytic strategy for colorimetric detection not only confirmed the dual functional catalytic activity of CunO/Au HD/CF, but also showed great potential for applications in clinical diagnostics and biochemical analysis.
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22
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Zheng Y, Zhang S, Tok JBH, Bao Z. Molecular Design of Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors: Current Progress and Future Directions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4699-4715. [PMID: 35262336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors have advanced rapidly in the past decade as materials required to realize conformable and soft skin-like electronics become available. Through rational molecular-level design, stretchable polymer semiconductor films are now able to retain their electrical functionalities even when subjected to repeated mechanical deformations. Furthermore, their charge-carrier mobilities are on par with the best flexible polymer semiconductors, with some even exceeding that of amorphous silicon. The key advancements are molecular-design concepts that allow multiple strain energy-dissipation mechanisms, while maintaining efficient charge-transport pathways over multiple length scales. In this perspective article, we review recent approaches to confer stretchability to polymer semiconductors while maintaining high charge carrier mobilities, with emphasis on the control of both polymer-chain dynamics and thin-film morphology. Additionally, we present molecular design considerations toward intrinsically elastic semiconductors that are needed for reliable device operation under reversible and repeated deformation. A general approach involving inducing polymer semiconductor nanoconfinement allows for incorporation of several other desired functionalities, such as biodegradability, self-healing, and photopatternability, while enhancing the charge transport. Lastly, we point out future directions, including advancing the fundamental understanding of morphology evolution and its correlation with the change of charge transport under strain, and needs for strain-resilient polymer semiconductors with high mobility retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Wu F, Liu Y, Zhang J, Duan S, Ji D, Yang H. Recent Advances in High-Mobility and High-Stretchability Organic Field-Effect Transistors: From Materials, Devices to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100676. [PMID: 34928035 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are one of the essential building blocks for next-generation wearable electronics due to the high stretchability of OFET well matching with the large deformation of human skin. In recent years, some significant progress of stretchable OFETs have already been made via the strategies of stretchable molecular design and geometry engineering. However, the main opportunity and challenge of stretchable OFETs is still to simultaneously improve their stretchability and mobility. This review covers the recent advances in the research of stretchable OFETs with high mobility. First, the core stretchable materials are summarized, including organic semiconductors, electrodes, dielectrics, and substrates. Second, the materials and healing mechanism of self-healing OFET are summarized in detail. Subsequently, their different configurations and the potential applications are summarized. Finally, an outlook of future research directions and challenges in this area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuming Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin, 300072, China
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24
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Kim SH, Baek GW, Yoon J, Seo S, Park J, Hahm D, Chang JH, Seong D, Seo H, Oh S, Kim K, Jung H, Oh Y, Baac HW, Alimkhanuly B, Bae WK, Lee S, Lee M, Kwak J, Park JH, Son D. A Bioinspired Stretchable Sensory-Neuromorphic System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104690. [PMID: 34510591 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional stretchable electronics that adopt a wavy design, a neutral mechanical plane, and conformal contact between abiotic and biotic interfaces have exhibited diverse skin-interfaced applications. Despite such remarkable progress, the evolution of intelligent skin prosthetics is challenged by the absence of the monolithic integration of neuromorphic constituents into individual sensing and actuating components. Herein, a bioinspired stretchable sensory-neuromorphic system, comprising an artificial mechanoreceptor, artificial synapse, and epidermal photonic actuator is demonstrated; these three biomimetic functionalities correspond to a stretchable capacitive pressure sensor, a resistive random-access memory, and a quantum dot light-emitting diode, respectively. This system features a rigid-island structure interconnected with a sinter-free printable conductor, which is optimized by controlling the evaporation rate of solvent (≈160% stretchability and ≈18 550 S cm-1 conductivity). Devised design improves both areal density and structural reliability while avoiding the thermal degradation of heat-sensitive stretchable electronic components. Moreover, even in the skin deformation range, the system accurately recognizes various patterned stimuli via an artificial neural network with training/inferencing functions. Therefore, the new bioinspired system is expected to be an important step toward implementing intelligent wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Woo Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Park
- The Institute for Basic Science, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Chang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhwan Seong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseon Seo
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Oh
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Won Baac
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Batyrbek Alimkhanuly
- Semiconductor Device & Integration Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyunghee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Semiconductor Device & Integration Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyunghee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Minbaek Lee
- The Institute for Basic Science, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Superintelligence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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25
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Park KH, Go J, Lim B, Noh Y. Recent progress in lactam‐based polymer semiconductors for organic electronic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Park
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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26
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Liu F, Hou X, Hu B, Li R. Intrinsically Elastic Organic Semiconductors (IEOSs). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206130. [PMID: 34684711 PMCID: PMC8537692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic semiconductors are becoming more and more important to the development of flexible wearable electronic devices, which can be prepared by structural engineering design, blending, and the intrinsic elastification of organic semiconductors (intrinsically elastic organic semiconductor, IEOS). Compared with the elastic semiconductors prepared by structural engineering and blending, the IEOS prepared by organic synthesis has attracted numerous attentions for its solution processability and highly tunable chemical structures. For IEOSs, reasonable designs of synthetic routes and methods are the basis for realizing good mechanical and electrical properties. This brief review begins with a concise introduction of elastic semiconductors, then follows with several synthetic methods of IEOSs, and concludes the characteristics of each method, which provides guidance for the synthesis of IEOSs in the future. Furthermore, the properties of IEOSs are involved from the aspects of electrical, mechanical properties, and the applications of the IEOSs in elastic electronic devices. Finally, the challenge and an outlook which IEOSs are facing are presented in conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Institute of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xueling Hou
- Institute of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (B.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Benlin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (B.H.); (R.L.)
| | - Runwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (B.H.); (R.L.)
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27
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Zheng Y, Yu Z, Zhang S, Kong X, Michaels W, Wang W, Chen G, Liu D, Lai JC, Prine N, Zhang W, Nikzad S, Cooper CB, Zhong D, Mun J, Zhang Z, Kang J, Tok JBH, McCulloch I, Qin J, Gu X, Bao Z. A molecular design approach towards elastic and multifunctional polymer electronics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5701. [PMID: 34588448 PMCID: PMC8481247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation wearable electronics require enhanced mechanical robustness and device complexity. Besides previously reported softness and stretchability, desired merits for practical use include elasticity, solvent resistance, facile patternability and high charge carrier mobility. Here, we show a molecular design concept that simultaneously achieves all these targeted properties in both polymeric semiconductors and dielectrics, without compromising electrical performance. This is enabled by covalently-embedded in-situ rubber matrix (iRUM) formation through good mixing of iRUM precursors with polymer electronic materials, and finely-controlled composite film morphology built on azide crosslinking chemistry which leverages different reactivities with C-H and C=C bonds. The high covalent crosslinking density results in both superior elasticity and solvent resistance. When applied in stretchable transistors, the iRUM-semiconductor film retained its mobility after stretching to 100% strain, and exhibited record-high mobility retention of 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 after 1000 stretching-releasing cycles at 50% strain. The cycling life was stably extended to 5000 cycles, five times longer than all reported semiconductors. Furthermore, we fabricated elastic transistors via consecutively photo-patterning of the dielectric and semiconducting layers, demonstrating the potential of solution-processed multilayer device manufacturing. The iRUM represents a molecule-level design approach towards robust skin-inspired electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesbury, MS, USA
| | - Xian Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wesley Michaels
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Prine
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesbury, MS, USA
| | - Weimin Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Kaust Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shayla Nikzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Kaust Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesbury, MS, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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28
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Ding Y, Yuan Y, Wu N, Wang X, Zhang G, Qiu L. Intrinsically Stretchable n-Type Polymer Semiconductors through Side Chain Engineering. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ning Wu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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29
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Liu D, Mun J, Chen G, Schuster NJ, Wang W, Zheng Y, Nikzad S, Lai JC, Wu Y, Zhong D, Lin Y, Lei Y, Chen Y, Gam S, Chung JW, Yun Y, Tok JBH, Bao Z. A Design Strategy for Intrinsically Stretchable High-Performance Polymer Semiconductors: Incorporating Conjugated Rigid Fused-Rings with Bulky Side Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11679-11689. [PMID: 34284578 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to improve stretchability of polymer semiconductors, such as introducing flexible conjugation-breakers or adding flexible blocks, usually result in degraded electrical properties. In this work, we propose a concept to address this limitation, by introducing conjugated rigid fused-rings with optimized bulky side groups and maintaining a conjugated polymer backbone. Specifically, we investigated two classes of rigid fused-ring systems, namely, benzene-substituted dibenzothiopheno[6,5-b:6',5'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (Ph-DBTTT) and indacenodithiophene (IDT) systems, and identified molecules displaying optimized electrical and mechanical properties. In the IDT system, the polymer PIDT-3T-OC12-10% showed promising electrical and mechanical properties. In fully stretchable transistors, the polymer PIDT-3T-OC12-10% showed a mobility of 0.27 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 75% strain and maintained its mobility after being subjected to hundreds of stretching-releasing cycles at 25% strain. Our results underscore the intimate correlation between chemical structures, mechanical properties, and charge carrier mobility for polymer semiconductors. Our described molecular design approach will help to expedite the next generation of intrinsically stretchable high-performance polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Schuster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shayla Nikzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yusheng Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sangah Gam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Strategic design and synthesis of π-conjugated polymers suitable as intrinsically stretchable semiconducting materials. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Maust RL, Li P, Shao B, Zeitler SM, Sun PB, Reid HW, Zakharov LN, Golder MR, Jasti R. Controlled Polymerization of Norbornene Cycloparaphenylenes Expands Carbon Nanomaterials Design Space. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1056-1065. [PMID: 34235266 PMCID: PMC8228593 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials-such as graphene nanoribbons, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes-elicit significant excitement due to their wide-ranging properties and many possible applications. However, the lack of methods for precise synthesis, functionalization, and assembly of complex carbon materials has hindered efforts to define structure-property relationships and develop new carbon materials with unique properties. To overcome this challenge, we employed a combination of bottom-up organic synthesis and controlled polymer synthesis. We designed norbornene-functionalized cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), a family of macrocycles that map onto armchair carbon nanotubes of varying diameters. Through ring-opening metathesis polymerization, we accessed homopolymers as well as block and statistical copolymers constructed from "carbon nanohoops" with a high degree of structural control. These soluble, sp2-carbon-dense polymers exhibit tunable fluorescence emission and supramolecular responses based on composition and sequence. This work represents an important advance toward bridging the gap between small molecules and functional carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L. Maust
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute and
Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Penghao Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute and
Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Baihao Shao
- Department
of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Sarah M. Zeitler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Peiguan B. Sun
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute and
Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Harrison W. Reid
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute and
Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR
− Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Matthew R. Golder
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute and
Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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32
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Mun J, Ochiai Y, Wang W, Zheng Y, Zheng YQ, Wu HC, Matsuhisa N, Higashihara T, Tok JBH, Yun Y, Bao Z. A design strategy for high mobility stretchable polymer semiconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3572. [PMID: 34117254 PMCID: PMC8196107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a key component in stretchable electronics, semiconducting polymers have been widely studied. However, it remains challenging to achieve stretchable semiconducting polymers with high mobility and mechanical reversibility against repeated mechanical stress. Here, we report a simple and universal strategy to realize intrinsically stretchable semiconducting polymers with controlled multi-scale ordering to address this challenge. Specifically, incorporating two types of randomly distributed co-monomer units reduces overall crystallinity and longer-range orders while maintaining short-range ordered aggregates. The resulting polymers maintain high mobility while having much improved stretchability and mechanical reversibility compared with the regular polymer structure with only one type of co-monomer units. Interestingly, the crystalline microstructures are mostly retained even under strain, which may contribute to the improved robustness of our stretchable semiconductors. The proposed molecular design concept is observed to improve the mechanical properties of various p- and n-type conjugated polymers, thus showing the general applicability of our approach. Finally, fully stretchable transistors fabricated with our newly designed stretchable semiconductors exhibit the highest and most stable mobility retention capability under repeated strains of 1,000 cycles. Our general molecular engineering strategy offers a rapid way to develop high mobility stretchable semiconducting polymers. Designing intrinsically stretchable semiconducting polymers with suitable charge transport and mechanical properties required for stretchable electronic devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors report terpolymer-based semiconductors with intrinsically high stretchability and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuto Ochiai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Youngjun Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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33
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Yang J, Liu Q, Hu M, Ding S, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu D, Gao H, Hu W, Dong H. Well-balanced ambipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymers for OFETs, inverters and frequency doublers. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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34
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Liu M, Qian L, Yu C, Xiao G, Hurt RH. An all-inorganic, fully dense, stretchable ceramic magnetic film. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:800-804. [PMID: 36133841 PMCID: PMC9418692 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00949k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is widespread interest in new materials-based approaches for introducing flexibility to electromagnetic devices, such as displays, human-machine interfaces, smart textiles, and biomedical implants. From fabrication to application, incorporating ceramic components is particularly challenging due to their extreme stiffness. Here, we introduce a new approach for designing flexible ceramic films and demonstrate it by fabricating fully dense, pre-wrinkled magnetic cobalt ferrite films composed of tiled nanoplatelets. The method relies on the colloidal engineering of metalized graphene nanosheets, which are cast and compressed into wrinkled composite films with accurate control of composition and morphology. Removal of the graphene template by thermal oxidation yields free-standing cobalt ferrite films that can be stretched up to 200% and bent to radii of 2.5 mm while maintaining their magnetic properties. Magnetization retention of 73% is documented after 150% linear mechanical stretching over 100 cycles. The significant stretchability and flexibility in this hard magnetic material is achieved at near full metal oxide crystal density without addition of significant void space or a polymeric elastomer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchun Liu
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lijuan Qian
- Department of Physics, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Chao Yu
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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35
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Yen HC, Lin YC, Chen WC. Modulation of the Hydrophilicity on Asymmetric Side Chains of Isoindigo-Based Polymers for Improving Carrier Mobility–Stretchability Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chi Yen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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36
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Lin YC, Matsuda M, Sato KI, Chen CK, Yang WC, Chueh CC, Higashihara T, Chen WC. Intrinsically stretchable naphthalenediimide–bithiophene conjugated statistical terpolymers using branched conjugation break spacers for field–effect transistors. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of naphthalene−diimide based conjugated polymers was synthesized through statistical terpolymerization with branched conjugation break spacers to enhance their mobility−stretchability properties in field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
| | - Megumi Matsuda
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Sato
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Chen Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, China
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37
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Fang Y, Meng L, Prominski A, Schaumann E, Seebald M, Tian B. Recent advances in bioelectronics chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7978-8035. [PMID: 32672777 PMCID: PMC7674226 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research in bioelectronics is highly interdisciplinary, with many new developments being based on techniques from across the physical and life sciences. Advances in our understanding of the fundamental chemistry underlying the materials used in bioelectronic applications have been a crucial component of many recent discoveries. In this review, we highlight ways in which a chemistry-oriented perspective may facilitate novel and deep insights into both the fundamental scientific understanding and the design of materials, which can in turn tune the functionality and biocompatibility of bioelectronic devices. We provide an in-depth examination of several developments in the field, organized by the chemical properties of the materials. We conclude by surveying how some of the latest major topics of chemical research may be further integrated with bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lingyuan Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Erik Schaumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Seebald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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38
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Song R, Yao S, Liu Y, Wang H, Dong J, Zhu Y, O'Connor BT. Facile Approach to Fabricating Stretchable Organic Transistors with Laser-Patterned Ag Nanowire Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50675-50683. [PMID: 33136358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are poised to revolutionize personal healthcare and robotics, where they enable distributed and conformal sensors. Transistors are fundamental building blocks of electronics, and there is a need to produce stretchable transistors using low-cost and scalable fabrication techniques. Here, we introduce a facile fabrication approach using laser patterning and transfer printing to achieve high-performance, solution-processed intrinsically stretchable organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The device consists of Ag nanowire (NW) electrodes, where the source and drain electrodes are patterned using laser ablation. The Ag NWs are then partially embedded in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix. The electrodes are combined with a PDMS dielectric and polymer semiconductor, where the layers are individually transfer printed to complete the OTFT. Two polymer semiconductors, DPP-DTT and DPP-4T, are considered and show stable operation under the cyclic strain of 20 and 40%, respectively. The OTFTs maintain electrical performance by adopting a buckled structure after the first stretch-release cycle. The conformability and stretchability of the OTFT is also demonstrated by operating the transistor while adhered to a finger being flexed. The ability to pattern highly conductive Ag NW networks using laser ablation to pattern electrodes as well as interconnects provides a simple strategy to produce complex stretchable OTFT-based circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqiao Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jingyan Dong
- Department of Industrial and System Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brendan T O'Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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39
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Lin YC, Huang YW, Hung CC, Chiang YC, Chen CK, Hsu LC, Chueh CC, Chen WC. Backbone Engineering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers through Random Terpolymerization for Improved Mobility-Stretchability Property. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50648-50659. [PMID: 33138353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers synthesized through random terpolymerization have recently attracted great research interest due to the synergetic effect on the polymer's crystallinity and semiconducting properties. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of random terpolymerization in fine-tuning the aggregation behavior and optoelectronic property of conjugated polymers to yield enhanced device performance. However, as an influential approach of backbone engineering, its efficacy in modulating the mobility-stretchability property of high-performance conjugated polymers has not been fuller explored to date. Herein, a series of random terpolymers based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole-bithiophene (DPP-2T) backbone incorporating different amounts of isoindigo (IID) unit are synthesized, and their structure-mobility-stretchability correlation is thoroughly investigated. Our results reveal that random terpolymers containing a low IID content (DPP95 and DPP90) show enhanced interchain packing and solid-state aggregation to result in improved charge-transporting performance (can reach 4 order higher) compared to the parent polymer DPP100. In addition, owing to the enriched amorphous feature, DPP95 and DPP90 deliver an improved orthogonal mobility (μh) of >0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1 under a 100% strain, higher than the value (∼0.002 cm2 V-1 s-1) of DPP100. Moreover, DPP95 even yields 20% enhanced orthogonal μh retention after 800 stretching-releasing cycles with 60% strain. As concluded from a series of analyses, the improved mobility-stretchability property exerted by random terpolymerization arises from the enriched amorphous feature and enhanced aggregation behavior imposed by the geometry mismatch between different acceptors (DPP and IID). This study demonstrates that backbone engineering through rational random terpolymerization not only enhances the mobility-stretchability of a conjugated polymer but also realizes a better mechanical endurance, providing a new perspective for the design of high-performance stretchable conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Che Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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40
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Lovell TC, Fosnacht KG, Colwell CE, Jasti R. Effect of curvature and placement of donor and acceptor units in cycloparaphenylenes: a computational study. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12029-12035. [PMID: 34094422 PMCID: PMC8162840 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03923c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes have promise as novel fluorescent materials. However, shifting their fluorescence beyond 510 nm is difficult. Herein, we computationally explore the effect of incorporating electron accepting and electron donating units on CPP photophysical properties at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311G** level. We demonstrate that incorporation of donor and acceptor units may shift the CPP fluorescence as far as 1193 nm. This computational work directs the synthesis of bright red-emitting CPPs. Furthermore, the nanohoop architecture allows for interrogation of strain effects on common conjugated polymer donor and acceptor units. Strain results in a bathochromic shift versus linear variants, demonstrating the value of using strain to push the limits of low band gap materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri C Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Kaylin G Fosnacht
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Curtis E Colwell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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41
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Lovell TC, Garrison ZR, Jasti R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange‐Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Zachary R. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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43
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Lovell TC, Garrison ZR, Jasti R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange‐Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14363-14367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Zachary R. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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44
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Luo S, Wang T, Ocheje MU, Zhang S, Xu J, Qian Z, Gu X, Xue G, Rondeau-Gagné S, Jiang J, Hu W, Zhuravlev E, Zhou D. Multiamorphous Phases in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers: From Bulk to Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Evgeny Zhuravlev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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45
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Chou LH, Na Y, Park CH, Park MS, Osaka I, Kim FS, Liu CL. Semiconducting small molecule/polymer blends for organic transistors. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Velusamy A, Yu C, Afraj SN, Lin C, Lo W, Yeh C, Wu Y, Hsieh H, Chen J, Lee G, Tung S, Liu C, Chen M, Facchetti A. Thienoisoindigo (TII)-Based Quinoidal Small Molecules for High-Performance n-Type Organic Field Effect Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2002930. [PMID: 33437584 PMCID: PMC7788596 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel quinoidal thienoisoindigo (TII)-containing small molecule family with dicyanomethylene end-capping units and various alkyl chains is synthesized as n-type organic small molecules for solution-processable organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular structure of the 2-hexyldecyl substituted derivative, TIIQ-b16, is determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and shows that the TIIQ core is planar and exhibits molecular layers stacked in a "face-to-face" arrangement with short core intermolecular distances of 3.28 Å. The very planar core structure, shortest intermolecular N···H distance (2.52 Å), existence of an intramolecular non-bonded contact between sulfur and oxygen atom (S···O) of 2.80 Å, and a very low-lying LUMO energy level of -4.16 eV suggest that TIIQ molecules should be electron transporting semiconductors. The physical, thermal, and electrochemical properties as well as OFET performance and thin film morphologies of these new TIIQs are systematically studied. Thus, air-processed TIIQ-b16 OFETs exhibit an electron mobility up to 2.54 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a current ON/OFF ratio of 105-106, which is the first demonstration of TII-based small molecules exhibiting unipolar electron transport characteristics and enhanced ambient stability. These results indicate that construction of quinoidal molecule from TII moiety is a successful approach to enhance n-type charge transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsin Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Chi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Yu Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Jung Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Chun Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research CenterNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research CenterNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
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