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Cheng H, Wang Z, Guo Z, Lou J, Han W, Rao J, Peng F. Cellulose-based thermoelectric composites: A review on mechanism, strategies and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:132908. [PMID: 38942663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for energy and environmental concerns have driven scientists to look for renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Bio-based thermoelectric (TE) composite materials provide a promising solution to alleviate the global energy crisis due to their direct conversion of heat to electricity. Cellulose, the most abundant bio-polymer on earth with fascinating structure and desirable physicochemical properties, provides an excellent alternative matrix for TE materials. Here, recent studies on cellulose-based TE composites are comprehensively summarized. The fundamentals of TE materials, including TE effects, TE devices, and evaluation on conversion efficiency of TE materials are briefly introduced at the beginning. Then, the state-of-the-art methods for constructing cellulose-based TE composites in the forms of paper/film, aerogel, liquid, and hydrogel, are highlighted. TE performances of these composites are also compared. Following that, applications of cellulose-based TE composites in the fields of energy storage (e.g., supercapacitors) and sensing (e.g., self-powered sensors) are presented. Finally, opportunities and challenges that need investigation toward further development of cellulose-based TE composites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Cheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zejiang Guo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Wang K, Tieu AJK, Wu H, Shen F, Han X, Adams S. Oriented Structures for High Safety, Rate Capability, and Energy Density Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403797. [PMID: 38981016 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have emerged in recent years as highly promising candidates for high-density energy storage systems. Despite their immense potential, mutual constraints arise when optimizing energy density, rate capability, and operational safety, which greatly hinder the commercialization of LMBs. The utilization of oriented structures in LMBs appears as a promising strategy to address three key performance barriers: 1) low efficiency of active material utilization at high surface loading, 2) easy formation of Li dendrites and damage to interfaces under high-rate cycling, and 3) low ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes in high safety LMBs. This review aims to holistically introduce the concept of oriented structures, provide criteria for quantifying the degree of orientation, and elucidate their systematic effects on the properties of materials and devices. Furthermore, a detailed categorization of oriented structures is proposed to offer more precise guidance for the design of LMBs. This review also provides a comprehensive summary of preparation techniques for oriented structures and delves into the mechanisms by which these can enhance the energy density, rate capability, and safety of LMBs. Finally, potential applications of oriented structures in LMBs and the crucial challenges that need to be addressed in this field are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Aaron Jue Kang Tieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Haowen Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaogang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Stefan Adams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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Xu C, Chen J, Zhu Z, Liu M, Lan R, Chen X, Tang W, Zhang Y, Li H. Flexible Pressure Sensors in Human-Machine Interface Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306655. [PMID: 38009791 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors are highly flexible, malleable, and capable of adapting todifferent shapes, surfaces, and environments, which opens a wide range ofpotential applications in the field of human-machine interface (HMI). Inparticular, flexible pressure sensors as a crucial member of the flexiblesensor family, are widely used in wearable devices, health monitoringinstruments, robots and other fields because they can achieve accuratemeasurement and convert the pressure into electrical signals. The mostintuitive feeling that flexible sensors bring to people is the change ofhuman-machine interface interaction, from the previous rigid interaction suchas keyboard and mouse to flexible interaction such as smart gloves, more inline with people's natural control habits. Many advanced flexible pressuresensors have emerged through extensive research and development, and to adaptto various fields of application. Researchers have been seeking to enhanceperformance of flexible pressure sensors through improving materials, sensingmechanisms, fabrication methods, and microstructures. This paper reviews the flexible pressure sensors in HMI in recent years, mainlyincluding the following aspects: current cutting-edge flexible pressuresensors; sensing mechanisms, substrate materials and active materials; sensorfabrication, performances, and their optimization methods; the flexiblepressure sensors for various HMI applications and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Xu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhengfang Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Moran Liu
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ronghua Lan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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4
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Lee JH, Cho K, Kim JK. Age of Flexible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Soft Multifunctional Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310505. [PMID: 38258951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With the commercialization of first-generation flexible mobiles and displays in the late 2010s, humanity has stepped into the age of flexible electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components of next-generation flexible electronics, have attracted tremendous research interest like never before. This review is dedicated to offering an overview of the latest emerging trends in soft multifunctional sensors and their accordant future research and development (R&D) directions for the coming decade. First, key characteristics and the predominant target stimuli for soft multifunctional sensors are highlighted. Second, important selection criteria for soft multifunctional sensors are introduced. Next, emerging materials/structures and trends for soft multifunctional sensors are identified. Specifically, the future R&D directions of these sensors are envisaged based on their emerging trends, namely i) decoupling of multiple stimuli, ii) data processing, iii) skin conformability, and iv) energy sources. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for these sensors in future are discussed, offering new insights into prospects in the fast-emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Li H, Ding Z, Zhou Q, Chen J, Liu Z, Du C, Liang L, Chen G. Harness High-Temperature Thermal Energy via Elastic Thermoelectric Aerogels. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38466453 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite notable progress in thermoelectric (TE) materials and devices, developing TE aerogels with high-temperature resistance, superior TE performance and excellent elasticity to enable self-powered high-temperature monitoring/warning in industrial and wearable applications remains a great challenge. Herein, a highly elastic, flame-retardant and high-temperature-resistant TE aerogel, made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/single-walled carbon nanotube (PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT) composites, has been fabricated, displaying attractive compression-induced power factor enhancement. The as-fabricated sensors with the aerogel can achieve accurately pressure stimuli detection and wide temperature range monitoring. Subsequently, a flexible TE generator is assembled, consisting of 25 aerogels connected in series, capable of delivering a maximum output power of 400 μW when subjected to a temperature difference of 300 K. This demonstrates its outstanding high-temperature heat harvesting capability and promising application prospects for real-time temperature monitoring on industrial high-temperature pipelines. Moreover, the designed self-powered wearable sensing glove can realize precise wide-range temperature detection, high-temperature warning and accurate recognition of human hand gestures. The aerogel-based intelligent wearable sensing system developed for firefighters demonstrates the desired self-powered and highly sensitive high-temperature fire warning capability. Benefitting from these desirable properties, the elastic and high-temperature-resistant aerogels present various promising applications including self-powered high-temperature monitoring, industrial overheat warning, waste heat energy recycling and even wearable healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiong Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofu Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Bianki MA, Guertin R, Lemieux-Leduc C, Peter YA. Temperature Sensitivity Control of an Inkjet-Printed Optical Resonator on Pillar. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5067-5074. [PMID: 38231197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a whispering gallery mode resonator on a pillar using inkjet printing combined with traditional microfabrication techniques. This approach enables several different polymers on the same chip for sensing applications. However, polymers inherently exhibit sensitivity to multiple stimuli. To mitigate temperature sensitivity, careful selection of design parameters is crucial. By precisely tuning the undercut-to-radius ratio of the resonator, a linear dependence in temperature sensitivity ranging from -41.5 pm/°C to 23.4 pm/°C, with a zero-crossing point at 47.6% is achieved. Consequently, it is feasible to fabricate sensing devices based on undercut microdroplets with minimal temperature sensitivity. The lowest measured temperature sensitivity obtained was 5.9 pm/°C, for a resonator with an undercut-to-radius ratio of 53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Bianki
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Régis Guertin
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Cédric Lemieux-Leduc
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yves-Alain Peter
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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7
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Oikonomou VK, Huerta M, Sandéhn A, Dreier T, Daguerre Y, Lim H, Berggren M, Pavlopoulou E, Näsholm T, Bech M, Stavrinidou E. eSoil: A low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that enhances crop seedling growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304135120. [PMID: 38147542 PMCID: PMC10786271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304135120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Active hydroponic substrates that stimulate on demand the plant growth have not been demonstrated so far. Here, we developed the eSoil, a low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that can provide electrical stimulation to the plants' root system and growth environment in hydroponics settings. eSoil's active material is an organic mixed ionic electronic conductor while its main structural component is cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer. We demonstrate that barley seedlings that are widely used for fodder grow within the eSoil with the root system integrated within its porous matrix. Simply by polarizing the eSoil, seedling growth is accelerated resulting in increase of dry weight on average by 50% after 15 d of growth. The effect is evident both on root and shoot development and occurs during the growth period after the stimulation. The stimulated plants reduce and assimilate NO3- more efficiently than controls, a finding that may have implications on minimizing fertilizer use. However, more studies are required to provide a mechanistic understanding of the physical and biological processes involved. eSoil opens the pathway for the development of active hydroponic scaffolds that may increase crop yield in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios K. Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Sandéhn
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Till Dreier
- Department for Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22242Lund, Sweden
- Excillum AB, SE-16440Kista, Sweden
| | - Yohann Daguerre
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hyungwoo Lim
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Bech
- Department for Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22242Lund, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Kuang C, Chen S, Luo M, Zhang Q, Sun X, Han S, Wang Q, Stanishev V, Darakchieva V, Crispin R, Fahlman M, Zhao D, Wen Q, Jonsson MP. Switchable Broadband Terahertz Absorbers Based on Conducting Polymer-Cellulose Aerogels. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305898. [PMID: 37997181 PMCID: PMC10797431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technologies provide opportunities ranging from calibration targets for satellites and telescopes to communication devices and biomedical imaging systems. A main component will be broadband THz absorbers with switchability. However, optically switchable materials in THz are scarce and their modulation is mostly available at narrow bandwidths. Realizing materials with large and broadband modulation in absorption or transmission forms a critical challenge. This study demonstrates that conducting polymer-cellulose aerogels can provide modulation of broadband THz light with large modulation range from ≈ 13% to 91% absolute transmission, while maintaining specular reflection loss < -30 dB. The exceptional THz modulation is associated with the anomalous optical conductivity peak of conducting polymers, which enhances the absorption in its oxidized state. The study also demonstrates the possibility to reduce the surface hydrophilicity by simple chemical modifications, and shows that broadband absorption of the aerogels at optical frequencies enables de-frosting by solar-induced heating. These low-cost, aqueous solution-processable, sustainable, and bio-friendly aerogels may find use in next-generation intelligent THz devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Kuang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Shangzhi Chen
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Min Luo
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610 054P. R. China
| | - Qilun Zhang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610 054P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Han
- School of Textile Material and EngineeringWuyi University22 DongchengcunJiangmenGuangdong529 020P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Vallery Stanishev
- Terahertz Materials Analysis Center (THeMAC) and Center for III‐N Technology, C3NiT‐Janzèn, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSE‐581 83Sweden
- Solid State Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityLundSE‐221 00Sweden
| | - Vanya Darakchieva
- Terahertz Materials Analysis Center (THeMAC) and Center for III‐N Technology, C3NiT‐Janzèn, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköpingSE‐581 83Sweden
- Solid State Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityLundSE‐221 00Sweden
| | - Reverant Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Dan Zhao
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
| | - Qiye Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan610 054P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou)University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhouZhejiang313 001P. R. China
| | - Magnus P. Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN)Linköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterLinköping UniversityNorrköpingSE‐601 74Sweden
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS)Wallenberg Research Center at Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa
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9
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Lopez-Larrea N, Gallastegui A, Lezama L, Criado-Gonzalez M, Casado N, Mecerreyes D. Fast Visible-Light 3D Printing of Conductive PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300229. [PMID: 37357826 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional inks for light-based 3D printing are actively being searched for being able to exploit all the potentialities of additive manufacturing. Herein, a fast visible-light photopolymerization process is showed of conductive PEDOT:PSS hydrogels. For this purpose, a new Type II photoinitiator system (PIS) based on riboflavin (Rf), triethanolamine (TEA), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is investigated for the visible light photopolymerization of acrylic monomers. PEDOT:PSS has a dual role by accelerating the photoinitiation process and providing conductivity to the obtained hydrogels. Using this PIS, full monomer conversion is achieved in less than 2 min using visible light. First, the PIS mechanism is studied, proposing that electron transfer between the triplet excited state of the dye (3 Rf*) and the amine (TEA) is catalyzed by PEDOT:PSS. Second, a series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)/PEDOT:PSS hydrogels with different compositions are obtained by photopolymerization. The presence of PEDOT:PSS negatively influences the swelling properties of hydrogels, but significantly increases its mechanical modulus and electrical properties. The new PIS is also tested for 3D printing in a commercially available Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer (405 nm wavelength), obtaining high resolution and 500 µm hole size conductive scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Lopez-Larrea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Antonela Gallastegui
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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10
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Choi SG, Kang SH, Lee JY, Park JH, Kang SK. Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1335188. [PMID: 38162187 PMCID: PMC10757853 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Huang L, Hu Q, Gao S, Liu W, Wei X. Recent progress and applications of cellulose and its derivatives-based humidity sensors: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121139. [PMID: 37479446 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and its derivatives, which are low-cost, degradable, reproducible and highly hydrophilic, can serve as both substrate and humidity sensitive materials, making them more and more popular as ideal biomimetic materials for humidity sensors. Benefiting from these characteristics, cellulose-based humidity sensors cannot only exhibit high sensitivity, excellent mechanical performance, wide humidity response range, etc., but also can be applied to fields such as human health, medical care and agricultural product safety monitoring. Herein, cellulose-based humidity sensors are first classified according to the different conductive active materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, electrolytes, metal compounds, and polymer materials, based on which the latest research progress is introduced, and the roles of different types of conductive materials in cellulose-based humidity sensors are analyzed and summarized. Besides, the similarities and differences in their working mechanisms are expounded. Finally, the application scenarios of cellulose-based humidity sensors in human movement respiration and skin surface humidity monitoring are discussed, which can make readers quickly familiarize the current preparation method, working mechanism and subsequent development trend of cellulose-based humidity sensors more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qichang Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Sensoring Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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12
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Gao FL, Liu J, Li XP, Ma Q, Zhang T, Yu ZZ, Shang J, Li RW, Li X. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Multifunctional Tactile Sensors for Precisely Detecting and Distinguishing Temperature and Pressure Stimuli. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16036-16047. [PMID: 37577988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Although skin-like sensors that can simultaneously detect various physical stimuli are of fair importance in cutting-edge human-machine interaction, robotic, and healthcare applications, they still face challenges in facile, scalable, and cost-effective production using conventional active materials. The emerging two-dimensional transition metal carbide, Ti3C2Tx MXene, integrated with favorable thermoelectric properties, metallic-like conductivity, and a hydrophilic surface, is promising for solving these problems. Herein, skin-like multifunctional sensors are designed to precisely detect and distinguish temperature and pressure stimuli without cross-talk by decorating elastic and porous substrates with MXene sheets. Because the combination of the thermoelectric and conductive MXene with the thermally insulating, elastic, and porous substrate integrates efficient Seebeck and piezoresistive effects, the resultant sensor exhibits not only an ultralow detection limit (0.05 K), high signal-to-noise ratio, and excellent cycling stability for temperature detection but also high sensitivity, fast response time, and outstanding durability for pressure detection. Based on the impressive dual-mode sensing properties and independent temperature and pressure detections, a multimode input terminal and an electronic skin are created, exhibiting great potential in robotic and human-machine interaction applications. This work provides a scalable fabrication of multifunctional tactile sensors for precisely detecting and distinguishing temperature and pressure stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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13
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Ye Y, Yu L, Lizundia E, Zhu Y, Chen C, Jiang F. Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9204-9264. [PMID: 37419504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and largely determine the function and performance of these devices. In the pursuit of developing ICs required for better performing and sustainable devices, cellulose appears as an attractive and promising building block due to its high abundance, renewability, striking mechanical strength, and other functional features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary regarding ICs fabricated from cellulose and cellulose-derived materials in terms of fundamental structural features of cellulose, the materials design and fabrication techniques for engineering, main properties and characterization, and diverse applications. Next, the potential of cellulose-based ICs to relieve the increasing concern about electronic waste within the frame of circularity and environmental sustainability and the future directions to be explored for advancing this field are discussed. Overall, we hope this review can provide a comprehensive summary and unique perspectives on the design and application of advanced cellulose-based ICs and thereby encourage the utilization of cellulosic materials toward sustainable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Le Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials Lab, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chaoji Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Wang S, Wang X, Wang Q, Ma S, Xiao J, Liu H, Pan J, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Flexible Optoelectronic Multimodal Proximity/Pressure/Temperature Sensors with Low Signal Interference. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304701. [PMID: 37532248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal tactile sensors are a crucial part of intelligent human-machine interaction and collaboration. Simultaneous detection of proximity, pressure, and temperature on a single sensor can greatly promote the safety, interactivity, and compactness of interaction systems. However, severe signal interference and complex decoupling algorithms hinder the actual applications. Here, this work reports a flexible optoelectronic multimodal sensor capable of detecting and decoupling proximity/pressure/temperature by integrating a light waveguide and an interdigital electrode (IDE) into a compact fibrous sensor. Negligible signal interference is realized by combining heterogeneous sensing mechanisms of optics and electronics, which encodes proximity into capacitance, pressure into light intensity and temperature into resistance. The sensor exhibits a large sensing distance of 225 mm with fast responses for proximity detection, a pressure sensitivity of 0.42 N-1 , and a temperature sensitivity of 7% °C-1 . As a proof of concept, a doll equipped with the sensor can accurately discriminate and detect various stimuli, thus achieving safe and immersive interactions with the user. This work opens up promising paths for self-decoupled multimodal sensors and related human/machine/environment interaction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Shuqi Ma
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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15
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Yu H, Li H, Sun X, Pan L. Biomimetic Flexible Sensors and Their Applications in Human Health Detection. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:293. [PMID: 37504181 PMCID: PMC10807369 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bionic flexible sensors are a new type of biosensor with high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reliability to achieve detection in complex natural and physiological environments. They provide efficient, energy-saving and convenient applications in medical monitoring and diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and detection and identification. Combining sensor devices with flexible substrates to imitate flexible structures in living organisms, thus enabling the detection of various physiological signals, has become a hot topic of interest. In the field of human health detection, the application of bionic flexible sensors is flourishing and will evolve into patient-centric diagnosis and treatment in the future of healthcare. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of bionic flexible devices for human health detection applications and a comprehensive summary of the research progress and potential of flexible sensors. First, we evaluate the working mechanisms of different classes of bionic flexible sensors, describing the selection and fabrication of bionic flexible materials and their excellent electrochemical properties; then, we introduce some interesting applications for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals according to more segmented health fields (e.g., medical diagnosis, rehabilitation assistance, and sports monitoring). We conclude with a summary of the advantages of current results and the challenges and possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xidi Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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16
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Vural M, Mohammadi M, Seufert L, Han S, Crispin X, Fridberger A, Berggren M, Tybrandt K. Soft Electromagnetic Vibrotactile Actuators with Integrated Vibration Amplitude Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37327497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soft vibrotactile devices have the potential to expand the functionality of emerging electronic skin technologies. However, those devices often lack the necessary overall performance, sensing-actuation feedback and control, and mechanical compliance for seamless integration on the skin. Here, we present soft haptic electromagnetic actuators that consist of intrinsically stretchable conductors, pressure-sensitive conductive foams, and soft magnetic composites. To minimize joule heating, high-performance stretchable composite conductors are developed based on in situ-grown silver nanoparticles formed within the silver flake framework. The conductors are laser-patterned to form soft and densely packed coils to further minimize heating. Soft pressure-sensitive conducting polymer-cellulose foams are developed and integrated to tune the resonance frequency and to provide internal resonator amplitude sensing in the resonators. The above components together with a soft magnet are assembled into soft vibrotactile devices providing high-performance actuation combined with amplitude sensing. We believe that soft haptic devices will be an essential component in future developments of multifunctional electronic skin for future human-computer and human-robotic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Vural
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Laura Seufert
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Shaobo Han
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Fridberger
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, ITN, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
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17
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Teng CP, Tan MY, Toh JPW, Lim QF, Wang X, Ponsford D, Lin EMJ, Thitsartarn W, Tee SY. Advances in Cellulose-Based Composites for Energy Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103856. [PMID: 37241483 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The various forms of cellulose-based materials possess high mechanical and thermal stabilities, as well as three-dimensional open network structures with high aspect ratios capable of incorporating other materials to produce composites for a wide range of applications. Being the most prevalent natural biopolymer on the Earth, cellulose has been used as a renewable replacement for many plastic and metal substrates, in order to diminish pollutant residues in the environment. As a result, the design and development of green technological applications of cellulose and its derivatives has become a key principle of ecological sustainability. Recently, cellulose-based mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and three-dimensional networks have been developed for use as substrates in which conductive materials can be loaded for a wide range of energy conversion and energy conservation applications. The present article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the preparation of cellulose-based composites synthesized by combining metal/semiconductor nanoparticles, organic polymers, and metal-organic frameworks with cellulose. To begin, a brief review of cellulosic materials is given, with emphasis on their properties and processing methods. Further sections focus on the integration of cellulose-based flexible substrates or three-dimensional structures into energy conversion devices, such as photovoltaic solar cells, triboelectric generators, piezoelectric generators, thermoelectric generators, as well as sensors. The review also highlights the uses of cellulose-based composites in the separators, electrolytes, binders, and electrodes of energy conservation devices such as lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the use of cellulose-based electrodes in water splitting for hydrogen generation is discussed. In the final section, we propose the underlying challenges and outlook for the field of cellulose-based composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Peng Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Yan Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jessica Pei Wen Toh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qi Feng Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ponsford
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Esther Marie JieRong Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Warintorn Thitsartarn
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Si Yin Tee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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18
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Yu T, Tao Y, Wu Y, Zhang D, Yang J, Ge G. Heterogeneous Multi-Material Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor with High Sensitivity and Wide Measurement Range. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:716. [PMID: 37420949 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive sensors (FPSs) have the advantages of compact structure, convenient signal acquisition and fast dynamic response; they are widely used in motion detection, wearable electronic devices and electronic skins. FPSs accomplish the measurement of stresses through piezoresistive material (PM). However, FPSs based on a single PM cannot achieve high sensitivity and wide measurement range simultaneously. To solve this problem, a heterogeneous multi-material flexible piezoresistive sensor (HMFPS) with high sensitivity and a wide measurement range is proposed. The HMFPS consists of a graphene foam (GF), a PDMS layer and an interdigital electrode. Among them, the GF serves as a sensing layer, providing high sensitivity, and the PDMS serves as a supporting layer, providing a large measurement range. The influence and principle of the heterogeneous multi-material (HM) on the piezoresistivity were investigated by comparing the three HMFPS with different sizes. The HM proved to be an effective way to produce flexible sensors with high sensitivity and a wide measurement range. The HMFPS-10 has a sensitivity of 0.695 kPa-1, a measurement range of 0-14,122 kPa, fast response/recovery (83 ms and 166 ms) and excellent stability (2000 cycles). In addition, the potential application of the HMFPS-10 in human motion monitoring was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yebo Tao
- Intelligent Manufacturing College, Jiaxing Vocational & Technical College, Jiaxing 314036, China
| | - Yali Wu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dongguang Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Gang Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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19
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Dong Q, Zhang X, Qian J, He S, Mao Y, Brozena AH, Zhang Y, Pollard TP, Borodin OA, Wang Y, Chava BS, Das S, Zavalij P, Segre CU, Zhu D, Xu L, Liang Y, Yao Y, Briber RM, Li T, Hu L. A cellulose-derived supramolecule for fast ion transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd2031. [PMID: 36490337 PMCID: PMC9733924 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular frameworks have been widely synthesized for ion transport applications. However, conventional approaches of constructing ion transport pathways in supramolecular frameworks typically require complex processes and display poor scalability, high cost, and limited sustainability. Here, we report the scalable and cost-effective synthesis of an ion-conducting (e.g., Na+) cellulose-derived supramolecule (Na-CS) that features a three-dimensional, hierarchical, and crystalline structure composed of massively aligned, one-dimensional, and ångström-scale open channels. Using wood-based Na-CS as a model material, we achieve high ionic conductivities (e.g., 0.23 S/cm in 20 wt% NaOH at 25 °C) even with a highly dense microstructure, in stark contrast to conventional membranes that typically rely on large pores (e.g., submicrometers to a few micrometers) to obtain comparable ionic conductivities. This synthesis approach can be universally applied to a variety of cellulose materials beyond wood, including cotton textiles, fibers, paper, and ink, which suggests excellent potential for a number of applications such as ion-conductive membranes, ionic cables, and ionotronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ji Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shuaiming He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20783, USA
| | - Alexandra H. Brozena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Travis P. Pollard
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Oleg A. Borodin
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Yanbin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bhargav Sai Chava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peter Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Carlo U. Segre
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation (CSRRI), Illinois Institute of Technology, Physics Department, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Dongyang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yanliang Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Robert M. Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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20
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Yang C, Wang H, Yang J, Yao H, He T, Bai J, Guang T, Cheng H, Yan J, Qu L. A Machine-Learning-Enhanced Simultaneous and Multimodal Sensor Based on Moist-Electric Powered Graphene Oxide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205249. [PMID: 36007144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous multimodal monitoring can greatly perceive intricately multiple stimuli, which is important for the understanding and development of a future human-machine fusion world. However, the integrated multisensor networks with cumbersome structure, huge power consumption, and complex preparation process have heavily restricted practical applications. Herein, a graphene oxide single-component multimodal sensor (GO-MS) is developed, which enables simultaneous monitoring of multiple environmental stimuli by a single unit with unique moist-electric self-power supply. This GO-MS can generate a sustainable moist-electric potential by spontaneously adsorbing water molecules in air, which has a characteristic response behavior when exposed to different stimuli. As a result, the simultaneous monitoring and decoupling of the changes of temperature, humidity, pressure, and light intensity are achieved by this single GO-MS with machine-learning (ML) assistance. Of practical importance, a moist-electric-powered human-machine interaction wristband based on GO-MS is constructed to monitor pulse signals, body temperature, and sweating in a multidimensional manner, as well as gestures and sign language commanding communication. This ML-empowered moist-electric GO-MS provides a new platform for the development of self-powered single-component multimodal sensors, showing great potential for applications in the fields of health detection, artificial electronic skin, and the Internet-of-Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Tsien Excellence in Engineering Program, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Houze Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tiancheng He
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tianlei Guang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huhu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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21
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Gao XZ, Gao FL, Liu J, Li Y, Wan P, Yu ZZ, Li X. Self-Powered Resilient Porous Sensors with Thermoelectric Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) and Carbon Nanotubes for Sensitive Temperature and Pressure Dual-Mode Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43783-43791. [PMID: 36112650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Portable and wearable dual-mode sensors that can simultaneously detect multiple stimuli are essential for emerging artificial intelligence applications, and most efforts are devoted to exploring pressure-sensing devices. It is still challenging to integrate temperature and pressure-sensing functions into one sensor without the requirement for complex decoupling processes. Herein, we develop a self-powered and multifunctional dual-mode sensor by dip-coating melamine sponge with both poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). By integrating thermoelectric and conductive PEDOT:PSS/CNT components with the hydrophilic and resilient porous sponge, the resultant sensor is efficient in independently detecting temperature and pressure changes. The temperature and pressure stimuli can be independently converted to voltage and electrical resistance signals on the basis of the Seebeck and piezoresistive effects, respectively. The sensor exhibits a high Seebeck coefficient of 35.9 μV K-1 with a minimum temperature detection limit of 0.4 K and a pressure sensitivity of -3.35% kPa-1 with a minimum pressure detection limit of 4 Pa. Interestingly, the sensor can also be self-powered upon illumination. These multi-functionalities make the sensor a promising tool for applications in electronic skin, soft robots, solar energy conversion, and personal health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Zhi Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fu-Lin Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
| | - Yongji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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22
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Zhu P, Wei Y, Kuang Y, Qian Y, Liu Y, Jiang F, Chen G. Porous and conductive cellulose nanofiber/carbon nanotube foam as a humidity sensor with high sensitivity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119684. [PMID: 35725212 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a humidity sensor with high sensitivity based on cellulose nanofiber/carbon nanotube (CNF/CNT) hybrid foam. The porous structure of the foam not only provides more contact interface for water molecules adsorption, but also tunes the conductivity of the CCF closed to the point where the sensor is most sensitive to the change in humidity. With this porous structural design, the obtained foam sensor shows a high humidity sensitivity of 87.3% (ΔI/I0, and the response limit is 100%), excellent linearity (R2 = 0.996) within the humidity range from 29 to 95% relative humidity (RH), and good long-time stability (more than two months). Furthermore, the water vapor adsorption behavior of the CNF/CNT foam sensor can be well described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Finally, a simple humidity measuring device based on the CNF/CNT foam is presented, which can find good applications for human breath and fingertip humidity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty Paper and Paper-based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty Paper and Paper-based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yudi Kuang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yangyang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty Paper and Paper-based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty Paper and Paper-based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty Paper and Paper-based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China
| | - Yannan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China
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24
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Yang R, Zhang W, Tiwari N, Yan H, Li T, Cheng H. Multimodal Sensors with Decoupled Sensing Mechanisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202470. [PMID: 35835946 PMCID: PMC9475538 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and multimodal sensors have recently emerged for a wide range of applications, including epidermal electronics, robotics, health-monitoring devices and human-machine interfaces. However, cross-sensitivity prevents accurate measurements of the target input signals when a multiple of them are simultaneously present. Therefore, the selection of the multifunctional materials and the design of the sensor structures play a significant role in multimodal sensors with decoupled sensing mechanisms. Hence, this review article introduces varying methods to decouple different input signals for realizing truly multimodal sensors. Early efforts explore different outputs to distinguish the corresponding input signals applied to the sensor in sequence. Next, this study discusses the methods for the suppression of the interference, signal correction, and various decoupling strategies based on different outputs to simultaneously detect multiple inputs. The recent insights into the materials' properties, structure effects, and sensing mechanisms in recognition of different input signals are highlighted. The presence of the various decoupling methods also helps avoid the use of complicated signal processing steps and allows multimodal sensors with high accuracy for applications in bioelectronics, robotics, and human-machine interfaces. Finally, current challenges and potential opportunities are discussed in order to motivate future technological breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Yang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401P. R. China
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Han Yan
- School of Mechanical EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401P. R. China
| | - Tiejun Li
- School of Mechanical EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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25
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Brooke R, Lay M, Jain K, Francon H, Say MG, Belaineh D, Wang X, Håkansson KMO, Wågberg L, Engquist I, Edberg J, Berggren M. Nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS composites and their applications. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brooke
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Makara Lay
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- INM- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karishma Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Francon
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehmet Girayhan Say
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dagmawi Belaineh
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xin Wang
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isak Engquist
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jesper Edberg
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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26
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Lu Y, Yang G, Shen Y, Yang H, Xu K. Multifunctional Flexible Humidity Sensor Systems Towards Noncontact Wearable Electronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:150. [PMID: 35869398 PMCID: PMC9307709 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the global industry and research attentions on intelligent skin-like electronics have boosted their applications in diverse fields including human healthcare, Internet of Things, human-machine interfaces, artificial intelligence and soft robotics. Among them, flexible humidity sensors play a vital role in noncontact measurements relying on the unique property of rapid response to humidity change. This work presents an overview of recent advances in flexible humidity sensors using various active functional materials for contactless monitoring. Four categories of humidity sensors are highlighted based on resistive, capacitive, impedance-type and voltage-type working mechanisms. Furthermore, typical strategies including chemical doping, structural design and Joule heating are introduced to enhance the performance of humidity sensors. Drawing on the noncontact perception capability, human/plant healthcare management, human-machine interactions as well as integrated humidity sensor-based feedback systems are presented. The burgeoning innovations in this research field will benefit human society, especially during the COVID-19 epidemic, where cross-infection should be averted and contactless sensation is highly desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Qiao H, Li M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Progress, Challenge and Perspective of Fabricating Cellulose. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200208. [PMID: 35809256 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose as the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, presents appealing performance in mechanical properties, thermal management, and versatile functionalization. The development of fabrication methods closely relates to enrich its functionality and reduce manufacture cost. However, cellulose is hard to be dissolved by most common solvents or melt due to its recalcitrant property. Herein, the recent progress of fabricating cellulose is summarized. First, the unique hierarchical structure of cellulose is fully investigated and the resulted processability is highlighted in directions of down to nanocellulose, dissolution, and thermoplastic processing. Then, the reported fabrication methods are summarized in three aspects: (1) self-assembly from nano/micro cellulose suspensions, especially the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals; (2) dissolution-regeneration-drying, covering spinning and solvent infusion processing; and (3) thermoplastic processing, focusing on analysis of the setup and the morphology changes of the prepared products. In each aspect, the flowchart of the fabrication process, the behind mechanism, fabricated products, and effects of processing parameters are explored. Finally, this review provides a perspective on the further direction of fabricating cellulose, especially the challenges toward mass production of cellulose. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Qiao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Maoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chuanyang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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28
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Wu J, Fan X, Liu X, Ji X, Shi X, Wu W, Yue Z, Liang J. Highly Sensitive Temperature-Pressure Bimodal Aerogel with Stimulus Discriminability for Human Physiological Monitoring. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4459-4467. [PMID: 35608193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal sensor with high sensitivity, accurate sensing resolution, and stimuli discriminability is very desirable for human physiological state monitoring. A dual-sensing aerogel is fabricated with independent pyro-piezoresistive behavior by leveraging MXene and semicrystalline polymer to assemble shrinkable nanochannel structures inside multilevel cellular walls of aerogel for discriminable temperature and pressure sensing. The shrinkable nanochannels, controlled by the melt flow-triggered volume change of semicrystalline polymer, act as thermoresponsive conductive channels to endow the pyroresistive aerogel with negative temperature coefficient of resistance of -10.0% °C-1 and high accuracy within 0.2 °C in human physiological temperature range of 30-40 °C. The flexible cellular walls, working as pressure-responsive conductive channels, enable the piezoresistive aerogel to exhibit a pressure sensitivity up to 777 kPa-1 with a detectable pressure limit of 0.05 Pa. The pyro-piezoresistive aerogel can detect the temperature-dependent characteristics of pulse pressure waveforms from artery vessels under different human body temperature states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangqian Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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29
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Cai C, Wen C, Zhao W, Tian S, Long Y, Zhang X, Sui X, Zhang L, Yang J. Environment-Resistant Organohydrogel-Based Sensor Enables Highly Sensitive Strain, Temperature, and Humidity Responses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23692-23700. [PMID: 35536163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have been extensively used in wearable skin sensors owing to their outstanding flexibility, tissuelike compliance, and biocompatibility. However, the dehydration and embrittlement of hydrogels can result in sensitivity loss or even invalidation, restraining their wearable applications in external environments, especially at low temperatures and in arid environments. Herein, an environment-resistant organohydrogel is developed for multifunctional sensors. A double-network organohydrogel based on hyaluronic acid and poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) is developed, and glycerol is introduced into the organohydrogel network via a solvent displacement strategy. Owing to the water-locking effects of glycerol and tough polymeric backbone, the resultant organohydrogel not only exhibits stable tensibility but also maintains excellent flexibility and stable conductivity with the environment-resistant properties, including freezing resistance against -30 °C and moisture retention at 4% relative humidity in a high temperature of 60 °C. Moreover, a series of organohydrogel-based sensors and an array device are developed to achieve highly sensitive strain, temperature, and humidity responses and exhibit a high gauge factor of 10.79 in the strain-sensitive test. This work develops a universal ionic skin based on organohydrogels to be applied to wearable sensors for health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Cai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Chiyu Wen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Shu Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - You Long
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Xiaojie Sui
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
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30
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Lan L, Ping J, Xiong J, Ying Y. Sustainable Natural Bio-Origin Materials for Future Flexible Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200560. [PMID: 35322600 PMCID: PMC9130888 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible devices serve as important intelligent interfaces in various applications involving health monitoring, biomedical therapies, and human-machine interfacing. To address the concern of electronic waste caused by the increasing usage of electronic devices based on synthetic polymers, bio-origin materials that possess environmental benignity as well as sustainability offer new opportunities for constructing flexible electronic devices with higher safety and environmental adaptivity. Herein, the bio-source and unique molecular structures of various types of natural bio-origin materials are briefly introduced. Their properties and processing technologies are systematically summarized. Then, the recent progress of these materials for constructing emerging intelligent flexible electronic devices including energy harvesters, energy storage devices, and sensors are introduced. Furthermore, the applications of these flexible electronic devices including biomedical implants, artificial e-skin, and environmental monitoring are summarized. Finally, future challenges and prospects for developing high-performance bio-origin material-based flexible devices are discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic summary of the latest advances in the natural bio-origin material-based flexible devices, which is expected to offer inspirations for exploitation of green flexible electronics, bridging the gap in future human-machine-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lan
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University2999 North Renmin RoadShanghai201620China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent SensingSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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31
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Shin Y, Park Y, Ghosh SK, Lee Y, Park J, Ko H. Ultrasensitive Multimodal Tactile Sensors with Skin-Inspired Microstructures through Localized Ferroelectric Polarization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105423. [PMID: 35072354 PMCID: PMC8948547 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional electronic skins have attracted considerable attention for soft electronics including humanoid robots, wearable devices, and health monitoring systems. Simultaneous detection of multiple stimuli in a single self-powered device is desired to simplify artificial somatosensory systems. Here, inspired by the structure and function of human skin, an ultrasensitive self-powered multimodal sensor is demonstrated based on an interlocked ferroelectric copolymer microstructure. The triboelectric and pyroelectric effects of ferroelectric microstructures enable the simultaneous detection of mechanical and thermal stimuli in a spacer-free single device, overcoming the drawbacks of conventional devices, including complex fabrication, structural complexity, and high-power consumption. Furthermore, the interlocked microstructure induces electric field localization during ferroelectric polarization, leading to enhanced output performance. The multimodal tactile sensor provides ultrasensitive pressure and temperature detection capability (2.2 V kPa-1 , 0.27 nA °C-1 ) over a broad range (0.1-98 kPa, -20 °C < ΔT < 30 °C). Furthermore, multiple simultaneous stimuli can be distinguished based on different response times of triboelectric and pyroelectric effects. The remarkable performance of this sensor enables real-time monitoring of pulse pressure, acoustic wave detection, surface texture analysis, and profiling of multiple stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Eun Shin
- School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Jin Park
- School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Sujoy Kumar Ghosh
- School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Park
- School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlsan44919Republic of Korea
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Recent Advances in Electronic Skins with Multiple-Stimuli-Responsive and Self-Healing Abilities. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051661. [PMID: 35268894 PMCID: PMC8911295 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronic skin (e-skin) has provided a revolutionized way to intelligently sense environmental stimuli, which shows prospective applications in health monitoring, artificial intelligence and prosthetics fields. Drawn inspiration from biological skins, developing e-skin with multiple stimuli perception and self-healing abilities not only enrich their bionic multifunctionality, but also greatly improve their sensory performance and functional stability. In this review, we highlight recent important developments in the material structure design strategy to imitate the fascinating functionalities of biological skins, including molecular synthesis, physical structure design, and special biomimicry engineering. Moreover, their specific structure-property relationships, multifunctional application, and existing challenges are also critically analyzed with representative examples. Furthermore, a summary and perspective on future directions and challenges of biomimetic electronic skins regarding function construction will be briefly discussed. We believe that this review will provide valuable guidance for readers to fabricate superior e-skin materials or devices with skin-like multifunctionalities and disparate characteristics.
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Abdullah, Zou Y, Farooq S, Walayat N, Zhang H, Faieta M, Pittia P, Huang Q. Bio-aerogels: Fabrication, properties and food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6687-6709. [PMID: 35156465 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2037504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional inorganic aerogels sustainability, biodegradability, and environmental safety concerns have driven researchers to find their safe green alternatives. Recently, interest in the application of bio-aerogels has rapidly increased in the food industry due to their unique characteristics such as high specific surface area and porosity, ultralow density, tunable pore size and morphology, and superior properties (physicochemical, mechanical, and functional). Bio-aerogels, a special category of highly porous unique materials, fabricated by the sol-gel method followed by drying processes, comprising three-dimensional networks of interconnected biopolymers (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins) with numerous air-filled pores. The production of bio-aerogels begins with the formation of a homogeneously dispersed precursor solution, followed by gelation and wet gel drying procedures by employing special drying techniques including atmospheric-, freeze-, and supercritical drying. Due to their special properties, bio-aerogels have emerged as sustainable biomaterial for many industrial applications, i.e., encapsulation and controlled delivery, active packaging, heavy metals separation, water and air filtration, oleogels, and biosensors. Bio-aerogels are low-cost, biocompatible, and biodegradable sustainable material that can be used in improving the processing, storage, transportation, and bioavailability of food additives, functional ingredients, and bioactive substances for their health benefits with enhanced shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuCheng Zou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shahzad Farooq
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Noman Walayat
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Ocean, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Marco Faieta
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Li WD, Ke K, Jia J, Pu JH, Zhao X, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Bai L, Zhang K, Yang MB, Yang W. Recent Advances in Multiresponsive Flexible Sensors towards E-skin: A Delicate Design for Versatile Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103734. [PMID: 34825473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive flexile sensors with strain, temperature, humidity, and other sensing abilities serving as real electronic skin (e-skin) have manifested great application potential in flexible electronics, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT). Although numerous flexible sensors with sole sensing function have already been reported since the concept of e-skin, that mimics the sensing features of human skin, was proposed about a decade ago, the ones with more sensing capacities as new emergences are urgently demanded. However, highly integrated and highly sensitive flexible sensors with multiresponsive functions are becoming a big thrust for the detection of human body motions, physiological signals (e.g., skin temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiograms (ECG), electromyograms (EMG), sweat, etc.) and environmental stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic field, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), which are vital to real-time and all-round human health monitoring and management. Herein, this review summarizes the design, manufacturing, and application of multiresponsive flexible sensors and presents the future challenges of fabricating these sensors for the next-generation e-skin and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Di Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jin Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jun-Hong Pu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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Li Y, Wang R, Wang GE, Feng S, Shi W, Cheng Y, Shi L, Fu K, Sun J. Mutually Noninterfering Flexible Pressure-Temperature Dual-Modal Sensors Based on Conductive Metal-Organic Framework for Electronic Skin. ACS NANO 2022; 16:473-484. [PMID: 34918906 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pressure and temperature are two important indicators for human skin perception. Electronic skin (E-skin) that mimics human skin within one single flexible sensor is beneficial for detecting and differentiating pressure and temperature and showing immunity from tensile strain disruptions. However, few studies have simultaneously realized these conditions. Herein, a flexible and strain-suppressed pressure-temperature dual-modal sensor based on conductive and microstructured metal-organic framework (MOF) films was reported and mainly prepared by in situ growing Ni3(HiTP)2 onto microstructured mixed cellulose (MSMC) substrates. The sensor exhibits distinguishable and strain-suppressed properties for pressure (sensing range up to 300 kPa, sensitivity of 61.61 kPa-1, response time of 20 ms, and ultralow detection limit of 1 Pa) and temperature sensing (sensitivity of 57.1 μV/K). Theoretical calculations successfully analyzed the mutually noninterfering mechanism between pressure and temperature. Owing to its effective perception in static and dynamic surroundings, this sensor has great potential applications, such as in electronic skin and smart prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guan-E Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shiyang Feng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenge Shi
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Liangjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Kaiyuan Fu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
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36
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Dufil G, Bernacka-Wojcik I, Armada-Moreira A, Stavrinidou E. Plant Bioelectronics and Biohybrids: The Growing Contribution of Organic Electronic and Carbon-Based Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4847-4883. [PMID: 34928592 PMCID: PMC8874897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Life in our planet is highly dependent on plants as they are the primary source of food, regulators of the atmosphere, and providers of a variety of materials. In this work, we review the progress on bioelectronic devices for plants and biohybrid systems based on plants, therefore discussing advancements that view plants either from a biological or a technological perspective, respectively. We give an overview on wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices for monitoring and modulating plant physiology that can be used as tools in basic plant science or find application in agriculture. Furthermore, we discuss plant-wearable devices for monitoring a plant's microenvironment that will enable optimization of growth conditions. The review then covers plant biohybrid systems where plants are an integral part of devices or are converted to devices upon functionalization with smart materials, including self-organized electronics, plant nanobionics, and energy applications. The review focuses on advancements based on organic electronic and carbon-based materials and discusses opportunities, challenges, as well as future steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwennaël Dufil
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Adam Armada-Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.,Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Campus Umeå, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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37
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Jia Y, Jiang Q, Sun H, Liu P, Hu D, Pei Y, Liu W, Crispin X, Fabiano S, Ma Y, Cao Y. Wearable Thermoelectric Materials and Devices for Self-Powered Electronic Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102990. [PMID: 34486174 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things has led to a growing demand for wearable and maintenance-free power sources. The continual push toward lower operating voltages and power consumption in modern integrated circuits has made the development of devices powered by body heat finally feasible. In this context, thermoelectric (TE) materials have emerged as promising candidates for the effective conversion of body heat into electricity to power wearable devices without being limited by environmental conditions. Driven by rapid advances in processing technology and the performance of TE materials over the past two decades, wearable thermoelectric generators (WTEGs) have gradually become more flexible and stretchable so that they can be used on complex and dynamic surfaces. In this review, the functional materials, processing techniques, and strategies for the device design of different types of WTEGs are comprehensively covered. Wearable self-powered systems based on WTEGs are summarized, including multi-function TE modules, hybrid energy harvesting, and all-in-one energy devices. Challenges in organic TE materials, interfacial engineering, and assessments of device performance are discussed, and suggestions for future developments in the area are provided. This review will promote the rapid implementation of wearable TE materials and devices in self-powered electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Jia
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dehua Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanzhong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Weishu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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38
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Zhao D, Zhu Y, Cheng W, Chen W, Wu Y, Yu H. Cellulose-Based Flexible Functional Materials for Emerging Intelligent Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000619. [PMID: 32310313 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is currently enormous and growing demand for flexible electronics for personalized mobile equipment, human-machine interface units, wearable medical-healthcare systems, and bionic intelligent robots. Cellulose is a well-known natural biopolymer that has multiple advantages including low cost, renewability, easy processability, and biodegradability, as well as appealing mechanical performance, dielectricity, piezoelectricity, and convertibility. Because of its multiple merits, cellulose is frequently used as a substrate, binder, dielectric layer, gel electrolyte, and derived carbon material for flexible electronic devices. Leveraging the advantages of cellulose to design advanced functional materials will have a significant impact on portable intelligent electronics. Herein, the unique molecular structure and nanostructures (nanocrystals, nanofibers, nanosheets, etc.) of cellulose are briefly introduced, the structure-property-application relationships of cellulosic materials summarized, and the processing technologies for fabricating cellulose-based flexible electronics considered. The focus then turns to the recent advances of cellulose-based functional materials toward emerging intelligent electronic devices including flexible sensors, optoelectronic devices, field-effect transistors, nanogenerators, electrochemical energy storage devices, biomimetic electronic skins, and biological detection devices. Finally, an outlook of the potential challenges and future prospects for developing cellulose-based wearable devices and bioelectronic systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Wanke Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
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Cheng B, Wu P. Scalable Fabrication of Kevlar/Ti 3C 2T x MXene Intelligent Wearable Fabrics with Multiple Sensory Capabilities. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8676-8685. [PMID: 33978397 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based wearable electronics are highly desirable for wearable devices that are expected to be lightweight, easily prepared, durable, flexible, washable, and conformable. However, developing fiber-based fabric electronics to simulate human perceptual systems or even transcend the sensory capabilities of natural creatures is still a pivotal challenge. Herein, we present a Kevlar/MXene (KM) intelligent wearable fabric with multiple sensory capabilities using an ingenious strategy of continuous wet-spinning. The KM fibers can be washed, knitted, sewed, and fabricated into smart KM fabric sensory systems. An intelligent KM sensory mask is prepared to monitor human breathing in time to detect respiratory problems with high accuracy and portability. It provides an important reference for judging diseases and achieving remote diagnosis. Additionally, a smart temperature-responsive sensory glove is developed to help people make proper behavioral prejudgments and prevent potential injuries by sensing surrounding hazards beforehand. Moreover, this sensory system allows soft robotics to make a rough identification about the basic properties of unknown liquid molecules. Overall, by the virtue of the ultrafast responsiveness (90 ms), resilience (110 ms), and ultrasensitive capability in pressure responding, this KM sensory system offers a gentle approach for wireless detection in information encryption, transmission, and preservation by touching the sensory system with variable pressing time on the basis of the International Morse code principles, establishing a competitive and promising candidate for next generation wearable flexible fabric electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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40
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Pang B, Xu W, Duan G, Jiang S, Zhang K. Recent Progress on Nanocellulose Aerogels: Preparation, Modification, Composite Fabrication, Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005569. [PMID: 33538067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of modern industry and excessive consumption of petroleum-based polymers have triggered a double crisis presenting a shortage of nonrenewable resources and environmental pollution. However, this has provided an opportunity to stimulate researchers to harness native biobased materials for novel advanced materials and applications. Nanocellulose-based aerogels, using abundant and sustainable cellulose as raw material, present a third-generation of aerogels that combine traditional aerogels with high porosity and large specific surface area, as well as the excellent properties of cellulose itself. Currently, nanocellulose aerogels provide a highly attention-catching platform for a wide range of functional applications in various fields, e.g., adsorption, separation, energy storage, thermal insulation, electromagnetic interference shielding, and biomedical applications. Here, the preparation methods, modification strategies, composite fabrications, and further applications of nanocellulose aerogels are summarized, with additional discussions regarding the prospects and potential challenges in future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Wenhui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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41
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Yan YC, Jiang CY, Chen RB, Ma BH, Deng JJ, Zheng SJ, Luo J. Highly Sensitive Flow Sensor Based on Flexible Dual-Layer Heating Structures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20226657. [PMID: 33233710 PMCID: PMC7699840 DOI: 10.3390/s20226657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hot film sensors detect the flow shear stress based on the forced convection heat transfer to the fluid. Current hot film sensors have been significantly hindered by the relatively low sensitivity due to the massive heat conduction to the substrate. This paper describes the design, fabrication, simulation, and testing of a novel flow sensor with dual-layer hot film structures. More specifically, the heat conduction was insulated from the sensing heater to the substrate by controlling both sensing and guarding heaters working at the same temperature, resulting in a higher sensitivity. The experiment and simulation results showed that the sensitivity of the dual-layer hot film sensor was significantly improved in comparison to the single-layer sensor. Additionally, the dual-layer sensor was designed and fabricated in an integrated, flexible, and miniaturized manner. Its small size makes it an excellent candidate for flow detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bing-He Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-7249-1381
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Wang Y, Hou S, Li T, Jin S, Shao Y, Yang H, Wu D, Dai S, Lu Y, Chen S, Huang J. Flexible Capacitive Humidity Sensors Based on Ionic Conductive Wood-Derived Cellulose Nanopapers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41896-41904. [PMID: 32829628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the growing requirements for the renewability and sustainability of electronic products, environmentally friendly cellulose-based materials have attracted immense research interests and gained increasing prominence for electronic devices. Humidity sensors play an essential role in industries, agriculture, climatology, medical services, and daily life. Here, for the first time, we fabricate capacitive humidity sensors based on ionic conductive wood-derived cellulose nanopapers (WCNs). The WCN-based humidity sensors exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity, fast response, small hysteresis, and more importantly, a wide working range of relative humidity (RH). The sensors showed >104 times increase in the sensing signal over the 7-94% RH range at 20 Hz, while many reported humidity sensors with high sensitivity often have the working range limited to high RH levels. Our sensors can realize the distinction of nuances in humidity and exhibit outstanding noncontact skin humidity sensing properties. Flexible WCN-based humidity sensors were also fabricated, and they displayed excellent sensing properties with long-time stability, endowing them with multifunctional applications. The contrast humidity sensing experiment compared to the existing commercial humidity sensor further demonstrated the higher and faster response of our WCN-based sensors. Thus, this work provides effective guidance for the design of high-performance humidity sensors using nanopapers and opens a new dimension for a variety of future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200060, P. R. China
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Hou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Shu Jin
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200060, P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200060, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shilei Dai
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200060, P. R. China
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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43
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Pan J, Zhang Z, Jiang C, Zhang L, Tong L. A multifunctional skin-like wearable optical sensor based on an optical micro-/nanofibre. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17538-17544. [PMID: 32812610 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional skin-like sensors play an important role in next-generation healthcare, robotics, and bioelectronics. Here, we report a skin-like wearable optical sensor (SLWOS) enabled by a stretchable, flexible, and attachable patch embedded with an optical micro-/nanofibre (MNF), which is highly compatible with human skin, a curved surface, or cloth. Based on the transition from radiation modes into guided modes around the bending area of the MNF, the SLWOS embedded with a wavy MNF is highly sensitive to weak strain, achieving a gauge factor as large as 675 (strain <1%). The flexible SLWOS is also capable of monitoring the bending angle in a broad dynamic range with tunable sensitivity. In addition, temperature measurements in the range of -20 to 130 °C are realized by taking advantage of PDMS's large negative thermo-optic coefficient. The superior sensing performance together with mechanical flexibility enables the real-time monitoring of respiration, arm motion, and body temperature. This SLWOS will have great potential in wearable optical devices ranging from ultrasensitive sensors to photonic healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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44
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Li M, Chen J, Zhong W, Luo M, Wang W, Qing X, Lu Y, Liu Q, Liu K, Wang Y, Wang D. Large-Area, Wearable, Self-Powered Pressure-Temperature Sensor Based on 3D Thermoelectric Spacer Fabric. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2545-2554. [PMID: 32672940 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of wearable devices puts forward higher requirements for mass-produced integrated smart systems that incorporate multiple electric components, such as energy supplying, multisensing, and communicating. To synchronously realize continuously self-powering, multifunctional sensing, distinguish signals from different stimuli, and productively design and fabricate a large-area sensing array, an all-fabric-based self-powered pressure-temperature-sensing electronic skin (e-skin) was prepared in this study by assembling highly flexible and compressible 3D spacer fabric (SF) and the thermoelectric poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The all-fabric-based e-skin can efficiently and accurately sense the temperature with a detection resolution of 0.1 K and a response time of 1 s, as well as pressure within a wide range of 200 Pa to 200 kPa and a fast response time of 80 ms. The electricity necessary for driving the sensor can be provided by the temperature difference between the body and environment. Notably, independent voltage and current signals can be generated and read out under the simultaneous temperature-pressure stimuli. For the first time, a real waistcoat-like e-skin with electricity-generating and pressure-temperature-sensing functions on the whole area was designed and prepared by a simple and easy to scale-up production method. All of these features make the developed all-fabric self-powered sensor have very promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Weibing Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Mengying Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xing Qing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Qiongzhen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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45
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Li F, Liu Y, Shi X, Li H, Wang C, Zhang Q, Ma R, Liang J. Printable and Stretchable Temperature-Strain Dual-Sensing Nanocomposite with High Sensitivity and Perfect Stimulus Discriminability. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6176-6184. [PMID: 32662654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable physical sensors that can individually detect mechanical deformations with high strain sensitivity within a broad working strain range and temperature variations with accurate temperature resolution are a sought-after technology. Herein, a stretchable temperature and strain dual-parameter sensor that can precisely detect and distinguish strain from temperature stimuli without crosstalk is developed, based on a printable titanium carbide (MXene)-silver nanowire (AgNW)-PEDOT:PSS-tellurium nanowire (TeNW) nanocomposite. With this dual-parameter sensor, strain and temperature are effectively transduced into electrically isolated signals through the electrically conductive MXene-AgNW and thermoelectric PEDOT:PSS-TeNW components, respectively. In addition, the synergistic effect between the MXene nanosheets and PEDOT:PSS also greatly enhances the stretchability and sensitivity of the sensing devices. These properties enable the nanocomposite to decouple responses between temperature and strain stimuli with an accurate temperature resolution of 0.2 °C and a gauge factor of up to 1933.3 in a working strain range broader than 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Conghui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Rujun Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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46
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Romero M, Mombrú D, Pignanelli F, Faccio R, Mombrú AW. Mini-Review: Mixed Ionic-Electronic Charge Carrier Localization and Transport in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanomaterials. Front Chem 2020; 8:537. [PMID: 32760697 PMCID: PMC7372086 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, a comprehensive discussion on the state of the art of hybrid organic–inorganic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (hOI-MIECs) is given, focusing on conducting polymer nanocomposites comprising inorganic nanoparticles ranging from ceramic-in-polymer to polymer-in-ceramic concentration regimes. First, a brief discussion on fundamental aspects of mixed ionic–electronic transport phenomena considering the charge carrier transport at bulk regions together with the effect of the organic–inorganic interphase of hybrid nanocomposites is presented. We also make a recount of updated instrumentation techniques to characterize structure, microstructure, chemical composition, and mixed ionic–electronic transport with special focus on those relevant for hOI-MIECs. Raman imaging and impedance spectroscopy instrumentation techniques are particularly discussed as relatively simple and versatile tools to study the charge carrier localization and transport at different regions of hOI-MIECs including both bulk and interphase regions to shed some light on the mixed ionic–electronic transport mechanism. In addition, we will also refer to different device assembly configurations and in situ/operando measurements experiments to analyze mixed ionic–electronic conduction phenomena for different specific applications. Finally, we will also review the broad range of promising applications of hOI-MIECs, mainly in the field of energy storage and conversion, but also in the emerging field of electronics and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Romero
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones - DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dominique Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones - DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Pignanelli
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones - DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Faccio
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones - DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alvaro W Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones - DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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47
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Mardi S, Pea M, Notargiacomo A, Yaghoobi Nia N, Carlo AD, Reale A. The Molecular Weight Dependence of Thermoelectric Properties of Poly (3-Hexylthiophene). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1404. [PMID: 32204569 PMCID: PMC7142503 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic materials have been found to be promising candidates for low-temperature thermoelectric applications. In particular, poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been attracting great interest due to its desirable intrinsic properties, such as excellent solution processability, chemical and thermal stability, and high field-effect mobility. However, its poor electrical conductivity has limited its application as a thermoelectric material. It is therefore important to improve the electrical conductivity of P3HT layers. In this work, we studied how molecular weight (MW) influences the thermoelectric properties of P3HT films. The films were doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide salt (LiTFSI) and 4-tert butylpyridine (TBP). Various P3HT layers with different MWs ranging from 21 to 94 kDa were investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis were performed to investigate the morphology and structure features of thin films with different MWs. The electrical conductivity initially increased when the MW increased and then decreased at the highest MW, whereas the Seebeck coefficient had a trend of reducing as the MW grew. The maximum thermoelectric power factor (1.87 μW/mK2) was obtained for MW of 77 kDa at 333 K. At this temperature, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of this MW were 65.5 S/m and 169 μV/K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mardi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Marialilia Pea
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Andrea Notargiacomo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Narges Yaghoobi Nia
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Andrea Reale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
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48
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Jian M, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Natural Biopolymers for Flexible Sensing and Energy Devices. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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49
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Park J, Lee Y, Kim M, Kim Y, Tripathi A, Kwon YW, Kwak J, Woo HY. Closely Packed Polypyrroles via Ionic Cross-Linking: Correlation of Molecular Structure-Morphology-Thermoelectric Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1110-1119. [PMID: 31825593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of ionically interconnected polypyrrole (PPy) films are fabricated through two-monomer-connected-precursor polymerization by varying diacid linkers, thereby significantly influencing the crystalline morphology and electrical properties. The structure obtained using 1,5-napthalenedisulfonic acid (PPy-Nap) as a fused aromatic linker exhibits a higher electrical conductivity (∼78 S cm-1) than that (6.7 S cm-1) without a linker (PPy-ref). Cryogenic conductivity measurements reveal that the percolation carrier transport barrier of PPy-Nap is significantly smaller than that of PPy-ref, and the calculated carrier mobility of PPy-Nap is ∼5 times higher compared to PPy-ref. The carrier transport characteristics show a good agreement with morphological data by 2D grazing-incidence X-ray scattering. All PPys have similar doped charge carrier concentrations and, thus, similar Seebeck coefficients (5-8 μV K-1) but very different electrical conductivities. Consequently, PPy-Nap exhibits a higher power factor than that of PPy-ref (0.21 vs 0.043 μW m-1 K-2). The results show that the trade-off relationship between the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity can be overcome by improving crystalline morphology and carrier transport. Thus, both the electrical conductivities and thermoelectric power factors can be improved with maintaining the Seebeck coefficients by enhancing the ordered conductive domains and carrier mobility while maintaining the doping level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyung Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yungeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ayushi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
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50
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Yang J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Chen X, Liu W. Versatile Aerogels for Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902826. [PMID: 31475442 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels are unique solid-state materials composed of interconnected 3D solid networks and a large number of air-filled pores. They extend the structural characteristics as well as physicochemical properties of nanoscale building blocks to macroscale, and integrate typical characteristics of aerogels, such as high porosity, large surface area, and low density, with specific properties of the various constituents. These features endow aerogels with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast response and recovery for sensing materials in sensors such as gas sensors, biosensors and strain and pressure sensors, among others. Considerable research efforts in recent years have been devoted to the development of aerogel-based sensors and encouraging accomplishments have been achieved. Herein, groundbreaking advances in the preparation, classification, and physicochemical properties of aerogels and their sensing applications are presented. Moreover, the current challenges and some perspectives for the development of high-performance aerogel-based sensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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