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Cheng T, Liu ZT, Qu J, Meng CF, He LJ, Li L, Yang XL, Cao YJ, Han K, Zhang YZ, Lai WY. High-Performance Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Conductive Hydrogels for Stretchable Elastic All-Hydrogel Supercapacitors and Flexible Self-Powered Integrated Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403358. [PMID: 38973351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Conductive polymer hydrogels exhibit unique electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties, making them highly competitive electrode materials for stretchable high-capacity energy storage devices for cutting-edge wearable electronics. However, it remains extremely challenging to simultaneously achieve large mechanical stretchability, high electrical conductivity, and excellent electrochemical properties in conductive polymer hydrogels because introducing soft insulating networks for improving stretchability inevitably deteriorates the connectivity of rigid conductive domain and decreases the conductivity and electrochemical activity. This work proposes a distinct confinement self-assembly and multiple crosslinking strategy to develop a new type of organic-inorganic hybrid conductive hydrogels with biphase interpenetrating cross-linked networks. The hydrogels simultaneously exhibit high conductivity (2000 S m-1), large stretchability (200%), and high electrochemical activity, outperforming existing conductive hydrogels. The inherent mechanisms for the unparalleled comprehensive performances are thoroughly investigated. Elastic all-hydrogel supercapacitors are prepared based on the hydrogels, showing high specific capacitance (212.5 mF cm-2), excellent energy density (18.89 µWh cm-2), and large deformability. Moreover, flexible self-powered luminescent integrated systems are constructed based on the supercapacitors, which can spontaneously shine anytime and anywhere without extra power. This work provides new insights and feasible avenues for developing high-performance stretchable electrode materials and energy storage devices for wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao-Fu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ling-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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2
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Ma Z, Jiang R, Jing J, Kang S, Ma L, Zhang K, Li J, Zhang Y, Qin J, Yun S, Zhang G. Lightweight Dual-Functional Segregated Nanocomposite Foams for Integrated Infrared Stealth and Absorption-Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:223. [PMID: 38884833 PMCID: PMC11183016 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight infrared stealth and absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are highly desirable in areas of aerospace, weapons, military and wearable electronics. Herein, lightweight and high-efficiency dual-functional segregated nanocomposite foams with microcellular structures are developed for integrated infrared stealth and absorption-dominant EMI shielding via the efficient and scalable supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) foaming combined with hydrogen bonding assembly and compression molding strategy. The obtained lightweight segregated nanocomposite foams exhibit superior infrared stealth performances benefitting from the synergistic effect of highly effective thermal insulation and low infrared emissivity, and outstanding absorption-dominant EMI shielding performances attributed to the synchronous construction of microcellular structures and segregated structures. Particularly, the segregated nanocomposite foams present a large radiation temperature reduction of 70.2 °C at the object temperature of 100 °C, and a significantly improved EM wave absorptivity/reflectivity (A/R) ratio of 2.15 at an ultralow Ti3C2Tx content of 1.7 vol%. Moreover, the segregated nanocomposite foams exhibit outstanding working reliability and stability upon dynamic compression cycles. The results demonstrate that the lightweight and high-efficiency dual-functional segregated nanocomposite foams have excellent potentials for infrared stealth and absorption-dominant EMI shielding applications in aerospace, weapons, military and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruochu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Jing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlei Kang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Kefan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhuan Yun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing, 401135, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Isari AA, Ghaffarkhah A, Hashemi SA, Wuttke S, Arjmand M. Structural Design for EMI Shielding: From Underlying Mechanisms to Common Pitfalls. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310683. [PMID: 38467559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Modern human civilization deeply relies on the rapid advancement of cutting-edge electronic systems that have revolutionized communication, education, aviation, and entertainment. However, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by digital systems poses a significant threat to the society, potentially leading to a future crisis. While numerous efforts are made to develop nanotechnological shielding systems to mitigate the detrimental effects of EMI, there is limited focus on creating absorption-dominant shielding solutions. Achieving absorption-dominant EMI shields requires careful structural design engineering, starting from the smallest components and considering the most effective electromagnetic wave attenuating factors. This review offers a comprehensive overview of shielding structures, emphasizing the critical elements of absorption-dominant shielding design, shielding mechanisms, limitations of both traditional and nanotechnological EMI shields, and common misconceptions about the foundational principles of EMI shielding science. This systematic review serves as a scientific guide for designing shielding structures that prioritize absorption, highlighting an often-overlooked aspect of shielding science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Isari
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor UPV/EHU Science Park Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Chen B, Shen K, Li Y, Huang B, Su H, Xu J, Yang S, Zhou Q, Lan L, Peng J, Cao Y. Artificial Multi-Stimulus-Responsive E-Skin Based on an Ionic Film with a Counter-Ion Exchange Reagent. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310847. [PMID: 38385814 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Sensing pressure and temperature are two important functions of human skin that integrate different types of tactile receptors. In this paper, a deformable artificial flexible multi-stimulus-responsive sensor is demonstrated that can distinguish mechanical pressure from temperature by measuring the impedance and the electrical phase at the same frequency without signal interference. The electrical phase, which is used for measuring the temperature, is totally independent of the pressure by controlling the surface micro-shapes and the ion content of the ionic film. By doping the counter-ion exchange reagent into the ionic liquid before pouring, the upper temperature measuring limit increases from 35 to 50 °C, which is higher than the human body temperature and the ambient temperature on Earth. The sensor shows high sensitivity to pressure (up to 0.495 kPa-1 ) and a wide temperature sensing range (-10 to 50 °C). A multimodal ion-electronic skin (IEM -skin) with an 8 × 8 multi-stimulus-responsive sensor array is fabricated and can successfully sense the distribution of temperature and pressure at the same time. Finally, the sensors are used for monitoring the touching motions of a robot-arm finger controlled by a remote interactive glove and successfully detect the touching states and the temperature changes of different objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kangxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Huiming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jintao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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6
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Wang YQ, Cao M, Liu BW, Zeng FR, Fu Q, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Controllable proton-reservoir ordered gel towards reversible switching and reliable electromagnetic interference shielding. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:978-987. [PMID: 38112580 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01795h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Smart and dynamic electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials possess a remarkable capacity to modify their EMI shielding abilities, rendering them invaluable in various civil and military applications. However, the present response mechanism of switch-type EMI shielding materials is slightly restricted, as it primarily depends on continuous pressure induction, thereby resulting in concerns regarding their durability and reliability. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate a novel method for achieving solvent-responsive, reversible switching, and robust EMI shielding capabilities using a controlled proton-reservoir ordered gel. The gel contains polyaniline (PANI) and sodium alginate (SA). Initially, SA acts as a proton reservoir for PANI in an aqueous system, enhancing the doping level of PANI and improving its electrical conductivity. Additionally, PANI and SA chains respond to diverse polar solvents, such as water, acetonitrile, ethanol, n-hexane, and air, inducing distinct conformations that affect the degree of PANI conjugation and electron migration along the chains. This process is reversible and non-destructive to the polymer chain, ensuring the effective and uncompromised performance of the EMI shielding switch. We can achieve precise and reversible tuning (on/off) of EMI shielding with different effectiveness levels by manipulating the solvents within the framework. This work opens a new solvent-stimuli avenue for the development of EMI shielding materials with reliable and intelligent on/off switching capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Min Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Eco-Friendly Polymer Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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7
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Sakorikar T, Mihaliak N, Krisnadi F, Ma J, Kim TI, Kong M, Awartani O, Dickey MD. A Guide to Printed Stretchable Conductors. Chem Rev 2024; 124:860-888. [PMID: 38291556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Printing of stretchable conductors enables the fabrication and rapid prototyping of stretchable electronic devices. For such applications, there are often specific process and material requirements such as print resolution, maximum strain, and electrical/ionic conductivity. This review highlights common printing methods and compatible inks that produce stretchable conductors. The review compares the capabilities, benefits, and limitations of each approach to help guide the selection of a suitable process and ink for an intended application. We also discuss methods to design and fabricate ink composites with the desired material properties (e.g., electrical conductance, viscosity, printability). This guide should help inform ongoing and future efforts to create soft, stretchable electronic devices for wearables, soft robots, e-skins, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Sakorikar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nikolas Mihaliak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Febby Krisnadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, South Korea
| | - Minsik Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Awartani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Li T, Qi H, Zhao Y, Kumar P, Zhao C, Li Z, Dong X, Guo X, Zhao M, Li X, Wang X, Ritchie RO, Zhai W. Robust and sensitive conductive nanocomposite hydrogel with bridge cross-linking-dominated hierarchical structural design. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6643. [PMID: 38306426 PMCID: PMC10836727 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have a remarkable potential for applications in soft electronics and robotics, owing to their noteworthy attributes, including electrical conductivity, stretchability, biocompatibility, etc. However, the limited strength and toughness of these hydrogels have traditionally impeded their practical implementation. Inspired by the hierarchical architecture of high-performance biological composites found in nature, we successfully fabricate a robust and sensitive conductive nanocomposite hydrogel through self-assembly-induced bridge cross-linking of MgB2 nanosheets and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. By combining the hierarchical lamellar microstructure with robust molecular B─O─C covalent bonds, the resulting conductive hydrogel exhibits an exceptional strength and toughness. Moreover, the hydrogel demonstrates exceptional sensitivity (response/relaxation time, 20 milliseconds; detection lower limit, ~1 Pascal) under external deformation. Such characteristics enable the conductive hydrogel to exhibit superior performance in soft sensing applications. This study introduces a high-performance conductive hydrogel and opens up exciting possibilities for the development of soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Haobo Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Punit Kumar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cancan Zhao
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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9
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Li P, Wang H, Ju Z, Jin Z, Ma J, Yang L, Zhao X, Xu H, Liu Y. Ti 3C 2T x MXene- and Sulfuric Acid-Treated Double-Network Hydrogel with Ultralow Conductive Filler Content for Stretchable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2906-2916. [PMID: 38252027 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are emerging as stretchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials because of their tissue-like mechanical properties and water-rich porous cellular structures. However, achieving high-performance hydrogel shields remains a challenge because enhancing conductivity often results in a compromise in deformation adoptability. This work proposes a treatment strategy involving sulfuric acid/titanium carbide MXene, which can simultaneously enhance the conductivity and stretchability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) double-network hydrogels. Multiple spectroscopic characterizations reveal that sulfuric acid promotes the linear conformation transition of the PEDOT molecular chain, while MXene increases charge delocalization and hydrogen bond cross-linking sites. The hydrogels, synthesized with a combined content of 0.6 wt % of MXene and PEDOT:PSS, exhibit an average X-band EMI SE of 41 dB. This performance is sustained at 94.5%, even following stretching and release at a strain of 200%. Interestingly, the EMI SE is found to linearly increase, reaching a value of 99 dB as the frequency is increased to 26.5 GHz. This increase is attributed to the enhanced water molecular polarization process, as supported by theoretical calculations of the impedance and attenuation constant. This work introduces a post-treatment technique that optimizes double-network hydrogels, providing deep insights into their EMI shielding mechanism and enabling high-performance EMI shielding with an ultralow conductive filler content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Henan Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongshi Ju
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongzheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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10
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wei Q, Li M, Chen X. 3D printable, stretchable, anti-freezing and rapid self-healing organogel-based sensors for human motion detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1514-1525. [PMID: 37804619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing hydrogels have promising applications in sensors and wearable devices. However, self-healing hydrogels prepared with water as the dispersion medium inevitably freeze at sub-zero temperature, resulting in a loss of the self-healing and sensing ability. The black phosphorene / ethylene glycol / polyvinyl alcohol / sodium tetraborate / sodium alginate (BP/EG-SPB) organogels were prepared by 3D printing technology and solvent displacement method. The organogel exhibits high stretchability (1900 % strain), excellent self-healing property (25 s) and outstanding anti-freezing property (lower than -120 °C freezing point). Furthermore, the organogel can rapidly self-healed (150 s) at a low temperature (-80 °C) without any external stimulation. Additionally, this organogel-based flexible sensor possesses excellent sensitivity (gauge factor: 28.66 at 1900 % strain) and fast response capability, allowing for effective detection of human motion. This work provides a novel method for preparing multifunctional organogel-based sensors for use in harsh climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Industry Engineering Department, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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11
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Chen Y, Wang R, Zhou L, Dong R, Kou J, Lu C. Infrared light induced sustainable enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency by thermoelectric effect. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:963-970. [PMID: 37634369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Hindering the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs is of significance for enhancing photocatalytic performance. Applying a voltage to separate carriers offers an option to realize it. Thermoelectric materials own the ability to continuously sustain a voltage when a temperature difference exists between its two sides. However, maintaining the thermoelectric effect without wasting additional energy remains a challenge. Herein, a C3N4/Polyaniline/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) cilia array was fabricated to reach efficient photocatalysis through thermoelectric effect and photothermal effect. The cilia array structure offers more than 40% of light absorbance compared to the film. Hence, the infrared light in sunlight, which was usually omitted in photocatalysis, was transformed into heat. Through the unique design which draws upon the huge difference in thermal conductivity of air and water, a temperature gap was formed between the top and bottom sides of the cilia array by half-submerging it in water. Therefore, the photocatalytic efficiency was improved by 84.4%. This work achieves an energy-saving method to enhance photocatalytic performance by activating thermoelectric effect through infrared light, shedding light on the application of multi-modes enhanced photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Rulin Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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12
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Goestenkors AP, Liu T, Okafor SS, Semar BA, Alvarez RM, Montgomery SK, Friedman L, Rutz AL. Manipulation of cross-linking in PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for biointerfacing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11357-11371. [PMID: 37997395 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Conducting hydrogels can be used to fabricate bioelectronic devices that are soft for improved cell- and tissue-interfacing. Those based on conjugated polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), can be made simply with solution-based processing techniques, yet the influence of fabrication variables on final gel properties is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated if PEDOT:PSS cross-linking could be manipulated by changing the concentration of a gelling agent, ionic liquid, in the hydrogel precursor mixture. Rheology and gelation kinetics of precursor mixtures were investigated, and aqueous stability, swelling, conductivity, stiffness, and cytocompatibility of formed hydrogels were characterized. Increasing ionic liquid concentration was found to increase cross-linking as measured by decreased swelling, decreased non-network fraction, increased stiffness, and increased conductivity. Such manipulation of IL concentration thus afforded control of final gel properties and was utilized in further investigations of biointerfacing. When cross-linked sufficiently, PEDOT:PSS hydrogels were stable in sterile cell culture conditions for at least 28 days. Additionally, hydrogels supported a viable and proliferating population of human dermal fibroblasts for at least two weeks. Collectively, these characterizations of stability and cytocompatibility illustrate that these PEDOT:PSS hydrogels have significant promise for biointerfacing applications that require soft materials for direct interaction with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Goestenkors
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Tianran Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Somtochukwu S Okafor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Barbara A Semar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Riley M Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sandra K Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Lianna Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Zhou T, Gui C, Sun L, Hu Y, Lyu H, Wang Z, Song Z, Yu G. Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12170-12253. [PMID: 37879045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting entirely of ions exhibit many fascinating and tunable properties, making them promising functional materials for a large number of energy-related applications. For example, ILs have been employed as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as heat transfer fluids and phase-change materials for thermal energy transfer and storage, as solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, biomass treatment and biofuel extraction, and as high-energy propellants for aerospace applications. This paper provides an extensive overview on the various energy applications of ILs and offers some thinking and viewpoints on the current challenges and emerging opportunities in each area. The basic fundamentals (structures and properties) of ILs are first introduced. Then, motivations and successful applications of ILs in the energy field are concisely outlined. Later, a detailed review of recent representative works in each area is provided. For each application, the role of ILs and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the selection of ILs to achieve improved performance are analyzed as well. Challenges and future opportunities are pointed out before the paper is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chengmin Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longgang Sun
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department for Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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14
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Liu Z, Tian B, Li Y, Guo Z, Zhang Z, Luo Z, Zhao L, Lin Q, Lee C, Jiang Z. Evolution of Thermoelectric Generators: From Application to Hybridization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304599. [PMID: 37544920 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Considerable thermal energy is emitted into the environment from human activities and equipment operation in the course of daily production. Accordingly, the use of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can attract wide interest, and it shows high potential in reducing energy waste and increasing energy recovery rates. Notably, TEGs have aroused rising attention and been significantly boosted over the past few years, as the energy crisis has worsened. The reason for their progress is that thermoelectric generators can be easily attached to the surface of a heat source, converting heat energy directly into electricity in a stable and continuous manner. In this review, applications in wearable devices, and everyday life are reviewed according to the type of structure of TEGs. Meanwhile, the latest progress of TEGs' hybridization with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG), and photovoltaic effect is introduced. Moreover, prospects and suggestions for subsequent research work are proposed. This review suggests that hybridization of energy harvesting, and flexible high-temperature thermoelectric generators are the future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Bian Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Shandong Province, Yantai City, Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhifang Luo
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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15
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li Y, Cui J, Wang Y, Liu J, Wu Y. Rapid Fabrication of Flexible Cu@Ag Flake/SAE Composites with Exceptional EMIS and Joule Heating Performance. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37032-37042. [PMID: 37841125 PMCID: PMC10568693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
High electromagnetic interference shielding (EMIS) effectiveness and good thermal management properties are both required to meet the rapid development of integrated electronic components. However, it remains challenging to obtain environmentally friendly and flexible films with high EMIS and thermal management performance in an efficient and scalable way. In this paper, an environmentally friendly strategy is proposed to synthesize multifunctional waterborne Cu@Ag flake conductive films using water as the solvent and silicone-acrylic emulsion (SAE) as a matrix. The obtained films show high electrical conductivity and exceptional EMI SE and electrothermal conversion properties. The EMI SE in the X-band is higher than 76.31 dB at a thickness of 60 μm owing to the ultrahigh electrical conductivity of 1073.61 S cm-1. The film warms up quickly to 102.1 °C within 10 s under a low voltage of 2.0 V. In addition, the shielding coating is sufficiently flexible to retain a conductivity of 93.4% after 2000 bending-release cycles with a bending radius of 3 mm. This work presents an alternative strategy to produce high EMIS effectiveness and Joule heating films for highly integrated and flexible electronic components in a green, scalable, and highly efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Huang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
- China
International S&T Cooperation Base for Advanced Energy and Environmental
Materials, Hefei 230009, Anhui,China
| | - Huipeng Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jiewu Cui
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
- China
International S&T Cooperation Base for Advanced Energy and Environmental
Materials, Hefei 230009, Anhui,China
| | - Yan Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
- China
International S&T Cooperation Base for Advanced Energy and Environmental
Materials, Hefei 230009, Anhui,China
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
- Institute
of Industry & Equipment Technology, Engineering Research Center
of Advanced Composite Materials Design & Application of Anhui
Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- China
International S&T Cooperation Base for Advanced Energy and Environmental
Materials, Hefei 230009, Anhui,China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, Hefei 230009, China
- China
International S&T Cooperation Base for Advanced Energy and Environmental
Materials, Hefei 230009, Anhui,China
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16
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Wang H, Zhuang T, Wang J, Sun X, Wang Y, Li K, Dai X, Guo Q, Li X, Chong D, Chen B, Yan J. Multifunctional Filler-Free PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity Induced by Lewis-Acid-Promoted Ion Exchange. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302919. [PMID: 37352335 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive hydrogels with biotissue-like mechanical properties are of great interest in the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics due to their good biocompatibility, deformability, and stability. Fully polymeric hydrogels may exhibit comparable Young's modulus to biotissues. However, most of these filler-free hydrogels have a low electrical conductivity of <10 S cm-1 , which limits their wide applications of them in digital circuits or bioelectronic devices. In this work, a series of metal-halides-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels with an ultrahigh electrical conductivity up to 547 S cm-1 is reported, which is 1.5 times to 104 times higher than previously reported filler-free polymeric hydrogels. Theoretical calculation demonstrated that the ion exchange between PEDOT:PSS and the metal halides played an important role to promote phase separation in the hydrogels, which thus leads to ultrahigh electrical conductivity. The high electrical conductivity resulted in multifunctional hydrogels with high performance in thermoelectrics, electromagnetic shielding, Joule heating, and sensing. Such flexible and stretchable hydrogels with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and stability upon various deformations are promising for soft bioelectronics devices and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shaanxi Jianeng Flexible Thermoelectric Technology, Inc.|Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, Fengxi New City, Xixian New District, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Tiantian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kuncai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qinyue Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Daotong Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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17
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Nan Z, Wei W, Lin Z, Chang J, Hao Y. Flexible Nanocomposite Conductors for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:172. [PMID: 37420119 PMCID: PMC10328908 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Convincing candidates of flexible (stretchable/compressible) electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposites are discussed in detail from the views of fabrication, mechanical elasticity and shielding performance. Detailed summary of the relationship between deformation of materials and electromagnetic shielding performance. The future directions and challenges in developing flexible (particularly elastic) shielding nanocomposites are highlighted. With the extensive use of electronic communication technology in integrated circuit systems and wearable devices, electromagnetic interference (EMI) has increased dramatically. The shortcomings of conventional rigid EMI shielding materials include high brittleness, poor comfort, and unsuitability for conforming and deformable applications. Hitherto, flexible (particularly elastic) nanocomposites have attracted enormous interest due to their excellent deformability. However, the current flexible shielding nanocomposites present low mechanical stability and resilience, relatively poor EMI shielding performance, and limited multifunctionality. Herein, the advances in low-dimensional EMI shielding nanomaterials-based elastomers are outlined and a selection of the most remarkable examples is discussed. And the corresponding modification strategies and deformability performance are summarized. Finally, expectations for this quickly increasing sector are discussed, as well as future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Nan
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
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18
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Balakrishnan G, Song J, Khair AS, Bettinger CJ. Poisson-Nernst-Planck framework for modelling ionic strain and temperature sensors. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:5544-5551. [PMID: 36810661 PMCID: PMC10293092 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionically conductive hydrogels are gaining traction as sensing and structural materials for use bioelectronic devices. Hydrogels that feature large mechanical compliances and tractable ionic conductivities are compelling materials that can sense physiological states and potentially modulate the stimulation of excitable tissue because of the congruence in electro-mechanical properties across the tissue-material interface. However, interfacing ionic hydrogels with conventional DC voltage-based circuits poses several technical challenges including electrode delamination, electrochemical reaction, and drifting contact impedance. Utilizing alternating voltages to probe ion-relaxation dynamics has been shown to be a viable alternative for strain and temperature sensing. In this work, we present a Poisson-Nernst-Planck theoretical framework to model ion transport under alternating fields within conductors subject to varying strains and temperatures. Using simulated impedance spectra, we develop key insights about the relationship between frequency of the applied voltage perturbation and sensitivity. Lastly, we perform preliminary experimental characterization to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed theory. We believe this work provides a useful perspective that is applicable to the design of a variety of ionic hydrogel-based sensors for biomedical and soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Balakrishnan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Jiwoo Song
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Aditya S Khair
- Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher J Bettinger
- Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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19
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Lin C, Zhang YF, Lu D, Silva A, Liu Z, Yang HY. Low-Temperature Resistant Stretchable Micro-Supercapacitor Based on 3D Printed Octet-Truss Design. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207634. [PMID: 36732912 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, stretchable micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) that can be easily integrated into electronic devices have attracted research and industrial attentions. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) stretchable MSCs with an octet-truss electrode (OTE) design have been demonstrated by a rapid digital light processing (DLP) process. The 3D-printed electrode structure is beneficial for electrode-electrolyte interface formation and consequently increases the number of ions adsorbed on the electrode surface. The designed MSCs can achieve a high capacitance as ≈74.76 mF cm-3 under 1 mA cm-3 at room temperature even under a high mechanical deformation, and can achieve 19.53 mF cm-3 under 0.1 mA cm-3 at a low temperature (-30 °C). Moreover, finite element analysis (FEA) reveals the OTE structure provides 8 times more contact area per unit volume at the electrode-electrolyte interface compared to the traditional interdigital electrode (IDE). This work combines structural design and 3D printing techniques, which provides new insights into highly stretchable MSCs for next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjian Lin
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Dingjie Lu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Arlindo Silva
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Hui Ying Yang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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20
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Hu F, Wang Y, Wu D, Wang R, Duhm S. Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:311-319. [PMID: 37249934 PMCID: PMC10214517 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is used in a manifold of electronic applications, and controlling its conductivity is often the key to attain a superior device performance. To that end, solvent additives like Triton, ethylene glycol (EG), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are regularly incorporated. In our comprehensive study, we prepare PEDOT:PSS thin films with seven different additive combinations and with thicknesses ranging from 6 to 300 nm on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates. We utilize X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to access the PSS-to-PEDOT ratio and the PSS--to-PSSH ratio in the near-surface region and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to get the work function (WF). In addition, the morphology and conductivity of these samples are obtained. We found that the WF of the prepared thin films for each combination becomes saturated at a thickness of around 50 nm and thinner films show a lower WF due to the inferior coverage on the ITO. Furthermore, the WF shows a better correlation with the PSS--to-PSSH ratio than the commonly used PSS-to-PEDOT ratio as PSS- can directly affect the surface dipole. By adding solvent additives, a dramatic increase in the conductivity is observed for all PEDOT:PSS films, especially when DMSO is involved. Moreover, adding the additive Triton (surfactant) helps to suppress the WF fluctuation for most films of each additive combination and contributes to weaken the surface dipole, eventually leading to a lower and thickness-independent WF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyang Hu
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongbin Wang
- Institut
für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Duhm
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International
Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Hu X, Quan B, Zhu C, Wen H, Sheng M, Liu S, Li X, Wu H, Lu X, Qu J. Upgrading Electricity Generation and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Efficiency via Phase-Change Feedback and Simple Origami Strategy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206835. [PMID: 36950746 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing ultimate electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials that can simultaneously upgrade the quality of generated electricity and the light-thermal-electric conversion efficiency based on traditional thermoelectric devices is crucially desired. Herein, a series of flexible multilayered phase change films (PCFs) is developed by a simple and novel origami strategy. The PCFs are first reported to improve the light-thermal-electric conversion efficiency by as high as 11.3%. Simultaneously, the PCFs could significantly upgrade the generated electricity on average voltage (27.3%), average current (23.8%), and lasting power outputs by 2010 times from microwatts to milliwatts. Besides, the EMI shielding efficiency of PCFs could be tuned from 39.2 to 71.9 dB by the origami process, the wide-range EMI shielding performance could be suitable for varying occasions. Overall, this work provides a promising solution for both the preparation of multifunctional materials, high-efficiency solar energy harvesting and upgrading electricity generation, which shows broad application prospects in EMI shielding, energy storage, and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bingqing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haoye Wen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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22
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Hu C, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Guo K, Cui C, Li Y, Gu Z, Zhang W, Shen L, Zhu J. Far-infrared transparent conductors. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:98. [PMID: 37085484 PMCID: PMC10121591 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing challenge in designing far-infrared transparent conductors (FIRTC) is the combination of high plasma absorption edge (λp) and high conductivity (σ). These competing requirements are commonly met by tuning carrier concentration or/and effective carrier mass in a metal oxide/oxonate with low optical dielectric constant (εopt = 2-7). However, despite the high σ, the transparent band is limited to mid-infrared (λp < 5 μm). In this paper, we break the trade-off between high σ and λp by increasing the "so-called constant" εopt that has been neglected, and successfully develop the material family of FIRTC with εopt > 15 and λp > 15 μm. These FIRTC crystals are mainly octahedrally-coordinated heavy-metal chalcogenides and their solid solutions with shallow-level defects. Their high εopt relies on the formation of electron-deficiency multicenter bonds resulting in the great electron-polarization effect. The new FIRTC enables us to develop the first "continuous film" type far-infrared electromagnetic shielder that is unattainable using traditional materials. Therefore, this study may inaugurate a new era in far-infrared optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Kaiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Can Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zhiqing Gu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
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23
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Lv TR, Zhang WH, Yang YQ, Zhang JC, Yin MJ, Yin Z, Yong KT, An QF. Micro/Nano-Fabrication of Flexible Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Conductive Films for High-Performance Microdevices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301071. [PMID: 37069773 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demands for novel flexible organic electronic devices, conductive polymers are now becoming the rising star for reaching such targets, which has witnessed significant breakthroughs in the fields of thermoelectric devices, solar cells, sensors, and hydrogels during the past decade due to their outstanding conductivity, solution-processing ability, as well as tailorability. However, the commercialization of those devices still lags markedly behind the corresponding research advances, arising from the not high enough performance and limited manufacturing techniques. The conductivity and micro/nano-structure of conductive polymer films are two critical factors for achieving high-performance microdevices. In this review, the state-of-the-art technologies for developing organic devices by using conductive polymers are comprehensively summarized, which will begin with a description of the commonly used synthesis methods and mechanisms for conductive polymers. Next, the current techniques for the fabrication of conductive polymer films will be proffered and discussed. Subsequently, approaches for tailoring the nanostructures and microstructures of conductive polymer films are summarized and discussed. Then, the applications of micro/nano-fabricated conductive films-based devices in various fields are given and the role of the micro/nano-structures on the device performances is highlighted. Finally, the perspectives on future directions in this exciting field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Run Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wen-Hai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jia-Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ming-Jie Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- The Biophotonics and Mechano-Bioengineering Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Quan-Fu An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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24
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Zhao B, Bai Z, Lv H, Yan Z, Du Y, Guo X, Zhang J, Wu L, Deng J, Zhang DW, Che R. Self-Healing Liquid Metal Magnetic Hydrogels for Smart Feedback Sensors and High-Performance Electromagnetic Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:79. [PMID: 37002442 PMCID: PMC10066054 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels exhibit potential applications in smart wearable devices because of their exceptional sensitivity to various external stimuli. However, their applications are limited by challenges in terms of issues in biocompatibility, custom shape, and self-healing. Herein, a conductive, stretchable, adaptable, self-healing, and biocompatible liquid metal GaInSn/Ni-based composite hydrogel is developed by incorporating a magnetic liquid metal into the hydrogel framework through crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with sodium tetraborate. The excellent stretchability and fast self-healing capability of the PVA/liquid metal hydrogel are derived from its abundant hydrogen binding sites and liquid metal fusion. Significantly, owing to the magnetic constituent, the PVA/liquid metal hydrogel can be guided remotely using an external magnetic field to a specific position to repair the broken wires with no need for manual operation. The composite hydrogel also exhibits sensitive deformation responses and can be used as a strain sensor to monitor various body motions. Additionally, the multifunctional hydrogel displays absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. The total shielding performance of the composite hydrogel increases to ~ 62.5 dB from ~ 31.8 dB of the pure PVA hydrogel at the thickness of 3.0 mm. The proposed bioinspired multifunctional magnetic hydrogel demonstrates substantial application potential in the field of intelligent wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000433, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology,, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Separation and Processing of Symbiotic-Associated Mineral Resources in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Lv
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikai Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology,, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Du
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology,, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincang Zhang
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wu
- Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiushuai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Separation and Processing of Symbiotic-Associated Mineral Resources in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000433, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchao Che
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000433, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Jiang X, Zhou J, Zhong X, Hu Z, Hu R, Song Y, Zheng Q. Stretchable PEDOT:PSS/Li-TFSI/XSB Composite Films for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8521-8529. [PMID: 36746749 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with stretchability are important for developing wearable and flexible appliances. Herein, lithium bis(trifloromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (XSB) latex are used to prepare stretchable EMI shielding composite films of 0.2 mm in thickness. In these films, the doped PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles form tenuous conductive pathways between the hexagonally packed latex particles, resulting in higher EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE) compared with the films containing traditional dopant ethylene glycol. For the purpose of stretchable EMI shielding, the films containing 6 wt % PEDOT:PSS and 6 wt % Li-TFSI demonstrate EMI SE of 50 and 30 dB (12.4 GHz) at 0 and 100% strains, respectively, being the highest values among the reported shielding composites except for those using liquid metal as the filler. The investigation also provides a simple and environmentally friendly preparation method being highlighted for the development of lightweight stretchable EMI shielding materials for applications in flexible electronics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Junwei Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Xinke Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Zhaopeng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Rongyan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan030000, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan030000, China
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26
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Shin M, Lim J, An J, Yoon J, Choi JW. Nanomaterial-based biohybrid hydrogel in bioelectronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:8. [PMID: 36763293 PMCID: PMC9918666 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broadly applicable potential in the bioelectronics, organic/inorganic material-based bioelectronics have some limitations such as hard stiffness and low biocompatibility. To overcome these limitations, hydrogels capable of bridging the interface and connecting biological materials and electronics have been investigated for development of hydrogel bioelectronics. Although hydrogel bioelectronics have shown unique properties including flexibility and biocompatibility, there are still limitations in developing novel hydrogel bioelectronics using only hydrogels such as their low electrical conductivity and structural stability. As an alternative solution to address these issues, studies on the development of biohybrid hydrogels that incorporating nanomaterials into the hydrogels have been conducted for bioelectronic applications. Nanomaterials complement the shortcomings of hydrogels for bioelectronic applications, and provide new functionality in biohybrid hydrogel bioelectronics. In this review, we provide the recent studies on biohybrid hydrogels and their bioelectronic applications. Firstly, representative nanomaterials and hydrogels constituting biohybrid hydrogels are provided, and next, applications of biohybrid hydrogels in bioelectronics categorized in flexible/wearable bioelectronic devices, tissue engineering, and biorobotics are discussed with recent studies. In conclusion, we strongly believe that this review provides the latest knowledge and strategies on hydrogel bioelectronics through the combination of nanomaterials and hydrogels, and direction of future hydrogel bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungpyo Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun An
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04170, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Zhu T, Ni Y, Biesold GM, Cheng Y, Ge M, Li H, Huang J, Lin Z, Lai Y. Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:473-509. [PMID: 36484322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional conductive hydrogels for electronic devices. First, conductive hydrogels with different components are discussed, including pure single network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, single network hydrogels with additional conductive additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets), double network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, and double network hydrogels with additional conductive additives. Second, conductive hydrogels with a variety of functionalities, including self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory and external stimulus responsiveness are introduced in detail. Third, the applications of hydrogels in flexible devices are illustrated (i.e., strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, and robot). Next, the current challenges facing hydrogels are summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims to drive further development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
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Wang H, Sun X, Wang Y, Li K, Wang J, Dai X, Chen B, Chong D, Zhang L, Yan J. Acid enhanced zipping effect to densify MWCNT packing for multifunctional MWCNT films with ultra-high electrical conductivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:380. [PMID: 36693835 PMCID: PMC9873916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The outstanding electrical and mechanical properties remain elusive on macroscopic carbon nanotube (CNT) films because of the difficult material process, which limits their wide practical applications. Herein, we report high-performance multifunctional MWCNT films that possess the specific electrical conductivity of metals as well as high strength. These MWCNT films were synthesized by a floating chemical vapor deposition method, purified at high temperature and treated with concentrated HCl, and then densified due to the developed chlorosulfonic acid-enhanced zipping effect. These large scalable films exhibit high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, high thermoelectric power factor, and high ampacity because of the densely packed crystalline structure of MWCNTs, which are promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xu Sun
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Kuncai Li
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xu Dai
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Bin Chen
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Daotong Chong
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Junjie Yan
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
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Wu N, Yang Y, Wang C, Wu Q, Pan F, Zhang R, Liu J, Zeng Z. Ultrathin Cellulose Nanofiber Assisted Ambient-Pressure-Dried, Ultralight, Mechanically Robust, Multifunctional MXene Aerogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207969. [PMID: 36281792 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient-pressure-dried (APD) preparation of transition metal carbide/nitrides (MXene) aerogels is highly desirable yet remains highly challenging. Here, ultrathin, high-strength-to-weight-ratio, renewable cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are efficiently utilized to assist in the APD preparation of ultralight yet robust, highly conductive, large-area MXene-based aerogels via a facile, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, and scalable freezing-exchanging-drying approach. The strong interactions of large-aspect-ratio CNF and MXene as well as the biomimetic nacre-like microstructure induce high mechanical strength and stability to avoid the structure collapse of aerogels in the APD process. Abundant functional groups of CNFs facilitate the chemical crosslinking of MXene-based aerogels, significantly improving the hydrophobicity, water resistance, and even oxidation stability. The ultrathin, 1D nature of the CNF renders the minimal MXenes' interlayered gaps and numerous heterogeneous interfaces, yielding the excellent conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of aerogels. The synergies of the MXene, CNF, and abundant pores efficiently improve the EMI shielding performance, photothermal conversion, and absorption of viscous crude oil. This work shows great promises of the APD, multifunctional MXene-based aerogels in electromagnetic protection or compatibility, thermal therapy, and oil-water separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, P.R. China
| | - Changxian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qilei Wu
- Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, China Ship Development and Design Centre, Wuhan, 430064, P.R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, BPR 1096, Switzerland
| | - Runa Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, P.R. China
| | - Jiurong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Yin J, Li N, Liu H, Wu Z, Liu Y, Jiao T, Qin Z. Simultaneously Enhancing the Mechanical Strength and Ionic Conductivity of Stretchable Ionogels Enabled by Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Juanjuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zihang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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31
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He Y, Chen J, Qian Y, Wei Y, Wang C, Ye Z, Liu Y, Chen G. Organohydrogel based on cellulose-stabilized emulsion for electromagnetic shielding, flame retardant, and strain sensing. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yang Y, Wu N, Li B, Liu W, Pan F, Zeng Z, Liu J. Biomimetic Porous MXene Sediment-Based Hydrogel for High-Performance and Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15042-15052. [PMID: 35984219 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance and functional hydrogels that mimic biological materials in nature is promising yet remains highly challenging. Through a facile, scalable unidirectional freezing followed by a salting-out approach, a type of hydrogels composed of "trashed" MXene sediment (MS) and biomimetic pores is manufactured. By integrating the honeycomb-like ordered porous structure, highly conductive MS, and water, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness is up to 90 dB in the X band and can reach more than 40 dB in the ultrabroadband gigahertz band (8.2-40 GHz) for the highly flexible hydrogel, outperforming previously reported porous EMI shields. Moreover, thanks to the stable framework of the MS-based hydrogel, the influences of water on shielding performance are quantitatively identified. Furthermore, the extremely low content of silver nanowire is embedded into the biomimetic hydrogels, leading to the significantly improved multiple reflection-induced microwave loss and thus EMI shielding performance. Last, the MS-based hydrogels allow sensitive and reliable detection of human motions and smart coding. This work thus not only achieves the control of EMI shielding performance via the interior porous structure of hydrogels, but also demonstrates a waste-free, low-cost, and scalable strategy to prepare multifunctional, high-performance MS-based biomimetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jiurong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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33
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Wang W, Li Z, Li M, Fang L, Chen F, Han S, Lan L, Chen J, Chen Q, Wang H, Liu C, Yang Y, Yue W, Xie Z. High-Transconductance, Highly Elastic, Durable and Recyclable All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistors with 3D Micro-Engineered Interfaces. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:184. [PMID: 36094765 PMCID: PMC9468203 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as versatile platforms for broad applications spanning from flexible and wearable integrated circuits to biomedical monitoring to neuromorphic computing. A variety of materials and tailored micro/nanostructures have recently been developed to realized stretchable OECTs, however, a solid-state OECT with high elasticity has not been demonstrated to date. Herein, we present a general platform developed for the facile generation of highly elastic all-polymer OECTs with high transconductance (up to 12.7 mS), long-term mechanical and environmental durability, and sustainability. Rapid prototyping of these devices was achieved simply by transfer printing lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS/LiTFSI) microstructures onto a resilient gelatin-based gel electrolyte, in which both depletion-mode and enhancement-mode OECTs were produced using various active channels. Remarkably, the elaborate 3D architectures of the PEDOT:PSS were engineered, and an imprinted 3D-microstructured channel/electrolyte interface combined with wrinkled electrodes provided performance that was retained (> 70%) through biaxial stretching of 100% strain and after 1000 repeated cycles of 80% strain. Furthermore, the anti-drying and degradable gelatin and the self-crosslinked PEDOT:PSS/LiTFSI jointly enabled stability during > 4 months of storage and on-demand disposal and recycling. This work thus represents a straightforward approach towards high-performance stretchable organic electronics for wearable/implantable/neuromorphic/sustainable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Mancheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Lvye Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Songjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyuan Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qize Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Hu J, Liang C, Li J, Lin C, Liang Y, Dong D. Ultrastrong and Hydrophobic Sandwich-Structured MXene-Based Composite Films for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33817-33828. [PMID: 35850587 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are highly necessary to solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation. Transition-metal carbide/nitride (MXene) materials offer great potential for the construction of high-performance EMI shields because of their high electrical conductivity and versatile surface chemistry. However, MXene generally suffers from poor mechanical and oxidation-resistant properties, which hinders its practical applications. Herein, flexible, strong, and hydrophobic sandwich-structured composite films (H-S-MXene), consisting of a conductive MXene layer and supporting aramid nanofiber layer, were fabricated using step-by-step vacuum-assisted filtration and dip coating. Given the unique sandwich structure, hydrogen bonding interactions, and covalent cross-linking of the MXene sheets, the H-S-MXene composite films demonstrated simultaneously excellent EMI shielding and mechanical properties. The EMI shielding effectiveness of the H-S-MXene composite film with 20 wt % MXene content reached 46.1 dB at thickness of 23.2 ± 0.5 μm, and the tensile strength of the film reached 302.1 MPa, which outperformed other reported EMI shielding materials. The excellent mechanical flexibility and hydrophobicity of the H-S-MXene composite films ensured a stable EMI shielding performance, which could withstand cycled bending, torsion, and exposure to aqueous environments. These impressive features made the H-S-MXene composite films promising candidates for electronic devices and aerospace. This study provides important guidance for the rational design of stable MXene-based composites with advanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Caiyun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanwei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongjiu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dewen Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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35
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Diao Q, Liu H, Yang Y. A Highly Mechanical, Conductive, and Cryophylactic Double Network Hydrogel for Flexible and Low-Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070424. [PMID: 35877509 PMCID: PMC9322378 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their stretchability, conductivity, and good biocompatibility, hydrogels have been recognized as potential materials for flexible sensors. However, it is still challenging for hydrogels to meet the conductivity, mechanical strength, and freeze-resistant requirements in practice. In this study, a chitosan-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) double network (DN) hydrogel was prepared by immersing the chitosan-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composite hydrogel into Fe2(SO4)3 solution. Due to the formation of an energy-dissipative chitosan physical network, the DN hydrogel possessed excellent tensile and compression properties. Moreover, the incorporation of the inorganic salt endowed the DN hydrogel with excellent conductivity and freeze-resistance. The strain sensor prepared using this DN hydrogel displayed remarkable sensitivity and reliability in detecting stretching and bending deformations. In addition, this DN hydrogel sensor also worked well at a lower temperature (−20 °C). The highly mechanical, conductive, and freeze-resistant DN hydrogel revealed a promising application in the field of wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Diao
- College of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Yanyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (Y.Y.)
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36
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Chen L, Fei X, Zhou Y, Tian J, Xu L, Li Y. Supramolecular hydrogel based on polyionic liquids for underwater sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:287-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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