1
|
Shokrollahi Z, Piralaee M, Asgari A. Performance and optimization study of selected 4-terminal tandem solar cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11515. [PMID: 38769326 PMCID: PMC11106283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tandem solar cells owing to their layered structure in which each sub-cell utilizes a certain part of the solar spectrum with reduced thermal losses, are promising applicants to promote the power conversion efficiency beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. This study delves into the performance and optimization of 4-terminal organic/silicon tandem solar cells through numerical simulations using SCAPS-1D software. The tandem architecture combining organic, perovskite, and silicon materials, shows potential in enhancing light absorption across the solar spectrum with complementary absorption spectra. Through innovative material exploration, optimization techniques are explored to advance the performance boundaries of organic/silicon tandem solar cells. The study employs the Beer-Lambert law to assess the impact of varied physical parameters on tandem solar cell efficiency, aiming to propose optimal configurations. Results indicate a maximum efficiency of 25.86% with P3HT:PC70BM organic active layer (150 nm thickness) and 36.8% with Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6 active layer (400 nm thickness) in the studied 4-terminal tandem structures. These findings offer valuable insights into the complex physics of these tandem solar cells, for developing high-performance and commercially practical photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Piralaee
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Photonic Devices Research Group, Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Asghar Asgari
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Photonic Devices Research Group, Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui M, Rong Q, Wang R, Ye D, Li N, Nian L. Zirconium Oxide Doped Organosilica Nanodots as Light- and Charge-Management Cathode Interlayer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311339. [PMID: 38529739 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In this work, it is reported that zirconium oxide (ZrO2) doped organosilica nanodots (OSiNDs: ZrO2) with light- and charge-management properties serve as efficient cathode interlayers for high-efficiency inverted organic solar cells (i-OSCs). ZrO2 doping effectively improves the light harvesting of the active layer, the physical contact between the active layer, as well as the electron collection property by habiting charge recombination loss. Consequently, all devices utilizing the OSiNDs: ZrO2 cathode interlayer exhibit enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). Specifically, i-OSCs based on PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP-eC9 achieve remarkable PCEs of 17.16% and 18.43%, respectively. Furthermore, the PCE of device based on PM6:Y6 maintains over 97.2% of its original value following AM 1.5G illumination (including UV light) at 100 mW cm-2 for 600 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qikun Rong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Dechao Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Nian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du B, Ma M, Zhang P, Wu S, Bin H, Li Y. High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Fabricated via Halogen-Free Preparation Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2564-2572. [PMID: 38165814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule organic photovoltaic materials attract more attention attributing to their precisely defined structure, ease of synthesis, and reduced batch-to-batch variations. The majority of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) have traditionally relied on halogenated solvents for dissolving photovoltaic materials as well as used for the additives or solvent vapor annealing. However, these halogen-based processes pose risks to the environment and human health, potentially impeding future commercial production. Herein, we conducted an investigation into the impact of various nonhalogen solvents on the performance of the devices. By selecting the high boiling point solvent toluene, we achieved a desirable phase separation and stable morphology characterized by fibrous crystals within the blend film. Consequently, the power conversion efficiencies of 14.4 and 11.7% were obtained from H31:Y6-based small-area (0.04 cm2) and large-area (1 cm2) devices with steady performance, respectively. This study successfully demonstrated the fabrication of ASM-OSCs without employing halogenated solvent processes, thus offering promising prospects for the commercial production of ASM-OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Du
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shangrong Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Bin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge J, Xie L, Peng R, Ge Z. Organic Photovoltaics Utilizing Small-Molecule Donors and Y-Series Nonfullerene Acceptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206566. [PMID: 36482012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (Y-NFA) has prompted the rapid progress of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) from around 12% to 17%. The excellent PCE improvement benefits from not only the outstanding properties of Y-series acceptors but also the successful development of small-molecule donors. The short-circuit current density, fill factor, and nonradiative recombination are all optimized to the unprecedented values, providing a scenery that is obviously different from the ITIC-series based ASM-OSCs. In this review, OSCs utilizing small-molecule donors and Y-NFA are summarized and classified in order to provide an up-to-date development overview and give an insight on structure-property correlation. Then, the characteristics of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) formation of ASM-OSCs are discussed and compared with that of polymer-based OSCs. Finally, the challenges and outlook on designing ground-breaking small-molecule donor and forming an ideal BHJ morphology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stummo A, Montecchi M, Parenti F, Vanossi D, Fontanesi C, Capelli R, Pasquali L. Growth Dynamics of Ultrathin Films of Benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene Derivatives on Au(111): A Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5602-5609. [PMID: 37027516 PMCID: PMC10116645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin films of a stereoisomeric mixture of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene derivatives were grown by thermal evaporation in vacuum on Au(111), and they were studied in situ by photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray photons from a non-monochromatic Mg Kα conventional X-ray source and UV photons from a He I discharge lamp equipped with a linear polarizer were used. He I photoemission results were compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculations: density of states (DOS) and 3D molecular orbital density distribution. Au 4f, C 1s, O 1s, and S 2p core-level components suggest a surface rearrangement as a function of film nominal thickness, with the variation of the molecular orientation, from flat-laying at the initial deposition to tilted toward the surface normal at coverages exceeding 2 nm. Eventually, the DFT results were exploited in assigning of the valence band experimental structures. Moreover, polarization-dependent photoemission confirmed the tilted arrangement of the molecules, starting at 2 nm. A variation of the work function of 1.4 eV with respect to the clean substrate was measured, together with a valence band offset of 1.3 eV between the organic layer and gold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Stummo
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Montecchi
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Parenti
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Capelli
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14, Km. 163.5 in
AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14, Km. 163.5 in
AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang T, Chen ZH, Qiao JW, Qin W, Liu JQ, Wang XZ, Pu YJ, Yin H, Hao XT. Correlating Charge Transfer Dynamics with Interfacial Trap States in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12109-12118. [PMID: 36813758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer between the donor and acceptor determines the photogenerated carrier density in organic solar cells. However, a fundamental understanding regarding the charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces with high-density traps has not been fully addressed. Herein, a general correlation between trap densities and charge transfer dynamics is established by adopting a series of high-efficiency organic photovoltaic blends. It is found that the electron transfer rates are reduced with increased trap densities, while the hole transfer rates are independent of trap states. The local charges captured by traps can induce potential barrier formation around recombination centers, leading to the suppression of electron transfer. For the hole transfer process, the thermal energy provides a sufficient driving force, which ensures an efficient transfer rate. As a result, a 17.18% efficiency is obtained for PM6:BTP-eC9-based devices with the lowest interfacial trap densities. This work highlights the importance of interfacial traps in charge transfer processes and proposes an underlying insight into the charge transfer mechanism at nonideal interfaces in organic heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Zhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen J, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Research Progress of Organic Small-Molecule Semiconductors with High Electron Mobilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210772. [PMID: 36519670 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics has made great progress in the past decades, which is inseparable from the innovative development of organic electronic devices and the diversity of organic semiconductor materials. It is worth mentioning that both of these great advances are inextricably linked to the development of organic high-performance semiconductor materials, especially the representative n-type organic small-molecule semiconductor materials with high electron mobilities. The n-type organic small molecules have the advantages of simple synthesis process, strong intermolecular stacking, tunable molecular structure, and easy to functionalize structures. Furthermore, the n-type semiconductor is a remarkable and important component for constructing complementary logic circuits and p-n heterojunction structures. Therefore, n-type organic semiconductors play an extremely important role in the field of organic electronic materials and are the basis for the industrialization of organic electronic functional devices. This review focuses on the modification strategies of organic small molecules with high electron mobility at molecular level, and discusses in detail the applications of n-type small-molecule semiconductor materials with high mobility in organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting transistors, organic photodetectors, and gas sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Achieving improved stability and minimal non-radiative recombination loss for over 18% binary organic photovoltaics via versatile interfacial regulation strategy. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
9
|
Wagalgave SM, Al Kobaisi M, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Donor-acceptor-donor π-conjugated material derived from merocyanine-diketopyrrolopyrrole: design, synthesis and photovoltaic applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Bin H, Datta K, Wang J, van der Pol TPA, Li J, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Finetuning Hole-Extracting Monolayers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16497-16504. [PMID: 35352932 PMCID: PMC9011343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interface layers used for electron transport (ETL) and hole transport (HTL) often significantly enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Surprisingly, interface engineering for hole extraction has received little attention thus far. By finetuning the chemical structure of carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers with phosphonic acid anchoring groups, varying the length of the alkane linker (2PACz, 3PACz, and 4PACz), these HTLs were found to perform favorably in OSCs. Compared to archetypal PEDOT:PSS, the PACz monolayers exhibit higher optical transmittance and lower resistance and deliver a higher short-circuit current density and fill factor. Power conversion efficiencies of 17.4% have been obtained with PM6:BTP-eC9 as the active layer, which was distinctively higher than the 16.2% obtained with PEDOT:PSS. Of the three PACz derivatives, the new 3PACz consistently outperforms the other two monolayer HTLs in OSCs with different state-of-the-art nonfullerene acceptors. Considering its facile synthesis, convenient processing, and improved performance, we consider that 3PACz is a promising interface layer for widespread use in OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Bin
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Kunal Datta
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Junke Wang
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Tom P. A. van der Pol
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven 5612 AJ, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Fukuda K, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Sun L, Xiong S, Yokota T, Someya T. Solution-Processed Electron-Transport Layer-free Organic Photovoltaics with Liquid Metal Cathodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14165-14173. [PMID: 35298152 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, lightweight, and large-area solar cells provide new power supply opportunities in the renewable energy field and facilitate the supply of power to internet-of-things devices and wearable devices. The choice of printing process technologies is a key parameter for such flexible power sources because of their energy-saving process technology and high throughput rate. In addition to selecting the appropriate printing method for the active and charge transport layers, the development of printed electrodes is critical. Numerous printable materials have been developed to replace conventional evaporated top electrodes. However, achieving fully solution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with power conversion efficiency (PCE) comparable to OPVs with vacuum-deposited transparent and top electrodes is challenging. This is because of the difficulty of forming a uniform interface between the top solution-processed electrode and the active layers while preventing deterioration. In this study, an electron transport layer-free, eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) top-cathode strategy was developed and a record PCE of 12.7% in fully solution-processed, flexible OPVs was achieved. Direct coating of EGaIn on the active layer, in a nitrogen atmosphere, is conducive for energy band matching and obtaining physically perfect interfaces without any penetrations or voids. An average PCE of 14.1% and enhanced operating stability, comparable to conventional OPVs, were achieved with indium tin oxide transparent electrodes by eliminating the electron-transport layer. The fully solution-processed flexible OPVs fabricated with the embedded silver nanowire strategy in ultrathin transparent polyimide, achieved an average PCE of 12.7%, representing a promising technique to meet green and high-throughput energy demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wang
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Lulu Sun
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sixing Xiong
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong S, Yin Z, Zhang X, He X, Zhang W, Yang S, Song W. A novel naphthalene diimide-based conjugated polymer as an electron transport material for non-fullerene organic solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The only aliphatic amino side chains at the N-position of naphthalene diimide endow novel electron transport materials with good film-forming and interface modification properties, which improves the device efficiency and stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhipeng Yin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang He
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yin Z, Mei S, Gu P, Wang HQ, Song W. Efficient organic solar cells with superior stability based on PM6:BTP-eC9 blend and AZO/Al cathode. iScience 2021; 24:103027. [PMID: 34522867 PMCID: PMC8426262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although efficiency over 18% has been achieved, the real application of organic solar cells is still impeded by inferior stability because of degradation and limited studies. Here we report efficient normal structure organic solar cells delivering promising stability under different conditions, based on PM6:BTP-eC9 blend and AZO/Al cathode. The impact of cathode on device stability is systematically studied by screening the leading electron transporting layers i.e., AZO, PFN-Br, PDINN, and metal electrodes (Al and Ag). Strong correlation between cathode and stability is demonstrated. The optimal AZO/Al-cathode device delivers the best efficiency of 15.76%, with shelf-stability of T83 > 1,200 h, thermal stability of T60 > 300 h, and MPP operational stability of T87 > 500 h. As far as we know, this is the best stability achieved for PM6:Y6/derivative cells in literature so far, based on well-studied simple cathode system and without any tailoring/dopant for the active blend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Sikai Mei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Pengcheng Gu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Hai-Qiao Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma S, Feng H, Liu X, Hu Z, Yang X, Liang Y, Zhang J, Huang F, Cao Y. Dodecacyclic-Fused Electron Acceptors with Multiple Electron-Deficient Units for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3544-3552. [PMID: 33847443 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fused aromatic cores in non-fullerene electron acceptors (NFEAs) play a significant role in determining their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. In this work, a dodecacyclic-fused core with three electron-deficient units is synthesized through a double intramolecular Cadogan reduction cyclization. Terminal groups with different halogen substitution (F or Cl) are grafted onto the dodecacyclic-fused core to afford MS-4F and MS-4Cl, both of which showed strong and broad absorption, narrow bandgaps around 1.40 eV, and variable molecular packing model in pristine and blend films. Photovoltaic performance of solar cells containing MS-4F and MS-4Cl as NFEAs were investigated with resultant power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.75 % and 11.79 %, respectively. The mechanism study indicates that both of PBDB-T : MS-4F- and PBDB-T : MS-4Cl-based devices displayed high hole and electron mobility values, efficient charge transfer, and low charge recombination etc. These results indicate that designing multiple-fused aromatic cores with multiple electron-deficient units is a promising strategy to obtain high-performance NFEAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hexiang Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiye Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuanying Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su W, Wang Y, Yin Z, Fan Q, Guo X, Yu L, Li Y, Hou L, Zhang M, Peng Q, Li Y, Wang E. 13.4 % Efficiency from All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on a Crystalline Donor with Chlorine and Trialkylsilyl Substitutions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3535-3543. [PMID: 34057293 PMCID: PMC8518815 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
How to simultaneously achieve both high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and high short-circuit current density (Jsc ) is a big challenge for realising high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (all-SM OSCs). Herein, a novel small molecule (SM)-donor, namely FYSM-SiCl, with trialkylsilyl and chlorine substitutions was designed and synthesized. Compared to the original SM-donor FYSM-H, FYSM-Si with trialkylsilyl substitution showed a decreased crystallinity and lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, while FYSM-SiCl had an improved crystallinity, more ordered packing arrangement, significantly lower HOMO level, and predominant "face-on" orientation. Matched with a SM-acceptor Y6, the FYSM-SiCl-based all-SM OSCs exhibited both high Voc of 0.85 V and high Jsc of 23.7 mA cm-2 , which is rare for all-SM OSCs and could be attributed to the low HOMO level of FYSM-SiCl donor and the delicate balance between high crystallinity and suitable blend morphology. As a result, FYSM-SiCl achieved a high PCE of 13.4 % in all-SM OSCs, which was much higher than those of the FYSM-H- (10.9 %) and FYSM-Si-based devices (12.2 %). This work demonstrated a promising method for the design of efficient SM-donors by a side-chain engineering strategy via the introduction of trialkylsilyl and chlorine substitutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Su
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy MaterialsSiyuan Laboratory, Department of PhysicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg412 96Sweden
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qunping Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg412 96Sweden
| | - Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054P. R. China
| | - Lintao Hou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy MaterialsSiyuan Laboratory, Department of PhysicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGöteborg412 96Sweden
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun H, Liu B, Ma Y, Lee JW, Yang J, Wang J, Li Y, Li B, Feng K, Shi Y, Zhang B, Han D, Meng H, Niu L, Kim BJ, Zheng Q, Guo X. Regioregular Narrow-Bandgap n-Type Polymers with High Electron Mobility Enabling Highly Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102635. [PMID: 34338383 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-bandgap n-type polymers with high electron mobility are urgently demanded for the development of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Here, two regioregular narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors, L15 and MBTI, with two electron-deficient segments are synthesized by copolymerizing two dibrominated fused-ring electron acceptors (FREA) with distannylated aromatic imide, respectively. Taking full advantage of the FREA and the imide, both polymer acceptors show narrow bandgap and high electron mobility. Benefiting from the more extended absorption, better backbone ordering, and higher electron mobility than those of its regiorandom analog, the L15-based all-PSC yields a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2% when blended with the polymer donor PM6. More importantly, MBTI incorporating a benzothiophene-core FREA segment shows relatively higher frontier molecular orbital levels than L15, forming a cascade-like energy level alignment with L15 and PM6. Based on this, ternary all-PSCs are designed where MBTI is introduced as a guest into the PM6:L15 host system. Thanks to further optimal blend morphology and more balanced charge transport, the PCE is improved up to 16.2%, which is among the highest values for all-PSCs. The results demonstrate that combining an FREA and an aromatic imide to construct regioregular narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors provides an effective approach to fabricate highly efficient all-PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Sun
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bangbang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|