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Wan X, Xiao Z, Tian Y, Chen M, Liu F, Wang D, Liu Y, Bartolo PJDS, Yan C, Shi Y, Zhao RR, Qi HJ, Zhou K. Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312263. [PMID: 38439193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
4D printing has attracted tremendous worldwide attention during the past decade. This technology enables the shape, property, or functionality of printed structures to change with time in response to diverse external stimuli, making the original static structures alive. The revolutionary 4D-printing technology offers remarkable benefits in controlling geometric and functional reconfiguration, thereby showcasing immense potential across diverse fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, robotics, and photonics. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in 4D printing using various types of materials and different additive manufacturing techniques is presented. The state-of-the-art strategies implemented in harnessing various 4D-printed structures are highlighted, which involve materials design, stimuli, functionalities, and applications. The machine learning approach explored for 4D printing is also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future trends toward further development in 4D printing are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wan
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhongmin Xiao
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yujia Tian
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mei Chen
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Paulo Jorge Da Silva Bartolo
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ruike Renee Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hang Jerry Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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2
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Caussin E, Moussally C, Le Goff S, Fasham T, Troizier-Cheyne M, Tapie L, Dursun E, Attal JP, François P. Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Actual Popular Technologies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:950. [PMID: 38399200 PMCID: PMC10890271 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, the current state of the art and recent advances in 3D printing in dentistry are explored. This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of 3D printing with a focus on vat photopolymerization (VP), the most commonly used technological principle in dental practice, which includes SLA, DLP, and LCD (or mSLA) technologies. The advantages, disadvantages, and shortcomings of these technologies are also discussed. This article delves into the key stages of the dental 3D printing process, from computer-aided design (CAD) to postprocessing, emphasizing the importance of postrinsing and postcuring to ensure the biocompatibility of custom-made medical devices. Legal considerations and regulatory obligations related to the production of custom medical devices through 3D printing are also addressed. This article serves as a valuable resource for dental practitioners, researchers, and health care professionals interested in applying this innovative technology in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Caussin
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | | | - Stéphane Le Goff
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Timothy Fasham
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Max Troizier-Cheyne
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Laurent Tapie
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- EPF École d’Ingénieurs, 94230 Cachan, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- Charles Foix Hospital, AP-HP, 94200 Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe François
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
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3
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Randhawa A, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Patil TV, Lim KT. Manufacturing 3D Biomimetic Tissue: A Strategy Involving the Integration of Electrospun Nanofibers with a 3D-Printed Framework for Enhanced Tissue Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309269. [PMID: 38308170 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
3D printing and electrospinning are versatile techniques employed to produce 3D structures, such as scaffolds and ultrathin fibers, facilitating the creation of a cellular microenvironment in vitro. These two approaches operate on distinct working principles and utilize different polymeric materials to generate the desired structure. This review provides an extensive overview of these techniques and their potential roles in biomedical applications. Despite their potential role in fabricating complex structures, each technique has its own limitations. Electrospun fibers may have ambiguous geometry, while 3D-printed constructs may exhibit poor resolution with limited mechanical complexity. Consequently, the integration of electrospinning and 3D-printing methods may be explored to maximize the benefits and overcome the individual limitations of these techniques. This review highlights recent advancements in combined techniques for generating structures with controlled porosities on the micro-nano scale, leading to improved mechanical structural integrity. Collectively, these techniques also allow the fabrication of nature-inspired structures, contributing to a paradigm shift in research and technology. Finally, the review concludes by examining the advantages, disadvantages, and future outlooks of existing technologies in addressing challenges and exploring potential opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Ren Z, Zhou X, Ding K, Ji T, Sun H, Chi X, Wei Y, Xu M, Cai L, Xia C. Design of sustainable 3D printable polylactic acid composites with high lignin content. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127264. [PMID: 37804892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the development of a sustainable polymer system with 50 wt% lignin content, suitable for additive manufacturing and high value-added utilization of lignin. The plasticized polylactic acid (PLA) was incorporated with lignin to develop the bendable and malleable green composites with excellent 3D printing adaptability. The biocomposites exhibit increases of 765.54 % and 125.27 % in both elongation and toughness, respectively. The plasticizer enhances the dispersion of lignin and the molecular mobility of the PLA chains. The good dispersion of lignin particles within the structure and the reduction of chemical cross-linking promote the local relaxation of the polymer chains. The good local relaxation of the polymer chains and the high flexibility allow to obtain a better integration between the printed layers with good printability. This research demonstrates the promising potential of this composite system for sustainable manufacturing and provides insights into novel material design for high-value applications of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechun Ren
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kejiao Ding
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tong Ji
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang Chi
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunzhao Wei
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang, Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Min Xu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Liping Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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5
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García-Puente Y, Laurin JJ, Kashyap R. Experimental characterization of Spherical Bragg Resonators for electromagnetic emission engineering at microwave frequencies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20532. [PMID: 37993567 PMCID: PMC10665359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports experimental investigation and numerical validation of millimeter-sized Spherical Bragg Resonators (SBRs) fabricated using 3D printing technology. The frequency dependencies of the reflection and transmission coefficients were analyzed, and eigenfrequency values were calculated to examine the density of photonic states in air/PLA-polylactide SBRs, showing the appearance of an eigenmode and an increase in the local density of states in the core of a defect cavity. A decay rate enhancement of [Formula: see text] was obtained for a dipole placed in the core of the defect SBR. The study also investigated the influence of the source position on the resonator's electromagnetic wave energy. Scattering efficiencies up to order twelve of the multipole electric and magnetic contribution in a 10-layer SBR were calculated to validate the presence of the resonant modes observed in the scattering measurements performed for parallel and perpendicular polarizations. The results demonstrate that SBRs can act as omnidirectional cavities to enhance or inhibit spontaneous emission processes by modifying the density of electromagnetic states compared to free space. This finding highlights the potential of SBRs engineering spontaneous electromagnetic emission processes in various applications, including dielectric nanoantennas, optoelectronics devices, and quantum information across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalina García-Puente
- Department of Engineering Physics, Poly-Grames Research Centre, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Jacques Laurin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Poly-Grames Research Centre, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Raman Kashyap
- Department of Engineering Physics, Poly-Grames Research Centre, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Poly-Grames Research Centre, Polytechnique Montreal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Dutta SD, Patil TV, Ganguly K, Randhawa A, Acharya R, Moniruzzaman M, Lim KT. Trackable and highly fluorescent nanocellulose-based printable bio-resins for image-guided tissue regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121232. [PMID: 37659796 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic tracking of cell migration during tissue regeneration remains challenging owing to imaging techniques that require sophisticated devices, are often lethal to healthy tissues. Herein, we developed a 3D printable non-invasive polymeric hydrogel based on 2,2,6,6-(tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized nanocellulose (T-CNCs) and carbon dots (CDs) for the dynamic tracking of cells. The as-prepared T-CNC@CDs were used to fabricate a liquid bio-resin containing gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (GPCD) for digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting. The shear-thinning properties of the GPCD bio-resin were further improved by the addition of T-CNC@CDs, allowing high-resolution 3D printing and bioprinting of human cells with higher cytocompatibility (viability ∼95 %). The elastic modulus of the printed GPCD hydrogel was found to be ∼13 ± 4.2 kPa, which is ideal for soft tissue engineering. The as-fabricated hydrogel scaffold exhibited tunable structural color property owing to the addition of T-CNC@CDs. Owing to the unique fluorescent property of T-CNC@CDs, the human skin cells could be tracked within the GPCD hydrogel up to 30 days post-printing. Therefore, we anticipate that GPCD bio-resin can be used for 3D bioprinting with high structural stability, dynamic tractability, and tunable mechanical stiffness for image-guided tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Institue of Forest Science, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Acharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Institue of Forest Science, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zuo F, Ma S, Zhao W, Yang C, Li Z, Zhang C, Bai J. An Ultraviolet-Lithography-Assisted Sintering Method for Glass Microlens Array Fabrication. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2055. [PMID: 38004912 PMCID: PMC10672823 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Glass microlens arrays (MLAs) have tremendous prospects in the fields of optical communication, sensing and high-sensitivity imaging for their excellent optical properties, high mechanical robustness and physicochemical stability. So far, glass MLAs are primarily fabricated using femtosecond laser modification assisted etching, in which the preparation procedure is time-consuming, with each concave-shaped microlens being processed using a femtosecond laser point by point. In this paper, a new method is proposed for implementing large-scale glass MLAs using glass particle sintering with the assistance of ultraviolet (UV) lithography. The glass particles are dispersed into the photoresist at first, and then immobilized as large-scaled micropillar arrays on quartz glass substrate using UV lithographing. Subsequently, the solidified photoresist is debinded and the glass particles are melted by means of sintering. By controlling the sintering conditions, the convex microlens will be self-assembled, attributed to the surface tension of the molten glass particles. Finally, MLAs with different focal lengths (0.12 to 0.2 mm) are successfully fabricated by utilizing different lithography masks. Meanwhile, we also present the optimization of the sintering parameter for eliminating the bubbles in the microlenses. The main factors that affect the focal length of the microlens and the image performance of the MLAs have been studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Xi’an 710127, China; (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Xi’an 710127, China; (S.M.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Shenghua Ma
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Xi’an 710127, China; (S.M.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Xi’an 710127, China; (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Xi’an 710127, China; (S.M.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Chenqian Yang
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Xi’an 710127, China; (S.M.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Xi’an 710127, China; (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Xi’an 710127, China; (S.M.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Xi’an 710127, China; (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Xi’an 710127, China; (S.M.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Jintao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Xi’an 710127, China; (F.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Xi’an 710127, China; (S.M.); (C.Y.)
- Institute of Photonics & Photon Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
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8
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Orange Kedem R, Opatovski N, Xiao D, Ferdman B, Alalouf O, Kumar Pal S, Wang Z, von der Emde H, Weber M, Sahl SJ, Ponjavic A, Arie A, Hell SW, Shechtman Y. Near index matching enables solid diffractive optical element fabrication via additive manufacturing. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:222. [PMID: 37696792 PMCID: PMC10495398 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have a wide range of applications in optics and photonics, thanks to their capability to perform complex wavefront shaping in a compact form. However, widespread applicability of DOEs is still limited, because existing fabrication methods are cumbersome and expensive. Here, we present a simple and cost-effective fabrication approach for solid, high-performance DOEs. The method is based on conjugating two nearly refractive index-matched solidifiable transparent materials. The index matching allows for extreme scaling up of the elements in the axial dimension, which enables simple fabrication of a template using commercially available 3D printing at tens-of-micrometer resolution. We demonstrated the approach by fabricating and using DOEs serving as microlens arrays, vortex plates, including for highly sensitive applications such as vector beam generation and super-resolution microscopy using MINSTED, and phase-masks for three-dimensional single-molecule localization microscopy. Beyond the advantage of making DOEs widely accessible by drastically simplifying their production, the method also overcomes difficulties faced by existing methods in fabricating highly complex elements, such as high-order vortex plates, and spectrum-encoding phase masks for microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Orange Kedem
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadav Opatovski
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dafei Xiao
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boris Ferdman
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Onit Alalouf
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sushanta Kumar Pal
- School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Henrik von der Emde
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen J Sahl
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleks Ponjavic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ady Arie
- School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoav Shechtman
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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9
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Liu S, Wang Z, Chen X, Han M, Xu J, Li T, Yu L, Qin M, Long M, Li M, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang L, Huang W, Wu Y. Multiscale Anisotropic Scaffold Integrating 3D Printing and Electrospinning Techniques as a Heart-on-a-Chip Platform for Evaluating Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300719. [PMID: 37155581 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac safety assessments are significant in drug discovery, as drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is the primary cause of drug attrition. Despite heart-on-a-chip (HoC) technology becoming an increasingly popular tool for evaluating DIC, its development remains a challenge owing to the anisotropic cardiac structure of the native myocardium. Herein, an anisotropic multiscale cardiac scaffold is presented via a hybrid biofabrication method by combining 3D printing with electrospinning technology, where the 3D-printed micrometer-scale scaffold frames enable mimicking the interwoven myocardium anatomical structure and the branched-aligned electrospun nanofibers network is able to directionally guide cellular arrangements. The in vitro 3D bioengineered cardiac tissues are then fabricated by encapsulating three-layer multiscale scaffolds within a photocurable methacrylated gelatin hydrogel shell. It is demonstrated that such an anisotropic multiscale structure could contribute to enhancing cardiomyocyte maturation and synchronous beating behavior. More attractively, with the integration of 3D bioengineered cardiac tissues and a self-designed microfluidic perfusion system, a 3D anisotropic HoC platform is established for evaluating DIC and cardioprotective efficacy. Collectively, these results indicate that the HoC model developed by integrating the 3D bioengineered cardiac tissues could effectively recapitulate the clinical manifestations, thereby highlighting their efficacy as a valuable preclinical platform for testing drug efficacy and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingying Han
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liu Yu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Maoyu Qin
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meng Long
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Hongwu Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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10
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Al-Amri AM. Recent Progress in Printed Photonic Devices: A Brief Review of Materials, Devices, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3234. [PMID: 37571128 PMCID: PMC10422352 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Printing electronics incorporates several significant technologies, such as semiconductor devices produced by various printing techniques on flexible substrates. With the growing interest in printed electronic devices, new technologies have been developed to make novel devices with inexpensive and large-area printing techniques. This review article focuses on the most recent developments in printed photonic devices. Photonics and optoelectronic systems may now be built utilizing materials with specific optical properties and 3D designs achieved through additive printing. Optical and architected materials that can be printed in their entirety are among the most promising future research topics, as are platforms for multi-material processing and printing technologies that can print enormous volumes at a high resolution while also maintaining a high throughput. Significant advances in innovative printable materials create new opportunities for functional devices to act efficiently, such as wearable sensors, integrated optoelectronics, and consumer electronics. This article provides an overview of printable materials, printing methods, and the uses of printed electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Al-Amri
- Physics Department, Collage of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25724, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Lee Y, Zhang HF, Sun C. Highly sensitive ultrasound detection using nanofabricated polymer micro-ring resonators. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:30. [PMID: 37338745 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging enables noninvasive volumetric imaging of biological tissues by capturing the endogenous optical absorption contrast. Conventional ultrasound detectors using piezoelectric materials have been widely used for transducing ultrasound signals into the electrical signals for PA imaging reconstruction. However, their inherent limitations in detection bandwidth and sensitivity per unit area have unfortunately constrained the performance of PA imaging. Optical based ultrasound detection methods emerge to offer very promising solutions. In particular, polymer micro-ring resonators (MRRs) in the form of integrated photonic circuits (IPC) enable significant reduction for the sensing area to 80 μm in diameter, while maintaining highly sensitive ultrasound detection with noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 0.49 Pa and a broad detection frequency range up to 250 MHz. The continued engineering innovation has further transformed MRRs to be transparent to the light and thus, opens up a wide range of applications, including multi-modality optical microscope with isometric resolution, PA endoscope, photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), and more. This review article summarizes and discusses the evolution of polymer MRR design and the associated nanofabrication process for improving the performance of ultrasound detection. The resulting novel imaging applications will also be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseop Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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12
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Chazot CAC, Creighton MA, Hart AJ. Interfacial Photopolymerization: A Method for Light-Based Printing of Thermoplastics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37311094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) printing of photopolymers is a widely adopted manufacturing method because of its high resolution and throughput. However, available printable photopolymers are typically thermosets, resulting in challenges in postprocessing and recycling of printed structures. Here, we present a new process called interfacial photopolymerization (IPP) which enables photopolymerization printing of linear chain polymers. In IPP, a polymer film is formed at the interface between two immiscible liquids, one containing a chain-growth monomer and the other containing a photoinitiator. We demonstrate the integration of IPP in a proof-of-concept projection system for printing of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films and rudimentary multi-layer shapes . IPP shows in-plane and out-of-plane resolutions comparable to conventional photoprinting methods. Cohesive PAN films with number-average molecular weights greater than 15 kg mol-1 are obtained, and to our knowledge this is the first report of photopolymerization printing of PAN. A macrokinetics model of IPP is developed to elucidate the transport and reaction rates involved and evaluate how reaction parameters affect film thickness and print speed. Last, demonstration of IPP in a multilayer scheme suggests its suitabiliy for three-dimensional printing of linear-chain polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile A C Chazot
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan A Creighton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Vidakis N, Petousis M, Mountakis N, Papadakis V, Moutsopoulou A. Mechanical strength predictability of full factorial, Taguchi, and Box Behnken designs: Optimization of thermal settings and Cellulose Nanofibers content in PA12 for MEX AM. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105846. [PMID: 37084490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of reinforced nanocomposites for MEX 3D-printing remain strong industrial claims. Herein, the efficacy of three modeling methods, i.e., full factorial (FFD), Taguchi (TD), and Box-Behnken (BBD), on the performance of MEX 3D printed nanocomposites was investigated, aiming to reduce the experimental effort. Filaments of medical-grade Polyamide 12 (PA12) reinforced with Cellulose NanoFibers (CNF) were evolved. Besides the CNF loading, 3D printing settings such as Nozzle (NT) and Bed (BΤ) Temperatures were optimization goals aiming to maximize the mechanical response. Three parameters and three levels of FFD were compliant with the ASTM-D638 standard (27 runs, five repetitions). An L9 orthogonal TD and a 15 runs BBD were compiled. In FFD, wt.3%CNF, 270 °C NT, and 80 °C BΤ led to 24% higher tensile strength compared to pure PA12. TGA, RAMAN, and SEM analyses interpreted the reinforcement mechanisms. TD and BBD exhibited fair approximations, requiring 7.4% and 11.8% of the FFD experimental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
| | - Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
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14
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Tripathi S, Mandal SS, Bauri S, Maiti P. 3D bioprinting and its innovative approach for biomedical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e194. [PMID: 36582305 PMCID: PMC9790048 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting or additive manufacturing is an emerging innovative technology revolutionizing the field of biomedical applications by combining engineering, manufacturing, art, education, and medicine. This process involved incorporating the cells with biocompatible materials to design the required tissue or organ model in situ for various in vivo applications. Conventional 3D printing is involved in constructing the model without incorporating any living components, thereby limiting its use in several recent biological applications. However, this uses additional biological complexities, including material choice, cell types, and their growth and differentiation factors. This state-of-the-art technology consciously summarizes different methods used in bioprinting and their importance and setbacks. It also elaborates on the concept of bioinks and their utility. Biomedical applications such as cancer therapy, tissue engineering, bone regeneration, and wound healing involving 3D printing have gained much attention in recent years. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of all the aspects associated with 3D bioprinting, from material selection, technology, and fabrication to applications in the biomedical fields. Attempts have been made to highlight each element in detail, along with the associated available reports from recent literature. This review focuses on providing a single platform for cancer and tissue engineering applications associated with 3D bioprinting in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swikriti Tripathi
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
| | - Subham Shekhar Mandal
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
| | - Sudepta Bauri
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
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15
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Dadoenkova YS, Glukhov IA, Moiseev SG, Bentivegna FFL. Non-specular reflection of a narrow spatially phase-modulated Gaussian beam. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:2073-2082. [PMID: 36520704 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.470180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lateral and angular Goos-Hänchen shifts undergone upon reflection on a dielectric plate by a spatially phase-modulated Gaussian beam are derived. It is shown that the amplitude and direction of both lateral and angular shifts are very sensitive to the degree of spatial phase modulation of the incident beam, so that such modulation thus provides a means to control those shifts. It is also shown that the modulation incurs some beam reshaping upon reflection. Analytical calculations of the lateral shift are found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations of beam propagation before and after reflection. In these simulations, the required spatial transverse phase modulation is achieved by focusing a microwave Gaussian beam onto the dielectric plate with a non-spherical lens or a flat-surfaced thin lamella exhibiting a suitable gradient of its refractive index. The optimal parameters governing the spatial phase modulation are discussed to achieve: (i) enhancement of the lateral shift of a spatially phase-modulated beam in comparison to that of a non-modulated beam and (ii) simultaneous large values of reflectivity and of the lateral shift, while keeping the reshaping of the reflected beam to a minimum.
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16
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Liaros N, Tomova Z, Gutierrez Razo SA, Bender JS, Souna AJ, Devoe RJ, Ender DA, Gates BJ, Fourkas JT. Thermal feature-size enhancement in multiphoton photoresists. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.988997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach for decreasing the feature size in multiphoton absorption polymerization (MAP). Acrylic photoresists containing the photoinitiator KL68 (bis-[4-(diphenylamino) stryl]-1-(2-ethylhexyloxy), 4-(methoxy)benzene) exhibit a proportional velocity (PROVE) dependence, yielding smaller feature sizes at lower fabrication speeds. The feature size in this photoresist decreases substantially with a temperature increase of less than 10°C when all other fabrication parameters are kept constant, suggesting that the PROVE behavior results from local heating. Although higher temperatures have previously been associated with decreased feature sizes in MAP, the effect observed here is considerably stronger than in previous work, and is shown to be a property of the photoinitiator. This discovery opens the door to exploiting thermal gradients to improve resolution in MAP lithography.
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17
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Cardoso VHR, Caldas P, Giraldi MTR, Frazão O, Costa JCWA, Santos JL. Optical Strain Gauge Prototype Based on a High Sensitivity Balloon-like Interferometer and Additive Manufacturing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7652. [PMID: 36236750 PMCID: PMC9571387 DOI: 10.3390/s22197652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An optical strain gauge based on a balloon-like interferometer structure formed by a bent standard single-mode fiber combined with a 3D printer piece has been presented and demonstrated, which can be used to measure displacement. The interferometer has a simple and compact size, easy fabrication, low cost, and is repeatable. The sensor is based on the interference between the core and cladding modes. This is caused by the fiber's curvature because when light propagates through the curved balloon-shaped interferometer region, a portion of it will be released from the core limitation and coupled to the cladding. The balloon has an axial displacement as a result of how the artwork was constructed. The sensor head is sandwiched between two cantilevers such that when there is a displacement, the dimension associated with the micro bend is altered. The sensor response as a function of displacement can be determined using wavelength shift or intensity change interrogation techniques. Therefore, this optical strain gauge is a good option for applications where structure displacement needs to be examined. The sensor presents a sensitivity of 55.014 nm for displacement measurements ranging from 0 to 10 mm and a strain sensitivity of 500.13 pm/μϵ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. R. Cardoso
- Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Caldas
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Maria Thereza R. Giraldi
- Laboratory of Photonics, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Orlando Frazão
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João C. W. Albuquerque Costa
- Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - José Luís Santos
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Choi JW, Kim GJ, Hong S, An JH, Kim BJ, Ha CW. Sequential process optimization for a digital light processing system to minimize trial and error. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13553. [PMID: 35941282 PMCID: PMC9360010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In additive manufacturing, logical and efficient workflow optimization enables successful production and reduces cost and time. These attempts are essential for preventing fabrication problems from various causes. However, quantitative analysis and integrated management studies of fabrication issues using a digital light processing (DLP) system are insufficient. Therefore, an efficient optimization method is required to apply several materials and extend the application of the DLP system. This study proposes a sequential process optimization (SPO) to manage the initial adhesion, recoating, and exposure energy. The photopolymerization characteristics and viscosity of the photocurable resin were quantitatively analyzed through process conditions such as build plate speed, layer thickness, and exposure time. The ability of the proposed SPO was confirmed by fabricating an evaluation model using a biocompatible resin. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the developed resin was verified through experiments. The existing DLP process requires several trials and errors in process optimization. Therefore, the fabrication results are different depending on the operator’s know-how. The use of the proposed SPO enables a systematic approach for optimizing the process conditions of a DLP system. As a result, the DLP system is expected to be more utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Choi
- Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 113-58, Seohaean-ro, Siheung-si, 15014, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, 47, 24-Gil, Kkachisan-ro, Seoul, 07661, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, 47, 24-Gil, Kkachisan-ro, Seoul, 07661, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Jin Kim
- Green Chemistry and Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea.,Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ha
- Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 113-58, Seohaean-ro, Siheung-si, 15014, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Monti J, Concellón A, Dong R, Simmler M, Münchinger A, Huck C, Tegeder P, Nirschl H, Wegener M, Osuji CO, Blasco E. Two-Photon Laser Microprinting of Highly Ordered Nanoporous Materials Based on Hexagonal Columnar Liquid Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33746-33755. [PMID: 35849651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous materials relying on supramolecular liquid crystals (LCs) are excellent candidates for size- and charge-selective membranes. However, whether they can be manufactured using printing technologies remained unexplored so far. In this work, we develop a new approach for the fabrication of ordered nanoporous microstructures based on supramolecular LCs using two-photon laser printing. In particular, we employ photo-cross-linkable hydrogen-bonded complexes, that self-assemble into columnar hexagonal (Colh) mesophases, as the base of our printable photoresist. The presence of photopolymerizable groups in the periphery of the molecules enables the printability using a laser. We demonstrate the conservation of the Colh arrangement and of the adsorptive properties of the materials after laser microprinting, which highlights the potential of the approach for the fabrication of functional nanoporous structures with a defined geometry. This first example of printable Colh LC should open new opportunities for the fabrication of functional porous microdevices with potential application in catalysis, filtration, separation, or molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Monti
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ruiqi Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mira Simmler
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchinger
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Christian Huck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, Hedelberg 69120, Germany
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20
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Cardoso VHR, Caldas P, Giraldi MTR, Fernandes CS, Frazão O, Costa JCWA, Santos JL. A Simple Optical Sensor Based on Multimodal Interference Superimposed on Additive Manufacturing for Diameter Measurement. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22124560. [PMID: 35746342 PMCID: PMC9227895 DOI: 10.3390/s22124560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In many areas, the analysis of a cylindrical structure is necessary, and a form to analyze it is by evaluating the diameter changes. Some areas can be cited: pipelines for oil or gas distribution and radial growth of trees whose diameter changes are directly related to irrigation and the radial expansion since it depends on the water soil deficit. For some species, these radial variations can change in around 5 mm. This paper proposes and experimentally investigates a sensor based on a core diameter mismatch technique for diameter changes measurement. The sensor structure is a combination of a cylindrical piece developed using a 3D printer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The pieces were developed to assist in monitoring the diameter variation. It is formed by splicing an uncoated short section of MMF (Multimode Fiber) between two standard SMFs (Singlemode Fibers) called SMF-MMF-SMF (SMS), where the MMF length is 15 mm. The work is divided into two main parts. Firstly, the sensor was fixed at two points on the first developed piece, and the diameter reduction caused dips or peaks shift of the transmittance spectrum due to curvature and strain influence. The fixation point (FP) distances used are: 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. Finally, the setup with the best sensitivity was chosen, from first results, to develop another test with an optimization. This optimization is performed in the printed piece where two supports are created so that only the strain influences the sensor. The results showed good sensitivity, reasonable dynamic range, and easy setup reproduction. Therefore, the sensor could be used for diameter variation measurement for proposed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. R. Cardoso
- Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (O.F.); (J.L.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.H.R.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulo Caldas
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (O.F.); (J.L.S.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Correspondence: (V.H.R.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Maria Thereza R. Giraldi
- Laboratory of Photonics, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil;
| | - Cindy Stella Fernandes
- Faculty of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará, Marabá 68507-590, Brazil;
| | - Orlando Frazão
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (O.F.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João C. W. Albuquerque Costa
- Applied Electromagnetism Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - José Luís Santos
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (O.F.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Manzato G, Giordano MC, Barelli M, Chowdhury D, Centini M, de Mongeot FB. Free-standing plasmonic nanoarrays for leaky optical waveguiding and sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17371-17382. [PMID: 36221562 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flat optics nanogratings supported on thin free-standing membranes offer the opportunity to combine narrowband waveguided modes and Rayleigh anomalies for sensitive and tunable biosensing. At the surface of high-refractive index Si3N4 membranes we engineered lithographic nanogratings based on plasmonic nanostripes, demonstrating the excitation of sharp waveguided modes and lattice resonances. We achieved fine tuning of these optical modes over a broadband Visible and Near-Infrared spectrum, in full agreement with numerical calculations. This possibility allowed us to select sharp waveguided modes supporting strong near-field amplification, extending for hundreds of nanometres out of the grating and enabling versatile biosensing applications. We demonstrate the potential of this flat-optics platform by devising a proof-of-concept nanofluidic refractive index sensor exploiting the long-range waveguided mode operating at the sub-picoliter scale. This free-standing device configuration, that could be further engineered at the nanoscale, highlights the strong potential of flat-optics nanoarrays in optofluidics and nanofluidic biosensing.
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22
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Yan C, Wang X, Liao L. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Gain Materials: Harvesting Triplet Excitons for Lasing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200525. [PMID: 35344285 PMCID: PMC9165517 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to harvest triplet excitons via a reverse intersystem crossing process. TADF gain materials that can recycle triplet excitons for stimulated emission are considered for solving the triplet accumulation problem in electrically pumped organic solid-state lasers (OSSLs). In this mini review, recent progress in TADF gain materials is summarized, and design principles are extracted from existing reports. The construction methods of resonators based on TADF gain materials are also introduced, and the challenges and perspectives for the future development of TADF gain materials are presented. It is hoped that this review will aid the advances in TADF gain materials and thus promote the development of electrically pumped OSSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Cun Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesSoochow University199 Ren'ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringMacau University of Science and TechnologyTaipaMacau SAR999078P. R. China
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23
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Chen H, Min X, Hui Y, Qin W, Zhang B, Yao Y, Xing W, Zhang W, Zhou N. Colloidal oxide nanoparticle inks for micrometer-resolution additive manufacturing of three-dimensional gas sensors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:764-771. [PMID: 34889925 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-resolution 3D printing of functional oxides is of growing importance for the fabrication of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) with customized 3D geometries. Compared to conventional microfabrication methods, additive manufacturing presents new opportunities for the low-cost, energy-saving, high-precision, and rapid manufacturing of electronics with complex 3D architectures. Despite these promises, methods for printable oxide inks are often hampered by challenges in achieving the printing resolution required by today's MEMS electronics and integration capabilities with various other electronic components. Here, a novel, facile ink design strategy is presented to overcome these challenges. Specifically, we first prepare a high-solid loading (∼78 wt%) colloidal suspension that contains polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated stannic dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles, followed by PEI desorption that is induced by nitric acid (HNO3) titration to optimize the rheological properties of the printable inks. Our achieved ∼3-5 μm printing resolution is at least an order of magnitude higher than those of other printed oxide studies employing nanoparticle ink-based printing methods demonstrated previously. Finally, various SnO2 structures were directly printed on a MEMS-based microelectrode for acetylene detection application. The gas sensitivity measurements reveal that the device performance is strongly dependent on the printed SnO2 structures. Specifically, the 3D structured SnO2 gas sensor exhibits the highest response of ∼ 29.9 to 100 ppm acetylene with the fastest total response time of ∼ 65.8 s. This work presents a general ink formulation and printing strategy for functional oxides, which further provides a pathway for the additive manufacturing of oxide-based MEMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehao Chen
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Min
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hui
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering and Institute of Sensor Technology, Hefei university of technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Wang Xing
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering and Institute of Sensor Technology, Hefei university of technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Nanjia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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24
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Skotnicka A, Kabatc J. New BODIPY Dyes Based on Benzoxazole as Photosensitizers in Radical Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020662. [PMID: 35057379 PMCID: PMC8781298 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenacylbenzoxazole difluoroboranes named BODIPY dyes (1-8) was designed and applied as photosensitizers (PS) for radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomer. The light absorption within the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) range (λmax = 350-410 nm; εmax = 23,000-42,500 M-1cm-1), that is strongly influenced by the substituents on the C3 and C4 atoms of phenyl ring, matched the emission of the Omnicure S2000 light within 320-500 nm. The photosensitizer possess fluorescence quantum yield from about 0.005 to 0.99. The 2-phenacylbenzoxazole difluoroboranes, together with borate salt (Bor), iodonium salt (Iod) or pyridinium salt (Pyr) acting as co-initiators, can generate active radicals upon the irradiation with a High Pressure Mercury Lamp which initiates a high-performance UV-Vis light-induced radical polymerization at 320-500 nm. The polymers obtained are characterized by strong photoluminescence. It was found that the type of radical generator (co-initiator) has a significant effect on the kinetic of radical polymerization of acrylate monomer. Moreover, the chemical structure of the BODIPY dyes does not influence the photoinitiating ability of the photoinitiator. The concentration of the photoinitiating system affects the photoinitiating performance. These 2-phenacylbenzoxazole difluoroborane-based photoinitiating systems have promising applications in UV-Vis-light induced polymerization.
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25
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Zou M, Zhang L, Song Y. Suppressing the Step Effect of 3D Printing for Constructing Contact Lenses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107249. [PMID: 34724264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has been considered as a sustainable method to construct complicated 3D structures. However, the step effect induced by the traditional point-by-point or layer-by-layer additive manufacturing mode inevitably occurs and remains an obstacle to realizing the smoothness and uniformity of 3D samples. Here, a continuous liquid film confined 3D printing strategy is proposed to fabricate high-precision 3D structures based on the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. With the control of the confinement of the liquid-solid interface and the continuous printing mode, liquid film adhering to the cured structure is sucked into the cured layer structures with excess resin adhering to the cured structure scraping off, where the step effect is eliminated and post-washing is avoided. The morphology and dimension of the confined liquid film can be well regulated by ink properties and printing parameters to optimize the surface smoothness and printing fidelity. In addition, heat accumulation and thermal diffusion are also suppressed, ensuring the long-term printing stability. A centimeter-scale contact lens structure with central thickness of ≈135 µm comparable to commercial ones can be printed, which possesses extreme smoothness (sub 1.3 nm), homogeneous mechanical characteristic, biocompatibility, and high optical properties with imaging resolution of up to 228.1 lp mm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lidian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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26
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Chernow VF, Ng RC, Peng S, Atwater HA, Greer JR. Dispersion Mapping in 3-Dimensional Core-Shell Photonic Crystal Lattices Capable of Negative Refraction in the Mid-Infrared. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9102-9107. [PMID: 34672602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of the dispersion properties of a photonic crystal (PhC) opens a new paradigm for the design and function of PhC devices. Exploiting the dispersion properties of PhCs allows control over wave propagation within a PhC. We describe the design, fabrication, and experimental observation of photonic bands for 3D PhCs capable of negative refraction in the mid-infrared. Band structure and equifrequency contours were calculated to inform the design of 3D polymer-germanium core-shell PhCs, which were fabricated using two-photon lithography direct laser writing and sputtering. We successfully characterized a polymer-Ge core-shell lattice and mapped its band structure, which we then used to calculate the PhC refraction behavior. An analysis of wave propagation revealed that this 3D core-shell PhC refracts light negatively and possesses an effective negative index of refraction in the experimentally observed region. These results suggest that architected nanolattices have the potential to serve as new optical components and devices across infrared frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria F Chernow
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan C Ng
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Siying Peng
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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27
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Wen X, Zhang B, Wang W, Ye F, Yue S, Guo H, Gao G, Zhao Y, Fang Q, Nguyen C, Zhang X, Bao J, Robinson JT, Ajayan PM, Lou J. 3D-printed silica with nanoscale resolution. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1506-1511. [PMID: 34650230 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating inorganic materials with designed three-dimensional nanostructures is an exciting yet challenging area of research and industrial application. Here, we develop an approach to 3D print high-quality nanostructures of silica with sub-200 nm resolution and with the flexible capability of rare-earth element doping. The printed SiO2 can be either amorphous glass or polycrystalline cristobalite controlled by the sintering process. The 3D-printed nanostructures demonstrate attractive optical properties. For instance, the fabricated micro-toroid optical resonators can reach quality factors (Q) of over 104. Moreover, and importantly for optical applications, doping and codoping of rare-earth salts such as Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Eu3+ and Nd3+ can be directly implemented in the printed SiO2 structures, showing strong photoluminescence at the desired wavelengths. This technique shows the potential for building integrated microphotonics with silica via 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiewen Wen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuai Yue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yushun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiyi Fang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Kingsborough RP, Wrobel AT, Kunz RR. Colourimetry for the sensitive detection of vapour-phase chemicals: State of the art and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Smart materials are a kind of functional materials which can sense and response to environmental conditions or stimuli from optical, electrical, magnetic mechanical, thermal, and chemical signals, etc. Patterning of smart materials is the key to achieving large-scale arrays of functional devices. Over the last decades, printing methods including inkjet printing, template-assisted printing, and 3D printing are extensively investigated and utilized in fabricating intelligent micro/nano devices, as printing strategies allow for constructing multidimensional and multimaterial architectures. Great strides in printable smart materials are opening new possibilities for functional devices to better serve human beings, such as wearable sensors, integrated optoelectronics, artificial neurons, and so on. However, there are still many challenges and drawbacks that need to be overcome in order to achieve the controllable modulation between smart materials and device performance. In this review, we give an overview on printable smart materials, printing strategies, and applications of printed functional devices. In addition, the advantages in actual practices of printing smart materials-based devices are discussed, and the current limitations and future opportunities are proposed. This review aims to summarize the recent progress and provide reference for novel smart materials and printing strategies as well as applications of intelligent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road no.19A, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road no.19A, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
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30
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Melzer JE, McLeod E. Assembly of multicomponent structures from hundreds of micron-scale building blocks using optical tweezers. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:45. [PMID: 34567758 PMCID: PMC8433220 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microscale structures is critical for many applications, including strong and lightweight material development, medical device fabrication, microrobotics, and photonic applications. While 3D microfabrication has seen progress over the past decades, complex multicomponent integration with small or hierarchical feature sizes is still a challenge. In this study, an optical positioning and linking (OPAL) platform based on optical tweezers is used to precisely fabricate 3D microstructures from two types of micron-scale building blocks linked by biochemical interactions. A computer-controlled interface with rapid on-the-fly automated recalibration routines maintains accuracy even after placing many building blocks. OPAL achieves a 60-nm positional accuracy by optimizing the molecular functionalization and laser power. A two-component structure consisting of 448 1-µm building blocks is assembled, representing the largest number of building blocks used to date in 3D optical tweezer microassembly. Although optical tweezers have previously been used for microfabrication, those results were generally restricted to single-material structures composed of a relatively small number of larger-sized building blocks, with little discussion of critical process parameters. It is anticipated that OPAL will enable the assembly, augmentation, and repair of microstructures composed of specialty micro/nanomaterial building blocks to be used in new photonic, microfluidic, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E. Melzer
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
| | - Euan McLeod
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
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31
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Gu D, Shi X, Poprawe R, Bourell DL, Setchi R, Zhu J. Material-structure-performance integrated laser-metal additive manufacturing. Science 2021; 372:372/6545/eabg1487. [PMID: 34045326 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Laser-metal additive manufacturing capabilities have advanced from single-material printing to multimaterial/multifunctional design and manufacturing. Material-structure-performance integrated additive manufacturing (MSPI-AM) represents a path toward the integral manufacturing of end-use components with innovative structures and multimaterial layouts to meet the increasing demand from industries such as aviation, aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and energy production. We highlight two methodological ideas for MSPI-AM-"the right materials printed in the right positions" and "unique structures printed for unique functions"-to realize major improvements in performance and function. We establish how cross-scale mechanisms to coordinate nano/microscale material development, mesoscale process monitoring, and macroscale structure and performance control can be used proactively to achieve high performance with multifunctionality. MSPI-AM exemplifies the revolution of design and manufacturing strategies for AM and its technological enhancement and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Laser Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Metallic Components, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Laser Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Metallic Components, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Reinhart Poprawe
- Chair for Laser Technology LLT, RWTH Aachen/Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David L Bourell
- Laboratory for Freeform Fabrication, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rossitza Setchi
- High-Value Manufacturing, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Jihong Zhu
- State IJR Center of Aerospace Design and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, China
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32
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Wang H, Liu LY, Ye P, Huang Z, Ng AYR, Du Z, Dong Z, Tang D, Gan CL. 3D Printing of Transparent Spinel Ceramics with Transmittance Approaching the Theoretical Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007072. [PMID: 33682251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of transparent ceramics has attracted great attention recently but faces the challenges of low transparency and low printing resolution. Herein, magnesium aluminate spinel transparent ceramics with transmittance reaching 97% of the theoretical limit are successfully fabricated using a stereolithography-based 3D printing method assisted by hot isostatic pressing and the critical factors governing the transparency are revealed. Various transparent spinel lenses and microlattices are printed at a high resolution of ≈100-200 µm. The 3D printed spinel lens demonstrates fairly good optical imaging ability, and the printed spinel diamond microlattices as a transparent photocatalyst support for TiO2 significantly enhance its photocatalytic efficiency compared with its opaque counterparts. Compared with other 3D printed transparent materials such as silica glass or organic polymers, the printed spinel ceramics have the advantages of broad optical window, high hardness, excellent high-temperature stability, and chemical resistance and therefore, have great potential to be used in various optical lenses/windows and photocatalyst supports for application in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Li Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Ye
- Creatz3D Pte Ltd., 180 Paya Lebar Road, Singapore, 409032, Singapore
| | - Zhangyi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Andrew Yun Ru Ng
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Zehui Du
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Zhili Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dingyuan Tang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chee Lip Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
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33
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Kotz F, Quick AS, Risch P, Martin T, Hoose T, Thiel M, Helmer D, Rapp BE. Two-Photon Polymerization of Nanocomposites for the Fabrication of Transparent Fused Silica Glass Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006341. [PMID: 33448090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fused silica glass is the material of choice for many high-performance components in optics due to its high optical transparency combined with its high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. Especially, the generation of fused silica microstructures is of high interest for microoptical and biomedical applications. Direct laser writing (DLW) is a suitable technique for generating such devices, as it enables nearly arbitrary structuring down to the sub-micrometer level. In this work, true 3D structuring of transparent fused silica glass using DLW with tens of micrometer resolution and a surface roughness of Ra ≈ 6 nm is demonstrated. The process uses a two-photon curable silica nanocomposite resin that can be structured by DLW, with the printout being convertible to transparent fused silica glass via thermal debinding and sintering. This technology will enable a plethora of applications from next-generation optics and photonics to microfluidic and biomedical applications with resolutions on the scale of tens of micrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Kotz
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander S Quick
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Risch
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Martin
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hoose
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Thiel
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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34
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Yee DW, Greer JR. Three‐dimensional
chemical reactors:
in situ
materials synthesis to advance vat photopolymerization. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daryl W. Yee
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
| | - Julia R. Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
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35
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Bae J, Lee S, Ahn J, Kim JH, Wajahat M, Chang WS, Yoon SY, Kim JT, Seol SK, Pyo J. 3D-Printed Quantum Dot Nanopixels. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10993-11001. [PMID: 32702235 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pixel is the minimum unit used to represent or record information in photonic devices. The size of the pixel determines the density of the integrated information, such as the resolution of displays or cameras. Most methods used to produce display pixels are based on two-dimensional patterning of light-emitting materials. However, the brightness of the pixels is limited when they are miniaturized to nanoscale dimensions owing to their limited volume. Herein, we demonstrate the production of three-dimensional (3D) pixels with nanoscale dimensions based on the 3D printing of quantum dots embedded in polymer nanowires. In particular, a femtoliter meniscus was used to guide the solidification of liquid inks to form vertically freestanding nanopillar structures. Based on the 3D layout, we show high-density integration of color pixels, with a lateral dimension of 620 nm and a pitch of 3 μm for each of the red, green, and blue colors. The 3D structure enabled a 2-fold increase in brightness without significant effects on the spatial resolution of the pixels. In addition, we demonstrate individual control of the brightness based on a simple adjustment of the height of the 3D pixels. This method can be used to achieve super-high-resolution display devices and various photonic applications across a range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongcheon Bae
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhyuck Ahn
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Wajahat
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Chang
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
- Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Pyo
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Republic of Korea
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36
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Lynch N, Monajemi T, Robar JL. Characterization of novel 3D printed plastic scintillation dosimeters. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:055014. [PMID: 33444245 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aba880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new methodology for the fabrication and evaluation of scintillating detector elements using a consumer grade fusion deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. In this study we performed a comprehensive investigation into both the effects of the 3D printing process on the scintillation light output of 3D printed plastic scintillation dosimeters (PSDs) and their associated dosimetric properties. Fabrication properties including print variability, layer thickness, anisotropy and extrusion temperature were assessed for 1 cm3 printed samples. We then examined the stability, dose linearity, dose rate proportionality, energy dependence and reproducibility of the 3D printed PSDs compared to benchmarks set by commercially available products. Experimental results indicate that the shape of the emission spectrum of the 3D printed PSDs do not show significant spectral differences when compared to the emission spectrum of the commercial sample. However, the magnitude of scintillation light output was found to be strongly dependent on the parameters of the fabrication process. Dosimetric testing indicates that the 3D printed PSDs share many desirable properties with current commercially available PSDs such as dose linearity, dose rate independence, energy independence in the MV range, repeatability, and stability. These results demonstrate that not only does 3D printing offer a new avenue for the production and manufacturing of PSDs but also allows for further investigation into the application of 3D printing in dosimetry. Such investigations could include options for 3D printed, patient-specific scintillating dosimeters that may be used as standalone dosimeters or incorporated into existing 3D printed patient devices (e.g. bolus or immobilization) used during the delivery of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lynch
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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37
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Stafford A, Ahn D, Raulerson EK, Chung KY, Sun K, Cadena DM, Forrister EM, Yost SR, Roberts ST, Page ZA. Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Far-Red Light. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14733-14742. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Shinde VS, Kapadnis KH, Sawant CP, Koli PB, Patil RP. Screen Print Fabricated In3+ Decorated Perovskite Lanthanum Chromium Oxide (LaCrO3) Thick Film Sensors for Selective Detection of Volatile Petrol Vapors. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Vyatskikh A, Ng RC, Edwards B, Briggs RM, Greer JR. Additive Manufacturing of High-Refractive-Index, Nanoarchitected Titanium Dioxide for 3D Dielectric Photonic Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3513-3520. [PMID: 32338926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing at small scales enables advances in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, micro-optics, and medical devices. Materials that lend themselves to AM at the nanoscale, especially for optical applications, are limited. State-of-the-art AM processes for high-refractive-index materials typically suffer from high porosity and poor repeatability and require complex experimental procedures. We developed an AM process to fabricate complex 3D architectures out of fully dense titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a refractive index of 2.3 and nanosized critical dimensions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis proves this material to be rutile phase of nanocrystalline TiO2, with an average grain size of 110 nm and <1% porosity. Proof-of-concept woodpile architectures with 300-600 nm beam dimensions exhibit a full photonic band gap centered at 1.8-2.9 μm, as revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and supported by plane wave expansion simulations. The developed AM process enables advances in 3D MEMS, micro-optics, and prototyping of 3D dielectric PhCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vyatskikh
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan C Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bryce Edwards
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan M Briggs
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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40
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Mariani S, Robbiano V, Iglio R, La Mattina AA, Nadimi P, Wang J, Kim B, Kumeria T, Sailor MJ, Barillaro G. Moldless Printing of Silicone Lenses With Embedded Nanostructured Optical Filters. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1906836. [PMID: 32377177 PMCID: PMC7202556 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201906836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical lenses are among the oldest technological innovations (3000 years ago) and they have enabled a multitude of applications in healthcare and in our daily lives. The primary function of optical lenses has changed little over time; they serve mainly as a light-collection (e.g. reflected, transmitted, diffracted) element, and the wavelength and/or intensity of the collected light is usually manipulated by coupling with various external optical filter elements or coatings. This generally results in losses associated with multiple interfacial reflections, and increases the complexity of design and construction. In this work we introduce a change in this paradigm, by integrating both light-shaping and image magnification into a single lens element using a moldless procedure that takes advantage of the physical and optical properties of mesoporous silicon (PSi) photonic crystal nanostructures. Casting of a liquid poly(dimethyl) siloxane (PDMS) pre-polymer solution onto a PSi film generates a droplet with contact angle that is readily controlled by the silicon nanostructure, and adhesion of the cured polymer to the PSi photonic crystal allows preparation of lightweight (10 mg) freestanding lenses (4.7 mm focal length) with an embedded optical component (e.g. optical rugate filter, resonant cavity, distributed Bragg reflector). Our fabrication process shows excellent reliability (yield 95%) and low cost and we expect our lens to have implications in a wide range of applications. As a proof-of-concept, using a single monolithic lens/filter element we demonstrate: fluorescence imaging of isolated human cancer cells with rejection of the blue excitation light, through a lens that is self-adhered to a commercial smartphone; shaping the emission spectrum of a white light emitting diode (LED) to tune the color from red through blue; and selection of a narrow wavelength band (bandwidth 5 nm) from a fluorescent molecular probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mariani
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Italy
| | - Valentina Robbiano
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Italy
| | - Rossella Iglio
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Italy
| | - Antonino A La Mattina
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Italy
| | - Pantea Nadimi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Italy
| | - Joanna Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Byungji Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael J Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122, Italy
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41
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Feng Y, Wang B, Tian Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Fan H, Wang K, Zhang C. Active fluidic chip produced using 3D-printing for combinatorial therapeutic screening on liver tumor spheroid. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 151:111966. [PMID: 31999576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Known for their capabilities in automated fluid manipulation, microfluidic devices integrated with pneumatic valves are broadly used for researches in life science and clinical practice. The application is, however, hindered by the high cost and overly complex fabrication procedure. Here, we present an approach for fabricating molds of active fluidic devices using a benchtop 3D printer and a simple 2-step protocol (i.e. 3D printing and polishing). The entire workflow can be completed within 6 h, costing less than US$ 5 to produce all necessary templates for PDMS replica molding, which have smooth surface and round-shaped pneumatic valve structures. Moreover, 3D printing can create unique bespoke on-off objects of a wide range of dimensions. The millimeter- and centimeter-sized features allow examination of large-scale biological samples. Our results demonstrate that the 3D-printed active fluidic device has valve control capacities on par with those made by photolithography. Controlled nutrients and ligands delivery by on-off active valves allows generation of dynamic signals mimicking the ever-changing environmental stimuli, and combinatorial/sequential drug inputs for therapeutic screening on liver tumor spheroid. We believe that the proposed methodology can pave the way for integration of active fluidic systems in research labs, clinical settings and even household appliances for a broad range of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Feng
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Northwest University, 1 Xue Fu Avenue, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingquan Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Northwest University, 1 Xue Fu Avenue, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yin Tian
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 1 Xue Fu Avenue, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiming Fan
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Northwest University, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 1 Xue Fu Avenue, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Northwest University, 1 Xue Fu Avenue, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, Northwest University, 1 Xue Fu Avenue, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China.
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42
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A compact LED-based projection microstereolithography for producing 3D microstructures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19692. [PMID: 31873101 PMCID: PMC6928235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Projection microstereolithography (PµSL) is a promising additive manufacturing technique due to its low cost, accuracy, speed, and also the diversity of the materials that it can use. Recently it has shown great potentials in various applications such as microfluidics, tissue engineering, micro-optics, biomedical microdevices, and so on. However, studies on PµSL are still ongoing in terms of the quality and accuracy of the construction process, which particularly affect the fabrication of complex 3D microstructures and make it attractive enough to be considered for commercial applications. In this paper, a compact LED-based PµSL 3D printer for the fabrication of 3D microstructures was developed, and the effective parameters that influence the quality of construction were thoroughly investigated and optimized. Accordingly, a customized optical system, including illumination optics and projection optics, was designed using optical engineering principles. This custom 3D printer was proposed for the PµSL process, which besides improving the quality of construction, led to the reduction of the size of the device, its cost-effectiveness, and the repeatability of its performance. To demonstrate the performance of the fabricated device, a variety of complex 3D microstructures such as porous, hollow, helical, and self-support microstructures were constructed. In addition, the repeatability of the device was assessed by fabricating microstructure arrays. The device performance showed that the lateral accuracy of printing was better than 5 μm, and the smallest thickness of the printed layer was 1 μm. Moreover, the maximum printable size of the device was 6.4 mm × 4 mm × 40 mm.
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43
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An HS, Park Y, Kim K, Nam YS, Song MH, Park J. High-Resolution 3D Printing of Freeform, Transparent Displays in Ambient Air. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901603. [PMID: 31832317 PMCID: PMC6891910 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Direct 3D printing technologies to produce 3D optoelectronic architectures have been explored extensively over the last several years. Although commercially available 3D printing techniques are useful for many applications, their limits in printable materials, printing resolutions, or processing temperatures are significant challenges for structural optoelectronics in achieving fully 3D-printed devices on 3D mechanical frames. Herein, the production of active optoelectronic devices with various form factors using a hybrid 3D printing process in ambient air is reported. This hybrid 3D printing system, which combines digital light processing for printing 3D mechanical architectures and a successive electrohydrodynamic jet for directly printing transparent pixels of organic light-emitting diodes at room temperature, can create high-resolution, transparent displays embedded inside arbitrarily shaped, 3D architectures in air. Also, the demonstration of a 3D-printed, eyeglass-type display for a wireless, augmented reality system is an example of another application. These results represent substantial progress in the development of next-generation, freeform optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Seok An
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNano Science Technology InstituteYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Yonsei‐IBS InstituteSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Geun Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNano Science Technology InstituteYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Yonsei‐IBS InstituteSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Kukjoo Kim
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)Daejeon34129Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Nam
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Jang‐Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNano Science Technology InstituteYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Yonsei‐IBS InstituteSeoul03722Republic of Korea
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44
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Chu Y, Fu X, Luo Y, Canning J, Tian Y, Cook K, Zhang J, Peng GD. Silica optical fiber drawn from 3D printed preforms. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:5358-5361. [PMID: 31675013 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silica optical fiber was drawn from a three-dimensional printed preform. Both single mode and multimode fibers are reported. The results demonstrate additive manufacturing of glass optical fibers and its potential to disrupt traditional optical fiber fabrication. It opens up fiber designs for novel applications hitherto not possible.
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45
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Chen M, Yang J, Wang Z, Xu Z, Lee H, Lee H, Zhou Z, Feng SP, Lee S, Pyo J, Seol SK, Ki DK, Kim JT. 3D Nanoprinting of Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904073. [PMID: 31544295 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As competing with the established silicon technology, organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites are continually gaining ground in optoelectronics due to their excellent material properties and low-cost production. The ability to have control over their shape, as well as composition and crystallinity, is indispensable for practical materialization. Many sophisticated nanofabrication methods have been devised to shape perovskites; however, they are still limited to in-plane, low-aspect-ratio, and simple forms. This is in stark contrast with the demands of modern optoelectronics with freeform circuitry and high integration density. Here, a nanoprecision 3D printing is developed for organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites. The method is based on guiding evaporation-induced perovskite crystallization in mid-air using a femtoliter ink meniscus formed on a nanopipette, resulting in freestanding 3D perovskite nanostructures with a preferred crystal orientation. Stretching the ink meniscus with a pulling process enables on-demand control of the nanostructure's diameter and hollowness, leading to an unprecedented tubular-solid transition. With varying the pulling direction, a layer-by-layer stacking of perovskite nanostructures is successfully demonstrated with programmed shapes and positions, a primary step for additive manufacturing. It is expected that the method has the potential to create freeform perovskite nanostructures for customized optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihyuk Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heekwon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hyeonseok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shien-Ping Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Pyo
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51543, Republic of Korea
- Electrical-Functionality Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Ki
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Yuan C, Kowsari K, Panjwani S, Chen Z, Wang D, Zhang B, Ng CJX, Alvarado PVY, Ge Q. Ultrafast Three-Dimensional Printing of Optically Smooth Microlens Arrays by Oscillation-Assisted Digital Light Processing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40662-40668. [PMID: 31589018 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A microlens array has become an important micro-optics device in various applications. Compared with traditional manufacturing approaches, digital light processing (DLP)-based printing enables fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries and is a possible manufacturing approach for microlens arrays. However, the nature of 3D printing objects by stacking successive 2D patterns formed by discrete pixels leads to coarse surface roughness and makes DLP-based printing unsuccessful in fabricating optical components. Here, we report an oscillation-assisted DLP-based printing approach for fabrication of microlens arrays. An optically smooth surface (about 1 nm surface roughness) is achieved by mechanical oscillation that eliminates the jagged surface formed by discrete pixels, and a 1-3 s single grayscale ultraviolet (UV) exposure that removes the staircase effect. Moreover, computationally designed grayscale UV patterns allow us to fabricate microlenses with various profiles. The proposed approach paves a way to 3D print optical components with high quality, fast speed, and vast flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Kavin Kowsari
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Sahil Panjwani
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Zaichun Chen
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Dong Wang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Biao Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Colin Ju-Xiang Ng
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Pablo Valdivia Y Alvarado
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
| | - Qi Ge
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre , Singapore University of Technology and Design , Singapore 487372 , Singapore
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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47
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Wu S, Xu S, Zinenko TL, Yachin VV, Prosvirnin SL, Tuz VR. 3D-printed chiral metasurface as a dichroic dual-band polarization converter. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1056-1059. [PMID: 30768055 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel design of a 3D chiral metasurface behaving as a spatial polarization converter with asymmetric transmission. The metasurface is made of a lattice of metallic one-and-a-half-pitch helical particles. The proposed metasurface exhibits a dual-band asymmetric transmission accompanied by the effect of complete polarization conversion. Regarding circularly polarized waves, the metasurface demonstrates a strong circular dichroism. A prototype of the metasurface is manufactured for the quasi-optic experiment by using a 3D printing technique utilizing a cobalt-chromium alloy, which exhibits good performances against thermal fatigue and corrosion at high temperatures.
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