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Xu C, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D, Tang X, Zhang H, Huang J, Guo Z, Liu W. Mechanical Regulation of Polymer Gels. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10435-10508. [PMID: 39284130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polymer gels devote to emerging devices and machines in fields such as biomedical engineering, flexible bioelectronics, biomimetic actuators, and energy harvesters. Coupling network architectures and interactions has been explored to regulate supportive mechanical characteristics of polymer gels; however, systematic reviews correlating mechanics to interaction forces at the molecular and structural levels remain absent in the field. This review highlights the molecular engineering and structural engineering of polymer gel mechanics and a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of mechanical regulation. Molecular engineering alters molecular architecture and manipulates functional groups/moieties at the molecular level, introducing various interactions and permanent or reversible dynamic bonds as the dissipative energy. Molecular engineering usually uses monomers, cross-linkers, chains, and other additives. Structural engineering utilizes casting methods, solvent phase regulation, mechanochemistry, macromolecule chemical reactions, and biomanufacturing technology to construct and tailor the topological network structures, or heterogeneous modulus compositions. We envision that the perfect combination of molecular and structural engineering may provide a fresh view to extend exciting new perspectives of this burgeoning field. This review also summarizes recent representative applications of polymer gels with excellent mechanical properties. Conclusions and perspectives are also provided from five aspects of concise summary, mechanical mechanism, biofabrication methods, upgraded applications, and synergistic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Siyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of materials engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubeu University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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Zhang J, Li H, Zhou X, Hu Q, Chen J, Tang L, Yang X, Gao J, Liu B, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Dong S, Zhang S. Adhesive Zwitterionic Poly(ionic liquid) with Unprecedented Organic Solvent Resistance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403039. [PMID: 38805574 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The resistance of adhesives to organic solvents is of paramount importance in diverse industries. Unfortunately, many currently available adhesives exhibit either weak intermolecular chain interactions, resulting in insufficient resistance to organic solvents, or possess a permanent covalent crosslinked network, impeding recyclability. This study introduces an innovative approach to address this challenge by formulating zwitterionic poly(ionic liquid) (ZPIL) derivatives with robust dipole-dipole interactions, incorporating sulfonic anions and imidazolium cations. Due to its unique dynamic and electrostatic self-crosslinking structure, the ZPIL exhibits significant adhesion to various substrates and demonstrates excellent recyclability even after multiple adhesion tests. Significantly, ZPIL exhibits exceptional adhesion stability across diverse nonpolar and polar organic solvents, including ionic liquids, distinguishing itself from nonionic polymers and conventional poly(ionic liquid)s. Its adhesive performance remains minimally affected even after prolonged exposure to soaking conditions. The study presents a promising solution for the design of highly organic solvent-resistant materials for plastics, coatings, and adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Qinyu Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Liang Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Gai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410004, China
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3
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Yu Z, Li Q, Liu Y, Tian S, Chen W, Han Y, Tang Z, Zhang J. Malleable, Ultrastrong Antibacterial Thermosets Enabled by Guanidine Urea Structure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402891. [PMID: 38868926 PMCID: PMC11321644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent polymers (DCPs) that strike a balance between high performance and rapid reconfiguration have been a challenging task. For this purpose, a solution is proposed in the form of a new dynamic covalent supramolecular motif-guanidine urea structure (GUAs). GUAs contain complex and diverse chemical structures as well as unique bonding characteristics, allowing guanidine urea supramolecular polymers to demonstrate advanced physical properties. Noncovalent interaction aggregates (NIAs) have been confirmed to form in GUA-DCPs through multistage H-bonding and π-π stacking, resulting in an extremely high Young's modulus of 14 GPa, suggesting remarkable mechanical strength. Additionally, guanamine urea linkages in GUAs, a new type of dynamic covalent bond, provide resins with excellent malleability and reprocessability. Guanamine urea metathesis is validated using small molecule model compounds, and the temperature dependent infrared and rheological behavior of GUA-DCPs following the dissociative exchange mechanism. Moreover, the inherent photodynamic antibacterial properties are extensively verified by antibacterial experiments. Even after undergoing three reprocessing cycles, the antibacterial rate of GUA-DCPs remains above 99% after 24 h, highlighting their long-lasting antibacterial effectiveness. GUA-DCPs with dynamic nature, tuneable composition, and unique combination of properties make them promising candidates for various technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Center of Eco‐Material and Green ChemistryLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Shu Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Wanding Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Yingying Han
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Tang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201P. R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Center of Eco‐Material and Green ChemistryLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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4
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Xing Y, Lu L, Li J, Xu J, Zhang F. Rosin-based self-healing functionalized composites with two-dimensional polyamide for antimicrobial and anticorrosion coatings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133152. [PMID: 38878928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The design of polymer-based composites possessing good mechanical and self-healing properties remains a challenge in the development of high-performance self-healing materials. In this study, we used two-dimensional polyamide (2DPA), biomass rosin ester, and a dynamic crosslinking agent poly (urethane-urea) as raw materials, and prepared biomass rosin-based composites via in situ polymerization. The composites with 1 wt% 2DPA exhibited excellent self-healing properties (self-healing efficiency of 94 % after 24 h at 80 °C) and mechanical properties (tensile strength = 7.8 MPa). Moreover, the composites were applied to anticorrosion and antimicrobial coatings, which possessed excellent anticorrosion and antimicrobial properties. This study provides a new strategy for developing high-performance bio-based self-healing composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedong Xing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jiongchao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jianben Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guangxi Minzu Normal University, Chongzuo, China.
| | - Faai Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomedical Polymer Materials, Guilin, China.
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Wang L, Zhang K, Zhang X, Tan Y, Guo L, Xia Y, Wang X. Mismatched Supramolecular Interactions Facilitate the Reprocessing of Super-Strong and Ultratough Thermoset Elastomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311758. [PMID: 38758171 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Thermoset elastomers have been extensively applied in many fields because of their excellent mechanical strengths and durable characteristics, such as an excellent chemical resistance. However, in the context of environmental issues, the nonrecyclability of thermosets has become a major barrier to the further development of these materials. Here, a well-tailored strategy is reported to solve this problem by introducing mismatched supramolecular interactions (MMSIs) into a covalently cross-linked poly(urethane-urea) network with dynamic acylsemicarbazide moieties. The MMSIs significantly strengthen and toughen the thermoset elastomer by effectively dissipating energy and resisting external stress. In addition, the elastomer recycling efficiency is improved 2.7-fold due to the superior reversibility of the MMSIs. The optimized thermoset elastomer features outstanding characteristics, including an ultrahigh tensile strength (110.8 MPa), an unprecedented tensile toughness (1245.2 MJ m-3), as well as remarkable resistance to chemical media, creep, and damage. Most importantly, it exhibits an extraordinary multirecyclability, and the 4th recycling efficiency remains close to 100%. This scalable method promotes the development of thermosets with both high performance and excellent recyclability, thereby providing valuable guidance for addressing the issue of nonrecyclability from a molecular design standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xingxue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
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Chen J, Wang Z, Yao B, Geng Y, Wang C, Xu J, Chen T, Jing J, Fu J. Ultra-Highly Stiff and Tough Shape Memory Polyurea with Unprecedented Energy Density by Precise Slight Cross-Linking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401178. [PMID: 38648568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted significant attention and hold vast potential for diverse applications. Nevertheless, conventional SMPs suffer from notable shortcomings in terms of mechanical properties, environmental stability, and energy density, significantly constraining their practical utility. Here, inspired by the structure of muscle fibers, an innovative approach that involves the precise incorporation of subtle, permanent cross-linking within a hierarchical hydrogen bonding supramolecular network is reported. This novel strategy has culminated in the development of covalent and supramolecular shape memory polyurea, which exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, including high stiffness (1347 MPa), strength (82.4 MPa), and toughness (312.7 MJ m-3), ensuring its suitability for a wide range of applications. Furthermore, it boasts remarkable recyclability and repairability, along with excellent resistance to moisture, heat, and solvents. Moreover, the polymer demonstrates outstanding shape memory effects characterized by a high energy density (24.5 MJ m-3), facilitated by the formation of strain-induced oriented nanostructures that can store substantial amounts of entropic energy. Simultaneously, it maintains a remarkable 96% shape fixity and 99% shape recovery. This delicate interplay of covalent and supramolecular bonds opens up a promising pathway to the creation of high-performance SMPs, expanding their applicability across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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7
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Jia Y, Guan Q, Chu C, Zhang L, Neisiany RE, Gu S, Sun J, You Z. A fluorine-based strong and healable elastomer with unprecedented puncture resistance for high performance flexible electronics. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1875-1886. [PMID: 38616151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
There is usually a trade-off between high mechanical strength and dynamic self-healing because the mechanisms of these properties are mutually exclusive. Herein, we design and fabricate a fluorinated phenolic polyurethane (FPPU) elastomer based on octafluoro-4,4'-biphenol to overcome this challenge. This fluorine-based motif not only tunes interchain interactions through π-π stacking between aromatic rings and free-volume among polymer chains but also improves the reversibility of phenol-carbamate bonds via electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine atoms. The developed FPPU elastomer shows the highest recorded puncture energy (648.0 mJ), high tensile strength (27.0 MPa), as well as excellent self-healing efficiency (92.3%), along with low surface energy (50.9 MJ m-2), notch-insensitivity, and reprocessability compared with non-fluorinated counterpart biphenolic polyurethane (BPPU) elastomer. Taking advantage of the above-mentioned merits of FPPU elastomer, we prepare an anti-fouling triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a self-healable, and reprocessable elastic substrate. Benefiting from stronger electron affinity of fluorine atoms than hydrogen atoms, this electronic device exhibits ultrahigh peak open-circuit voltage of 302.3 V compared to the TENG fabricated from BPPU elastomer. Furthermore, a healable and stretchable conductive composite is prepared. This research provides a distinct and general pathway toward constructing high-performance elastomers and will enable a series of new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chengzhen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Luzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Department of Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
| | - Shijia Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Junfen Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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8
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Wang L, Meng Y, Wang X. Sustainable Supramolecular Polymers. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300694. [PMID: 38355904 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Polymer waste is a pressing issue that requires innovative solutions from the scientific community. As a beacon of hope in addressing this challenge, the concept of sustainable supramolecular polymers (SSPs) emerges. This article discusses challenges and efforts in fabricating SSPs. Addressing the trade-offs between mechanical performance and sustainability, the ultra-tough and multi-recyclable supramolecular polymers are fabricated via tailoring mismatched supramolecular interactions. Additionally, the healing of kinetically inert polymer materials is realized through transient regulation of the interfacial reactivity. Furthermore, a possible development trajectory for SSPs is proposed, and the transient materials can be regarded as the next generation in this field. The evolution of SSPs promises to be a pivotal stride towards a regenerative economy, sparking further exploration and innovation in the realm of sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Cao P, Gong J, Tang Z, Zhou K, Luo H, Zhang X, Wang T, Chen S, Pei X, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Strengthening-Durable Trade-Off and Self-Healing, Recyclable Shape Memory Polyurethanes Enabled by Dynamic Boron-Urethane Bonds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400277. [PMID: 38771626 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the demand for integrating strength and durability reinforcement in shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) for diverse applications remains a significant challenge. Here a series of SMPUs with ultra-high strength, self-healing and recyclability, and excellent shape memory properties through introducing dynamic boron-urethane bonds are synthesized. The introducing of boric acid (BA) to polyurethane leading to the formation of dynamic covalent bonds (DCB) boron-urethane, that confer a robust cross-linking structure on the SMPUs led to the formation of ordered stable hydrogen-bonding network within the SMPUs. The flexible crosslinking with DCB represents a novel strategy for balancing the trade-off between strength and durability, with their strengths reaching up to 82.2 MPa while also addressing the issue of durability in prolonged usage through the provision of self-healing and recyclability. The self-healing and recyclability of SMPU are demonstrated through rapid dynamic exchange reaction of boron-urethane bonds, systematically investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This study sheds light on the essential role of such PU with self-healing and recyclability, contributing to the extension of the PU's service life. The findings of this work provide a general strategy for overcoming traditional trade-offs in preparing SMPUs with both high strength and good durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, 265500, P. R. China
| | - Pengrui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhangzhang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Heming Luo
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shoubing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, 265500, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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10
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Carden P, Ge S, Li B, Samanta S, Sokolov AP. Dynamics in polymers with phase separated dynamic bonds: the case of a peculiar temperature dependence. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3868-3876. [PMID: 38651737 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The topic of polymers with dynamic bonds (stickers) appears as an exciting and promising area of materials science, thanks to their attractive self-healable, recyclable, extremely tough, and super extensible properties. Polymers with phase separated dynamic bonds revealed several unique properties, but mechanisms controlling their viscoelastic properties remain poorly understood. In this work, we present a dynamic analysis of a model polymer system with phase separated hydrogen bonding functionalities. The results confirm that terminal relaxation in these systems is independent of polymer segmental dynamics and is instead controlled by structural relaxations in clusters of stickers. Detailed analysis revealed a surprising result: terminal relaxation time of these systems has weaker temperature dependence than that of structural relaxation in clusters, although the former is slower than the latter. Borrowing ideas from the field of block copolymers, we ascribed this unusual result to an LCST-like behavior for the miscibility of the stickers in the polymer matrix. The presented results and ideas deepen the understanding of the viscoelasticity for polymers with dynamic bonds, enabling intelligent design of functional materials with desired macroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Carden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Sirui Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Bingrui Li
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Subarna Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
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11
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Gao L. Anti-Entropy Aggregation of Minority Groups in Polymers: Design and Applications. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300638. [PMID: 38032334 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Minority groups are non-repeating units with very low content that inevitably exist in polymers. Typically, these minority groups are easily surrounded by the majority of repeating units and randomly dispersed, maximizing the entropy of minority groups. In the concept, anti-entropy aggregation (AEA) of minority groups is described, and different pathways are outlined. They are polymer crystallization-driven AEA, supramolecular interaction-induced AEA, phase separation-confined AEA, and hierarchical interactions-driven AEA. Typical applications of AEA materials are also presented, including fluorescence probes, self-healing materials, ion transporting regulation, and osmotic energy conversion. The concept of AEA is expected to inspire the fabrication of novel functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Gao
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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12
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Sun Y, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang X. Sustainable Polymers with High Performance and Infinite Scalability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400142. [PMID: 38421200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Our society has been pursuing high-performance biodegradable polymers made from facile methods and readily available monomers. Here, we demonstrate a library of enzyme-degradable polymers with desirable properties from the first reported step polyaddition of diamines, COS, and diacrylates. The polymers contain in-chain ester and thiourethane groups, which can serve as lipase-degradation and hydrogen-bonding physical crosslinking points, respectively, resulting in possible biodegradability as well as upgraded mechanical and thermal properties. Also, the properties of the polymers are scalable due to the versatile method and the wide variety of monomers. We obtain 46 polymers with tunable performance covering high-Tm crystalline plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, and amorphous plastics by regulating polymer structure. Additionally, the polymerization method is highly efficient, atom-economical, quantitatively yield, metal- and even catalyst-free. Overall, the polymers are promising green materials given their degradability, simple and modular synthesis, remarkable and tunable properties, and readily available monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
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13
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He L, Jiang Y, Wei J, Zhang Z, Hong T, Ren Z, Huang J, Huang F, Stang PJ, Li S. Highly robust supramolecular polymer networks crosslinked by a tiny amount of metallacycles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3050. [PMID: 38594237 PMCID: PMC11004166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymeric materials have exhibited attractive features such as self-healing, reversibility, and stimuli-responsiveness. However, on account of the weak bonding nature of most noncovalent interactions, it remains a great challenge to construct supramolecular polymeric materials with high robustness. Moreover, high usage of supramolecular units is usually necessary to promote the formation of robust supramolecular polymeric materials, which restrains their applications. Herein, we describe the construction of highly robust supramolecular polymer networks by using only a tiny amount of metallacycles as the supramolecular crosslinkers. A norbornene ring-opening metathesis copolymer with a 120° dipyridine ligand is prepared and self-assembled with a 60° or 120° Pt(II) acceptor to fabricate the metallacycle-crosslinked polymer networks. With only 0.28 mol% or less pendant dipyridine units to form the metallacycle crosslinkers, the mechanical properties of the polymers are significantly enhanced. The tensile strengths, Young's moduli, and toughness of the reinforced polymers reach up to more than 20 MPa, 600 MPa, and 150 MJ/m3, respectively. Controllable destruction and reconstruction of the metallacycle-crosslinked polymer networks are further demonstrated by the sequential addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide and silver triflate, indicative of good stimuli-responsiveness of the networks. These remarkable performances are attributed to the thermodynamically stable, but dynamic metallacycle-based supramolecular coordination complexes that offer strong linkages with good adaptive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang He
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Wei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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14
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Wang X, Weng L, Zhang X, Wu Z, Guan L, Li X. A Self-Healing Conductive Elastomer Based on a Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvent. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304828. [PMID: 37939295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Conductive elastomers are extensively used in electronics; however, they are prone to mechanical damage, have shortened service life, and cause environmental pollution and resource waste under the influence of external factors. Therefore, conductive elastomers with rapid self-healing properties are crucial for solving these problems. To that end, a conductive elastomer based on a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent as the matrix is developed in this study. The contents of certain small molecules and conductive particles are adjusted to yield a conductive elastomer with excellent comprehensive performance. The elastomer exhibited noteworthy fracture strength (15.7 MPa), ultrahigh fracture elongation (2400%), excellent light transmittance (95.6%), and remarkable self-healing characteristics, with complete electrical healing achieved within 0.6 s, ≈63% strain, and ≈64% stress recovered within 1 min, and healing efficiency close to 99% realized within 24 h. By leveraging these properties, the elastomer is used to construct a sensor that exhibited a gauge factor of ≈0.574 in the strain range 0-2400% and excellent stability. Moreover, the CCK-8 toxicity test and fluorescence staining experiment have demonstrated that conductive elastomers have excellent cell compatibility and also have excellent potential in the field of biomedicine. In particular, the sensor is effectively applied in human motion detection, health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ling Weng
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zijian Wu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lizhu Guan
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
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15
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Li M, Peng B, Lyu Q, Chen X, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xiong B, Zhang L, Zhu J. Scalable production of structurally colored composite films by shearing supramolecular composites of polymers and colloids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1874. [PMID: 38424168 PMCID: PMC10904808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Structurally colored composite films, composed of orderly arranged colloids in polymeric matrix, are emerging flexible optical materials, but their production is bottlenecked by time-consuming procedures and limited material choices. Here, we present a mild approach to producing large-scale structurally colored composite films by shearing supramolecular composites composed of polymers and colloids with supramolecular interactions. Leveraging dynamic connection and dissociation of supramolecular interactions, shearing force stretches the polymer chains and drags colloids to migrate directionally within the polymeric matrix with reduced viscous resistance. We show that meter-scale structurally colored composite films with iridescence color can be produced within several minutes at room temperature. Significantly, the tunability and diversity of supramolecular interactions allow this shearing approach extendable to various commonly-used polymers. This study overcomes the traditional material limitations of manufacturing structurally colored composite films by shearing method and opens an avenue for mildly producing ordered composites with commonly-available materials via supramolecular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bolun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quanqian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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16
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Wang Y, Ding L, Lin J, Qiu X, Wu C, Liu C, Tian Y, Zhang R, Huang W, Ma M. Recent Developments in Polyurea Research for Enhanced Impact Penetration Resistance and Blast Mitigation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:440. [PMID: 38337329 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurea has gained significant attention in recent years as a functional polymer material, specifically regarding blast and impact protection. The molecular structure of polyurea is characterized by the rapid reaction between isocyanate and the terminal amine component, and forms an elastomeric copolymer that enhances substrate protection against blast impact and fragmentation penetration. At the nanoscale, a phase-separated microstructure emerges, with dispersed hard segment microregions within a continuous matrix of soft segments. This unique microstructure contributes to the remarkable mechanical properties of polyurea. To maximize these properties, it is crucial to analyze the molecular structure and explore methods like formulation optimization and the incorporation of reinforcing materials or fibers. Current research efforts in polyurea applications for protective purposes primarily concentrate on construction, infrastructure, military, transportation and industrial products and facilities. Future research directions should encompass deliberate formulation design and modification, systematic exploration of factors influencing protective performance across various applications and the integration of numerical simulations and experiments to reveal the protective mechanisms of polyurea. This paper provides an extensive literature review that specifically examines the utilization of polyurea for blast and impact protection. It encompasses discussions on material optimization, protective mechanisms and its applications in blast and impact protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Lailong Ding
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xishun Qiu
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yicheng Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Weibo Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Mingliang Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
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17
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Tang B, Pauls M, Bannwarth C, Hecht S. Photoswitchable Quadruple Hydrogen-Bonding Motif. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:45-50. [PMID: 38033296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple hydrogen-bonding motifs serve as important building blocks for molecular recognition and self-assembly. Herein, a photoswitchable quadruple hydrogen-bonding motif featuring near-complete, reversible, and thermostable conversion between DADA and AADD arrays associated with an alteration of their dimerization constants by over 3 orders of magnitude is reported. The system is based on a diarylethene featuring a ureidopyrimidin-4-ol moiety, which upon photoinduced ring closure and associated loss of aromaticity undergoes enol-keto tautomerization to a ureidopyrimidinone moiety. The latter causes a transformation of the hydrogen-bonding arrays and significantly weakens the free energy of dimerization in the case of the closed isomer. This photoswitchable quadruple hydrogen-bonding motif should allow us to spatially and temporarily direct self-assembly and supramolecular polymerization processes by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Tang
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mike Pauls
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Li C, Bhandary R, Marinow A, Bachmann S, Pöppler AC, Binder WH. Stability of Quadruple Hydrogen Bonds in an Ionic Liquid Environment. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300464. [PMID: 37796474 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are highly sensitive to the surrounding environments owing to their dipolar nature, with polar solvents kown to significantly weaken H-bonds. Herein, the stability of the H-bonding motif ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) is investigated, embedded into a highly polar polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) consisting of pendant pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL) moieties, to study the influence of such ionic environments on the UPy H-bonds. The content of the surrounding IL is changed by addition of an additional low molecular weight IL to further boost the IL content around the UPy moieties in molar ratios of UPy/IL ranging from 1/4 up to 1/113, thereby promoting the polar microenvironment around the UPy-H-bonds. Variable-temperature solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrate that the UPy H-bonds are largely present as (UPy-) dimers, but sensitive to elevated temperatures (>70 °C). Subsequent rheology and DSC studies reveal that the ILs only solvate the polymeric chains but do not interfere with the UPy-dimer H-bonds, thus accounting for their high stability and applicability in many material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Li
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rajesh Bhandary
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Marinow
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephanie Bachmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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19
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Ai L, Lin W, Cao C, Li P, Wang X, Lv D, Li X, Yang Z, Yao X. Tough soldering for stretchable electronics by small-molecule modulated interfacial assemblies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7723. [PMID: 38001116 PMCID: PMC10673831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid-developing soft robots and wearable devices require flexible conductive materials to maintain electric functions over a large range of deformations. Considerable efforts are made to develop stretchable conductive materials; little attention is paid to the frequent failures of integrated circuits caused by the interface mismatch of soft substrates and rigid silicon-based microelectronics. Here, we present a stretchable solder with good weldability that can strongly bond with electronic components, benefiting from the hierarchical assemblies of liquid metal particles, small-molecule modulators, and non-covalently crosslinked polymer matrix. Our self-solder shows high conductivity (>2×105 S m-1), extreme stretchability (~1000%, and >600% with chip-integrated), and high toughness (~20 MJ m-3). Additionally, the dynamic interactions within our solder's surface and interior enable a range of unique features, including ease of integration, component substitution, and circuit recyclability. With all these features, we demonstrated an application as thermoforming technology for three-dimensional (3D) conformable electronics, showing potential in reducing the complexity of microchip interfacing, as well as scalable fabrication of chip-integrated stretchable circuits and 3D electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weikang Lin
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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20
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Situ B, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Tu Y. Graphene oxide-based large-area dynamic covalent interfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17739-17750. [PMID: 37916524 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic materials, being capable of reversible structural adaptation in response to the variation of external surroundings, have experienced significant advancements in the past several decades. In particular, dynamic covalent materials (DCMs), where the dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) can reversibly break and reform under defined conditions, present superior dynamic characteristics, such as self-adaptivity, self-healing and shape memory. However, the dynamic characteristics of DCBs are mainly limited within the length scale of covalent bonds, due to the local position exchange or the inter-distance variation between the chemical compositions involved in the reversible covalent reactions. In this minireview, a discussion regarding the realization of long-range migration of chemical compositions along the interfaces of graphene oxide (GO)-based materials via the spatially connected and consecutive occurrence of DCB-based reversible covalent reactions is presented, and the interfaces are termed "large-area dynamic covalent interfaces (LDCIs)". The effective strategies, including water adsorption, interfacial curvature and metal-substrate support, as well as the potential applications of LDCIs in water dissociation and humidity sensing are summarized. Additionally, we also give an outlook on potential strategies to realize LDCIs on other 2D carbon-based materials, including the interfacial morphology and periodic element doping. This minireview provides insights into the realization of LDCIs on a wider range of 2D materials, and offers a theoretical perspective for advancing materials with long-range dynamic characteristics and improved performance, including controlled drug delivery/release and high-efficiency (bio)sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Situ
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Yusong Tu
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Microelectronics Industry Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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21
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Yang H, Li S, Zheng J, Chen G, Wang W, Miao Y, Zhu N, Cong Y, Fu J. Erasable, Rewritable, and Reprogrammable Dual Information Encryption Based on Photoluminescent Supramolecular Host-Guest Recognition and Hydrogel Shape Memory. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301300. [PMID: 37358043 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Information encryption technologies are very important for security, health, commodity, and communications, etc. Novel information encryption mechanisms and materials are desired to achieve multimode and reprogrammable encryption. Here, a supramolecular strategy is demonstrated to achieve multimodal, erasable, reprogrammable, and reusable information encryption by reversibly modulating fluorescence. A butyl-naphthalimide with flexible ethylenediamine functionalized β-cyclodextrin (N-CD) is utilized as a fluorescent responsive ink for printing or patterning information on polymer brushes with dangling adamantane group grafted on responsive hydrogels. The photoluminescent naphthalimide moiety is bonded to β-CD and entrapped in the cavity. Its fluorescence is highly weakened in β-CD cavity and recovers after being expelled from the cavity by a competing guest molecule to emit bright green photoluminescence under UV. Experiments and theoretical calculations suggest π-π stacking and ICT as the primary mechanism for the naphthalimides assembly and fluorescence, which can be quenched through insertion of conjugated molecules and recover by removing the insert. Such reversible quenching and recovering are used to achieve repeated writing, erasing, and re-writing of information. Supramolecular recognition and hydrogel shape memory are further combined to achieve reversible dual-encryption. This study provides a novel strategy to develop smart materials with improved information security for broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jingxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Miao
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cong
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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22
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Huang YS, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Zhang D, Wu S. Reversible Crosslinking of Commodity Polymers via Photocontrolled Metal-Ligand Coordination for High-Performance and Recyclable Thermoset Plastics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305517. [PMID: 37401043 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermoset plastics, highly desired for their stability, durability, and chemical resistance, are currently consumed in over 60 million tons annually across the globe, but they are difficult to recycle due to their crosslinked structures. The development of recyclable thermoset plastics is an important but challenging task. In this work, recyclable thermoset plastics are prepared by crosslinking a commodity polymer, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with a small percentage of a Ru complex via nitrile-Ru coordination. PAN is obtained from industry and the Ru complex is synthesized in one step, which enables the production of recyclable thermoset plastics in an efficient way. In addition, the thermoset plastics exhibit impressive mechanical performance, boasting a Young's modulus of 6.3 GPa and a tensile strength of 109.8 MPa. Moreover, they can be de-crosslinked when exposed to both light and a solvent and can then be re-crosslinked upon heating. This reversible crosslinking mechanism enables the recycling of thermosets from a mixture of plastic waste. The preparation of recyclable thermosets from other commodity polymers such as poly(styrene-coacrylonitrile) (SAN) resins and polymer composites through reversible crosslinking is also demonstrated. This study shows that reversible crosslinking via metal-ligand coordination is a new strategy for designing recyclable thermosets using commodity polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shuai Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Si Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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23
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Alharbi A, Almutairi D, Hussain H, Alfihed S. Detailed Study of the Correlation between Cross-Linking of Thick SU-8 and UV-NIR Optical Transmission/Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3866. [PMID: 37835915 PMCID: PMC10575346 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SU-8 polymers are promising materials for various applications due to their low cost, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding mechanical properties. Cross-linking of SU-8 is a crucial process that determines the properties of the materials. This study investigates the effect of cross-linking of free-standing SU-8 films on optical transmission and PL emission under various curing conditions. Our findings show that an increase in the cross-linking density reduces optical transmission and causes a red shift of the PL emission band peaks. By directly measuring the optical response of the isolated SU-8, we remove any uncertainty due to the substrate's presence. Moreover, we show that optical transmission and PL spectroscopy are two non-distractive techniques that can be employed to monitor the curing of the SU-8. This finding enhances our understanding of the cross-linking process in SU-8 and paves the way to further enhance the properties of the SU-8 polymer for various electronics and optoelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Salman Alfihed
- Microelectronics and Semiconductors Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Huang S, Zheng J, Jiang Z, Liu J, Liu Y. Exploring the supramolecular chemistry of cyclopropeniums: halogen-bonding-induced electrostatic assembly of polymers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9820-9826. [PMID: 37736651 PMCID: PMC10510819 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring new noncovalent synthons for supramolecular assembly is essential for material innovation. Accordingly, we herein report a unique type of cyclopropenium-based supramolecular motif and demonstrate its applications to polymer self-assembly. Because of the "ion pair strain" effect, trisaminocyclopropenium iodides complex strongly with fluoroiodobenzene derivatives, forming stable adducts. Crystal structure analysis reveals that halogen-bonding between the iodide anion and the iodo substituent of the fluoroiodobenzene is the driving force for the formation of these electrostatically complexed adducts. Such halogen-bonding-induced electrostatic interactions were further successfully applied to drive the assembly of polymers in solution, on surfaces, and in bulk, demonstrating their potential for constructing supramolecular polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jianlin Zheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zihao Jiang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jiaxiong Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yiliu Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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25
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Deng J, Bai R, Zhao J, Liu G, Zhang Z, You W, Yu W, Yan X. Insights into the Correlation of Cross-linking Modes with Mechanical Properties for Dynamic Polymeric Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309058. [PMID: 37491679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously introducing covalent and supramolecular cross-links into one system to construct dually cross-linked networks, has been proved an effective approach to prepare high-performance materials. However, so far, features and advantages of dually cross-linked networks compared with those possessing individual covalent or supramolecular cross-linking points are rarely investigated. Herein, on the basis of comparison between supramolecular polymer network (SPN), covalent polymer network (CPN) and dually cross-linked polymer network (DPN), we reveal that the dual cross-linking strategy can endow the DPN with integrated advantages of CPN and SPN. Benefiting from the energy dissipative ability along with the dissociation of host-guest complexes, the DPN shows excellent toughness and ductility similar to the SPN. Meanwhile, the elasticity of covalent cross-links in the DPN could rise the structural stability to a level comparable to the CPN, exhibiting quick deformation recovery capacity. Moreover, the DPN has the strongest breaking stress and puncture resistance among the three, proving the unique property advantages of dual cross-linking method. These findings gained from our study further deepen the understanding of dynamic polymeric networks and facilitate the preparation of high-performance elastomeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxi Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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26
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Xu J, Wang X, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang T, Yang Z, Tao L. Mechanically Ultra-Robust Elastomers Integrating Self-Healing and Recycling Properties Enable Information Encryption and Hierarchical Decryption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41937-41949. [PMID: 37605560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance elastomers with distinctive features opens up new vistas and exciting possibilities for information encryption but remains a daunting challenge. To surmount this difficulty, an unprecedented synthetic approach, "modular molecular engineering", was proposed to develop tailor-made advanced elastomers. The customized hydrophobic poly(urea-urethane) (HPUU-R) elastomer perfectly integrated ultrahigh tensile strength (∼75.3 MPa), extraordinary toughness (∼292.5 MJ m-3), satisfactory room-temperature healing, high transparency, puncture-, scratch-, and water-resistance; and miraculously, its 0.20 g film could lift objects over 100 000 times its weight without rupture. Intriguingly, we unexpectedly discovered that the elastomers fluoresce brightly at the optimal excitation wavelength attributed to the "clusterization-triggered emission". Based on the gradient hydrophobicity and fluorescent properties of HPUU-R, a hierarchical information encryption/decryption mode was innovatively established. Using high-performance HPUU-R as a double encryption platform makes the information highly stable and persistent, thus providing a stronger guarantee for the encrypted information. More attractively, given the impressive recyclability and self-healing of HPUU-R, information encryption can be realized by using recycled elastomers, injecting new vitality into green and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zenghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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27
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Li C, Xiong Q, Clemons TD, Sai H, Yang Y, Hussain Sangji M, Iscen A, Palmer LC, Schatz GC, Stupp SI. Role of supramolecular polymers in photo-actuation of spiropyran hydrogels. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6095-6104. [PMID: 37293659 PMCID: PMC10246702 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00401e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular-covalent hybrid polymers have been shown to be interesting systems to generate robotic functions in soft materials in response to external stimuli. In recent work supramolecular components were found to enhance the speed of reversible bending deformations and locomotion when exposed to light. The role of morphology in the supramolecular phases integrated into these hybrid materials remains unclear. We report here on supramolecular-covalent hybrid materials that incorporate either high-aspect-ratio peptide amphiphile (PA) ribbons and fibers, or low-aspect-ratio spherical peptide amphiphile micelles into photo-active spiropyran polymeric matrices. We found that the high-aspect-ratio morphologies not only play a significant role in providing mechanical reinforcement to the matrix but also enhance photo-actuation for both light driven volumetric contraction and expansion of spiropyran hydrogels. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that water within the high-aspect-ratio supramolecular polymers exhibits a faster draining rate as compared to those in spherical micelles, which suggests that the high-aspect-ratio supramolecular polymers effectively facilitate the transport of trapped water molecules by functioning as channels and therefore enhancing actuation of the hybrid system. Our simulations provide a useful strategy for the design of new functional hybrid architectures and materials with the aim of accelerating response and enhancing actuation by facilitating water diffusion at the nanoscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Qinsi Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Tristan D Clemons
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 2220 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - M Hussain Sangji
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Aysenur Iscen
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University 303 E. Superior Street Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University 2220 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University 676 N St. Clair Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University 303 E. Superior Street Chicago IL 60611 USA
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28
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Lang X, Huang Y, He L, Wang Y, Thumu U, Chu Z, Huck WTS, Zhao H. Mechanosensitive non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerization in closed chemical systems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3084. [PMID: 37248275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical fuel-driven supramolecular systems have been developed showing out-of-equilibrium functions such as transient gelation and oscillations. However, these systems suffer from undesired waste accumulation and they function only in open systems. Herein, we report non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerizations in a closed system, which is built by viologens and pyranine in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. On shaking, the viologens are quickly oxidated by air followed by self-assembly of pyranine into micrometer-sized nanotubes. The self-assembled nanotubes disassemble spontaneously over time by the reduced agent, with nitrogen as the only waste product. Our mechanosensitive dissipative system can be extended to fabricate a chiral transient supramolecular helix by introducing chiral-charged small molecules. Moreover, we show that shaking induces transient fluorescence enhancement or quenching depending on substitution of viologens. Ultrasound is introduced as a specific shaking way to generate template-free reproducible patterns. Additionally, the shake-driven transient polymerization of amphiphilic naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide serves as further evidence of the versatility of our mechanosensitive non-equilibrium system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Lang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Lirong He
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Udayabhaskararao Thumu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Zonglin Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
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29
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Yue L, Su YL, Li M, Yu L, Montgomery SM, Sun X, Finn MG, Gutekunst WR, Ramprasad R, Qi HJ. One-Pot Synthesis of Depolymerizable δ-Lactone Based Vitrimers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300954. [PMID: 37060583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A depolymerizable vitrimer that allows both reprocessability and monomer recovery by a simple and scalable one-pot two-step synthesis of vitrimers from cyclic lactones is reported. Biobased δ-valerolactone with alkyl substituents (δ-lactone) has low ceiling temperature; thus, their ring-opening-polymerized aliphatic polyesters are capable of depolymerizing back to monomers. In this work, the amorphous poly(δ-lactone) is solidified into an elastomer (i.e., δ-lactone vitrimer) by a vinyl ether cross-linker with dynamic acetal linkages, giving the merits of reprocessing and healing. Thermolysis of the bulk δ-lactone vitrimer at 200 °C can recover 85-90 wt% of the material, allowing reuse without losing value and achieving a successful closed-loop life cycle. It further demonstrates that the new vitrimer has excellent properties, with the potential to serve as a biobased and sustainable replacement of conventional soft elastomers for various applications such as lenses, mold materials, soft robots, and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mingzhe Li
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Luxia Yu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - S Macrae Montgomery
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xiaohao Sun
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Will R Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - H Jerry Qi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Rewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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30
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An ZW, Xue R, Ye K, Zhao H, Liu Y, Li P, Chen ZM, Huang CX, Hu GH. Recent advances in self-healing polyurethane based on dynamic covalent bonds combined with other self-healing methods. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6505-6520. [PMID: 36883369 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To meet more application requirements, improving mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency has become the focus of current research on self-healing PU. The competitive relationship between self-healing ability and mechanical properties cannot be avoided by a single self-healing method. To address this problem, a growing number of studies have combined dynamic covalent bonding with other self-healing methods to construct the PU structure. This review summarizes recent studies on PU materials that combine typical dynamic covalent bonds with other self-healing methods. It mainly includes four parts: hydrogen bonding, metal coordination bonding, nanofillers combined with dynamic covalent bonding and multiple dynamic covalent bond bonding. The advantages and disadvantages of different self-healing methods and their significant role in improving self-healing ability and mechanical properties in PU networks are analyzed. At the same time, the possible challenges and research directions of self-healing PU materials in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wei An
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kang Ye
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Chong-Xing Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering, CNRS-University of Lorraine, Nancy 54001, France
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31
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Fang Z, Shi Y, Mu H, Lu R, Wu J, Xie T. 3D printing of dynamic covalent polymer network with on-demand geometric and mechanical reprogrammability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1313. [PMID: 36899070 PMCID: PMC10006071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Delicate geometries and suitable mechanical properties are essential for device applications of polymer materials. 3D printing offers unprecedented versatility, but the geometries and mechanical properties are typically fixed after printing. Here, we report a 3D photo-printable dynamic covalent network that can undergo two independently controllable bond exchange reactions, allowing reprogramming the geometry and mechanical properties after printing. Specifically, the network is designed to contain hindered urea bonds and pendant hydroxyl groups. The homolytic exchange between hindered urea bonds allows reconfiguring the printed shape without affecting the network topology and mechanical properties. Under different conditions, the hindered urea bonds are transformed into urethane bonds via exchange reactions with hydroxyl groups, which permits tailoring of the mechanical properties. The freedom to reprogram the shape and properties in an on-demand fashion offers the opportunity to produce multiple 3D printed products from one single printing step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No. 733, Jianshe San Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Jingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China. .,Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 1 Qianhu South Road, Ningbo, 315807, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China.
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32
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Yin Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Duan B, Xin Z, Bao C. Mechanically Strong and Tough Poly(urea-urethane) Thermosets Capable of Being Degraded under Mild Condition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200765. [PMID: 36419259 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of degradable polymeric materials such as degradable polyurethane or polyurea has been much highlighted for resource conservation and environmental protection. Herein, a facile strategy of constructing mechanically strong and tough poly(urea-urethane) (PUU) thermosets that can be degraded under mild conditions by using triple boron-urethane bonds (TBUB) as cross-linkers is demonstrated. By tailoring the molecular weight of the soft segment of the prepolymers, the mechanical performance can be finely controlled. Based on the cross-linking of TBUB units and hydrogen-binding interactions between TBUB linkages, the as-prepared PUU thermosets have excellent mechanical strength of ≈40.2 MPa and toughness of ≈304.9 MJ m-3 . Typically, the PBUU900 strip can lift a barbell with 60 000 times its own weight, showing excellent load-bearing capacity. Meanwhile, owing to the covalent cross-linking of TBUB units, all the PUU thermosets show initial decomposition temperatures over 290 °C, which are comparable to those of the traditional thermosets. Moreover, the TBUB cross-linked PUU thermosets can be easily degraded in a mild acid solution. The small pieces of the PBUU sample can be fully decomposed in 1 m HCl/THF solution for 3.5 h at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Yin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xuhao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Baorong Duan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhirong Xin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chunyang Bao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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33
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Jin Z, Chen T, Liu Y, Feng W, Chen L, Wang C. Multivalent Design of Low-Entropy-Penalty Ion-Dipole Interactions for Dynamic Yet Thermostable Supramolecular Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3526-3534. [PMID: 36718611 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic supramolecular networks are constantly accompanied by thermal instability. The fundamental reason is most reversible noncovalent bonds quickly decay at elevated temperatures and dissociate below 100 °C. Here, in this paper, we realize a reversible ion-dipole interaction with high-temperature stability exceeding 150 °C. The resultant supramolecular network can simultaneously possess mechanical strength of 1.32 MPa (14.8 times that of pristine material), dynamic self-healing capability, and a stable working temperature of up to 200 °C. From the prolonged characteristic relaxation time of 600 s even at 100 °C, our material represents one of the most thermally stable dynamic supramolecular polymers. These remarkable performances are achieved by using a new multivalent yet low-entropy-penalty molecular design. In this way, the noncovalent bond can reach a high enthalpy while minimizing the entropy-dominated thermal dissociations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekai Jin
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China.,Institute of Smart City and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu610032, China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Wenwen Feng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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34
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Zhang Z, Lei D, Zhang C, Wang Z, Jin Y, Zhang W, Liu X, Sun J. Strong and Tough Supramolecular Covalent Adaptable Networks with Room-Temperature Closed-Loop Recyclability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208619. [PMID: 36367361 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of closed-loop chemically recyclable plastics (CCRPs) that can be widely used in daily life can be a fundamental solution to the global plastic waste crisis. Hence, it is of great significance to develop easy-to-recycle CCRPs that possess superior or comparable material properties to the commodity plastics. Here, a novel dual crosslinked CCRP, namely, supramolecular covalent adaptable networks (supra-CANs), is reported, which not only displays mechanical properties higher than the strong and tough commodity polycarbonate, but also exhibits excellent solvent resistance as thermosets. The supra-CANs are constructed by introducing reversible noncovalent crosslinks into the dynamic covalent polymer networks, resulting in highly stiff and strong thermosets that also exhibit thermoplastic-like ductile and tough behaviors as well as reprocessability and rehealability. In great contrast, the analogs that do not have noncovalent crosslinks (CANs) show elastomeric properties with significantly decreased mechanical strength. Importantly, the developed supra-CANs and CANs can be converted back into the initial monomers in high yields and purity at room temperature, even with additives, which enables the sustainable polymer-monomer-polymer circulation. This work provides new design principles for high-performance chemically recyclable polymers as sustainable substitutes for the conventional plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chenxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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35
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Jin H, Lin W, Wu Z, Cheng X, Chen X, Fan Y, Xiao W, Huang J, Qian Q, Chen Q, Yan Y. Surface Hydrophobization Provides Hygroscopic Supramolecular Plastics Based on Polysaccharides with Damage-Specific Healability and Room-Temperature Recyclability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207688. [PMID: 36373548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular materials with room-temperature healability and recyclability are highly desired because they can extend materials lifetimes and reduce resources consumption. Most approaches toward healing and recycling rely on the dynamically reversible supramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen, ionic and coordinate bonds, which are hygroscopic and vulnerable to water. The general water-induced plasticization facilitates the healing and reprocessing process but cause a troubling problem of random self-adhesion. To address this issue, here it is reported that by modifying the hygroscopic surfaces with hydrophobic alkyl chains of dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), supramolecular plastic films based on commercial raw materials of sodium alginate (SA) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) display extraordinary damage-specific healability. Owing to the hydrophobic surfaces, random self-adhesion is eliminated even under humid environment. When damage occurs, the fresh surfaces with ionic groups and hydroxyl groups expose exclusively at the damaged site. Thus, damage-specific healing can be readily facilitated by water-induced plasticization. Moreover, the films display excellent room-temperature recyclability. After multiple times of reprocessing and re-modifying with DTMS, the rejuvenated films exhibit fatigueless mechanical properties. It is anticipated that this approach to damage-specific healing and room-temperature recycling based on surface hydrophobization can be applied to design various of supramolecular plastic polysaccharides materials for building sustainable societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weilin Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, 365004, China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, 365004, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, 365004, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, 365004, China
| | - Wangchuan Xiao
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, 365004, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qingrong Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Yun Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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36
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Zhong W, Song Y, Yang S, Gong L, Shi D, Dong W, Zhang H. A monocarboxylic acid induction strategy to prepare tough and thermo-reversible poly(vinyl alcohol) physical gels with high transparency. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:355-360. [PMID: 36598067 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To date, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gels attract tremendous attention because of their potential applications in a wide variety of fields. Here, a novel monocarboxylic acid induction strategy was developed to fabricate tough and thermo-reversible PVA physical gels by introducing monocarboxylic acids into the PVA/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) system. The obtained PVA gels exhibited appropriate crystalline architectures, leading to superior mechanical properties and high transparency. Furthermore, the role of monocarboxylic acids in the formation of PVA physical gels and the effects of alkyl chain length, concentration, and the induction time of monocarboxylic acids on the properties of PVA physical gels were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yufang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Lihao Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Dongjian Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hongji Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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37
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Ma Y, Jiang X, Yin J, Weder C, Berrocal JA, Shi Z. Chemical Upcycling of Conventional Polyureas into Dynamic Covalent Poly(aminoketoenamide)s. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212870. [PMID: 36394348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical upcycling of polymers is an emerging strategy to transform post-consumer waste into higher-value chemicals and materials. However, on account of the high stability of the chemical bonds that constitute their main chains, the chemical modification of many polymers proves to be difficult. Here, we report a versatile approach for the upcycling of linear and cross-linked polyureas, which are widely used because of their high chemical stability. The treatment of these polymers or their composites with acetylacetone affords di-vinylogous amide-terminated compounds in good yield. These products can be reacted with aromatic isocyanates, and the resulting aminoketoenamide bonds are highly dynamic at elevated temperatures. We show here that this conversion scheme can be exploited for the preparation of dynamic covalent poly(aminoketoenamide) networks, which are healable and reprocessable through thermal treatment without any catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zixing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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38
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Zhang G, Li C, Tan J, Wang M, Liu Z, Ren Y, Xue Y, Zhang Q. Double Modification of Poly(urethane-urea): Toward Healable, Tear-Resistant, and Mechanically Robust Elastomers for Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2134-2146. [PMID: 36571454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane elastomers with mechanical robustness, tear resistance, and healing efficiency hold great potential in wearable sensors and soft robots. However, achieving excellent mechanical properties and healable capability simultaneously remains highly desirable but exclusive. Herein, we propose a straightforward procedure for double modification of poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) via thiolactone chemistry, and two different dynamic cross-linking bonds (disulfide linkages and Zn2+/imidazole coordination) are successively incorporated into the side chain of PUU, producing double cross-linking elastomers (PUU-I/Zn-S). The synergy between disulfide linkages and Zn2+/imidazole coordination forms a robust and dynamic network, endowing PUU-I/Zn-S with excellent mechanical and healing properties. The tensile stress, elongation at break, and toughness of the resultant elastomer can reach 44.06 MPa, 1000%, and 181.93 MJ m-3, respectively. Meanwhile, PUU-I/Zn-S exhibits outstanding tearing resistance with a tearing energy of 42.1 kJ m-2. The PUU-I/Zn-S can restore its mechanical robustness after self-healing at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) or 60 °C and even maintain 91% of its original tensile strength after reprocessing two times. Additionally, PUU-I/Zn-S-based strain sensors are fabricated by introducing conductive nanofillers and demonstrate remarkable sensing capability to diverse human body motions. This work demonstrates a simple and feasible method for the postfunctionalization and enhancement of polyurethane and provides some insights into reconciling the traditional contradictory properties of mechanical robustness and healing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - JiaoJun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zongxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yafeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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39
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Zhang G, Ge F, Wang M, Liu Z, Ren Y, Fu K, Wei M, Zhang Q. Self-Healable, Recyclable, and Reprocessable Poly(urethane–urea) Elastomers with Tunable Mechanical Properties Constructed by Incorporating Triple Dynamic Bonds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Feijie Ge
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zongxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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40
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Huang W, Zhang J, Singh V, Xu L, Kabi P, Bele E, Tiwari MK. Digital light 3D printing of a polymer composite featuring robustness, self-healing, recyclability and tailorable mechanical properties. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 61:None. [PMID: 37842178 PMCID: PMC10567580 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Producing lightweight structures with high weight-specific strength and stiffness, self-healing abilities, and recyclability, is highly attractive for engineering applications such as aerospace, biomedical devices, and smart robots. Most self-healing polymer systems used to date for mechanical components lack 3D printability and satisfactory load-bearing capacity. Here, we report a new self-healable polymer composite for Digital Light Processing 3D Printing, by combining two monomers with distinct mechanical characteristics. It shows a desirable and superior combination of properties among 3D printable self-healing polymers, with tensile strength and elastic modulus up to 49 MPa and 810 MPa, respectively. Benefiting from dual dynamic bonds between the linear chains, a healing efficiency of above 80% is achieved after heating at a mild temperature of 60 °C without additional solvents. Printed objects are also endowed with multi-materials assembly and recycling capabilities, allowing robotic components to be easily reassembled or recycled after failure. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour of printed composites and lattices can be tuned significantly to suit various practical applications by altering formulation. Lattice structures with three different architectures were printed and tested in compression: honeycomb, re-entrant, and chiral. They can regain their structural integrity and stiffness after damage, which is of great value for robotic applications. This study extends the performance space of composites, providing a pathway to design printable architected materials with simultaneous mechanical robustness/healability, efficient recoverability, and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Vikaramjeet Singh
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Lulu Xu
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Prasenjit Kabi
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Eral Bele
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Manish K. Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK
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41
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Yang X, Bai R, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Yan X. Mechanically tunable supramolecular polymer networks with different triblock backbones. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yangang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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42
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Closed-loop chemical recycling of cross-linked polymeric materials based on reversible amidation chemistry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7595. [PMID: 36494357 PMCID: PMC9734120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Closed-loop chemical recycling provides a solution to the end-of-use problem of synthetic polymers. However, it remains a major challenge to design dynamic bonds, capable of effective bonding and reversible cleaving, for preparing chemically recyclable cross-linked polymers. Herein, we report a dynamic maleic acid tertiary amide bond based upon reversible amidation reaction between maleic anhydrides and secondary amines. This dynamic bond allows for the construction of polymer networks with tailorable and robust mechanical properties, covering strong elastomers with a tensile strength of 22.3 MPa and rigid plastics with a yield strength of 38.3 MPa. Impressively, these robust polymeric materials can be completely depolymerized in an acidic aqueous solution at ambient temperature, leading to efficient monomer recovery with >94% separation yields. Meanwhile, the recovered monomers can be used to remanufacture cross-linked polymeric materials without losing their original mechanical performance. This work unveils a general approach to design polymer networks with tunable mechanical performance and closed-loop recyclability, which will open a new avenue for sustainable polymeric materials.
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43
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Wen J, Wang L, Li R, Tang Q, Yan J, Song D. Design and properties of dynamic self‐healing polyurea molecule based on disulfide bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China
| | - Qin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China
| | - Jinyuan Yan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China
| | - Dayu Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China
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44
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Ma G, Wang Q, Ye J, He L, Guo L, Li X, Qiu T, Tuo X. The Multi-Step Chain Extension for Waterborne Polyurethane Binder of Para-Aramid Fabrics. Molecules 2022; 27:7588. [PMID: 36364417 PMCID: PMC9656495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive balance of the mechanical, interfacial, and environmental requirements of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has proved challenging, but crucial in the specific application as the binder for high-performance polymer fiber composites. In this work, a multi-step chain extension (MCE) method was demonstrated using three kinds of small extenders and one kind of macro-chain extender (CE) for different chain extension steps. One dihydroxyl blocked small molecular urea (1,3-dimethylolurea, DMU) was applied as one of the CEs and, through the hybrid macrodiol/diamine systems of polyether, polyester, and polysiloxane, the WPU was developed by the step-by-step optimization on each chain extending reaction via the characterization on the H-bonding association, microphase separation, and mechanical properties. The best performance was achieved when the ratio of polyether/polyester was controlled at 6:4, while 2% of DMU and 1% of polysiloxane diamine was incorporated in the third and fourth chain extension steps, respectively. Under the condition, the WPU exhibited not only excellent tensile strength of 30 MPa, elongation of break of about 1300%, and hydrophobicity indicated by the water contact angle of 98°, but also effective interfacial adhesion to para-aramid fabrics. The peeling strength of the joint based on the polysiloxane incorporated WPU after four steps of chain extension was 430% higher than that prepared through only two steps of chain extension. Moreover, about 44% of the peeling strength was sustained after the joint had been boiling for 40 min in water, suggesting the potential application for high-performance fabric composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qianshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lifan He
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinlin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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45
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Zhu X, Zhang W, Lu G, Zhao H, Wang L. Ultrahigh Mechanical Strength and Robust Room-Temperature Self-Healing Properties of a Polyurethane-Graphene Oxide Network Resulting from Multiple Dynamic Bonds. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16724-16735. [PMID: 36215403 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the conflict between achieving high mechanical properties and room-temperature self-healing ability is extremely significant to achieving a breakthrough in the application of self-healing materials. Therefore, inspired by natural spider silk and nacre, a room-temperature self-healing supramolecular material with ultrahigh strength and toughness is developed by synergistically incorporating flexible disulfide bonds and dynamic sextuple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) into polyurethanes (PUs). Simultaneously, abundant H-bonds are introduced at the interface between graphene oxide nanosheets with dynamic multiple H-bonds and the PU matrix to afford strong interfacial interactions. The resulting urea-containing PU material with an inverse artificial nacre structure has a record mechanical strength (78.3 MPa) and toughness (505.7 MJ m-3), superior tensile properties (1273.2% elongation at break), and rapid room-temperature self-healing abilities (88.6% at 25 °C for 24 h), forming the strongest room-temperature self-healing elastomer reported to date and thus upending the previous understanding of traditional self-healing materials. In addition, this bionic PU-graphene oxide network endows the fabricated flexible intelligent robot with functional repair and shape memory capabilities, thus providing prospects for the fabrication of flexible functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujun Zhang
- T&H Chemicals Corporation LTD., Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
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46
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Zhang K, Chen S, Chen Y, Jia L, Cheng C, Dong S, Hao J. Elastomeric Liquid-Free Conductor for Iontronic Devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11994-12004. [PMID: 36137186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the potential application of gel-based ionic devices was limited by the problem of liquid leakage or evaporation. Here, we utilized amorphous, irreversible and reversible cross-linked polyTA (PTA) as a matrix and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonamide) (LiTFSI) as an electrolyte to prepare a stretchable (495%) and self-healing (94%) solvent-free elastomeric ionic conductor. The liquid-free ionic elastomer can be used as a stable strain sensor to monitor human activities sensitively under extreme temperatures. Moreover, the prepared elastic conductor (TEOA0.10-PTA@LiTFSI) was also considered an electrode to assemble with self-designed repairable dielectric organosilicon layers (RD-PDMS) to develop a sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator (SU-TENG) with outstanding performance. SU-TENG maintained good working ability under extreme conditions (-20 °C, 60 °C, and 200% strain). This work provided a low-cost and simple idea for the development of reliable iontronic equipment for human-computer interaction, motion sensing, and sustainable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yanglei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Liangying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Can Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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47
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Sun P, Mei S, Xu J, Zhang X. A Bio-Based Supramolecular Adhesive: Ultra-High Adhesion Strengths at both Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures and Excellent Multi-Reusability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203182. [PMID: 35945172 PMCID: PMC9534982 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance and reusable adhesives from renewable feedstocks is of significance to sustainable development, yet it still remains a formidable task. Herein, castor oil, melevodopa, and iron ions are used as building blocks to construct a novel bio-based supramolecular adhesive (BSA) with outstanding adhesion performances. It is prepared through partial coordination between melevodopa functionalized castor oil and Fe3+ ions. Noncovalent interactions between adherends and the catechol unit from melevodopa contribute to reinforcing adhesion, and the metal-ligand coordination between catechol and Fe3+ ions is utilized to strengthen cohesion. By combining strong adhesion and tough cohesion, the prepared BSA achieves an adhesion strength of 14.6 MPa at ambient temperature, a record-high value among reported bio-based adhesives as well as supramolecular adhesives to the best of knowledge. It also outperforms those adhesives at cryogenic temperature, realizing another record-high adhesion strength of 9.5 MPa at -196 °C. In addition, the BSA displays excellent multi-reusability with more than 87% of the original adhesion strength remaining even after reuse for ten times. It is highly anticipated that this line of research will provide a new insight into designing bio-based adhesives with outstanding adhesion performances and excellent multi-reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Shan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Jiang‐Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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48
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Chen H, Tong K. The Contributions of Supramolecular Kinetics to Dynamics of Supramolecular Polymers. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200279. [PMID: 36229412 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers exhibit well-controlled dynamics with fascinating capacity for remodeling, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Supramolecular kinetics of non-covalent bonds is a dominant control handle among the relevant factors to tailor dynamics of supramolecular polymers. This Review focuses on elucidating how supramolecular kinetics dictates the polymer dynamics in supramolecular polymer systems. The ways to tailor supramolecular kinetics are firstly examined as prerequisites for structure-activity study of supramolecular polymers. We next discuss the role of supramolecular kinetics in supramolecular polymers under different polymer architectures by the combination of both of theoretical and experimental studies. Finally, we conclude by discussing the existing challenges and opportunities in the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kun Tong
- Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Application for Aerospace Green Propellants, Beijing, 100074, P. R. China
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49
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Zeng F, Ning J, Yang Y, Tian C, Huang L, Zhao F, Liu Q, Cui M, Lv J, Jiang Y, Cai X, Kong W. A Photohealable Polyurethane with Superior Robustness and Healing Ratio. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Zeng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Ning
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
| | - Chong Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fuqi Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Meiling Cui
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiahao Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xufu Cai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weibo Kong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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50
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Lu X, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhang A. Facile Preparation of Dual Functional Wearable Devices Based on Hindered Urea Bond-Integrated Reprocessable Polyurea and AgNWs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41421-41432. [PMID: 36049051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of material science and electronic technology, wearable devices have been integrated into daily lives, no longer just a stirring idea in science fiction. In the future, robust multifunctionalized wearable devices with low cost and long-term service life are urgently required. However, preparing multifunctional wearable devices robust enough to resist harsh conditions using a commercially available raw material through a simple process still remains challenging. In this work, reprocessable polyurea (HUBTPU) with a hard segment of hindered urea bonds (HUBs) and a soft segment of polyether is synthesized via a facile one-pot method. The robust dual functional wearable devices were obtained by simply spray-coating silver nanowires (AgNWs) on HUBTPU elastomer substrates. Due to the dynamic combination and decomposition of the HUBs and hydrogen bonds at 130 °C, the robust elastomer demonstrates favorable adhesion to various substrates. Especially, the partially embedded AgNW structure is also achieved by using ethanol as a spray solvent. The adhesion of HUBTPU substrates and embedded structure leads to stronger interfacial adhesion and stability compared to non-adhesive substrates. The as-obtained HUBTPU electrodes are able to be heated to 115 °C by applying a low voltage and sensing the strain deformation caused by human movement, which means that the electrodes are endowed with both electrical heating capability and strain sensing functionality. Therefore, this strategy reveals a potential way to prepare multifunctional wearable devices using other conductive particles and adhesive functional polymer substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chendu 610065, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chendu 610065, China
| | - Jihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chendu 610065, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Synthesis of Novel Rubber and Plastic Materials, SINOPEC, Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Yanshan Branch, Beijing 102500, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chendu 610065, China
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